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  1. <!DOCTYPE html>
    2. 

  2. <html>
    3. 

  3.   <head>
    4. 

  4.     <meta charset="utf-8">
    5. 

  5.     <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
    6. 

  6.     <title>Gravity: Internals</title>
    7. 

  7.     <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/normalize/5.0.0/normalize.min.css" />
    8. 

  8.     <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/3.3.7/css/bootstrap.min.css">
    9. 

  9.     <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Open+Sans:400,700,800">
    10. 

  10.     <link rel="stylesheet" href="../scripts/highlight/styles/github-gist.css">
    11. 

  11.     <link rel="stylesheet" href="../stylesheets/styles.css">
    12. 

  12.   </head>
    13. 

  13.   <body>
    14. 

  14. 

  15. 	<!-- BEGIN NAVIGATION BAR -->
    16. 

  16. 	<nav class="navbar navbar-default navbar-fixed-top">
    17. 

  17. 		<div class="container">
    18. 

  18. 		<div class="navbar-header">
    19. 

  19. 			<button type="button" class="navbar-toggle collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#navbar" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="navbar">
    20. 

  20. 				<span class="sr-only">Toggle navigation</span>
    21. 

  21. 				<span class="icon-bar"></span>
    22. 

  22. 				<span class="icon-bar"></span>
    23. 

  23. 				<span class="icon-bar"></span>
    24. 

  24. 			</button>
    25. 

  25. 			<a class="navbar-brand" href="http://gravity-lang.org"><img src="../images/logo.png" width="32px" height="36px"></a>
    26. 

  26. 		</div>
    27. 

  27. 		<div id="navbar" class="navbar-collapse collapse">
    28. 

  28. 			<ul class="nav navbar-nav navbar-right">
    29. 

  29. 				<li><a href="../index.html">Gravity</a></li>
    30. 

  30. 				<li class="active"><a href="index.html">Internals</a></li>
    31. 

  31. 				<li><a href="https://github.com/marcobambini/gravity">GitHub</a></li>
    32. 

  32. 			</ul>
    33. 

  33. 		</div><!--/.nav-collapse -->
    34. 

  34. 	</div>
    35. 

  35. 	</nav>
    36. 

  36. 	<!-- END NAVIGATION BAR -->
    37. 

  37. 

  38. 	<div class="container body-container">
    39. 

  39. 		<div class="main-content">
    40. 

  40. 			<div class="row">
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  41.        	
    42. 

  42.        		<!-- BEGIN SIDEBAR -->
    43. 

  43.        		<div class="col-sm-3 border-right section-left">
    44. 

  44. 				<div saveheight="1" class="sidebar-nav">
    45. 

  45. 				<h4>1. OVERVIEW</h4>
    46. 

  46. 				<ul>
    47. 

  47. 					<li><a href="index.html" class="active"><span>Introduction</span></a></li>
    48. 

  48. 					<li><a href="1_changelog.html"><span>Changelog</span></a></li>
    49. 

  49. 					<li><a href="1_files.html"><span>Gravity files</span></a></li>
    50. 

  50. 				</ul>
    51. 

  51. 				
    52. 

  52. 				<h4>2. PREREQUISITES</h4>
    53. 

  53. 				<ul>
    54. 

  54. 					<li><a href="2_overview.html"><span>Overview</span></a></li>
    55. 

  55. 					<li><a href="2_array.html"><span>Array</span></a></li>
    56. 

  56. 					<li><a href="2_hash.html"><span>Hash</span></a></li>
    57. 

  57. 					<li><a href="2_memory.html"><span>Memory</span></a></li>
    58. 

  58. 					<li><a href="2_utils.html"><span>Utils</span></a></li>
    59. 

  59. 					<li><a href="2_json.html"><span>JSON</span></a></li>
    60. 

  60. 					<li><a href="2_visitor.html"><span>Visitor Pattern</span></a></li>
    61. 

  61. 					<li><a href="2_vm.html"><span>Stack vs Register VM</span></a></li>
    62. 

  62. 					<li><a href="2_class.html"><span>Class and metaclass</span></a></li>
    63. 

  63. 				</ul>
    64. 

  64. 				
    65. 

  65. 				<h4>3. COMPILER</h4>
    66. 

  66. 				<ul>
    67. 

  67. 					<li><a href="3_overview.html"><span>Overview</span></a></li>
    68. 

  68. 					<li><a href="3_grammar.html"><span>Grammar</span></a></li>
    69. 

  69. 					<li><a href="3_lexer.html"><span>Lexer</span></a></li>
    70. 

  70. 					<li><a href="3_parser.html"><span>Parser</span></a></li>
    71. 

  71. 					<li><a href="3_prattparser.html"><span>Pratt Parser</span></a></li>
    72. 

  72. 					<li><a href="3_ast.html"><span>AST</span></a></li>
    73. 

  73. 					<li><a href="3_symboltable.html"><span>Symbol Table</span></a></li>
    74. 

