CartBlanche.MonoGame-Samples/RacingGame/Core/Graphics/BaseGame.cs

//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
// BaseGame.cs
//
// Microsoft XNA Community Game Platform
// Copyright (C) Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.
//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
using Microsoft.Xna.Framework;
using Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Audio;
using Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Content;
using Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Graphics;
using Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Input;
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Threading;
using RacingGame.GameLogic;
using RacingGame.Helpers;
using RacingGame.Properties;
using RacingGame.Shaders;
using RacingGame.Sounds;
#if GAMERSERVICES
using Microsoft.Xna.Framework.GamerServices;
#endif
using RacingGame.GameScreens;

namespace RacingGame.Graphics
{
    /// <summary>
    /// Base game class for all the basic game support.
    /// Connects all our helper classes together and makes our life easier!
    /// Note: This game was designed for 16:9 (e.g. 1920x1200), but it
    /// also works just fine for 4:3 (1024x768, 800x600, etc.).
    /// This is the reason you might see 1024x640 instead of 1024x768 in
    /// some width/height calculations and the UI textures.
    /// The game looks best at 1920x1080 (HDTV 1080p resolution).
    /// </summary>
    public partial class BaseGame : Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Game
    {
        /// <summary>
        /// Background color
        /// </summary>
        private static readonly Color BackgroundColor = Color.Black;
        /// <summary>
        /// Field of view and near and far plane distances for the
        /// ProjectionMatrix creation.
        /// </summary>
        private const float FieldOfView = (float)Math.PI / 2,
            NearPlane = 0.5f,
            FarPlane = 1750;

        /// <summary>
        /// Viewable field of view for object visibility testing (see Model class)
        /// </summary>
        public const float ViewableFieldOfView = FieldOfView / 1.125f;

        // UWP COMMENT OUT
       // public static PlatformID CurrentPlatform = Environment.OSVersion.Platform;

        /// <summary>
        /// Graphics device manager, used for the graphics creation and holds
        /// the GraphicsDevice.
        /// </summary>
        public static GraphicsDeviceManager graphicsManager = null;

        /// <summary>
        /// Content manager
        /// </summary>
        protected static ContentManager content = null;

        /// <summary>
        /// UI Renderer helper class for all 2d rendering.
        /// </summary>
        protected static UIRenderer ui = null;

        /// <summary>
        /// Our screen resolution: Width and height of visible render area.
        /// </summary>
        protected static int width, height;
        /// <summary>
        /// Aspect ratio of our current resolution
        /// </summary>
        private static float aspectRatio = 1.0f;

        /// <summary>
        /// Remember windows title to check if we are in certain unit tests!
        /// </summary>
        private static string remWindowsTitle = "";

        /// <summary>
        /// Get windows title to check if we are in certain unit tests!
        /// </summary>
        public static string WindowsTitle
        {
            get
            {
                return remWindowsTitle;
            }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Line manager 2D
        /// </summary>
        private static LineManager2D lineManager2D = null;
        /// <summary>
        /// Line manager 3D
        /// </summary>
        private static LineManager3D lineManager3D = null;

        /// <summary>
        /// Mesh render manager to render meshes of models in a highly
        /// optimized manner. We don't really have anything stored in here
        /// except for a sorted list on how to render everything based on the
        /// techniques and the materials and links to the renderable meshes.
        /// </summary>
        private static MeshRenderManager meshRenderManager =
            new MeshRenderManager();

        /// <summary>
        /// Matrices for shaders. Used in a similar way than in Rocket Commander,
        /// but since we don't have a fixed function pipeline here we just use
        /// these values in the shader. Make sure to set all matrices before
        /// calling a shader. Inside a shader you have to update the shader
        /// parameter too, just setting the WorldMatrix alone does not work.
        /// </summary>
        private static Matrix worldMatrix,
            viewMatrix,
            projectionMatrix;

        /// <summary>
        /// Light direction, please read matrices info above for more details.
        /// The same things apply here.
        /// </summary>
        private static Vector3 lightDirection = new Vector3(0, 0, 1);

        /// <summary>
        /// Light direction
        /// </summary>
        /// <returns>Vector 3</returns>
        public static Vector3 LightDirection
        {
            get
            {
                return lightDirection;
            }
            set
            {
                lightDirection = value;
                lightDirection.Normalize();
            }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Elapsed time this frame in ms. Always have something valid here
        /// in case we devide through this values!
        /// </summary>
        private static float elapsedTimeThisFrameInMs = 0.001f, totalTimeMs = 0,
            lastFrameTotalTimeMs = 0;

        /// <summary>
        /// Helper for calculating frames per second. 
        /// </summary>
        private static float startTimeThisSecond = 0;

        /// <summary>
        /// For more accurate frames per second calculations,
        /// just count for one second, then fpsLastSecond is updated.
        /// Btw: Start with 1 to help some tests avoid the devide through zero
        /// problem.
        /// </summary>
        private static int
            frameCountThisSecond = 0,
            totalFrameCount = 0,
            fpsLastSecond = 60;

        /// <summary>
        /// Return true every checkMilliseconds.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="checkMilliseconds">Check ms</param>
        /// <returns>Bool</returns>
        public static bool EveryMillisecond(int checkMilliseconds)
        {
            return (int)(lastFrameTotalTimeMs / checkMilliseconds) !=
                (int)(totalTimeMs / checkMilliseconds);
        }

