mono/mcs/class/System.Data/System.Data.SqlClient/SqlConnection.cs

//
// System.Data.SqlClient.SqlConnection.cs
//
// Authors:
//   Rodrigo Moya ([email protected])
//   Daniel Morgan ([email protected])
//   Tim Coleman ([email protected])
//   Phillip Jerkins ([email protected])
//   Diego Caravana ([email protected])
//
// Copyright (C) Ximian, Inc 2002
// Copyright (C) Daniel Morgan 2002, 2003
// Copyright (C) Tim Coleman, 2002, 2003
// Copyright (C) Phillip Jerkins, 2003
//

//
// Copyright (C) 2004 Novell, Inc (http://www.novell.com)
//
// Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining
// a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the
// "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including
// without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,
// distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to
// permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to
// the following conditions:
// 
// The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
// included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
// 
// THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
// EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
// MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND
// NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE
// LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION
// OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION
// WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
//

using Mono.Data.Tds;
using Mono.Data.Tds.Protocol;
using System;
using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Specialized;
using System.ComponentModel;
using System.Data;
using System.Data.Common;
#if !MOBILE
using System.EnterpriseServices;
#endif
using System.Globalization;
using System.Net;
using System.Net.Sockets;
using System.Text;
using System.Xml;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Security;

namespace System.Data.SqlClient
{
	[DefaultEvent ("InfoMessage")]
	public sealed class SqlConnection : DbConnection, IDbConnection, ICloneable
	{
		#region Fields

		bool disposed;

		// The set of SQL connection pools
		static TdsConnectionPoolManager sqlConnectionPools = new TdsConnectionPoolManager (TdsVersion.tds80);
		const int DEFAULT_PACKETSIZE = 8000;
		const int MAX_PACKETSIZE = 32768;
		const int MIN_PACKETSIZE = 512;
		const int DEFAULT_CONNECTIONTIMEOUT = 15;
		const int DEFAULT_CONNECTIONLIFETIME = 0;
		const int DEFAULT_MAXPOOLSIZE = 100;
		const int MIN_MAXPOOLSIZE = 1;
		const int DEFAULT_MINPOOLSIZE = 0;
		const int DEFAULT_PORT = 1433;

		// The current connection pool
		TdsConnectionPool pool;

		// The connection string that identifies this connection
		string connectionString;

		// The connection credentials
		SqlCredential credentials;

		// The transaction object for the current transaction
		SqlTransaction transaction;

		// Connection parameters
		
		TdsConnectionParameters parms;
		bool connectionReset;
		int connectionLifeTime;
		bool pooling;
		string dataSource;
		int connectionTimeout;
		int minPoolSize;
		int maxPoolSize;
		int packetSize;
		int port;
		bool fireInfoMessageEventOnUserErrors;
		bool statisticsEnabled;
		
		// The current state
		ConnectionState state = ConnectionState.Closed;

		SqlDataReader dataReader;
		XmlReader xmlReader;

		// The TDS object
		Tds tds;

		#endregion // Fields

		#region Constructors

		public SqlConnection () : this (null)
		{
		}
	
		public SqlConnection (string connectionString)
		{
			ConnectionString = connectionString;
		}

		public SqlConnection (string connectionString, SqlCredential cred)
		{
			ConnectionString = connectionString;
			Credentials = cred;
		}

		#endregion // Constructors

		#region Properties

		[DefaultValue ("")]
		[EditorAttribute ("Microsoft.VSDesigner.Data.SQL.Design.SqlConnectionStringEditor, "+ Consts.AssemblyMicrosoft_VSDesigner, "System.Drawing.Design.UITypeEditor, "+ Consts.AssemblySystem_Drawing )]
		[RecommendedAsConfigurable (true)]
		[RefreshProperties (RefreshProperties.All)]
		public override string ConnectionString {
			get {
				if (connectionString == null)
					return string.Empty;
				return connectionString;
			}
			[MonoTODO("persist security info, encrypt, enlist keyword not implemented")]
			set {
				if (state == ConnectionState.Open)
					throw new InvalidOperationException ("Not Allowed to change ConnectionString property while Connection state is OPEN");
				SetConnectionString (value);
			}
		}
	
		public SqlCredential Credentials {
			get {
				return credentials;
			}
			set {
				credentials = value;
			}
		}
	
		[MonoTODO]
		public Guid ClientConnectionId {
			get {
				throw new NotImplementedException ();
			}
		}

		[DesignerSerializationVisibility (DesignerSerializationVisibility.Hidden)]
		public
		override
		int ConnectionTimeout {
			get { return connectionTimeout; }
		}

		[DesignerSerializationVisibility (DesignerSerializationVisibility.Hidden)]
		public
		override
		string Database {
			get {
				if (State == ConnectionState.Open)
					return tds.Database; 
				return parms.Database ;
			}
		}
		
		internal SqlDataReader DataReader {
			get { return dataReader; }
			set { dataReader = value; }
		}

		[Browsable(true)]
		[DesignerSerializationVisibility (DesignerSerializationVisibility.Hidden)]
		public
		override
		string DataSource {
			get { return dataSource; }
		}

		[DesignerSerializationVisibility (DesignerSerializationVisibility.Hidden)]
		public int PacketSize {
			get {
				if (State == ConnectionState.Open)
					return ((Tds) tds).PacketSize;
				return packetSize;
			}
		}

		[Browsable (false)]
		[DesignerSerializationVisibility (DesignerSerializationVisibility.Hidden)]
		public
		override
		string ServerVersion {
			get {
				if (state == ConnectionState.Closed)
					throw ExceptionHelper.ConnectionClosed ();
				else
					return tds.ServerVersion; 
			}
		}

		[Browsable (false)]
		[DesignerSerializationVisibility (DesignerSerializationVisibility.Hidden)]
		public
		override
		ConnectionState State {
			get { return state; }
		}

		internal Tds Tds {
			get { return tds; }
		}

		internal SqlTransaction Transaction {
			get { return transaction; }
			set { transaction = value; }
		}

		[DesignerSerializationVisibility (DesignerSerializationVisibility.Hidden)]
		public string WorkstationId {
			get { return parms.Hostname; }
		}

		internal XmlReader XmlReader {
			get { return xmlReader; }
			set { xmlReader = value; }
		}

		public bool FireInfoMessageEventOnUserErrors { 
			get { return fireInfoMessageEventOnUserErrors; } 
			set { fireInfoMessageEventOnUserErrors = value; }
		}
		
		[DefaultValue (false)]
		public bool StatisticsEnabled { 
			get { return statisticsEnabled; } 
			set { statisticsEnabled = value; }
		}

		protected override DbProviderFactory DbProviderFactory {
			get {
				return SqlClientFactory.Instance;
			}
		}

		#endregion // Properties

		#region Events

		public event SqlInfoMessageEventHandler InfoMessage;


		#endregion // Events

		#region Delegates

		private void ErrorHandler (object sender, TdsInternalErrorMessageEventArgs e)
		{
			try {
				if (!tds.IsConnected)
					Close ();
			} catch {
				try {
					Close ();
				} catch {
				}
			}
			throw new SqlException (e.Class, e.LineNumber, e.Message, e.Number, e.Procedure, e.Server, "Mono SqlClient Data Provider", e.State);
		}

		private void MessageHandler (object sender, TdsInternalInfoMessageEventArgs e)
		{
			OnSqlInfoMessage (CreateSqlInfoMessageEvent (e.Errors));
		}

		#endregion // Delegates

		#region Methods

		public new SqlTransaction BeginTransaction ()
		{
			return BeginTransaction (IsolationLevel.ReadCommitted, String.Empty);
		}

		public new SqlTransaction BeginTransaction (IsolationLevel iso)
		{
			return BeginTransaction (iso, String.Empty);
		}

		public SqlTransaction BeginTransaction (string transactionName)
		{
			return BeginTransaction (IsolationLevel.ReadCommitted, transactionName);
		}

		public SqlTransaction BeginTransaction (IsolationLevel iso, string transactionName)
		{
			if (state == ConnectionState.Closed)
				throw ExceptionHelper.ConnectionClosed ();
			if (transaction != null)
				throw new InvalidOperationException ("SqlConnection does not support parallel transactions.");

			string isolevel = String.Empty;
			switch (iso) {
			case IsolationLevel.ReadUncommitted:
				isolevel = "READ UNCOMMITTED";
				break;
			case IsolationLevel.RepeatableRead:
				isolevel = "REPEATABLE READ";
				break;
			case IsolationLevel.Serializable:
				isolevel = "SERIALIZABLE";
				break;
			case IsolationLevel.ReadCommitted:
				isolevel = "READ COMMITTED";
				break;
			case IsolationLevel.Snapshot:
				isolevel = "SNAPSHOT";
				break;
			case IsolationLevel.Unspecified:
				iso = IsolationLevel.ReadCommitted;
				isolevel = "READ COMMITTED";
				break;
			case IsolationLevel.Chaos:
				throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException ("IsolationLevel",
					string.Format (CultureInfo.CurrentCulture,
						"The IsolationLevel enumeration " +
						"value, {0}, is not supported by " +
						"the .Net Framework SqlClient " +
						"Data Provider.", (int) iso));
			default:
				throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException ("IsolationLevel",
					string.Format (CultureInfo.CurrentCulture,
						"The IsolationLevel enumeration value, {0}, is invalid.",
						(int) iso));
			}

			tds.Execute (String.Format ("SET TRANSACTION ISOLATION LEVEL {0};BEGIN TRANSACTION {1}", isolevel, transactionName));
			
			transaction = new SqlTransaction (this, iso);
			return transaction;
		}

		public
		override
		void ChangeDatabase (string database)
		{
			if (!IsValidDatabaseName (database))
				throw new ArgumentException (String.Format ("The database name {0} is not valid.", database));
			if (state != ConnectionState.Open)
				throw new InvalidOperationException ("The connection is not open.");
			tds.Execute (String.Format ("use [{0}]", database));
		}

		private void ChangeState (ConnectionState currentState)
		{
			if (currentState == state)
				return;

