#include "tool_setup.h" #ifndef HAVE_LIBZ /* * NEVER EVER edit this manually, fix the mkhelp.pl script instead! */ #ifdef USE_MANUAL #include "tool_hugehelp.h" void hugehelp(void) { fputs( " _ _ ____ _\n" " Project ___| | | | _ \\| |\n" " / __| | | | |_) | |\n" " | (__| |_| | _ <| |___\n" " \\___|\\___/|_| \\_\\_____|\n" "\n" "NAME\n" " curl - transfer a URL\n" "\n" "SYNOPSIS\n" " curl [options / URLs]\n" "\n" "DESCRIPTION\n" " curl is a tool for transferring data from or to a server. It supports\n" " these protocols: DICT, FILE, FTP, FTPS, GOPHER, GOPHERS, HTTP, HTTPS,\n" , stdout); fputs( " IMAP, IMAPS, LDAP, LDAPS, MQTT, POP3, POP3S, RTMP, RTMPS, RTSP, SCP,\n" " SFTP, SMB, SMBS, SMTP, SMTPS, TELNET or TFTP. The command is designed\n" " to work without user interaction.\n" "\n" " curl offers a busload of useful tricks like proxy support, user authen-\n" " tication, FTP upload, HTTP post, SSL connections, cookies, file trans-\n" " fer resume and more. As you will see below, the number of features will\n" " make your head spin.\n" "\n" , stdout); fputs( " curl is powered by libcurl for all transfer-related features. See\n" " libcurl(3) for details.\n" "\n" "URL\n" " The URL syntax is protocol-dependent. You find a detailed description\n" " in RFC 3986.\n" "\n" " You can specify multiple URLs or parts of URLs by writing part sets\n" " within braces and quoting the URL as in:\n" "\n" " \"http://site.{one,two,three}.com\"\n" "\n" " or you can get sequences of alphanumeric series by using [] as in:\n" "\n" , stdout); fputs( " \"ftp://ftp.example.com/file[1-100].txt\"\n" "\n" " \"ftp://ftp.example.com/file[001-100].txt\" (with leading zeros)\n" "\n" " \"ftp://ftp.example.com/file[a-z].txt\"\n" "\n" " Nested sequences are not supported, but you can use several ones next\n" " to each other:\n" "\n" " \"http://example.com/archive[1996-1999]/vol[1-4]/part{a,b,c}.html\"\n" "\n" " You can specify any amount of URLs on the command line. They will be\n" , stdout); fputs( " fetched in a sequential manner in the specified order. You can specify\n" " command line options and URLs mixed and in any order on the command\n" " line.\n" "\n" " You can specify a step counter for the ranges to get every Nth number\n" " or letter:\n" "\n" " \"http://example.com/file[1-100:10].txt\"\n" "\n" " \"http://example.com/file[a-z:2].txt\"\n" "\n" " When using [] or {} sequences when invoked from a command line prompt,\n" , stdout); fputs( " you probably have to put the full URL within double quotes to avoid the\n" " shell from interfering with it. This also goes for other characters\n" " treated special, like for example '&', '?' and '*'.\n" "\n" " Provide the IPv6 zone index in the URL with an escaped percentage sign\n" " and the interface name. Like in\n" "\n" " \"http://[fe80::3%25eth0]/\"\n" "\n" " If you specify URL without protocol:// prefix, curl will attempt to\n" , stdout); fputs( " guess what protocol you might want. It will then default to HTTP but\n" " try other protocols based on often-used host name prefixes. For exam-\n" " ple, for host names starting with \"ftp.\" curl will assume you want to\n" " speak FTP.\n" "\n" " curl will do its best to use what you pass to it as a URL. It is not\n" " trying to validate it as a syntactically correct URL by any means but\n" " is fairly liberal with what it accepts.\n" "\n" , stdout); fputs( " curl will attempt to re-use connections for multiple file transfers, so\n" " that getting many files from the same server will not do multiple con-\n" " nects / handshakes. This improves speed. Of course this is only done on\n" " files specified on a single command line and cannot be used between\n" " separate curl invocations.\n" "\n" "OUTPUT\n" " If not told otherwise, curl writes the received data to stdout. It can\n" , stdout); fputs( " be instructed to instead save that data into a local file, using the\n" " --output or --remote-name options. If curl is given multiple URLs to\n" " transfer on the command line, it similarly needs multiple options for\n" " where to save them.\n" "\n" " curl does not parse or otherwise \"understand\" the content it gets or\n" " writes as output. It does no encoding or decoding, unless explicitly\n" " asked to with dedicated command line options.\n" "\n" "PROTOCOLS\n" , stdout); fputs( " curl supports numerous protocols, or put in URL terms: schemes. Your\n" " particular build may not support them all.\n" "\n" " DICT Lets you lookup words using online dictionaries.\n" "\n" " FILE Read or write local files. curl does not support accessing\n" " file:// URL remotely, but when running on Microsoft Windows us-\n" " ing the native UNC approach will work.\n" "\n" " FTP(S) curl supports the File Transfer Protocol with a lot of tweaks\n" , stdout); fputs( " and levers. With or without using TLS.\n" "\n" " GOPHER(S)\n" " Retrieve files.\n" "\n" " HTTP(S)\n" " curl supports HTTP with numerous options and variations. It can\n" " speak HTTP version 0.9, 1.0, 1.1, 2 and 3 depending on build op-\n" " tions and the correct command line options.\n" "\n" " IMAP(S)\n" " Using the mail reading protocol, curl can \"download\" emails for\n" " you. With or without using TLS.\n" "\n" " LDAP(S)\n" , stdout); fputs( " curl can do directory lookups for you, with or without TLS.\n" "\n" " MQTT curl supports MQTT version 3. Downloading over MQTT equals \"sub-\n" " scribe\" to a topic while uploading/posting equals \"publish\" on a\n" " topic. MQTT over TLS is not supported (yet).\n" "\n" " POP3(S)\n" " Downloading from a pop3 server means getting a mail. With or\n" " without using TLS.\n" "\n" " RTMP(S)\n" , stdout); fputs( " The Realtime Messaging Protocol is primarily used to server\n" " streaming media and curl can download it.\n" "\n" " RTSP curl supports RTSP 1.0 downloads.\n" "\n" " SCP curl supports SSH version 2 scp transfers.\n" "\n" " SFTP curl supports SFTP (draft 5) done over SSH version 2.\n" "\n" " SMB(S) curl supports SMB version 1 for upload and download.\n" "\n" " SMTP(S)\n" " Uploading contents to an SMTP server means sending an email.\n" , stdout); fputs( " With or without TLS.\n" "\n" " TELNET Telling curl to fetch a telnet URL starts an interactive session\n" " where it sends what it reads on stdin and outputs what the\n" " server sends it.\n" "\n" " TFTP curl can do TFTP downloads and uploads.\n" "\n" "PROGRESS METER\n" " curl normally displays a progress meter during operations, indicating\n" " the amount of transferred data, transfer speeds and estimated time\n" , stdout); fputs( " left, etc. The progress meter displays number of bytes and the speeds\n" " are in bytes per second. The suffixes (k, M, G, T, P) are 1024 based.\n" " For example 1k is 1024 bytes. 1M is 1048576 bytes.\n" "\n" " curl displays this data to the terminal by default, so if you invoke\n" " curl to do an operation and it is about to write data to the terminal,\n" " it disables the progress meter as otherwise it would mess up the output\n" , stdout); fputs( " mixing progress meter and response data.\n" "\n" " If you want a progress meter for HTTP POST or PUT requests, you need to\n" " redirect the response output to a file, using shell redirect (>),\n" " --output or similar.\n" "\n" " This does not apply to FTP upload as that operation does not spit out\n" " any response data to the terminal.\n" "\n" " If you prefer a progress \"bar\" instead of the regular meter,\n" , stdout); fputs( " --progress-bar is your friend. You can also disable the progress meter\n" " completely with the --silent option.\n" "\n" "OPTIONS\n" " Options start with one or two dashes. Many of the options require an\n" " additional value next to them.\n" "\n" " The short \"single-dash\" form of the options, -d for example, may be\n" " used with or without a space between it and its value, although a space\n" " is a recommended separator. The long \"double-dash\" form, --data for ex-\n" , stdout); fputs( " ample, requires a space between it and its value.\n" "\n" " Short version options that do not need any additional values can be\n" " used immediately next to each other, like for example you can specify\n" " all the options -O, -L and -v at once as -OLv.\n" "\n" " In general, all boolean options are enabled with --option and yet again\n" " disabled with --no-option. That is, you use the same option name but\n" , stdout); fputs( " prefix it with \"no-\". However, in this list we mostly only list and\n" " show the --option version of them.\n" "\n" " --abstract-unix-socket \n" " (HTTP) Connect through an abstract Unix domain socket, instead\n" " of using the network. Note: netstat shows the path of an ab-\n" " stract socket prefixed with '@', however the argument\n" " should not have this leading character.\n" "\n" " Example:\n" , stdout); fputs( " curl --abstract-unix-socket socketpath https://example.com\n" "\n" " See also --unix-socket. Added in 7.53.0.\n" "\n" " --alt-svc \n" " (HTTPS) This option enables the alt-svc parser in curl. If the\n" " file name points to an existing alt-svc cache file, that will be\n" " used. After a completed transfer, the cache will be saved to the\n" " file name again if it has been modified.\n" "\n" , stdout); fputs( " Specify a \"\" file name (zero length) to avoid loading/saving and\n" " make curl just handle the cache in memory.\n" "\n" " If this option is used several times, curl will load contents\n" " from all the files but the last one will be used for saving.\n" "\n" " Example:\n" " curl --alt-svc svc.txt https://example.com\n" "\n" " See also --resolve and --connect-to. Added in 7.64.1.\n" "\n" " --anyauth\n" , stdout); fputs( " (HTTP) Tells curl to figure out authentication method by itself,\n" " and use the most secure one the remote site claims to support.\n" " This is done by first doing a request and checking the response-\n" " headers, thus possibly inducing an extra network round-trip.\n" " This is used instead of setting a specific authentication\n" " method, which you can do with --basic, --digest, --ntlm, and\n" , stdout); fputs( " --negotiate.\n" "\n" " Using --anyauth is not recommended if you do uploads from stdin,\n" " since it may require data to be sent twice and then the client\n" " must be able to rewind. If the need should arise when uploading\n" " from stdin, the upload operation will fail.\n" "\n" " Used together with -u, --user.\n" "\n" " Example:\n" " curl --anyauth --user me:pwd https://example.com\n" "\n" , stdout); fputs( " See also --proxy-anyauth, --basic and --digest.\n" "\n" " -a, --append\n" " (FTP SFTP) When used in an upload, this makes curl append to the\n" " target file instead of overwriting it. If the remote file does\n" " not exist, it will be created. Note that this flag is ignored by\n" " some SFTP servers (including OpenSSH).\n" "\n" " Example:\n" " curl --upload-file local --append ftp://example.com/\n" "\n" , stdout); fputs( " See also -r, --range and -C, --continue-at.\n" "\n" " --aws-sigv4 \n" " Use AWS V4 signature authentication in the transfer.\n" "\n" " The provider argument is a string that is used by the algorithm\n" " when creating outgoing authentication headers.\n" "\n" " The region argument is a string that points to a geographic area\n" " of a resources collection (region-code) when the region name is\n" , stdout); fputs( " omitted from the endpoint.\n" "\n" " The service argument is a string that points to a function pro-\n" " vided by a cloud (service-code) when the service name is omitted\n" " from the endpoint.\n" "\n" " Example:\n" " curl --aws-sigv4 \"aws:amz:east-2:es\" --user \"key:secret\" https://example.com\n" "\n" " See also --basic and -u, --user. Added in 7.75.0.\n" "\n" " --basic\n" , stdout); fputs( " (HTTP) Tells curl to use HTTP Basic authentication with the re-\n" " mote host. This is the default and this option is usually point-\n" " less, unless you use it to override a previously set option that\n" " sets a different authentication method (such as --ntlm, --di-\n" " gest, or --negotiate).\n" "\n" " Used together with -u, --user.\n" "\n" " Example:\n" " curl -u name:password --basic https://example.com\n" "\n" , stdout); fputs( " See also --proxy-basic.\n" "\n" " --cacert \n" " (TLS) Tells curl to use the specified certificate file to verify\n" " the peer. The file may contain multiple CA certificates. The\n" " certificate(s) must be in PEM format. Normally curl is built to\n" " use a default file for this, so this option is typically used to\n" " alter that default file.\n" "\n" " curl recognizes the environment variable named 'CURL_CA_BUNDLE'\n" , stdout); fputs( " if it is set, and uses the given path as a path to a CA cert\n" " bundle. This option overrides that variable.\n" "\n" " The windows version of curl will automatically look for a CA\n" " certs file named 'curl-ca-bundle.crt', either in the same direc-\n" " tory as curl.exe, or in the Current Working Directory, or in any\n" " folder along your PATH.\n" "\n" " If curl is built against the NSS SSL library, the NSS PEM\n" , stdout); fputs( " PKCS#11 module (libnsspem.so) needs to be available for this op-\n" " tion to work properly.\n" "\n" " (iOS and macOS only) If curl is built against Secure Transport,\n" " then this option is supported for backward compatibility with\n" " other SSL engines, but it should not be set. If the option is\n" " not set, then curl will use the certificates in the system and\n" , stdout); fputs( " user Keychain to verify the peer, which is the preferred method\n" " of verifying the peer's certificate chain.\n" "\n" " (Schannel only) This option is supported for Schannel in Windows\n" " 7 or later with libcurl 7.60 or later. This option is supported\n" " for backward compatibility with other SSL engines; instead it is\n" " recommended to use Windows' store of root certificates (the de-\n" " fault for Schannel).\n" "\n" , stdout); fputs( " If this option is used several times, the last one will be used.\n" "\n" " Example:\n" " curl --cacert CA-file.txt https://example.com\n" "\n" " See also --capath and -k, --insecure.\n" "\n" " --capath \n" " (TLS) Tells curl to use the specified certificate directory to\n" " verify the peer. Multiple paths can be provided by separating\n" " them with \":\" (e.g. \"path1:path2:path3\"). The certificates must\n" , stdout); fputs( " be in PEM format, and if curl is built against OpenSSL, the di-\n" " rectory must have been processed using the c_rehash utility sup-\n" " plied with OpenSSL. Using --capath can allow OpenSSL-powered\n" " curl to make SSL-connections much more efficiently than using\n" " --cacert if the --cacert file contains many CA certificates.\n" "\n" " If this option is set, the default capath value will be ignored,\n" , stdout); fputs( " and if it is used several times, the last one will be used.\n" "\n" " Example:\n" " curl --capath /local/directory https://example.com\n" "\n" " See also --cacert and -k, --insecure.\n" "\n" " --cert-status\n" " (TLS) Tells curl to verify the status of the server certificate\n" " by using the Certificate Status Request (aka. OCSP stapling) TLS\n" " extension.\n" "\n" , stdout); fputs( " If this option is enabled and the server sends an invalid (e.g.\n" " expired) response, if the response suggests that the server cer-\n" " tificate has been revoked, or no response at all is received,\n" " the verification fails.\n" "\n" " This is currently only implemented in the OpenSSL, GnuTLS and\n" " NSS backends.\n" "\n" " Example:\n" " curl --cert-status https://example.com\n" "\n" , stdout); fputs( " See also --pinnedpubkey. Added in 7.41.0.\n" "\n" " --cert-type \n" " (TLS) Tells curl what type the provided client certificate is\n" " using. PEM, DER, ENG and P12 are recognized types.\n" "\n" " The default type depends on the TLS backend and is usually PEM,\n" " however for Secure Transport and Schannel it is P12. If --cert\n" " is a pkcs11: URI then ENG is the default type.\n" "\n" , stdout); fputs( " If this option is used several times, the last one will be used.\n" "\n" " Example:\n" " curl --cert-type PEM --cert file https://example.com\n" "\n" " See also -E, --cert, --key and --key-type.\n" "\n" " -E, --cert \n" " (TLS) Tells curl to use the specified client certificate file\n" " when getting a file with HTTPS, FTPS or another SSL-based proto-\n" , stdout); fputs( " col. The certificate must be in PKCS#12 format if using Secure\n" " Transport, or PEM format if using any other engine. If the op-\n" " tional password is not specified, it will be queried for on the\n" " terminal. Note that this option assumes a certificate file that\n" " is the private key and the client certificate concatenated. See\n" " --cert and --key to specify them independently.\n" "\n" , stdout); fputs( " In the portion of the argument, you must escape\n" " the character \":\" as \"\\:\" so that it is not recognized as the\n" " password delimiter. Similarly, you must escape the character \"\\\"\n" " as \"\\\\\" so that it is not recognized as an escape character.\n" "\n" " If curl is built against the NSS SSL library then this option\n" " can tell curl the nickname of the certificate to use within the\n" , stdout); fputs( " NSS database defined by the environment variable SSL_DIR (or by\n" " default /etc/pki/nssdb). If the NSS PEM PKCS#11 module (lib-\n" " nsspem.so) is available then PEM files may be loaded.\n" "\n" " If you provide a path relative to the current directory, you\n" " must prefix the path with \"./\" in order to avoid confusion with\n" " an NSS database nickname.\n" "\n" , stdout); fputs( " If curl is built against OpenSSL library, and the engine pkcs11\n" " is available, then a PKCS#11 URI (RFC 7512) can be used to spec-\n" " ify a certificate located in a PKCS#11 device. A string begin-\n" " ning with \"pkcs11:\" will be interpreted as a PKCS#11 URI. If a\n" " PKCS#11 URI is provided, then the --engine option will be set as\n" " \"pkcs11\" if none was provided and the --cert-type option will be\n" , stdout); fputs( " set as \"ENG\" if none was provided.\n" "\n" " (iOS and macOS only) If curl is built against Secure Transport,\n" " then the certificate string can either be the name of a certifi-\n" " cate/private key in the system or user keychain, or the path to\n" " a PKCS#12-encoded certificate and private key. If you want to\n" " use a file from the current directory, please precede it with\n" , stdout); fputs( " \"./\" prefix, in order to avoid confusion with a nickname.\n" "\n" " (Schannel only) Client certificates must be specified by a path\n" " expression to a certificate store. (Loading PFX is not sup-\n" " ported; you can import it to a store first). You can use \"\\\\\" to refer to a certificate\n" " in the system certificates store, for example, \"Curren-\n" , stdout); fputs( " tUser\\MY\\934a7ac6f8a5d579285a74fa61e19f23ddfe8d7a\". Thumbprint\n" " is usually a SHA-1 hex string which you can see in certificate\n" " details. Following store locations are supported: CurrentUser,\n" " LocalMachine, CurrentService, Services, CurrentUserGroupPolicy,\n" " LocalMachineGroupPolicy, LocalMachineEnterprise.\n" "\n" " If this option is used several times, the last one will be used.\n" "\n" " Example:\n" , stdout); fputs( " curl --cert certfile --key keyfile https://example.com\n" "\n" " See also --cert-type, --key and --key-type.