		#if GAMERSERVICES
        private static GamerServicesComponent gamerServicesComponent = null;
        public static GamerServicesComponent GamerServicesComponent
        {
            get { return gamerServicesComponent; }
        }
		#endif
        static public GraphicsDevice Device
        {
            get
            {
                return graphicsManager.GraphicsDevice;
            }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Back buffer depth format
        /// </summary>
        static DepthFormat backBufferDepthFormat = DepthFormat.Depth24;
        /// <summary>
        /// Back buffer depth format
        /// </summary>
        /// <returns>Surface format</returns>
        public static DepthFormat BackBufferDepthFormat
        {
            get
            {
                return backBufferDepthFormat;
            }
        }

        private static bool alreadyCheckedGraphicsOptions = false;

        /// <summary>
        /// Check options and PS version
        /// </summary>
        internal static void CheckOptionsAndPSVersion()
        {
            GraphicsDevice device = Device;

            if (device == null)
                throw new InvalidOperationException("Device is not created yet!");

            alreadyCheckedGraphicsOptions = true;

			usePostScreenShaders = GameSettings.Default.PostScreenEffects;
            //TODO Fix Shadow Maps!
            allowShadowMapping = GameSettings.Default.ShadowMapping;
            highDetail = GameSettings.Default.HighDetail;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Fullscreen
        /// </summary>
        /// <returns>Bool</returns>
        public static bool Fullscreen
        {
            get
            {
                return graphicsManager.IsFullScreen;
            }
        }

        private static bool highDetail = true;
        /// <summary>
        /// High detail
        /// </summary>
        /// <returns>Bool</returns>
        public static bool HighDetail
        {
            get
            {
                if (alreadyCheckedGraphicsOptions == false)
                    CheckOptionsAndPSVersion();

                return highDetail;
            }
        }

        private static bool allowShadowMapping = true;
        /// <summary>
        /// Allow shadow mapping
        /// </summary>
        /// <returns>Bool</returns>
        public static bool AllowShadowMapping
        {
            get
            {
                if (alreadyCheckedGraphicsOptions == false)
                    CheckOptionsAndPSVersion();

                return allowShadowMapping;
            }
        }

        private static bool usePostScreenShaders = false;
        /// <summary>
        /// Use post screen shaders
        /// </summary>
        /// <returns>Bool</returns>
        public static bool UsePostScreenShaders
        {
            get
            {
                //if (alreadyCheckedGraphicsOptions == false)
                //    CheckOptionsAndPSVersion();

                return usePostScreenShaders;
            }
        }

        private static bool mustApplyDeviceChanges = false;
        internal static void ApplyResolutionChange()
        {
            int resolutionWidth = GameSettings.Default == null ? 0 : 
                GameSettings.Default.ResolutionWidth;
            int resolutionHeight = GameSettings.Default == null ? 0 : 
                GameSettings.Default.ResolutionHeight;
            // Use current desktop resolution if autodetect is selected.
            if (resolutionWidth <= 0 ||
                resolutionHeight <= 0)
            {
                resolutionWidth =
                    GraphicsAdapter.DefaultAdapter.CurrentDisplayMode.Width;
                resolutionHeight =
                    GraphicsAdapter.DefaultAdapter.CurrentDisplayMode.Height;
            }

#if XBOX360 || XBOXONE
            // Xbox 360 graphics settings are fixed
            graphicsManager.IsFullScreen = true;
            graphicsManager.PreferredBackBufferWidth =
                GraphicsAdapter.DefaultAdapter.CurrentDisplayMode.Width;
            graphicsManager.PreferredBackBufferHeight =
                GraphicsAdapter.DefaultAdapter.CurrentDisplayMode.Height;
#else
            graphicsManager.PreferredBackBufferWidth = resolutionWidth;
            graphicsManager.PreferredBackBufferHeight = resolutionHeight;
			graphicsManager.IsFullScreen = false;//GameSettings.Default.Fullscreen;
			graphicsManager.GraphicsDevice.Viewport = new Viewport (0, 0, resolutionWidth, resolutionHeight);

