godot-docs/classes/class_vector3.rst

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.. _class_Vector3:

Vector3
=======

**Category:** Built-In Types

Brief Description
-----------------

Vector class, which performs basic 3D vector math operations.

Properties
----------

+---------------------------+------------------------------------+-----+
| :ref:`float<class_float>` | :ref:`x<class_Vector3_property_x>` | 0.0 |
+---------------------------+------------------------------------+-----+
| :ref:`float<class_float>` | :ref:`y<class_Vector3_property_y>` | 0.0 |
+---------------------------+------------------------------------+-----+
| :ref:`float<class_float>` | :ref:`z<class_Vector3_property_z>` | 0.0 |
+---------------------------+------------------------------------+-----+

Methods
-------

+-------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| :ref:`Vector3<class_Vector3>` | :ref:`Vector3<class_Vector3_method_Vector3>` **(** :ref:`float<class_float>` x, :ref:`float<class_float>` y, :ref:`float<class_float>` z **)**                                                                       |
+-------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| :ref:`Vector3<class_Vector3>` | :ref:`abs<class_Vector3_method_abs>` **(** **)**                                                                                                                                                                     |
+-------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| :ref:`float<class_float>`     | :ref:`angle_to<class_Vector3_method_angle_to>` **(** :ref:`Vector3<class_Vector3>` to **)**                                                                                                                          |
+-------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| :ref:`Vector3<class_Vector3>` | :ref:`bounce<class_Vector3_method_bounce>` **(** :ref:`Vector3<class_Vector3>` n **)**                                                                                                                               |
+-------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| :ref:`Vector3<class_Vector3>` | :ref:`ceil<class_Vector3_method_ceil>` **(** **)**                                                                                                                                                                   |
+-------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| :ref:`Vector3<class_Vector3>` | :ref:`cross<class_Vector3_method_cross>` **(** :ref:`Vector3<class_Vector3>` b **)**                                                                                                                                 |
+-------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| :ref:`Vector3<class_Vector3>` | :ref:`cubic_interpolate<class_Vector3_method_cubic_interpolate>` **(** :ref:`Vector3<class_Vector3>` b, :ref:`Vector3<class_Vector3>` pre_a, :ref:`Vector3<class_Vector3>` post_b, :ref:`float<class_float>` t **)** |
+-------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| :ref:`Vector3<class_Vector3>` | :ref:`direction_to<class_Vector3_method_direction_to>` **(** :ref:`Vector3<class_Vector3>` b **)**                                                                                                                   |
+-------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| :ref:`float<class_float>`     | :ref:`distance_squared_to<class_Vector3_method_distance_squared_to>` **(** :ref:`Vector3<class_Vector3>` b **)**                                                                                                     |
+-------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| :ref:`float<class_float>`     | :ref:`distance_to<class_Vector3_method_distance_to>` **(** :ref:`Vector3<class_Vector3>` b **)**                                                                                                                     |
+-------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| :ref:`float<class_float>`     | :ref:`dot<class_Vector3_method_dot>` **(** :ref:`Vector3<class_Vector3>` b **)**                                                                                                                                     |
+-------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| :ref:`Vector3<class_Vector3>` | :ref:`floor<class_Vector3_method_floor>` **(** **)**                                                                                                                                                                 |
+-------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| :ref:`Vector3<class_Vector3>` | :ref:`inverse<class_Vector3_method_inverse>` **(** **)**                                                                                                                                                             |
+-------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| :ref:`bool<class_bool>`       | :ref:`is_normalized<class_Vector3_method_is_normalized>` **(** **)**                                                                                                                                                 |
+-------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| :ref:`float<class_float>`     | :ref:`length<class_Vector3_method_length>` **(** **)**                                                                                                                                                               |
+-------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| :ref:`float<class_float>`     | :ref:`length_squared<class_Vector3_method_length_squared>` **(** **)**                                                                                                                                               |
+-------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| :ref:`Vector3<class_Vector3>` | :ref:`linear_interpolate<class_Vector3_method_linear_interpolate>` **(** :ref:`Vector3<class_Vector3>` b, :ref:`float<class_float>` t **)**                                                                          |
+-------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| :ref:`int<class_int>`         | :ref:`max_axis<class_Vector3_method_max_axis>` **(** **)**                                                                                                                                                           |
+-------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| :ref:`int<class_int>`         | :ref:`min_axis<class_Vector3_method_min_axis>` **(** **)**                                                                                                                                                           |
+-------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| :ref:`Vector3<class_Vector3>` | :ref:`move_toward<class_Vector3_method_move_toward>` **(** :ref:`Vector3<class_Vector3>` to, :ref:`float<class_float>` delta **)**                                                                                   |
+-------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| :ref:`Vector3<class_Vector3>` | :ref:`normalized<class_Vector3_method_normalized>` **(** **)**                                                                                                                                                       |
+-------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| :ref:`Basis<class_Basis>`     | :ref:`outer<class_Vector3_method_outer>` **(** :ref:`Vector3<class_Vector3>` b **)**                                                                                                                                 |
+-------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| :ref:`Vector3<class_Vector3>` | :ref:`project<class_Vector3_method_project>` **(** :ref:`Vector3<class_Vector3>` b **)**                                                                                                                             |
+-------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| :ref:`Vector3<class_Vector3>` | :ref:`reflect<class_Vector3_method_reflect>` **(** :ref:`Vector3<class_Vector3>` n **)**                                                                                                                             |
+-------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| :ref:`Vector3<class_Vector3>` | :ref:`rotated<class_Vector3_method_rotated>` **(** :ref:`Vector3<class_Vector3>` axis, :ref:`float<class_float>` phi **)**                                                                                           |
+-------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| :ref:`Vector3<class_Vector3>` | :ref:`round<class_Vector3_method_round>` **(** **)**                                                                                                                                                                 |
+-------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| :ref:`Vector3<class_Vector3>` | :ref:`slerp<class_Vector3_method_slerp>` **(** :ref:`Vector3<class_Vector3>` b, :ref:`float<class_float>` t **)**                                                                                                    |
+-------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| :ref:`Vector3<class_Vector3>` | :ref:`slide<class_Vector3_method_slide>` **(** :ref:`Vector3<class_Vector3>` n **)**                                                                                                                                 |
+-------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| :ref:`Vector3<class_Vector3>` | :ref:`snapped<class_Vector3_method_snapped>` **(** :ref:`Vector3<class_Vector3>` by **)**                                                                                                                            |
+-------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| :ref:`Basis<class_Basis>`     | :ref:`to_diagonal_matrix<class_Vector3_method_to_diagonal_matrix>` **(** **)**                                                                                                                                       |
+-------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+