\n" "\n" " --ciphers \n" " (TLS) Specifies which ciphers to use in the connection. The list\n" " of ciphers must specify valid ciphers. Read up on SSL cipher\n" " list details on this URL:\n" "\n" " https://curl.se/docs/ssl-ciphers.html\n" "\n" " If this option is used several times, the last one will be used.\n" "\n" , stdout); fputs( " Example:\n" " curl --ciphers ECDHE-ECDSA-AES256-CCM8 https://example.com\n" "\n" " See also --tlsv1.3.\n" "\n" " --compressed-ssh\n" " (SCP SFTP) Enables built-in SSH compression. This is a request,\n" " not an order; the server may or may not do it.\n" "\n" " Example:\n" " curl --compressed-ssh sftp://example.com/\n" "\n" " See also --compressed. Added in 7.56.0.\n" "\n" " --compressed\n" , stdout); fputs( " (HTTP) Request a compressed response using one of the algorithms\n" " curl supports, and automatically decompress the content. Headers\n" " are not modified.\n" "\n" " If this option is used and the server sends an unsupported en-\n" " coding, curl will report an error. This is a request, not an or-\n" " der; the server may or may not deliver data compressed.\n" "\n" " Example:\n" " curl --compressed https://example.com\n" "\n" , stdout); fputs( " See also --compressed-ssh.\n" "\n" " -K, --config \n" " Specify a text file to read curl arguments from. The command\n" " line arguments found in the text file will be used as if they\n" " were provided on the command line.\n" "\n" " Options and their parameters must be specified on the same line\n" " in the file, separated by whitespace, colon, or the equals sign.\n" , stdout); fputs( " Long option names can optionally be given in the config file\n" " without the initial double dashes and if so, the colon or equals\n" " characters can be used as separators. If the option is specified\n" " with one or two dashes, there can be no colon or equals charac-\n" " ter between the option and its parameter.\n" "\n" " If the parameter contains whitespace (or starts with : or =),\n" , stdout); fputs( " the parameter must be enclosed within quotes. Within double\n" " quotes, the following escape sequences are available: \\\\, \\\",\n" " \\t, \\n, \\r and \\v. A backslash preceding any other letter is ig-\n" " nored.\n" "\n" " If the first column of a config line is a '#' character, the\n" " rest of the line will be treated as a comment.\n" "\n" " Only write one option per physical line in the config file.\n" "\n" , stdout); fputs( " Specify the filename to --config as '-' to make curl read the\n" " file from stdin.\n" "\n" " Note that to be able to specify a URL in the config file, you\n" " need to specify it using the --url option, and not by simply\n" " writing the URL on its own line. So, it could look similar to\n" " this:\n" "\n" " url = \"https://curl.se/docs/\"\n" "\n" " # --- Example file ---\n" " # this is a comment\n" , stdout); fputs( " url = \"example.com\"\n" " output = \"curlhere.html\"\n" " user-agent = \"superagent/1.0\"\n" "\n" " # and fetch another URL too\n" " url = \"example.com/docs/manpage.html\"\n" " -O\n" " referer = \"http://nowhereatall.example.com/\"\n" " # --- End of example file ---\n" "\n" " When curl is invoked, it (unless --disable is used) checks for a\n" , stdout); fputs( " default config file and uses it if found, even when --config is\n" " used. The default config file is checked for in the following\n" " places in this order:\n" "\n" " 1) \"$CURL_HOME/.curlrc\"\n" "\n" " 2) \"$XDG_CONFIG_HOME/.curlrc\" (Added in 7.73.0)\n" "\n" " 3) \"$HOME/.curlrc\"\n" "\n" " 4) Windows: \"%USERPROFILE%\\.curlrc\"\n" "\n" " 5) Windows: \"%APPDATA%\\.curlrc\"\n" "\n" " 6) Windows: \"%USERPROFILE%\\Application Data\\.curlrc\"\n" "\n" , stdout); fputs( " 7) Non-Windows: use getpwuid to find the home directory\n" "\n" " 8) On Windows, if it finds no .curlrc file in the sequence de-\n" " scribed above, it checks for one in the same dir the curl exe-\n" " cutable is placed.\n" "\n" " On Windows two filenames are checked per location: .curlrc and\n" " _curlrc, preferring the former. Older versions on Windows\n" " checked for _curlrc only.\n" "\n" , stdout); fputs( " This option can be used multiple times to load multiple config\n" " files.\n" "\n" " Example:\n" " curl --config file.txt https://example.com\n" "\n" " See also -q, --disable.\n" "\n" " --connect-timeout \n" " Maximum time in seconds that you allow curl's connection to\n" " take. This only limits the connection phase, so if curl con-\n" , stdout); fputs( " nects within the given period it will continue - if not it will\n" " exit. Since version 7.32.0, this option accepts decimal values.\n" " If this option is used several times, the last one will be used.\n" "\n" " Examples:\n" " curl --connect-timeout 20 https://example.com\n" " curl --connect-timeout 3.14 https://example.com\n" "\n" " See also -m, --max-time.\n" "\n" " --connect-to \n" "\n" , stdout); fputs( " For a request to the given HOST1:PORT1 pair, connect to\n" " HOST2:PORT2 instead. This option is suitable to direct requests\n" " at a specific server, e.g. at a specific cluster node in a clus-\n" " ter of servers. This option is only used to establish the net-\n" " work connection. It does NOT affect the hostname/port that is\n" " used for TLS/SSL (e.g. SNI, certificate verification) or for the\n" , stdout); fputs( " application protocols. \"HOST1\" and \"PORT1\" may be the empty\n" " string, meaning \"any host/port\". \"HOST2\" and \"PORT2\" may also be\n" " the empty string, meaning \"use the request's original\n" " host/port\".\n" "\n" " A \"host\" specified to this option is compared as a string, so it\n" " needs to match the name used in request URL. It can be either\n" , stdout); fputs( " numerical such as \"127.0.0.1\" or the full host name such as \"ex-\n" " ample.org\".\n" "\n" " This option can be used many times to add many connect rules.\n" "\n" " Example:\n" " curl --connect-to example.com:443:example.net:8443 https://example.com\n" "\n" " See also --resolve and -H, --header. Added in 7.49.0.\n" "\n" " -C, --continue-at \n" " Continue/Resume a previous file transfer at the given offset.\n" , stdout); fputs( " The given offset is the exact number of bytes that will be\n" " skipped, counting from the beginning of the source file before\n" " it is transferred to the destination. If used with uploads, the\n" " FTP server command SIZE will not be used by curl.\n" "\n" " Use \"-C -\" to tell curl to automatically find out where/how to\n" " resume the transfer. It then uses the given output/input files\n" " to figure that out.\n" "\n" , stdout); fputs( " If this option is used several times, the last one will be used.\n" "\n" " Examples:\n" " curl -C - https://example.com\n" " curl -C 400 https://example.com\n" "\n" " See also -r, --range.\n" "\n" " -c, --cookie-jar \n" " (HTTP) Specify to which file you want curl to write all cookies\n" " after a completed operation. Curl writes all cookies from its\n" , stdout); fputs( " in-memory cookie storage to the given file at the end of opera-\n" " tions. If no cookies are known, no data will be written. The\n" " file will be written using the Netscape cookie file format. If\n" " you set the file name to a single dash, \"-\", the cookies will be\n" " written to stdout.\n" "\n" " This command line option will activate the cookie engine that\n" , stdout); fputs( " makes curl record and use cookies. Another way to activate it is\n" " to use the --cookie option.\n" "\n" " If the cookie jar cannot be created or written to, the whole\n" " curl operation will not fail or even report an error clearly.\n" " Using --verbose will get a warning displayed, but that is the\n" " only visible feedback you get about this possibly lethal situa-\n" " tion.\n" "\n" , stdout); fputs( " If this option is used several times, the last specified file\n" " name will be used.\n" "\n" " Examples:\n" " curl -c store-here.txt https://example.com\n" " curl -c store-here.txt -b read-these https://example.com\n" "\n" " See also -b, --cookie.\n" "\n" " -b, --cookie \n" " (HTTP) Pass the data to the HTTP server in the Cookie header. It\n" " is supposedly the data previously received from the server in a\n" , stdout); fputs( " \"Set-Cookie:\" line. The data should be in the format\n" " \"NAME1=VALUE1; NAME2=VALUE2\". This makes curl use the cookie\n" " header with this content explicitly in all outgoing request(s).\n" " If multiple requests are done due to authentication, followed\n" " redirects or similar, they will all get this cookie passed on.\n" "\n" " If no '=' symbol is used in the argument, it is instead treated\n" , stdout); fputs( " as a filename to read previously stored cookie from. This option\n" " also activates the cookie engine which will make curl record in-\n" " coming cookies, which may be handy if you are using this in com-\n" " bination with the --location option or do multiple URL transfers\n" " on the same invoke. If the file name is exactly a minus (\"-\"),\n" " curl will instead read the contents from stdin.\n" "\n" , stdout); fputs( " The file format of the file to read cookies from should be plain\n" " HTTP headers (Set-Cookie style) or the Netscape/Mozilla cookie\n" " file format.\n" "\n" " The file specified with --cookie is only used as input. No cook-\n" " ies will be written to the file. To store cookies, use the\n" " --cookie-jar option.\n" "\n" " If you use the Set-Cookie file format and do not specify a do-\n" , stdout); fputs( " main then the cookie is not sent since the domain will never\n" " match. To address this, set a domain in Set-Cookie line (doing\n" " that will include sub-domains) or preferably: use the Netscape\n" " format.\n" "\n" " This option can be used multiple times.\n" "\n" " Users often want to both read cookies from a file and write up-\n" " dated cookies back to a file, so using both --cookie and\n" , stdout); fputs( " --cookie-jar in the same command line is common.\n" "\n" " Examples:\n" " curl -b cookiefile https://example.com\n" " curl -b cookiefile -c cookiefile https://example.com\n" "\n" " See also -c, --cookie-jar and -j, --junk-session-cookies.\n" "\n" " --create-dirs\n" " When used in conjunction with the --output option, curl will\n" " create the necessary local directory hierarchy as needed. This\n" , stdout); fputs( " option creates the directories mentioned with the --output op-\n" " tion, nothing else. If the --output file name uses no directory,\n" " or if the directories it mentions already exist, no directories\n" " will be created.\n" "\n" " Created dirs are made with mode 0750 on unix style file systems.\n" " To create remote directories when using FTP or SFTP, try --ftp-\n" " create-dirs.\n" "\n" " Example:\n" , stdout); fputs( " curl --create-dirs --output local/dir/file https://example.com\n" "\n" " See also --ftp-create-dirs and --output-dir.\n" "\n" " --create-file-mode \n" " (SFTP SCP FILE) When curl is used to create files remotely using\n" " one of the supported protocols, this option allows the user to\n" " set which 'mode' to set on the file at creation time, instead of\n" " the default 0644.\n" "\n" , stdout); fputs( " This option takes an octal number as argument.\n" "\n" " If this option is used several times, the last one will be used.\n" "\n" " Example:\n" " curl --create-file-mode 0777 -T localfile sftp://example.com/new\n" "\n" " See also --ftp-create-dirs. Added in 7.75.0.\n" "\n" " --crlf (FTP SMTP) Convert LF to CRLF in upload. Useful for MVS\n" " (OS/390).\n" "\n" " (SMTP added in 7.40.0)\n" "\n" " Example:\n" , stdout); fputs( " curl --crlf -T file ftp://example.com/\n" "\n" " See also -B, --use-ascii.\n" "\n" " --crlfile \n" " (TLS) Provide a file using PEM format with a Certificate Revoca-\n" " tion List that may specify peer certificates that are to be con-\n" " sidered revoked.\n" "\n" " If this option is used several times, the last one will be used.\n" "\n" " Example:\n" " curl --crlfile rejects.txt https://example.com\n" "\n" , stdout); fputs( " See also --cacert and --capath.\n" "\n" " --curves \n" " (TLS) Tells curl to request specific curves to use during SSL\n" " session establishment according to RFC 8422, 5.1. Multiple al-\n" " gorithms can be provided by separating them with \":\" (e.g.\n" " \"X25519:P-521\"). The parameter is available identically in the\n" " \"openssl s_client/s_server\" utilities.\n" "\n" , stdout); fputs( " --curves allows a OpenSSL powered curl to make SSL-connections\n" " with exactly the (EC) curve requested by the client, avoiding\n" " nontransparent client/server negotiations.\n" "\n" " If this option is set, the default curves list built into\n" " openssl will be ignored.\n" "\n" " Example:\n" " curl --curves X25519 https://example.com\n" "\n" " See also --ciphers. Added in 7.73.0.\n" "\n" " --data-ascii \n" , stdout); fputs( " (HTTP) This is just an alias for -d, --data.\n" "\n" " Example:\n" " curl --data-ascii @file https://example.com\n" "\n" " See also --data-binary, --data-raw and --data-urlencode.\n" "\n" " --data-binary \n" " (HTTP) This posts data exactly as specified with no extra pro-\n" " cessing whatsoever.\n" "\n" " If you start the data with the letter @, the rest should be a\n" , stdout); fputs( " filename. Data is posted in a similar manner as --data does, ex-\n" " cept that newlines and carriage returns are preserved and con-\n" " versions are never done.\n" "\n" " Like --data the default content-type sent to the server is ap-\n" " plication/x-www-form-urlencoded. If you want the data to be\n" " treated as arbitrary binary data by the server then set the con-\n" , stdout); fputs( " tent-type to octet-stream: -H \"Content-Type: application/octet-\n" " stream\".\n" "\n" " If this option is used several times, the ones following the\n" " first will append data as described in -d, --data.\n" "\n" " Example:\n" " curl --data-binary @filename https://example.com\n" "\n" " See also --data-ascii.\n" "\n" " --data-raw \n" " (HTTP) This posts data similarly to --data but without the spe-\n" , stdout); fputs( " cial interpretation of the @ character.\n" "\n" " Examples:\n" " curl --data-raw \"hello\" https://example.com\n" " curl --data-raw \"@at@at@\" https://example.com\n" "\n" " See also -d, --data. Added in 7.43.0.\n" "\n" " --data-urlencode \n" " (HTTP) This posts data, similar to the other --data options with\n" " the exception that this performs URL-encoding.\n" "\n" , stdout); fputs( " To be CGI-compliant, the part should begin with a name\n" " followed by a separator and a content specification. The \n" " part can be passed to curl using one of the following syntaxes:\n" "\n" " content\n" " This will make curl URL-encode the content and pass that\n" " on. Just be careful so that the content does not contain\n" " any = or @ symbols, as that will then make the syntax\n" , stdout); fputs( " match one of the other cases below!\n" "\n" " =content\n" " This will make curl URL-encode the content and pass that\n" " on. The preceding = symbol is not included in the data.\n" "\n" " name=content\n" " This will make curl URL-encode the content part and pass\n" " that on. Note that the name part is expected to be URL-\n" " encoded already.\n" "\n" " @filename\n" , stdout); fputs( " This will make curl load data from the given file (in-\n" " cluding any newlines), URL-encode that data and pass it\n" " on in the POST.\n" "\n" " name@filename\n" " This will make curl load data from the given file (in-\n" " cluding any newlines), URL-encode that data and pass it\n" " on in the POST. The name part gets an equal sign ap-\n" , stdout); fputs( " pended, resulting in name=urlencoded-file-content. Note\n" " that the name is expected to be URL-encoded already.\n" "\n" " Examples:\n" " curl --data-urlencode name=val https://example.com\n" " curl --data-urlencode =encodethis https://example.com\n" " curl --data-urlencode name@file https://example.com\n" " curl --data-urlencode @fileonly https://example.com\n" "\n" " See also -d, --data and --data-raw.\n" "\n" " -d, --data \n" , stdout); fputs( " (HTTP MQTT) Sends the specified data in a POST request to the\n" " HTTP server, in the same way that a browser does when a user has\n" " filled in an HTML form and presses the submit button. This will\n" " cause curl to pass the data to the server using the content-type\n" " application/x-www-form-urlencoded. Compare to -F, --form.\n" "\n" " --data-raw is almost the same but does not have a special inter-\n" , stdout); fputs( " pretation of the @ character. To post data purely binary, you\n" " should instead use the --data-binary option. To URL-encode the\n" " value of a form field you may use --data-urlencode.\n" "\n" " If any of these options is used more than once on the same com-\n" " mand line, the data pieces specified will be merged with a sepa-\n" " rating &-symbol. Thus, using '-d name=daniel -d skill=lousy'\n" , stdout); fputs( " would generate a post chunk that looks like\n" " 'name=daniel&skill=lousy'.\n" "\n" " If you start the data with the letter @, the rest should be a\n" " file name to read the data from, or - if you want curl to read\n" " the data from stdin. Posting data from a file named 'foobar'\n" " would thus be done with -d, --data @foobar. When --data is told\n" , stdout); fputs( " to read from a file like that, carriage returns and newlines\n" " will be stripped out. If you do not want the @ character to have\n" " a special interpretation use --data-raw instead.\n" "\n" " Examples:\n" " curl -d \"name=curl\" https://example.com\n" " curl -d \"name=curl\" -d \"tool=cmdline\" https://example.com\n" " curl -d @filename https://example.com\n" "\n" , stdout); fputs( " See also --data-binary, --data-urlencode and --data-raw. This\n" " option is mutually exclusive to -F, --form and -I, --head and\n" " -T, --upload-file.\n" "\n" " --delegation \n" " (GSS/kerberos) Set LEVEL to tell the server what it is allowed\n" " to delegate when it comes to user credentials.\n" "\n" " none Do not allow any delegation.\n" "\n" " policy Delegates if and only if the OK-AS-DELEGATE flag is set\n" , stdout); fputs( " in the Kerberos service ticket, which is a matter of\n" " realm policy.\n" "\n" " always Unconditionally allow the server to delegate.\n" "\n" " If this option is used several times, the last one will be used.\n" "\n" " Example:\n" " curl --delegation \"none\" https://example.com\n" "\n" " See also -k, --insecure and --ssl.\n" "\n" " --digest\n" " (HTTP) Enables HTTP Digest authentication. This is an authenti-\n" , stdout); fputs( " cation scheme that prevents the password from being sent over\n" " the wire in clear text. Use this in combination with the normal\n" " --user option to set user name and password.\n" "\n" " If this option is used several times, only the first one is\n" " used.\n" "\n" " Example:\n" " curl -u name:password --digest https://example.com\n" "\n" " See also -u, --user, --proxy-digest and --anyauth. This option\n" , stdout); fputs( " is mutually exclusive to --basic and --ntlm and --negotiate.\n" "\n" " --disable-eprt\n" " (FTP) Tell curl to disable the use of the EPRT and LPRT commands\n" " when doing active FTP transfers. Curl will normally always first\n" " attempt to use EPRT, then LPRT before using PORT, but with this\n" " option, it will use PORT right away. EPRT and LPRT are exten-\n" " sions to the original FTP protocol, and may not work on all\n" , stdout); fputs( " servers, but they enable more functionality in a better way than\n" " the traditional PORT command.\n" "\n" " --eprt can be used to explicitly enable EPRT again and --no-eprt\n" " is an alias for --disable-eprt.\n" "\n" " If the server is accessed using IPv6, this option will have no\n" " effect as EPRT is necessary then.\n" "\n" " Disabling EPRT only changes the active behavior. If you want to\n" , stdout); fputs( " switch to passive mode you need to not use --ftp-port or force\n" " it with --ftp-pasv.\n" "\n" " Example:\n" " curl --disable-eprt ftp://example.com/\n" "\n" " See also --disable-epsv and -P, --ftp-port.\n" "\n" " --disable-epsv\n" " (FTP) Tell curl to disable the use of the EPSV command when do-\n" " ing passive FTP transfers. Curl will normally always first at-\n" , stdout); fputs( " tempt to use EPSV before PASV, but with this option, it will not\n" " try using EPSV.\n" "\n" " --epsv can be used to explicitly enable EPSV again and --no-epsv\n" " is an alias for --disable-epsv.\n" "\n" " If the server is an IPv6 host, this option will have no effect\n" " as EPSV is necessary then.\n" "\n" " Disabling EPSV only changes the passive behavior. If you want to\n" , stdout); fputs( " switch to active mode you need to use -P, --ftp-port.\n" "\n" " Example:\n" " curl --disable-epsv ftp://example.com/\n" "\n" " See also --disable-eprt and -P, --ftp-port.\n" "\n" " -q, --disable\n" " If used as the first parameter on the command line, the curlrc\n" " config file will not be read and used. See the --config for de-\n" " tails on the default config file search path.\n" "\n" " Example:\n" , stdout); fputs( " curl -q https://example.com\n" "\n" " See also -K, --config.\n" "\n" " --disallow-username-in-url\n" " (HTTP) This tells curl to exit if passed a URL containing a\n" " username. This is probably most useful when the URL is being\n" " provided at runtime or similar.\n" "\n" " Example:\n" " curl --disallow-username-in-url https://example.com\n" "\n" " See also --proto. Added in 7.61.0.\n" "\n" " --dns-interface \n" , stdout); fputs( " (DNS) Tell curl to send outgoing DNS requests through . This option is a counterpart to --interface (which does\n" " not affect DNS). The supplied string must be an interface name\n" " (not an address).\n" "\n" " Example:\n" " curl --dns-interface eth0 https://example.com\n" "\n" " See also --dns-ipv4-addr and --dns-ipv6-addr. --dns-interface\n" , stdout); fputs( " requires that the underlying libcurl was built to support c-\n" " ares. Added in 7.33.0.\n" "\n" " --dns-ipv4-addr
