godot-docs/tutorials/shaders/shader_reference/shading_language.rst

.. _doc_shading_language:

Shading language
================

Introduction
------------

Godot uses a shading language similar to GLSL ES 3.0. Most datatypes and functions are supported,
and the few remaining ones will likely be added over time.

If you are already familiar with GLSL, the :ref:`Godot Shader Migration Guide<doc_converting_glsl_to_godot_shaders>`
is a resource that will help you transition from regular GLSL to Godot's shading language.

Data types
----------

Most GLSL ES 3.0 datatypes are supported:

+---------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Type                | Description                                                                     |
+=====================+=================================================================================+
| **void**            | Void datatype, useful only for functions that return nothing.                   |
+---------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| **bool**            | Boolean datatype, can only contain ``true`` or ``false``.                       |
+---------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| **bvec2**           | Two-component vector of booleans.                                               |
+---------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| **bvec3**           | Three-component vector of booleans.                                             |
+---------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| **bvec4**           | Four-component vector of booleans.                                              |
+---------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| **int**             | Signed scalar integer.                                                          |
+---------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| **ivec2**           | Two-component vector of signed integers.                                        |
+---------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| **ivec3**           | Three-component vector of signed integers.                                      |
+---------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| **ivec4**           | Four-component vector of signed integers.                                       |
+---------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| **uint**            | Unsigned scalar integer; can't contain negative numbers.                        |
+---------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| **uvec2**           | Two-component vector of unsigned integers.                                      |
+---------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| **uvec3**           | Three-component vector of unsigned integers.                                    |
+---------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| **uvec4**           | Four-component vector of unsigned integers.                                     |
+---------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| **float**           | Floating-point scalar.                                                          |
+---------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| **vec2**            | Two-component vector of floating-point values.                                  |
+---------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| **vec3**            | Three-component vector of floating-point values.                                |
+---------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| **vec4**            | Four-component vector of floating-point values.                                 |
+---------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| **mat2**            | 2x2 matrix, in column major order.                                              |
+---------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| **mat3**            | 3x3 matrix, in column major order.                                              |
+---------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| **mat4**            | 4x4 matrix, in column major order.                                              |
+---------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| **sampler2D**       | Sampler type for binding 2D textures, which are read as float.                  |
+---------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| **isampler2D**      | Sampler type for binding 2D textures, which are read as signed integer.         |
+---------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| **usampler2D**      | Sampler type for binding 2D textures, which are read as unsigned integer.       |
+---------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| **sampler2DArray**  | Sampler type for binding 2D texture arrays, which are read as float.            |
+---------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| **isampler2DArray** | Sampler type for binding 2D texture arrays, which are read as signed integer.   |
+---------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| **usampler2DArray** | Sampler type for binding 2D texture arrays, which are read as unsigned integer. |
+---------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| **sampler3D**       | Sampler type for binding 3D textures, which are read as float.                  |
+---------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| **isampler3D**      | Sampler type for binding 3D textures, which are read as signed integer.         |
+---------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| **usampler3D**      | Sampler type for binding 3D textures, which are read as unsigned integer.       |
+---------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| **samplerCube**     | Sampler type for binding Cubemaps, which are read as floats.                    |
+---------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------+

Casting
~~~~~~~

Just like GLSL ES 3.0, implicit casting between scalars and vectors of the same size but different type is not allowed.
Casting of types of different size is also not allowed. Conversion must be done explicitly via constructors.

Example:

.. code-block:: glsl

    float a = 2; // invalid
    float a = 2.0; // valid
    float a = float(2); // valid

Default integer constants are signed, so casting is always needed to convert to unsigned:

.. code-block:: glsl

    int a = 2; // valid
    uint a = 2; // invalid
    uint a = uint(2); // valid

Members
~~~~~~~

Individual scalar members of vector types are accessed via the "x", "y", "z" and "w" members.
Alternatively, using "r", "g", "b" and "a" also works and is equivalent. Use whatever fits
best for your needs.

For matrices, use the ``m[row][column]`` indexing syntax to access each scalar, or ``m[idx]`` to access
a vector by row index. For example, for accessing the y position of an object in a mat4 you  use
``m[3][1]``.

