mono/mcs/class/System.XML/System.Xml/XmlTextReader.cs

//
// System.Xml.XmlTextReader
//
// Author:
//   Jason Diamond ([email protected])
//   Adam Treat ([email protected])
//   Atsushi Enomoto  ([email protected])
//
// (C) 2001, 2002 Jason Diamond  http://injektilo.org/
//

// FIXME:
//
//   Some thought needs to be given to performance.
//
//   If current node is on an Attribute, Prefix might be null, and
//   in several fields which uses XmlReader, it should be considered.
//

using System;
using System.Collections;
using System.IO;
using System.Security.Policy;
using System.Text;
using System.Xml.Schema;
using Mono.Xml;
using Mono.Xml.Native;

namespace System.Xml
{
	public class XmlTextReader : XmlReader, IXmlLineInfo
	{
		#region Constructors

		protected XmlTextReader ()
		{
		}

		public XmlTextReader (Stream input)
			: this (new XmlStreamReader (input))
		{
		}

		public XmlTextReader (string url)
			: this(url, new NameTable ())
		{
		}

		public XmlTextReader (TextReader input)
			: this (input, new NameTable ())
		{
		}

		protected XmlTextReader (XmlNameTable nt)
			: this (String.Empty, null, XmlNodeType.None, null)
		{
		}

		public XmlTextReader (Stream input, XmlNameTable nt)
			: this(new XmlStreamReader (input), nt)
 		{
		}

		public XmlTextReader (string url, Stream input)
			: this (url, new XmlStreamReader (input))
		{
		}

		public XmlTextReader (string url, TextReader input)
			: this (url, input, new NameTable ())
		{
		}

		public XmlTextReader (string url, XmlNameTable nt)
		{
			Uri uri = resolver.ResolveUri (null, url);
			Stream s = resolver.GetEntity (uri, null, typeof (Stream)) as Stream;
			XmlParserContext ctx = new XmlParserContext (nt,
				new XmlNamespaceManager (nt),
				String.Empty,
				XmlSpace.None);
			this.InitializeContext (uri.ToString(), ctx, new XmlStreamReader (s), XmlNodeType.Document);
		}

		public XmlTextReader (TextReader input, XmlNameTable nt)
			: this (String.Empty, input, nt)
		{
		}

		public XmlTextReader (Stream xmlFragment, XmlNodeType fragType, XmlParserContext context)
			: this (context != null ? context.BaseURI : String.Empty,
				new XmlStreamReader (xmlFragment),
			fragType,
			context)
		{
		}

		public XmlTextReader (string url, Stream input, XmlNameTable nt)
			: this (url, new XmlStreamReader (input), nt)
		{
		}

		public XmlTextReader (string url, TextReader input, XmlNameTable nt)
			: this (url, input, XmlNodeType.Document, null)
		{
		}

		public XmlTextReader (string xmlFragment, XmlNodeType fragType, XmlParserContext context)
			: this (context != null ? context.BaseURI : String.Empty,
				new StringReader (xmlFragment),
				fragType,
				context)
		{
		}

		XmlTextReader (string url, TextReader fragment, XmlNodeType fragType, XmlParserContext context)
		{
			InitializeContext (url, context, fragment, fragType);
		}

		#endregion

		#region Properties

		public override int AttributeCount
		{
			get { return attributeCount; }
		}

		public override string BaseURI
		{
			get { return parserContext.BaseURI; }
		}

		public override int Depth
		{
			get {
				int nodeTypeMod = currentToken.NodeType == XmlNodeType.Element  ? 0 : -1;
				if (currentAttributeValue >= 0)
					return nodeTypeMod + elementDepth + 2; // inside attribute value.
				else if (currentAttribute >= 0)
					return nodeTypeMod + elementDepth + 1;
				return elementDepth;
			}
		}

		public Encoding Encoding
		{
			get { return parserContext.Encoding; }
		}
#if NET_1_2
		[MonoTODO]
		public EntityHandling EntityHandling {
			get { throw new NotImplementedException (); }
		}
#endif

		public override bool EOF
		{
			get
			{
				return
					readState == ReadState.EndOfFile ||
					readState == ReadState.Closed;
			}
		}

#if NET_1_2
		[MonoTODO]
		public override Evidence [] Evidences {
			get { return base.Evidences; }
		}
#endif

		public override bool HasValue {
			get { return cursorToken.Value != null; }
		}

		public override bool IsDefault {
			// XmlTextReader does not expand default attributes.
			get { return false; }
		}

		public override bool IsEmptyElement {
			get { return cursorToken.IsEmptyElement; }
		}

		public override string this [int i] {
			get { return GetAttribute (i); }
		}

		public override string this [string name] {
			get { return GetAttribute (name); }
		}

		public override string this [string localName, string namespaceName] {
			get { return GetAttribute (localName, namespaceName); }
		}

		public int LineNumber {
			get {
				if (useProceedingLineInfo)
					return line;
				else
					return cursorToken.LineNumber;
			}
		}

		public int LinePosition {
			get {
				if (useProceedingLineInfo)
					return column;
				else
					return cursorToken.LinePosition;
			}
		}

		public override string LocalName {
			get { return cursorToken.LocalName; }
		}

		public override string Name {
			get { return cursorToken.Name; }
		}

		public bool Namespaces {
			get { return namespaces; }
			set { 
				if (readState != ReadState.Initial)
					throw new InvalidOperationException ("Namespaces have to be set before reading.");
				namespaces = value;
			}
		}

		public override string NamespaceURI {
			get { return cursorToken.NamespaceURI; }
		}

		public override XmlNameTable NameTable {
			get { return parserContext.NameTable; }
		}

		public override XmlNodeType NodeType {
			get { return cursorToken.NodeType; }
		}

		public bool Normalization {
			get { return normalization; }
			set { normalization = value; }
		}

		public override string Prefix {
			get { return cursorToken.Prefix; }
		}

		public override char QuoteChar {
			get { return cursorToken.QuoteChar; }
		}

		public override ReadState ReadState {
			get { return readState; }
		}

		public override string Value {
			get { return cursorToken.Value != null ? cursorToken.Value : String.Empty; }
		}

		public WhitespaceHandling WhitespaceHandling {
			get { return whitespaceHandling; }
			set { whitespaceHandling = value; }
		}

		public override string XmlLang {
			get { return parserContext.XmlLang; }
		}

		public XmlResolver XmlResolver {
			set { resolver = value; }
		}

		public override XmlSpace XmlSpace {
			get { return parserContext.XmlSpace; }
		}

		#endregion

		#region Methods

		public override void Close ()
		{
			readState = ReadState.Closed;

			cursorToken.Clear ();
			currentToken.Clear ();
			attributeCount = 0;
			if (reader != null)
				reader.Close ();
		}

		public override string GetAttribute (int i)
		{
			if (i >= attributeCount)
				throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException ("i is smaller than AttributeCount");
			else {
				return attributeTokens [i].Value;
			}
		}

		// MS.NET 1.0 msdn says that this method returns String.Empty
		// for absent attribute, but in fact it returns null.
		// This description is corrected in MS.NET 1.1 msdn.
		public override string GetAttribute (string name)
		{
			for (int i = 0; i < attributeCount; i++)
				if (attributeTokens [i].Name == name)
					return attributeTokens [i].Value;
			return null;
		}

		private int GetIndexOfQualifiedAttribute (string localName, string namespaceURI)
		{
			for (int i = 0; i < attributeCount; i++) {
				XmlAttributeTokenInfo ti = attributeTokens [i];
				if (ti.LocalName == localName && ti.NamespaceURI == namespaceURI)
					return i;
			}
			return -1;
		}

		internal XmlParserContext GetInternalParserContext ()
		{
			return parserContext;
		}

		public override string GetAttribute (string localName, string namespaceURI)
		{
			int idx = this.GetIndexOfQualifiedAttribute (localName, namespaceURI);
			if (idx < 0)
				return null;
			return attributeTokens [idx].Value;
		}

		public TextReader GetRemainder ()
		{
			if (peekCharsIndex == peekCharsLength)
				return reader;
			return new StringReader (new string (peekChars, peekCharsIndex, peekCharsLength - peekCharsIndex) + reader.ReadToEnd ());
		}

		bool IXmlLineInfo.HasLineInfo ()
		{
			return true;
		}

		public override string LookupNamespace (string prefix)
		{
			return LookupNamespace (prefix, false);
		}

		internal string LookupNamespace (string prefix, bool atomizedName)
		{
			return parserContext.NamespaceManager.LookupNamespace (prefix, atomizedName);
		}

		public override void MoveToAttribute (int i)
		{
			if (i >= attributeCount)
				throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException ("attribute index out of range.");

			currentAttribute = i;
			currentAttributeValue = -1;
			cursorToken = attributeTokens [i];
		}

		public override bool MoveToAttribute (string name)
		{
			for (int i = 0; i < attributeCount; i++) {
				XmlAttributeTokenInfo ti = attributeTokens [i];
				if (ti.Name == name) {
					MoveToAttribute (i);
					return true;
				}
			}
			return false;
		}