\n" " (DNS) Tell curl to bind to when making IPv4 DNS re-\n" " quests, so that the DNS requests originate from this address.\n" " The argument should be a single IPv4 address.\n" "\n" " If this option is used several times, the last one will be used.\n" "\n" " Example:\n" , stdout); fputs( " curl --dns-ipv4-addr 10.1.2.3 https://example.com\n" "\n" " See also --dns-interface and --dns-ipv6-addr. --dns-ipv4-addr\n" " requires that the underlying libcurl was built to support c-\n" " ares. Added in 7.33.0.\n" "\n" " --dns-ipv6-addr
\n" " (DNS) Tell curl to bind to when making IPv6 DNS re-\n" " quests, so that the DNS requests originate from this address.\n" , stdout); fputs( " The argument should be a single IPv6 address.\n" "\n" " If this option is used several times, the last one will be used.\n" "\n" " Example:\n" " curl --dns-ipv6-addr 2a04:4e42::561 https://example.com\n" "\n" " See also --dns-interface and --dns-ipv4-addr. --dns-ipv6-addr\n" " requires that the underlying libcurl was built to support c-\n" " ares. Added in 7.33.0.\n" "\n" " --dns-servers \n" , stdout); fputs( " Set the list of DNS servers to be used instead of the system de-\n" " fault. The list of IP addresses should be separated with com-\n" " mas. Port numbers may also optionally be given as :\n" " after each IP address.\n" "\n" " If this option is used several times, the last one will be used.\n" "\n" " Example:\n" " curl --dns-servers 192.168.0.1,192.168.0.2 https://example.com\n" "\n" , stdout); fputs( " See also --dns-interface and --dns-ipv4-addr. --dns-servers re-\n" " quires that the underlying libcurl was built to support c-ares.\n" " Added in 7.33.0.\n" "\n" " --doh-cert-status\n" " Same as --cert-status but used for DoH (DNS-over-HTTPS).\n" "\n" " Example:\n" " curl --doh-cert-status --doh-url https://doh.example https://example.com\n" "\n" " See also --doh-insecure. Added in 7.76.0.\n" "\n" " --doh-insecure\n" , stdout); fputs( " Same as --insecure but used for DoH (DNS-over-HTTPS).\n" "\n" " Example:\n" " curl --doh-insecure --doh-url https://doh.example https://example.com\n" "\n" " See also --doh-url. Added in 7.76.0.\n" "\n" " --doh-url \n" " Specifies which DNS-over-HTTPS (DoH) server to use to resolve\n" " hostnames, instead of using the default name resolver mechanism.\n" " The URL must be HTTPS.\n" "\n" , stdout); fputs( " Some SSL options that you set for your transfer will apply to\n" " DoH since the name lookups take place over SSL. However, the\n" " certificate verification settings are not inherited and can be\n" " controlled separately via --doh-insecure and --doh-cert-status.\n" "\n" " This option is unset if an empty string \"\" is used as the URL.\n" " (Added in 7.85.0)\n" "\n" , stdout); fputs( " If this option is used several times, the last one will be used.\n" "\n" " Example:\n" " curl --doh-url https://doh.example https://example.com\n" "\n" " See also --doh-insecure. Added in 7.62.0.\n" "\n" " -D, --dump-header \n" " (HTTP FTP) Write the received protocol headers to the specified\n" " file. If no headers are received, the use of this option will\n" " create an empty file.\n" "\n" , stdout); fputs( " When used in FTP, the FTP server response lines are considered\n" " being \"headers\" and thus are saved there.\n" "\n" " If this option is used several times, the last one will be used.\n" "\n" " Example:\n" " curl --dump-header store.txt https://example.com\n" "\n" " See also -o, --output.\n" "\n" " --egd-file \n" " (TLS) Deprecated option. This option is ignored by curl since\n" , stdout); fputs( " 7.84.0. Prior to that it only had an effect on curl if built to\n" " use old versions of OpenSSL.\n" "\n" " Specify the path name to the Entropy Gathering Daemon socket.\n" " The socket is used to seed the random engine for SSL connec-\n" " tions.\n" "\n" " Example:\n" " curl --egd-file /random/here https://example.com\n" "\n" " See also --random-file.\n" "\n" " --engine \n" , stdout); fputs( " (TLS) Select the OpenSSL crypto engine to use for cipher opera-\n" " tions. Use --engine list to print a list of build-time supported\n" " engines. Note that not all (and possibly none) of the engines\n" " may be available at runtime.\n" "\n" " Example:\n" " curl --engine flavor https://example.com\n" "\n" " See also --ciphers and --curves.\n" "\n" " --etag-compare \n" , stdout); fputs( " (HTTP) This option makes a conditional HTTP request for the spe-\n" " cific ETag read from the given file by sending a custom If-None-\n" " Match header using the stored ETag.\n" "\n" " For correct results, make sure that the specified file contains\n" " only a single line with the desired ETag. An empty file is\n" " parsed as an empty ETag.\n" "\n" " Use the option --etag-save to first save the ETag from a re-\n" , stdout); fputs( " sponse, and then use this option to compare against the saved\n" " ETag in a subsequent request.\n" "\n" " Example:\n" " curl --etag-compare etag.txt https://example.com\n" "\n" " See also --etag-save and -z, --time-cond. Added in 7.68.0.\n" "\n" " --etag-save \n" " (HTTP) This option saves an HTTP ETag to the specified file. An\n" " ETag is a caching related header, usually returned in a re-\n" " sponse.\n" "\n" , stdout); fputs( " If no ETag is sent by the server, an empty file is created.\n" "\n" " Example:\n" " curl --etag-save storetag.txt https://example.com\n" "\n" " See also --etag-compare. Added in 7.68.0.\n" "\n" " --expect100-timeout \n" " (HTTP) Maximum time in seconds that you allow curl to wait for a\n" " 100-continue response when curl emits an Expects: 100-continue\n" " header in its request. By default curl will wait one second.\n" , stdout); fputs( " This option accepts decimal values! When curl stops waiting, it\n" " will continue as if the response has been received.\n" "\n" " Example:\n" " curl --expect100-timeout 2.5 -T file https://example.com\n" "\n" " See also --connect-timeout. Added in 7.47.0.\n" "\n" " --fail-early\n" " Fail and exit on the first detected transfer error.\n" "\n" " When curl is used to do multiple transfers on the command line,\n" , stdout); fputs( " it will attempt to operate on each given URL, one by one. By de-\n" " fault, it will ignore errors if there are more URLs given and\n" " the last URL's success will determine the error code curl re-\n" " turns. So early failures will be \"hidden\" by subsequent success-\n" " ful transfers.\n" "\n" " Using this option, curl will instead return an error on the\n" , stdout); fputs( " first transfer that fails, independent of the amount of URLs\n" " that are given on the command line. This way, no transfer fail-\n" " ures go undetected by scripts and similar.\n" "\n" " This option is global and does not need to be specified for each\n" " use of -:, --next.\n" "\n" " This option does not imply -f, --fail, which causes transfers to\n" " fail due to the server's HTTP status code. You can combine the\n" , stdout); fputs( " two options, however note --fail is not global and is therefore\n" " contained by -:, --next.\n" "\n" " Example:\n" " curl --fail-early https://example.com https://two.example\n" "\n" " See also -f, --fail and --fail-with-body. Added in 7.52.0.\n" "\n" " --fail-with-body\n" " (HTTP) Return an error on server errors where the HTTP response\n" " code is 400 or greater). In normal cases when an HTTP server\n" , stdout); fputs( " fails to deliver a document, it returns an HTML document stating\n" " so (which often also describes why and more). This flag will\n" " still allow curl to output and save that content but also to re-\n" " turn error 22.\n" "\n" " This is an alternative option to --fail which makes curl fail\n" " for the same circumstances but without saving the content.\n" "\n" " Example:\n" " curl --fail-with-body https://example.com\n" , stdout); fputs( "\n" " See also -f, --fail. This option is mutually exclusive to -f,\n" " --fail. Added in 7.76.0.\n" "\n" " -f, --fail\n" " (HTTP) Fail fast with no output at all on server errors. This is\n" " useful to enable scripts and users to better deal with failed\n" " attempts. In normal cases when an HTTP server fails to deliver a\n" " document, it returns an HTML document stating so (which often\n" , stdout); fputs( " also describes why and more). This flag will prevent curl from\n" " outputting that and return error 22.\n" "\n" " This method is not fail-safe and there are occasions where non-\n" " successful response codes will slip through, especially when au-\n" " thentication is involved (response codes 401 and 407).\n" "\n" " Example:\n" " curl --fail https://example.com\n" "\n" , stdout); fputs( " See also --fail-with-body. This option is mutually exclusive to\n" " --fail-with-body.\n" "\n" " --false-start\n" " (TLS) Tells curl to use false start during the TLS handshake.\n" " False start is a mode where a TLS client will start sending ap-\n" " plication data before verifying the server's Finished message,\n" " thus saving a round trip when performing a full handshake.\n" "\n" , stdout); fputs( " This is currently only implemented in the NSS and Secure Trans-\n" " port (on iOS 7.0 or later, or OS X 10.9 or later) backends.\n" "\n" " Example:\n" " curl --false-start https://example.com\n" "\n" " See also --tcp-fastopen. Added in 7.42.0.\n" "\n" " --form-escape\n" " (HTTP) Tells curl to pass on names of multipart form fields and\n" " files using backslash-escaping instead of percent-encoding.\n" "\n" " Example:\n" , stdout); fputs( " curl --form-escape -F 'field\\name=curl' -F 'file=@load\"this' https://example.com\n" "\n" " See also -F, --form. Added in 7.81.0.\n" "\n" " --form-string \n" " (HTTP SMTP IMAP) Similar to --form except that the value string\n" " for the named parameter is used literally. Leading '@' and '<'\n" " characters, and the ';type=' string in the value have no special\n" , stdout); fputs( " meaning. Use this in preference to --form if there's any possi-\n" " bility that the string value may accidentally trigger the '@' or\n" " '<' features of -F, --form.\n" "\n" " Example:\n" " curl --form-string \"data\" https://example.com\n" "\n" " See also -F, --form.\n" "\n" " -F, --form \n" " (HTTP SMTP IMAP) For HTTP protocol family, this lets curl emu-\n" , stdout); fputs( " late a filled-in form in which a user has pressed the submit\n" " button. This causes curl to POST data using the Content-Type\n" " multipart/form-data according to RFC 2388.\n" "\n" " For SMTP and IMAP protocols, this is the means to compose a mul-\n" " tipart mail message to transmit.\n" "\n" " This enables uploading of binary files etc. To force the 'con-\n" , stdout); fputs( " tent' part to be a file, prefix the file name with an @ sign. To\n" " just get the content part from a file, prefix the file name with\n" " the symbol <. The difference between @ and < is then that @\n" " makes a file get attached in the post as a file upload, while\n" " the < makes a text field and just get the contents for that text\n" " field from a file.\n" "\n" , stdout); fputs( " Tell curl to read content from stdin instead of a file by using\n" " - as filename. This goes for both @ and < constructs. When stdin\n" " is used, the contents is buffered in memory first by curl to de-\n" " termine its size and allow a possible resend. Defining a part's\n" " data from a named non-regular file (such as a named pipe or sim-\n" " ilar) is unfortunately not subject to buffering and will be ef-\n" , stdout); fputs( " fectively read at transmission time; since the full size is un-\n" " known before the transfer starts, such data is sent as chunks by\n" " HTTP and rejected by IMAP.\n" "\n" " Example: send an image to an HTTP server, where 'profile' is the\n" " name of the form-field to which the file portrait.jpg will be\n" " the input:\n" "\n" " curl -F profile=@portrait.jpg https://example.com/upload.cgi\n" "\n" , stdout); fputs( " Example: send your name and shoe size in two text fields to the\n" " server:\n" "\n" " curl -F name=John -F shoesize=11 https://example.com/\n" "\n" " Example: send your essay in a text field to the server. Send it\n" " as a plain text field, but get the contents for it from a local\n" " file:\n" "\n" " curl -F \"story=HTML message;type=text/html' \\\n" " -F '=)' -F '=@textfile.txt' ... smtp://example.com\n" "\n" " Data can be encoded for transfer using encoder=. Available en-\n" " codings are binary and 8bit that do nothing else than adding the\n" " corresponding Content-Transfer-Encoding header, 7bit that only\n" , stdout); fputs( " rejects 8-bit characters with a transfer error, quoted-printable\n" " and base64 that encodes data according to the corresponding\n" " schemes, limiting lines length to 76 characters.\n" "\n" " Example: send multipart mail with a quoted-printable text mes-\n" " sage and a base64 attached file:\n" "\n" " curl -F '=text message;encoder=quoted-printable' \\\n" " -F '=@localfile;encoder=base64' ... smtp://example.com\n" "\n" , stdout); fputs( " See further examples and details in the MANUAL.\n" "\n" " This option can be used multiple times.\n" "\n" " Example:\n" " curl --form \"name=curl\" --form \"file=@loadthis\" https://example.com\n" "\n" " See also -d, --data, --form-string and --form-escape. This op-\n" " tion is mutually exclusive to -d, --data and -I, --head and -T,\n" " --upload-file.\n" "\n" " --ftp-account \n" , stdout); fputs( " (FTP) When an FTP server asks for \"account data\" after user name\n" " and password has been provided, this data is sent off using the\n" " ACCT command.\n" "\n" " If this option is used several times, the last one will be used.\n" "\n" " Example:\n" " curl --ftp-account \"mr.robot\" ftp://example.com/\n" "\n" " See also -u, --user.\n" "\n" " --ftp-alternative-to-user \n" , stdout); fputs( " (FTP) If authenticating with the USER and PASS commands fails,\n" " send this command. When connecting to Tumbleweed's Secure\n" " Transport server over FTPS using a client certificate, using\n" " \"SITE AUTH\" will tell the server to retrieve the username from\n" " the certificate.\n" "\n" " Example:\n" " curl --ftp-alternative-to-user \"U53r\" ftp://example.com\n" "\n" " See also --ftp-account and -u, --user.\n" "\n" , stdout); fputs( " --ftp-create-dirs\n" " (FTP SFTP) When an FTP or SFTP URL/operation uses a path that\n" " does not currently exist on the server, the standard behavior of\n" " curl is to fail. Using this option, curl will instead attempt to\n" " create missing directories.\n" "\n" " Example:\n" " curl --ftp-create-dirs -T file ftp://example.com/remote/path/file\n" "\n" " See also --create-dirs.\n" "\n" " --ftp-method \n" , stdout); fputs( " (FTP) Control what method curl should use to reach a file on an\n" " FTP(S) server. The method argument should be one of the follow-\n" " ing alternatives:\n" "\n" " multicwd\n" " curl does a single CWD operation for each path part in\n" " the given URL. For deep hierarchies this means many com-\n" " mands. This is how RFC 1738 says it should be done. This\n" , stdout); fputs( " is the default but the slowest behavior.\n" "\n" " nocwd curl does no CWD at all. curl will do SIZE, RETR, STOR\n" " etc and give a full path to the server for all these com-\n" " mands. This is the fastest behavior.\n" "\n" " singlecwd\n" " curl does one CWD with the full target directory and then\n" " operates on the file \"normally\" (like in the multicwd\n" , stdout); fputs( " case). This is somewhat more standards compliant than\n" " 'nocwd' but without the full penalty of 'multicwd'.\n" "\n" " Examples:\n" " curl --ftp-method multicwd ftp://example.com/dir1/dir2/file\n" " curl --ftp-method nocwd ftp://example.com/dir1/dir2/file\n" " curl --ftp-method singlecwd ftp://example.com/dir1/dir2/file\n" "\n" " See also -l, --list-only.\n" "\n" " --ftp-pasv\n" , stdout); fputs( " (FTP) Use passive mode for the data connection. Passive is the\n" " internal default behavior, but using this option can be used to\n" " override a previous --ftp-port option.\n" "\n" " If this option is used several times, only the first one is\n" " used. Undoing an enforced passive really is not doable but you\n" " must then instead enforce the correct --ftp-port again.\n" "\n" , stdout); fputs( " Passive mode means that curl will try the EPSV command first and\n" " then PASV, unless --disable-epsv is used.\n" "\n" " Example:\n" " curl --ftp-pasv ftp://example.com/\n" "\n" " See also --disable-epsv.\n" " -P, --ftp-port
\n" " (FTP) Reverses the default initiator/listener roles when con-\n" " necting with FTP. This option makes curl use active mode. curl\n" , stdout); fputs( " then tells the server to connect back to the client's specified\n" " address and port, while passive mode asks the server to setup an\n" " IP address and port for it to connect to.
