mono/mcs/class/System.ServiceModel/System.ServiceModel.Description/ContractDescriptionGenerator.cs

//
// ContractDescriptionGenerator.cs
//
// Author:
//	Atsushi Enomoto <[email protected]>
//	Atsushi Enomoto <[email protected]>
//
// Copyright (C) 2005-2007 Novell, Inc.  http://www.novell.com
// Copyright (C) 2011 Xamarin, Inc. http://xamarin.com
//
// Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining
// a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the
// "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including
// without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,
// distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to
// permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to
// the following conditions:
// 
// The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
// included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
// 
// THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
// EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
// MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND
// NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE
// LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION
// OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION
// WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
//
using System;
using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Collections.ObjectModel;
using System.Linq;
using System.Net.Security;
using System.Reflection;
using System.Runtime.Serialization;
using System.ServiceModel;
using System.ServiceModel.Channels;

namespace System.ServiceModel.Description
{
	internal static class ContractDescriptionGenerator
	{
		public delegate bool GetOperationContractAttributeExtender (MethodBase method, object[] customAttributes, ref OperationContractAttribute oca);

		static List <GetOperationContractAttributeExtender> getOperationContractAttributeExtenders;

		public static void RegisterGetOperationContractAttributeExtender (GetOperationContractAttributeExtender extender)
		{
			if (extender == null)
				return;

			if (getOperationContractAttributeExtenders == null)
				getOperationContractAttributeExtenders = new List <GetOperationContractAttributeExtender> ();

			if (getOperationContractAttributeExtenders.Contains (extender))
				return;

			getOperationContractAttributeExtenders.Add (extender);
		}

		public static OperationContractAttribute GetOperationContractAttribute (MethodBase method)
		{
			object [] matts = method.GetCustomAttributes (typeof (OperationContractAttribute), false);
			OperationContractAttribute oca;
			
			if (matts.Length == 0)
				oca = null;
			else
				oca = matts [0] as OperationContractAttribute;

			if (getOperationContractAttributeExtenders != null && getOperationContractAttributeExtenders.Count > 0) {
				foreach (var extender in getOperationContractAttributeExtenders)
					if (extender (method, matts, ref oca))
						break;
			}

			return oca;
		}

		static void GetServiceContractAttribute (Type type, Dictionary<Type,ServiceContractAttribute> table)
		{
			for (; type != null; type = type.BaseType) {
				foreach (ServiceContractAttribute i in
					type.GetCustomAttributes (
					typeof (ServiceContractAttribute), true))
					table [type] = i;
				foreach (Type t in type.GetInterfaces ())
					GetServiceContractAttribute (t, table);
			}
		}
		public static Dictionary<Type, ServiceContractAttribute> GetServiceContractAttributes (Type type) 
		{
			Dictionary<Type, ServiceContractAttribute> table = new Dictionary<Type, ServiceContractAttribute> ();
			GetServiceContractAttribute (type, table);
			return table;
		}

		public static ContractDescription GetContract (Type contractType) {
			return GetContract (contractType, (Type) null);
		}

		public static ContractDescription GetContract (
			Type contractType, object serviceImplementation) {
			if (serviceImplementation == null)
				throw new ArgumentNullException ("serviceImplementation");
			return GetContract (contractType,
				serviceImplementation.GetType ());
		}

		public static MessageContractAttribute GetMessageContractAttribute (Type type)
		{
			for (Type t = type; t != null; t = t.BaseType) {
				object [] matts = t.GetCustomAttributes (
					typeof (MessageContractAttribute), true);
				if (matts.Length > 0)
					return (MessageContractAttribute) matts [0];
			}
			return null;
		}

		public static ContractDescription GetCallbackContract (Type serviceType, Type callbackType)
		{
			return GetContract (callbackType, null, serviceType);
		}

		public static ContractDescription GetContract (
			Type givenContractType, Type givenServiceType)
		{
			return GetContract (givenContractType, givenServiceType, null);
		}

		static ContractDescription GetContract (Type givenContractType, Type givenServiceType, Type serviceTypeForCallback)
		{
			var ret = GetContractInternal (givenContractType, givenServiceType, serviceTypeForCallback);
			if (ret == null)
				throw new InvalidOperationException (String.Format ("Attempted to get contract type from '{0}' which neither is a service contract nor does it inherit service contract.", serviceTypeForCallback ?? givenContractType));
			return ret;
		}

		internal static Type GetContractAssignableToInterfaces(Type given, Type [] givenInterfaces)
		{
			if ((given != null) && (givenInterfaces.Count() < 1))
				return null;
			Dictionary<Type,int> interfaceGraph = new Dictionary<Type,int> ();
			foreach (var smaller in givenInterfaces) {
				interfaceGraph [smaller] = 0;
				foreach (var bigger in givenInterfaces) {
					if (smaller.IsAssignableFrom (bigger)) {
						interfaceGraph [smaller]++;
					}
				}
			}