		public override bool MoveToAttribute (string localName, string namespaceName)
		{
			int idx = GetIndexOfQualifiedAttribute (localName, namespaceName);
			if (idx < 0)
				return false;
			MoveToAttribute (idx);
			return true;
		}

		public override bool MoveToElement ()
		{
			if (currentToken == null)	// for attribute .ctor()
				return false;

			if (cursorToken == currentToken)
				return false;

			if (currentAttribute >= 0) {
				currentAttribute = -1;
				currentAttributeValue = -1;
				cursorToken = currentToken;
				return true;
			}
			else
				return false;
		}

		public override bool MoveToFirstAttribute ()
		{
			if (attributeCount == 0)
				return false;
			MoveToElement ();
			return MoveToNextAttribute ();
		}

		public override bool MoveToNextAttribute ()
		{
			if (currentAttribute == 0 && attributeCount == 0)
				return false;
			if (currentAttribute + 1 < attributeCount) {
				currentAttribute++;
				currentAttributeValue = -1;
				cursorToken = attributeTokens [currentAttribute];
				return true;
			}
			else
				return false;
		}

		public override bool Read ()
		{
			if (startNodeType == XmlNodeType.Attribute) {
				if (currentAttribute == 0)
					return false;	// already read.
				ClearAttributes ();
				IncrementAttributeToken ();
				ReadAttributeValueTokens ('"');
				cursorToken = attributeTokens [0];
				currentAttributeValue = -1;
				readState = ReadState.Interactive;
				return true;
			}

			bool more = false;
			readState = ReadState.Interactive;
			currentLinkedNodeLineNumber = line;
			currentLinkedNodeLinePosition = column;
			useProceedingLineInfo = true;

			cursorToken = currentToken;
			attributeCount = 0;
			currentAttribute = currentAttributeValue = -1;
			currentToken.Clear ();

			// It was moved from end of ReadStartTag ().
			if (depthUp)
				++depth;
			depthUp = false;

			if (shouldSkipUntilEndTag) {
				shouldSkipUntilEndTag = false;
				return ReadUntilEndTag ();
			}

			base64CacheStartsAt = -1;

			more = ReadContent ();

			if (depth == 0 && !allowMultipleRoot && (IsEmptyElement || NodeType == XmlNodeType.EndElement))
				currentState = XmlNodeType.EndElement;

			if (!more && startNodeType == XmlNodeType.Document && currentState != XmlNodeType.EndElement)
				throw new XmlException ("Document element did not appear.");

			useProceedingLineInfo = false;
			return more;
		}

		public override bool ReadAttributeValue ()
		{
			if (readState == ReadState.Initial && startNodeType == XmlNodeType.Attribute) {
				Read ();
			}

			if (currentAttribute < 0)
				return false;
			XmlAttributeTokenInfo ti = attributeTokens [currentAttribute];
			if (currentAttributeValue < 0)
				currentAttributeValue = ti.ValueTokenStartIndex - 1;

			if (currentAttributeValue < ti.ValueTokenEndIndex) {
				currentAttributeValue++;
				cursorToken = attributeValueTokens [currentAttributeValue];
				return true;
			}
			else
				return false;
		}

		public int ReadBase64 (byte [] buffer, int offset, int length)
		{
			if (offset < 0)
				throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException ("offset", offset, "Offset must be non-negative integer.");
			else if (length < 0)
				throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException ("length", length, "Length must be non-negative integer.");
			else if (buffer.Length < offset + length)
				throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException ("buffer length is smaller than the sum of offset and length.");

			if (length == 0)	// It does not raise an error.
				return 0;

			int bufIndex = offset;
			int bufLast = offset + length;

			if (base64CacheStartsAt >= 0) {
				for (int i = base64CacheStartsAt; i < 3; i++) {
					buffer [bufIndex++] = base64Cache [base64CacheStartsAt++];
					if (bufIndex == bufLast)
						return bufLast - offset;
				}
			}

			for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++)
				base64Cache [i] = 0;
			base64CacheStartsAt = -1;

			int max = (int) System.Math.Ceiling (4.0 / 3 * length);
			int additional = max % 4;
			if (additional > 0)
				max += 4 - additional;
			char [] chars = new char [max];
			int charsLength = ReadChars (chars, 0, max);

			byte b = 0;
			byte work = 0;
			for (int i = 0; i < charsLength - 3; i += 4) {
				b = (byte) (GetBase64Byte (chars [i]) << 2);
				if (bufIndex < bufLast)
					buffer [bufIndex] = b;
				else {
					if (base64CacheStartsAt < 0)
						base64CacheStartsAt = 0;
					base64Cache [0] = b;
				}
				// charsLength mod 4 might not equals to 0.
				if (i + 1 == charsLength)
					break;
				b = GetBase64Byte (chars [i + 1]);
				work = (byte) (b >> 4);
				if (bufIndex < bufLast) {
					buffer [bufIndex] += work;
					bufIndex++;
				}
				else
					base64Cache [0] += work;

				work = (byte) ((b & 0xf) << 4);
				if (bufIndex < bufLast) {
					buffer [bufIndex] = work;
				}
				else {
					if (base64CacheStartsAt < 0)
						base64CacheStartsAt = 1;
					base64Cache [1] = work;
				}

				if (i + 2 == charsLength)
					break;
				b = GetBase64Byte (chars [i + 2]);
				work = (byte) (b >> 2);
				if (bufIndex < bufLast) {
					buffer [bufIndex] += work;
					bufIndex++;
				}
				else
					base64Cache [1] += work;

				work = (byte) ((b & 3) << 6);
				if (bufIndex < bufLast)
					buffer [bufIndex] = work;
				else {
					if (base64CacheStartsAt < 0)
						base64CacheStartsAt = 2;
					base64Cache [2] = work;
				}
				if (i + 3 == charsLength)
					break;
				work = GetBase64Byte (chars [i + 3]);
				if (bufIndex < bufLast) {
					buffer [bufIndex] += work;
					bufIndex++;
				}
				else
					base64Cache [2] += work;
			}
			return System.Math.Min (bufLast - offset, bufIndex - offset);
		}

		public int ReadBinHex (byte [] buffer, int offset, int length)
		{
			if (offset < 0)
				throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException ("offset", offset, "Offset must be non-negative integer.");
			else if (length < 0)
				throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException ("length", length, "Length must be non-negative integer.");
			else if (buffer.Length < offset + length)
				throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException ("buffer length is smaller than the sum of offset and length.");

			if (length == 0)
				return 0;

			char [] chars = new char [length * 2];
			int charsLength = ReadChars (chars, 0, length * 2);
			return XmlConvert.FromBinHexString (chars, offset, charsLength, buffer);
		}

		public int ReadChars (char [] buffer, int offset, int length)
		{
			return ReadCharsInternal (buffer, offset, length);
		}

#if NET_1_0
		public override string ReadInnerXml ()
		{
			return ReadInnerXmlInternal ();
		}

		public override string ReadOuterXml ()
		{
			return ReadOuterXmlInternal ();
		}

		public override string ReadString ()
		{
			return ReadStringInternal ();
		}
#endif

		public void ResetState ()
		{
			Init ();
		}

		public override void ResolveEntity ()
		{
			// XmlTextReader does not resolve entities.
			throw new InvalidOperationException ("XmlTextReader cannot resolve external entities.");
		}

#if NET_1_2
		[MonoTODO ("Implement for performance reason")]
		public override void Skip ()
		{
			base.Skip ();
		}
#endif
		#endregion

		#region Internals
		// Parsed DTD Objects
#if DTD_HANDLE_EVENTS
		internal event ValidationEventHandler ValidationEventHandler;
#endif

		internal DTDObjectModel DTD {
			get { return parserContext.Dtd; }
		}

		internal XmlResolver Resolver {
			get { return resolver; }
		}
		#endregion

		#region Privates
		internal class XmlTokenInfo
		{
			public XmlTokenInfo (XmlTextReader xtr, bool isPrimaryToken)
			{
				this.isPrimaryToken = isPrimaryToken;
				Reader = xtr;
				Clear ();
			}

			bool isPrimaryToken;
			string valueCache;

			protected XmlTextReader Reader;

			public string Name;
			public string LocalName;
			public string Prefix;
			public string NamespaceURI;
			public bool IsEmptyElement;
			public char QuoteChar;
			public int LineNumber;
			public int LinePosition;

			public XmlNodeType NodeType;

			public virtual string Value {
				get {
					if (valueCache != null)
						return valueCache;
					switch (NodeType) {
					case XmlNodeType.Text:
					case XmlNodeType.SignificantWhitespace:
					case XmlNodeType.Whitespace:
					case XmlNodeType.Comment:
					case XmlNodeType.CDATA:
					case XmlNodeType.ProcessingInstruction:
						valueCache = Reader.CreateValueString ();
						return valueCache;
					}
					return null;
				}
				set { valueCache = value; }
			}

			public virtual void Clear ()
			{
				valueCache = null;
				NodeType = XmlNodeType.None;
				Name = LocalName = Prefix = NamespaceURI = String.Empty;
				IsEmptyElement = false;
				QuoteChar = '"';
				LineNumber = LinePosition = 0;
			}

			internal virtual void FillNames ()
			{
				if (Reader.Namespaces) {
					int indexOfColon = -1;
					switch (NodeType) {
					case XmlNodeType.Attribute:
					case XmlNodeType.Element:
					case XmlNodeType.EndElement:
						indexOfColon = Name.IndexOf (':');
						break;
					}

					if (indexOfColon == -1) {
						Prefix = String.Empty;
						LocalName = Name;
					} else {
						// This improves speed by at least nearly 5%, but eats more memory at least nearly 0.3%
						// However, this might be reverted if NameTable is got improved.
						char [] nameArr = Name.ToCharArray ();
						Prefix = Reader.NameTable.Add (nameArr, 0, indexOfColon);
						LocalName = Reader.NameTable.Add (nameArr, indexOfColon + 1, nameArr.Length - indexOfColon - 1);
//						Prefix = Reader.NameTable.Add (Name.Substring (0, indexOfColon));
//						LocalName = Reader.NameTable.Add (Name.Substring (indexOfColon + 1));
					}