should be\n" " one of:\n" "\n" " interface\n" " e.g. \"eth0\" to specify which interface's IP address you\n" " want to use (Unix only)\n" "\n" " IP address\n" , stdout); fputs( " e.g. \"192.168.10.1\" to specify the exact IP address\n" "\n" " host name\n" " e.g. \"my.host.domain\" to specify the machine\n" "\n" " - make curl pick the same IP address that is already used\n" " for the control connection\n" "\n" " If this option is used several times, the last one will be used. Dis-\n" " able the use of PORT with --ftp-pasv. Disable the attempt to use the\n" , stdout); fputs( " EPRT command instead of PORT by using --disable-eprt. EPRT is really\n" " PORT++.\n" "\n" " You can also append \":[start]-[end]\" to the right of the address, to\n" " tell curl what TCP port range to use. That means you specify a port\n" " range, from a lower to a higher number. A single number works as well,\n" " but do note that it increases the risk of failure since the port may\n" " not be available.\n" "\n" " Examples:\n" " curl -P - ftp:/example.com\n" , stdout); fputs( " curl -P eth0 ftp:/example.com\n" " curl -P 192.168.0.2 ftp:/example.com\n" "\n" " See also --ftp-pasv and --disable-eprt.\n" "\n" " --ftp-pret\n" " (FTP) Tell curl to send a PRET command before PASV (and EPSV).\n" " Certain FTP servers, mainly drftpd, require this non-standard\n" " command for directory listings as well as up and downloads in\n" " PASV mode.\n" "\n" " Example:\n" " curl --ftp-pret ftp://example.com/\n" "\n" , stdout); fputs( " See also -P, --ftp-port and --ftp-pasv.\n" "\n" " --ftp-skip-pasv-ip\n" " (FTP) Tell curl to not use the IP address the server suggests in\n" " its response to curl's PASV command when curl connects the data\n" " connection. Instead curl will re-use the same IP address it al-\n" " ready uses for the control connection.\n" "\n" " Since curl 7.74.0 this option is enabled by default.\n" "\n" , stdout); fputs( " This option has no effect if PORT, EPRT or EPSV is used instead\n" " of PASV.\n" " Example:\n" " curl --ftp-skip-pasv-ip ftp://example.com/\n" "\n" " See also --ftp-pasv.\n" "\n" " --ftp-ssl-ccc-mode \n" " (FTP) Sets the CCC mode. The passive mode will not initiate the\n" " shutdown, but instead wait for the server to do it, and will not\n" " reply to the shutdown from the server. The active mode initiates\n" , stdout); fputs( " the shutdown and waits for a reply from the server.\n" "\n" " Example:\n" " curl --ftp-ssl-ccc-mode active --ftp-ssl-ccc ftps://example.com/\n" "\n" " See also --ftp-ssl-ccc.\n" "\n" " --ftp-ssl-ccc\n" " (FTP) Use CCC (Clear Command Channel) Shuts down the SSL/TLS\n" " layer after authenticating. The rest of the control channel com-\n" " munication will be unencrypted. This allows NAT routers to fol-\n" , stdout); fputs( " low the FTP transaction. The default mode is passive.\n" "\n" " Example:\n" " curl --ftp-ssl-ccc ftps://example.com/\n" " See also --ssl and --ftp-ssl-ccc-mode.\n" "\n" " --ftp-ssl-control\n" " (FTP) Require SSL/TLS for the FTP login, clear for transfer.\n" " Allows secure authentication, but non-encrypted data transfers\n" " for efficiency. Fails the transfer if the server does not sup-\n" " port SSL/TLS.\n" "\n" , stdout); fputs( " Example:\n" " curl --ftp-ssl-control ftp://example.com\n" "\n" " See also --ssl.\n" "\n" " -G, --get\n" " When used, this option will make all data specified with -d,\n" " --data, --data-binary or --data-urlencode to be used in an HTTP\n" " GET request instead of the POST request that otherwise would be\n" " used. The data will be appended to the URL with a '?' separator.\n" , stdout); fputs( " If used in combination with -I, --head, the POST data will in-\n" " stead be appended to the URL with a HEAD request.\n" "\n" " If this option is used several times, only the first one is\n" " used. This is because undoing a GET does not make sense, but you\n" " should then instead enforce the alternative method you prefer.\n" "\n" " Examples:\n" " curl --get https://example.com\n" , stdout); fputs( " curl --get -d \"tool=curl\" -d \"age=old\" https://example.com\n" " curl --get -I -d \"tool=curl\" https://example.com\n" "\n" " See also -d, --data and -X, --request.\n" "\n" " -g, --globoff\n" " This option switches off the \"URL globbing parser\". When you set\n" " this option, you can specify URLs that contain the letters {}[]\n" " without having curl itself interpret them. Note that these let-\n" , stdout); fputs( " ters are not normal legal URL contents but they should be en-\n" " coded according to the URI standard.\n" "\n" " Example:\n" " curl -g \"https://example.com/{[]}}}}\"\n" "\n" " See also -K, --config and -q, --disable.\n" "\n" " --happy-eyeballs-timeout-ms \n" " Happy Eyeballs is an algorithm that attempts to connect to both\n" " IPv4 and IPv6 addresses for dual-stack hosts, giving IPv6 a\n" , stdout); fputs( " head-start of the specified number of milliseconds. If the IPv6\n" " address cannot be connected to within that time, then a connec-\n" " tion attempt is made to the IPv4 address in parallel. The first\n" " connection to be established is the one that is used.\n" "\n" " The range of suggested useful values is limited. Happy Eyeballs\n" " RFC 6555 says \"It is RECOMMENDED that connection attempts be\n" , stdout); fputs( " paced 150-250 ms apart to balance human factors against network\n" " load.\" libcurl currently defaults to 200 ms. Firefox and Chrome\n" " currently default to 300 ms.\n" "\n" " If this option is used several times, the last one will be used.\n" "\n" " Example:\n" " curl --happy-eyeballs-timeout-ms 500 https://example.com\n" "\n" " See also -m, --max-time and --connect-timeout. Added in 7.59.0.\n" "\n" " --haproxy-protocol\n" , stdout); fputs( " (HTTP) Send a HAProxy PROXY protocol v1 header at the beginning\n" " of the connection. This is used by some load balancers and re-\n" " verse proxies to indicate the client's true IP address and port.\n" " This option is primarily useful when sending test requests to a\n" " service that expects this header.\n" "\n" " Example:\n" " curl --haproxy-protocol https://example.com\n" "\n" , stdout); fputs( " See also -x, --proxy. Added in 7.60.0.\n" "\n" " -I, --head\n" " (HTTP FTP FILE) Fetch the headers only! HTTP-servers feature the\n" " command HEAD which this uses to get nothing but the header of a\n" " document. When used on an FTP or FILE file, curl displays the\n" " file size and last modification time only.\n" "\n" " Example:\n" " curl -I https://example.com\n" "\n" , stdout); fputs( " See also -G, --get, -v, --verbose and --trace-ascii.\n" "\n" " -H, --header
\n" " (HTTP) Extra header to include in the request when sending HTTP\n" " to a server. You may specify any number of extra headers. Note\n" " that if you should add a custom header that has the same name as\n" " one of the internal ones curl would use, your externally set\n" " header will be used instead of the internal one. This allows you\n" , stdout); fputs( " to make even trickier stuff than curl would normally do. You\n" " should not replace internally set headers without knowing per-\n" " fectly well what you are doing. Remove an internal header by\n" " giving a replacement without content on the right side of the\n" " colon, as in: -H \"Host:\". If you send the custom header with no-\n" " value then its header must be terminated with a semicolon, such\n" , stdout); fputs( " as -H \"X-Custom-Header;\" to send \"X-Custom-Header:\".\n" "\n" " curl will make sure that each header you add/replace is sent\n" " with the proper end-of-line marker, you should thus not add that\n" " as a part of the header content: do not add newlines or carriage\n" " returns, they will only mess things up for you.\n" "\n" " This option can take an argument in @filename style, which then\n" , stdout); fputs( " adds a header for each line in the input file. Using @- will\n" " make curl read the header file from stdin. Added in 7.55.0.\n" "\n" " You need --proxy-header to send custom headers intended for an\n" " HTTP proxy. Added in 7.37.0.\n" "\n" " Passing on a \"Transfer-Encoding: chunked\" header when doing an\n" " HTTP request with a request body, will make curl send the data\n" " using chunked encoding.\n" "\n" , stdout); fputs( " WARNING: headers set with this option will be set in all re-\n" " quests - even after redirects are followed, like when told with\n" " -L, --location. This can lead to the header being sent to other\n" " hosts than the original host, so sensitive headers should be\n" " used with caution combined with following redirects.\n" "\n" " This option can be used multiple times to add/replace/remove\n" " multiple headers.\n" "\n" , stdout); fputs( " Examples:\n" " curl -H \"X-First-Name: Joe\" https://example.com\n" " curl -H \"User-Agent: yes-please/2000\" https://example.com\n" " curl -H \"Host:\" https://example.com\n" "\n" " See also -A, --user-agent and -e, --referer.\n" "\n" " -h, --help \n" " Usage help. This lists all commands of the . If no\n" " arg was provided, curl will display the most important command\n" , stdout); fputs( " line arguments. If the argument \"all\" was provided, curl will\n" " display all options available. If the argument \"category\" was\n" " provided, curl will display all categories and their meanings.\n" "\n" " Example:\n" " curl --help all\n" "\n" " See also -v, --verbose.\n" "\n" " --hostpubmd5 \n" " (SFTP SCP) Pass a string containing 32 hexadecimal digits. The\n" , stdout); fputs( " string should be the 128 bit MD5 checksum of the remote host's\n" " public key, curl will refuse the connection with the host unless\n" " the md5sums match.\n" "\n" " Example:\n" " curl --hostpubmd5 e5c1c49020640a5ab0f2034854c321a8 sftp://example.com/\n" "\n" " See also --hostpubsha256.\n" "\n" " --hostpubsha256 \n" " (SFTP SCP) Pass a string containing a Base64-encoded SHA256 hash\n" , stdout); fputs( " of the remote host's public key. Curl will refuse the connection\n" " with the host unless the hashes match.\n" "\n" " Example:\n" " curl --hostpubsha256 NDVkMTQxMGQ1ODdmMjQ3MjczYjAyOTY5MmRkMjVmNDQ= sftp://example.com/\n" "\n" " See also --hostpubmd5. Added in 7.80.0.\n" "\n" " --hsts \n" " (HTTPS) This option enables HSTS for the transfer. If the file\n" " name points to an existing HSTS cache file, that will be used.\n" , stdout); fputs( " After a completed transfer, the cache will be saved to the file\n" " name again if it has been modified.\n" "\n" " Specify a \"\" file name (zero length) to avoid loading/saving and\n" " make curl just handle HSTS in memory.\n" "\n" " If this option is used several times, curl will load contents\n" " from all the files but the last one will be used for saving.\n" "\n" " Example:\n" " curl --hsts cache.txt https://example.com\n" "\n" , stdout); fputs( " See also --proto. Added in 7.74.0.\n" "\n" " --http0.9\n" " (HTTP) Tells curl to be fine with HTTP version 0.9 response.\n" "\n" " HTTP/0.9 is a completely headerless response and therefore you\n" " can also connect with this to non-HTTP servers and still get a\n" " response since curl will simply transparently downgrade - if al-\n" " lowed.\n" "\n" " Since curl 7.66.0, HTTP/0.9 is disabled by default.\n" "\n" " Example:\n" , stdout); fputs( " curl --http0.9 https://example.com\n" "\n" " See also --http1.1, --http2 and --http3. Added in 7.64.0.\n" "\n" " -0, --http1.0\n" " (HTTP) Tells curl to use HTTP version 1.0 instead of using its\n" " internally preferred HTTP version.\n" "\n" " Example:\n" " curl --http1.0 https://example.com\n" "\n" " See also --http0.9 and --http1.1. This option is mutually exclu-\n" , stdout); fputs( " sive to --http1.1 and --http2 and --http2-prior-knowledge and\n" " --http3.\n" "\n" " --http1.1\n" " (HTTP) Tells curl to use HTTP version 1.1.\n" "\n" " Example:\n" " curl --http1.1 https://example.com\n" "\n" " See also -0, --http1.0 and --http0.9. This option is mutually\n" " exclusive to -0, --http1.0 and --http2 and --http2-prior-knowl-\n" " edge and --http3. Added in 7.33.0.\n" "\n" " --http2-prior-knowledge\n" , stdout); fputs( " (HTTP) Tells curl to issue its non-TLS HTTP requests using\n" " HTTP/2 without HTTP/1.1 Upgrade. It requires prior knowledge\n" " that the server supports HTTP/2 straight away. HTTPS requests\n" " will still do HTTP/2 the standard way with negotiated protocol\n" " version in the TLS handshake.\n" "\n" " Example:\n" " curl --http2-prior-knowledge https://example.com\n" "\n" , stdout); fputs( " See also --http2 and --http3. --http2-prior-knowledge requires\n" " that the underlying libcurl was built to support HTTP/2. This\n" " option is mutually exclusive to --http1.1 and -0, --http1.0 and\n" " --http2 and --http3. Added in 7.49.0.\n" "\n" " --http2\n" " (HTTP) Tells curl to use HTTP version 2.\n" "\n" " For HTTPS, this means curl will attempt to negotiate HTTP/2 in\n" " the TLS handshake. curl does this by default.\n" , stdout); fputs( "\n" " For HTTP, this means curl will attempt to upgrade the request to\n" " HTTP/2 using the Upgrade: request header.\n" "\n" " When curl uses HTTP/2 over HTTPS, it does not itself insist on\n" " TLS 1.2 or higher even though that is required by the specifica-\n" " tion. A user can add this version requirement with --tlsv1.2.\n" "\n" " Example:\n" " curl --http2 https://example.com\n" "\n" , stdout); fputs( " See also --http1.1 and --http3. --http2 requires that the under-\n" " lying libcurl was built to support HTTP/2. This option is mutu-\n" " ally exclusive to --http1.1 and -0, --http1.0 and --http2-prior-\n" " knowledge and --http3. Added in 7.33.0.\n" "\n" " --http3\n" " (HTTP) WARNING: this option is experimental. Do not use in pro-\n" " duction.\n" "\n" " Tells curl to use HTTP version 3 directly to the host and port\n" , stdout); fputs( " number used in the URL. A normal HTTP/3 transaction will be done\n" " to a host and then get redirected via Alt-Svc, but this option\n" " allows a user to circumvent that when you know that the target\n" " speaks HTTP/3 on the given host and port.\n" "\n" " This option will make curl fail if a QUIC connection cannot be\n" " established, it cannot fall back to a lower HTTP version on its\n" " own.\n" "\n" " Example:\n" , stdout); fputs( " curl --http3 https://example.com\n" "\n" " See also --http1.1 and --http2. --http3 requires that the under-\n" " lying libcurl was built to support HTTP/3. This option is mutu-\n" " ally exclusive to --http1.1 and -0, --http1.0 and --http2 and\n" " --http2-prior-knowledge. Added in 7.66.0.\n" "\n" " --ignore-content-length\n" " (FTP HTTP) For HTTP, Ignore the Content-Length header. This is\n" , stdout); fputs( " particularly useful for servers running Apache 1.x, which will\n" " report incorrect Content-Length for files larger than 2 giga-\n" " bytes.\n" "\n" " For FTP (since 7.46.0), skip the RETR command to figure out the\n" " size before downloading a file.\n" "\n" " This option does not work for HTTP if libcurl was built to use\n" " hyper.\n" "\n" " Example:\n" " curl --ignore-content-length https://example.com\n" "\n" , stdout); fputs( " See also --ftp-skip-pasv-ip.\n" "\n" " -i, --include\n" " Include the HTTP response headers in the output. The HTTP re-\n" " sponse headers can include things like server name, cookies,\n" " date of the document, HTTP version and more...\n" "\n" " To view the request headers, consider the --verbose option.\n" "\n" " Example:\n" " curl -i https://example.com\n" "\n" " See also -v, --verbose.\n" "\n" " -k, --insecure\n" , stdout); fputs( " (TLS SFTP SCP) By default, every secure connection curl makes is\n" " verified to be secure before the transfer takes place. This op-\n" " tion makes curl skip the verification step and proceed without\n" " checking.\n" "\n" " When this option is not used for protocols using TLS, curl veri-\n" " fies the server's TLS certificate before it continues: that the\n" " certificate contains the right name which matches the host name\n" , stdout); fputs( " used in the URL and that the certificate has been signed by a CA\n" " certificate present in the cert store. See this online resource\n" " for further details:\n" " https://curl.se/docs/sslcerts.html\n" "\n" " For SFTP and SCP, this option makes curl skip the known_hosts\n" " verification. known_hosts is a file normally stored in the\n" " user's home directory in the \".ssh\" subdirectory, which contains\n" , stdout); fputs( " host names and their public keys.\n" "\n" " WARNING: using this option makes the transfer insecure.\n" "\n" " Example:\n" " curl --insecure https://example.com\n" "\n" " See also --proxy-insecure, --cacert and --capath.\n" "\n" " --interface \n" " Perform an operation using a specified interface. You can enter\n" " interface name, IP address or host name. An example could look\n" " like:\n" "\n" , stdout); fputs( " curl --interface eth0:1 https://www.example.com/\n" "\n" " If this option is used several times, the last one will be used.\n" " On Linux it can be used to specify a VRF, but the binary needs\n" " to either have CAP_NET_RAW or to be run as root. More informa-\n" " tion about Linux VRF: https://www.kernel.org/doc/Documenta-\n" " tion/networking/vrf.txt\n" "\n" " Example:\n" " curl --interface eth0 https://example.com\n" , stdout); fputs( "\n" " See also --dns-interface.\n" "\n" " -4, --ipv4\n" " This option tells curl to use IPv4 addresses only, and not for\n" " example try IPv6.\n" "\n" " Example:\n" " curl --ipv4 https://example.com\n" "\n" " See also --http1.1 and --http2. This option is mutually exclu-\n" " sive to -6, --ipv6.\n" "\n" " -6, --ipv6\n" " This option tells curl to use IPv6 addresses only, and not for\n" " example try IPv4.\n" "\n" , stdout); fputs( " Example:\n" " curl --ipv6 https://example.com\n" "\n" " See also --http1.1 and --http2. This option is mutually exclu-\n" " sive to -4, --ipv4.\n" "\n" " --json \n" " (HTTP) Sends the specified JSON data in a POST request to the\n" " HTTP server. --json works as a shortcut for passing on these\n" " three options:\n" "\n" " --data [arg]\n" " --header \"Content-Type: application/json\"\n" , stdout); fputs( " --header \"Accept: application/json\"\n" "\n" " There is no verification that the passed in data is actual JSON\n" " or that the syntax is correct.\n" "\n" " If you start the data with the letter @, the rest should be a\n" " file name to read the data from, or a single dash (-) if you\n" " want curl to read the data from stdin. Posting data from a file\n" " named 'foobar' would thus be done with --json @foobar and to in-\n" , stdout); fputs( " stead read the data from stdin, use --json @-.\n" "\n" " If this option is used more than once on the same command line,\n" " the additional data pieces will be concatenated to the previous\n" " before sending.\n" "\n" " The headers this option sets can be overridden with --header as\n" " usual.\n" "\n" " Examples:\n" " curl --json '{ \"drink\": \"coffe\" }' https://example.com\n" , stdout); fputs( " curl --json '{ \"drink\":' --json ' \"coffe\" }' https://example.com\n" " curl --json @prepared https://example.com\n" " curl --json @- https://example.com < json.txt\n" "\n" " See also --data-binary and --data-raw. This option is mutually\n" " exclusive to -F, --form and -I, --head and -T, --upload-file.\n" " Added in 7.82.0.\n" "\n" " -j, --junk-session-cookies\n" , stdout); fputs( " (HTTP) When curl is told to read cookies from a given file, this\n" " option will make it discard all \"session cookies\". This will ba-\n" " sically have the same effect as if a new session is started.\n" " Typical browsers always discard session cookies when they are\n" " closed down.\n" "\n" " Example:\n" " curl --junk-session-cookies -b cookies.txt https://example.com\n" "\n" , stdout); fputs( " See also -b, --cookie and -c, --cookie-jar.\n" "\n" " --keepalive-time \n" " This option sets the time a connection needs to remain idle be-\n" " fore sending keepalive probes and the time between individual\n" " keepalive probes. It is currently effective on operating systems\n" " offering the TCP_KEEPIDLE and TCP_KEEPINTVL socket options\n" " (meaning Linux, recent AIX, HP-UX and more). Keepalives are\n" , stdout); fputs( " used by the TCP stack to detect broken networks on idle connec-\n" " tions. The number of missed keepalive probes before declaring\n" " the connection down is OS dependent and is commonly 9 or 10.\n" " This option has no effect if --no-keepalive is used.\n" "\n" " If this option is used several times, the last one will be used.\n" " If unspecified, the option defaults to 60 seconds.\n" "\n" " Example:\n" , stdout); fputs( " curl --keepalive-time 20 https://example.com\n" "\n" " See also --no-keepalive and -m, --max-time.\n" "\n" " --key-type \n" " (TLS) Private key file type. Specify which type your --key pro-\n" " vided private key is. DER, PEM, and ENG are supported. If not\n" " specified, PEM is assumed.\n" "\n" " If this option is used several times, the last one will be used.\n" "\n" " Example:\n" , stdout); fputs( " curl --key-type DER --key here https://example.com\n" "\n" " See also --key.\n" "\n" " --key \n" " (TLS SSH) Private key file name. Allows you to provide your pri-\n" " vate key in this separate file. For SSH, if not specified, curl\n" " tries the following candidates in order: '~/.ssh/id_rsa',\n" " '~/.ssh/id_dsa', './id_rsa', './id_dsa'.