			ConnectionState originalState = state;
			state = currentState;
			OnStateChange (CreateStateChangeEvent (originalState, currentState));
		}

		public
		override
		void Close ()
		{
			if (transaction != null && transaction.IsOpen)
				transaction.Rollback ();

			if (dataReader != null || xmlReader != null) {
				if(tds != null) tds.SkipToEnd ();
				dataReader = null;
				xmlReader = null;
			}

			if (tds != null && tds.IsConnected) {
				if (pooling && tds.Pooling) {
					if (pool != null) {
						pool.ReleaseConnection (tds);
						pool = null;
					}
				} else {
					tds.Disconnect ();
				}
			}

			if (tds != null) {
				tds.TdsErrorMessage -= new TdsInternalErrorMessageEventHandler (ErrorHandler);
				tds.TdsInfoMessage -= new TdsInternalInfoMessageEventHandler (MessageHandler);
			}

			ChangeState (ConnectionState.Closed);
		}

		public new SqlCommand CreateCommand ()
		{
			SqlCommand command = new SqlCommand ();
			command.Connection = this;
			return command;
		}
		
		private SqlInfoMessageEventArgs CreateSqlInfoMessageEvent (TdsInternalErrorCollection errors)
		{
			foreach (TdsInternalError e in errors)
				return new SqlInfoMessageEventArgs (new SqlException (e.Class, e.LineNumber, e.Message, e.Number, e.Procedure, e.Server, "Mono SqlClient Data Provider", e.State));

			return null;
		}

		private StateChangeEventArgs CreateStateChangeEvent (ConnectionState originalState, ConnectionState currentState)
		{
			return new StateChangeEventArgs (originalState, currentState);
		}

		protected override void Dispose (bool disposing)
		{
			try {
				if (disposing && !disposed) {
					if (State == ConnectionState.Open) 
						Close ();
					ConnectionString = null;
				}
			} finally {
				disposed = true;
				base.Dispose (disposing);
			}
		}

#if !MOBILE
		[MonoTODO ("Not sure what this means at present.")]
		public void EnlistDistributedTransaction (ITransaction transaction)
		{
			throw new NotImplementedException ();
		}
#endif

		object ICloneable.Clone ()
		{
			return new SqlConnection (ConnectionString);
		}

		protected override DbTransaction BeginDbTransaction (IsolationLevel isolationLevel)
		{
			return BeginTransaction (isolationLevel);
		}

		protected override DbCommand CreateDbCommand ()
		{
			return CreateCommand ();
		}

		public
		override
		void Open ()
		{
			string serverName = string.Empty;
			if (state == ConnectionState.Open)
				throw new InvalidOperationException ("The Connection is already Open (State=Open)");

			if (connectionString == null || connectionString.Trim().Length == 0)
				throw new InvalidOperationException ("Connection string has not been initialized.");

			try {
				if (!pooling) {
					if(!ParseDataSource (dataSource, out port, out serverName))
						throw new SqlException(20, 0, "SQL Server does not exist or access denied.",  17, "ConnectionOpen (Connect()).", dataSource, parms.ApplicationName, 0);
					tds = new Tds80 (serverName, port, PacketSize, ConnectionTimeout, 0);
					tds.Pooling = false;
				}
				else {
					if(!ParseDataSource (dataSource, out port, out serverName))
						throw new SqlException(20, 0, "SQL Server does not exist or access denied.",  17, "ConnectionOpen (Connect()).", dataSource, parms.ApplicationName, 0);
					
					TdsConnectionInfo info = new TdsConnectionInfo (serverName, port, packetSize, ConnectionTimeout, minPoolSize, maxPoolSize, connectionLifeTime);
					pool = sqlConnectionPools.GetConnectionPool (connectionString, info);
					tds = pool.GetConnection ();
				}
			} catch (TdsTimeoutException e) {
				throw SqlException.FromTdsInternalException ((TdsInternalException) e);
			} catch (TdsInternalException e) {
				throw SqlException.FromTdsInternalException (e);
			}

			tds.TdsErrorMessage += new TdsInternalErrorMessageEventHandler (ErrorHandler);
			tds.TdsInfoMessage += new TdsInternalInfoMessageEventHandler (MessageHandler);

			if (!tds.IsConnected) {
				try {
					if (Credentials != null) {
						if (parms.User != String.Empty)
							throw new ArgumentException("UserID already specified");
						if (parms.PasswordSet)
							throw new ArgumentException("Password already specified");
						if (parms.DomainLogin != false)
							throw new ArgumentException("Cannot use credentials with DomainLogin");
						parms.User = Credentials.UserId;
						parms.Password = Credentials.Password;
					}
					tds.Connect (parms);
				} catch {
					if (pooling)
						pool.ReleaseConnection (tds);
					throw;
				}
			}

			disposed = false; // reset this, so using () would call Close ().
			ChangeState (ConnectionState.Open);
		}

		private bool ParseDataSource (string theDataSource, out int thePort, out string theServerName)
		{
			theServerName = string.Empty;
			string theInstanceName = string.Empty;
	
			if (theDataSource == null)
				throw new ArgumentException("Format of initialization string does not conform to specifications");

			thePort = DEFAULT_PORT; // default TCP port for SQL Server
			bool success = true;

			int idx = 0;
			if ((idx = theDataSource.IndexOf (',')) > -1) {
				theServerName = theDataSource.Substring (0, idx);
				string p = theDataSource.Substring (idx + 1);
				thePort = Int32.Parse (p);
			} else if ((idx = theDataSource.IndexOf ('\\')) > -1) {
				theServerName = theDataSource.Substring (0, idx);
				theInstanceName = theDataSource.Substring (idx + 1);

				// do port discovery via UDP port 1434
				port = DiscoverTcpPortViaSqlMonitor (theServerName, theInstanceName);
				if (port == -1)
					success = false;
			} else
				theServerName = theDataSource;

			if (theServerName.Length == 0 || theServerName == "(local)" || theServerName == ".")
				theServerName = "localhost";

			if ((idx = theServerName.IndexOf ("tcp:")) > -1)
				theServerName = theServerName.Substring (idx + 4);

			return success;
		}

		private bool ConvertIntegratedSecurity (string value)
		{
			if (value.ToUpper() == "SSPI")
				return true;

			return ConvertToBoolean ("integrated security", value, false);
		}

		private bool ConvertToBoolean (string key, string value, bool defaultValue)
		{
			if (value.Length == 0)
				return defaultValue;

			string upperValue = value.ToUpper ();

			if (upperValue == "TRUE" || upperValue == "YES")
				return true;
			else if (upperValue == "FALSE" || upperValue == "NO")
				return false;

			throw new ArgumentException (string.Format (CultureInfo.InvariantCulture,
				"Invalid value \"{0}\" for key '{1}'.", value, key));
		}

		private int ConvertToInt32 (string key, string value, int defaultValue)
		{
			if (value.Length == 0)
				return defaultValue;

			try {
				return int.Parse (value);
			} catch (Exception ex) {
				throw new ArgumentException (string.Format (CultureInfo.InvariantCulture,
					"Invalid value \"{0}\" for key '{1}'.", value, key), ex);
			}
		}

		private int DiscoverTcpPortViaSqlMonitor (string ServerName, string InstanceName) 
		{
			SqlMonitorSocket msock;
			msock = new SqlMonitorSocket (ServerName, InstanceName);
			int SqlServerPort = msock.DiscoverTcpPort (ConnectionTimeout);
			msock = null;
			return SqlServerPort;
		}
	
		void SetConnectionString (string connectionString)
		{
			SetDefaultConnectionParameters ();

			if ((connectionString == null) || (connectionString.Trim().Length == 0)) {
				this.connectionString = connectionString;
				return;
			}

			connectionString += ";";

			bool inQuote = false;
			bool inDQuote = false;
			bool inName = true;

			string name = String.Empty;
			string value = String.Empty;
			StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder ();

			for (int i = 0; i < connectionString.Length; i += 1) {
				char c = connectionString [i];
				char peek;
				if (i == connectionString.Length - 1)
					peek = '\0';
				else
					peek = connectionString [i + 1];

				switch (c) {
				case '\'':
					if (inDQuote)
						sb.Append (c);
					else if (peek.Equals (c)) {
						sb.Append (c);
						i += 1;
					}
					else
						inQuote = !inQuote;
					break;
				case '"':
					if (inQuote)
						sb.Append (c);
					else if (peek.Equals (c)) {
						sb.Append (c);
						i += 1;
					}
					else
						inDQuote = !inDQuote;
					break;
				case ';':
					if (inDQuote || inQuote)
						sb.Append (c);
					else {
						if (name != String.Empty && name != null) {
							value = sb.ToString ();
							SetProperties (name.ToLower ().Trim() , value);
						}
						else if (sb.Length != 0)
							throw new ArgumentException ("Format of initialization string does not conform to specifications");
						inName = true;
						name = String.Empty;
						value = String.Empty;
						sb = new StringBuilder ();
					}
					break;
				case '=':
					if (inDQuote || inQuote || !inName)
						sb.Append (c);
					else if (peek.Equals (c)) {
						sb.Append (c);
						i += 1;

