COREX Module

Daniel-Constantin Mierla

   <miconda@gmail.com>

Edited by

Daniel-Constantin Mierla

   <miconda@gmail.com>

Muhammad Shahzad Shafi

   <shahzad@voip-demos.com>

   Copyright © 2012 asipto.com
     __________________________________________________________________

   Table of Contents

   1. Admin Guide

        1. Overview
        2. Dependencies

              2.1. Kamailio Modules
              2.2. External Libraries or Applications

        3. Parameters

              3.1. alias_subdomains (string)
              3.2. dns_cache (string)
              3.3. evcb_reply_out (string)
              3.4. nio_intercept (int)
              3.5. nio_min_msg_len (int)
              3.6. nio_msg_avp (string)

        4. Functions

              4.1. append_branch([ uri, [ q ] ])
              4.2. send_udp([ host [ :port ] ])
              4.3. send_tcp([ host [ :port ] ])
              4.4. send_data(uri, data)
              4.5. sendx(uri, sock, data)
              4.6. is_incoming()
              4.7. msg_iflag_set(flagname)
              4.8. msg_iflag_reset(flagname)
              4.9. msg_iflag_is_set(flagname)
              4.10. file_read(fpath, var)
              4.11. file_write(fpath, content)
              4.12. setxflag(flag)
              4.13. isxflagset(flag)
              4.14. resetxflag(flag)
              4.15. set_send_socket(saddr)
              4.16. set_send_socket_name(sname)
              4.17. set_recv_socket(saddr)
              4.18. set_recv_socket_name(sname)
              4.19. set_source_address(saddr)
              4.20. via_add_srvid(flags)
              4.21. via_add_xavp_params(flags)
              4.22. via_use_xavp_fields(flags)
              4.23. via_reply_add_xavp_params(flags)
              4.24. is_faked_msg()
              4.25. is_socket_name(sockname)
              4.26. forward_reply()

        5. RPC Commands

              5.1. corex.debug
              5.2. corex.list_sockets
              5.3. corex.list_aliases
              5.4. corex.shm_status
              5.5. corex.shm_summary
              5.6. corex.pkg_summary
              5.7. corex.shm.info
              5.8. corex.shm.report
              5.9. corex.shm.stats
              5.10. corex.shm.rprint

        6. Event Routes

              6.1. event_route[network:msg]
              6.2. event_route[corex:reply-out]

        7. Examples of Usage

   List of Examples

   1.1. Set alias_subdomains parameter
   1.2. Set dns_cache parameter
   1.3. Set evcb_reply_out parameter
   1.4. Set nio_intercept parameter
   1.5. Set nio_min_msg_len parameter
   1.6. Set nio_msg_avp parameter
   1.7. append_branch usage
   1.8. send_udp usage
   1.9. send_tcp usage
   1.10. send_data usage
   1.11. sendx usage
   1.12. is_incoming usage
   1.13. msg_iflag_set usage
   1.14. msg_iflag_reset usage
   1.15. msg_iflag_is_set usage
   1.16. file_read usage
   1.17. file_write usage
   1.18. setxflag usage
   1.19. isxflagset usage
   1.20. resetxflag usage
   1.21. set_send_socket usage
   1.22. set_send_socket_name usage
   1.23. set_recv_socket usage
   1.24. set_recv_socket_name usage
   1.25. set_source_address usage
   1.26. via_add_srvid usage
   1.27. via_add_xavp_params usage
   1.28. via_use_xavp_fields usage
   1.29. via_reply_add_xavp_params usage
   1.30. is_faked_msg usage
   1.31. is_socket_name usage
   1.32. forward_reply usage
   1.33. event_route[network:msg] use cases
   1.34. Sample PERL code for do_compress and do_uncompress

Chapter 1. Admin Guide

   Table of Contents

   1. Overview
   2. Dependencies

        2.1. Kamailio Modules
        2.2. External Libraries or Applications

   3. Parameters

        3.1. alias_subdomains (string)
        3.2. dns_cache (string)
        3.3. evcb_reply_out (string)
        3.4. nio_intercept (int)
        3.5. nio_min_msg_len (int)
        3.6. nio_msg_avp (string)