Constructing
~~~~~~~~~~~~

Construction of vector types must always pass:

.. code-block:: glsl

    // The required amount of scalars
    vec4 a = vec4(0.0, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0);
    // Complementary vectors and/or scalars
    vec4 a = vec4(vec2(0.0, 1.0), vec2(2.0, 3.0));
    vec4 a = vec4(vec3(0.0, 1.0, 2.0), 3.0);
    // A single scalar for the whole vector
    vec4 a = vec4(0.0);

Construction of matrix types requires vectors of the same dimension as the matrix. You can
also build a diagonal matrix using ``matx(float)`` syntax. Accordingly, ``mat4(1.0)`` is
an identity matrix.

.. code-block:: glsl

    mat2 m2 = mat2(vec2(1.0, 0.0), vec2(0.0, 1.0));
    mat3 m3 = mat3(vec3(1.0, 0.0, 0.0), vec3(0.0, 1.0, 0.0), vec3(0.0, 0.0, 1.0));
    mat4 identity = mat4(1.0);

Matrices can also be built from a matrix of another dimension.
There are two rules :
If a larger matrix is constructed from a smaller matrix, the additional rows and columns are
set to the values they would have in an identity matrix. If a smaller matrix is constructed
from a larger matrix, the top, left submatrix of the larger matrix is used.

.. code-block:: glsl

	mat3 basis = mat3(WORLD_MATRIX);
	mat4 m4 = mat4(basis);
	mat2 m2 = mat2(m4);

Swizzling
~~~~~~~~~

It is possible to obtain any combination of components in any order, as long as the result
is another vector type (or scalar). This is easier shown than explained:

.. code-block:: glsl

    vec4 a = vec4(0.0, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0);
    vec3 b = a.rgb; // Creates a vec3 with vec4 components.
    vec3 b = a.ggg; // Also valid; creates a vec3 and fills it with a single vec4 component.
    vec3 b = a.bgr; // Order does not matter.
    vec3 b = a.xyz; // Also rgba, xyzw are equivalent.
    vec3 b = a.stp; // And stpq (for texture coordinates).
    float c = b.w; // Invalid, because "w" is not present in vec3 b.
    vec3 c = b.xrt; // Invalid, mixing different styles is forbidden.
    b.rrr = a.rgb; // Invalid, assignment with duplication.
    b.bgr = a.rgb; // Valid assignment.

Precision
~~~~~~~~~

It is possible to add precision modifiers to datatypes; use them for uniforms, variables, arguments and varyings:

.. code-block:: glsl

    lowp vec4 a = vec4(0.0, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0); // low precision, usually 8 bits per component mapped to 0-1
    mediump vec4 a = vec4(0.0, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0); // medium precision, usually 16 bits or half float
    highp vec4 a = vec4(0.0, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0); // high precision, uses full float or integer range (default)


Using lower precision for some operations can speed up the math involved (at the cost of less precision).
This is rarely needed in the vertex processor function (where full precision is needed most of the time),
but is often useful in the fragment processor.

Some architectures (mainly mobile) can benefit significantly from this, but
there are downsides such as the additional overhead of conversion between
precisions. Refer to the documentation of the target architecture for further
information. In many cases, mobile drivers cause inconsistent or unexpected
behavior and it is best to avoid specifying precision unless necessary.

Arrays
------

Arrays are containers for multiple variables of a similar type.

Local arrays
~~~~~~~~~~~~

Local arrays are declared in functions. They can use all of the allowed datatypes, except samplers.
The array declaration follows a C-style syntax: ``[const] + [precision] + typename + identifier + [array size]``.

.. code-block:: glsl

    void fragment() {
        float arr[3];
    }

They can be initialized at the beginning like:

.. code-block:: glsl

    float float_arr[3] = float[3] (1.0, 0.5, 0.0); // first constructor

    int int_arr[3] = int[] (2, 1, 0); // second constructor

    vec2 vec2_arr[3] = { vec2(1.0, 1.0), vec2(0.5, 0.5), vec2(0.0, 0.0) }; // third constructor

    bool bool_arr[] = { true, true, false }; // fourth constructor - size is defined automatically from the element count

You can declare multiple arrays (even with different sizes) in one expression:

.. code-block:: glsl

    float a[3] = float[3] (1.0, 0.5, 0.0),
    b[2] = { 1.0, 0.5 },
    c[] = { 0.7 },
    d = 0.0,
    e[5];

To access an array element, use the indexing syntax:

.. code-block:: glsl

    float arr[3];

    arr[0] = 1.0; // setter

    COLOR.r = arr[0]; // getter

Arrays also have a built-in function ``.length()`` (not to be confused with the built-in ``length()`` function). It doesn't accept any parameters and will return the array's size.