					}
					else {
						name = sb.ToString ();
						sb = new StringBuilder ();
						inName = false;
					}
					break;
				case ' ':
					if (inQuote || inDQuote)
						sb.Append (c);
					else if (sb.Length > 0 && !peek.Equals (';'))
						sb.Append (c);
					break;
				default:
					sb.Append (c);
					break;
				}
			}

			if (minPoolSize > maxPoolSize)
				throw new ArgumentException ("Invalid value for "
					+ "'min pool size' or 'max pool size'; "
					+ "'min pool size' must not be greater "
					+ "than 'max pool size'.");

			connectionString = connectionString.Substring (0 , connectionString.Length-1);
			this.connectionString = connectionString;
		}

		void SetDefaultConnectionParameters ()
		{
			if (parms == null)
				parms = new TdsConnectionParameters ();
			else
				parms.Reset ();
			dataSource = string.Empty;
			connectionTimeout = DEFAULT_CONNECTIONTIMEOUT;
			connectionLifeTime = DEFAULT_CONNECTIONLIFETIME;
			connectionReset = true;
			pooling = true;
			maxPoolSize = DEFAULT_MAXPOOLSIZE;
			minPoolSize = DEFAULT_MINPOOLSIZE;
			packetSize = DEFAULT_PACKETSIZE;
			port = DEFAULT_PORT;
			async = false;
		}

		private void SetProperties (string name , string value)
		{
			switch (name) {
			case "app" :
			case "application name" :
				parms.ApplicationName = value;
				break;
			case "attachdbfilename" :
			case "extended properties" :
			case "initial file name" :
				parms.AttachDBFileName = value;
				break;
			case "timeout" :
			case "connect timeout" :
			case "connection timeout" :
				int tmpTimeout = ConvertToInt32 ("connect timeout", value,
					DEFAULT_CONNECTIONTIMEOUT);
				if (tmpTimeout < 0)
					throw new ArgumentException ("Invalid 'connect timeout'. Must be an integer >=0 ");
				else 
					connectionTimeout = tmpTimeout;
				break;
			case "connection lifetime" :
				connectionLifeTime = ConvertToInt32 ("connection lifetime", value, DEFAULT_CONNECTIONLIFETIME);
				break;
			case "connection reset" :
				connectionReset = ConvertToBoolean ("connection reset", value, true);
				break;
			case "language" :
			case "current language" :
				parms.Language = value;
				break;
			case "data source" :
			case "server" :
			case "address" :
			case "addr" :
			case "network address" :
				dataSource = value;
				break;
			case "encrypt":
				if (ConvertToBoolean (name, value, false))
					throw new NotImplementedException("SSL encryption for"
						+ " data sent between client and server is not"
						+ " implemented.");
				break;
			case "enlist" :
				if (!ConvertToBoolean (name, value, true))
					throw new NotImplementedException("Disabling the automatic"
						+ " enlistment of connections in the thread's current"
						+ " transaction context is not implemented.");
				break;
			case "initial catalog" :
			case "database" :
				parms.Database = value;
				break;
			case "integrated security" :
			case "trusted_connection" :
				parms.DomainLogin = ConvertIntegratedSecurity(value);
				break;
			case "max pool size" :
				int tmpMaxPoolSize = ConvertToInt32 (name, value, DEFAULT_MAXPOOLSIZE);
				if (tmpMaxPoolSize < MIN_MAXPOOLSIZE)
					throw new ArgumentException (string.Format (CultureInfo.InvariantCulture,
						"Invalid '{0}'. The value must be greater than {1}.",
						name, MIN_MAXPOOLSIZE));
				else
					maxPoolSize = tmpMaxPoolSize;
				break;
			case "min pool size" :
				int tmpMinPoolSize = ConvertToInt32 (name, value, DEFAULT_MINPOOLSIZE);
				if (tmpMinPoolSize < 0)
					throw new ArgumentException ("Invalid 'min pool size'. Must be a integer >= 0");
				else
					minPoolSize = tmpMinPoolSize;
				break;
			case "multipleactiveresultsets":
				// FIXME: not implemented
				ConvertToBoolean (name, value, false);
				break;
			case "asynchronous processing" :
			case "async" :
				async = ConvertToBoolean (name, value, false);
				break;
			case "net" :
			case "network" :
			case "network library" :
				if (!value.ToUpper ().Equals ("DBMSSOCN"))
					throw new ArgumentException ("Unsupported network library.");
				break;
			case "packet size" :
				int tmpPacketSize = ConvertToInt32 (name, value, DEFAULT_PACKETSIZE);
				if (tmpPacketSize < MIN_PACKETSIZE || tmpPacketSize > MAX_PACKETSIZE)
					throw new ArgumentException (string.Format (CultureInfo.InvariantCulture,
						"Invalid 'Packet Size'. The value must be between {0} and {1}.",
						MIN_PACKETSIZE, MAX_PACKETSIZE));
				else
					packetSize = tmpPacketSize;
				break;
			case "password" :
			case "pwd" :
				parms.Password = new SecureString();
				foreach (char c in value)
					parms.Password.AppendChar(c);
				parms.PasswordSet = true;
				break;
			case "persistsecurityinfo" :
			case "persist security info" :
				// FIXME : not implemented
				// throw new NotImplementedException ();
				break;
			case "pooling" :
				pooling = ConvertToBoolean (name, value, true);
				break;
			case "uid" :
			case "user" :
			case "user id" :
				parms.User = value;
				break;
			case "wsid" :
			case "workstation id" :
				parms.Hostname = value;
				break;
			case "user instance":
				userInstance = ConvertToBoolean (name, value, false);
				break;
			default :
				throw new ArgumentException("Keyword not supported : '" + name + "'.");
			}
		}

		static bool IsValidDatabaseName (string database)
		{
			if ( database == null || database.Trim().Length == 0 || database.Length > 128)
				return false ;
			
			if (database[0] == '"' && database[database.Length] == '"')
				database = database.Substring (1, database.Length - 2);
			else if (Char.IsDigit (database[0]))
				return false;

			if (database[0] == '_')
				return false;

			foreach (char c  in database.Substring (1, database.Length - 1))
				if (!Char.IsLetterOrDigit (c) && c != '_' && c != '-')
					return false;
			return true;
		}

		private void OnSqlInfoMessage (SqlInfoMessageEventArgs value)
		{
			if (InfoMessage != null)
				InfoMessage (this, value);
		}


		private sealed class SqlMonitorSocket : UdpClient
		{
			// UDP port that the SQL Monitor listens
			private static readonly int SqlMonitorUdpPort = 1434;
			//private static readonly string SqlServerNotExist = "SQL Server does not exist or access denied";

			private string server;
			private string instance;

			internal SqlMonitorSocket (string ServerName, string InstanceName) 
				: base (ServerName, SqlMonitorUdpPort) 
			{
				server = ServerName;
				instance = InstanceName;
			}

			internal int DiscoverTcpPort (int timeoutSeconds)
			{
				int SqlServerTcpPort;
				Client.Blocking = false;
				// send command to UDP 1434 (SQL Monitor) to get
				// the TCP port to connect to the MS SQL server
				ASCIIEncoding enc = new ASCIIEncoding ();
				Byte[] rawrq = new Byte [instance.Length + 1];
				rawrq[0] = 4;
				enc.GetBytes (instance, 0, instance.Length, rawrq, 1);
				Send (rawrq, rawrq.Length);

				if (!Active)
					return -1; // Error
				
				bool result;
				long timeout = timeoutSeconds * 1000000;
				result = Client.Poll ((int)timeout, SelectMode.SelectRead);
				if (result == false)
					return -1; // Error

				if (Client.Available <= 0)
					return -1; // Error
				IPEndPoint endpoint = new IPEndPoint (Dns.GetHostEntry ("localhost").AddressList [0], 0);
				Byte [] rawrs;

				rawrs = Receive (ref endpoint);

				string rs = Encoding.ASCII.GetString (rawrs);

				string[] rawtokens = rs.Split (';');
				Hashtable data = new Hashtable ();
				for (int i = 0; i < rawtokens.Length / 2 && i < 256; i++) {
					data [rawtokens [i * 2]] = rawtokens [ i * 2 + 1];
				}

				if (!data.ContainsKey ("tcp")) {
					string msg = "Mono does not support names pipes or shared memory "
						+ "for connecting to SQL Server. Please enable the TCP/IP "
						+ "protocol.";
					throw new NotImplementedException (msg);
				}