   4. Functions

        4.1. append_branch([ uri, [ q ] ])
        4.2. send_udp([ host [ :port ] ])
        4.3. send_tcp([ host [ :port ] ])
        4.4. send_data(uri, data)
        4.5. sendx(uri, sock, data)
        4.6. is_incoming()
        4.7. msg_iflag_set(flagname)
        4.8. msg_iflag_reset(flagname)
        4.9. msg_iflag_is_set(flagname)
        4.10. file_read(fpath, var)
        4.11. file_write(fpath, content)
        4.12. setxflag(flag)
        4.13. isxflagset(flag)
        4.14. resetxflag(flag)
        4.15. set_send_socket(saddr)
        4.16. set_send_socket_name(sname)
        4.17. set_recv_socket(saddr)
        4.18. set_recv_socket_name(sname)
        4.19. set_source_address(saddr)
        4.20. via_add_srvid(flags)
        4.21. via_add_xavp_params(flags)
        4.22. via_use_xavp_fields(flags)
        4.23. via_reply_add_xavp_params(flags)
        4.24. is_faked_msg()
        4.25. is_socket_name(sockname)
        4.26. forward_reply()

   5. RPC Commands

        5.1. corex.debug
        5.2. corex.list_sockets
        5.3. corex.list_aliases
        5.4. corex.shm_status
        5.5. corex.shm_summary
        5.6. corex.pkg_summary
        5.7. corex.shm.info
        5.8. corex.shm.report
        5.9. corex.shm.stats
        5.10. corex.shm.rprint

   6. Event Routes

        6.1. event_route[network:msg]
        6.2. event_route[corex:reply-out]

   7. Examples of Usage

1. Overview

   This module provides reimplementation of a few very old functions that
   used to be in the core and supported only static string or integer
   parameters. The new versions bring support for dynamic parameters
   (allowing variables inside the parameters).

   There are also brand new features, related to core internals, but
   controlled from configuration file or via control interfaces.

   Contributions to this module must be done under the BSD license, to
   follow the requirements of the core contributions.

   This module now also provides access to network input / output (nio)
   data through event_route[network:msg]. The raw data received from a
   remote host or about to be sent to a remote host is available in
   variable $mb. The script writer may manipulate this data and save the
   final result in an AVP defined by msg_avp module parameter. The content
   of this AVP will then be processed by SIP worker as normal, i.e. a
   received message will be parsed and sent to appropriate route block
   while a sent message is forwarded to remote host.

2. Dependencies

   2.1. Kamailio Modules
   2.2. External Libraries or Applications

2.1. Kamailio Modules

   The following modules must be loaded before this module:
     * None.

2.2. External Libraries or Applications

   The following libraries or applications must be installed before
   running Kamailio with this module loaded:
     * None

3. Parameters

   3.1. alias_subdomains (string)
   3.2. dns_cache (string)
   3.3. evcb_reply_out (string)
   3.4. nio_intercept (int)
   3.5. nio_min_msg_len (int)
   3.6. nio_msg_avp (string)

3.1. alias_subdomains (string)

   Register a domain and all its sub-domains to match the “myself”
   condition. It can be set many times. Its full format is:
   'proto:domain:port', allowing to set restrictions on protocol and port
   as well. Protocol and port are optional.

   Default value is “NULL”.

   Example 1.1. Set alias_subdomains parameter
...
modparam("corex", "alias_subdomains", "kamailio.org")
modparam("corex", "alias_subdomains", "udp:sip-router.org:5060")
...

3.2. dns_cache (string)

   Add A or AAAA records to internal DNS cache at startup. It can be set
   many times to add more than one record.

   The format of the value follows the SIP params style:
   "attr1=val1;attr2=val2;...". The attributes can be:
     * type - it can be "A" (IPv4), "AAAA" (IPv6) or "SRV"
     * name - the domain name
     * addr - the IP address
     * ttl - TTL value
     * priority - priority value for SRV record
     * weight - weight value for SRV record
     * port - port value for SRV record
     * flags - can be: 1 - the domain is unresolvable (like blocklisted);
       2 - the record is permanent (never times out, never deleted, never
       overwritten)

   Default value is “NULL”.