Constants
---------

.. _class_Vector3_constant_AXIS_X:

.. _class_Vector3_constant_AXIS_Y:

.. _class_Vector3_constant_AXIS_Z:

.. _class_Vector3_constant_ZERO:

.. _class_Vector3_constant_ONE:

.. _class_Vector3_constant_INF:

.. _class_Vector3_constant_LEFT:

.. _class_Vector3_constant_RIGHT:

.. _class_Vector3_constant_UP:

.. _class_Vector3_constant_DOWN:

.. _class_Vector3_constant_FORWARD:

.. _class_Vector3_constant_BACK:

- **AXIS_X** = **0** --- Enumerated value for the X axis. Returned by :ref:`max_axis<class_Vector3_method_max_axis>` and :ref:`min_axis<class_Vector3_method_min_axis>`.

- **AXIS_Y** = **1** --- Enumerated value for the Y axis.

- **AXIS_Z** = **2** --- Enumerated value for the Z axis.

- **ZERO** = **Vector3( 0, 0, 0 )** --- Zero vector.

- **ONE** = **Vector3( 1, 1, 1 )** --- One vector.

- **INF** = **Vector3( inf, inf, inf )** --- Infinite vector.

- **LEFT** = **Vector3( -1, 0, 0 )** --- Left unit vector.

- **RIGHT** = **Vector3( 1, 0, 0 )** --- Right unit vector.

- **UP** = **Vector3( 0, 1, 0 )** --- Up unit vector.

- **DOWN** = **Vector3( 0, -1, 0 )** --- Down unit vector.