.. code-block:: glsl

    float arr[] = { 0.0, 1.0, 0.5, -1.0 };
    for (int i = 0; i < arr.length(); i++) {
        // ...
    }

.. note::

    If you use an index below 0 or greater than array size - the shader will crash and break rendering. To prevent this, use ``length()``, ``if``, or ``clamp()`` functions to ensure the index is between 0 and the array's length. Always carefully test and check your code. If you pass a constant expression or a simple number, the editor will check its bounds to prevent this crash.

Global arrays
~~~~~~~~~~~~~

You can declare arrays at global space like:

.. code-block:: glsl

    shader_type spatial;

    const lowp vec3 v[1] = lowp vec3[1] ( vec3(0, 0, 1) );

    void fragment() {
      ALBEDO = v[0];
    }

.. note::

    Global arrays have to be declared as global constants, otherwise they can be declared the same as local arrays.

Constants
---------

Use the ``const`` keyword before the variable declaration to make that variable immutable, which means that it cannot be modified. All basic types, except samplers can be declared as constants. Accessing and using a constant value is slightly faster than using a uniform. Constants must be initialized at their declaration.

.. code-block:: glsl

    const vec2 a = vec2(0.0, 1.0);
    vec2 b;

    a = b; // invalid
    b = a; // valid

Constants cannot be modified and additionally cannot have hints, but multiple of them (if they have the same type) can be declared in a single expression e.g

.. code-block:: glsl

    const vec2 V1 = vec2(1, 1), V2 = vec2(2, 2);

Similar to variables, arrays can also be declared with ``const``.

.. code-block:: glsl

    const float arr[] = { 1.0, 0.5, 0.0 };

    arr[0] = 1.0; // invalid

    COLOR.r = arr[0]; // valid

Constants can be declared both globally (outside of any function) or locally (inside a function).
Global constants are useful when you want to have access to a value throughout your shader that does not need to be modified. Like uniforms, global constants are shared between all shader stages, but they are not accessible outside of the shader.

.. code-block:: glsl

    shader_type spatial;

    const float PI = 3.14159265358979323846;


Structs
-------

Structs are compound types which can be used for better abstraction of shader code. You can declare them at the global scope like:

.. code-block:: glsl

    struct PointLight {
        vec3 position;
        vec3 color;
        float intensity;
    };

After declaration, you can instantiate and initialize them like:

.. code-block:: glsl

    void fragment()
    {
        PointLight light;
        light.position = vec3(0.0);
        light.color = vec3(1.0, 0.0, 0.0);
        light.intensity = 0.5;
    }

Or use struct constructor for same purpose:

.. code-block:: glsl

    PointLight light = PointLight(vec3(0.0), vec3(1.0, 0.0, 0.0), 0.5);

Structs may contain other struct or array, you can also instance them as global constant:

.. code-block:: glsl

    shader_type spatial;

    ...

    struct Scene {
        PointLight lights[2];
    };

    const Scene scene = Scene(PointLight[2](PointLight(vec3(0.0, 0.0, 0.0), vec3(1.0, 0.0, 0.0), 1.0), PointLight(vec3(0.0, 0.0, 0.0), vec3(1.0, 0.0, 0.0), 1.0)));

    void fragment()
    {
        ALBEDO = scene.lights[0].color;
    }

You can also pass them to functions:

.. code-block:: glsl

    shader_type canvas_item;

    ...

    Scene construct_scene(PointLight light1, PointLight light2) {
        return Scene({light1, light2});
    }

    void fragment()
    {
        COLOR.rgb = construct_scene(PointLight(vec3(0.0, 0.0, 0.0), vec3(1.0, 0.0, 0.0), 1.0), PointLight(vec3(0.0, 0.0, 0.0), vec3(1.0, 0.0, 1.0), 1.0)).lights[0].color;
    }

Operators
---------

Godot shading language supports the same set of operators as GLSL ES 3.0. Below is the list of them in precedence order:

+-------------+------------------------+------------------+
| Precedence  | Class                  | Operator         |
+-------------+------------------------+------------------+
| 1 (highest) | parenthetical grouping | **()**           |
+-------------+------------------------+------------------+
| 2           | unary                  | **+, -, !, ~**   |
+-------------+------------------------+------------------+
| 3           | multiplicative         | **/, \*, %**     |
+-------------+------------------------+------------------+
| 4           | additive               | **+, -**         |
+-------------+------------------------+------------------+
| 5           | bit-wise shift         | **<<, >>**       |
+-------------+------------------------+------------------+
| 6           | relational             | **<, >, <=, >=** |
+-------------+------------------------+------------------+
| 7           | equality               | **==, !=**       |
+-------------+------------------------+------------------+
| 8           | bit-wise AND           | **&**            |
+-------------+------------------------+------------------+
| 9           | bit-wise exclusive OR  | **^**            |
+-------------+------------------------+------------------+
| 10          | bit-wise inclusive OR  | **|**            |
+-------------+------------------------+------------------+
| 11          | logical AND            | **&&**           |
+-------------+------------------------+------------------+
| 12 (lowest) | logical inclusive OR   | **||**           |
+-------------+------------------------+------------------+

Flow control
------------

Godot Shading language supports the most common types of flow control:

.. code-block:: glsl

    // if and else
    if (cond) {

    } else {

    }

    // switch
    switch(i) { // signed integer expression
        case -1:
            break;
        case 0:
            return; // break or return
        case 1: // pass-through
        case 2:
            break;
        //...
        default: // optional
            break;
    }

    // for loops
    for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {

    }

    // while
    while (true) {

    }

    // do while
    do {

    } while(true);

Keep in mind that, in modern GPUs, an infinite loop can exist and can freeze your application (including editor).
Godot can't protect you from this, so be careful not to make this mistake!

.. warning::

    When exporting a GLES2 project to HTML5, WebGL 1.0 will be used. WebGL 1.0
    doesn't support dynamic loops, so shaders using those won't work there.

Discarding
----------

Fragment and light functions can use the **discard** keyword. If used, the fragment is discarded and nothing is written.

Functions
---------

It is possible to define functions in a Godot shader. They use the following syntax:

.. code-block:: glsl

    ret_type func_name(args) {
        return ret_type; // if returning a value
    }

    // a more specific example:

    int sum2(int a, int b) {
        return a + b;
    }


You can only use functions that have been defined above (higher in the editor) the function from which you are calling
them.

Function arguments can have special qualifiers:

* **in**: Means the argument is only for reading (default).
* **out**: Means the argument is only for writing.
* **inout**: Means the argument is fully passed via reference.
* **const**: Means the argument is a constant and cannot be changed, may be combined with **in** qualifier.

Example below:

.. code-block:: glsl

    void sum2(int a, int b, inout int result) {
        result = a + b;
    }

Varyings
~~~~~~~~