   Example 1.2. Set dns_cache parameter
...
modparam("corex", "dns_cache", "type=A;name=kamailio.org;addr=193.22.119.66;ttl=
3600000;flags=0")
modparam("corex", "dns_cache", "type=AAAA;name=kamailio.org;addr=2a00:d60:0:400:
:2;ttl=3600000;flags=0")
...

3.3. evcb_reply_out (string)

   Name of KEMI callback function to be executed instead of
   event_route[corex:reply-out].

   Default value is “NULL”.

   Example 1.3. Set evcb_reply_out parameter
...
modparam("corex", "evcb_reply_out", "ksr_corex_reply_out")
...

3.4. nio_intercept (int)

   If set to non-zero then raw data received from a remote host or about
   to be sent to a remote host is made available in
   event_route[network:msg]. The script writer may modify this and save to
   msg_avp, which will then be processed by SIP worker as normal.

   Default value is 0, i.e. do not allow access to network io data.

   Example 1.4. Set nio_intercept parameter
...
modparam("corex", "nio_intercept", 1)
...

3.5. nio_min_msg_len (int)

   Minimum content length of the packet to execute the
   event_route[network:msg]. This only works if nio_intercept parameter is
   set to non-zero.

   Default value is 0.

   Example 1.5. Set nio_min_msg_len parameter
...
modparam("corex", "nio_min_msg_len", 32)
...

3.6. nio_msg_avp (string)

   AVP name to store modified content to be set in the packet. If not set
   in event_route[network:msg], then all changes are lost and original
   contents are used. This only works if nio_intercept parameter is to set
   non-zero.

   Default value is empty.

   Example 1.6. Set nio_msg_avp parameter
...
modparam("corex", "nio_msg_avp", "$avp(msg)")
...

4. Functions

   4.1. append_branch([ uri, [ q ] ])
   4.2. send_udp([ host [ :port ] ])
   4.3. send_tcp([ host [ :port ] ])
   4.4. send_data(uri, data)
   4.5. sendx(uri, sock, data)
   4.6. is_incoming()
   4.7. msg_iflag_set(flagname)
   4.8. msg_iflag_reset(flagname)
   4.9. msg_iflag_is_set(flagname)
   4.10. file_read(fpath, var)
   4.11. file_write(fpath, content)
   4.12. setxflag(flag)
   4.13. isxflagset(flag)
   4.14. resetxflag(flag)
   4.15. set_send_socket(saddr)
   4.16. set_send_socket_name(sname)
   4.17. set_recv_socket(saddr)
   4.18. set_recv_socket_name(sname)
   4.19. set_source_address(saddr)
   4.20. via_add_srvid(flags)
   4.21. via_add_xavp_params(flags)
   4.22. via_use_xavp_fields(flags)
   4.23. via_reply_add_xavp_params(flags)
   4.24. is_faked_msg()
   4.25. is_socket_name(sockname)
   4.26. forward_reply()

4.1.  append_branch([ uri, [ q ] ])

   Append a new branch to the destination set, useful to build the set of
   destination addresses for parallel forking or redirect replies.

   Both parameters are optional, If no uri parameter is provided, then the
   address from request URI (r-uri) is used to build the new branch.

   Meaning of the parameters is as follows:
     * uri - SIP address of the branch to be used as R-URI in the outgoing
       request.
     * q - the Q value to set the priority of the branch based on Contact
       address specifications

   This function can be used from REQUEST_ROUTE or FAILURE_ROUTE.

   Example 1.7. append_branch usage
...
    append_branch();
    append_branch("$avp(uri)", "0.5");
...

4.2.  send_udp([ host [ :port ] ])

   Send the original SIP message to a specific destination in stateless
   mode. No changes are applied to received message, no Via header is
   added. Host can be an IP address or hostname. Port is optional and
   defaults to 5060. Used protocol: UDP.

   The parameter is optional and defaults to the destination URI from the
   SIP message if left out. Otherwise it's a string parameter (supporting
   pseudo-variables) in format "hostname" or "hostname:port", where
   hostname" can also be a numeric IP address.

   This function can be used from REQUEST_ROUTE or FAILURE_ROUTE.

   Example 1.8. send_udp usage
...
        send_udp();
        send_udp("10.20.15.10");
        send_udp("sip.example.com:5070");
        send_udp("$var(res)");
...