			List<Type> possibleInterfaces = new List<Type> ();
			foreach (var node in interfaceGraph) {
				if (node.Value == 1) {
					possibleInterfaces.Add(node.Key);
				}
			}
			// For this purpose a contract is a set of interfaces. it is necessary to find the interface representative of rest of the set. It will be assignable to all of 
			// the others but can only be assigned to by itself. This will give it  count of ! in its slot in the interfaceGraph. To be a valid set there can be only one with a count of one
			// in its slot.  More results in InvalidOperation exceptioni with ambigours error message, less means that the interface we want is the one passed in by the parameter given
			// and by returning null we give the callign method permission to use it..
			switch (possibleInterfaces.Count()) 
			{
				case 0:
				break;
				case 1:
				return possibleInterfaces [0];
				break;
				default:
				if (!given.IsInterface) 
					throw new InvalidOperationException ("The contract type of " + given + " is ambiguous: can be either " + possibleInterfaces[0] + " or " + possibleInterfaces[1]);
				break;
			}
			return null;
		}

		internal static ContractDescription GetContractInternal (Type givenContractType, Type givenServiceType, Type serviceTypeForCallback)
		{
			if (givenContractType == null)
				throw new ArgumentNullException ("givenContractType");
			// FIXME: serviceType should be used for specifying attributes like OperationBehavior.

			Type exactContractType = null;
			ServiceContractAttribute sca = null;
			Dictionary<Type, ServiceContractAttribute> contracts = 
				GetServiceContractAttributes (serviceTypeForCallback ?? givenServiceType ?? givenContractType);
			if (contracts.ContainsKey (givenContractType)) {
				exactContractType = givenContractType;
				sca = contracts [givenContractType];
			} else {
				Type[] contractTypes = contracts.Keys.ToArray() as Type [];
				exactContractType = GetContractAssignableToInterfaces(givenContractType, contractTypes);
				if (exactContractType != null)
					sca = contracts[exactContractType];
			}

			if (exactContractType == null)
				exactContractType = givenContractType;
			if (sca == null) {
				if (serviceTypeForCallback != null)
					sca = contracts.Values.First ();
				else
					return null; // no contract
			}

			string name = sca.Name ?? exactContractType.Name;
			string ns = sca.Namespace ?? "http://tempuri.org/";

			ContractDescription cd =
				new ContractDescription (name, ns);
			cd.ContractType = exactContractType;
			cd.CallbackContractType = sca.CallbackContract;
			cd.SessionMode = sca.SessionMode;
			if (sca.ConfigurationName != null)
				cd.ConfigurationName = sca.ConfigurationName;
			else
				cd.ConfigurationName = exactContractType.FullName;
			if (sca.HasProtectionLevel)
				cd.ProtectionLevel = sca.ProtectionLevel;

			/*
			 * Calling `FillOperationsForInterface(cd, X, null, false)' followed by
			 * `FillOperationsForInterface(cd, X, Y, false)' would attempt to populate
			 * the behavior list for 'X' twice (bug #6187).
			 * 
			 * Therefor, we manually iterate over the list of interfaces here instead of
			 * using ContractDescription.GetInheritedContracts().
			 * 
			 */

			var inherited = new Collection<ContractDescription> ();
		var interfaces = cd.ContractType.GetInterfaces ();
			foreach (var it in interfaces ) {
				var icd = GetContractInternal (it, givenServiceType, null);
				if (icd != null)
					inherited.Add (icd);
			}

			foreach (var icd in inherited) 
			{
				foreach (var od in icd.Operations) 
				{
					if (!cd.Operations.Any (o => o.Name == od.Name && o.SyncMethod == od.SyncMethod && o.BeginMethod == od.BeginMethod && o.InCallbackContract == od.InCallbackContract))
						cd.Operations.Add (od);
				}
			}