To send data from the vertex to the fragment processor function, *varyings* are used. They are set
for every primitive vertex in the *vertex processor*, and the value is interpolated for every
pixel in the fragment processor.

.. code-block:: glsl

    shader_type spatial;

    varying vec3 some_color;
    void vertex() {
        some_color = NORMAL; // Make the normal the color.
    }

    void fragment() {
        ALBEDO = some_color;
    }

Varying can also be an array:

.. code-block:: glsl

    shader_type spatial;

    varying float var_arr[3];
    void vertex() {
        var_arr[0] = 1.0;
        var_arr[1] = 0.0;
    }

    void fragment() {
        ALBEDO = vec3(var_arr[0], var_arr[1], var_arr[2]); // red color
    }

Interpolation qualifiers
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

Certain values are interpolated during the shading pipeline. You can modify how these interpolations
are done by using *interpolation qualifiers*.

.. code-block:: glsl

    shader_type spatial;

    varying flat vec3 our_color;

    void vertex() {
        our_color = COLOR.rgb;
    }

    void fragment() {
        ALBEDO = our_color;
    }

There are two possible interpolation qualifiers:

+-------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Qualifier         | Description                                                                     |
+===================+=================================================================================+
| **flat**          | The value is not interpolated.                                                  |
+-------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| **smooth**        | The value is interpolated in a perspective-correct fashion. This is the default.|
+-------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------+