            mustApplyDeviceChanges = true;
#endif
        }
        /// <summary>
        /// Content
        /// </summary>
        /// <returns>Content manager</returns>
        public new static ContentManager Content
        {
            get
            {
                return content;
            }
        }
        /// <summary>
        /// User interface renderer helper ^^
        /// </summary>
        /// <returns>UIRenderer</returns>
        public static UIRenderer UI
        {
            get
            {
                return ui;
            }
        }
        /// <summary>
        /// Mesh render manager to render meshes of models in a highly
        /// optimized manner.
        /// </summary>
        /// <returns>Mesh render manager</returns>
        public static MeshRenderManager MeshRenderManager
        {
            get
            {
                return meshRenderManager;
            }
        }
        /// <summary>
        /// Width
        /// </summary>
        /// <returns>Int</returns>
        public static int Width
        {
            get
            {
                return width;
            }
        }
        /// <summary>
        /// Height
        /// </summary>
        /// <returns>Int</returns>
        public static int Height
        {
            get
            {
                return height;
            }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Aspect ratio
        /// </summary>
        /// <returns>Float</returns>
        public static float AspectRatio
        {
            get
            {
                return aspectRatio;
            }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Resolution rectangle
        /// </summary>
        /// <returns>Rectangle</returns>
        public static Rectangle ResolutionRect
        {
            get
            {
                return new Rectangle(0, 0, width, height);
            }
        }
        /// <summary>
        /// XToRes helper method to convert 1024x640 to the current
        /// screen resolution. Used to position UI elements.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="xIn1024px">X in 1024px width resolution</param>
        /// <returns>Int</returns>
        public static int XToRes(int xIn1024px)
        {
            return (int)Math.Round(xIn1024px * BaseGame.Width / 1024.0f);
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// YToRes helper method to convert 1024x640 to the current
        /// screen resolution. Used to position UI elements.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="yIn640px">Y in 640px height</param>
        /// <returns>Int</returns>
        public static int YToRes(int yIn640px)
        {
            return (int)Math.Round(yIn640px * BaseGame.Height / 640.0f);
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// YTo res 768
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="yIn768px">Y in 768px</param>
        /// <returns>Int</returns>
        public static int YToRes768(int yIn768px)
        {
            return (int)Math.Round(yIn768px * BaseGame.Height / 768.0f);
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// XTo res 1600
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="xIn1600px">X in 1600px</param>
        /// <returns>Int</returns>
        public static int XToRes1600(int xIn1600px)
        {
            return (int)Math.Round(xIn1600px * BaseGame.Width / 1600.0f);
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// YTo res 1200
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="yIn768px">Y in 1200px</param>
        /// <returns>Int</returns>
        public static int YToRes1200(int yIn1200px)
        {
            return (int)Math.Round(yIn1200px * BaseGame.Height / 1200.0f);
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// XTo res 1400
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="xIn1400px">X in 1400px</param>
        /// <returns>Int</returns>
        public static int XToRes1400(int xIn1400px)
        {
            return (int)Math.Round(xIn1400px * BaseGame.Width / 1400.0f);
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// YTo res 1200
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="yIn1050px">Y in 1050px</param>
        /// <returns>Int</returns>
        public static int YToRes1050(int yIn1050px)
        {
            return (int)Math.Round(yIn1050px * BaseGame.Height / 1050.0f);
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Calc rectangle, helper method to convert from our images (1024)
        /// to the current resolution. Everything will stay in the 16/9
        /// format of the textures.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="x">X</param>
        /// <param name="y">Y</param>
        /// <param name="width">Width</param>
        /// <param name="height">Height</param>
        /// <returns>Rectangle</returns>
        public static Rectangle CalcRectangle(
            int relX, int relY, int relWidth, int relHeight)
        {
            float widthFactor = width / 1024.0f;
            float heightFactor = height / 640.0f;
            return new Rectangle(
                (int)Math.Round(relX * widthFactor),
                (int)Math.Round(relY * heightFactor),
                (int)Math.Round(relWidth * widthFactor),
                (int)Math.Round(relHeight * heightFactor));
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Calc rectangle with bounce effect, same as CalcRectangle, but sizes
        /// the resulting rect up and down depending on the bounceEffect value.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="relX">Rel x</param>
        /// <param name="relY">Rel y</param>
        /// <param name="relWidth">Rel width</param>
        /// <param name="relHeight">Rel height</param>
        /// <param name="bounceEffect">Bounce effect</param>
        /// <returns>Rectangle</returns>
        public static Rectangle CalcRectangleWithBounce(
            int relX, int relY, int relWidth, int relHeight, float bounceEffect)
        {
            float widthFactor = width / 1024.0f;
            float heightFactor = height / 640.0f;
            float middleX = (relX + relWidth / 2) * widthFactor;
            float middleY = (relY + relHeight / 2) * heightFactor;
            float retWidth = relWidth * widthFactor * bounceEffect;
            float retHeight = relHeight * heightFactor * bounceEffect;
            return new Rectangle(
                (int)Math.Round(middleX - retWidth / 2),
                (int)Math.Round(middleY - retHeight / 2),
                (int)Math.Round(retWidth),
                (int)Math.Round(retHeight));
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Calc rectangle, same method as CalcRectangle, but keep the 4 to 3
        /// ratio for the image. The Rect will take same screen space in
        /// 16:9 and 4:3 modes. E.g. Buttons should be displayed this way.
        /// Should be used for 1024px width graphics.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="relX">Rel x</param>
        /// <param name="relY">Rel y</param>
        /// <param name="relWidth">Rel width</param>
        /// <param name="relHeight">Rel height</param>
        /// <returns>Rectangle</returns>
        public static Rectangle CalcRectangleKeep4To3(
            int relX, int relY, int relWidth, int relHeight)
        {
            float widthFactor = width / 1024.0f;
            float heightFactor = height / 768.0f;
            return new Rectangle(
                (int)Math.Round(relX * widthFactor),
                (int)Math.Round(relY * heightFactor),
                (int)Math.Round(relWidth * widthFactor),
                (int)Math.Round(relHeight * heightFactor));
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Calc rectangle, same method as CalcRectangle, but keep the 4 to 3
        /// ratio for the image. The Rect will take same screen space in
        /// 16:9 and 4:3 modes. E.g. Buttons should be displayed this way.
        /// Should be used for 1024px width graphics.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="gfxRect">Gfx rectangle</param>
        /// <returns>Rectangle</returns>
        public static Rectangle CalcRectangleKeep4To3(
            Rectangle gfxRect)
        {
            float widthFactor = width / 1024.0f;
            float heightFactor = height / 768.0f;
            return new Rectangle(
                (int)Math.Round(gfxRect.X * widthFactor),
                (int)Math.Round(gfxRect.Y * heightFactor),
                (int)Math.Round(gfxRect.Width * widthFactor),
                (int)Math.Round(gfxRect.Height * heightFactor));
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Calc rectangle for 1600px width graphics.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="relX">Rel x</param>
        /// <param name="relY">Rel y</param>
        /// <param name="relWidth">Rel width</param>
        /// <param name="relHeight">Rel height</param>
        /// <returns>Rectangle</returns>
        public static Rectangle CalcRectangle1600(
            int relX, int relY, int relWidth, int relHeight)
        {
            float widthFactor = width / 1600.0f;