				SqlServerTcpPort = int.Parse ((string) data ["tcp"]);
				Close ();

				return SqlServerTcpPort;
			}
		}

		struct ColumnInfo
		{
			public string name;
			public Type type;

			public ColumnInfo (string name, Type type)
			{
				this.name = name; this.type = type;
			}
		}

		static class ReservedWords
		{
			static readonly string [] reservedWords =
			{
				"ADD", "EXCEPT", "PERCENT", "ALL", "EXEC", "PLAN", "ALTER",
				  "EXECUTE", "PRECISION", "AND", "EXISTS", "PRIMARY", "ANY",
				  "EXIT", "PRINT", "AS", "FETCH", "PROC", "ASC", "FILE",
				  "PROCEDURE", "AUTHORIZATION", "FILLFACTOR", "PUBLIC",
				  "BACKUP", "FOR", "RAISERROR", "BEGIN", "FOREIGN", "READ",
				  "BETWEEN", "FREETEXT", "READTEXT", "BREAK", "FREETEXTTABLE",
				  "RECONFIGURE", "BROWSE", "FROM", "REFERENCES", "BULK",
				  "FULL", "REPLICATION", "BY", "FUNCTION", "RESTORE",
				  "CASCADE", "GOTO", "RESTRICT", "CASE", "GRANT", "RETURN",
				  "CHECK", "GROUP", "REVOKE", "CHECKPOINT", "HAVING", "RIGHT",
				  "CLOSE", "HOLDLOCK", "ROLLBACK", "CLUSTERED", "IDENTITY",
				  "ROWCOUNT", "COALESCE", "IDENTITY_INSERT", "ROWGUIDCOL",
				  "COLLATE", "IDENTITYCOL", "RULE", "COLUMN", "IF", "SAVE",
				  "COMMIT", "IN", "SCHEMA", "COMPUTE", "INDEX", "SELECT",
				  "CONSTRAINT", "INNER", "SESSION_USER", "CONTAINS", "INSERT",
				  "SET", "CONTAINSTABLE", "INTERSECT", "SETUSER", "CONTINUE",
				  "INTO", "SHUTDOWN", "CONVERT", "IS", "SOME", "CREATE",
				  "JOIN", "STATISTICS", "CROSS", "KEY", "SYSTEM_USER",
				  "CURRENT", "KILL", "TABLE", "CURRENT_DATE", "LEFT",
				  "TEXTSIZE", "CURRENT_TIME", "LIKE", "THEN",
				  "CURRENT_TIMESTAMP", "LINENO", "TO", "CURRENT_USER", "LOAD",
				  "TOP", "CURSOR", "NATIONAL", "TRAN", "DATABASE", "NOCHECK",
				  "TRANSACTION", "DBCC", "NONCLUSTERED", "TRIGGER",
				  "DEALLOCATE", "NOT", "TRUNCATE", "DECLARE", "NULL",
				  "TSEQUAL", "DEFAULT", "NULLIF", "UNION", "DELETE", "OF",
				  "UNIQUE", "DENY", "OFF", "UPDATE", "DESC", "OFFSETS",
				  "UPDATETEXT", "DISK", "ON", "USE", "DISTINCT", "OPEN",
				  "USER", "DISTRIBUTED", "OPENDATASOURCE", "VALUES", "DOUBLE",
				  "OPENQUERY", "VARYING", "DROP", "OPENROWSET", "VIEW",
				  "DUMMY", "OPENXML", "WAITFOR", "DUMP", "OPTION", "WHEN",
				  "ELSE", "OR", "WHERE", "END", "ORDER", "WHILE", "ERRLVL",
				  "OUTER", "WITH", "ESCAPE", "OVER", "WRITETEXT", "ABSOLUTE",
				  "FOUND", "PRESERVE", "ACTION", "FREE", "PRIOR", "ADMIN",
				  "GENERAL", "PRIVILEGES", "AFTER", "GET", "READS",
				  "AGGREGATE", "GLOBAL", "REAL", "ALIAS", "GO", "RECURSIVE",
				  "ALLOCATE", "GROUPING", "REF", "ARE", "HOST", "REFERENCING",
				  "ARRAY", "HOUR", "RELATIVE", "ASSERTION", "IGNORE", "RESULT",
				  "AT", "IMMEDIATE", "RETURNS", "BEFORE", "INDICATOR", "ROLE",
				  "BINARY", "INITIALIZE", "ROLLUP", "BIT", "INITIALLY",
				  "ROUTINE", "BLOB", "INOUT", "ROW", "BOOLEAN", "INPUT",
				  "ROWS", "BOTH", "INT", "SAVEPOINT", "BREADTH", "INTEGER",
				  "SCROLL", "CALL", "INTERVAL", "SCOPE", "CASCADED",
				  "ISOLATION", "SEARCH", "CAST", "ITERATE", "SECOND",
				  "CATALOG", "LANGUAGE", "SECTION", "CHAR", "LARGE",
				  "SEQUENCE", "CHARACTER", "LAST", "SESSION", "CLASS",
				  "LATERAL", "SETS", "CLOB", "LEADING", "SIZE", "COLLATION",
				  "LESS", "SMALLINT", "COMPLETION", "LEVEL", "SPACE",
				  "CONNECT", "LIMIT", "SPECIFIC", "CONNECTION", "LOCAL",
				  "SPECIFICTYPE", "CONSTRAINTS", "LOCALTIME", "SQL",
				  "CONSTRUCTOR", "LOCALTIMESTAMP", "SQLEXCEPTION",
				  "CORRESPONDING", "LOCATOR", "SQLSTATE", "CUBE", "MAP",
				  "SQLWARNING", "CURRENT_PATH", "MATCH", "START",
				  "CURRENT_ROLE", "MINUTE", "STATE", "CYCLE", "MODIFIES",
				  "STATEMENT", "DATA", "MODIFY", "STATIC", "DATE", "MODULE",
				  "STRUCTURE", "DAY", "MONTH", "TEMPORARY", "DEC", "NAMES",
				  "TERMINATE", "DECIMAL", "NATURAL", "THAN", "DEFERRABLE",
				  "NCHAR", "TIME", "DEFERRED", "NCLOB", "TIMESTAMP", "DEPTH",
				  "NEW", "TIMEZONE_HOUR", "DEREF", "NEXT", "TIMEZONE_MINUTE",
				  "DESCRIBE", "NO", "TRAILING", "DESCRIPTOR", "NONE",
				  "TRANSLATION", "DESTROY", "NUMERIC", "TREAT", "DESTRUCTOR",
				  "OBJECT", "TRUE", "DETERMINISTIC", "OLD", "UNDER",
				  "DICTIONARY", "ONLY", "UNKNOWN", "DIAGNOSTICS", "OPERATION",
				  "UNNEST", "DISCONNECT", "ORDINALITY", "USAGE", "DOMAIN",
				  "OUT", "USING", "DYNAMIC", "OUTPUT", "VALUE", "EACH",
				  "PAD", "VARCHAR", "END-EXEC", "PARAMETER", "VARIABLE",
				  "EQUALS", "PARAMETERS", "WHENEVER", "EVERY", "PARTIAL",
				  "WITHOUT", "EXCEPTION", "PATH", "WORK", "EXTERNAL",
				  "POSTFIX", "WRITE", "FALSE", "PREFIX", "YEAR", "FIRST",
				  "PREORDER", "ZONE", "FLOAT", "PREPARE", "ADA", "AVG",
				  "BIT_LENGTH", "CHAR_LENGTH", "CHARACTER_LENGTH", "COUNT",
				  "EXTRACT", "FORTRAN", "INCLUDE", "INSENSITIVE", "LOWER",
				  "MAX", "MIN", "OCTET_LENGTH", "OVERLAPS", "PASCAL",
				  "POSITION", "SQLCA", "SQLCODE", "SQLERROR", "SUBSTRING",
				  "SUM", "TRANSLATE", "TRIM", "UPPER"
			};
			static DataTable instance;
			static public DataTable Instance {
				get {
					if (instance == null) {
						DataRow row = null;
						var newInstance = new DataTable ("ReservedWords");
						newInstance.Columns.Add ("ReservedWord", typeof(string));
						foreach (string reservedWord in reservedWords)
						{
							row = newInstance.NewRow();

							row["ReservedWord"] = reservedWord;
							newInstance.Rows.Add(row);
						}
						instance = newInstance;
					}
					return instance;
				}
			}
		}