\n" "\n" " If curl is built against OpenSSL library, and the engine pkcs11\n" , stdout); fputs( " is available, then a PKCS#11 URI (RFC 7512) can be used to spec-\n" " ify a private key located in a PKCS#11 device. A string begin-\n" " ning with \"pkcs11:\" will be interpreted as a PKCS#11 URI. If a\n" " PKCS#11 URI is provided, then the --engine option will be set as\n" " \"pkcs11\" if none was provided and the --key-type option will be\n" " set as \"ENG\" if none was provided.\n" "\n" , stdout); fputs( " If curl is built against Secure Transport or Schannel then this\n" " option is ignored for TLS protocols (HTTPS, etc). Those backends\n" " expect the private key to be already present in the keychain or\n" " PKCS#12 file containing the certificate.\n" "\n" " If this option is used several times, the last one will be used.\n" "\n" " Example:\n" " curl --cert certificate --key here https://example.com\n" "\n" , stdout); fputs( " See also --key-type and -E, --cert.\n" "\n" " --krb \n" " (FTP) Enable Kerberos authentication and use. The level must be\n" " entered and should be one of 'clear', 'safe', 'confidential', or\n" " 'private'. Should you use a level that is not one of these,\n" " 'private' will instead be used.\n" "\n" " If this option is used several times, the last one will be used.\n" "\n" " Example:\n" , stdout); fputs( " curl --krb clear ftp://example.com/\n" "\n" " See also --delegation and --ssl. --krb requires that the under-\n" " lying libcurl was built to support Kerberos.\n" "\n" " --libcurl \n" " Append this option to any ordinary curl command line, and you\n" " will get libcurl-using C source code written to the file that\n" " does the equivalent of what your command-line operation does!\n" "\n" , stdout); fputs( " This option is global and does not need to be specified for each\n" " use of -:, --next.\n" "\n" " If this option is used several times, the last given file name\n" " will be used.\n" "\n" " Example:\n" " curl --libcurl client.c https://example.com\n" "\n" " See also -v, --verbose.\n" "\n" " --limit-rate \n" " Specify the maximum transfer rate you want curl to use - for\n" , stdout); fputs( " both downloads and uploads. This feature is useful if you have a\n" " limited pipe and you would like your transfer not to use your\n" " entire bandwidth. To make it slower than it otherwise would be.\n" "\n" " The given speed is measured in bytes/second, unless a suffix is\n" " appended. Appending 'k' or 'K' will count the number as kilo-\n" " bytes, 'm' or 'M' makes it megabytes, while 'g' or 'G' makes it\n" , stdout); fputs( " gigabytes. The suffixes (k, M, G, T, P) are 1024 based. For ex-\n" " ample 1k is 1024. Examples: 200K, 3m and 1G.\n" "\n" " The rate limiting logic works on averaging the transfer speed to\n" " no more than the set threshold over a period of multiple sec-\n" " onds.\n" "\n" " If you also use the --speed-limit option, that option will take\n" " precedence and might cripple the rate-limiting slightly, to help\n" , stdout); fputs( " keeping the speed-limit logic working.\n" "\n" " If this option is used several times, the last one will be used.\n" "\n" " Examples:\n" " curl --limit-rate 100K https://example.com\n" " curl --limit-rate 1000 https://example.com\n" " curl --limit-rate 10M https://example.com\n" "\n" " See also -Y, --speed-limit and -y, --speed-time.\n" "\n" " -l, --list-only\n" " (FTP POP3) (FTP) When listing an FTP directory, this switch\n" , stdout); fputs( " forces a name-only view. This is especially useful if the user\n" " wants to machine-parse the contents of an FTP directory since\n" " the normal directory view does not use a standard look or for-\n" " mat. When used like this, the option causes an NLST command to\n" " be sent to the server instead of LIST.\n" "\n" " Note: Some FTP servers list only files in their response to\n" , stdout); fputs( " NLST; they do not include sub-directories and symbolic links.\n" "\n" " (POP3) When retrieving a specific email from POP3, this switch\n" " forces a LIST command to be performed instead of RETR. This is\n" " particularly useful if the user wants to see if a specific mes-\n" " sage-id exists on the server and what size it is.\n" "\n" " Note: When combined with -X, --request, this option can be used\n" , stdout); fputs( " to send a UIDL command instead, so the user may use the email's\n" " unique identifier rather than its message-id to make the re-\n" " quest.\n" "\n" " Example:\n" " curl --list-only ftp://example.com/dir/\n" " See also -Q, --quote and -X, --request.\n" "\n" " --local-port \n" " Set a preferred single number or range (FROM-TO) of local port\n" , stdout); fputs( " numbers to use for the connection(s). Note that port numbers by\n" " nature are a scarce resource that will be busy at times so set-\n" " ting this range to something too narrow might cause unnecessary\n" " connection setup failures.\n" "\n" " Example:\n" " curl --local-port 1000-3000 https://example.com\n" "\n" " See also -g, --globoff.\n" "\n" " --location-trusted\n" , stdout); fputs( " (HTTP) Like -L, --location, but will allow sending the name +\n" " password to all hosts that the site may redirect to. This may or\n" " may not introduce a security breach if the site redirects you to\n" " a site to which you will send your authentication info (which is\n" " plaintext in the case of HTTP Basic authentication).\n" "\n" " Example:\n" " curl --location-trusted -u user:password https://example.com\n" "\n" , stdout); fputs( " See also -u, --user.\n" "\n" " -L, --location\n" " (HTTP) If the server reports that the requested page has moved\n" " to a different location (indicated with a Location: header and a\n" " 3XX response code), this option will make curl redo the request\n" " on the new place. If used together with --include or -I, --head,\n" " headers from all requested pages will be shown. When authentica-\n" , stdout); fputs( " tion is used, curl only sends its credentials to the initial\n" " host. If a redirect takes curl to a different host, it will not\n" " be able to intercept the user+password. See also --location-\n" " trusted on how to change this. You can limit the amount of redi-\n" " rects to follow by using the --max-redirs option.\n" "\n" " When curl follows a redirect and if the request is a POST, it\n" , stdout); fputs( " will send the following request with a GET if the HTTP response\n" " was 301, 302, or 303. If the response code was any other 3xx\n" " code, curl will re-send the following request using the same un-\n" " modified method.\n" "\n" " You can tell curl to not change POST requests to GET after a 30x\n" " response by using the dedicated options for that: --post301,\n" " --post302 and --post303.\n" "\n" , stdout); fputs( " The method set with --request overrides the method curl would\n" " otherwise select to use.\n" "\n" " Example:\n" " curl -L https://example.com\n" "\n" " See also --resolve and --alt-svc.\n" "\n" " --login-options \n" " (IMAP LDAP POP3 SMTP) Specify the login options to use during\n" " server authentication.\n" "\n" " You can use login options to specify protocol specific options\n" , stdout); fputs( " that may be used during authentication. At present only IMAP,\n" " POP3 and SMTP support login options. For more information about\n" " login options please see RFC 2384, RFC 5092 and IETF draft\n" " draft-earhart-url-smtp-00.txt\n" "\n" " If this option is used several times, the last one will be used.\n" "\n" " Example:\n" " curl --login-options 'AUTH=*' imap://example.com\n" "\n" , stdout); fputs( " See also -u, --user. Added in 7.34.0.\n" "\n" " --mail-auth
\n" " (SMTP) Specify a single address. This will be used to specify\n" " the authentication address (identity) of a submitted message\n" " that is being relayed to another server.\n" "\n" " Example:\n" " curl --mail-auth user@example.come -T mail smtp://example.com/\n" "\n" " See also --mail-rcpt and --mail-from.\n" "\n" " --mail-from
\n" , stdout); fputs( " (SMTP) Specify a single address that the given mail should get\n" " sent from.\n" "\n" " Example:\n" " curl --mail-from user@example.com -T mail smtp://example.com/\n" "\n" " See also --mail-rcpt and --mail-auth.\n" "\n" " --mail-rcpt-allowfails\n" " (SMTP) When sending data to multiple recipients, by default curl\n" " will abort SMTP conversation if at least one of the recipients\n" , stdout); fputs( " causes RCPT TO command to return an error.\n" "\n" " The default behavior can be changed by passing --mail-rcpt-al-\n" " lowfails command-line option which will make curl ignore errors\n" " and proceed with the remaining valid recipients.\n" "\n" " If all recipients trigger RCPT TO failures and this flag is\n" " specified, curl will still abort the SMTP conversation and re-\n" , stdout); fputs( " turn the error received from to the last RCPT TO command.\n" "\n" " Example:\n" " curl --mail-rcpt-allowfails --mail-rcpt dest@example.com smtp://example.com\n" "\n" " See also --mail-rcpt. Added in 7.69.0.\n" "\n" " --mail-rcpt
\n" " (SMTP) Specify a single email address, user name or mailing list\n" " name. Repeat this option several times to send to multiple re-\n" " cipients.\n" "\n" , stdout); fputs( " When performing an address verification (VRFY command), the re-\n" " cipient should be specified as the user name or user name and\n" " domain (as per Section 3.5 of RFC5321). (Added in 7.34.0)\n" "\n" " When performing a mailing list expand (EXPN command), the recip-\n" " ient should be specified using the mailing list name, such as\n" " \"Friends\" or \"London-Office\". (Added in 7.34.0)\n" "\n" " Example:\n" , stdout); fputs( " curl --mail-rcpt user@example.net smtp://example.com\n" "\n" " See also --mail-rcpt-allowfails.\n" "\n" " -M, --manual\n" " Manual. Display the huge help text.\n" "\n" " Example:\n" " curl --manual\n" "\n" " See also -v, --verbose, --libcurl and --trace.\n" "\n" " --max-filesize \n" " (FTP HTTP MQTT) Specify the maximum size (in bytes) of a file to\n" " download. If the file requested is larger than this value, the\n" , stdout); fputs( " transfer will not start and curl will return with exit code 63.\n" "\n" " A size modifier may be used. For example, Appending 'k' or 'K'\n" " will count the number as kilobytes, 'm' or 'M' makes it\n" " megabytes, while 'g' or 'G' makes it gigabytes. Examples: 200K,\n" " 3m and 1G. (Added in 7.58.0)\n" "\n" " NOTE: The file size is not always known prior to download, and\n" , stdout); fputs( " for such files this option has no effect even if the file trans-\n" " fer ends up being larger than this given limit. Example:\n" " curl --max-filesize 100K https://example.com\n" "\n" " See also --limit-rate.\n" "\n" " --max-redirs \n" " (HTTP) Set maximum number of redirections to follow. When --lo-\n" " cation is used, to prevent curl from following too many redi-\n" , stdout); fputs( " rects, by default, the limit is set to 50 redirects. Set this\n" " option to -1 to make it unlimited.\n" "\n" " If this option is used several times, the last one will be used.\n" "\n" " Example:\n" " curl --max-redirs 3 --location https://example.com\n" "\n" " See also -L, --location.\n" "\n" " -m, --max-time \n" " Maximum time in seconds that you allow each transfer to take.\n" , stdout); fputs( " This is useful for preventing your batch jobs from hanging for\n" " hours due to slow networks or links going down. Since 7.32.0,\n" " this option accepts decimal values, but the actual timeout will\n" " decrease in accuracy as the specified timeout increases in deci-\n" " mal precision.\n" "\n" " If you enable retrying the transfer (--retry) then the maximum\n" , stdout); fputs( " time counter is reset each time the transfer is retried. You can\n" " use --retry-max-time to limit the retry time.\n" "\n" " If this option is used several times, the last one will be used.\n" "\n" " Examples:\n" " curl --max-time 10 https://example.com\n" " curl --max-time 2.92 https://example.com\n" "\n" " See also --connect-timeout and --retry-max-time.\n" "\n" " --metalink\n" , stdout); fputs( " This option was previously used to specify a metalink resource.\n" " Metalink support has been disabled in curl since 7.78.0 for se-\n" " curity reasons.\n" "\n" " Example:\n" " curl --metalink file https://example.com\n" "\n" " See also -Z, --parallel.\n" "\n" " --negotiate\n" " (HTTP) Enables Negotiate (SPNEGO) authentication.\n" "\n" " This option requires a library built with GSS-API or SSPI sup-\n" , stdout); fputs( " port. Use --version to see if your curl supports GSS-API/SSPI or\n" " SPNEGO.\n" "\n" " When using this option, you must also provide a fake --user op-\n" " tion to activate the authentication code properly. Sending a '-u\n" " :' is enough as the user name and password from the --user op-\n" " tion are not actually used.\n" "\n" " If this option is used several times, only the first one is\n" " used.\n" "\n" , stdout); fputs( " Example:\n" " curl --negotiate -u : https://example.com\n" "\n" " See also --basic, --ntlm, --anyauth and --proxy-negotiate.\n" "\n" " --netrc-file \n" " This option is similar to -n, --netrc, except that you provide\n" " the path (absolute or relative) to the netrc file that curl\n" " should use. You can only specify one netrc file per invocation.\n" , stdout); fputs( " If several --netrc-file options are provided, the last one will\n" " be used.\n" "\n" " It will abide by --netrc-optional if specified.\n" "\n" " Example:\n" " curl --netrc-file netrc https://example.com\n" "\n" " See also -n, --netrc, -u, --user and -K, --config. This option\n" " is mutually exclusive to -n, --netrc.\n" "\n" " --netrc-optional\n" " Similar to -n, --netrc, but this option makes the .netrc usage\n" , stdout); fputs( " optional and not mandatory as the --netrc option does.\n" "\n" " Example:\n" " curl --netrc-optional https://example.com\n" "\n" " See also --netrc-file. This option is mutually exclusive to -n,\n" " --netrc.\n" "\n" " -n, --netrc\n" " Makes curl scan the .netrc (_netrc on Windows) file in the\n" " user's home directory for login name and password. This is typi-\n" , stdout); fputs( " cally used for FTP on Unix. If used with HTTP, curl will enable\n" " user authentication. See netrc(5) and ftp(1) for details on the\n" " file format. Curl will not complain if that file does not have\n" " the right permissions (it should be neither world- nor group-\n" " readable). The environment variable \"HOME\" is used to find the\n" " home directory.\n" "\n" , stdout); fputs( " A quick and simple example of how to setup a .netrc to allow\n" " curl to FTP to the machine host.domain.com with user name 'my-\n" " self' and password 'secret' could look similar to:\n" "\n" " machine host.domain.com\n" " login myself\n" " password secret\n" "\n" " Example:\n" " curl --netrc https://example.com\n" "\n" " See also --netrc-file, -K, --config and -u, --user.\n" "\n" " -:, --next\n" , stdout); fputs( " Tells curl to use a separate operation for the following URL and\n" " associated options. This allows you to send several URL re-\n" " quests, each with their own specific options, for example, such\n" " as different user names or custom requests for each.\n" "\n" " --next will reset all local options and only global ones will\n" " have their values survive over to the operation following the\n" , stdout); fputs( " --next instruction. Global options include -v, --verbose,\n" " --trace, --trace-ascii and --fail-early.\n" "\n" " For example, you can do both a GET and a POST in a single com-\n" " mand line:\n" "\n" " curl www1.example.com --next -d postthis www2.example.com\n" "\n" " Examples:\n" " curl https://example.com --next -d postthis www2.example.com\n" " curl -I https://example.com --next https://example.net/\n" "\n" , stdout); fputs( " See also -Z, --parallel and -K, --config. Added in 7.36.0.\n" "\n" " --no-alpn\n" " (HTTPS) Disable the ALPN TLS extension. ALPN is enabled by de-\n" " fault if libcurl was built with an SSL library that supports\n" " ALPN. ALPN is used by a libcurl that supports HTTP/2 to negoti-\n" " ate HTTP/2 support with the server during https sessions.\n" "\n" " Example:\n" " curl --no-alpn https://example.com\n" "\n" , stdout); fputs( " See also --no-npn and --http2. --no-alpn requires that the un-\n" " derlying libcurl was built to support TLS. Added in 7.36.0.\n" "\n" " -N, --no-buffer\n" " Disables the buffering of the output stream. In normal work sit-\n" " uations, curl will use a standard buffered output stream that\n" " will have the effect that it will output the data in chunks, not\n" " necessarily exactly when the data arrives. Using this option\n" , stdout); fputs( " will disable that buffering.\n" "\n" " Note that this is the negated option name documented. You can\n" " thus use --buffer to enforce the buffering.\n" "\n" " Example:\n" " curl --no-buffer https://example.com\n" "\n" " See also -#, --progress-bar.\n" "\n" " --no-clobber\n" " When used in conjunction with the -o, --output, -J, --remote-\n" " header-name, -O, --remote-name, or --remote-name-all options,\n" , stdout); fputs( " curl avoids overwriting files that already exist. Instead, a dot\n" " and a number gets appended to the name of the file that would be\n" " created, up to filename.100 after which it will not create any\n" " file.\n" "\n" " Note that this is the negated option name documented. You can\n" " thus use --clobber to enforce the clobbering, even if --remote-\n" " header-name or -J is specified.\n" "\n" " Example:\n" , stdout); fputs( " curl --no-clobber --output local/dir/file https://example.com\n" " See also -o, --output and -O, --remote-name. Added in 7.83.0.\n" "\n" " --no-keepalive\n" " Disables the use of keepalive messages on the TCP connection.\n" " curl otherwise enables them by default.\n" "\n" " Note that this is the negated option name documented. You can\n" " thus use --keepalive to enforce keepalive.\n" "\n" " Example:\n" , stdout); fputs( " curl --no-keepalive https://example.com\n" "\n" " See also --keepalive-time.\n" "\n" " --no-npn\n" " (HTTPS) Disable the NPN TLS extension. NPN is enabled by default\n" " if libcurl was built with an SSL library that supports NPN. NPN\n" " is used by a libcurl that supports HTTP/2 to negotiate HTTP/2\n" " support with the server during https sessions.\n" "\n" " Example:\n" " curl --no-npn https://example.com\n" "\n" , stdout); fputs( " See also --no-alpn and --http2. --no-npn requires that the un-\n" " derlying libcurl was built to support TLS. Added in 7.36.0.\n" "\n" " --no-progress-meter\n" " Option to switch off the progress meter output without muting or\n" " otherwise affecting warning and informational messages like\n" " --silent does.\n" "\n" " Note that this is the negated option name documented. You can\n" , stdout); fputs( " thus use --progress-meter to enable the progress meter again.\n" "\n" " Example:\n" " curl --no-progress-meter -o store https://example.com\n" "\n" " See also -v, --verbose and -s, --silent. Added in 7.67.0.\n" "\n" " --no-sessionid\n" " (TLS) Disable curl's use of SSL session-ID caching. By default\n" " all transfers are done using the cache. Note that while nothing\n" , stdout); fputs( " should ever get hurt by attempting to reuse SSL session-IDs,\n" " there seem to be broken SSL implementations in the wild that may\n" " require you to disable this in order for you to succeed.\n" "\n" " Note that this is the negated option name documented. You can\n" " thus use --sessionid to enforce session-ID caching.\n" "\n" " Example:\n" " curl --no-sessionid https://example.com\n" "\n" " See also -k, --insecure.\n" "\n" , stdout); fputs( " --noproxy \n" " Comma-separated list of hosts for which not to use a proxy, if\n" " one is specified. The only wildcard is a single * character,\n" " which matches all hosts, and effectively disables the proxy.\n" " Each name in this list is matched as either a domain which con-\n" " tains the hostname, or the hostname itself. For example, lo-\n" , stdout); fputs( " cal.com would match local.com, local.com:80, and www.local.com,\n" " but not www.notlocal.com.\n" "\n" " Since 7.53.0, This option overrides the environment variables\n" " that disable the proxy ('no_proxy' and 'NO_PROXY'). If there's\n" " an environment variable disabling a proxy, you can set the no-\n" " proxy list to \"\" to override it.\n" "\n" " Example:\n" " curl --noproxy \"www.example\" https://example.com\n" "\n" , stdout); fputs( " See also -x, --proxy.\n" "\n" " --ntlm-wb\n" " (HTTP) Enables NTLM much in the style --ntlm does, but hand over\n" " the authentication to the separate binary ntlmauth application\n" " that is executed when needed.\n" "\n" " Example:\n" " curl --ntlm-wb -u user:password https://example.com\n" "\n" " See also --ntlm and --proxy-ntlm.\n" "\n" " --ntlm (HTTP) Enables NTLM authentication. The NTLM authentication\n" , stdout); fputs( " method was designed by Microsoft and is used by IIS web servers.\n" " It is a proprietary protocol, reverse-engineered by clever peo-\n" " ple and implemented in curl based on their efforts. This kind of\n" " behavior should not be endorsed, you should encourage everyone\n" " who uses NTLM to switch to a public and documented authentica-\n" " tion method instead, such as Digest.\n" "\n" , stdout); fputs( " If you want to enable NTLM for your proxy authentication, then\n" " use --proxy-ntlm.\n" "\n" " If this option is used several times, only the first one is\n" " used.\n" "\n" " Example:\n" " curl --ntlm -u user:password https://example.com\n" "\n" " See also --proxy-ntlm. --ntlm requires that the underlying\n" " libcurl was built to support TLS. This option is mutually exclu-\n" , stdout); fputs( " sive to --basic and --negotiate and --digest and --anyauth.