					// NamespaceURI
					switch (NodeType) {
					case XmlNodeType.Attribute:
						if (Prefix.Length == 0)
							NamespaceURI = string.Empty;
						else
							NamespaceURI = Reader.LookupNamespace (Prefix, true);
						break;

					case XmlNodeType.Element:
					case XmlNodeType.EndElement:
						NamespaceURI = Reader.LookupNamespace (Prefix, true);
						break;
					default:
						NamespaceURI = "";
						break;
					}
				} else {
					Prefix = String.Empty;
					LocalName = Name;
				}
			}
		}

		internal class XmlAttributeTokenInfo : XmlTokenInfo
		{
			public XmlAttributeTokenInfo (XmlTextReader reader)
				: base (reader, false)
			{
				NodeType = XmlNodeType.Attribute;
			}

			public int ValueTokenStartIndex;
			public int ValueTokenEndIndex;
			string valueCache;
			bool cachedNormalization;
			StringBuilder tmpBuilder = new StringBuilder ();

			public override string Value {
				get {
					if (cachedNormalization != Reader.Normalization)
						valueCache = null;
					if (valueCache != null)
						return valueCache;

					cachedNormalization = Reader.Normalization;

					// An empty value should return String.Empty.
					if (ValueTokenStartIndex == ValueTokenEndIndex) {
						XmlTokenInfo ti = Reader.attributeValueTokens [ValueTokenStartIndex];
						if (ti.NodeType == XmlNodeType.EntityReference)
							valueCache = String.Concat ("&", ti.Name, ";");
						else
							valueCache = ti.Value;
						if (cachedNormalization)
							NormalizeSpaces ();
						return valueCache;
					}

					tmpBuilder.Length = 0;
					for (int i = ValueTokenStartIndex; i <= ValueTokenEndIndex; i++) {
						XmlTokenInfo ti = Reader.attributeValueTokens [i];
						if (ti.NodeType == XmlNodeType.Text)
							tmpBuilder.Append (ti.Value);
						else {
							tmpBuilder.Append ('&');
							tmpBuilder.Append (ti.Name);
							tmpBuilder.Append (';');
						}
					}

					valueCache = tmpBuilder.ToString ();
					if (cachedNormalization)
						NormalizeSpaces ();
					return valueCache;
				}

				set { valueCache = value; }
			}

			public override void Clear ()
			{
				base.Clear ();
				valueCache = null;
				NodeType = XmlNodeType.Attribute;
				ValueTokenStartIndex = ValueTokenEndIndex = 0;
			}

			internal override void FillNames ()
			{
				base.FillNames ();
				if (Prefix == "xmlns" || Name == "xmlns")
					NamespaceURI = XmlNamespaceManager.XmlnsXmlns;
			}

			private void NormalizeSpaces ()
			{
				tmpBuilder.Length = 0;
				for (int i = 0; i < valueCache.Length; i++)
					switch (valueCache [i]) {
					case '\r':
						if (i + 1 < valueCache.Length && valueCache [i + 1] == '\n')
							i++;
						goto case '\n';
					case '\t':
					case '\n':
						tmpBuilder.Append (' ');
						break;
					default:
						tmpBuilder.Append (valueCache [i]);
						break;
					}
				valueCache = tmpBuilder.ToString ();
			}
		}

		private XmlTokenInfo cursorToken;
		private XmlTokenInfo currentToken;
		private XmlAttributeTokenInfo currentAttributeToken;
		private XmlTokenInfo currentAttributeValueToken;
		private XmlAttributeTokenInfo [] attributeTokens = new XmlAttributeTokenInfo [10];
		private XmlTokenInfo [] attributeValueTokens = new XmlTokenInfo [10];
		private int currentAttribute;
		private int currentAttributeValue;
		private int attributeCount;

		private XmlParserContext parserContext;

		private ReadState readState;

		private int depth;
		private int elementDepth;
		private bool depthUp;

		private bool popScope;

		private string [] elementNames;
		int elementNameStackPos;

		private bool allowMultipleRoot;

		private bool isStandalone;

		private bool returnEntityReference;
		private string entityReferenceName;

		private char [] nameBuffer;
		private int nameLength;
		private int nameCapacity;
		private const int initialNameCapacity = 32;

		private char [] valueBuffer;
		private int valueLength;
		private int valueCapacity;
		private const int initialValueCapacity = 256;

		private char [] currentTagBuffer;
		private int currentTagLength;
		private int currentTagCapacity;
		private const int initialCurrentTagCapacity = 256;

		private TextReader reader;
		private char [] peekChars;
		private int peekCharsIndex;
		private int peekCharsLength;
		private const int peekCharCapacity = 1024;

		private int line;
		private int column;

		private int currentLinkedNodeLineNumber;
		private int currentLinkedNodeLinePosition;
		private bool useProceedingLineInfo;

		private XmlNodeType startNodeType;
		// State machine attribute.
		//	XmlDeclaration: after the first node.
		//	DocumentType: after doctypedecl
		//	Element: inside document element
		//	EndElement: after document element
		private XmlNodeType currentState;

		// For ReadChars()/ReadBase64()/ReadBinHex()
		private bool shouldSkipUntilEndTag;
		private byte [] base64Cache = new byte [3];
		private int base64CacheStartsAt;

		// These values are never re-initialized.
		private bool namespaces = true;
		private WhitespaceHandling whitespaceHandling = WhitespaceHandling.All;
		private XmlResolver resolver = new XmlUrlResolver ();
		private bool normalization = false;

		private void Init ()
		{
			currentToken = new XmlTokenInfo (this, true);
			cursorToken = currentToken;
			currentAttribute = -1;
			currentAttributeValue = -1;
			attributeCount = 0;

			readState = ReadState.Initial;
			allowMultipleRoot = false;

			depth = 0;
			elementDepth = 0;
			depthUp = false;

			popScope = allowMultipleRoot = false;
			elementNames = new string [10];
			elementNameStackPos = 0;

			isStandalone = false;
			returnEntityReference = false;
			entityReferenceName = String.Empty;

			nameBuffer = new char [initialNameCapacity];
			nameLength = 0;
			nameCapacity = initialNameCapacity;

			valueBuffer = new char [initialValueCapacity];
			valueLength = 0;
			valueCapacity = initialValueCapacity;

			currentTagBuffer = new char [initialCurrentTagCapacity];
			currentTagLength = 0;
			currentTagCapacity = initialCurrentTagCapacity;

			peekCharsIndex = 0;
			peekCharsLength = 0;
			if (peekChars == null)
				peekChars = new char [peekCharCapacity];

			line = 1;
			column = 0;
			currentTagLength = 0;

			currentLinkedNodeLineNumber = currentLinkedNodeLinePosition = 0;
			useProceedingLineInfo = false;

			currentState = XmlNodeType.None;

			shouldSkipUntilEndTag = false;
			base64CacheStartsAt = -1;
		}

		private void InitializeContext (string url, XmlParserContext context, TextReader fragment, XmlNodeType fragType)
		{
			startNodeType = fragType;
			parserContext = context;
			if (context == null) {
				XmlNameTable nt = new NameTable ();
				parserContext = new XmlParserContext (nt,
					new XmlNamespaceManager (nt),
					String.Empty,
					XmlSpace.None);
			}

			if (url != null && url.Length > 0) {
				Uri uri = null;
				try {
					uri = new Uri (url);
				} catch (Exception) {
					string path = Path.GetFullPath ("./a");
					uri = new Uri (new Uri (path), url);
				}
				parserContext.BaseURI = uri.ToString ();
			}