			FillOperationsForInterface (cd, cd.ContractType, givenServiceType, false);
			
			if (cd.CallbackContractType != null)
				FillOperationsForInterface (cd, cd.CallbackContractType, null, true);

			// FIXME: enable this when I found where this check is needed.
			/*
			if (cd.Operations.Count == 0)
				throw new InvalidOperationException (String.Format ("The service contract type {0} has no operation. At least one operation must exist.", contractType));
			*/
			return cd;
		}
		
		static void FillOperationsForInterface (ContractDescription cd, Type exactContractType, Type givenServiceType, bool isCallback)
		{
			// FIXME: load Behaviors
			MethodInfo [] contractMethods = /*exactContractType.IsInterface ? GetAllMethods (exactContractType) :*/ exactContractType.GetMethods (BindingFlags.Public | BindingFlags.Instance | BindingFlags.DeclaredOnly);
			MethodInfo [] serviceMethods = contractMethods;
			if (givenServiceType != null && exactContractType.IsInterface) {
				var l = new List<MethodInfo> ();
				foreach (Type t in GetAllInterfaceTypes (exactContractType))
					l.AddRange (givenServiceType.GetInterfaceMap (t).TargetMethods);
				serviceMethods = l.ToArray ();
			}
			
			for (int i = 0; i < contractMethods.Length; ++i)
			{

				MethodInfo mi = contractMethods [i];
				OperationContractAttribute oca = GetOperationContractAttribute (mi);
				if (oca == null)
					continue;
				MethodInfo end = null;
				if (oca.AsyncPattern) {
					if (String.Compare ("Begin", 0, mi.Name,0, 5) != 0)
						throw new InvalidOperationException ("For async operation contract patterns, the initiator method name must start with 'Begin'.");
					string endName = "End" + mi.Name.Substring (5);
					end = mi.DeclaringType.GetMethod (endName);
					if (end == null)
						throw new InvalidOperationException (String.Format ("'{0}' method is missing. For async operation contract patterns, corresponding End method is required for each Begin method.", endName));
					if (GetOperationContractAttribute (end) != null)
						throw new InvalidOperationException ("Async 'End' method must not have OperationContractAttribute. It is automatically treated as the EndMethod of the corresponding 'Begin' method.");
				}
				OperationDescription od = GetOrCreateOperation (cd, mi, serviceMethods [i], oca, end != null ? end.ReturnType : null, isCallback, givenServiceType);
				if (end != null)
					od.EndMethod = end;
			}
		}

		static MethodInfo [] GetAllMethods (Type type)
		{
			var l = new List<MethodInfo> ();
			foreach (var t in GetAllInterfaceTypes (type)) {
#if FULL_AOT_RUNTIME
				// The MethodBase[] from t.GetMethods () is cast to a IEnumerable <MethodInfo>
				// when passed to List<MethodInfo>.AddRange, which in turn casts it to 
				// ICollection <MethodInfo>.  The full-aot compiler has no idea of this, so
				// we're going to make it aware.
				int c = ((ICollection <MethodInfo>) t.GetMethods ()).Count;
#endif
				l.AddRange (t.GetMethods ());
			}
			return l.ToArray ();
		}

		static IEnumerable<Type> GetAllInterfaceTypes (Type type)
		{
			yield return type;
			foreach (var t in type.GetInterfaces ())
				foreach (var tt in GetAllInterfaceTypes (t))
					yield return tt;
		}

		static OperationDescription GetOrCreateOperation (
			ContractDescription cd, MethodInfo mi, MethodInfo serviceMethod,
			OperationContractAttribute oca,
			Type asyncReturnType,
			bool isCallback,
			Type givenServiceType)
		{
			string name = oca.Name ?? (oca.AsyncPattern ? mi.Name.Substring (5) : mi.Name);