4.3.  send_tcp([ host [ :port ] ])

   This function is identical to send_udp() described above, except that
   it sends the SIP message using the TCP protocol instead of UDP.

   Example 1.9. send_tcp usage
...
        send_tcp();
        send_tcp("10.20.15.10");
        send_tcp("sip.example.com:5070");
        send_tcp("$var(res)");
...

4.4.  send_data(uri, data)

   Send the data to address specified by uri. Both parameters can contain
   pseudo-variables. The uri parameter has to be a valid SIP URI. The data
   parameter can by any arbitrary content.

   This function can be used from ANY_ROUTE.

   Example 1.10. send_data usage
...
        send_data("sip:example.com:5070;transport=sctp", "Message at $Ts");
...

4.5.  sendx(uri, sock, data)

   Send the data to address specified by uri using a specific local
   socket. All parameters can contain pseudo-variables. The uri parameter
   has to be a valid SIP URI. The sock parameter has to be a valid socket
   specifier (like values assigned to $fs). The data parameter can by any
   arbitrary content.

   This function can be used from ANY_ROUTE.

   Example 1.11. sendx usage
...
sendx("sip:example.com:5070;transport=sctp", "sctp:2.3.4.5:5060", "Message at $T
s");
...

4.6.  is_incoming()

   Returns true if contents of message buffer $mb are the data received
   from remote host, otherwise false indicating that the contents of $mb
   are data that is about to be sent out to remote host. This only works
   if nio_intercept parameter is set to non-zero.

   This function can be used from event_route[network:msg].

   Example 1.12. is_incoming usage
...
event_route[network:msg] {
    if (is_incoming()) {
        xlog("L_INFO", "Received message '$mb' \n");
        $avp(msg) = $mb;
    } else {
        xlog("L_INFO", "Sending message '$mb' \n");
        $avp(msg) = $mb;
    };
}
...

4.7.  msg_iflag_set(flagname)

   Set internal SIP message flag. The parameter flagname can be:
   USE_UAC_FROM, USE_UAC_TO or UAC_AUTH.

   This functions should not be used in configuration file for (re)setting
   the internal flags, those are done by various functions internally,
   however, in very particular cases they might be useful (e.g., changing
   From/To via textops functions).

   This function can be used from ANY_ROUTE.

   Example 1.13. msg_iflag_set usage
...
    msg_iflag_set("UAC_AUTH");
...

4.8.  msg_iflag_reset(flagname)

   Reset the internal flag given as parameter.

   This function can be used from ANY_ROUTE.

   Example 1.14. msg_iflag_reset usage
...
    msg_iflag_reset("UAC_AUTH");
...

4.9.  msg_iflag_is_set(flagname)

   Test if the internal flag given as parameter is set.

   This function can be used from ANY_ROUTE.

   Example 1.15. msg_iflag_is_set usage
...
    if(msg_iflag_is_set("UAC_AUTH")) { ... }
...

4.10.  file_read(fpath, var)

   Read content of a text file into a variable.

   This function can be used from ANY_ROUTE.

   Example 1.16. file_read usage
...
if(file_read("/tmp/data.txt", "$var(data)")) { ... }
...

4.11.  file_write(fpath, content)

   Write content of parameter to a text file.

   This function can be used from ANY_ROUTE.

   Example 1.17. file_write usage
...
if(file_write("/tmp/data.txt", "Data is: $var(data)")) { ... }
...

4.12. setxflag(flag)

   Set the extended message (transaction) flag.

   Meaning of the parameters is as follows:
     * flag - the index of the flag to be set. Can be integer or
       pseudo-variable with integer value (range 0-63).

   This function can be used from ANY_ROUTE.

   Example 1.18. setxflag usage
...
setxflag("1");
...
$var(flag) = 11;
setxflag("$var(flag)");
...

4.13. isxflagset(flag)

   Return true if the extended message (transaction) flag is set.

   Meaning of the parameters is as follows:
     * flag - the index of the flag to be tested. Can be integer or
       pseudo-variable with integer value (range 0-63).

   This function can be used from ANY_ROUTE.

   Example 1.19. isxflagset usage
...
if(isxflagset("1"))
{
    ...
}
...

4.14. resetxflag(flag)

   Reset the extended message (transaction) flag.