			Init ();

			switch (fragType) {
			case XmlNodeType.Attribute:
				fragment = new StringReader (fragment.ReadToEnd ().Replace ("\"", "&quot;"));
				break;
			case XmlNodeType.Element:
				currentState = XmlNodeType.Element;
				allowMultipleRoot = true;
				break;
			case XmlNodeType.Document:
				break;
			default:
				throw new XmlException (String.Format ("NodeType {0} is not allowed to create XmlTextReader.", fragType));
			}

			reader = fragment;
		}

		// Use this method rather than setting the properties
		// directly so that all the necessary properties can
		// be changed in harmony with each other. Maybe the
		// fields should be in a seperate class to help enforce
		// this.
		private void SetProperties (
			XmlNodeType nodeType,
			string name,
			bool isEmptyElement,
			string value,
			bool clearAttributes)
		{
			SetProperties (currentToken, nodeType, name, isEmptyElement, value, clearAttributes);
			currentToken.LineNumber = this.currentLinkedNodeLineNumber;
			currentToken.LinePosition = this.currentLinkedNodeLinePosition;
		}

		private void SetProperties (
			XmlTokenInfo token,
			XmlNodeType nodeType,
			string name,
			bool isEmptyElement,
			string value,
			bool clearAttributes)
		{
			token.Clear ();
			token.NodeType = nodeType;
			token.Name = name;
			token.IsEmptyElement = isEmptyElement;
			token.Value = value;
			this.elementDepth = depth;

			if (clearAttributes)
				ClearAttributes ();

			token.FillNames ();
		}

		private void ClearAttributes ()
		{
			for (int i = 0; i < attributeCount; i++)
				attributeTokens [i].Clear ();
			attributeCount = 0;
			currentAttribute = -1;
			currentAttributeValue = -1;
		}

		private int PeekChar ()
		{
			if (peekCharsLength == peekCharsIndex) {
				if (!ReadTextReader ())
					return -1;
				return PeekChar ();
			}
			else
				return peekChars [peekCharsIndex];
		}

		private int ReadChar ()
		{
			int ch;

			if (peekCharsLength == peekCharsIndex) {
				if (!ReadTextReader ())
					return -1;
				return ReadChar ();
			}
			ch = peekChars [peekCharsIndex++];

			if (ch == '\n') {
				line++;
				column = 1;
			} else {
				column++;
			}
			if (currentState != XmlNodeType.Element)
				AppendCurrentTagChar (ch);
			return ch;
		}

		private bool ReadTextReader ()
		{
			peekCharsIndex = 0;
			peekCharsLength = reader.Read (peekChars, 0, peekCharCapacity);
			if (peekCharsLength == 0)
				return false;
			return true;
		}

		private string ExpandSurrogateChar (int ch)
		{
			if (ch < Char.MaxValue)
				return ((char) ch).ToString ();
			else {
				char [] tmp = new char [] {(char) (ch / 0x10000 + 0xD800 - 1), (char) (ch % 0x10000 + 0xDC00)};
				return new string (tmp);
			}
		}

		// This should really keep track of some state so
		// that it's not possible to have more than one document
		// element or text outside of the document element.
		private bool ReadContent ()
		{
			currentTagLength = 0;
			if (popScope) {
				parserContext.NamespaceManager.PopScope ();
				popScope = false;
			}

			if (returnEntityReference)
				SetEntityReferenceProperties ();
			else {
    				switch (PeekChar ()) {
				case '<':
					ReadChar ();
					ReadTag ();
					break;
				case '\r': goto case ' ';
				case '\n': goto case ' ';
				case '\t': goto case ' ';
				case ' ':
					if (whitespaceHandling == WhitespaceHandling.All ||
						whitespaceHandling == WhitespaceHandling.Significant)
						ReadWhitespace ();
					else {
						SkipWhitespace ();
						return ReadContent ();
					}
					break;
				case -1:
					readState = ReadState.EndOfFile;
					ClearValueBuffer ();
					SetProperties (
						XmlNodeType.None, // nodeType
						String.Empty, // name
						false, // isEmptyElement
						null, // value
						true // clearAttributes
					);
					if (depth > 0)
						throw new XmlException ("unexpected end of file. Current depth is " + depth);

					return false;
				default:
					ReadText (true);
					break;
				}
			}
			return this.ReadState != ReadState.EndOfFile;
		}

		private void SetEntityReferenceProperties ()
		{
			DTDEntityDeclaration decl = DTD != null ? DTD.EntityDecls [entityReferenceName] : null;
			if (this.isStandalone)
				if (DTD == null || decl == null || !decl.IsInternalSubset)
					throw new XmlException (this as IXmlLineInfo,
						"Standalone document must not contain any references to an non-internally declared entity.");
			if (decl != null && decl.NotationName != null)
				throw new XmlException (this as IXmlLineInfo,
					"Reference to any unparsed entities is not allowed here.");

			ClearValueBuffer ();
			SetProperties (
				XmlNodeType.EntityReference, // nodeType
				entityReferenceName, // name
				false, // isEmptyElement
				null, // value
				true // clearAttributes
			);

			returnEntityReference = false;
			entityReferenceName = String.Empty;
		}

		// The leading '<' has already been consumed.
		private void ReadTag ()
		{
			switch (PeekChar ())
			{
			case '/':
				ReadChar ();
				ReadEndTag ();
				break;
			case '?':
				ReadChar ();
				ReadProcessingInstruction ();
				break;
			case '!':
				ReadChar ();
				ReadDeclaration ();
				break;
			default:
				ReadStartTag ();
				break;
			}
		}

		// The leading '<' has already been consumed.
		private void ReadStartTag ()
		{
			if (currentState == XmlNodeType.EndElement)
				throw new XmlException (this as IXmlLineInfo,
					"Element cannot appear in this state.");
			currentState = XmlNodeType.Element;

			parserContext.NamespaceManager.PushScope ();

			string name = ReadName ();
			if (currentState == XmlNodeType.EndElement)
				throw new XmlException (this as IXmlLineInfo,"document has terminated, cannot open new element");

			bool isEmptyElement = false;

			ClearAttributes ();

			SkipWhitespace ();
			if (XmlChar.IsFirstNameChar (PeekChar ()))
				ReadAttributes (false);
			cursorToken = this.currentToken;

			// fill namespaces
			for (int i = 0; i < attributeCount; i++)
				attributeTokens [i].FillNames ();

			// quick name check
			for (int i = 0; i < attributeCount; i++)
				for (int j = i + 1; j < attributeCount; j++)
					if (Object.ReferenceEquals (attributeTokens [i].Name, attributeTokens [j].Name) ||
						(Object.ReferenceEquals (attributeTokens [i].LocalName, attributeTokens [j].LocalName) &&
						Object.ReferenceEquals (attributeTokens [i].NamespaceURI, attributeTokens [j].NamespaceURI)))
						throw new XmlException (this as IXmlLineInfo,
							"Attribute name and qualified name must be identical.");

			string baseUri = GetAttribute ("xml:base");
			if (baseUri != null) {
				if (this.resolver != null)
					parserContext.BaseURI = resolver.ResolveUri (new Uri (BaseURI), baseUri).ToString ();
				else
					parserContext.BaseURI = baseUri;
			}
			string xmlLang = GetAttribute ("xml:lang");
			if (xmlLang != null)
				parserContext.XmlLang = xmlLang;
			string xmlSpaceAttr = GetAttribute ("xml:space");
			if (xmlSpaceAttr != null) {
				if (xmlSpaceAttr == "preserve")
					parserContext.XmlSpace = XmlSpace.Preserve;
				else if (xmlSpaceAttr == "default")
					parserContext.XmlSpace = XmlSpace.Default;
				else
					throw new XmlException (this as IXmlLineInfo,String.Format ("Invalid xml:space value: {0}", xmlSpaceAttr));
			}
			if (PeekChar () == '/') {
				ReadChar ();
				isEmptyElement = true;
				popScope = true;
			}
			else {
				depthUp = true;
				PushElementName (name);
				parserContext.PushScope ();
			}

			Expect ('>');
			SetProperties (
				XmlNodeType.Element, // nodeType
				name, // name
				isEmptyElement, // isEmptyElement
				null, // value
				false // clearAttributes
			);
		}

		private void PushElementName (string name)
		{
			if (elementNames.Length == elementNameStackPos) {
				string [] newArray = new string [elementNames.Length * 2];
				Array.Copy (elementNames, 0, newArray, 0, elementNameStackPos);
				elementNames = newArray;
			}
			elementNames [elementNameStackPos++] = name;
		}

		// The reader is positioned on the first character
		// of the element's name.
		private void ReadEndTag ()
		{
			if (currentState != XmlNodeType.Element)
				throw new XmlException (this as IXmlLineInfo,
					"End tag cannot appear in this state.");

			string name = ReadName ();
			if (elementNameStackPos == 0)
				throw new XmlException (this as IXmlLineInfo,"closing element without matching opening element");
			string expected = elementNames [--elementNameStackPos];
			if (expected != name)
				throw new XmlException (this as IXmlLineInfo,String.Format ("unmatched closing element: expected {0} but found {1}", expected, name));
			parserContext.PopScope ();

			ExpectAfterWhitespace ('>');

			--depth;

