text.mod/graphviz.mod/graphviz/tests/graphs/big.gv

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and  | { Thats the reason | post-menopausal | estrogen } | is\n\
given together with another hormone called\n\
progestin: The combination lowers the risk of\n\
endometrial cancer.\n\
\n\
But the NTP advisers said putting all\n\
estrogens on the federal list would help\n\
women trying to balance the benefits and\n\
risks when choosing hormone therapy.\n\
Physicians never discuss any of these risks\n\
when they are prescribing hormone therapy.\n\
They only discuss benefits. Listing might\n\
force it on the table, Michelle Medinsky, a\n\
toxicologist from Durham, N.C., said before\n\
the vote.\n\
\n\
The committee of scientists advises the NTP,\n\
a branch of the National Institutes of Health\n\
that every two years updates the federal list\n\
of proven and suspected cancer-causing\n\
substances.\n\
\n\
The NTP typically follows its advisers\n\
recommendations, but an officially updated\n\
carcinogen list isnt expected until 2002.\n\
\n\
Thursday, after a daylong debate, the panel\n\
declined to add talc powder to the list,\n\
saying there wasnt enough evidence linking\n\
its use in feminine hygiene products to\n\
ovarian cancer. The panel deadlocked over\n\
whether to a second type of talc, fibrous\n\
talc that some studies have linked to lung\n\
cancer in talc miners.\n\
\n\
On Wednesday, the panel voted to add\n\
ultraviolet radiation -- those\n\
sunburn-causing rays long known to cause skin\n\
cancer -- to the official carcinogen list.\n\
\n\
The panel on Friday continued debating an\n\
association between cancers of the nose and\n\
sinuses with industrial exposure to wood\n\
dust.\n\
\n\
Talc has long been controversial. When\n\
studies first appeared suggesting it migrated\n\
into the ovaries to cause tumors, many\n\
feminine hygiene products replaced talc with\n\
cornstarch.\n\
\n\
Panelist Medinsky said she had been prepared\n\
to list talc powder as reasonably believed\n\
to cause cancer. But after listening to\n\
hours of industry attacks on the science,\n\
the evidence has knocked me out of the\n\
reasonably category into not list, she\n\
said before the panel voted 7-3 against\n\
listing talc.\n\
\n\
Talc has long been controversial. When\n\
studies first appeared suggesting it migrated\n\
into the ovaries to cause tumors, many\n\
feminine hygiene products replaced talc with\n\
cornstarch.\n\
\n\
Panelist Medinsky said she had been prepared\n\
to list talc powder as reasonably believed\n\
to cause cancer. But after listening to\n\
hours of industry attacks on the science,\n\
the evidence has knocked me out of the\n\
reasonably category into not list, she\n\
said before the panel voted 7-3 against\n\
listing talc.\n\
\n\
Talc in one form or the other can be found in\n\
many papers, paints, ceramics, food wrappers,\n\
hard candy, chewing gum, cosmetics and pills.\n\
Most people are familiar with talc as a loose\n\
powder used in cosmetics and as a drying\n\
powder.\n\
\n\
Industry officials also attacked studies that\n\
showed increased lung cancer in talc miners\n\
in New York State and questioned an\n\
experiment that showed that rats breathing\n\
high concentrations of talc got lung cancer.\n\
\n\
Higher lung-cancer rates in talc miners may\n\
have resulted from their smoking or from the\n\
presence of radon gas in the mines or\n\
asbestos in soils nearby, industry officials\n\
said.\n\
\n\
The scientific advisers then deadlocked on\n\
whether this second type of talc, fibrous\n\
talc, caused lung cancer, voting 5-5 on\n\
adding it to the carcinogen list.\n\
\n\
UV light, however, was a no-brainer for the\n\
panel, which voted unanimously that it was a\n\
known human carcinogen.\n\
\n\
UV radiation is not visible, but it is felt\n\
as heat and can damage the eyes and skin. It\n\
comes in three forms, ranging from the\n\
relatively long-wavelength UVA to the\n\
shortest wavelength UVC. UVA accounts for\n\
most of the solar UV radiation because it is\n\
not absorbed by the atmosphere. UVB is mostly\n\
absorbed by the ozone layer and UVC is\n\
totally absorbed.\n\
\n\
All three are produced by mercury arc sun\n\
lamps, while other lamps that simulate\n\
sunlight produce primarily UVA.\n\
\n\
SYDNEY, Australia (AP) -- Botanists have\n\
found a stand of living fossil trees from\n\
a species dating back to prehistoric times in\n\
the dense rainforests north of Sydney,\n\
authorities said Friday.\n\
\n\
About 20 mature trees found in the Nightcap\n\