            float heightFactor = (height / 1200.0f);// / (aspectRatio / (16 / 9));
            return new Rectangle(
                (int)Math.Round(relX * widthFactor),
                (int)Math.Round(relY * heightFactor),
                (int)Math.Round(relWidth * widthFactor),
                (int)Math.Round(relHeight * heightFactor));
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Calc rectangle 2000px, just a helper to scale stuff down
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="relX">Rel x</param>
        /// <param name="relY">Rel y</param>
        /// <param name="relWidth">Rel width</param>
        /// <param name="relHeight">Rel height</param>
        /// <returns>Rectangle</returns>
        public static Rectangle CalcRectangle2000(
            int relX, int relY, int relWidth, int relHeight)
        {
            float widthFactor = width / 2000.0f;
            float heightFactor = (height / 1500.0f);
            return new Rectangle(
                (int)Math.Round(relX * widthFactor),
                (int)Math.Round(relY * heightFactor),
                (int)Math.Round(relWidth * widthFactor),
                (int)Math.Round(relHeight * heightFactor));
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Calc rectangle keep 4 to 3 align bottom
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="relX">Rel x</param>
        /// <param name="relY">Rel y</param>
        /// <param name="relWidth">Rel width</param>
        /// <param name="relHeight">Rel height</param>
        /// <returns>Rectangle</returns>
        public static Rectangle CalcRectangleKeep4To3AlignBottom(
            int relX, int relY, int relWidth, int relHeight)
        {
            float widthFactor = width / 1024.0f;
            float heightFactor16To9 = height / 640.0f;
            float heightFactor4To3 = height / 768.0f;
            return new Rectangle(
                (int)(relX * widthFactor),
                (int)(relY * heightFactor16To9) -
                (int)Math.Round(relHeight * heightFactor4To3),
                (int)Math.Round(relWidth * widthFactor),
                (int)Math.Round(relHeight * heightFactor4To3));
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Calc rectangle keep 4 to 3 align bottom right
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="relX">Rel x</param>
        /// <param name="relY">Rel y</param>
        /// <param name="relWidth">Rel width</param>
        /// <param name="relHeight">Rel height</param>
        /// <returns>Rectangle</returns>
        public static Rectangle CalcRectangleKeep4To3AlignBottomRight(
            int relX, int relY, int relWidth, int relHeight)
        {
            float widthFactor = width / 1024.0f;
            float heightFactor16To9 = height / 640.0f;
            float heightFactor4To3 = height / 768.0f;
            return new Rectangle(
                (int)(relX * widthFactor) -
                (int)Math.Round(relWidth * widthFactor),
                (int)(relY * heightFactor16To9) -
                (int)Math.Round(relHeight * heightFactor4To3),
                (int)Math.Round(relWidth * widthFactor),
                (int)Math.Round(relHeight * heightFactor4To3));
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Calc rectangle centered with given height.
        /// This one uses relX and relY points as the center for our rect.
        /// The relHeight is then calculated and we align everything
        /// with help of gfxRect (determinating the width).
        /// Very useful for buttons, logos and other centered UI textures.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="relX">Rel x</param>
        /// <param name="relY">Rel y</param>
        /// <param name="relHeight">Rel height</param>
        /// <param name="gfxRect">Gfx rectangle</param>
        /// <returns>Rectangle</returns>
        public static Rectangle CalcRectangleCenteredWithGivenHeight(
            int relX, int relY, int relHeight, Rectangle gfxRect)
        {
            float widthFactor = width / 1024.0f;
            float heightFactor = height / 640.0f;
            int rectHeight = (int)Math.Round(relHeight * heightFactor);
            // Keep aspect ratio
            int rectWidth = (int)Math.Round(
                gfxRect.Width * rectHeight / (float)gfxRect.Height);
            return new Rectangle(
                Math.Max(0, (int)Math.Round(relX * widthFactor) - rectWidth / 2),
                Math.Max(0, (int)Math.Round(relY * heightFactor) - rectHeight / 2),
                rectWidth, rectHeight);
        }
        /// <summary>
        /// Fps
        /// </summary>
        /// <returns>Int</returns>
        public static int Fps
        {
            get
            {
                return fpsLastSecond;
            }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Interpolated fps over the last 10 seconds.
        /// Obviously goes down if our framerate is low.
        /// </summary>
        private static float fpsInterpolated = 100.0f;

        /// <summary>
        /// Total frames
        /// </summary>
        /// <returns>Int</returns>
        public static int TotalFrames
        {
            get
            {
                return totalFrameCount;
            }
        }
        /// <summary>
        /// Elapsed time this frame in ms
        /// </summary>
        /// <returns>Int</returns>
        public static float ElapsedTimeThisFrameInMilliseconds
        {
            get
            {
                return elapsedTimeThisFrameInMs;
            }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Total time in seconds
        /// </summary>
        /// <returns>Int</returns>
        public static float TotalTime
        {
            get
            {
                return totalTimeMs / 1000.0f;
            }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Total time ms
        /// </summary>
        /// <returns>Float</returns>
        public static float TotalTimeMilliseconds
        {
            get
            {
                return totalTimeMs;
            }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Move factor per second, when we got 1 fps, this will be 1.0f,
        /// when we got 100 fps, this will be 0.01f.
        /// </summary>
        public static float MoveFactorPerSecond
        {
            get
            {
                return elapsedTimeThisFrameInMs / 1000.0f;
            }
        }
        /// <summary>
        /// World matrix
        /// </summary>
        /// <returns>Matrix</returns>
        public static Matrix WorldMatrix
        {
            get
            {
                return worldMatrix;
            }
            set
            {
                worldMatrix = value;
                // Update worldViewProj here?
            }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// View matrix
        /// </summary>
        /// <returns>Matrix</returns>
        public static Matrix ViewMatrix
        {
            get
            {
                return viewMatrix;
            }
            set
            {
                // Set view matrix, usually only done in ChaseCamera.Update!
                viewMatrix = value;