			SetProperties (
				XmlNodeType.EndElement, // nodeType
				name, // name
				false, // isEmptyElement
				null, // value
				true // clearAttributes
			);

			popScope = true;
		}

		private void AppendNameChar (int ch)
		{
			if (nameLength == nameCapacity)
				ExpandNameCapacity ();
			if (ch < Char.MaxValue)
				nameBuffer [nameLength++] = (char) ch;
			else {
				nameBuffer [nameLength++] = (char) (ch / 0x10000 + 0xD800 - 1);
				if (nameLength == nameCapacity)
					ExpandNameCapacity ();
				nameBuffer [nameLength++] = (char) (ch % 0x10000 + 0xDC00);
			}
		}

		private void ExpandNameCapacity ()
		{
			nameCapacity = nameCapacity * 2;
			char [] oldNameBuffer = nameBuffer;
			nameBuffer = new char [nameCapacity];
			Array.Copy (oldNameBuffer, nameBuffer, nameLength);
		}

		private string CreateNameString ()
		{
			return parserContext.NameTable.Add (nameBuffer, 0, nameLength);
		}

		private void AppendValueChar (int ch)
		{
			if (valueLength == valueCapacity)
				ExpandValueCapacity ();
			if (ch < Char.MaxValue)
				valueBuffer [valueLength++] = (char) ch;
			else {
				valueBuffer [valueLength++] = (char) (ch / 0x10000 + 0xD800 - 1);
				if (valueLength == valueCapacity)
					ExpandValueCapacity ();
				valueBuffer [valueLength++] = (char) (ch % 0x10000 + 0xDC00);
			}
		}

		private void ExpandValueCapacity ()
		{
			valueCapacity = valueCapacity * 2;
			char [] oldValueBuffer = valueBuffer;
			valueBuffer = new char [valueCapacity];
			Array.Copy (oldValueBuffer, valueBuffer, valueLength);
		}

		private string CreateValueString ()
		{
			return new string (valueBuffer, 0, valueLength);
		}

		private void ClearValueBuffer ()
		{
			valueLength = 0;
		}

		private void AppendCurrentTagChar (int ch)
		{
			if (currentTagLength == currentTagCapacity)
				ExpandCurrentTagCapacity ();
			if (ch < Char.MaxValue)
				currentTagBuffer [currentTagLength++] = (char) ch;
			else {
				currentTagBuffer [currentTagLength++] = (char) (ch / 0x10000 + 0xD800 - 1);
				if (currentTagLength == currentTagCapacity)
					ExpandCurrentTagCapacity ();
				currentTagBuffer [currentTagLength++] = (char) (ch % 0x10000 + 0xDC00);
			}
		}

		private void ExpandCurrentTagCapacity ()
		{
			currentTagCapacity = currentTagCapacity * 2;
			char [] oldCurrentTagBuffer = currentTagBuffer;
			currentTagBuffer = new char [currentTagCapacity];
			Array.Copy (oldCurrentTagBuffer, currentTagBuffer, currentTagLength);
		}

		private string CreateCurrentTagString ()
		{
			return new string (currentTagBuffer, 0, currentTagLength);
		}

		private void ClearCurrentTagBuffer ()
		{
			currentTagLength = 0;
		}

		// The reader is positioned on the first character
		// of the text.
		private void ReadText (bool notWhitespace)
		{
			if (currentState != XmlNodeType.Element)
				throw new XmlException (this as IXmlLineInfo,
					"Text node cannot appear in this state.");

			if (notWhitespace)
				ClearValueBuffer ();

			int ch = PeekChar ();
			bool previousWasCloseBracket = false;

			while (ch != '<' && ch != -1) {
				if (ch == '&') {
					ReadChar ();
					ch = ReadReference (false);
					if (returnEntityReference) // Returns -1 if char validation should not be done
						break;
				}
				else
					ch = ReadChar ();

				if (normalization && XmlChar.IsInvalid (ch))
					throw new XmlException (this, "Not allowed character was found.");
				AppendValueChar (ch);

				// Block "]]>"
				if (ch == ']') {
					if (previousWasCloseBracket)
						if (PeekChar () == '>')
							throw new XmlException (this as IXmlLineInfo,
								"Inside text content, character sequence ']]>' is not allowed.");
					previousWasCloseBracket = true;
				}
				else if (previousWasCloseBracket)
					previousWasCloseBracket = false;
				ch = PeekChar ();
				notWhitespace = true;
			}

			if (returnEntityReference && valueLength == 0) {
				SetEntityReferenceProperties ();
			} else {
				XmlNodeType nodeType = notWhitespace ? XmlNodeType.Text :
					this.XmlSpace == XmlSpace.Preserve ? XmlNodeType.SignificantWhitespace : XmlNodeType.Whitespace;
				SetProperties (
					nodeType, // nodeType
					String.Empty, // name
					false, // isEmptyElement
					null, // value: create only when required
					true // clearAttributes
				);
			}
		}

		// The leading '&' has already been consumed.
		// Returns true if the entity reference isn't a simple
		// character reference or one of the predefined entities.
		// This allows the ReadText method to break so that the
		// next call to Read will return the EntityReference node.
		private int ReadReference (bool ignoreEntityReferences)
		{
			if (PeekChar () == '#') {
				ReadChar ();
				return ReadCharacterReference ();
			} else
				return ReadEntityReference (ignoreEntityReferences);
		}

		private int ReadCharacterReference ()
		{
			int value = 0;

			if (PeekChar () == 'x') {
				ReadChar ();

				while (PeekChar () != ';' && PeekChar () != -1) {
					int ch = ReadChar ();

					if (ch >= '0' && ch <= '9')
						value = (value << 4) + ch - '0';
					else if (ch >= 'A' && ch <= 'F')
						value = (value << 4) + ch - 'A' + 10;
					else if (ch >= 'a' && ch <= 'f')
						value = (value << 4) + ch - 'a' + 10;
					else
						throw new XmlException (this as IXmlLineInfo,
							String.Format (
								"invalid hexadecimal digit: {0} (#x{1:X})",
								(char) ch,
								ch));
				}
			} else {
				while (PeekChar () != ';' && PeekChar () != -1) {
					int ch = ReadChar ();

					if (ch >= '0' && ch <= '9')
						value = value * 10 + ch - '0';
					else
						throw new XmlException (this as IXmlLineInfo,
							String.Format (
								"invalid decimal digit: {0} (#x{1:X})",
								(char) ch,
								ch));
				}
			}

			ReadChar (); // ';'

			// There is no way to save surrogate pairs...
			if (normalization && XmlChar.IsInvalid (value))
				throw new XmlException (this as IXmlLineInfo,
					"Referenced character was not allowed in XML.");
			return value;
		}

		// Returns -1 if it should not be validated.
		// Real EOF must not be detected here.
		private int ReadEntityReference (bool ignoreEntityReferences)
		{
			string name = ReadName ();
			Expect (';');

			int predefined = XmlChar.GetPredefinedEntity (name);
			if (predefined >= 0)
				return predefined;
			else {
				if (ignoreEntityReferences) {
					AppendValueChar ('&');
					for (int i = 0; i < name.Length; i++)
						AppendValueChar (name [i]);
					AppendValueChar (';');
				} else {
					returnEntityReference = true;
					entityReferenceName = name;
				}
			}
			return -1;
		}

		// The reader is positioned on the first character of
		// the attribute name.
		private void ReadAttributes (bool isXmlDecl)
		{
			int peekChar = -1;
			bool requireWhitespace = false;
			currentAttribute = -1;
			currentAttributeValue = -1;

			do {
				if (!SkipWhitespace () && requireWhitespace)
					throw new XmlException ("Unexpected token. Name is required here.");

				IncrementAttributeToken ();
				currentAttributeToken.LineNumber = line;
				currentAttributeToken.LinePosition = column;

				currentAttributeToken.LocalName = 
					currentAttributeToken.Name = ReadName ();
				ExpectAfterWhitespace ('=');
				SkipWhitespace ();
				ReadAttributeValueTokens (-1);
				attributeCount++;

				if (currentAttributeToken.Name == "xmlns")
					parserContext.NamespaceManager.AddNamespace (String.Empty, GetAttribute (currentAttribute));
				else if (currentAttributeToken.Name.StartsWith ("xmlns:")) {
					string nsPrefix = currentAttributeToken.Name.Substring (6);
					parserContext.NamespaceManager.AddNamespace (nsPrefix, GetAttribute (currentAttribute));
				}

				if (!SkipWhitespace ())
					requireWhitespace = true;
				peekChar = PeekChar ();
				if (isXmlDecl) {
					if (peekChar == '?')
						break;
				}
				else if (peekChar == '/' || peekChar == '>')
					break;
			} while (peekChar != -1);

			currentAttribute = -1;
			currentAttributeValue = -1;
		}

		private void AddAttribute (string name, string value)
		{
			IncrementAttributeToken ();
			XmlAttributeTokenInfo ati = attributeTokens [currentAttribute];
			ati.Name = "SYSTEM";
			ati.FillNames ();
			IncrementAttributeValueToken ();
			XmlTokenInfo vti = attributeValueTokens [currentAttributeValue];
			vti.Value = value;
			SetProperties (vti, XmlNodeType.Text, String.Empty, false, value, false);
			attributeCount++;
		}

		private void IncrementAttributeToken ()
		{
			currentAttribute++;
			if (attributeTokens.Length == currentAttribute) {
				XmlAttributeTokenInfo [] newArray = 
					new XmlAttributeTokenInfo [attributeTokens.Length * 2];
				attributeTokens.CopyTo (newArray, 0);
				attributeTokens = newArray;
			}
			if (attributeTokens [currentAttribute] == null)
				attributeTokens [currentAttribute] = new XmlAttributeTokenInfo (this);
			currentAttributeToken = attributeTokens [currentAttribute];
			currentAttributeToken.Clear ();
		}

		private void IncrementAttributeValueToken ()
		{
			ClearValueBuffer ();
			currentAttributeValue++;
			if (attributeValueTokens.Length == currentAttributeValue) {
				XmlTokenInfo [] newArray = new XmlTokenInfo [attributeValueTokens.Length * 2];
				attributeValueTokens.CopyTo (newArray, 0);
				attributeValueTokens = newArray;
			}
			if (attributeValueTokens [currentAttributeValue] == null)
				attributeValueTokens [currentAttributeValue] = new XmlTokenInfo (this, false);
			currentAttributeValueToken = attributeValueTokens [currentAttributeValue];
			currentAttributeValueToken.Clear ();
		}