\n" "\n" " --oauth2-bearer \n" " (IMAP LDAP POP3 SMTP HTTP) Specify the Bearer Token for OAUTH\n" " 2.0 server authentication. The Bearer Token is used in conjunc-\n" " tion with the user name which can be specified as part of the\n" " --url or --user options.\n" "\n" " The Bearer Token and user name are formatted according to RFC\n" " 6750.\n" "\n" , stdout); fputs( " If this option is used several times, the last one will be used.\n" "\n" " Example:\n" " curl --oauth2-bearer \"mF_9.B5f-4.1JqM\" https://example.com\n" "\n" " See also --basic, --ntlm and --digest. Added in 7.33.0.\n" "\n" " --output-dir \n" "\n" " This option specifies the directory in which files should be\n" " stored, when --remote-name or --output are used.\n" "\n" " The given output directory is used for all URLs and output op-\n" , stdout); fputs( " tions on the command line, up until the first -:, --next.\n" "\n" " If the specified target directory does not exist, the operation\n" " will fail unless --create-dirs is also used.\n" "\n" " If this option is used multiple times, the last specified direc-\n" " tory will be used.\n" "\n" " Example:\n" " curl --output-dir \"tmp\" -O https://example.com\n" "\n" " See also -O, --remote-name and -J, --remote-header-name. Added\n" , stdout); fputs( " in 7.73.0.\n" "\n" " -o, --output \n" " Write output to instead of stdout. If you are using {} or\n" " [] to fetch multiple documents, you should quote the URL and you\n" " can use '#' followed by a number in the specifier. That\n" " variable will be replaced with the current string for the URL\n" " being fetched. Like in:\n" "\n" " curl \"http://{one,two}.example.com\" -o \"file_#1.txt\"\n" "\n" , stdout); fputs( " or use several variables like:\n" "\n" " curl \"http://{site,host}.host[1-5].com\" -o \"#1_#2\"\n" "\n" " You may use this option as many times as the number of URLs you\n" " have. For example, if you specify two URLs on the same command\n" " line, you can use it like this:\n" "\n" " curl -o aa example.com -o bb example.net\n" "\n" " and the order of the -o options and the URLs does not matter,\n" , stdout); fputs( " just that the first -o is for the first URL and so on, so the\n" " above command line can also be written as\n" "\n" " curl example.com example.net -o aa -o bb\n" "\n" " See also the --create-dirs option to create the local directo-\n" " ries dynamically. Specifying the output as '-' (a single dash)\n" " will force the output to be done to stdout.\n" "\n" " To suppress response bodies, you can redirect output to\n" , stdout); fputs( " /dev/null:\n" "\n" " curl example.com -o /dev/null\n" "\n" " Or for Windows use nul:\n" " curl example.com -o nul\n" "\n" " Examples:\n" " curl -o file https://example.com\n" " curl \"http://{one,two}.example.com\" -o \"file_#1.txt\"\n" " curl \"http://{site,host}.host[1-5].com\" -o \"#1_#2\"\n" " curl -o file https://example.com -o file2 https://example.net\n" "\n" , stdout); fputs( " See also -O, --remote-name, --remote-name-all and -J, --remote-\n" " header-name.\n" "\n" " --parallel-immediate\n" " When doing parallel transfers, this option will instruct curl\n" " that it should rather prefer opening up more connections in par-\n" " allel at once rather than waiting to see if new transfers can be\n" " added as multiplexed streams on another connection.\n" "\n" , stdout); fputs( " This option is global and does not need to be specified for each\n" " use of -:, --next.\n" "\n" " Example:\n" " curl --parallel-immediate -Z https://example.com -o file1 https://example.com -o file2\n" "\n" " See also -Z, --parallel and --parallel-max. Added in 7.68.0.\n" "\n" " --parallel-max \n" " When asked to do parallel transfers, using -Z, --parallel, this\n" , stdout); fputs( " option controls the maximum amount of transfers to do simultane-\n" " ously.\n" "\n" " This option is global and does not need to be specified for each\n" " use of -:, --next.\n" " The default is 50.\n" "\n" " Example:\n" " curl --parallel-max 100 -Z https://example.com ftp://example.com/\n" "\n" " See also -Z, --parallel. Added in 7.66.0.\n" "\n" " -Z, --parallel\n" , stdout); fputs( " Makes curl perform its transfers in parallel as compared to the\n" " regular serial manner.\n" "\n" " This option is global and does not need to be specified for each\n" " use of -:, --next.\n" "\n" " Example:\n" " curl --parallel https://example.com -o file1 https://example.com -o file2\n" "\n" " See also -:, --next and -v, --verbose. Added in 7.66.0.\n" "\n" " --pass \n" " (SSH TLS) Passphrase for the private key.\n" "\n" , stdout); fputs( " If this option is used several times, the last one will be used.\n" "\n" " Example:\n" " curl --pass secret --key file https://example.com\n" "\n" " See also --key and -u, --user.\n" "\n" " --path-as-is\n" " Tell curl to not handle sequences of /../ or /./ in the given\n" " URL path. Normally curl will squash or merge them according to\n" " standards but with this option set you tell it not to do that.\n" "\n" " Example:\n" , stdout); fputs( " curl --path-as-is https://example.com/../../etc/passwd\n" "\n" " See also --request-target. Added in 7.42.0.\n" "\n" " --pinnedpubkey \n" " (TLS) Tells curl to use the specified public key file (or\n" " hashes) to verify the peer. This can be a path to a file which\n" " contains a single public key in PEM or DER format, or any number\n" " of base64 encoded sha256 hashes preceded by 'sha256//' and sepa-\n" , stdout); fputs( " rated by ';'.\n" "\n" " When negotiating a TLS or SSL connection, the server sends a\n" " certificate indicating its identity. A public key is extracted\n" " from this certificate and if it does not exactly match the pub-\n" " lic key provided to this option, curl will abort the connection\n" " before sending or receiving any data.\n" "\n" " PEM/DER support:\n" "\n" " 7.39.0: OpenSSL, GnuTLS and GSKit\n" "\n" , stdout); fputs( " 7.43.0: NSS and wolfSSL\n" "\n" " 7.47.0: mbedtls\n" " sha256 support:\n" "\n" " 7.44.0: OpenSSL, GnuTLS, NSS and wolfSSL\n" "\n" " 7.47.0: mbedtls\n" "\n" " Other SSL backends not supported.\n" "\n" " If this option is used several times, the last one will be used.\n" "\n" " Examples:\n" " curl --pinnedpubkey keyfile https://example.com\n" " curl --pinnedpubkey 'sha256//ce118b51897f4452dc' https://example.com\n" "\n" , stdout); fputs( " See also --hostpubsha256. Added in 7.39.0.\n" "\n" " --post301\n" " (HTTP) Tells curl to respect RFC 7231/6.4.2 and not convert POST\n" " requests into GET requests when following a 301 redirection. The\n" " non-RFC behavior is ubiquitous in web browsers, so curl does the\n" " conversion by default to maintain consistency. However, a server\n" " may require a POST to remain a POST after such a redirection.\n" , stdout); fputs( " This option is meaningful only when using -L, --location.\n" "\n" " Example:\n" " curl --post301 --location -d \"data\" https://example.com\n" "\n" " See also --post302, --post303 and -L, --location.\n" "\n" " --post302\n" " (HTTP) Tells curl to respect RFC 7231/6.4.3 and not convert POST\n" " requests into GET requests when following a 302 redirection. The\n" " non-RFC behavior is ubiquitous in web browsers, so curl does the\n" , stdout); fputs( " conversion by default to maintain consistency. However, a server\n" " may require a POST to remain a POST after such a redirection.\n" " This option is meaningful only when using -L, --location.\n" "\n" " Example:\n" " curl --post302 --location -d \"data\" https://example.com\n" "\n" " See also --post301, --post303 and -L, --location.\n" "\n" " --post303\n" " (HTTP) Tells curl to violate RFC 7231/6.4.4 and not convert POST\n" , stdout); fputs( " requests into GET requests when following 303 redirections. A\n" " server may require a POST to remain a POST after a 303 redirect-\n" " ion. This option is meaningful only when using -L, --location.\n" "\n" " Example:\n" " curl --post303 --location -d \"data\" https://example.com\n" "\n" " See also --post302, --post301 and -L, --location.\n" "\n" " --preproxy [protocol://]host[:port]\n" , stdout); fputs( " Use the specified SOCKS proxy before connecting to an HTTP or\n" " HTTPS -x, --proxy. In such a case curl first connects to the\n" " SOCKS proxy and then connects (through SOCKS) to the HTTP or\n" " HTTPS proxy. Hence pre proxy.\n" "\n" " The pre proxy string should be specified with a protocol:// pre-\n" " fix to specify alternative proxy protocols. Use socks4://,\n" , stdout); fputs( " socks4a://, socks5:// or socks5h:// to request the specific\n" " SOCKS version to be used. No protocol specified will make curl\n" " default to SOCKS4.\n" "\n" " If the port number is not specified in the proxy string, it is\n" " assumed to be 1080.\n" "\n" " User and password that might be provided in the proxy string are\n" " URL decoded by curl. This allows you to pass in special charac-\n" , stdout); fputs( " ters such as @ by using %40 or pass in a colon with %3a.\n" "\n" " If this option is used several times, the last one will be used.\n" "\n" " Example:\n" " curl --preproxy socks5://proxy.example -x http://http.example https://example.com\n" "\n" " See also -x, --proxy and --socks5. Added in 7.52.0.\n" "\n" " -#, --progress-bar\n" " Make curl display transfer progress as a simple progress bar in-\n" , stdout); fputs( " stead of the standard, more informational, meter.\n" "\n" " This progress bar draws a single line of '#' characters across\n" " the screen and shows a percentage if the transfer size is known.\n" " For transfers without a known size, there will be space ship\n" " (-=o=-) that moves back and forth but only while data is being\n" " transferred, with a set of flying hash sign symbols on top.\n" "\n" , stdout); fputs( " This option is global and does not need to be specified for each\n" " use of -:, --next.\n" "\n" " Example:\n" " curl -# -O https://example.com\n" "\n" " See also --styled-output.\n" "\n" " --proto-default \n" " Tells curl to use protocol for any URL missing a scheme name.\n" "\n" " An unknown or unsupported protocol causes error CURLE_UNSUP-\n" " PORTED_PROTOCOL (1).\n" "\n" , stdout); fputs( " This option does not change the default proxy protocol (http).\n" "\n" " Without this option set, curl guesses protocol based on the host\n" " name, see --url for details.\n" "\n" " Example:\n" " curl --proto-default https ftp.example.com\n" "\n" " See also --proto and --proto-redir. Added in 7.45.0.\n" "\n" " --proto-redir \n" " Tells curl to limit what protocols it may use on redirect. Pro-\n" , stdout); fputs( " tocols denied by --proto are not overridden by this option. See\n" " --proto for how protocols are represented.\n" "\n" " Example, allow only HTTP and HTTPS on redirect:\n" "\n" " curl --proto-redir -all,http,https http://example.com\n" "\n" " By default curl will only allow HTTP, HTTPS, FTP and FTPS on re-\n" " direct (since 7.65.2). Specifying all or +all enables all proto-\n" " cols on redirects, which is not good for security.\n" "\n" , stdout); fputs( " Example:\n" " curl --proto-redir =http,https https://example.com\n" "\n" " See also --proto.\n" "\n" " --proto \n" " Tells curl to limit what protocols it may use for transfers.\n" " Protocols are evaluated left to right, are comma separated, and\n" " are each a protocol name or 'all', optionally prefixed by zero\n" " or more modifiers. Available modifiers are:\n" "\n" , stdout); fputs( " + Permit this protocol in addition to protocols already permit-\n" " ted (this is the default if no modifier is used).\n" "\n" " - Deny this protocol, removing it from the list of protocols\n" " already permitted.\n" "\n" " = Permit only this protocol (ignoring the list already permit-\n" " ted), though subject to later modification by subsequent en-\n" " tries in the comma separated list.\n" "\n" , stdout); fputs( " For example:\n" "\n" " --proto -ftps uses the default protocols, but disables ftps\n" "\n" " --proto -all,https,+http\n" " only enables http and https\n" "\n" " --proto =http,https\n" " also only enables http and https\n" "\n" " Unknown protocols produce a warning. This allows scripts to\n" " safely rely on being able to disable potentially dangerous pro-\n" , stdout); fputs( " tocols, without relying upon support for that protocol being\n" " built into curl to avoid an error.\n" "\n" " This option can be used multiple times, in which case the effect\n" " is the same as concatenating the protocols into one instance of\n" " the option.\n" "\n" " Example:\n" " curl --proto =http,https,sftp https://example.com\n" "\n" " See also --proto-redir and --proto-default.\n" "\n" " --proxy-anyauth\n" , stdout); fputs( " Tells curl to pick a suitable authentication method when commu-\n" " nicating with the given HTTP proxy. This might cause an extra\n" " request/response round-trip.\n" "\n" " Example:\n" " curl --proxy-anyauth --proxy-user user:passwd -x proxy https://example.com\n" "\n" " See also -x, --proxy, --proxy-basic and --proxy-digest.\n" "\n" " --proxy-basic\n" " Tells curl to use HTTP Basic authentication when communicating\n" , stdout); fputs( " with the given proxy. Use --basic for enabling HTTP Basic with a\n" " remote host. Basic is the default authentication method curl\n" " uses with proxies.\n" "\n" " Example:\n" " curl --proxy-basic --proxy-user user:passwd -x proxy https://example.com\n" "\n" " See also -x, --proxy, --proxy-anyauth and --proxy-digest.\n" "\n" " --proxy-cacert \n" " Same as --cacert but used in HTTPS proxy context.\n" "\n" " Example:\n" , stdout); fputs( " curl --proxy-cacert CA-file.txt -x https://proxy https://example.com\n" "\n" " See also --proxy-capath, --cacert, --capath and -x, --proxy.\n" " Added in 7.52.0.\n" "\n" " --proxy-capath \n" " Same as --capath but used in HTTPS proxy context.\n" "\n" " Example:\n" " curl --proxy-capath /local/directory -x https://proxy https://example.com\n" "\n" " See also --proxy-cacert, -x, --proxy and --capath. Added in\n" , stdout); fputs( " 7.52.0.\n" "\n" " --proxy-cert-type \n" " Same as --cert-type but used in HTTPS proxy context.\n" "\n" " Example:\n" " curl --proxy-cert-type PEM --proxy-cert file -x https://proxy https://example.com\n" "\n" " See also --proxy-cert. Added in 7.52.0.\n" "\n" " --proxy-cert \n" " Same as --cert but used in HTTPS proxy context.\n" "\n" " Example:\n" " curl --proxy-cert file -x https://proxy https://example.com\n" "\n" , stdout); fputs( " See also --proxy-cert-type. Added in 7.52.0.\n" "\n" " --proxy-ciphers \n" " Same as --ciphers but used in HTTPS proxy context.\n" "\n" " Example:\n" " curl --proxy-ciphers ECDHE-ECDSA-AES256-CCM8 -x https://proxy https://example.com\n" "\n" " See also --ciphers, --curves and -x, --proxy. Added in 7.52.0.\n" "\n" " --proxy-crlfile \n" " Same as --crlfile but used in HTTPS proxy context.\n" "\n" " Example:\n" , stdout); fputs( " curl --proxy-crlfile rejects.txt -x https://proxy https://example.com\n" "\n" " See also --crlfile and -x, --proxy. Added in 7.52.0.\n" "\n" " --proxy-digest\n" " Tells curl to use HTTP Digest authentication when communicating\n" " with the given proxy. Use --digest for enabling HTTP Digest with\n" " a remote host.\n" "\n" " Example:\n" " curl --proxy-digest --proxy-user user:passwd -x proxy https://example.com\n" "\n" , stdout); fputs( " See also -x, --proxy, --proxy-anyauth and --proxy-basic.\n" "\n" " --proxy-header
\n" " (HTTP) Extra header to include in the request when sending HTTP\n" " to a proxy. You may specify any number of extra headers. This is\n" " the equivalent option to --header but is for proxy communication\n" " only like in CONNECT requests when you want a separate header\n" " sent to the proxy to what is sent to the actual remote host.\n" , stdout); fputs( "\n" " curl will make sure that each header you add/replace is sent\n" " with the proper end-of-line marker, you should thus not add that\n" " as a part of the header content: do not add newlines or carriage\n" " returns, they will only mess things up for you.\n" "\n" " Headers specified with this option will not be included in re-\n" " quests that curl knows will not be sent to a proxy.\n" "\n" , stdout); fputs( " Starting in 7.55.0, this option can take an argument in @file-\n" " name style, which then adds a header for each line in the input\n" " file. Using @- will make curl read the header file from stdin.\n" "\n" " This option can be used multiple times to add/replace/remove\n" " multiple headers.\n" "\n" " Examples:\n" " curl --proxy-header \"X-First-Name: Joe\" -x http://proxy https://example.com\n" , stdout); fputs( " curl --proxy-header \"User-Agent: surprise\" -x http://proxy https://example.com\n" " curl --proxy-header \"Host:\" -x http://proxy https://example.com\n" "\n" " See also -x, --proxy. Added in 7.37.0.\n" "\n" " --proxy-insecure\n" " Same as --insecure but used in HTTPS proxy context.\n" "\n" " Example:\n" " curl --proxy-insecure -x https://proxy https://example.com\n" "\n" " See also -x, --proxy and -k, --insecure. Added in 7.52.0.\n" "\n" , stdout); fputs( " --proxy-key-type \n" " Same as --key-type but used in HTTPS proxy context.\n" "\n" " Example:\n" " curl --proxy-key-type DER --proxy-key here -x https://proxy https://example.com\n" "\n" " See also --proxy-key and -x, --proxy. Added in 7.52.0.\n" "\n" " --proxy-key \n" " Same as --key but used in HTTPS proxy context.\n" "\n" " Example:\n" " curl --proxy-key here -x https://proxy https://example.com\n" "\n" , stdout); fputs( " See also --proxy-key-type and -x, --proxy. Added in 7.52.0.\n" "\n" " --proxy-negotiate\n" " Tells curl to use HTTP Negotiate (SPNEGO) authentication when\n" " communicating with the given proxy. Use --negotiate for enabling\n" " HTTP Negotiate (SPNEGO) with a remote host.\n" "\n" " Example:\n" " curl --proxy-negotiate --proxy-user user:passwd -x proxy https://example.com\n" "\n" " See also --proxy-anyauth and --proxy-basic.\n" "\n" , stdout); fputs( " --proxy-ntlm\n" " Tells curl to use HTTP NTLM authentication when communicating\n" " with the given proxy. Use --ntlm for enabling NTLM with a remote\n" " host.\n" "\n" " Example:\n" " curl --proxy-ntlm --proxy-user user:passwd -x http://proxy https://example.com\n" "\n" " See also --proxy-negotiate and --proxy-anyauth.\n" "\n" " --proxy-pass \n" " Same as --pass but used in HTTPS proxy context.\n" "\n" " Example:\n" , stdout); fputs( " curl --proxy-pass secret --proxy-key here -x https://proxy https://example.com\n" "\n" " See also -x, --proxy and --proxy-key. Added in 7.52.0.\n" "\n" " --proxy-pinnedpubkey \n" " (TLS) Tells curl to use the specified public key file (or\n" " hashes) to verify the proxy. This can be a path to a file which\n" " contains a single public key in PEM or DER format, or any number\n" , stdout); fputs( " of base64 encoded sha256 hashes preceded by 'sha256//' and sepa-\n" " rated by ';'.\n" "\n" " When negotiating a TLS or SSL connection, the server sends a\n" " certificate indicating its identity. A public key is extracted\n" " from this certificate and if it does not exactly match the pub-\n" " lic key provided to this option, curl will abort the connection\n" " before sending or receiving any data.\n" "\n" , stdout); fputs( " If this option is used several times, the last one will be used.\n" "\n" " Examples:\n" " curl --proxy-pinnedpubkey keyfile https://example.com\n" " curl --proxy-pinnedpubkey 'sha256//ce118b51897f4452dc' https://example.com\n" "\n" " See also --pinnedpubkey and -x, --proxy. Added in 7.59.0.\n" "\n" " --proxy-service-name \n" " This option allows you to change the service name for proxy ne-\n" " gotiation.\n" "\n" " Example:\n" , stdout); fputs( " curl --proxy-service-name \"shrubbery\" -x proxy https://example.com\n" "\n" " See also --service-name and -x, --proxy. Added in 7.43.0.\n" "\n" " --proxy-ssl-allow-beast\n" " Same as --ssl-allow-beast but used in HTTPS proxy context.\n" "\n" " Example:\n" " curl --proxy-ssl-allow-beast -x https://proxy https://example.com\n" "\n" " See also --ssl-allow-beast and -x, --proxy. Added in 7.52.0.\n" "\n" " --proxy-ssl-auto-client-cert\n" , stdout); fputs( " Same as --ssl-auto-client-cert but used in HTTPS proxy context.\n" "\n" " Example:\n" " curl --proxy-ssl-auto-client-cert -x https://proxy https://example.com\n" "\n" " See also --ssl-auto-client-cert and -x, --proxy. Added in\n" " 7.77.0.\n" "\n" " --proxy-tls13-ciphers \n" " (TLS) Specifies which cipher suites to use in the connection to\n" " your HTTPS proxy when it negotiates TLS 1.3. The list of ciphers\n" , stdout); fputs( " suites must specify valid ciphers. Read up on TLS 1.3 cipher\n" " suite details on this URL:\n" "\n" " https://curl.se/docs/ssl-ciphers.html\n" "\n" " This option is currently used only when curl is built to use\n" " OpenSSL 1.1.1 or later. If you are using a different SSL backend\n" " you can try setting TLS 1.3 cipher suites by using the --proxy-\n" " ciphers option.\n" "\n" , stdout); fputs( " If this option is used several times, the last one will be used.\n" "\n" " Example:\n" " curl --proxy-tls13-ciphers TLS_AES_128_GCM_SHA256 -x proxy https://example.com\n" "\n" " See also --tls13-ciphers and --curves. Added in 7.61.0.\n" "\n" " --proxy-tlsauthtype \n" " Same as --tlsauthtype but used in HTTPS proxy context.\n" "\n" " Example:\n" " curl --proxy-tlsauthtype SRP -x https://proxy https://example.com\n" "\n" , stdout); fputs( " See also -x, --proxy and --proxy-tlsuser. Added in 7.52.0.\n" "\n" " --proxy-tlspassword \n" " Same as --tlspassword but used in HTTPS proxy context.\n" "\n" " Example:\n" " curl --proxy-tlspassword passwd -x https://proxy https://example.com\n" "\n" " See also -x, --proxy and --proxy-tlsuser. Added in 7.52.0.