			OperationDescription od = cd.Operations.FirstOrDefault (o => o.Name == name && o.InCallbackContract == isCallback);
			if (od == null) {
				od = new OperationDescription (name, cd);
				od.IsOneWay = oca.IsOneWay;
				if (oca.HasProtectionLevel)
					od.ProtectionLevel = oca.ProtectionLevel;

				if (HasInvalidMessageContract (mi, oca.AsyncPattern))
					throw new InvalidOperationException (String.Format ("The operation {0} contains more than one parameters and one or more of them are marked with MessageContractAttribute, but the attribute must be used within an operation that has only one parameter.", od.Name));

				var xfa = serviceMethod.GetCustomAttribute<XmlSerializerFormatAttribute> (false);
				if (xfa != null)
					od.Behaviors.Add (new XmlSerializerOperationBehavior (od, xfa));
				var dfa = serviceMethod.GetCustomAttribute<DataContractFormatAttribute> (false);
				if (dfa != null)
					od.Behaviors.Add (new DataContractSerializerOperationBehavior (od, dfa));

				od.Messages.Add (GetMessage (od, mi, oca, true, isCallback, null));
				if (!od.IsOneWay) {
					var md = GetMessage (od, mi, oca, false, isCallback, asyncReturnType);
					od.Messages.Add (md);
					var mpa = mi.ReturnParameter.GetCustomAttribute<MessageParameterAttribute> (true);
					if (mpa != null) {
						var mpd = md.Body.Parts.FirstOrDefault (pd => pd.Name == mpa.Name);
						if (mpd != null) {
							md.Body.Parts.Remove (mpd);
							md.Body.ReturnValue = mpd;
							mpd.Name = mpa.Name;
						}
						else if (md.Body.ReturnValue == null)
							throw new InvalidOperationException (String.Format ("Specified message part '{0}' in MessageParameterAttribute on the return value, was not found", mpa.Name));
					}
				}
				var knownTypeAtts =
						    cd.ContractType.GetCustomAttributes (typeof (ServiceKnownTypeAttribute), false).Union (
						    mi.GetCustomAttributes (typeof (ServiceKnownTypeAttribute), false)).Union (
						    serviceMethod.GetCustomAttributes (typeof (ServiceKnownTypeAttribute), false));
				foreach (ServiceKnownTypeAttribute a in knownTypeAtts)
					foreach (Type t in a.GetTypes (givenServiceType))
						od.KnownTypes.Add (t);
				foreach (FaultContractAttribute a in mi.GetCustomAttributes (typeof (FaultContractAttribute), false)) {
					var fname = a.Name ?? a.DetailType.Name + "Fault";
					var fns = a.Namespace ?? cd.Namespace;
					var fd = new FaultDescription (a.Action ?? cd.Namespace + cd.Name + "/" + od.Name + fname) { DetailType = a.DetailType, Name = fname, Namespace = fns };
#if !NET_2_1
					if (a.HasProtectionLevel)
						fd.ProtectionLevel = a.ProtectionLevel;
#endif
					od.Faults.Add (fd);
				}
				cd.Operations.Add (od);
			}
			else if ((oca.AsyncPattern && od.BeginMethod != null && od.BeginMethod != mi ||
				 !oca.AsyncPattern && od.SyncMethod != null && od.SyncMethod != mi) && od.InCallbackContract == isCallback)
				throw new InvalidOperationException (String.Format ("contract '{1}' cannot have two operations for '{0}' that have the identical names and different set of parameters.", name, cd.Name));

			if (oca.AsyncPattern)
				od.BeginMethod = mi;
			else
				od.SyncMethod = mi;
			od.IsInitiating = oca.IsInitiating;
			od.IsTerminating = oca.IsTerminating;

			if (mi != serviceMethod)
				foreach (object obj in mi.GetCustomAttributes (typeof (IOperationBehavior), true))
					od.Behaviors.Add ((IOperationBehavior) obj);

			if (serviceMethod != null) {
				foreach (object obj in serviceMethod.GetCustomAttributes (typeof(IOperationBehavior),true))
					od.Behaviors.Add ((IOperationBehavior) obj);
			}
#if !NET_2_1
			if (od.Behaviors.Find<OperationBehaviorAttribute>() == null)
				od.Behaviors.Add (new OperationBehaviorAttribute ());
#endif
			// FIXME: fill KnownTypes, Behaviors and Faults.