Range about 400 miles north of Sydney bear\n\
nuts similar in structure to those discovered\n\
in fossilized form in 1875 by botanist Baron\n\
Ferdinand von Mueller.\n\
\n\
It gives us another small paragraph or a\n\
page of the insight into the evolution of\n\
flowering plants and the incredible changes                    \n\
that have occurred on this continent through\n\
enormous periods of time, said botanist\n\
Peter Kooyman, who discovered the trees in\n\
August.\n\
\n\
The exact location is being kept secret to\n\
protect the trees, state environment minister\n\
Bob Debus said.\n\
\n\
Kooyman sent details of his find to Sydneys\n\
Royal Botanic Gardens, which identified the\n\
rainforests which once covered the ancient \n\
super-continent of Gondwanaland -- now\n\
Australia, Africa, South America and New\n\
Zealand, Debus said.\n\
\n\
The biggest of the newly discovered trees is\n\
at least 120 feet tall and has beautiful,\n\
primitive and messy flowers with a scent\n\
similar to aniseed, Kooyman said.\n\
\n\
A similar discovery was made in the Blue\n\
Mountains west of Sydney in 1994, when\n\
botanists discovered a stand of living fossil\n\
trees known as the Wollemi Pines.\n\
\n\
provocative Turkish  \n\
study suggests that     \n\
using honey as an      \n\
ointment during a     \n\
certain type of      \n\
colon-cancer surgery\n\
can help prevent tumors       \n\
from recurring.              \n\
\n\
While the research was     \n\
done in mice and no one   \n\
expects hospitals t\n\
start stocking    \n\
operating rooms with    \n\
honey jars, honey has  \n\
been used as a folk   \n\
remedy for healing   \n\
since biblical times\n\
\n\
And a Mayo Clinic \n\
cancer expert said the       \n\
results, though             \n\
preliminary, are too       \n\
fascinating to be         \n\
dismissed.               \n\
\n\
The research was aimed \n\
at improving the safety   \n\
of laparoscopic          \n\
surgery, an\n\
increasingly popular technique that involves\n\
tiny keyhole incisions and skinny\n\
instruments.\n\
\n\
Enthusiasm for the technique has been\n\
tempered by some reports that laparoscopy for\n\
colon cancer can itself cause tumors to\n\
develop in the abdominal wall, along the path\n\
the surgical instruments took.\n\
\n\
The Turkish researchers suggest honey might\n\
work as a barrier to tumor cells when it is\n\
spread in the incisions. The findings, based\n\
on a study of 60 mice, were published in\n\
Decembers issue of the Archives of Surgery.\n\
\n\
Dr. Tonia Young-Fadok, a Mayo Clinic surgeon\n\
participating in a U.S. study on whether\n\
laparoscopic surgery for colon cancer can\n\
cause new tumors, said substances in honey\n\
might actually help dissolve tumor cells.\n\
\n\
Its not clear what the power of honey is,\n\
but theres certainly something here thats\n\
of interest, Young-Fadok said.\n\
\n\
Laparoscopies are being used increasingly to\n\
treat a variety of conditions that formerly\n\
required major operations. Skinny instruments\n\
and a slender viewing tube called a\n\
laparoscope are inserted through tiny\n\
incisions. Carbon dioxide gas is injected\n\
into the body cavity to cause the abdomen to\n\
swell, creating a work space for surgeons.\n\
\n\
Colon tumors are essentially the only type of\n\
cancer for which doctors use laparoscopy.\n\
\n\
Some theorize that the gas might cause cancer\n\
cells to shift location and form tumors.\n\
Others suggest that inexperienced surgeons\n\
might inadvertently cause malignant cells to\n\
implant as they extract the tumor.\n\
\n\
Young-Fadok said some research has found that\n\
tumors occur in less than 1 percent of cases\n\
and that when the laparoscopy is done by\n\
experienced surgeons, the risk is essentially\n\
zero.\n\
\n\
In the Turkish study, led by Dr. Ismail\n\
Hamzaoglu of Istanbul University, researchers\n\
injected the mice with air, made neck\n\
incisions and injected the animals with tumor\n\
cells. The researchers spread honey inside\n\
the incisions in one group of mice before and\n\
after the injections.\n\
\n\
All 30 mice without honey developed tumors,\n\
compared with only eight of the 30\n\
honey-treated mice.\n\
\n\
In a commentary accompanying the study,\n\
Chicago plastic surgeon Dr. Thomas Mustoe\n\
noted that other research has suggested honey\n\
has anti-bacterial properties and may be an\n\
effective treatment for burns.\n\
\n\
The study highlights another potential\n\
use, Mustoe said.\n\
abde\
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