  74. 					<li><a href="3_semantic.html"><span>Semantic Analyses</span></a></li>
    75. 

  75. 					<li><a href="3_opcodes.html"><span>Opcodes</span></a></li>
    76. 

  76. 					<li><a href="3_ircode.html"><span>IRCode</span></a></li>
    77. 

  77. 					<li><a href="3_codegen.html"><span>Code Generation</span></a></li>
    78. 

  78. 					<li><a href="3_optimizer.html"><span>Optimizer</span></a></li>
    79. 

  79. 					<li><a href="3_bytecode.html"><span>Bytecode</span></a></li>
    80. 

  80. 				</ul>
    81. 

  81. 				
    82. 

  82. 				<h4>4. RUNTIME</h4>
    83. 

  83. 				<ul>
    84. 

  84. 					<li><a href="4_overview.html"><span>Overview</span></a></li>
    85. 

  85. 					<li><a href="4_objmodel.html"><span>Object Model</span></a></li>
    86. 

  86. 					<li><a href="4_memory.html"><span>Memory Ownership</span></a></li>
    87. 

  87. 					<li><a href="4_vm.html"><span>Virtual Machine</span></a></li>
    88. 

  88. 					<li><a href="4_performance.html"><span>Efficient Interpreter</span></a></li>
    89. 

  89. 					<li><a href="4_base.html"><span>Base Classes</span></a></li>
    90. 

  90. 					<li><a href="4_gc.html"><span>Garbage Collector</span></a></li>
    91. 

  91. 				</ul>
    92. 

  92. 				
    93. 

  93. 				<h4>5. LLVM</h4>
    94. 

  94. 				<ul>
    95. 

  95. 					<li><a href="5_overview.html"><span>Overview</span></a></li>
    96. 

  96. 					<li><a href="5_jit.html"><span>LLVM JIT</span></a></li>
    97. 

  97. 				</ul>
    98. 

  98. 				
    99. 

  99. 				</div>
    100. 

  100. 			</div>
    101. 

  101. 			<!-- END SIDEBAR -->
    102. 

  102. 			
    103. 

  103. 			<!-- BEGIN CONTENT -->
    104. 

  104.        		<div class="col-sm-9 border-left section-right">
    105. 

  105.          	<h1 class="section-header">Introduction</h1><hr>
    106. 

  106.          				
    107. 

  107. 			<p class="section-content">
    108. 

  108. 				When I started developing the Gravity programming language I knew nothing about how to develop an interpreter or how to traverse an AST. This project proved to be an invaluable experience to me and I am sure that developing a programming language from scratch is the best way to become a much better developer with a deeper understanding about what happens inside the compiler we use every single day.<br><br>
    109. 

  109. 				I'd like to collect all my experience in this book, trying to not assume any prior knowledge except the C language. This book guides you to gain the foundational knowledge required to write a new programming language from scratch and will give you concrete answers to questions like what is really a closure or how a garbage collector works under the hood.<br><br></p>
    110. 

  110. 				<h4 class="section-h4">Contributing</h4>
    111. 

  111. 				<p>If you find any grammatical issue, please report it using Github Issues. Or, if some sentence or paragraph is difficult to understand, feel free to make a pull request. This book is in active development and I'll regularly update and improve it. I am not a native English speaker so feel free to correct me if something is not properly written.<br><br>If you have any question related to the material or the development of the book, feel free to open a GitHub issue or to contact me.</p>
    112. 

  112. 				<h4 class="section-h4">About me</h4>
    113. 

  113. 				<p>I am Marco Bambini and you can reach me at:
    114. 

  114. 				<ul>
    115. 

  115. 					<li>Twitter: <a href="https://twitter.com/sqlabs">sqlabs</a></li>
    116. 

  116. 					<li>Email: <a href="mailto:[email protected]"><code>[email protected]</code></a></li>
    117. 

  117. 				</ul>
    118. 

  118. 				</p>
    119. 

  119. 			</div>
    120. 

  120.          	<!-- END CONTENT -->
    121. 

  121.          	
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  122.        	</div> <!-- /row -->
    123. 

  123.        </div> <!-- /main-content -->
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  124.      </div> <!-- /container -->
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  125. 

  126. 	<!-- BEGIN FOOTER -->
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  127. 	<footer class="navbar-fixed-bottom">
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  128. 		<div class="container footer">
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  129. 			<p>
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  130. 			</p>
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  131. 		</div>
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  132. 	</footer>
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  133.     <!-- END FOOTER -->
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  134. 	
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  135. 	<!-- Bootstrap JS -->
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  136. 	<script src="https://code.jquery.com/jquery-1.12.4.min.js"></script>
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  137. 	<script src="https://maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/3.3.7/js/bootstrap.min.js"></script>
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  138. 	
    139. 

  139. 	<!-- Highlights JS -->
    140. 

  140.     <script src="../scripts/highlight/highlight.min.js"></script>
    141. 

  141.     <script>hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad();</script>
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  142.     
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  143. 	</body>
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  144. </html>
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