- **FORWARD** = **Vector3( 0, 0, -1 )** --- Forward unit vector.

- **BACK** = **Vector3( 0, 0, 1 )** --- Back unit vector.

Description
-----------

Vector3 is one of the core classes of the engine, and includes several built-in helper functions to perform basic vector math operations.

Tutorials
---------

- :doc:`../tutorials/math/index`

Property Descriptions
---------------------

.. _class_Vector3_property_x:

- :ref:`float<class_float>` **x**

+-----------+-----+
| *Default* | 0.0 |
+-----------+-----+

The vector's X component. Also accessible by using the index position ``[0]``.

.. _class_Vector3_property_y:

- :ref:`float<class_float>` **y**

+-----------+-----+
| *Default* | 0.0 |
+-----------+-----+

The vector's Y component. Also accessible by using the index position ``[1]``.

.. _class_Vector3_property_z:

- :ref:`float<class_float>` **z**

+-----------+-----+
| *Default* | 0.0 |
+-----------+-----+

The vector's Z component. Also accessible by using the index position ``[2]``.

Method Descriptions
-------------------

.. _class_Vector3_method_Vector3:

- :ref:`Vector3<class_Vector3>` **Vector3** **(** :ref:`float<class_float>` x, :ref:`float<class_float>` y, :ref:`float<class_float>` z **)**

Returns a Vector3 with the given components.

.. _class_Vector3_method_abs:

- :ref:`Vector3<class_Vector3>` **abs** **(** **)**

Returns a new vector with all components in absolute values (i.e. positive).

.. _class_Vector3_method_angle_to:

- :ref:`float<class_float>` **angle_to** **(** :ref:`Vector3<class_Vector3>` to **)**

Returns the minimum angle to the given vector.

.. _class_Vector3_method_bounce:

- :ref:`Vector3<class_Vector3>` **bounce** **(** :ref:`Vector3<class_Vector3>` n **)**

Returns the vector "bounced off" from a plane defined by the given normal.

.. _class_Vector3_method_ceil:

- :ref:`Vector3<class_Vector3>` **ceil** **(** **)**

Returns a new vector with all components rounded up.

.. _class_Vector3_method_cross:

- :ref:`Vector3<class_Vector3>` **cross** **(** :ref:`Vector3<class_Vector3>` b **)**

Returns the cross product with ``b``.

.. _class_Vector3_method_cubic_interpolate:

- :ref:`Vector3<class_Vector3>` **cubic_interpolate** **(** :ref:`Vector3<class_Vector3>` b, :ref:`Vector3<class_Vector3>` pre_a, :ref:`Vector3<class_Vector3>` post_b, :ref:`float<class_float>` t **)**

Performs a cubic interpolation between vectors ``pre_a``, ``a``, ``b``, ``post_b`` (``a`` is current), by the given amount ``t``. ``t`` is in the range of ``0.0 - 1.0``, representing the amount of interpolation.

.. _class_Vector3_method_direction_to:

- :ref:`Vector3<class_Vector3>` **direction_to** **(** :ref:`Vector3<class_Vector3>` b **)**

Returns the normalized vector pointing from this vector to ``b``.

.. _class_Vector3_method_distance_squared_to:

- :ref:`float<class_float>` **distance_squared_to** **(** :ref:`Vector3<class_Vector3>` b **)**

Returns the squared distance to ``b``. Prefer this function over :ref:`distance_to<class_Vector3_method_distance_to>` if you need to sort vectors or need the squared distance for some formula.

.. _class_Vector3_method_distance_to:

- :ref:`float<class_float>` **distance_to** **(** :ref:`Vector3<class_Vector3>` b **)**

Returns the distance to ``b``.

.. _class_Vector3_method_dot:

- :ref:`float<class_float>` **dot** **(** :ref:`Vector3<class_Vector3>` b **)**

Returns the dot product with ``b``.

.. _class_Vector3_method_floor:

- :ref:`Vector3<class_Vector3>` **floor** **(** **)**

Returns a new vector with all components rounded down.