Uniforms
~~~~~~~~

Passing values to shaders is possible. These are global to the whole shader and are called *uniforms*.
When a shader is later assigned to a material, the uniforms will appear as editable parameters in it.
Uniforms can't be written from within the shader.

.. note::
    Uniform arrays are not implemented yet.

.. code-block:: glsl

    shader_type spatial;

    uniform float some_value;

You can set uniforms in the editor in the material. Or you can set them through GDScript:

::

  material.set_shader_param("some_value", some_value)

.. note:: The first argument to ``set_shader_param`` is the name of the uniform in the shader. It
          must match *exactly* to the name of the uniform in the shader or else it will not be recognized.

Any GLSL type except for *void* can be a uniform. Additionally, Godot provides optional shader hints
to make the compiler understand for what the uniform is used.

.. code-block:: glsl

    shader_type spatial;

    uniform vec4 color : hint_color;
    uniform float amount : hint_range(0, 1);
    uniform vec4 other_color : hint_color = vec4(1.0);

It's important to understand that textures that are supplied as color require hints for proper sRGB->linear conversion (i.e. ``hint_albedo``), as Godot's 3D engine renders in linear color space.

Full list of hints below:

+----------------+------------------------------+-------------------------------------+
| Type           | Hint                         | Description                         |
+================+==============================+=====================================+
| **vec4**       | hint_color                   | Used as color                       |
+----------------+------------------------------+-------------------------------------+
| **int, float** | hint_range(min, max[, step]) | Used as range (with min/max/step)   |
+----------------+------------------------------+-------------------------------------+
| **sampler2D**  | hint_albedo                  | Used as albedo color, default white |
+----------------+------------------------------+-------------------------------------+
| **sampler2D**  | hint_black_albedo            | Used as albedo color, default black |
+----------------+------------------------------+-------------------------------------+
| **sampler2D**  | hint_normal                  | Used as normalmap                   |
+----------------+------------------------------+-------------------------------------+
| **sampler2D**  | hint_white                   | As value, default to white.         |
+----------------+------------------------------+-------------------------------------+
| **sampler2D**  | hint_black                   | As value, default to black          |
+----------------+------------------------------+-------------------------------------+
| **sampler2D**  | hint_aniso                   | As flowmap, default to right.       |
+----------------+------------------------------+-------------------------------------+

GDScript uses different variable types than GLSL does, so when passing variables from GDScript
to shaders, Godot converts the type automatically. Below is a table of the corresponding types:

+-----------------+-----------+
| GDScript type   | GLSL type |
+=================+===========+
| **bool**        | **bool**  |
+-----------------+-----------+
| **int**         | **int**   |
+-----------------+-----------+
| **float**       | **float** |
+-----------------+-----------+
| **Vector2**     | **vec2**  |
+-----------------+-----------+
| **Vector3**     | **vec3**  |
+-----------------+-----------+
| **Color**       | **vec4**  |
+-----------------+-----------+
| **Transform**   | **mat4**  |
+-----------------+-----------+
| **Transform2D** | **mat4**  |
+-----------------+-----------+

.. note:: Be careful when setting shader uniforms from GDScript, no error will be thrown if the
          type does not match. Your shader will just exhibit undefined behavior.

Uniforms can also be assigned default values:

.. code-block:: glsl

    shader_type spatial;

    uniform vec4 some_vector = vec4(0.0);
    uniform vec4 some_color : hint_color = vec4(1.0);

Built-in functions
------------------

A large number of built-in functions are supported, conforming to GLSL ES 3.0.
When vec_type (float), vec_int_type, vec_uint_type, vec_bool_type nomenclature is used, it can be scalar or vector.

.. note:: For a list of the functions that are not available in the GLES2 backend, please see the
          :ref:`Differences between GLES2 and GLES3 doc <doc_gles2_gles3_differences>`.

+------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------+
| Function                                                               | Description / Return value                                    |
+========================================================================+===============================================================+
| vec_type **radians** (vec_type degrees)                                | Convert degrees to radians                                    |
+------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------+
| vec_type **degrees** (vec_type radians)                                | Convert radians to degrees                                    |
+------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------+
| vec_type **sin** (vec_type x)                                          | Sine                                                          |
+------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------+
| vec_type **cos** (vec_type x)                                          | Cosine                                                        |
+------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------+
| vec_type **tan** (vec_type x)                                          | Tangent                                                       |
+------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------+
| vec_type **asin** (vec_type x)                                         | Arcsine                                                       |
+------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------+
| vec_type **acos** (vec_type x)                                         | Arccosine                                                     |
+------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------+
| vec_type **atan** (vec_type y_over_x)                                  | Arctangent                                                    |