                // Update camera pos and rotation, used all over the game!
                invViewMatrix = Matrix.Invert(viewMatrix);
                camPos = invViewMatrix.Translation;
                cameraRotation = Vector3.TransformNormal(
                    new Vector3(0, 0, 1), invViewMatrix);
            }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Projection matrix
        /// </summary>
        /// <returns>Matrix</returns>
        public static Matrix ProjectionMatrix
        {
            get
            {
                return projectionMatrix;
            }
            set
            {
                projectionMatrix = value;
                // Update worldViewProj here?
            }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Camera pos, updated each frame in ViewMatrix!
        /// Public to allow easy access from everywhere, will be called a lot each
        /// frame, for example Model.Render uses this for distance checks.
        /// </summary>
        private static Vector3 camPos;

        /// <summary>
        /// Get camera position from inverse view matrix. Similar to method
        /// used in shader. Works only if ViewMatrix is correctly set.
        /// </summary>
        /// <returns>Vector 3</returns>
        public static Vector3 CameraPos
        {
            get
            {
                return camPos;
            }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Camera rotation, used to compare objects for visibility.
        /// </summary>
        private static Vector3 cameraRotation = new Vector3(0, 0, 1);

        /// <summary>
        /// Camera rotation
        /// </summary>
        /// <returns>Vector 3</returns>
        public static Vector3 CameraRotation
        {
            get
            {
                return cameraRotation;
            }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Remember inverse view matrix.
        /// </summary>
        private static Matrix invViewMatrix;

        /// <summary>
        /// Inverse view matrix
        /// </summary>
        /// <returns>Matrix</returns>
        public static Matrix InverseViewMatrix
        {
            get
            {
                return invViewMatrix;//Matrix.Invert(ViewMatrix);
            }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// View projection matrix
        /// </summary>
        /// <returns>Matrix</returns>
        public static Matrix ViewProjectionMatrix
        {
            get
            {
                return ViewMatrix * ProjectionMatrix;
            }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// World view projection matrix
        /// </summary>
        /// <returns>Matrix</returns>
        public static Matrix WorldViewProjectionMatrix
        {
            get
            {
                return WorldMatrix * ViewMatrix * ProjectionMatrix;
            }
        }
        /// <summary>
        /// Alpha blending
        /// </summary>
        public static void SetAlphaBlendingEnabled(bool value)
        {
            if (value)
            {
                Device.BlendState = BlendState.AlphaBlend;
            }
            else
            {
                Device.BlendState = BlendState.Opaque;
            }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Alpha modes
        /// </summary>
        public enum AlphaMode
        {
            /// <summary>
            /// Disable alpha blending for this (even if the texture has alpha)
            /// </summary>
            DisableAlpha,
            /// <summary>
            /// Default alpha mode: SourceAlpha and InvSourceAlpha, which does
            /// nothing if the texture does not have alpha, else it just displays
            /// it as it is (with transparent pixels).
            /// </summary>
            Default,
            /// <summary>
            /// Use source alpha one mode, this is the default mode for lighting
            /// effects.
            /// </summary>
            SourceAlphaOne,
            /// <summary>
            /// One one alpha mode.
            /// </summary>
            OneOne,
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Current alpha mode
        /// </summary>
        public static void SetCurrentAlphaMode(AlphaMode value)
        {
            switch (value)
            {
                case AlphaMode.DisableAlpha:
                    Device.BlendState = new BlendState()
                    {
                        AlphaSourceBlend = Blend.Zero,
                        AlphaDestinationBlend = Blend.One
                    };
                    break;
                case AlphaMode.Default:
                    Device.BlendState = new BlendState()
                    {
                        AlphaSourceBlend = Blend.SourceAlpha,
                        AlphaDestinationBlend = Blend.InverseSourceAlpha
                    };
                    break;
                case AlphaMode.SourceAlphaOne:
                    Device.BlendState = new BlendState()
                    {
                        AlphaSourceBlend = Blend.SourceAlpha,
                        AlphaDestinationBlend = Blend.One
                    };
                    break;
                case AlphaMode.OneOne:
                    Device.BlendState = new BlendState()
                    {
                        AlphaSourceBlend = Blend.One,
                        AlphaDestinationBlend = Blend.One
                    };
                    break;
            }
        }
        /// <summary>
        /// Create base game
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="setWindowsTitle">Set windows title</param>
        protected BaseGame(string setWindowsTitle)
        {
			#if GAMERSERVICES
            gamerServicesComponent = new GamerServicesComponent(this);
            base.Components.Add(gamerServicesComponent);
			#endif
            // Set graphics
            graphicsManager = new GraphicsDeviceManager(this);
            graphicsManager.GraphicsProfile = GraphicsProfile.HiDef;

            graphicsManager.PreparingDeviceSettings +=
                new EventHandler<PreparingDeviceSettingsEventArgs>(
                    graphics_PrepareDevice);

#if DEBUG
            // Disable vertical retrace to get highest framerates possible for
            // testing performance.
            graphicsManager.SynchronizeWithVerticalRetrace = false;
#endif
            // Update as fast as possible, do not use fixed time steps.
            // The whole game is designed this way, if you remove this line
            // the car will not behave normal anymore!
            this.IsFixedTimeStep = false;

            // Init content manager
            BaseGame.content = base.Content;
            base.Content.RootDirectory = String.Empty;

            // Update windows title (used for unit testing)
            this.Window.Title = setWindowsTitle;
			this.Window.AllowUserResizing = true;
            remWindowsTitle = setWindowsTitle;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Empty constructor for the designer support
        /// </summary>
        protected BaseGame()
            : this("Game")
        {
        }

        void graphics_PrepareDevice(object sender, PreparingDeviceSettingsEventArgs e)
        {
            // UWP COMMENT OUT
//            if (Environment.OSVersion.Platform != PlatformID.Win32NT)
//            {
//                PresentationParameters presentParams =
//                    e.GraphicsDeviceInformation.PresentationParameters;