			if (isCallback)
				od.InCallbackContract = true;
			else
				od.InOrdinalContract = true;

			return od;
		}

		static bool HasInvalidMessageContract (MethodInfo mi, bool async)
		{
			var pars = mi.GetParameters ();
			if (async) {
				if (pars.Length > 3) {
					if (pars.Take (pars.Length - 2).Any (par => par.ParameterType.GetCustomAttribute<MessageContractAttribute> (true) != null))
						return true;
				}
			} else {
				if (pars.Length > 1) {
					if (pars.Any (par => par.ParameterType.GetCustomAttribute<MessageContractAttribute> (true) != null))
						return true;
				}
			}
			return false;
		}

		static MessageDescription GetMessage (
			OperationDescription od, MethodInfo mi,
			OperationContractAttribute oca, bool isRequest,
			bool isCallback, Type asyncReturnType)
		{
			ContractDescription cd = od.DeclaringContract;
			ParameterInfo [] plist = mi.GetParameters ();
			Type messageType = null;
			string action = isRequest ? oca.Action : oca.ReplyAction;
			MessageContractAttribute mca;

			Type retType = asyncReturnType;
			if (!isRequest && retType == null)
				retType =  mi.ReturnType;

			// If the argument is only one and has [MessageContract]
			// then infer it as a typed messsage
			if (isRequest) {
				int len = mi.Name.StartsWith ("Begin", StringComparison.Ordinal) ? 3 : 1;
				mca = plist.Length != len ? null :
					GetMessageContractAttribute (plist [0].ParameterType);
				if (mca != null)
					messageType = plist [0].ParameterType;
			}
			else {
				mca = GetMessageContractAttribute (retType);
				if (mca != null)
					messageType = retType;
			}

			if (action == null)
				action = String.Concat (cd.Namespace, 
					cd.Namespace.Length == 0 ? "urn:" : cd.Namespace.EndsWith ("/") ? "" : "/", cd.Name, "/",
					od.Name, isRequest ? String.Empty : "Response");

			MessageDescription md;
			if (mca != null)
				md = CreateMessageDescription (messageType, cd.Namespace, action, isRequest, isCallback, mca);
			else
				md = CreateMessageDescription (oca, plist, od.Name, cd.Namespace, action, isRequest, isCallback, retType);

			// ReturnValue
			if (!isRequest) {
				MessagePartDescription mp = CreatePartCore (GetMessageParameterAttribute (mi.ReturnTypeCustomAttributes), od.Name + "Result", md.Body.WrapperNamespace);
				mp.Index = 0;
				mp.Type = mca != null ? typeof (void) : retType;
				md.Body.ReturnValue = mp;
			}

			return md;
		}

		public static MessageDescription CreateMessageDescription (
			Type messageType, string defaultNamespace, string action, bool isRequest, bool isCallback, MessageContractAttribute mca)
		{
			MessageDescription md = new MessageDescription (action, isRequest ^ isCallback ? MessageDirection.Input : MessageDirection.Output) { IsRequest = isRequest };
			md.MessageType = MessageFilterOutByRef (messageType);
			if (mca.HasProtectionLevel)
				md.ProtectionLevel = mca.ProtectionLevel;

			MessageBodyDescription mb = md.Body;
			if (mca.IsWrapped) {
				mb.WrapperName = mca.WrapperName ?? messageType.Name;
				mb.WrapperNamespace = mca.WrapperNamespace ?? defaultNamespace;
			}

			int index = 0;
			foreach (MemberInfo bmi in messageType.GetMembers (BindingFlags.Public | BindingFlags.NonPublic | BindingFlags.Instance)) {
				Type mtype = null;
				string mname = null;
				if (bmi is FieldInfo) {
					FieldInfo fi = (FieldInfo) bmi;
					mtype = fi.FieldType;
					mname = fi.Name;
				}
				else if (bmi is PropertyInfo) {
					PropertyInfo pi = (PropertyInfo) bmi;
					mtype = pi.PropertyType;
					mname = pi.Name;
				}
				else
					continue;

				var mha = bmi.GetCustomAttribute<MessageHeaderAttribute> (false);
				if (mha != null) {
					var pd = CreateHeaderDescription (mha, mname, defaultNamespace);
					pd.Type = MessageFilterOutByRef (mtype);
					pd.MemberInfo = bmi;
					md.Headers.Add (pd);
				}
				var mpa = bmi.GetCustomAttribute<MessagePropertyAttribute> (false);
				if (mpa != null) {
					var pd = new MessagePropertyDescription (mpa.Name ?? mname);
					pd.Type = MessageFilterOutByRef (mtype);
					pd.MemberInfo = bmi;
					md.Properties.Add (pd);
				}
				var mba = GetMessageBodyMemberAttribute (bmi);
				if (mba != null) {
					var pd = CreatePartCore (mba, mname, defaultNamespace);
					if (pd.Index <= 0)
						pd.Index = index++;
					pd.Type = MessageFilterOutByRef (mtype);
					pd.MemberInfo = bmi;
					mb.Parts.Add (pd);
				}
			}

