Add C# code to random_number_generation and fix shuffle bag example. (#8072)

* Add C# code to random_number_generation and fix shuffle bag example.

Changes made to shuffle bag example:
- Replace .empty() with .is_empty()
- More descriptive comment
- Change code-block into a tabbed code block

---------

Co-authored-by: Paul Joannon <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: Raul Santos <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: tetrapod <[email protected]>

tutorials/math/random_number_generation.rst

@@ -145,12 +145,12 @@ varying by the deviation (1.0 by default):
  .. code-tab:: gdscript GDScript
 
     # Prints a random floating-point number from a normal distribution with a mean 0.0 and deviation 1.0.
-    print(randfn())
+    print(randfn(0.0, 1.0))
 
  .. code-tab:: csharp
 
-    // Prints a random floating-point number from a normal distribution with a mean of 0.0 and deviation of 1.0.
-    GD.Print(GD.Randfn());
+    // Prints a random floating-point number from a normal distribution with a mean 0.0 and deviation 1.0.
+    GD.Print(GD.Randfn(0.0, 1.0));
 
 :ref:`randf_range() <class_@GlobalScope_method_randf_range>` takes two arguments
 ``from`` and ``to``, and returns a random floating-point number between ``from``
@@ -165,7 +165,7 @@ and ``to``:
  .. code-tab:: csharp
 
     // Prints a random floating-point number between -4 and 6.5.
-    GD.Print(GD.RandfRange(-4, 6.5));
+    GD.Print(GD.RandRange(-4.0, 6.5));
 
 :ref:`randi_range() <class_@GlobalScope_method_randi_range>` takes two arguments ``from``
 and ``to``, and returns a random integer between ``from`` and ``to``:
@@ -178,8 +178,8 @@ and ``to``, and returns a random integer between ``from`` and ``to``:
 
  .. code-tab:: csharp
 
-    // Prints a random integer between -10 and 10.
-    GD.Print(GD.RandiRange(-10, 10));
+    // Prints a random integer number between -10 and 10.
+    GD.Print(GD.RandRange(-10, 10));
 
 Get a random array element
 --------------------------
@@ -314,7 +314,7 @@ We can apply similar logic from arrays to dictionaries as well:
 .. tabs::
  .. code-tab:: gdscript GDScript
 
-    var metals = {
+    var _metals = {
         "copper": {"quantity": 50, "price": 50},
         "silver": {"quantity": 20, "price": 150},
         "gold": {"quantity": 3, "price": 500},
@@ -327,11 +327,36 @@ We can apply similar logic from arrays to dictionaries as well:
 
 
     func get_metal():
-        var random_metal = metals.values()[randi() % metals.size()]
+        var random_metal = _metals.values()[randi() % metals.size()]
         # Returns a random metal value dictionary every time the code runs.
         # The same metal may be selected multiple times in succession.
         return random_metal
 
+ .. code-tab:: csharp
+
+    private Godot.Collections.Dictionary<string, Godot.Collections.Dictionary<string, int>> _metals = new()
+    {
+        {"copper", new Godot.Collections.Dictionary<string, int>{{"quantity", 50}, {"price", 50}}},
+        {"silver", new Godot.Collections.Dictionary<string, int>{{"quantity", 20}, {"price", 150}}},
+        {"gold", new Godot.Collections.Dictionary<string, int>{{"quantity", 3}, {"price", 500}}},
+    };
+
+    public override void _Ready()
+    {
+        for (int i = 0; i < 20; i++)
+        {
+            GD.Print(GetMetal());
+        }
+    }
+
+    public Godot.Collections.Dictionary<string, int> GetMetal()
+    {
+        var (_, randomMetal) = _metals.ElementAt((int)(GD.Randi() % _metals.Count));
+        // Returns a random metal value dictionary every time the code runs.
+        // The same metal may be selected multiple times in succession.
+        return randomMetal;
+    }
+
 .. _doc_random_number_generation_weighted_random_probability:
 
 Weighted random probability
@@ -443,7 +468,10 @@ could get the same fruit three or more times in a row.
 
 You can accomplish this using the *shuffle bag* pattern. It works by removing an
 element from the array after choosing it. After multiple selections, the array
-ends up empty. When that happens, you reinitialize it to its default value::
+ends up empty. When that happens, you reinitialize it to its default value:
+
+.. tabs::
+ .. code-tab:: gdscript GDScript
 
     var _fruits = ["apple", "orange", "pear", "banana"]
     # A copy of the fruits array so we can restore the original value into `fruits`.
@@ -467,9 +495,45 @@ ends up empty. When that happens, you reinitialize it to its default value::
         # Get a random fruit, since we shuffled the array,
         # and remove it from the `_fruits` array.
         var random_fruit = _fruits.pop_front()
-        # Prints "apple", "orange", "pear", or "banana" every time the code runs.
+        # Returns "apple", "orange", "pear", or "banana" every time the code runs, removing it from the array.
+        # When all fruit are removed, it refills the array.
         return random_fruit
 
+ .. code-tab:: csharp
+
+    private Godot.Collections.Array<string> _fruits = new() { "apple", "orange", "pear", "banana" };
+    // A copy of the fruits array so we can restore the original value into `fruits`.
+    private Godot.Collections.Array<string> _fruitsFull;
+
+    public override void _Ready()
+    {
+        _fruitsFull = _fruits.Duplicate();
+        _fruits.Shuffle();
+
+        for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++)
+        {
+            GD.Print(GetFruit());
+        }
+    }
+
+    public string GetFruit()
+    {
+        if(_fruits.Count == 0)
+        {
+            // Fill the fruits array again and shuffle it.
+            _fruits = _fruitsFull.Duplicate();
+            _fruits.Shuffle();
+        }
+
+        // Get a random fruit, since we shuffled the array,
+        string randomFruit = _fruits[0];
+        // and remove it from the `_fruits` array.
+        _fruits.RemoveAt(0);
+        // Returns "apple", "orange", "pear", or "banana" every time the code runs, removing it from the array.
+        // When all fruit are removed, it refills the array.
+        return randomFruit;
+    }
+
 When running the above code, there is a chance to get the same fruit twice in a
 row. Once we picked a fruit, it will no longer be a possible return value unless
 the array is now empty. When the array is empty, we reset it back to its default
@@ -511,7 +575,7 @@ terrain. Godot provides :ref:`class_fastnoiselite` for this, which supports
     public override void _Ready()
     {
         // Configure the FastNoiseLite instance.
-        _noise.NoiseType = NoiseTypeEnum.SimplexSmooth;
+        _noise.NoiseType = FastNoiseLite.NoiseTypeEnum.SimplexSmooth;
         _noise.Seed = (int)GD.Randi();
         _noise.FractalOctaves = 4;
         _noise.Frequency = 1.0f / 20.0f;