		// FIXME: normalize here
		private void ReadAttributeValueTokens (int dummyQuoteChar)
		{
			int quoteChar = (dummyQuoteChar < 0) ? ReadChar () : dummyQuoteChar;

			if (quoteChar != '\'' && quoteChar != '\"')
				throw new XmlException (this as IXmlLineInfo,"an attribute value was not quoted");
			currentAttributeToken.QuoteChar = (char) quoteChar;

			IncrementAttributeValueToken ();
			currentAttributeToken.ValueTokenStartIndex = currentAttributeValue;
			currentAttributeValueToken.LineNumber = line;
			currentAttributeValueToken.LinePosition = column;

			bool incrementToken = false;
			bool isNewToken = true;
			bool loop = true;
			int ch = 0;
			while (loop) {
				ch = ReadChar ();
				if (ch == quoteChar)
					break;

				if (incrementToken) {
					IncrementAttributeValueToken ();
					currentAttributeValueToken.LineNumber = line;
					currentAttributeValueToken.LinePosition = column;
					incrementToken = false;
					isNewToken = true;
				}

				switch (ch)
				{
				case '<':
					throw new XmlException (this as IXmlLineInfo,"attribute values cannot contain '<'");
				case -1:
					if (dummyQuoteChar < 0)
						throw new XmlException (this as IXmlLineInfo,"unexpected end of file in an attribute value");
					else	// Attribute value constructor.
						loop = false;
					break;
				case '&':
					int startPosition = currentTagLength - 1;
					if (PeekChar () == '#') {
						ReadChar ();
						ch = ReadCharacterReference ();
						if (normalization && XmlChar.IsInvalid (ch))
							throw new XmlException (this as IXmlLineInfo,
								"Not allowed character was found.");
						AppendValueChar (ch);
						break;
					}
					// Check XML 1.0 section 3.1 WFC.
					string entName = ReadName ();
					Expect (';');
					int predefined = XmlChar.GetPredefinedEntity (entName);
					if (predefined < 0) {
						CheckAttributeEntityReferenceWFC (entName);
						currentAttributeValueToken.Value = CreateValueString ();
						currentAttributeValueToken.NodeType = XmlNodeType.Text;
						if (!isNewToken)
							IncrementAttributeValueToken ();
						currentAttributeValueToken.Name = entName;
						currentAttributeValueToken.Value = String.Empty;
						currentAttributeValueToken.NodeType = XmlNodeType.EntityReference;
						incrementToken = true;
					}
					else
						AppendValueChar (predefined);
					break;
				default:
					if (normalization && XmlChar.IsInvalid (ch))
						throw new XmlException (this, "Invalid character was found.");
					AppendValueChar (ch);
					break;
				}

				isNewToken = false;
			}
			if (!incrementToken) {
				currentAttributeValueToken.Value = CreateValueString ();
				currentAttributeValueToken.NodeType = XmlNodeType.Text;
			}
			currentAttributeToken.ValueTokenEndIndex = currentAttributeValue;

		}

		private void CheckAttributeEntityReferenceWFC (string entName)
		{
			DTDEntityDeclaration entDecl = 
				DTD == null ? null : DTD.EntityDecls [entName];
			if (DTD != null && resolver != null && entDecl == null)
				throw new XmlException (this, "Referenced entity does not exist.");

			if (entDecl == null)
				return;

			if (entDecl.HasExternalReference)
				throw new XmlException (this, "Reference to external entities is not allowed in the value of an attribute.");
			if (isStandalone && !entDecl.IsInternalSubset)
				throw new XmlException (this, "Reference to external entities is not allowed in the internal subset.");
			if (entDecl.EntityValue.IndexOf ('<') >= 0)
				throw new XmlException (this, "Attribute must not contain character '<' either directly or indirectly by way of entity references.");
		}

		// The reader is positioned on the first character
		// of the target.
		//
		// It may be xml declaration or processing instruction.
		private void ReadProcessingInstruction ()
		{
			string target = ReadName ();
			if (target == "xml") {
				ReadXmlDeclaration ();
				return;
			} else if (target.ToLower () == "xml")
				throw new XmlException (this as IXmlLineInfo,
					"Not allowed processing instruction name which starts with 'X', 'M', 'L' was found.");

			if (currentState == XmlNodeType.None)
				currentState = XmlNodeType.XmlDeclaration;

			if (!SkipWhitespace ())
				if (PeekChar () != '?')
					throw new XmlException (this as IXmlLineInfo,
						"Invalid processing instruction name was found.");

			ClearValueBuffer ();

			while (PeekChar () != -1) {
				int ch = ReadChar ();

				if (ch == '?' && PeekChar () == '>') {
					ReadChar ();
					break;
				}

				if (normalization && XmlChar.IsInvalid (ch))
					throw new XmlException (this, "Invalid character was found.");
				AppendValueChar (ch);
			}

			SetProperties (
				XmlNodeType.ProcessingInstruction, // nodeType
				target, // name
				false, // isEmptyElement
				null, // value: create only when required
				true // clearAttributes
			);
		}

		// The reader is positioned after "<?xml "
		private void ReadXmlDeclaration ()
		{
			if (currentState != XmlNodeType.None) {
				throw new XmlException (this as IXmlLineInfo,
					"XML declaration cannot appear in this state.");
			}
			currentState = XmlNodeType.XmlDeclaration;

			ClearAttributes ();

			ReadAttributes (true);	// They must have "version."
			string version = GetAttribute ("version");

			string message = null;

			if (attributeTokens [0].Name != "version" || version != "1.0")
				message = "Version 1.0 declaration is required in XML Declaration.";
			else if (attributeCount > 1 &&
					(attributeTokens [1].Name != "encoding" &&
					attributeTokens [1].Name != "standalone"))
				message = "Invalid Xml Declaration markup was found.";
			else if (attributeCount > 2 && attributeTokens [2].Name != "standalone")
				message = "Invalid Xml Declaration markup was found.";
			string sa = GetAttribute ("standalone");
			if (sa != null && sa != "yes" && sa != "no")
				message = "Only 'yes' or 'no' is allowed for standalone.";

			this.isStandalone = (sa == "yes");

			if (message != null)
				throw new XmlException (this as IXmlLineInfo, message);

			SetProperties (
				XmlNodeType.XmlDeclaration, // nodeType
				"xml", // name
				false, // isEmptyElement
				new string (currentTagBuffer, 6, currentTagLength - 6), // value
				false // clearAttributes
			);

			Expect ("?>");
		}

		internal void SkipTextDeclaration ()
		{
			this.currentState = XmlNodeType.Element;

			if (PeekChar () != '<')
				return;

			ReadChar ();

			if (PeekChar () != '?') {
				peekCharsIndex = 0;
				return;
			}
			ReadChar ();

			while (peekCharsIndex < 6) {
				if (PeekChar () < 0)
					break;
				else
					ReadChar ();
			}
			if (new string (peekChars, 2, 4) != "xml ") {
				if (new string (peekChars, 2, 3).ToLower () == "xml") {
					throw new XmlException (this as IXmlLineInfo,
						"Processing instruction name must not be character sequence 'X' 'M' 'L' with case insensitivity.");
				}
				peekCharsIndex = 0;
				return;
			}

			SkipWhitespace ();

			// version decl
			if (PeekChar () == 'v') {
				Expect ("version");
				ExpectAfterWhitespace ('=');
				SkipWhitespace ();
				int quoteChar = ReadChar ();
				char [] expect1_0 = new char [3];
				int versionLength = 0;
				switch (quoteChar) {
				case '\'':
				case '"':
					while (PeekChar () != quoteChar) {
						if (PeekChar () == -1)
							throw new XmlException (this as IXmlLineInfo,
								"Invalid version declaration inside text declaration.");
						else if (versionLength == 3)
							throw new XmlException (this as IXmlLineInfo,
								"Invalid version number inside text declaration.");
						else {
							expect1_0 [versionLength] = (char) ReadChar ();
							versionLength++;
							if (versionLength == 3 && new String (expect1_0) != "1.0")
								throw new XmlException (this as IXmlLineInfo,
									"Invalid version number inside text declaration.");
						}
					}
					ReadChar ();
					SkipWhitespace ();
					break;
				default:
					throw new XmlException (this as IXmlLineInfo,
						"Invalid version declaration inside text declaration.");
				}
			}

			if (PeekChar () == 'e') {
				Expect ("encoding");
				ExpectAfterWhitespace ('=');
				SkipWhitespace ();
				int quoteChar = ReadChar ();
				switch (quoteChar) {
				case '\'':
				case '"':
					while (PeekChar () != quoteChar)
						if (ReadChar () == -1)
							throw new XmlException (this as IXmlLineInfo,
								"Invalid encoding declaration inside text declaration.");
					ReadChar ();
					SkipWhitespace ();
					break;
				default:
					throw new XmlException (this as IXmlLineInfo,
						"Invalid encoding declaration inside text declaration.");
				}
				// Encoding value should be checked inside XmlInputStream.
			}
			else
				throw new XmlException (this as IXmlLineInfo,
					"Encoding declaration is mandatory in text declaration.");