		static class MetaDataCollections
		{
			static readonly ColumnInfo [] columns = {
				new ColumnInfo ("CollectionName", typeof (string)),
				new ColumnInfo ("NumberOfRestrictions", typeof (int)),
				new ColumnInfo ("NumberOfIdentifierParts", typeof (int))
			};

			static readonly object [][] rows = {
				new object [] {"MetaDataCollections", 0, 0},
				new object [] {"DataSourceInformation", 0, 0},
				new object [] {"DataTypes", 0, 0},
				new object [] {"Restrictions", 0, 0},
				new object [] {"ReservedWords", 0, 0},
				new object [] {"Users", 1, 1},
				new object [] {"Databases", 1, 1},
				new object [] {"Tables", 4, 3},
				new object [] {"Columns", 4, 4},
				new object [] {"StructuredTypeMembers", 4, 4},
				new object [] {"Views", 3, 3},
				new object [] {"ViewColumns", 4, 4},
				new object [] {"ProcedureParameters", 4, 1},
				new object [] {"Procedures", 4, 3},
				new object [] {"ForeignKeys", 4, 3},
				new object [] {"IndexColumns", 5, 4},
				new object [] {"Indexes", 4, 3},
				new object [] {"UserDefinedTypes", 2, 1}
			};

			static DataTable instance;
			static public DataTable Instance {
				get {
					if (instance == null) {
						var newInstance = new DataTable ("MetaDataCollections");
						foreach (ColumnInfo c in columns)
							newInstance.Columns.Add (c.name, c.type);
						foreach (object [] row in rows)
							newInstance.LoadDataRow (row, true);
						instance = newInstance;
					}
					return instance;
				}
			}
		}

		static class DataSourceInformation
		{
			static readonly ColumnInfo [] columns = {
				new ColumnInfo ("CompositeIdentifierSeparatorPattern", typeof (string)),
				new ColumnInfo ("DataSourceProductName", typeof(string)),
				new ColumnInfo ("DataSourceProductVersion", typeof(string)),
				new ColumnInfo ("DataSourceProductVersionNormalized", typeof(string)),
				new ColumnInfo ("GroupByBehavior", typeof(GroupByBehavior)),
				new ColumnInfo ("IdentifierPattern", typeof(string)),
				new ColumnInfo ("IdentifierCase", typeof(IdentifierCase)),
				new ColumnInfo ("OrderByColumnsInSelect", typeof(bool)),
				new ColumnInfo ("ParameterMarkerFormat", typeof(string)),
				new ColumnInfo ("ParameterMarkerPattern", typeof(string)),
				new ColumnInfo ("ParameterNameMaxLength", typeof(int)),
				new ColumnInfo ("ParameterNamePattern", typeof(string)),
				new ColumnInfo ("QuotedIdentifierPattern", typeof(string)),
				new ColumnInfo ("QuotedIdentifierCase", typeof(IdentifierCase)),
				new ColumnInfo ("StatementSeparatorPattern", typeof(string)),
				new ColumnInfo ("StringLiteralPattern", typeof(string)),
				new ColumnInfo ("SupportedJoinOperators", typeof(SupportedJoinOperators))
			};

			static public DataTable GetInstance (SqlConnection conn)
			{
				DataTable table = new DataTable ("DataSourceInformation");
				foreach (ColumnInfo c in columns)
					table.Columns.Add (c.name, c.type);
				DataRow row = table.NewRow ();
				row [0] = "\\.";
				row [1] = "Microsoft SQL Server";
				row [2] = conn.ServerVersion;;
				row [3] = conn.ServerVersion;;
				row [4] = GroupByBehavior.Unrelated;
				row [5] = @"(^\[\p{Lo}\p{Lu}\p{Ll}_@#][\p{Lo}\p{Lu}\p{Ll}\p{Nd}@$#_]*$)|(^\[[^\]\0]|\]\]+\]$)|(^\""[^\""\0]|\""\""+\""$)";
				row [6] = IdentifierCase.Insensitive; // FIXME: obtain this from SQL Server
				row [7] = false;
				row [8] = "{0}";
				row [9] = @"@[\p{Lo}\p{Lu}\p{Ll}\p{Lm}_@#][\p{Lo}\p{Lu}\p{Ll}\p{Lm}\p{Nd}\uff3f_@#\$]*(?=\s+|$)";
				row [10] = 128;
				row [11] = @"^[\p{Lo}\p{Lu}\p{Ll}\p{Lm}_@#][\p{Lo}\p{Lu}\p{Ll}\p{Lm}\p{Nd}\uff3f_@#\$]*(?=\s+|$)";
				row [12] = @"(([^\[]|\]\])*)";
				row [13] = IdentifierCase.Insensitive;  // FIXME: obtain this from SQL Server
				row [14] =";";
				row [15] = "'(([^']|'')*)'";
				row [16] = (SupportedJoinOperators.FullOuter | SupportedJoinOperators.Inner |
					SupportedJoinOperators.LeftOuter | SupportedJoinOperators.RightOuter);
				table.Rows.Add (row);
				return table;
			}
		}

		static class DataTypes
		{
			static readonly ColumnInfo [] columns = {
				new ColumnInfo ("TypeName", typeof(string)),
				new ColumnInfo ("ProviderDbType", typeof(int)),
				new ColumnInfo ("ColumnSize", typeof(long)),
				new ColumnInfo ("CreateFormat", typeof(string)),
				new ColumnInfo ("CreateParameters", typeof(string)),
				new ColumnInfo ("DataType", typeof(string)),
				new ColumnInfo ("IsAutoIncrementable", typeof(bool)),
				new ColumnInfo ("IsBestMatch", typeof(bool)),
				new ColumnInfo ("IsCaseSensitive", typeof(bool)),
				new ColumnInfo ("IsFixedLength", typeof(bool)),
				new ColumnInfo ("IsFixedPrecisionScale", typeof(bool)),
				new ColumnInfo ("IsLong", typeof(bool)),
				new ColumnInfo ("IsNullable", typeof(bool)),
				new ColumnInfo ("IsSearchable", typeof(bool)),
				new ColumnInfo ("IsSearchableWithLike", typeof(bool)),
				new ColumnInfo ("IsUnsigned", typeof(bool)),
				new ColumnInfo ("MaximumScale", typeof(short)),
				new ColumnInfo ("MinimumScale", typeof(short)),
				new ColumnInfo ("IsConcurrencyType", typeof(bool)),
				new ColumnInfo ("IsLiteralSupported", typeof(bool)),
				new ColumnInfo ("LiteralPrefix", typeof(string)),
				new ColumnInfo ("LiteralSuffix", typeof(string))
			};