   Meaning of the parameters is as follows:
     * flag - the index of the flag to be reset. Can be integer or
       pseudo-variable with integer value (range 0-63).

   This function can be used from ANY_ROUTE.

   Example 1.20. resetxflag usage
...
resetxflag("1");
...

4.15. set_send_socket(saddr)

   Set the socket for sending out.

   Meaning of the parameters is as follows:
     * saddr - the address of the local socket (listen address). Can be a
       static string or contain pseudo-variable.

   This function can be used from ANY_ROUTE.

   Example 1.21. set_send_socket usage
...
set_send_socket("udp:127.0.0.1:5060");
...

4.16. set_send_socket_name(sname)

   Set the socket for sending out.

   Meaning of the parameters is as follows:
     * sname - the name of the local socket (listen address). Can be a
       static string or contain pseudo-variable.

   This function can be used from ANY_ROUTE.

   Example 1.22. set_send_socket_name usage
...
set_send_socket_name("sock1");
...

4.17. set_recv_socket(saddr)

   Switch local socket used for receiving the message.

   Meaning of the parameters is as follows:
     * saddr - the address of the local socket (listen address). Can be a
       static string or contain pseudo-variable.

   This function can be used from ANY_ROUTE.

   Example 1.23. set_recv_socket usage
...
set_recv_socket("udp:127.0.0.1:5060");
...

4.18. set_recv_socket_name(sname)

   Switch local socket used for receiving the message.

   Meaning of the parameters is as follows:
     * sname - the name of the local socket (listen address). Can be a
       static string or contain pseudo-variable.

   This function can be used from ANY_ROUTE.

   Example 1.24. set_recv_socket_name usage
...
set_recv_socket_name("sock1");
...

4.19. set_source_address(saddr)

   Set the source address for the message.

   Meaning of the parameters is as follows:
     * saddr - the source address in socket format. Can be a static string
       or contain pseudo-variable.

   This function can be used from ANY_ROUTE.

   Example 1.25. set_source_address usage
...
set_source_address("udp:127.0.0.1:5080");
...

4.20. via_add_srvid(flags)

   Control if srvid parameter is added or not to local Via. If yes, the
   value is server_id, added only if it is different than 0.

   Meaning of the parameters is as follows:
     * flags: 1 - add srvid parameter; 0 - do not add srvid parameter.

   This function can be used from ANY_ROUTE.

   Example 1.26. via_add_srvid usage
...
via_add_srv("1");
...

4.21. via_add_xavp_params(flags)

   Control if fields of the xavp with the name specified by
   xavp_via_params global parameter are added or not to local Via.

   Meaning of the parameters is as follows:
     * flags: 1 - add xavp parameters; 0 - do not add xavp parameters.

   This function can be used from ANY_ROUTE.

   Example 1.27. via_add_xavp_params usage
...
xavp_via_params="xvia"
...
request_route {
    ...
        $xavp(xvia=>srvid) = "1";
        $xavp(xvia[0]=>myval) = "xyz";
    via_add_xavp_params("1");
    ...
}
...

4.22. via_use_xavp_fields(flags)

   Control if fields of the xavp with the name specified by
   xavp_via_fields global parameter are used or not to build local Via.

   Meaning of the parameters is as follows:
     * flags: 1 - use xavp fields; 0 - do not use xavp fields.

   This function can be used from ANY_ROUTE.

   Example 1.28. via_use_xavp_fields usage
...
xavp_via_fields="mvia"
...
request_route {
    ...
        $xavp(mvia=>address) = "10.10.10.10";
        $xavp(mvia[0]=>port) = "5060";
    via_use_xavp_fields("1");
    ...
}
...

4.23. via_reply_add_xavp_params(flags)

   Control if fields of the xavp with the name specified by
   xavp_via_reply_params global parameter are added or not to the top Via
   of replies.

   Meaning of the parameters is as follows:
     * flags: 1 - add xavp parameters; 0 - do not add xavp parameters.

   This function can be used from ANY_ROUTE.

   Example 1.29. via_reply_add_xavp_params usage
...
xavp_via_reply_params="xviarpl"
...
request_route {
    ...
        $xavp(xviarpl=>srvid) = "1";
        $xavp(xviarpl[0]=>myval) = "xyz";
    via_reply_add_xavp_params("1");
    ...
}
...