			Expect ("?>");
		}

		// The reader is positioned on the first character after
		// the leading '<!'.
		private void ReadDeclaration ()
		{
			int ch = PeekChar ();

			switch (ch)
			{
			case '-':
				Expect ("--");
				ReadComment ();
				break;
			case '[':
				ReadChar ();
				Expect ("CDATA[");
				ReadCDATA ();
				break;
			case 'D':
				Expect ("DOCTYPE");
				ReadDoctypeDecl ();
				break;
			default:
				throw new XmlException (this as IXmlLineInfo,
					"Unexpected declaration markup was found.");
			}
		}

		// The reader is positioned on the first character after
		// the leading '<!--'.
		private void ReadComment ()
		{
			if (currentState == XmlNodeType.None)
				currentState = XmlNodeType.XmlDeclaration;

			ClearValueBuffer ();

			while (PeekChar () != -1) {
				int ch = ReadChar ();

				if (ch == '-' && PeekChar () == '-') {
					ReadChar ();

					if (PeekChar () != '>')
						throw new XmlException (this as IXmlLineInfo,"comments cannot contain '--'");

					ReadChar ();
					break;
				}

				if (XmlChar.IsInvalid (ch))
					throw new XmlException (this as IXmlLineInfo,
						"Not allowed character was found.");

				AppendValueChar (ch);
			}

			SetProperties (
				XmlNodeType.Comment, // nodeType
				String.Empty, // name
				false, // isEmptyElement
				null, // value: create only when required
				true // clearAttributes
			);
		}

		// The reader is positioned on the first character after
		// the leading '<![CDATA['.
		private void ReadCDATA ()
		{
			if (currentState != XmlNodeType.Element)
				throw new XmlException (this as IXmlLineInfo,
					"CDATA section cannot appear in this state.");

			ClearValueBuffer ();

			bool skip = false;
			int ch = 0;
			while (PeekChar () != -1) {
				if (!skip)
					ch = ReadChar ();
				skip = false;

				if (ch == ']' && PeekChar () == ']') {
					ch = ReadChar (); // ']'

					if (PeekChar () == '>') {
						ReadChar (); // '>'
						break;
					} else {
						skip = true;
					}
				}
				if (normalization && XmlChar.IsInvalid (ch))
					throw new XmlException (this, "Invalid character was found.");

				AppendValueChar (ch);
			}

			SetProperties (
				XmlNodeType.CDATA, // nodeType
				String.Empty, // name
				false, // isEmptyElement
				null, // value: create only when required
				true // clearAttributes
			);
		}

		// The reader is positioned on the first character after
		// the leading '<!DOCTYPE'.
		private void ReadDoctypeDecl ()
		{
			switch (currentState) {
			case XmlNodeType.DocumentType:
			case XmlNodeType.Element:
			case XmlNodeType.EndElement:
				throw new XmlException (this as IXmlLineInfo,
					"Document type cannot appear in this state.");
			}
			currentState = XmlNodeType.DocumentType;

			string doctypeName = null;
			string publicId = null;
			string systemId = null;
			int intSubsetStartLine = 0;
			int intSubsetStartColumn = 0;

			SkipWhitespace ();
			doctypeName = ReadName ();
			SkipWhitespace ();
			switch(PeekChar ())
			{
			case 'S':
				systemId = ReadSystemLiteral (true);
				break;
			case 'P':
				publicId = ReadPubidLiteral ();
				if (!SkipWhitespace ())
					throw new XmlException (this as IXmlLineInfo,
						"Whitespace is required between PUBLIC id and SYSTEM id.");
				systemId = ReadSystemLiteral (false);
				break;
			}
			SkipWhitespace ();


			if(PeekChar () == '[')
			{
				// read markupdecl etc. or end of decl
				ReadChar ();
				intSubsetStartLine = this.LineNumber;
				intSubsetStartColumn = this.LinePosition;
				int startPos = currentTagLength;
				ReadInternalSubset ();
				int endPos = currentTagLength - 1;
				parserContext.InternalSubset = new string (currentTagBuffer, startPos, endPos - startPos);
			}
			// end of DOCTYPE decl.
			ExpectAfterWhitespace ('>');

			GenerateDTDObjectModel (doctypeName, publicId,
				systemId, parserContext.InternalSubset,
				intSubsetStartLine, intSubsetStartColumn);

			// set properties for <!DOCTYPE> node
			SetProperties (
				XmlNodeType.DocumentType, // nodeType
				doctypeName, // name
				false, // isEmptyElement
				parserContext.InternalSubset, // value
				true // clearAttributes
				);

			if (publicId != null)
				AddAttribute ("PUBLIC", publicId);
			if (systemId != null)
				AddAttribute ("SYSTEM", systemId);
			currentAttribute = currentAttributeValue = -1;
		}

		internal DTDObjectModel GenerateDTDObjectModel (string name, string publicId,
			string systemId, string internalSubset)
		{
			return GenerateDTDObjectModel (name, publicId, systemId, internalSubset, 0, 0);
		}

		internal DTDObjectModel GenerateDTDObjectModel (string name, string publicId,
			string systemId, string internalSubset, int intSubsetStartLine, int intSubsetStartColumn)
		{
			// now compile DTD
			parserContext.Dtd = new DTDObjectModel (this.NameTable);	// merges both internal and external subsets in the meantime,
			DTD.BaseURI = BaseURI;
			DTD.Name = name;
			DTD.PublicId = publicId;
			DTD.SystemId = systemId;
			DTD.InternalSubset = internalSubset;
			DTD.XmlResolver = resolver;
			DTD.IsStandalone = isStandalone;
			DTD.LineNumber = line;
			DTD.LinePosition = column;

			DTDReader dr = new DTDReader (DTD, intSubsetStartLine, intSubsetStartColumn);
			dr.Normalization = this.normalization;
#if DTD_HANDLE_EVENTS
			dr.ValidationEventHandler += new ValidationEventHandler (OnValidationEvent);
#endif
			return dr.GenerateDTDObjectModel ();
		}

		private void OnValidationEvent (object o, ValidationEventArgs e)
		{
#if DTD_HANDLE_EVENTS
			if (ValidationEventHandler != null)
				// Override object as this.
				ValidationEventHandler (this, e);
#endif
		}

		private enum DtdInputState
		{
			Free = 1,
			ElementDecl,
			AttlistDecl,
			EntityDecl,
			NotationDecl,
			PI,
			Comment,
			InsideSingleQuoted,
			InsideDoubleQuoted,
		}

		private class DtdInputStateStack
		{
			Stack intern = new Stack ();
			public DtdInputStateStack ()
			{
				Push (DtdInputState.Free);
			}

			public DtdInputState Peek ()
			{
				return (DtdInputState) intern.Peek ();
			}

			public DtdInputState Pop ()
			{
				return (DtdInputState) intern.Pop ();
			}

			public void Push (DtdInputState val)
			{
				intern.Push (val);
			}
		}


		DtdInputStateStack stateStack = new DtdInputStateStack ();
		DtdInputState State {
			get { return stateStack.Peek (); }
		}