			static readonly object [][] rows = {
				new object [] {"smallint", 16, 5, "smallint", null, "System.Int16", true, true,
					       false, true, true, false, true, true, false, false, null,
					       null, false, null, null, null},
				new object [] {"int", 8, 10, "int", null, "System.Int32",
					       true, true, false, true, true, false, true, true, false,
					       false, null, null, false, null, null, null},
				new object [] {"real", 13, 7, "real", null,
					       "System.Single", false, true, false, true, false, false,
					       true, true, false, false, null, null, false, null, null, null},
				new object [] {"float", 6, 53, "float({0})",
					       "number of bits used to store the mantissa", "System.Double",
					       false, true, false, true, false, false, true, true,
					       false, false, null, null, false, null, null, null},
				new object [] {"money", 9, 19, "money", null,
					       "System.Decimal", false, false, false, true, true,
					       false, true, true, false, false, null, null, false,
					       null, null, null},
				new object [] {"smallmoney", 17, 10, "smallmoney", null,
					       "System.Decimal", false, false, false, true, true, false,
					       true, true, false, false, null, null, false, null, null, null},
				new object [] {"bit", 2, 1, "bit", null, "System.Boolean",
					       false, false, false, true, false, false, true, true,
					       false, null, null, null, false, null, null, null},
				new object [] {"tinyint", 20, 3, "tinyint", null,
					       "System.SByte", true, true, false, true, true, false,
					       true, true, false, true, null, null, false, null, null, null},
				new object [] {"bigint", 0, 19, "bigint", null,
					       "System.Int64", true, true, false, true, true, false,
					       true, true, false, false, null, null, false, null, null, null},
				new object [] {"timestamp", 19, 8, "timestamp", null,
					       "System.Byte[]", false, false, false, true, false, false,
					       false, true, false, null, null, null, true, null, "0x", null},
				new object [] {"binary", 1, 8000, "binary({0})", "length",
					       "System.Byte[]", false, true, false, true, false, false,
					       true, true, false, null, null, null, false, null, "0x", null},
				new object [] {"image", 7, 2147483647, "image", null,
					       "System.Byte[]", false, true, false, false, false, true,
					       true, false, false, null, null, null, false, null, "0x", null},
				new object [] {"text", 18, 2147483647, "text", null,
					       "System.String", false, true, false, false, false, true,
					       true, false, true, null, null, null, false, null, "'", "'"},
				new object [] {"ntext", 11, 1073741823, "ntext", null,
					       "System.String", false, true, false, false, false, true,
					       true, false, true, null, null, null, false, null, "N'", "'"},
				new object [] {"decimal", 5, 38, "decimal({0}, {1})",
					       "precision,scale", "System.Decimal", true, true, false,
					       true, false, false, true, true, false, false, 38, 0,
					       false, null, null, null},
				new object [] {"numeric", 5, 38, "numeric({0}, {1})",
					       "precision,scale", "System.Decimal", true, true, false,
					       true, false, false, true, true, false, false, 38, 0,
					       false, null, null, null},
				new object [] {"datetime", 4, 23, "datetime", null,
					       "System.DateTime", false, true, false, true, false, false,
					       true, true, true, null, null, null, false, null, "{ts '", "'}"},
				new object [] {"smalldatetime", 15, 16, "smalldatetime", null,
					       "System.DateTime", false, true, false, true, false, false,
					       true, true, true, null, null, null, false, null, "{ts '", "'}"},
				new object [] {"sql_variant", 23, null, "sql_variant",
					       null, "System.Object", false, true, false, false, false,
					       false, true, true, false, null, null, null, false, false,
					       null, null},
				new object [] {"xml", 25, 2147483647, "xml", null,
					       "System.String", false, false, false, false, false, true,
					       true, false, false, null, null, null, false, false, null, null},
				new object [] {"varchar", 22, 2147483647, "varchar({0})",
					       "max length", "System.String", false, true, false, false,
					       false, false, true, true, true, null, null, null, false,
					       null, "'", "'"},
				new object [] {"char", 3, 2147483647, "char({0})", "length",
					       "System.String", false, true, false, true, false, false,
					       true, true, true, null, null, null, false, null, "'", "'"},
				new object [] {"nchar", 10, 1073741823, "nchar({0})", "length",
					       "System.String", false, true, false, true, false, false,
					       true, true, true, null, null, null, false, null, "N'", "'"},
				new object [] {"nvarchar", 12, 1073741823, "nvarchar({0})", "max length",
					       "System.String", false, true, false, false, false, false, true, true,
					       true, null, null, null, false, null, "N'", "'"},
				new object [] {"varbinary", 21, 1073741823, "varbinary({0})",
					       "max length", "System.Byte[]", false, true, false, false,
					       false, false, true, true, false, null, null, null, false,
					       null, "0x", null},
				new object [] {"uniqueidentifier", 14, 16, "uniqueidentifier", null,
					       "System.Guid", false, true, false, true, false, false, true,
					       true, false, null, null, null, false, null, "'", "'"},
				new object [] {"date", 31, 3L, "date", DBNull.Value,
					       "System.DateTime", false, false, false, true, true, false,
					       true, true, true, DBNull.Value, DBNull.Value, DBNull.Value,
					       false, DBNull.Value, "{ts '", "'}"},
				new object [] {"time", 32, 5L, "time({0})", "scale",
					       "System.TimeSpan", false, false, false, false, false, false,
					       true, true, true, DBNull.Value, (short) 7, (short) 0,
					       false, DBNull.Value, "{ts '", "'}"},
				new object [] {"datetime2", 33, 8L, "datetime2({0})", "scale",
					       "System.DateTime", false, true, false, false, false, false,
					       true, true, true, DBNull.Value, (short) 7, (short) 0,
					       false, DBNull.Value, "{ts '", "'}"},
				new object [] {"datetimeoffset", 34, 10L, "datetimeoffset({0})",
					       "scale", "System.DateTimeOffset", false, true, false, false,
					       false, false, true, true, true, DBNull.Value, (short) 7, (short) 0,
					       false, DBNull.Value, "{ts '", "'}"}
			};

			static DataTable instance;
			static public DataTable Instance {
				get {
					if (instance == null) {
						instance = new DataTable ("DataTypes");
						foreach (ColumnInfo c in columns)
							instance.Columns.Add (c.name, c.type);
						foreach (object [] row in rows)
							instance.LoadDataRow (row, true);
					}
					return instance;
				}
			}
		}

		static class Restrictions
		{
			static readonly ColumnInfo [] columns = {
				new ColumnInfo ("CollectionName", typeof (string)),
				new ColumnInfo ("RestrictionName", typeof(string)),
				new ColumnInfo ("ParameterName", typeof(string)),
				new ColumnInfo ("RestrictionDefault", typeof(string)),
				new ColumnInfo ("RestrictionNumber", typeof(int))
			};

			static readonly object [][] rows = {
				new object [] {"Users", "User_Name", "@Name", "name", 1},
				new object [] {"Databases", "Name", "@Name", "Name", 1},

				new object [] {"Tables", "Catalog", "@Catalog", "TABLE_CATALOG", 1},
				new object [] {"Tables", "Owner", "@Owner", "TABLE_SCHEMA", 2},
				new object [] {"Tables", "Table", "@Name", "TABLE_NAME", 3},
				new object [] {"Tables", "TableType", "@TableType", "TABLE_TYPE", 4},

				new object [] {"Columns", "Catalog", "@Catalog", "TABLE_CATALOG", 1},
				new object [] {"Columns", "Owner", "@Owner", "TABLE_SCHEMA", 2},
				new object [] {"Columns", "Table", "@Table", "TABLE_NAME", 3},
				new object [] {"Columns", "Column", "@Column", "COLUMN_NAME", 4},

				new object [] {"StructuredTypeMembers", "Catalog", "@Catalog", "TYPE_CATALOG", 1},
				new object [] {"StructuredTypeMembers", "Owner", "@Owner", "TYPE_SCHEMA", 2},
				new object [] {"StructuredTypeMembers", "Type", "@Type", "TYPE_NAME", 3},
				new object [] {"StructuredTypeMembers", "Member", "@Member", "MEMBER_NAME", 4},

				new object [] {"Views", "Catalog", "@Catalog", "TABLE_CATALOG", 1},
				new object [] {"Views", "Owner", "@Owner", "TABLE_SCHEMA", 2},
				new object [] {"Views", "Table", "@Table", "TABLE_NAME", 3},

				new object [] {"ViewColumns", "Catalog", "@Catalog", "VIEW_CATALOG", 1},
				new object [] {"ViewColumns", "Owner", "@Owner", "VIEW_SCHEMA", 2},
				new object [] {"ViewColumns", "Table", "@Table", "VIEW_NAME", 3},
				new object [] {"ViewColumns", "Column", "@Column", "COLUMN_NAME", 4},

				new object [] {"ProcedureParameters", "Catalog", "@Catalog", "SPECIFIC_CATALOG", 1},
				new object [] {"ProcedureParameters", "Owner", "@Owner", "SPECIFIC_SCHEMA", 2},
				new object [] {"ProcedureParameters", "Name", "@Name", "SPECIFIC_NAME", 3},
				new object [] {"ProcedureParameters", "Parameter", "@Parameter", "PARAMETER_NAME", 4},

				new object [] {"Procedures", "Catalog", "@Catalog", "SPECIFIC_CATALOG", 1},
				new object [] {"Procedures", "Owner", "@Owner", "SPECIFIC_SCHEMA", 2},
				new object [] {"Procedures", "Name", "@Name", "SPECIFIC_NAME", 3},
				new object [] {"Procedures", "Type", "@Type", "ROUTINE_TYPE", 4},

				new object [] {"IndexColumns", "Catalog", "@Catalog", "db_name()", 1},
				new object [] {"IndexColumns", "Owner", "@Owner", "user_name()", 2},
				new object [] {"IndexColumns", "Table", "@Table", "o.name", 3},
				new object [] {"IndexColumns", "ConstraintName", "@ConstraintName", "x.name", 4},
				new object [] {"IndexColumns", "Column", "@Column", "c.name", 5},

				new object [] {"Indexes", "Catalog", "@Catalog", "db_name()", 1},
				new object [] {"Indexes", "Owner", "@Owner", "user_name()", 2},
				new object [] {"Indexes", "Table", "@Table", "o.name", 3},
				new object [] {"Indexes", "Name", "@Name", "x.name", 4},

				new object [] {"UserDefinedTypes", "assembly_name", "@AssemblyName", "assemblies.name", 1},
				new object [] {"UserDefinedTypes", "udt_name", "@UDTName", "types.assembly_class", 2},

				new object [] {"ForeignKeys", "Catalog", "@Catalog", "CONSTRAINT_CATALOG", 1},
				new object [] {"ForeignKeys", "Owner", "@Owner", "CONSTRAINT_SCHEMA", 2},
				new object [] {"ForeignKeys", "Table", "@Table", "TABLE_NAME", 3},
				new object [] {"ForeignKeys", "Name", "@Name", "CONSTRAINT_NAME", 4}
			};

			static DataTable instance;
			static public DataTable Instance {
				get {
					if (instance == null) {
						instance = new DataTable ("Restrictions");
						foreach (ColumnInfo c in columns)
							instance.Columns.Add (c.name, c.type);
						foreach (object [] row in rows)
							instance.LoadDataRow (row, true);
					}
					return instance;
				}
			}
		}

		public override DataTable GetSchema ()
		{
			if (state == ConnectionState.Closed)
				throw ExceptionHelper.ConnectionClosed ();

			return MetaDataCollections.Instance;
		}

		public override DataTable GetSchema (String collectionName)
		{
			return GetSchema (collectionName, null);
		}

		public override DataTable GetSchema (String collectionName, string [] restrictionValues)
		{
			// LAMESPEC: In MS.NET, if collectionName is null, it throws ArgumentException.