4.24.  is_faked_msg()

   Returns 1 (native config true) if the SIP message under processing is
   the internal faked msg structure. Returns -1 (native config false) if
   the SIP message under processing is received from the network.

   The function should be useful in event route blocks or async route
   blocks where it can be processed either a message from the network or
   the internal faked message.

   This function can be used in ANY_ROUTE.

   Example 1.30. is_faked_msg usage
...
event_route[dispatcher:dst-down] {
    if (is_faked_msg()) {
        xinfo("Running with faked message\n");
    }
}
...

4.25.  is_socket_name(sockname)

   Returns 1 (native config true) if the parameter matches a local socket
   name, otherwise -1 (native config false). The parameter can contain
   variables.

   This function can be used in ANY_ROUTE.

   Example 1.31. is_socket_name usage
...
    if (is_socket_name("socktls")) {
        xinfo("matched local socket name\n");
    }
...

4.26.  forward_reply()

   Forward received reply on demand.

   This function can be used in CORE_ONREPLY_ROUTE.

   Example 1.32. forward_reply usage
...
route[reply] {
    forward_reply();
}
...

5. RPC Commands

   5.1. corex.debug
   5.2. corex.list_sockets
   5.3. corex.list_aliases
   5.4. corex.shm_status
   5.5. corex.shm_summary
   5.6. corex.pkg_summary
   5.7. corex.shm.info
   5.8. corex.shm.report
   5.9. corex.shm.stats
   5.10. corex.shm.rprint

5.1.  corex.debug

   Set or get the global log level (the value for global parameter
   'debug'). To set the debug, provide an integer parameter. If no
   parameter is provided, then the current value is returned.

   Example:
                kamcmd corex.debug
                kamcmd corex.debug 2

5.2.  corex.list_sockets

   Print the list of sockets the application is listening on.

   Example:
                kamcmd corex.list_sockets

5.3.  corex.list_aliases

   Print the list of hostname aliases used to match the myself condition.

   Example:
                kamcmd corex.list_aliases

5.4.  corex.shm_status

   Trigger shm status dump to syslog.

   Example:
                kamcmd corex.shm_status

5.5.  corex.shm_summary

   Trigger shm summary dump to syslog.

   Example:
                kamcmd corex.shm_summary

5.6.  corex.pkg_summary

   Trigger pkg summary dump to syslog for a specific pid or process index.
   It has two parameters: first to specify what matching type is desired
   (can be 'pid' or 'idx'); second to specify the value for desired match.

   The dump is happening when the selected process is doing a runtime
   handling (e.g., processing a sip message).

   Example:
                kamcmd corex.pkg_summary pid 2345
                kamcmd corex.pkg_summary idx 1

5.7.  corex.shm.info

   Return shared memory manager details.

   Example:
                kamcli rpc shm.info

5.8.  corex.shm.report

   Return shared memory manager usage report.

   Example:
                kamcli rpc shm.report

5.9.  corex.shm.stats

   Return shared memory statistics (values are in bytes).

   Example:
                kamcli rpc shm.stats

5.10.  corex.shm.rprint

   Shared memory usage status report printed to file upon filter match
   with the file of allocation.

   It takes two parameters: the path to file where to write the report;
   the string to match the allocation file (the match is done as value
   included in the path fo the allocation file).

   Example:
                        kamcli rpc shm.rprint /tmp/kamailioshm.txt dns_cache.c

6. Event Routes

   6.1. event_route[network:msg]
   6.2. event_route[corex:reply-out]

6.1.  event_route[network:msg]

   Event route block to be executed when new data is received from network
   or the data that is about to be sent to a remote host by a SIP worker
   process.

   The kamailio script writer can check which type of data triggered this
   event route using is_incoming method.

   After executing of this event route, if msg_avp was defined and set
   then its value is used for further processing, otherwise, original
   value of $mb is used. If message was received from remote host, then it
   is parsed and proceeds to appropriate route. Otherwise if message set
   to send out, then is sent to remote host per configured SIP timers in
   config script.

   Please note this event route is meant to prepare the message for
   on-wire communication, e.g. to do custom encryption or decryption,
   compression/decompression etc. of the message sent to or received from
   remote host. Therefore, except text operations, no module functions or
   pseudo variables are available in this event route.