\n" "\n" " --proxy-tlsuser \n" " Same as --tlsuser but used in HTTPS proxy context.\n" "\n" " Example:\n" , stdout); fputs( " curl --proxy-tlsuser smith -x https://proxy https://example.com\n" "\n" " See also -x, --proxy and --proxy-tlspassword. Added in 7.52.0.\n" "\n" " --proxy-tlsv1\n" " Same as --tlsv1 but used in HTTPS proxy context.\n" "\n" " Example:\n" " curl --proxy-tlsv1 -x https://proxy https://example.com\n" "\n" " See also -x, --proxy. Added in 7.52.0.\n" "\n" " -U, --proxy-user \n" , stdout); fputs( " Specify the user name and password to use for proxy authentica-\n" " tion.\n" "\n" " If you use a Windows SSPI-enabled curl binary and do either Ne-\n" " gotiate or NTLM authentication then you can tell curl to select\n" " the user name and password from your environment by specifying a\n" " single colon with this option: \"-U :\".\n" "\n" " On systems where it works, curl will hide the given option argu-\n" , stdout); fputs( " ment from process listings. This is not enough to protect cre-\n" " dentials from possibly getting seen by other users on the same\n" " system as they will still be visible for a moment before\n" " cleared. Such sensitive data should be retrieved from a file in-\n" " stead or similar and never used in clear text in a command line.\n" " If this option is used several times, the last one will be used.\n" "\n" " Example:\n" , stdout); fputs( " curl --proxy-user name:pwd -x proxy https://example.com\n" "\n" " See also --proxy-pass.\n" "\n" " -x, --proxy [protocol://]host[:port]\n" " Use the specified proxy.\n" "\n" " The proxy string can be specified with a protocol:// prefix. No\n" " protocol specified or http:// will be treated as HTTP proxy. Use\n" " socks4://, socks4a://, socks5:// or socks5h:// to request a spe-\n" " cific SOCKS version to be used.\n" "\n" , stdout); fputs( " Unix domain sockets are supported for socks proxy. Set localhost\n" " for the host part. e.g. socks5h://localhost/path/to/socket.sock\n" "\n" " HTTPS proxy support via https:// protocol prefix was added in\n" " 7.52.0 for OpenSSL, GnuTLS and NSS.\n" "\n" " Unrecognized and unsupported proxy protocols cause an error\n" " since 7.52.0. Prior versions may ignore the protocol and use\n" " http:// instead.\n" "\n" , stdout); fputs( " If the port number is not specified in the proxy string, it is\n" " assumed to be 1080.\n" "\n" " This option overrides existing environment variables that set\n" " the proxy to use. If there's an environment variable setting a\n" " proxy, you can set proxy to \"\" to override it.\n" "\n" " All operations that are performed over an HTTP proxy will trans-\n" " parently be converted to HTTP. It means that certain protocol\n" , stdout); fputs( " specific operations might not be available. This is not the case\n" " if you can tunnel through the proxy, as one with the --proxytun-\n" " nel option.\n" "\n" " User and password that might be provided in the proxy string are\n" " URL decoded by curl. This allows you to pass in special charac-\n" " ters such as @ by using %40 or pass in a colon with %3a.\n" "\n" " The proxy host can be specified the same way as the proxy envi-\n" , stdout); fputs( " ronment variables, including the protocol prefix (http://) and\n" " the embedded user + password.\n" "\n" " If this option is used several times, the last one will be used.\n" "\n" " Example:\n" " curl --proxy http://proxy.example https://example.com\n" "\n" " See also --socks5 and --proxy-basic.\n" "\n" " --proxy1.0 \n" " Use the specified HTTP 1.0 proxy. If the port number is not\n" , stdout); fputs( " specified, it is assumed at port 1080.\n" "\n" " The only difference between this and the HTTP proxy option -x,\n" " --proxy, is that attempts to use CONNECT through the proxy will\n" " specify an HTTP 1.0 protocol instead of the default HTTP 1.1.\n" "\n" " Example:\n" " curl --proxy1.0 -x http://proxy https://example.com\n" "\n" " See also -x, --proxy, --socks5 and --preproxy.\n" "\n" " -p, --proxytunnel\n" , stdout); fputs( " When an HTTP proxy is used -x, --proxy, this option will make\n" " curl tunnel through the proxy. The tunnel approach is made with\n" " the HTTP proxy CONNECT request and requires that the proxy al-\n" " lows direct connect to the remote port number curl wants to tun-\n" " nel through to.\n" "\n" " To suppress proxy CONNECT response headers when curl is set to\n" " output headers use --suppress-connect-headers.\n" "\n" , stdout); fputs( " Example:\n" " curl --proxytunnel -x http://proxy https://example.com\n" "\n" " See also -x, --proxy.\n" "\n" " --pubkey \n" " (SFTP SCP) Public key file name. Allows you to provide your pub-\n" " lic key in this separate file.\n" "\n" " If this option is used several times, the last one will be used.\n" " (As of 7.39.0, curl attempts to automatically extract the public\n" , stdout); fputs( " key from the private key file, so passing this option is gener-\n" " ally not required. Note that this public key extraction requires\n" " libcurl to be linked against a copy of libssh2 1.2.8 or higher\n" " that is itself linked against OpenSSL.)\n" "\n" " Example:\n" " curl --pubkey file.pub sftp://example.com/\n" "\n" " See also --pass.\n" "\n" " -Q, --quote \n" , stdout); fputs( " (FTP SFTP) Send an arbitrary command to the remote FTP or SFTP\n" " server. Quote commands are sent BEFORE the transfer takes place\n" " (just after the initial PWD command in an FTP transfer, to be\n" " exact). To make commands take place after a successful transfer,\n" " prefix them with a dash '-'.\n" "\n" " (FTP only) To make commands be sent after curl has changed the\n" , stdout); fputs( " working directory, just before the file transfer command(s),\n" " prefix the command with a '+'. This is not performed when a di-\n" " rectory listing is performed.\n" "\n" " You may specify any number of commands.\n" "\n" " By default curl will stop at first failure. To make curl con-\n" " tinue even if the command fails, prefix the command with an as-\n" " terisk (*). Otherwise, if the server returns failure for one of\n" , stdout); fputs( " the commands, the entire operation will be aborted.\n" "\n" " You must send syntactically correct FTP commands as RFC 959 de-\n" " fines to FTP servers, or one of the commands listed below to\n" " SFTP servers.\n" "\n" " This option can be used multiple times.\n" "\n" " SFTP is a binary protocol. Unlike for FTP, curl interprets SFTP\n" " quote commands itself before sending them to the server. File\n" , stdout); fputs( " names may be quoted shell-style to embed spaces or special char-\n" " acters. Following is the list of all supported SFTP quote com-\n" " mands:\n" "\n" " atime date file\n" " The atime command sets the last access time of the file\n" " named by the file operand. The can be\n" " all sorts of date strings, see the curl_getdate(3) man\n" , stdout); fputs( " page for date expression details. (Added in 7.73.0)\n" "\n" " chgrp group file\n" " The chgrp command sets the group ID of the file named by\n" " the file operand to the group ID specified by the group\n" " operand. The group operand is a decimal integer group ID.\n" "\n" " chmod mode file\n" " The chmod command modifies the file mode bits of the\n" , stdout); fputs( " specified file. The mode operand is an octal integer mode\n" " number.\n" "\n" " chown user file\n" " The chown command sets the owner of the file named by the\n" " file operand to the user ID specified by the user oper-\n" " and. The user operand is a decimal integer user ID.\n" "\n" " ln source_file target_file\n" " The ln and symlink commands create a symbolic link at the\n" , stdout); fputs( " target_file location pointing to the source_file loca-\n" " tion.\n" "\n" " mkdir directory_name\n" " The mkdir command creates the directory named by the di-\n" " rectory_name operand.\n" "\n" " mtime date file\n" " The mtime command sets the last modification time of the\n" " file named by the file operand. The can\n" , stdout); fputs( " be all sorts of date strings, see the curl_getdate(3) man\n" " page for date expression details. (Added in 7.73.0)\n" "\n" " pwd The pwd command returns the absolute pathname of the cur-\n" " rent working directory.\n" "\n" " rename source target\n" " The rename command renames the file or directory named by\n" " the source operand to the destination path named by the\n" , stdout); fputs( " target operand.\n" "\n" " rm file\n" " The rm command removes the file specified by the file op-\n" " erand.\n" "\n" " rmdir directory\n" " The rmdir command removes the directory entry specified\n" " by the directory operand, provided it is empty.\n" "\n" " symlink source_file target_file\n" " See ln.\n" "\n" " Example:\n" " curl --quote \"DELE file\" ftp://example.com/foo\n" "\n" , stdout); fputs( " See also -X, --request.\n" "\n" " --random-file \n" " Deprecated option. This option is ignored by curl since 7.84.0.\n" " Prior to that it only had an effect on curl if built to use old\n" " versions of OpenSSL.\n" "\n" " Specify the path name to file containing what will be considered\n" " as random data. The data may be used to seed the random engine\n" " for SSL connections.\n" "\n" " Example:\n" , stdout); fputs( " curl --random-file rubbish https://example.com\n" "\n" " See also --egd-file.\n" "\n" " -r, --range \n" " (HTTP FTP SFTP FILE) Retrieve a byte range (i.e. a partial docu-\n" " ment) from an HTTP/1.1, FTP or SFTP server or a local FILE.\n" " Ranges can be specified in a number of ways.\n" "\n" " 0-499 specifies the first 500 bytes\n" "\n" " 500-999 specifies the second 500 bytes\n" "\n" , stdout); fputs( " -500 specifies the last 500 bytes\n" "\n" " 9500- specifies the bytes from offset 9500 and forward\n" "\n" " 0-0,-1 specifies the first and last byte only(*)(HTTP)\n" "\n" " 100-199,500-599\n" " specifies two separate 100-byte ranges(*) (HTTP)\n" "\n" " (*) = NOTE that this will cause the server to reply with a mul-\n" " tipart response, which will be returned as-is by curl! Parsing\n" , stdout); fputs( " or otherwise transforming this response is the responsibility of\n" " the caller.\n" "\n" " Only digit characters (0-9) are valid in the 'start' and 'stop'\n" " fields of the 'start-stop' range syntax. If a non-digit charac-\n" " ter is given in the range, the server's response will be unspec-\n" " ified, depending on the server's configuration.\n" "\n" " You should also be aware that many HTTP/1.1 servers do not have\n" , stdout); fputs( " this feature enabled, so that when you attempt to get a range,\n" " you will instead get the whole document.\n" "\n" " FTP and SFTP range downloads only support the simple 'start-\n" " stop' syntax (optionally with one of the numbers omitted). FTP\n" " use depends on the extended FTP command SIZE.\n" "\n" " If this option is used several times, the last one will be used.\n" "\n" " Example:\n" , stdout); fputs( " curl --range 22-44 https://example.com\n" "\n" " See also -C, --continue-at and -a, --append.\n" "\n" " --rate \n" " Specify the maximum transfer frequency you allow curl to use -\n" " in number of transfer starts per time unit (sometimes called re-\n" " quest rate). Without this option, curl will start the next\n" " transfer as fast as possible.\n" "\n" , stdout); fputs( " If given several URLs and a transfer completes faster than the\n" " allowed rate, curl will wait until the next transfer is started\n" " to maintain the requested rate. This option has no effect when\n" " --parallel is used.\n" "\n" " The request rate is provided as \"N/U\" where N is an integer num-\n" " ber and U is a time unit. Supported units are 's' (second), 'm'\n" , stdout); fputs( " (minute), 'h' (hour) and 'd' /(day, as in a 24 hour unit). The\n" " default time unit, if no \"/U\" is provided, is number of trans-\n" " fers per hour.\n" "\n" " If curl is told to allow 10 requests per minute, it will not\n" " start the next request until 6 seconds have elapsed since the\n" " previous transfer was started.\n" "\n" " This function uses millisecond resolution. If the allowed fre-\n" , stdout); fputs( " quency is set more than 1000 per second, it will instead run un-\n" " restricted.\n" "\n" " When retrying transfers, enabled with --retry, the separate\n" " retry delay logic is used and not this setting.\n" "\n" " If this option is used several times, the last one will be used.\n" "\n" " Examples:\n" " curl --rate 2/s https://example.com\n" " curl --rate 3/h https://example.com\n" , stdout); fputs( " curl --rate 14/m https://example.com\n" "\n" " See also --limit-rate and --retry-delay. Added in 7.84.0.\n" "\n" " --raw (HTTP) When used, it disables all internal HTTP decoding of con-\n" " tent or transfer encodings and instead makes them passed on un-\n" " altered, raw.\n" "\n" " Example:\n" " curl --raw https://example.com\n" "\n" " See also --tr-encoding.\n" "\n" " -e, --referer \n" , stdout); fputs( " (HTTP) Sends the \"Referrer Page\" information to the HTTP server.\n" " This can also be set with the --header flag of course. When used\n" " with --location you can append \";auto\" to the --referer URL to\n" " make curl automatically set the previous URL when it follows a\n" " Location: header. The \";auto\" string can be used alone, even if\n" " you do not set an initial -e, --referer.\n" "\n" , stdout); fputs( " If this option is used several times, the last one will be used.\n" "\n" " Examples:\n" " curl --referer \"https://fake.example\" https://example.com\n" " curl --referer \"https://fake.example;auto\" -L https://example.com\n" " curl --referer \";auto\" -L https://example.com\n" "\n" " See also -A, --user-agent and -H, --header.\n" "\n" " -J, --remote-header-name\n" " (HTTP) This option tells the --remote-name option to use the\n" , stdout); fputs( " server-specified Content-Disposition filename instead of ex-\n" " tracting a filename from the URL. If the server-provided file\n" " name contains a path, that will be stripped off before the file\n" " name is used.\n" "\n" " The file is saved in the current directory, or in the directory\n" " specified with --output-dir.\n" "\n" " If the server specifies a file name and a file with that name\n" , stdout); fputs( " already exists in the destination directory, it will not be\n" " overwritten and an error will occur. If the server does not\n" " specify a file name then this option has no effect.\n" "\n" " There's no attempt to decode %-sequences (yet) in the provided\n" " file name, so this option may provide you with rather unexpected\n" " file names.\n" "\n" " WARNING: Exercise judicious use of this option, especially on\n" , stdout); fputs( " Windows. A rogue server could send you the name of a DLL or\n" " other file that could be loaded automatically by Windows or some\n" " third party software.\n" "\n" " Example:\n" " curl -OJ https://example.com/file\n" "\n" " See also -O, --remote-name.\n" "\n" " --remote-name-all\n" " This option changes the default action for all given URLs to be\n" " dealt with as if --remote-name were used for each one. So if you\n" , stdout); fputs( " want to disable that for a specific URL after --remote-name-all\n" " has been used, you must use \"-o -\" or --no-remote-name.\n" "\n" " Example:\n" " curl --remote-name-all ftp://example.com/file1 ftp://example.com/file2\n" "\n" " See also -O, --remote-name.\n" "\n" " -O, --remote-name\n" " Write output to a local file named like the remote file we get.\n" " (Only the file part of the remote file is used, the path is cut\n" , stdout); fputs( " off.)\n" "\n" " The file will be saved in the current working directory. If you\n" " want the file saved in a different directory, make sure you\n" " change the current working directory before invoking curl with\n" " this option or use --output-dir.\n" "\n" " The remote file name to use for saving is extracted from the\n" " given URL, nothing else, and if it already exists it will be\n" , stdout); fputs( " overwritten. If you want the server to be able to choose the\n" " file name refer to --remote-header-name which can be used in ad-\n" " dition to this option. If the server chooses a file name and\n" " that name already exists it will not be overwritten.\n" "\n" " There is no URL decoding done on the file name. If it has %20 or\n" " other URL encoded parts of the name, they will end up as-is as\n" " file name.\n" "\n" , stdout); fputs( " You may use this option as many times as the number of URLs you\n" " have.\n" "\n" " Example:\n" " curl -O https://example.com/filename\n" "\n" " See also --remote-name-all, --output-dir and -J, --remote-\n" " header-name.\n" "\n" " -R, --remote-time\n" " When used, this will make curl attempt to figure out the time-\n" " stamp of the remote file, and if that is available make the lo-\n" , stdout); fputs( " cal file get that same timestamp.\n" "\n" " Example:\n" " curl --remote-time -o foo https://example.com\n" "\n" " See also -O, --remote-name and -z, --time-cond.\n" "\n" " --remove-on-error\n" " When curl returns an error when told to save output in a local\n" " file, this option removes that saved file before exiting. This\n" " prevents curl from leaving a partial file in the case of an er-\n" " ror during transfer.\n" "\n" , stdout); fputs( " If the output is not a file, this option has no effect.\n" "\n" " Example:\n" " curl --remove-on-error -o output https://example.com\n" "\n" " See also -f, --fail. Added in 7.83.0.\n" "\n" " --request-target \n" " (HTTP) Tells curl to use an alternative \"target\" (path) instead\n" " of using the path as provided in the URL. Particularly useful\n" " when wanting to issue HTTP requests without leading slash or\n" , stdout); fputs( " other data that does not follow the regular URL pattern, like\n" " \"OPTIONS *\".\n" "\n" " Example:\n" " curl --request-target \"*\" -X OPTIONS https://example.com\n" "\n" " See also -X, --request. Added in 7.55.0.\n" "\n" " -X, --request \n" " (HTTP) Specifies a custom request method to use when communicat-\n" " ing with the HTTP server. The specified request method will be\n" , stdout); fputs( " used instead of the method otherwise used (which defaults to\n" " GET). Read the HTTP 1.1 specification for details and explana-\n" " tions. Common additional HTTP requests include PUT and DELETE,\n" " but related technologies like WebDAV offers PROPFIND, COPY, MOVE\n" " and more.\n" "\n" " Normally you do not need this option. All sorts of GET, HEAD,\n" " POST and PUT requests are rather invoked by using dedicated com-\n" , stdout); fputs( " mand line options.\n" "\n" " This option only changes the actual word used in the HTTP re-\n" " quest, it does not alter the way curl behaves. So for example if\n" " you want to make a proper HEAD request, using -X HEAD will not\n" " suffice. You need to use the --head option.\n" "\n" " The method string you set with --request will be used for all\n" " requests, which if you for example use --location may cause un-\n" , stdout); fputs( " intended side-effects when curl does not change request method\n" " according to the HTTP 30x response codes - and similar.\n" "\n" " (FTP) Specifies a custom FTP command to use instead of LIST when\n" " doing file lists with FTP.\n" "\n" " (POP3) Specifies a custom POP3 command to use instead of LIST or\n" " RETR.\n" "\n" " (IMAP) Specifies a custom IMAP command to use instead of LIST.\n" " (Added in 7.30.0)\n" "\n" , stdout); fputs( " (SMTP) Specifies a custom SMTP command to use instead of HELP or\n" " VRFY. (Added in 7.34.0)\n" "\n" " If this option is used several times, the last one will be used.\n" "\n" " Examples:\n" " curl -X \"DELETE\" https://example.com\n" " curl -X NLST ftp://example.com/\n" "\n" " See also --request-target.\n" "\n" " --resolve <[+]host:port:addr[,addr]...>\n" " Provide a custom address for a specific host and port pair. Us-\n" , stdout); fputs( " ing this, you can make the curl requests(s) use a specified ad-\n" " dress and prevent the otherwise normally resolved address to be\n" " used. Consider it a sort of /etc/hosts alternative provided on\n" " the command line. The port number should be the number used for\n" " the specific protocol the host will be used for. It means you\n" " need several entries if you want to provide address for the same\n" , stdout); fputs( " host but different ports.\n" "\n" " By specifying '*' as host you can tell curl to resolve any host\n" " and specific port pair to the specified address. Wildcard is re-\n" " solved last so any --resolve with a specific host and port will\n" " be used first.\n" "\n" " The provided address set by this option will be used even if\n" " --ipv4 or --ipv6 is set to make curl use another IP version.\n" "\n" , stdout); fputs( " By prefixing the host with a '+' you can make the entry time out\n" " after curl's default timeout (1 minute). Note that this will\n" " only make sense for long running parallel transfers with a lot\n" " of files. In such cases, if this option is used curl will try to\n" " resolve the host as it normally would once the timeout has ex-\n" " pired.\n" "\n" " Support for providing the IP address within [brackets] was added\n" , stdout); fputs( " in 7.57.0.\n" "\n" " Support for providing multiple IP addresses per entry was added\n" " in 7.59.0.\n" "\n" " Support for resolving with wildcard was added in 7.64.0.\n" "\n" " Support for the '+' prefix was was added in 7.75.0.\n" "\n" " This option can be used many times to add many host names to re-\n" " solve.