+------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------+
| vec_type **atan** (vec_type y, vec_type x)                             | Arctangent to convert vector to angle                         |
+------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------+
| vec_type **sinh** (vec_type x)                                         | Hyperbolic sine                                               |
+------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------+
| vec_type **cosh** (vec_type x)                                         | Hyperbolic cosine                                             |
+------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------+
| vec_type **tanh** (vec_type x)                                         | Hyperbolic tangent                                            |
+------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------+
| vec_type **asinh** (vec_type x)                                        | Inverse hyperbolic sine                                       |
+------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------+
| vec_type **acosh** (vec_type x)                                        | Inverse hyperbolic cosine                                     |
+------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------+
| vec_type **atanh** (vec_type x)                                        | Inverse hyperbolic tangent                                    |
+------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------+
| vec_type **pow** (vec_type x, vec_type y)                              | Power (undefined if ``x`` < 0 or if ``x`` = 0 and ``y`` <= 0) |
+------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------+
| vec_type **exp** (vec_type x)                                          | Base-e exponential                                            |
+------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------+
| vec_type **exp2** (vec_type x)                                         | Base-2 exponential                                            |
+------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------+
| vec_type **log** (vec_type x)                                          | Natural logarithm                                             |
+------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------+
| vec_type **log2** (vec_type x)                                         | Base-2 logarithm                                              |
+------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------+
| vec_type **sqrt** (vec_type x)                                         | Square root                                                   |
+------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------+
| vec_type **inversesqrt** (vec_type x)                                  | Inverse square root                                           |
+------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------+
| vec_type **abs** (vec_type x)                                          | Absolute value (returns positive value if negative)           |
+------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------+
| ivec_type **abs** (ivec_type x)                                        | Absolute value (returns positive value if negative)           |
+------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------+
| vec_type **sign** (vec_type x)                                         | Sign (returns ``1.0`` if positive, ``-1.0`` if negative,      |
|                                                                        | ``0.0`` if zero)                                              |
+------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------+
| ivec_type **sign** (ivec_type x)                                       | Sign (returns ``1`` if positive, ``-1`` if negative,          |
|                                                                        | ``0`` if zero)                                                |
+------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------+
| vec_type **floor** (vec_type x)                                        | Round to the integer below                                    |
+------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------+
| vec_type **round** (vec_type x)                                        | Round to the nearest integer                                  |
+------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------+
| vec_type **roundEven** (vec_type x)                                    | Round to the nearest even integer                             |
+------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------+
| vec_type **trunc** (vec_type x)                                        | Truncation                                                    |
+------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------+
| vec_type **ceil** (vec_type x)                                         | Round to the integer above                                    |
+------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------+
| vec_type **fract** (vec_type x)                                        | Fractional                                                    |
+------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------+
| vec_type **mod** (vec_type x, vec_type y)                              | Modulo (division remainder)                                   |
+------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------+
| vec_type **mod** (vec_type x, float y)                                 | Modulo (division remainder)                                   |
+------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------+
| vec_type **modf** (vec_type x, out vec_type i)                         | Fractional of ``x``, with ``i`` as integer part               |
+------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------+
| vec_type  **min** (vec_type a, vec_type b)                             | Lowest value between ``a`` and ``b``                          |
+------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------+
| vec_type  **max** (vec_type a, vec_type b)                             | Highest value between ``a`` and ``b``                         |
+------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------+
| vec_type **clamp** (vec_type x, vec_type min, vec_type max)            | Clamp ``x`` between ``min`` and ``max`` (inclusive)           |
+------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------+