6.2.  event_route[corex:reply-out]

   Event route block to be executed when a SIP reply is sent out.

7. Examples of Usage

   To use network event_route[network:msg] the remote SIP UA must also
   implement and understand the encoding / decoding done in this event
   route. It is up to Kamailio config script writer to define and
   implement how encoding and decoding is done. Any language module such
   as app_perl or app_lua can be called in in event_route[network:msg] to
   implement desired logic.

   The most simple use case is to compress the SIP packet on-wire. As SIP
   is a text based protocol, so it is highly compressable. Using this
   module, one can compress entire SIP message, including headers and
   message body before sending it to remote host using any compression
   algorithm of choice, thus saving significant bandwidth on mobile data
   networks.

   A useful case is to use this function between SIP edge proxy and SIP
   application server. The SIP messages received from end-user at SIP edge
   proxy may be decrypted and sent to SIP application server at remote
   location unencrypted, where they are processed as normal. One the way
   back, the messages received from SIP application server at edge proxy
   can be encrypted before being sent to actual destination. The edge
   proxy can check whether received message came from end-user or SIP
   application server by using simple regular expressions.

   Another use case is to implement a virtual HTTP tunnel for SIP
   messages. The SIP client app can convert SIP message to binary e.g. by
   doing XOR, Base64 etc., then prepend some fake HTTP headers to make it
   look like an HTTP request before sending it to kamailio over SIP TCP
   socket. At kamailio, the fake headers are removed and data is decoded
   back to normal SIP and processed per config script logic. For the data
   that is to be sent to SIP client app, one can prepend fake HTTP reply
   headers to encoded data before sending it to client app.

   More advance use cases may involve custom encryption algorithms such as
   ITV encryption algorithm, https://github.com/mshary/itv

   For example, the client app running on Android or iPhone, may send
   device UUID along with ITV key, encrypted using RSA or AES256 with
   pre-shared secret, as first packet, which is set as cookie by server in
   e.g. memcache. This cookie is referred by client app in each next
   packet, so server can retrieve encryption key from cache and use that
   for decryption. Same can be done for server at client app side, so
   messages encrypted by server can be decrypted at client app.

   Next is a basic usage example where encoding and decoding is done using
   PERL.

   Example 1.33. event_route[network:msg] use cases
...
loadmodule "app_perl.so"
loadmodule "corex.so"
...
# ----- app_perl params -----
modparam("app_perl", "filename", "/usr/local/etc/kamailio/custom_compress.pl")
modparam("app_perl", "modpath", "/usr/local/lib64/kamailio/perl")

# ----- corex params -----
modparam("corex", "nio_intercept", 32)
modparam("corex", "nio_min_msg_len", 32)
modparam("corex", "nio_msg_avp", "$avp(msg)")
...
event_route[network:msg] {
        if (is_incoming()) {
                if (perl_exec_simple("do_uncompress", "" + $mb + "")) {
                        xlog("L_INFO", "Received message '$avp(msg)' \n");
                } else {
                        xlog("L_INFO", "Received message '$mb' \n");
                        $avp(msg) = $mb;
                };
        } else {
                xlog("L_INFO", "Sending message '$mb' \n");
                if (!perl_exec_simple("do_compress", "" + $mb + "")) {
                        $avp(msg) = $mb;
                };
        };
}
...

   Example 1.34. Sample PERL code for do_compress and do_uncompress
...
use strict;
use warnings;
use IO::Compress::Gzip qw(gzip $GzipError) ;
use IO::Uncompress::Gunzip qw(gunzip $GunzipError) ;

sub do_compress() {
        my $input = shift;
        my $output;

        gzip \$input => \$output
                or eval {
                        Kamailio::log(L_WARN, "GZIP failed: $GzipError\n");
                        $output = $input;
                };

        Kamailio::AVP::add("msg", $output);
}

sub do_uncompress() {
        my $input = shift;
        my $output;

        gunzip \$input => \$output
                or eval {
                        Kamailio::log(L_WARN, "GUNZIP failed: $GzipError\n");
                        $output = $input;
                };

        Kamailio::AVP::add("msg", $output);
}
...