			if (state == ConnectionState.Closed)
				throw ExceptionHelper.ConnectionClosed ();

			String cName = null;
			DataTable schemaTable = MetaDataCollections.Instance;
			int length = restrictionValues == null ? 0 : restrictionValues.Length;

			foreach (DataRow row in schemaTable.Rows) {
				if (String.Compare ((string) row["CollectionName"], collectionName, true) == 0) {
					if (length > (int) row["NumberOfRestrictions"]) {
						throw new ArgumentException ("More restrictions were provided " +
									     "than the requested schema ('" +
									     row["CollectionName"].ToString () + "') supports");
					}
					cName = row["CollectionName"].ToString();
				}
			}

			if (cName == null)
				throw new ArgumentException (string.Format (CultureInfo.InvariantCulture,
					"The requested collection ({0}) is not defined.",
					collectionName));

			SqlCommand command     = null;
			DataTable dataTable    = new DataTable ();
			SqlDataAdapter dataAdapter = new SqlDataAdapter ();

			switch (cName)
			{
			case "Databases":
				command = new SqlCommand ("select name as database_name, dbid, crdate as create_date " +
							  "from master.sys.sysdatabases where (name = @Name or (@Name " +
							  "is null))", this);
				command.Parameters.Add ("@Name", SqlDbType.NVarChar, 4000);
				break;
			case "ForeignKeys":
				command = new SqlCommand ("select CONSTRAINT_CATALOG, CONSTRAINT_SCHEMA, CONSTRAINT_NAME, " +
							  "TABLE_CATALOG, TABLE_SCHEMA, TABLE_NAME, CONSTRAINT_TYPE, " +
							  "IS_DEFERRABLE, INITIALLY_DEFERRED from " +
							  "INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLE_CONSTRAINTS where (CONSTRAINT_CATALOG" +
							  " = @Catalog or (@Catalog is null)) and (CONSTRAINT_SCHEMA = " +
							  "@Owner or (@Owner is null)) and (TABLE_NAME = @Table or (" +
							  "@Table is null)) and (CONSTRAINT_NAME = @Name or (@Name is null))" +
							  " and CONSTRAINT_TYPE = 'FOREIGN KEY' order by CONSTRAINT_CATALOG," +
							  " CONSTRAINT_SCHEMA, CONSTRAINT_NAME", this);
				command.Parameters.Add ("@Catalog", SqlDbType.NVarChar, 4000);
				command.Parameters.Add ("@Owner", SqlDbType.NVarChar, 4000);
				command.Parameters.Add ("@Table", SqlDbType.NVarChar, 4000);
				command.Parameters.Add ("@Name", SqlDbType.NVarChar, 4000);
				break;
			case "Indexes":
				command = new SqlCommand ("select distinct db_name() as constraint_catalog, " +
							  "constraint_schema = user_name (o.uid), " +
							  "constraint_name = x.name, table_catalog = db_name (), " +
							  "table_schema = user_name (o.uid), table_name = o.name, " +
							  "index_name  = x.name from sysobjects o, sysindexes x, " +
							  "sysindexkeys xk where o.type in ('U') and x.id = o.id and " +
							  "o.id = xk.id and x.indid = xk.indid and xk.keyno = x.keycnt " +
							  "and (db_name() = @Catalog or (@Catalog is null)) and " +
							  "(user_name() = @Owner or (@Owner is null)) and (o.name = " +
							  "@Table or (@Table is null)) and (x.name = @Name or (@Name is null))" +
							  "order by table_name, index_name", this);
				command.Parameters.Add ("@Catalog", SqlDbType.NVarChar, 4000);
				command.Parameters.Add ("@Owner", SqlDbType.NVarChar, 4000);
				command.Parameters.Add ("@Table", SqlDbType.NVarChar, 4000);
				command.Parameters.Add ("@Name", SqlDbType.NVarChar, 4000);
				break;
			case "IndexColumns":
				command = new SqlCommand ("select distinct db_name() as constraint_catalog, " +
							  "constraint_schema = user_name (o.uid), constraint_name = x.name, " +
							  "table_catalog = db_name (), table_schema = user_name (o.uid), " +
							  "table_name = o.name, column_name = c.name, " +
							  "ordinal_position = convert (int, xk.keyno), keyType = c.xtype, " +
							  "index_name = x.name from sysobjects o, sysindexes x, syscolumns c, " +
							  "sysindexkeys xk where o.type in ('U') and x.id = o.id and o.id = c.id " +
							  "and o.id = xk.id and x.indid = xk.indid and c.colid = xk.colid " +
							  "and xk.keyno <= x.keycnt and permissions (o.id, c.name) <> 0 " +
							  "and (db_name() = @Catalog or (@Catalog is null)) and (user_name() " +
							  "= @Owner or (@Owner is null)) and (o.name = @Table or (@Table is" +
							  " null)) and (x.name = @ConstraintName or (@ConstraintName is null)) " +
							  "and (c.name = @Column or (@Column is null)) order by table_name, " +
							  "index_name", this);
				command.Parameters.Add ("@Catalog", SqlDbType.NVarChar, 8);
				command.Parameters.Add ("@Owner", SqlDbType.NVarChar, 4000);
				command.Parameters.Add ("@Table", SqlDbType.NVarChar, 13);
				command.Parameters.Add ("@ConstraintName", SqlDbType.NVarChar, 4000);
				command.Parameters.Add ("@Column", SqlDbType.NVarChar, 4000);
				break;
			case "Procedures":
				command = new SqlCommand ("select SPECIFIC_CATALOG, SPECIFIC_SCHEMA, SPECIFIC_NAME, " +
							  "ROUTINE_CATALOG, ROUTINE_SCHEMA, ROUTINE_NAME, ROUTINE_TYPE, " +
							  "CREATED, LAST_ALTERED from INFORMATION_SCHEMA.ROUTINES where " +
							  "(SPECIFIC_CATALOG = @Catalog or (@Catalog is null)) and " +
							  "(SPECIFIC_SCHEMA = @Owner or (@Owner is null)) and (SPECIFIC_NAME" +
							  " = @Name or (@Name is null)) and (ROUTINE_TYPE = @Type or (@Type " +
							  "is null)) order by SPECIFIC_CATALOG, SPECIFIC_SCHEMA, SPECIFIC_NAME", this);
				command.Parameters.Add ("@Catalog", SqlDbType.NVarChar, 4000);
				command.Parameters.Add ("@Owner", SqlDbType.NVarChar, 4000);
				command.Parameters.Add ("@Name", SqlDbType.NVarChar, 4000);
				command.Parameters.Add ("@Type", SqlDbType.NVarChar, 4000);
				break;
			case "ProcedureParameters":
				command = new SqlCommand ("select SPECIFIC_CATALOG, SPECIFIC_SCHEMA, SPECIFIC_NAME, " +
							  "ORDINAL_POSITION, PARAMETER_MODE, IS_RESULT, AS_LOCATOR, " +
							  "PARAMETER_NAME, DATA_TYPE, CHARACTER_MAXIMUM_LENGTH, " +
							  "CHARACTER_OCTET_LENGTH, COLLATION_CATALOG, COLLATION_SCHEMA, " +
							  "COLLATION_NAME, CHARACTER_SET_CATALOG, CHARACTER_SET_SCHEMA, " +
							  "CHARACTER_SET_NAME, NUMERIC_PRECISION, NUMERIC_PRECISION_RADIX, " +
							  "NUMERIC_SCALE, DATETIME_PRECISION, INTERVAL_TYPE, " +
							  "INTERVAL_PRECISION from INFORMATION_SCHEMA.PARAMETERS where " +
							  "(SPECIFIC_CATALOG = @Catalog or (@Catalog is null)) and " +
							  "(SPECIFIC_SCHEMA = @Owner or (@Owner is null)) and (SPECIFIC_NAME = " +
							  "@Name or (@Name is null)) and (PARAMETER_NAME = @Parameter or (" +
							  "@Parameter is null)) order by SPECIFIC_CATALOG, SPECIFIC_SCHEMA," +
							  " SPECIFIC_NAME, PARAMETER_NAME", this);
				command.Parameters.Add ("@Catalog", SqlDbType.NVarChar, 4000);
				command.Parameters.Add ("@Owner", SqlDbType.NVarChar, 4000);
				command.Parameters.Add ("@Name", SqlDbType.NVarChar, 4000);
				command.Parameters.Add ("@Parameter", SqlDbType.NVarChar, 4000);
				break;
			case "Tables":
				command = new SqlCommand ("select TABLE_CATALOG, TABLE_SCHEMA, TABLE_NAME, TABLE_TYPE " +
							  "from INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLES where" +
							  " (TABLE_CATALOG = @catalog or (@catalog is null)) and " +
							  "(TABLE_SCHEMA = @owner or (@owner is null))and " +
							  "(TABLE_NAME = @name or (@name is null)) and " +
							  "(TABLE_TYPE = @table_type or (@table_type is null))", this);
				command.Parameters.Add ("@catalog", SqlDbType.NVarChar, 8);
				command.Parameters.Add ("@owner", SqlDbType.NVarChar, 3);
				command.Parameters.Add ("@name", SqlDbType.NVarChar, 11);
				command.Parameters.Add ("@table_type", SqlDbType.NVarChar, 10);
				break;
			case "Columns":
				command = new SqlCommand ("select TABLE_CATALOG, TABLE_SCHEMA, TABLE_NAME, COLUMN_NAME, " +
							  "ORDINAL_POSITION, COLUMN_DEFAULT, IS_NULLABLE, DATA_TYPE, " +
							  "CHARACTER_MAXIMUM_LENGTH, CHARACTER_OCTET_LENGTH, " +
							  "NUMERIC_PRECISION, NUMERIC_PRECISION_RADIX, NUMERIC_SCALE, " +
							  "DATETIME_PRECISION, CHARACTER_SET_CATALOG, CHARACTER_SET_SCHEMA, " +
							  "CHARACTER_SET_NAME, COLLATION_CATALOG from INFORMATION_SCHEMA.COLUMNS" +
							  " where (TABLE_CATALOG = @Catalog or (@Catalog is null)) and (" +
							  "TABLE_SCHEMA = @Owner or (@Owner is null)) and (TABLE_NAME = @table" +
							  " or (@Table is null)) and (COLUMN_NAME = @column or (@Column is null" +
							  ")) order by TABLE_CATALOG, TABLE_SCHEMA, TABLE_NAME, COLUMN_NAME", this);
				command.Parameters.Add ("@Catalog", SqlDbType.NVarChar, 4000);
				command.Parameters.Add ("@Owner", SqlDbType.NVarChar, 4000);
				command.Parameters.Add ("@Table", SqlDbType.NVarChar, 4000);
				command.Parameters.Add ("@Column", SqlDbType.NVarChar, 4000);
				break;
			case "Users":
				command = new SqlCommand ("select uid, name as user_name, createdate, updatedate from sysusers" +
							  " where (name = @Name or (@Name is null))", this);
				command.Parameters.Add ("@Name", SqlDbType.NVarChar, 4000);
				break;
			case "StructuredTypeMembers":
				// Only available on SQL Server 2008
				// Running it again SQL 2005 results in the following exception:
				// Unable to build the 'StructuredTypeMembers' collection because
				// execution of the SQL query failed. See the inner exception for details.
				// ---> System.Data.SqlClient.SqlException: Invalid object name 'sys.table_types'.
				// 
				// I don't have access to SQL Server 2008 right now,
				// and can't find any online documentation on the 'sys.table_types'
				// view
				throw new NotImplementedException ();
			case "Views":
				command = new SqlCommand ("select TABLE_CATALOG, TABLE_SCHEMA, TABLE_NAME, CHECK_OPTION, " +
							  "IS_UPDATABLE from INFORMATION_SCHEMA.VIEWS where (TABLE_CATALOG" +
							  " = @Catalog or (@Catalog is null)) TABLE_SCHEMA = @Owner or " +
							  "(@Owner is null)) and (TABLE_NAME = @table or (@Table is null))" +
							  " order by TABLE_CATALOG, TABLE_SCHEMA, TABLE_NAME", this);
				command.Parameters.Add ("@Catalog", SqlDbType.NVarChar, 4000);
				command.Parameters.Add ("@Owner", SqlDbType.NVarChar, 4000);
				command.Parameters.Add ("@Table", SqlDbType.NVarChar, 4000);
				break;
			case "ViewColumns":
				command = new SqlCommand ("select VIEW_CATALOG, VIEW_SCHEMA, VIEW_NAME, TABLE_CATALOG, " +
							  "TABLE_SCHEMA, TABLE_NAME, COLUMN_NAME from " +
							  "INFORMATION_SCHEMA.VIEW_COLUMN_USAGE where (VIEW_CATALOG = " +
							  "@Catalog (@Catalog is null)) and (VIEW_SCHEMA = @Owner (@Owner" +
							  " is null)) and (VIEW_NAME = @Table or (@Table is null)) and " +
							  "(COLUMN_NAME = @Column or (@Column is null)) order by " +
							  "VIEW_CATALOG, VIEW_SCHEMA, VIEW_NAME", this);
				command.Parameters.Add ("@Catalog", SqlDbType.NVarChar, 4000);
				command.Parameters.Add ("@Owner", SqlDbType.NVarChar, 4000);
				command.Parameters.Add ("@Table", SqlDbType.NVarChar, 4000);
				command.Parameters.Add ("@Column", SqlDbType.NVarChar, 4000);
				break;
			case "UserDefinedTypes":
				command = new SqlCommand ("select assemblies.name as assembly_name, types.assembly_class " +
							  "as udt_name, ASSEMBLYPROPERTY(assemblies.name, 'VersionMajor') " +
							  "as version_major, ASSEMBLYPROPERTY(assemblies.name, 'VersionMinor') " +
							  "as version_minor, ASSEMBLYPROPERTY(assemblies.name, 'VersionBuild') " +
							  "as version_build, ASSEMBLYPROPERTY(assemblies.name, 'VersionRevision') " +
							  "as version_revision, ASSEMBLYPROPERTY(assemblies.name, 'CultureInfo') " +
							  "as culture_info, ASSEMBLYPROPERTY(assemblies.name, 'PublicKey') " +
							  "as public_key, is_fixed_length, max_length, Create_Date, " +
							  "Permission_set_desc from sys.assemblies as assemblies join " +
							  "sys.assembly_types as types on assemblies.assembly_id = types.assembly_id" +
							  " where (assportemblies.name = @AssemblyName or (@AssemblyName is null)) and " +
							  "(types.assembly_class = @UDTName or (@UDTName is null))",
							  this);
				command.Parameters.Add ("@AssemblyName", SqlDbType.NVarChar, 4000);
				command.Parameters.Add ("@UDTName", SqlDbType.NVarChar, 4000);
				break;
			case "MetaDataCollections":
				return MetaDataCollections.Instance;
			case "DataSourceInformation":
				return DataSourceInformation.GetInstance (this);
			case "DataTypes":
				return DataTypes.Instance;
			case "ReservedWords":
				return ReservedWords.Instance;
			case "Restrictions":
				return Restrictions.Instance;
			}
			for (int i = 0; i < length; i++) {
				command.Parameters[i].Value = restrictionValues[i];
			}
			dataAdapter.SelectCommand = command;
			dataAdapter.Fill (dataTable);
			return dataTable;
		}
		