| float **mix** (float a, float b, float c)                              | Linear interpolate between ``a`` and ``b`` by ``c``           |
+------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------+
| vec_type **mix** (vec_type a, vec_type b, float c)                     | Linear interpolate between ``a`` and ``b`` by ``c``           |
|                                                                        | (scalar coefficient)                                          |
+------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------+
| vec_type **mix** (vec_type a, vec_type b, vec_type c)                  | Linear interpolate between ``a`` and ``b`` by ``c``           |
|                                                                        | (vector coefficient)                                          |
+------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------+
| vec_type **mix** (vec_type a, vec_type b, bvec_type c)                 | Linear interpolate between ``a`` and ``b`` by ``c``           |
|                                                                        | (boolean-vector selection)                                    |
+------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------+
| vec_type **fma** (vec_type a, vec_type b, vec_type c)                  | Performs a fused multiply-add operation: ``(a * b + c)``      |
|                                                                        | (faster than doing it manually)                               |
+------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------+
| vec_type **step** (vec_type a, vec_type b)                             | ``b[i] < a[i] ? 0.0 : 1.0``                                   |
+------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------+
| vec_type **step** (float a, vec_type b)                                | ``b[i] < a ? 0.0 : 1.0``                                      |
+------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------+
| vec_type **smoothstep** (vec_type a, vec_type b, vec_type c)           | Hermite interpolate between ``a`` and ``b`` by ``c``          |
+------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------+
| vec_type **smoothstep** (float a, float b, vec_type c)                 | Hermite interpolate between ``a`` and ``b`` by ``c``          |
+------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------+
| bvec_type **isnan** (vec_type x)                                       | Returns ``true`` if scalar or vector component is ``NaN``     |
+------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------+
| bvec_type **isinf** (vec_type x)                                       | Returns ``true`` if scalar or vector component is ``INF``     |
+------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------+
| ivec_type **floatBitsToInt** (vec_type x)                              | Float->Int bit copying, no conversion                         |
+------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------+
| uvec_type **floatBitsToUint** (vec_type x)                             | Float->UInt bit copying, no conversion                        |
+------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------+
| vec_type **intBitsToFloat** (ivec_type x)                              | Int->Float bit copying, no conversion                         |
+------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------+
| vec_type **uintBitsToFloat** (uvec_type x)                             | UInt->Float bit copying, no conversion                        |
+------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------+
| float **length** (vec_type x)                                          | Vector length                                                 |
+------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------+
| float **distance** (vec_type a, vec_type b)                            | Distance between vectors i.e ``length(a - b)``                |
+------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------+
| float **dot** (vec_type a, vec_type b)                                 | Dot product                                                   |
+------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------+
| vec3 **cross** (vec3 a, vec3 b)                                        | Cross product                                                 |
+------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------+
| vec_type **normalize** (vec_type x)                                    | Normalize to unit length                                      |
+------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------+
| vec3 **reflect** (vec3 I, vec3 N)                                      | Reflect                                                       |
+------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------+
| vec3 **refract** (vec3 I, vec3 N, float eta)                           | Refract                                                       |
+------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------+
| vec_type **faceforward** (vec_type N, vec_type I, vec_type Nref)       | If ``dot(Nref, I)`` < 0, return N, otherwise –N               |
+------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------+
| mat_type **matrixCompMult** (mat_type x, mat_type y)                   | Matrix component multiplication                               |
+------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------+
| mat_type **outerProduct** (vec_type column, vec_type row)              | Matrix outer product                                          |
+------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------+
| mat_type **transpose** (mat_type m)                                    | Transpose matrix                                              |
+------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------+
| float **determinant** (mat_type m)                                     | Matrix determinant                                            |
+------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------+
| mat_type **inverse** (mat_type m)                                      | Inverse matrix                                                |
+------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------+
| bvec_type **lessThan** (vec_type x, vec_type y)                        | Bool vector comparison on < int/uint/float vectors            |
+------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------+