//                presentParams.RenderTargetUsage = RenderTargetUsage.PlatformContents;
//                if (graphicsManager.PreferredBackBufferHeight == 720)
//                {
//                    presentParams.MultiSampleCount = 4;
//#if !DEBUG
//                    presentParams.PresentationInterval = PresentInterval.One;
//#endif
//                }
//                else
//                {
//                    presentParams.MultiSampleCount = 2;
//#if !DEBUG
//                    presentParams.PresentationInterval = PresentInterval.Two;
//#endif
//                }
//            }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Initialize
        /// </summary>
        protected override void Initialize()
        {
#if !XBOX360
            // Add screenshot capturer. Note: Don't do this in constructor,
            // we need the correct window name for screenshots!
            this.Components.Add(new ScreenshotCapturer(this));
#endif

            base.Initialize();

            GameSettings.Initialize();
            ApplyResolutionChange();

            Sound.SetVolumes(GameSettings.Default.SoundVolume, 
                GameSettings.Default.MusicVolume);
            
            //Init the static screens
            Highscores.Initialize();

            // Replaces static Constructors with simple inits.
            Log.Initialize();

            // Set depth format
            backBufferDepthFormat = graphicsManager.PreferredDepthStencilFormat;

            // Update resolution if it changes
            graphicsManager.DeviceReset += graphics_DeviceReset;
            graphics_DeviceReset(null, EventArgs.Empty);

            // Create matrices for our shaders, this makes it much easier
            // to manage all the required matrices since there is no fixed
            // function support and theirfore no Device.Transform class.
            WorldMatrix = Matrix.Identity;

            // ViewMatrix is updated in camera class
            ViewMatrix = Matrix.CreateLookAt(
                new Vector3(0, 0, 250), Vector3.Zero, Vector3.Up);

            // Projection matrix is set by DeviceReset

            // Init global manager classes, which will be used all over the place ^^
            lineManager2D = new LineManager2D();
            lineManager3D = new LineManager3D();
            ui = new UIRenderer();
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Graphics device reset handler.
        /// </summary>
        void graphics_DeviceReset(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            // Update width and height
            width = Device.Viewport.Width;//Window.ClientBounds.Width;
            height = Device.Viewport.Height;//Window.ClientBounds.Height;
            aspectRatio = (float)width / (float)height;
            ProjectionMatrix = Matrix.CreatePerspectiveFieldOfView(
                FieldOfView, aspectRatio, NearPlane, FarPlane);

            // Re-Set device
            // Restore z buffer state
            BaseGame.Device.DepthStencilState = DepthStencilState.Default;
            // Set u/v addressing back to wrap
            BaseGame.Device.SamplerStates[0] = SamplerState.LinearWrap;
            // Restore normal alpha blending
            BaseGame.SetCurrentAlphaMode(BaseGame.AlphaMode.Default);

            //TODO: AlphaTestEffect
            // Set 128 and greate alpha compare for Model.Render
            //BaseGame.Device.RenderState.ReferenceAlpha = 128;
            //BaseGame.Device.RenderState.AlphaFunction = CompareFunction.Greater;

            // Recreate all render-targets
            foreach (RenderToTexture renderToTexture in remRenderToTextures)
                renderToTexture.HandleDeviceReset();
        }
        /// <summary>
        /// Epsilon (1/1000000) for comparing stuff which is nearly equal.
        /// </summary>
        public const float Epsilon = 0.000001f;

        /// <summary>
        /// Convert 3D vector to 2D vector, this is kinda the oposite of
        /// GetScreenPlaneVector (not shown here). This can be useful for user
        /// input/output, because we will often need the actual position on screen
        /// of an object in 3D space from the users view to handle it the right
        /// way. Used for lens flare and asteroid optimizations.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="point">3D world position</param>
        /// <return>Resulting 2D screen position</return>
        public static Point Convert3DPointTo2D(Vector3 point)
        {
            Vector4 result4 = Vector4.Transform(point,
                ViewProjectionMatrix);

            if (result4.W == 0)
                result4.W = BaseGame.Epsilon;
            Vector3 result = new Vector3(
                result4.X / result4.W,
                result4.Y / result4.W,
                result4.Z / result4.W);

            // Output result from 3D to 2D
            return new Point(
                (int)Math.Round(+result.X * (width / 2)) + (width / 2),
                (int)Math.Round(-result.Y * (height / 2)) + (height / 2));
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Is point in front of camera?
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="point">Position to check.</param>
        /// <returns>Bool</returns>
        public static bool IsInFrontOfCamera(Vector3 point)
        {
            Vector4 result = Vector4.Transform(
                new Vector4(point.X, point.Y, point.Z, 1),
                ViewProjectionMatrix);

            // Is result in front?
            return result.Z > result.W - NearPlane;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Helper to check if a 3d-point is visible on the screen.
        /// Will basically do the same as IsInFrontOfCamera and Convert3DPointTo2D,
        /// but requires less code and is faster. Also returns just an bool.
        /// Will return true if point is visble on screen, false otherwise.
        /// Use the offset parameter to include points into the screen that are
        /// only a couple of pixel outside of it.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="point">Point</param>
        /// <param name="checkOffset">Check offset in percent of total
        /// screen</param>
        /// <returns>Bool</returns>
        public static bool IsVisible(Vector3 point, float checkOffset)
        {
            Vector4 result = Vector4.Transform(
                new Vector4(point.X, point.Y, point.Z, 1),
                ViewProjectionMatrix);