\n" "\n" " Example:\n" " curl --resolve example.com:443:127.0.0.1 https://example.com\n" "\n" , stdout); fputs( " See also --connect-to and --alt-svc.\n" "\n" " --retry-all-errors\n" " Retry on any error. This option is used together with --retry.\n" "\n" " This option is the \"sledgehammer\" of retrying. Do not use this\n" " option by default (eg in curlrc), there may be unintended conse-\n" " quences such as sending or receiving duplicate data. Do not use\n" " with redirected input or output. You'd be much better off han-\n" , stdout); fputs( " dling your unique problems in shell script. Please read the ex-\n" " ample below.\n" "\n" " WARNING: For server compatibility curl attempts to retry failed\n" " flaky transfers as close as possible to how they were started,\n" " but this is not possible with redirected input or output. For\n" " example, before retrying it removes output data from a failed\n" , stdout); fputs( " partial transfer that was written to an output file. However\n" " this is not true of data redirected to a | pipe or > file, which\n" " are not reset. We strongly suggest you do not parse or record\n" " output via redirect in combination with this option, since you\n" " may receive duplicate data.\n" "\n" " By default curl will not error on an HTTP response code that in-\n" , stdout); fputs( " dicates an HTTP error, if the transfer was successful. For exam-\n" " ple, if a server replies 404 Not Found and the reply is fully\n" " received then that is not an error. When --retry is used then\n" " curl will retry on some HTTP response codes that indicate tran-\n" " sient HTTP errors, but that does not include most 4xx response\n" " codes such as 404. If you want to retry on all response codes\n" , stdout); fputs( " that indicate HTTP errors (4xx and 5xx) then combine with -f,\n" " --fail.\n" "\n" " Example:\n" " curl --retry 5 --retry-all-errors https://example.com\n" "\n" " See also --retry. Added in 7.71.0.\n" "\n" " --retry-connrefused\n" " In addition to the other conditions, consider ECONNREFUSED as a\n" " transient error too for --retry. This option is used together\n" " with --retry.\n" "\n" " Example:\n" , stdout); fputs( " curl --retry-connrefused --retry https://example.com\n" "\n" " See also --retry and --retry-all-errors. Added in 7.52.0.\n" "\n" " --retry-delay \n" " Make curl sleep this amount of time before each retry when a\n" " transfer has failed with a transient error (it changes the de-\n" " fault backoff time algorithm between retries). This option is\n" " only interesting if --retry is also used. Setting this delay to\n" , stdout); fputs( " zero will make curl use the default backoff time.\n" "\n" " If this option is used several times, the last one will be used.\n" "\n" " Example:\n" " curl --retry-delay 5 --retry https://example.com\n" "\n" " See also --retry.\n" "\n" " --retry-max-time \n" " The retry timer is reset before the first transfer attempt. Re-\n" " tries will be done as usual (see --retry) as long as the timer\n" , stdout); fputs( " has not reached this given limit. Notice that if the timer has\n" " not reached the limit, the request will be made and while per-\n" " forming, it may take longer than this given time period. To\n" " limit a single request's maximum time, use -m, --max-time. Set\n" " this option to zero to not timeout retries.\n" "\n" " If this option is used several times, the last one will be used.\n" "\n" " Example:\n" , stdout); fputs( " curl --retry-max-time 30 --retry 10 https://example.com\n" "\n" " See also --retry.\n" "\n" " --retry \n" " If a transient error is returned when curl tries to perform a\n" " transfer, it will retry this number of times before giving up.\n" " Setting the number to 0 makes curl do no retries (which is the\n" " default). Transient error means either: a timeout, an FTP 4xx\n" , stdout); fputs( " response code or an HTTP 408, 429, 500, 502, 503 or 504 response\n" " code.\n" "\n" " When curl is about to retry a transfer, it will first wait one\n" " second and then for all forthcoming retries it will double the\n" " waiting time until it reaches 10 minutes which then will be the\n" " delay between the rest of the retries. By using --retry-delay\n" " you disable this exponential backoff algorithm. See also\n" , stdout); fputs( " --retry-max-time to limit the total time allowed for retries.\n" "\n" " Since curl 7.66.0, curl will comply with the Retry-After: re-\n" " sponse header if one was present to know when to issue the next\n" " retry.\n" "\n" " If this option is used several times, the last one will be used.\n" "\n" " Example:\n" " curl --retry 7 https://example.com\n" "\n" " See also --retry-max-time.\n" "\n" " --sasl-authzid \n" , stdout); fputs( " Use this authorization identity (authzid), during SASL PLAIN au-\n" " thentication, in addition to the authentication identity (auth-\n" " cid) as specified by -u, --user.\n" "\n" " If the option is not specified, the server will derive the au-\n" " thzid from the authcid, but if specified, and depending on the\n" " server implementation, it may be used to access another user's\n" , stdout); fputs( " inbox, that the user has been granted access to, or a shared\n" " mailbox for example.\n" "\n" " Example:\n" " curl --sasl-authzid zid imap://example.com/\n" "\n" " See also --login-options. Added in 7.66.0.\n" "\n" " --sasl-ir\n" " Enable initial response in SASL authentication.\n" "\n" " Example:\n" " curl --sasl-ir imap://example.com/\n" "\n" " See also --sasl-authzid. Added in 7.31.0.\n" "\n" " --service-name \n" , stdout); fputs( " This option allows you to change the service name for SPNEGO.\n" "\n" " Examples: --negotiate --service-name sockd would use\n" " sockd/server-name.\n" "\n" " Example:\n" " curl --service-name sockd/server https://example.com\n" "\n" " See also --negotiate and --proxy-service-name. Added in 7.43.0.\n" "\n" " -S, --show-error\n" " When used with -s, --silent, it makes curl show an error message\n" " if it fails.\n" "\n" , stdout); fputs( " This option is global and does not need to be specified for each\n" " use of -:, --next.\n" "\n" " Example:\n" " curl --show-error --silent https://example.com\n" "\n" " See also --no-progress-meter.\n" "\n" " -s, --silent\n" " Silent or quiet mode. Do not show progress meter or error mes-\n" " sages. Makes Curl mute. It will still output the data you ask\n" , stdout); fputs( " for, potentially even to the terminal/stdout unless you redirect\n" " it.\n" "\n" " Use --show-error in addition to this option to disable progress\n" " meter but still show error messages.\n" "\n" " Example:\n" " curl -s https://example.com\n" "\n" " See also -v, --verbose, --stderr and --no-progress-meter.\n" "\n" " --socks4 \n" " Use the specified SOCKS4 proxy. If the port number is not speci-\n" , stdout); fputs( " fied, it is assumed at port 1080. Using this socket type make\n" " curl resolve the host name and passing the address on to the\n" " proxy.\n" "\n" " To specify proxy on a unix domain socket, use localhost for\n" " host, e.g. socks4://localhost/path/to/socket.sock\n" "\n" " This option overrides any previous use of -x, --proxy, as they\n" " are mutually exclusive.\n" "\n" , stdout); fputs( " This option is superfluous since you can specify a socks4 proxy\n" " with --proxy using a socks4:// protocol prefix.\n" "\n" " Since 7.52.0, --preproxy can be used to specify a SOCKS proxy at\n" " the same time --proxy is used with an HTTP/HTTPS proxy. In such\n" " a case curl first connects to the SOCKS proxy and then connects\n" " (through SOCKS) to the HTTP or HTTPS proxy.\n" "\n" , stdout); fputs( " If this option is used several times, the last one will be used.\n" "\n" " Example:\n" " curl --socks4 hostname:4096 https://example.com\n" "\n" " See also --socks4a, --socks5 and --socks5-hostname.\n" "\n" " --socks4a \n" " Use the specified SOCKS4a proxy. If the port number is not spec-\n" " ified, it is assumed at port 1080. This asks the proxy to re-\n" " solve the host name.\n" "\n" , stdout); fputs( " To specify proxy on a unix domain socket, use localhost for\n" " host, e.g. socks4a://localhost/path/to/socket.sock\n" "\n" " This option overrides any previous use of -x, --proxy, as they\n" " are mutually exclusive.\n" "\n" " This option is superfluous since you can specify a socks4a proxy\n" " with --proxy using a socks4a:// protocol prefix.\n" "\n" " Since 7.52.0, --preproxy can be used to specify a SOCKS proxy at\n" , stdout); fputs( " the same time --proxy is used with an HTTP/HTTPS proxy. In such\n" " a case curl first connects to the SOCKS proxy and then connects\n" " (through SOCKS) to the HTTP or HTTPS proxy.\n" "\n" " If this option is used several times, the last one will be used.\n" "\n" " Example:\n" " curl --socks4a hostname:4096 https://example.com\n" "\n" " See also --socks4, --socks5 and --socks5-hostname.\n" "\n" " --socks5-basic\n" , stdout); fputs( " Tells curl to use username/password authentication when connect-\n" " ing to a SOCKS5 proxy. The username/password authentication is\n" " enabled by default. Use --socks5-gssapi to force GSS-API au-\n" " thentication to SOCKS5 proxies.\n" "\n" " Example:\n" " curl --socks5-basic --socks5 hostname:4096 https://example.com\n" "\n" " See also --socks5. Added in 7.55.0.\n" "\n" " --socks5-gssapi-nec\n" , stdout); fputs( " As part of the GSS-API negotiation a protection mode is negoti-\n" " ated. RFC 1961 says in section 4.3/4.4 it should be protected,\n" " but the NEC reference implementation does not. The option\n" " --socks5-gssapi-nec allows the unprotected exchange of the pro-\n" " tection mode negotiation.\n" "\n" " Example:\n" " curl --socks5-gssapi-nec --socks5 hostname:4096 https://example.com\n" "\n" " See also --socks5.\n" "\n" , stdout); fputs( " --socks5-gssapi-service \n" " The default service name for a socks server is rcmd/server-fqdn.\n" " This option allows you to change it.\n" "\n" " Examples: --socks5 proxy-name --socks5-gssapi-service sockd\n" " would use sockd/proxy-name --socks5 proxy-name --socks5-gssapi-\n" " service sockd/real-name would use sockd/real-name for cases\n" " where the proxy-name does not match the principal name.\n" "\n" " Example:\n" , stdout); fputs( " curl --socks5-gssapi-service sockd --socks5 hostname:4096 https://example.com\n" "\n" " See also --socks5.\n" "\n" " --socks5-gssapi\n" " Tells curl to use GSS-API authentication when connecting to a\n" " SOCKS5 proxy. The GSS-API authentication is enabled by default\n" " (if curl is compiled with GSS-API support). Use --socks5-basic\n" " to force username/password authentication to SOCKS5 proxies.\n" "\n" " Example:\n" , stdout); fputs( " curl --socks5-gssapi --socks5 hostname:4096 https://example.com\n" "\n" " See also --socks5. Added in 7.55.0.\n" "\n" " --socks5-hostname \n" " Use the specified SOCKS5 proxy (and let the proxy resolve the\n" " host name). If the port number is not specified, it is assumed\n" " at port 1080.\n" "\n" " To specify proxy on a unix domain socket, use localhost for\n" , stdout); fputs( " host, e.g. socks5h://localhost/path/to/socket.sock\n" "\n" " This option overrides any previous use of -x, --proxy, as they\n" " are mutually exclusive.\n" "\n" " This option is superfluous since you can specify a socks5 host-\n" " name proxy with --proxy using a socks5h:// protocol prefix.\n" "\n" " Since 7.52.0, --preproxy can be used to specify a SOCKS proxy at\n" " the same time --proxy is used with an HTTP/HTTPS proxy. In such\n" , stdout); fputs( " a case curl first connects to the SOCKS proxy and then connects\n" " (through SOCKS) to the HTTP or HTTPS proxy.\n" "\n" " If this option is used several times, the last one will be used.\n" "\n" " Example:\n" " curl --socks5-hostname proxy.example:7000 https://example.com\n" "\n" " See also --socks5 and --socks4a.\n" "\n" " --socks5 \n" " Use the specified SOCKS5 proxy - but resolve the host name lo-\n" , stdout); fputs( " cally. If the port number is not specified, it is assumed at\n" " port 1080.\n" "\n" " To specify proxy on a unix domain socket, use localhost for\n" " host, e.g. socks5://localhost/path/to/socket.sock\n" "\n" " This option overrides any previous use of -x, --proxy, as they\n" " are mutually exclusive.\n" "\n" " This option is superfluous since you can specify a socks5 proxy\n" , stdout); fputs( " with --proxy using a socks5:// protocol prefix.\n" "\n" " Since 7.52.0, --preproxy can be used to specify a SOCKS proxy at\n" " the same time --proxy is used with an HTTP/HTTPS proxy. In such\n" " a case curl first connects to the SOCKS proxy and then connects\n" " (through SOCKS) to the HTTP or HTTPS proxy.\n" "\n" " If this option is used several times, the last one will be used.\n" , stdout); fputs( " This option (as well as --socks4) does not work with IPV6, FTPS\n" " or LDAP.\n" " Example:\n" " curl --socks5 proxy.example:7000 https://example.com\n" "\n" " See also --socks5-hostname and --socks4a.\n" "\n" " -Y, --speed-limit \n" " If a transfer is slower than this given speed (in bytes per sec-\n" " ond) for speed-time seconds it gets aborted. speed-time is set\n" " with --speed-time and is 30 if not set.\n" "\n" , stdout); fputs( " If this option is used several times, the last one will be used.\n" "\n" " Example:\n" " curl --speed-limit 300 --speed-time 10 https://example.com\n" "\n" " See also -y, --speed-time, --limit-rate and -m, --max-time.\n" "\n" " -y, --speed-time \n" " If a transfer runs slower than speed-limit bytes per second dur-\n" " ing a speed-time period, the transfer is aborted. If speed-time\n" , stdout); fputs( " is used, the default speed-limit will be 1 unless set with -Y,\n" " --speed-limit.\n" "\n" " This option controls transfers (in both directions) but will not\n" " affect slow connects etc. If this is a concern for you, try the\n" " --connect-timeout option.\n" "\n" " If this option is used several times, the last one will be used.\n" "\n" " Example:\n" " curl --speed-limit 300 --speed-time 10 https://example.com\n" "\n" , stdout); fputs( " See also -Y, --speed-limit and --limit-rate.\n" "\n" " --ssl-allow-beast\n" " This option tells curl to not work around a security flaw in the\n" " SSL3 and TLS1.0 protocols known as BEAST. If this option is not\n" " used, the SSL layer may use workarounds known to cause interop-\n" " erability problems with some older SSL implementations.\n" "\n" " WARNING: this option loosens the SSL security, and by using this\n" , stdout); fputs( " flag you ask for exactly that.\n" "\n" " Example:\n" " curl --ssl-allow-beast https://example.com\n" "\n" " See also --proxy-ssl-allow-beast and -k, --insecure.\n" "\n" " --ssl-auto-client-cert\n" " Tell libcurl to automatically locate and use a client certifi-\n" " cate for authentication, when requested by the server. This op-\n" " tion is only supported for Schannel (the native Windows SSL li-\n" , stdout); fputs( " brary). Prior to 7.77.0 this was the default behavior in libcurl\n" " with Schannel. Since the server can request any certificate that\n" " supports client authentication in the OS certificate store it\n" " could be a privacy violation and unexpected.\n" "\n" " Example:\n" " curl --ssl-auto-client-cert https://example.com\n" "\n" " See also --proxy-ssl-auto-client-cert. Added in 7.77.0.\n" "\n" " --ssl-no-revoke\n" , stdout); fputs( " (Schannel) This option tells curl to disable certificate revoca-\n" " tion checks. WARNING: this option loosens the SSL security, and\n" " by using this flag you ask for exactly that.\n" "\n" " Example:\n" " curl --ssl-no-revoke https://example.com\n" "\n" " See also --crlfile. Added in 7.44.0.\n" "\n" " --ssl-reqd\n" " (FTP IMAP POP3 SMTP LDAP) Require SSL/TLS for the connection.\n" , stdout); fputs( " Terminates the connection if the server does not support\n" " SSL/TLS.\n" "\n" " This option is handled in LDAP since version 7.81.0. It is fully\n" " supported by the openldap backend and rejected by the generic\n" " ldap backend if explicit TLS is required.\n" "\n" " This option was formerly known as --ftp-ssl-reqd.\n" "\n" " Example:\n" " curl --ssl-reqd ftp://example.com\n" "\n" , stdout); fputs( " See also --ssl and -k, --insecure.\n" "\n" " --ssl-revoke-best-effort\n" " (Schannel) This option tells curl to ignore certificate revoca-\n" " tion checks when they failed due to missing/offline distribution\n" " points for the revocation check lists.\n" "\n" " Example:\n" " curl --ssl-revoke-best-effort https://example.com\n" "\n" " See also --crlfile and -k, --insecure. Added in 7.70.0.\n" "\n" , stdout); fputs( " --ssl (FTP IMAP POP3 SMTP LDAP) Try to use SSL/TLS for the connection.\n" " Reverts to a non-secure connection if the server does not sup-\n" " port SSL/TLS. See also --ftp-ssl-control and --ssl-reqd for dif-\n" " ferent levels of encryption required.\n" "\n" " This option is handled in LDAP since version 7.81.0. It is fully\n" " supported by the openldap backend and ignored by the generic\n" " ldap backend.\n" "\n" , stdout); fputs( " Please note that a server may close the connection if the nego-\n" " tiation does not succeed.\n" "\n" " This option was formerly known as --ftp-ssl. That option name\n" " can still be used but will be removed in a future version.\n" "\n" " Example:\n" " curl --ssl pop3://example.com/\n" "\n" " See also -k, --insecure and --ciphers.\n" "\n" " -2, --sslv2\n" " (SSL) This option previously asked curl to use SSLv2, but start-\n" , stdout); fputs( " ing in curl 7.77.0 this instruction is ignored. SSLv2 is widely\n" " considered insecure (see RFC 6176).\n" "\n" " Example:\n" " curl --sslv2 https://example.com\n" "\n" " See also --http1.1 and --http2. -2, --sslv2 requires that the\n" " underlying libcurl was built to support TLS. This option is mu-\n" " tually exclusive to -3, --sslv3 and -1, --tlsv1 and --tlsv1.1\n" " and --tlsv1.2.\n" "\n" " -3, --sslv3\n" , stdout); fputs( " (SSL) This option previously asked curl to use SSLv3, but start-\n" " ing in curl 7.77.0 this instruction is ignored. SSLv3 is widely\n" " considered insecure (see RFC 7568).\n" "\n" " Example:\n" " curl --sslv3 https://example.com\n" "\n" " See also --http1.1 and --http2. -3, --sslv3 requires that the\n" " underlying libcurl was built to support TLS. This option is mu-\n" , stdout); fputs( " tually exclusive to -2, --sslv2 and -1, --tlsv1 and --tlsv1.1\n" " and --tlsv1.2.\n" "\n" " --stderr \n" " Redirect all writes to stderr to the specified file instead. If\n" " the file name is a plain '-', it is instead written to stdout.\n" "\n" " This option is global and does not need to be specified for each\n" " use of -:, --next.\n" "\n" " If this option is used several times, the last one will be used.\n" "\n" , stdout); fputs( " Example:\n" " curl --stderr output.txt https://example.com\n" "\n" " See also -v, --verbose and -s, --silent.\n" "\n" " --styled-output\n" " Enables the automatic use of bold font styles when writing HTTP\n" " headers to the terminal. Use --no-styled-output to switch them\n" " off.\n" "\n" " This option is global and does not need to be specified for each\n" " use of -:, --next.\n" "\n" " Example:\n" , stdout); fputs( " curl --styled-output -I https://example.com\n" "\n" " See also -I, --head and -v, --verbose. Added in 7.61.0.\n" "\n" " --suppress-connect-headers\n" " When --proxytunnel is used and a CONNECT request is made do not\n" " output proxy CONNECT response headers. This option is meant to\n" " be used with --dump-header or --include which are used to show\n" " protocol headers in the output. It has no effect on debug op-\n" , stdout); fputs( " tions such as --verbose or --trace, or any statistics.\n" "\n" " Example:\n" " curl --suppress-connect-headers --include -x proxy https://example.com\n" "\n" " See also -D, --dump-header, -i, --include and -p, --proxytunnel.\n" " Added in 7.54.0.\n" "\n" " --tcp-fastopen\n" " Enable use of TCP Fast Open (RFC7413).\n" "\n" " Example:\n" " curl --tcp-fastopen https://example.com\n" "\n" , stdout); fputs( " See also --false-start. Added in 7.49.0.\n" "\n" " --tcp-nodelay\n" " Turn on the TCP_NODELAY option. See the curl_easy_setopt(3) man\n" " page for details about this option.\n" "\n" " Since 7.50.2, curl sets this option by default and you need to\n" " explicitly switch it off if you do not want it on.\n" "\n" " Example:\n" " curl --tcp-nodelay https://example.com\n" "\n" " See also -N, --no-buffer.\n" "\n" , stdout); fputs( " -t, --telnet-option \n" " Pass options to the telnet protocol. Supported options are:\n" "\n" " TTYPE= Sets the terminal type.\n" "\n" " XDISPLOC= Sets the X display location.\n" "\n" " NEW_ENV= Sets an environment variable.\n" "\n" " Example:\n" " curl -t TTYPE=vt100 telnet://example.com/\n" "\n" " See also -K, --config.\n" " --tftp-blksize \n" , stdout); fputs( " (TFTP) Set TFTP BLKSIZE option (must be >512). This is the block\n" " size that curl will try to use when transferring data to or from\n" " a TFTP server. By default 512 bytes will be used.\n" "\n" " If this option is used several times, the last one will be used.\n" "\n" " Example:\n" " curl --tftp-blksize 1024 tftp://example.com/file\n" "\n" " See also --tftp-no-options.\n" "\n" " --tftp-no-options\n" , stdout); fputs( " (TFTP) Tells curl not to send TFTP options requests.\n" "\n" " This option improves interop with some legacy servers that do\n" " not acknowledge or properly implement TFTP options. When this\n" " option is used --tftp-blksize is ignored.\n" "\n" " Example:\n" " curl --tftp-no-options tftp://192.168.0.1/\n" "\n" " See also --tftp-blksize. Added in 7.48.0.\n" "\n" " -z, --time-cond