| bvec_type **greaterThan** (vec_type x, vec_type y)                     | Bool vector comparison on > int/uint/float vectors            |
+------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------+
| bvec_type **lessThanEqual** (vec_type x, vec_type y)                   | Bool vector comparison on <= int/uint/float vectors           |
+------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------+
| bvec_type **greaterThanEqual** (vec_type x, vec_type y)                | Bool vector comparison on >= int/uint/float vectors           |
+------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------+
| bvec_type **equal** (vec_type x, vec_type y)                           | Bool vector comparison on == int/uint/float vectors           |
+------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------+
| bvec_type **notEqual** (vec_type x, vec_type y)                        | Bool vector comparison on != int/uint/float vectors           |
+------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------+
| bool **any** (bvec_type x)                                             | ``true`` if any component is ``true``, ``false`` otherwise    |
+------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------+
| bool **all** (bvec_type x)                                             | ``true`` if all components are ``true``, ``false`` otherwise  |
+------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------+
| bvec_type **not** (bvec_type x)                                        | Invert boolean vector                                         |
+------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------+
| ivec2 **textureSize** (sampler2D_type s, int lod)                      | Get the size of a 2D texture                                  |
+------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------+
| ivec3 **textureSize** (sampler2DArray_type s, int lod)                 | Get the size of a 2D texture array                            |
+------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------+
| ivec3 **textureSize** (sampler3D s, int lod)                           | Get the size of a 3D texture                                  |
+------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------+
| ivec2 **textureSize** (samplerCube s, int lod)                         | Get the size of a cubemap texture                             |
+------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------+
| vec4_type **texture** (sampler2D_type s, vec2 uv [, float bias])       | Perform a 2D texture read                                     |
+------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------+
| vec4_type  **texture** (sampler2DArray_type s, vec3 uv [, float bias]) | Perform a 2D texture array read                               |
+------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------+
| vec4_type  **texture** (sampler3D_type s, vec3 uv [, float bias])      | Perform a 3D texture read                                     |
+------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------+
| vec4 **texture** (samplerCube s, vec3 uv [, float bias])               | Perform a cubemap texture read                                |
+------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------+
| vec4_type **textureProj** (sampler2D_type s, vec3 uv [, float bias])   | Perform a 2D texture read with projection                     |
+------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------+
| vec4_type **textureProj** (sampler2D_type s, vec4 uv [, float bias])   | Perform a 2D texture read with projection                     |
+------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------+
| vec4_type  **textureProj** (sampler3D_type s, vec4 uv [, float bias])  | Perform a 3D texture read with projection                     |
+------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------+
| vec4_type **textureLod** (sampler2D_type s, vec2 uv, float lod)        | Perform a 2D texture read at custom mipmap                    |
+------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------+
| vec4_type **textureLod** (sampler2DArray_type s, vec3 uv, float lod)   | Perform a 2D texture array read at custom mipmap              |
+------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------+
| vec4_type **textureLod** (sampler3D_type s, vec3 uv, float lod)        | Perform a 3D texture read at custom mipmap                    |
+------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------+
| vec4 **textureLod** (samplerCube s, vec3 uv, float lod)                | Perform a 3D texture read at custom mipmap                    |
+------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------+
| vec4_type **textureProjLod** (sampler2D_type s, vec3 uv, float lod)    | Perform a 2D texture read with projection/LOD                 |
+------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------+
| vec4_type **textureProjLod** (sampler2D_type s, vec4 uv, float lod)    | Perform a 2D texture read with projection/LOD                 |
+------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------+
| vec4_type **textureProjLod** (sampler3D_type s, vec4 uv, float lod)    | Perform a 3D texture read with projection/LOD                 |
+------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------+
| vec4_type **texelFetch** (sampler2D_type s, ivec2 uv, int lod)         | Fetch a single texel using integer coordinates                |
+------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------+
| vec4_type **texelFetch** (sampler2DArray_type s, ivec3 uv, int lod)    | Fetch a single texel using integer coordinates                |
+------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------+
| vec4_type **texelFetch** (sampler3D_type s, ivec3 uv, int lod)         | Fetch a single texel using integer coordinates                |
+------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------+
| vec_type **dFdx** (vec_type p)                                         | Derivative in ``x`` using local differencing                  |
+------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------+
| vec_type **dFdy** (vec_type p)                                         | Derivative in ``y`` using local differencing                  |
+------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------+
| vec_type **fwidth** (vec_type p)                                       | Sum of absolute derivative in ``x`` and ``y``                 |
+------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------+