            // Point must be in front of camera, else just skip everything.
            if (result.Z > result.W - NearPlane)
            {
                Vector2 screenPoint = new Vector2(
                    result.X / result.W, result.Y / result.W);

                // Change checkOffset depending on how depth we are into the scene
                // for very near objects (z < 5) pass all tests!
                // for very far objects (z >> 5) only pass if near to +- 1.0f
                float zDist = Math.Abs(result.Z);
                if (zDist < 5.0f)
                    return true;
                checkOffset = 1.0f + (checkOffset / zDist);

                return
                    screenPoint.X >= -checkOffset && screenPoint.X <= +checkOffset &&
                    screenPoint.Y >= -checkOffset && screenPoint.Y <= +checkOffset;
            }

            // Point is not in front of camera, return false.
            return false;
        }
        /// <summary>
        /// Draw line
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="startPoint">Start point</param>
        /// <param name="endPoint">End point</param>
        /// <param name="color">Color</param>
        public static void DrawLine(Point startPoint, Point endPoint, Color color)
        {
            lineManager2D.AddLine(startPoint, endPoint, color);
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Draw line
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="startPoint">Start point</param>
        /// <param name="endPoint">End point</param>
        public static void DrawLine(Point startPoint, Point endPoint)
        {
            lineManager2D.AddLine(startPoint, endPoint, Color.White);
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Draw line
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="startPos">Start position</param>
        /// <param name="endPos">End position</param>
        /// <param name="color">Color</param>
        public static void DrawLine(Vector3 startPos, Vector3 endPos, Color color)
        {
            lineManager3D.AddLine(startPos, endPos, color);
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Draw line
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="startPos">Start position</param>
        /// <param name="endPos">End position</param>
        /// <param name="startColor">Start color</param>
        /// <param name="endColor">End color</param>
        public static void DrawLine(Vector3 startPos, Vector3 endPos,
            Color startColor, Color endColor)
        {
            lineManager3D.AddLine(startPos, startColor, endPos, endColor);
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Draw line
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="startPos">Start position</param>
        /// <param name="endPos">End position</param>
        public static void DrawLine(Vector3 startPos, Vector3 endPos)
        {
            lineManager3D.AddLine(startPos, endPos, Color.White);
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Flush line manager 2D. Renders all lines and allows more lines
        /// to be rendered. Used to render lines into textures and stuff.
        /// </summary>
        public static void FlushLineManager2D()
        {
            lineManager2D.Render();
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Flush line manager 3D. Renders all lines and allows more lines
        /// to be rendered.
        /// </summary>
        public static void FlushLineManager3D()
        {
            lineManager3D.Render();
        }
        /// <summary>
        /// Update
        /// </summary>
        protected override void Update(GameTime gameTime)
        {
            base.Update(gameTime);

            // Update all input states
            Input.Update();

            lastFrameTotalTimeMs = totalTimeMs;
            elapsedTimeThisFrameInMs =
                (float)gameTime.ElapsedGameTime.TotalMilliseconds;
            totalTimeMs += elapsedTimeThisFrameInMs;

            // Make sure elapsedTimeThisFrameInMs is never 0
            if (elapsedTimeThisFrameInMs <= 0)
                elapsedTimeThisFrameInMs = 0.001f;

            // Increase frame counter for FramesPerSecond
            frameCountThisSecond++;
            totalFrameCount++;

            // One second elapsed?
            if (totalTimeMs - startTimeThisSecond > 1000.0f)
            {
                // Calc fps
                fpsLastSecond = (int)(frameCountThisSecond * 1000.0f /
                    (totalTimeMs - startTimeThisSecond));

                // Reset startSecondTick and repaintCountSecond
                startTimeThisSecond = totalTimeMs;
                frameCountThisSecond = 0;

                fpsInterpolated =
                    MathHelper.Lerp(fpsInterpolated, fpsLastSecond, 0.1f);

                // Check out if our framerate is running very low. Then we can improve
                // rendering by reducing the number of objects we draw.
                if (fpsInterpolated < 5)
                    Model.MaxViewDistance = 50;
                else if (fpsInterpolated < 12)
                    Model.MaxViewDistance = 70;
                else if (fpsInterpolated < 16)
                    Model.MaxViewDistance = 90;
                else if (fpsInterpolated < 20)
                    Model.MaxViewDistance = 120;
                else if (fpsInterpolated < 25)
                    Model.MaxViewDistance = 150;
                else if (fpsInterpolated < 30 ||
                    HighDetail == false)
                    Model.MaxViewDistance = 175;
            }

            // Update sound and music
            Sound.Update();
        }
        // Check if app is currently active
        static bool isAppActive = true;
        /// <summary>
        /// Is app active
        /// </summary>
        /// <returns>Bool</returns>
        public static bool IsAppActive
        {
            get
            {
                return isAppActive;
            }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// On activated
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="sender">Sender</param>
        /// <param name="args">Arguments</param>
        protected override void OnActivated(object sender, EventArgs args)
        {
            base.OnActivated(sender, args);
            isAppActive = true;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// On deactivated
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="sender">Sender</param>
        /// <param name="args">Arguments</param>
        protected override void OnDeactivated(object sender, EventArgs args)
        {
            base.OnDeactivated(sender, args);
            isAppActive = false;
        }
#if !DEBUG
        int renderLoopErrorCount = 0;
#endif
        /// <summary>
        /// Draw
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="gameTime">Game time</param>
        protected override void Draw(GameTime gameTime)
        {
			try
			{
				// Clear anyway, makes unit tests easier and fixes problems if
				// we don't have the z buffer cleared (some issues with line
				// rendering might happen else). Performance drop is not significant!
				ClearBackground();