			return md;
		}

		public static MessageDescription CreateMessageDescription (
			OperationContractAttribute oca, ParameterInfo[] plist, string name, string defaultNamespace, string action, bool isRequest, bool isCallback, Type retType)
		{
			var dir = isRequest ^ isCallback ? MessageDirection.Input : MessageDirection.Output;
			MessageDescription md = new MessageDescription (action, dir) { IsRequest = isRequest };

			MessageBodyDescription mb = md.Body;
			mb.WrapperName = name + (isRequest ? String.Empty : "Response");
			mb.WrapperNamespace = defaultNamespace;

			if (oca.HasProtectionLevel)
				md.ProtectionLevel = oca.ProtectionLevel;

			// Parts
			int index = 0;
			foreach (ParameterInfo pi in plist) {
				// AsyncCallback and state are extraneous.
				if (oca.AsyncPattern && pi.Position == plist.Length - 2)
					break;

				// They are ignored:
				// - out parameter in request
				// - neither out nor ref parameter in reply
				if (isRequest && pi.IsOut)
					continue;
				if (!isRequest && !pi.IsOut && !pi.ParameterType.IsByRef)
					continue;

				MessagePartDescription pd = CreatePartCore (GetMessageParameterAttribute (pi), pi.Name, defaultNamespace);
				pd.Index = index++;
				pd.Type = MessageFilterOutByRef (pi.ParameterType);
				mb.Parts.Add (pd);			
			}

			return md;
		}

//		public static void FillMessageBodyDescriptionByContract (
//			Type messageType, MessageBodyDescription mb)
//		{
//		}

		static MessageHeaderDescription CreateHeaderDescription (MessageHeaderAttribute mha, string defaultName, string defaultNamespace)
		{
			var ret = CreatePartCore<MessageHeaderDescription> (mha, defaultName, defaultNamespace, delegate (string n, string ns) { return new MessageHeaderDescription (n, ns); });
			ret.Actor = mha.Actor;
			ret.MustUnderstand = mha.MustUnderstand;
			ret.Relay = mha.Relay;
			return ret;
		}

		static MessagePartDescription CreatePartCore (
			MessageParameterAttribute mpa, string defaultName,
			string defaultNamespace)
		{
			string pname = null;
			if (mpa != null && mpa.Name != null)
				pname = mpa.Name;
			if (pname == null)
				pname = defaultName;
			return new MessagePartDescription (pname, defaultNamespace);
		}

		static MessagePartDescription CreatePartCore (MessageBodyMemberAttribute mba, string defaultName, string defaultNamespace)
		{
			var ret = CreatePartCore<MessagePartDescription> (mba, defaultName, defaultNamespace, delegate (string n, string ns) { return new MessagePartDescription (n, ns); });
			ret.Index = mba.Order;
			return ret;
		}

		static T CreatePartCore<T> (MessageContractMemberAttribute mba, string defaultName, string defaultNamespace, Func<string,string,T> creator)
		{
			string pname = null, pns = null;
			if (mba != null) {
				if (mba.Name != null)
					pname = mba.Name;
				if (mba.Namespace != null)
					pns = mba.Namespace;
			}
			if (pname == null)
				pname = defaultName;
			if (pns == null)
				pns = defaultNamespace;

			return creator (pname, pns);
		}

		static Type MessageFilterOutByRef (Type type)
		{
			return type == null ? null :
				type.IsByRef ? type.GetElementType () : type;
		}

		static MessageParameterAttribute GetMessageParameterAttribute (ICustomAttributeProvider provider)
		{
			object [] attrs = provider.GetCustomAttributes (
				typeof (MessageParameterAttribute), true);
			return attrs.Length > 0 ? (MessageParameterAttribute) attrs [0] : null;
		}

		static MessageBodyMemberAttribute GetMessageBodyMemberAttribute (MemberInfo mi)
		{
			object [] matts = mi.GetCustomAttributes (
				typeof (MessageBodyMemberAttribute), true);
			return matts.Length > 0 ? (MessageBodyMemberAttribute) matts [0] : null;
		}
	}
}