.. _class_Vector3_method_inverse:

- :ref:`Vector3<class_Vector3>` **inverse** **(** **)**

Returns the inverse of the vector. This is the same as ``Vector3( 1.0 / v.x, 1.0 / v.y, 1.0 / v.z )``.

.. _class_Vector3_method_is_normalized:

- :ref:`bool<class_bool>` **is_normalized** **(** **)**

Returns ``true`` if the vector is normalized.

.. _class_Vector3_method_length:

- :ref:`float<class_float>` **length** **(** **)**

Returns the vector's length.

.. _class_Vector3_method_length_squared:

- :ref:`float<class_float>` **length_squared** **(** **)**

Returns the vector's length squared. Prefer this function over :ref:`length<class_Vector3_method_length>` if you need to sort vectors or need the squared length for some formula.

.. _class_Vector3_method_linear_interpolate:

- :ref:`Vector3<class_Vector3>` **linear_interpolate** **(** :ref:`Vector3<class_Vector3>` b, :ref:`float<class_float>` t **)**

Returns the result of the linear interpolation between this vector and ``b`` by amount ``t``. ``t`` is in the range of ``0.0 - 1.0``, representing the amount of interpolation..

.. _class_Vector3_method_max_axis:

- :ref:`int<class_int>` **max_axis** **(** **)**

Returns the axis of the vector's largest value. See ``AXIS_*`` constants.

.. _class_Vector3_method_min_axis:

- :ref:`int<class_int>` **min_axis** **(** **)**

Returns the axis of the vector's smallest value. See ``AXIS_*`` constants.

.. _class_Vector3_method_move_toward:

- :ref:`Vector3<class_Vector3>` **move_toward** **(** :ref:`Vector3<class_Vector3>` to, :ref:`float<class_float>` delta **)**

Moves the vector toward ``to`` by the fixed ``delta`` amount.

.. _class_Vector3_method_normalized:

- :ref:`Vector3<class_Vector3>` **normalized** **(** **)**

Returns the vector scaled to unit length. Equivalent to ``v / v.length()``.

.. _class_Vector3_method_outer:

- :ref:`Basis<class_Basis>` **outer** **(** :ref:`Vector3<class_Vector3>` b **)**

Returns the outer product with ``b``.

.. _class_Vector3_method_project:

- :ref:`Vector3<class_Vector3>` **project** **(** :ref:`Vector3<class_Vector3>` b **)**

Returns the vector projected onto the vector ``b``.

.. _class_Vector3_method_reflect:

- :ref:`Vector3<class_Vector3>` **reflect** **(** :ref:`Vector3<class_Vector3>` n **)**

Returns the vector reflected from a plane defined by the given normal.

.. _class_Vector3_method_rotated:

- :ref:`Vector3<class_Vector3>` **rotated** **(** :ref:`Vector3<class_Vector3>` axis, :ref:`float<class_float>` phi **)**

Rotates the vector around a given axis by ``phi`` radians. The axis must be a normalized vector.

.. _class_Vector3_method_round:

- :ref:`Vector3<class_Vector3>` **round** **(** **)**

Returns the vector with all components rounded to the nearest integer, with halfway cases rounded away from zero.

.. _class_Vector3_method_slerp:

- :ref:`Vector3<class_Vector3>` **slerp** **(** :ref:`Vector3<class_Vector3>` b, :ref:`float<class_float>` t **)**

Returns the result of spherical linear interpolation between this vector and ``b``, by amount ``t``. ``t`` is in the range of ``0.0 - 1.0``, representing the amount of interpolation.

**Note:** Both vectors must be normalized.

.. _class_Vector3_method_slide:

- :ref:`Vector3<class_Vector3>` **slide** **(** :ref:`Vector3<class_Vector3>` n **)**

Returns the component of the vector along a plane defined by the given normal.

.. _class_Vector3_method_snapped:

- :ref:`Vector3<class_Vector3>` **snapped** **(** :ref:`Vector3<class_Vector3>` by **)**

Returns a copy of the vector snapped to the lowest neared multiple.

.. _class_Vector3_method_to_diagonal_matrix:

- :ref:`Basis<class_Basis>` **to_diagonal_matrix** **(** **)**

Returns a diagonal matrix with the vector as main diagonal.