		public static void ChangePassword (string connectionString, string newPassword)
		{
			if (String.IsNullOrEmpty (connectionString))
				throw new ArgumentNullException ("The 'connectionString' cannot be null or empty.");
			if (String.IsNullOrEmpty (newPassword))
				throw new ArgumentNullException ("The 'newPassword' cannot be null or empty.");
			if (newPassword.Length > 128)
				throw new ArgumentException ("The length of 'newPassword' cannot exceed 128 characters.");
			using (SqlConnection conn = new SqlConnection (connectionString)) {
				conn.Open ();
				conn.tds.Execute (String.Format ("sp_password '{0}', '{1}', '{2}'",
								 conn.parms.Password, newPassword, conn.parms.User));
			}
		}

		public static void ClearAllPools ()
		{
			// FIXME: locking
			IDictionary pools = SqlConnection.sqlConnectionPools.GetConnectionPool ();
			foreach (TdsConnectionPool pool in pools.Values) {
				if (pool != null)
					pool.ResetConnectionPool ();
			}
			pools.Clear ();
		}

		public static void ClearPool (SqlConnection connection)
		{
			if (connection == null)
				throw new ArgumentNullException ("connection");

			// FIXME: locking
			if (connection.pooling) {
				TdsConnectionPool pool = sqlConnectionPools.GetConnectionPool (connection.ConnectionString);
				if (pool != null)
					pool.ResetConnectionPool ();
			}
		}

		[MonoTODO]
		public void ResetStatistics ()
		{
			throw new NotImplementedException ();
		}

		[MonoTODO]
		public IDictionary RetrieveStatistics ()
		{
			throw new NotImplementedException ();
		}

		#endregion // Methods

		#region Fields Net 2

		bool async;
		bool userInstance;

		#endregion // Fields  Net 2

		#region Properties Net 2

		[DesignerSerializationVisibility (DesignerSerializationVisibility.Hidden)]
		internal bool AsyncProcessing  {
			get { return async; }
		}

		#endregion // Properties Net 2


	}
}