// Licensed to the .NET Foundation under one or more agreements.
// The .NET Foundation licenses this file to you under the MIT license.
// See the LICENSE file in the project root for more information.

using System.Runtime.CompilerServices;
using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
using System.Runtime.Intrinsics.X86;

using Internal.Runtime.CompilerServices;

// Some routines inspired by the Stanford Bit Twiddling Hacks by Sean Eron Anderson:
// http://graphics.stanford.edu/~seander/bithacks.html

namespace System
{
    internal static class BitOps
    {
        // C# no-alloc optimization that directly wraps the data section of the dll (similar to string constants)
        // https://github.com/dotnet/roslyn/pull/24621

        private static ReadOnlySpan<byte> s_TrailingZeroCountDeBruijn => new byte[32]
        {
            00, 01, 28, 02, 29, 14, 24, 03,
            30, 22, 20, 15, 25, 17, 04, 08,
            31, 27, 13, 23, 21, 19, 16, 07,
            26, 12, 18, 06, 11, 05, 10, 09
        };

        /// <summary>
        /// Count the number of trailing zero bits in an integer value.
        /// Similar in behavior to the x86 instruction TZCNT.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="value">The value.</param>
        [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
        public static int TrailingZeroCount(int value)
            => TrailingZeroCount((uint)value);

        /// <summary>
        /// Count the number of trailing zero bits in an integer value.
        /// Similar in behavior to the x86 instruction TZCNT.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="value">The value.</param>
        [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
        public static int TrailingZeroCount(uint value)
        {
            if (Bmi1.IsSupported)
            {
                // Note that TZCNT contract specifies 0->32
                return (int)Bmi1.TrailingZeroCount(value);
            }

            // Main code has behavior 0->0, so special-case in order to match intrinsic path 0->32
            if (value == 0u)
                return 32;

            // uint.MaxValue >> 27 is always in range [0 - 31] so we use Unsafe.AddByteOffset to avoid bounds check
            return Unsafe.AddByteOffset(
                ref MemoryMarshal.GetReference(s_TrailingZeroCountDeBruijn), 
                // Using deBruijn sequence, k=2, n=5 (2^5=32) : 0b_0000_0111_0111_1100_1011_0101_0011_0001u
                ((uint)((value & -value) * 0x077CB531u)) >> 27);
        }
    }
}