				// Get our sprites ready to draw...
				Texture.additiveSprite.Begin(SpriteSortMode.Deferred, BlendState.Additive);
				Texture.alphaSprite.Begin(SpriteSortMode.Deferred, BlendState.AlphaBlend);

				// Handle custom user render code
				Render();

				// Render all models we remembered this frame.
				meshRenderManager.Render();

				// Render all 3d lines
				lineManager3D.Render();

				// Render UI and font texts, this also handles all collected
				// screen sprites (on top of 3d game code)
				UIRenderer.Render(lineManager2D);

				PostUIRender();

				//Handle drawing the Trophy
				if (RacingGameManager.InGame && RacingGameManager.Player.Victory)
				{
					Texture.alphaSprite.Begin(SpriteSortMode.Deferred, BlendState.AlphaBlend);

					int rank = GameScreens.Highscores.GetRankFromCurrentTime(
						RacingGameManager.Player.LevelNum,
						(int)RacingGameManager.Player.BestTimeMilliseconds);

					// Show one of the trophies
					BaseGame.UI.GetTrophyTexture(
						// Select right one
						rank == 0 ? UIRenderer.TrophyType.Gold :
						rank == 1 ? UIRenderer.TrophyType.Silver :
						UIRenderer.TrophyType.Bronze).
						RenderOnScreen(new Rectangle(
						BaseGame.Width / 2 - BaseGame.Width / 8,
						BaseGame.Height / 2 - BaseGame.YToRes(10),
						BaseGame.Width / 4, BaseGame.Height * 2 / 5));

					Texture.alphaSprite.End();
				}

				ui.RenderTextsAndMouseCursor();
			}
			// Only catch exceptions here in release mode, when debugging
			// we want to see the source of the error. In release mode
			// we want to play and not be annoyed by some bugs ^^
#if !DEBUG
        catch (Exception ex)
        {
            Log.Write("Render loop error: " + ex.ToString());
            if (renderLoopErrorCount++ > 100)
                throw;
        }
#endif
			finally
			{
				// Dummy block to prevent error in debug mode
			}

            base.Draw(gameTime);

            // Apply device changes
            if (mustApplyDeviceChanges)
            {
                graphicsManager.ApplyChanges();
                mustApplyDeviceChanges = false;
            }
        }
        /// <summary>
        /// Render delegate for rendering methods, also used for many other
        /// methods.
        /// </summary>
        public delegate void RenderHandler();

        /// <summary>
        /// Render
        /// </summary>
        protected virtual void Render()
        {

        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Post user interface rendering, in case we need it.
        /// Used for rendering the car selection 3d stuff after the UI.
        /// </summary>
        protected virtual void PostUIRender()
        {
            // Overwrite this for your custom render code ..
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Clear background
        /// </summary>
        public static void ClearBackground()
        {
            //unsure if it clears depth correctly: Device.Clear(BackgroundColor);
            Device.Clear(ClearOptions.Target | ClearOptions.DepthBuffer,
                BackgroundColor, 1.0f, 0);
        }
        /// <summary>
        /// Remember scene render target. This is very important because
        /// for our post screen shaders we have to render our whole scene
        /// to this render target. But in the process we will use many other
        /// shaders and they might set their own render targets and then
        /// reset it, but we need to have this scene still to be set.
        /// Don't reset to the back buffer (with SetRenderTarget(0, null), this
        /// would stop rendering to our scene render target and the post screen
        /// shader will not be able to process our screen.
        /// The whole reason for this is that we can't use StrechRectangle
        /// like in Rocket Commander because XNA does not provide that function
        /// (the reason for that is cross platform compatibility with the XBox360).
        /// Instead we could use ResolveBackBuffer, but that method is VERY SLOW.
        /// Our framerate would drop from 600 fps down to 20, not good.
        /// However, multisampling will not work, so we will disable it anyway!
        /// </summary>
        static RenderTarget2D remSceneRenderTarget = null;
        /// <summary>
        /// Remember the last render target we set, this way we can check
        /// if the rendertarget was set before calling resolve!
        /// </summary>
        static RenderTarget2D lastSetRenderTarget = null;

        /// <summary>
        /// Remember render to texture instances to allow recreating them all
        /// when DeviceReset is called.
        /// </summary>
        static List<RenderToTexture> remRenderToTextures =
            new List<RenderToTexture>();

        /// <summary>
        /// Add render to texture instance to allow recreating them all
        /// when DeviceReset is called with help of the remRenderToTextures list. 
        /// </summary>
        public static void AddRemRenderToTexture(RenderToTexture renderToTexture)
        {
            remRenderToTextures.Add(renderToTexture);
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Current render target we have set, null if it is just the back buffer.
        /// </summary>
        public static RenderTarget2D CurrentRenderTarget
        {
            get
            {
                return lastSetRenderTarget;
            }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Set render target
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="isSceneRenderTarget">Is scene render target</param>
        internal static void SetRenderTarget(RenderTarget2D renderTarget,
            bool isSceneRenderTarget)
        {
            Device.SetRenderTarget(renderTarget);
            if (isSceneRenderTarget)
                remSceneRenderTarget = renderTarget;
            lastSetRenderTarget = renderTarget;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Reset render target
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="fullResetToBackBuffer">Full reset to back buffer</param>
        internal static void ResetRenderTarget(bool fullResetToBackBuffer)
        {
            if (remSceneRenderTarget == null ||
                fullResetToBackBuffer)
            {
                remSceneRenderTarget = null;
                lastSetRenderTarget = null;
                Device.SetRenderTarget(null);
            }
            else
            {
                Device.SetRenderTarget(remSceneRenderTarget);
                lastSetRenderTarget = remSceneRenderTarget;
            }
        }
    }
}