		// Simply read but not generate any result.
		private void ReadInternalSubset ()
		{
			bool continueParse = true;

			while (continueParse) {
				switch (ReadChar ()) {
				case ']':
					switch (State) {
					case DtdInputState.Free:
						continueParse = false;
						break;
					case DtdInputState.InsideDoubleQuoted:
						continue;
					case DtdInputState.InsideSingleQuoted:
						continue;
					default:
						throw new XmlException (this as IXmlLineInfo,"unexpected end of file at DTD.");
					}
					break;
				case -1:
					throw new XmlException (this as IXmlLineInfo,"unexpected end of file at DTD.");
				case '<':
					if (State == DtdInputState.InsideDoubleQuoted ||
						State == DtdInputState.InsideSingleQuoted)
						continue;	// well-formed
					switch (ReadChar ()) {
					case '?':
						stateStack.Push (DtdInputState.PI);
						break;
					case '!':
						switch (ReadChar ()) {
						case 'E':
							switch (ReadChar ()) {
							case 'L':
								Expect ("EMENT");
								stateStack.Push (DtdInputState.ElementDecl);
								break;
							case 'N':
								Expect ("TITY");
								stateStack.Push (DtdInputState.EntityDecl);
								break;
							default:
								throw new XmlException (this as IXmlLineInfo,"unexpected token '<!E'.");
							}
							break;
						case 'A':
							Expect ("TTLIST");
							stateStack.Push (DtdInputState.AttlistDecl);
							break;
						case 'N':
							Expect ("OTATION");
							stateStack.Push (DtdInputState.NotationDecl);
							break;
						case '-':
							Expect ("-");
							stateStack.Push (DtdInputState.Comment);
							break;
						}
						break;
					default:
						throw new XmlException (this as IXmlLineInfo,"unexpected '>'.");
					}
					break;
				case '\'':
					if (State == DtdInputState.InsideSingleQuoted)
						stateStack.Pop ();
					else if (State != DtdInputState.InsideDoubleQuoted && State != DtdInputState.Comment)
						stateStack.Push (DtdInputState.InsideSingleQuoted);
					break;
				case '"':
					if (State == DtdInputState.InsideDoubleQuoted)
						stateStack.Pop ();
					else if (State != DtdInputState.InsideSingleQuoted && State != DtdInputState.Comment)
						stateStack.Push (DtdInputState.InsideDoubleQuoted);
					break;
				case '>':
					switch (State) {
					case DtdInputState.ElementDecl:
						goto case DtdInputState.NotationDecl;
					case DtdInputState.AttlistDecl:
						goto case DtdInputState.NotationDecl;
					case DtdInputState.EntityDecl:
						goto case DtdInputState.NotationDecl;
					case DtdInputState.NotationDecl:
						stateStack.Pop ();
						break;
					case DtdInputState.InsideDoubleQuoted:
						continue;
					case DtdInputState.InsideSingleQuoted:
						continue; // well-formed
					case DtdInputState.Comment:
						continue;
					default:
						throw new XmlException (this as IXmlLineInfo,"unexpected token '>'");
					}
					break;
				case '?':
					if (State == DtdInputState.PI) {
						if (ReadChar () == '>')
							stateStack.Pop ();
					}
					break;
				case '-':
					if (State == DtdInputState.Comment) {
						if (PeekChar () == '-') {
							ReadChar ();
							Expect ('>');
							stateStack.Pop ();
						}
					}
					break;
				case '%':
					if (State != DtdInputState.Free && State != DtdInputState.EntityDecl && State != DtdInputState.Comment && State != DtdInputState.InsideDoubleQuoted && State != DtdInputState.InsideSingleQuoted)
						throw new XmlException (this as IXmlLineInfo,"Parameter Entity Reference cannot appear as a part of markupdecl (see XML spec 2.8).");
					break;
				}
			}
		}

		// The reader is positioned on the first 'S' of "SYSTEM".
		private string ReadSystemLiteral (bool expectSYSTEM)
		{
			if(expectSYSTEM) {
				Expect ("SYSTEM");
				if (!SkipWhitespace ())
					throw new XmlException (this as IXmlLineInfo,
						"Whitespace is required after 'SYSTEM'.");
			}
			else
				SkipWhitespace ();
			int quoteChar = ReadChar ();	// apos or quot
			int startPos = currentTagLength;
			int c = 0;
			ClearValueBuffer ();
			while (c != quoteChar) {
				c = ReadChar ();
				if (c < 0)
					throw new XmlException (this as IXmlLineInfo,"Unexpected end of stream in ExternalID.");
				if (c != quoteChar)
					AppendValueChar (c);
			}
			return CreateValueString ();
		}

		private string ReadPubidLiteral()
		{
			Expect ("PUBLIC");
			if (!SkipWhitespace ())
				throw new XmlException (this as IXmlLineInfo,
					"Whitespace is required after 'PUBLIC'.");
			int quoteChar = ReadChar ();
			int startPos = currentTagLength;
			int c = 0;
			ClearValueBuffer ();
			while(c != quoteChar)
			{
				c = ReadChar ();
				if(c < 0) throw new XmlException (this as IXmlLineInfo,"Unexpected end of stream in ExternalID.");
				if(c != quoteChar && !XmlChar.IsPubidChar (c))
					throw new XmlException (this as IXmlLineInfo,"character '" + (char) c + "' not allowed for PUBLIC ID");
				if (c != quoteChar)
					AppendValueChar (c);
			}
			return CreateValueString ();
		}

		// The reader is positioned on the first character
		// of the name.
		private string ReadName ()
		{
			int ch = PeekChar ();
			if (!XmlChar.IsFirstNameChar (ch))
				throw new XmlException (this as IXmlLineInfo,String.Format ("a name did not start with a legal character {0} ({1})", ch, (char) ch));

			nameLength = 0;

			AppendNameChar (ReadChar ());

			while (XmlChar.IsNameChar (PeekChar ())) {
				AppendNameChar (ReadChar ());
			}

			return CreateNameString ();
		}

		// Read the next character and compare it against the
		// specified character.
		private void Expect (int expected)
		{
			int ch = ReadChar ();

			if (ch != expected) {
				throw new XmlException (this as IXmlLineInfo,
					String.Format (
						"expected '{0}' ({1:X}) but found '{2}' ({3:X})",
						(char) expected,
						expected,
						(char) ch,
						ch));
			}
		}

		private void Expect (string expected)
		{
			int len = expected.Length;
			for(int i=0; i< len; i++)
				Expect (expected[i]);
		}

		private void ExpectAfterWhitespace (char c)
		{
			while (true) {
				int i = ReadChar ();
				if (i < 0x21 && XmlChar.IsWhitespace (i))
					continue;
				if (c != i)
					throw new XmlException (this, String.Join (String.Empty, new string [] {"Expected ", c.ToString (), ", but found " + (char) i, "[", i.ToString (), "]"}));
				break;
			}
		}

		// Does not consume the first non-whitespace character.
		private bool SkipWhitespace ()
		{
			bool skipped = XmlChar.IsWhitespace (PeekChar ());
			if (!skipped)
				return false;
			while (XmlChar.IsWhitespace (PeekChar ()))
				ReadChar ();
			return skipped;
		}

		private void ReadWhitespace ()
		{
			if (currentState == XmlNodeType.None)
				currentState = XmlNodeType.XmlDeclaration;

			ClearValueBuffer ();
			int ch = PeekChar ();
			do {
				AppendValueChar (ReadChar ());
			} while ((ch = PeekChar ()) != -1 && XmlChar.IsWhitespace (ch));

			if (currentState == XmlNodeType.Element && ch != -1 && ch != '<')
				ReadText (false);
			else {
				XmlNodeType nodeType = (this.XmlSpace == XmlSpace.Preserve) ?
					XmlNodeType.SignificantWhitespace : XmlNodeType.Whitespace;
				SetProperties (nodeType,
					       String.Empty,
					       false,
					       null, // value: create only when required
					       true);
			}

			return;
		}

		private byte GetBase64Byte (char ch)
		{
			switch (ch) {
			case '+':
				return 62;
			case '/':
				return 63;
			case '=':
				return 0;
			default:
				if (ch >= 'A' && ch <= 'Z')
					return (byte) (ch - 'A');
				else if (ch >= 'a' && ch <= 'z')
					return (byte) (ch - 'a' + 26);
				else if (ch >= '0' && ch <= '9')
					return (byte) (ch - '0' + 52);
				else
					throw new XmlException ("Invalid Base64 character was found.");
			}
		}

		// Returns -1 if it should throw an error.
		private int ReadCharsInternal (char [] buffer, int offset, int length)
		{
			shouldSkipUntilEndTag = true;

			if (offset < 0)
				throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException ("offset", offset, "Offset must be non-negative integer.");
			else if (length < 0)
				throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException ("length", length, "Length must be non-negative integer.");
			else if (buffer.Length < offset + length)
				throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException ("buffer length is smaller than the sum of offset and length.");

			if (NodeType != XmlNodeType.Element)
				return 0;

			int bufIndex = offset;
			for (int i = 0; i < length; i++) {
				int c = PeekChar ();
				switch (c) {
				case -1:
					throw new XmlException (this as IXmlLineInfo, "Unexpected end of xml.");
				case '<':
					ReadChar ();
					if (PeekChar () != '/') {
						buffer [bufIndex++] = '<';
						continue;
					}
					// Seems to skip immediate EndElement
					Expect ('/');
					string name = ReadName ();
					if (name != elementNames [elementNameStackPos - 1]) {
						if (i + 1 < length) {
							buffer [bufIndex++] = '<';
							buffer [bufIndex++] = '/';
						}
						for (int n = 0; n < name.Length && i + n + 1 < length; n++)
							buffer [bufIndex++] = name [n];
						continue;
					}
					Expect ('>');
					depth--;
					elementNames [--elementNameStackPos] = null;
					shouldSkipUntilEndTag = false;
					Read ();
					return i;
				default:
					ReadChar ();
					if (c < Char.MaxValue)
						buffer [bufIndex++] = (char) c;
					else {
						buffer [bufIndex++] = (char) (c / 0x10000 + 0xD800 - 1);
						buffer [bufIndex++] = (char) (c % 0x10000 + 0xDC00);
					}
					break;
				}
			}
			return length;
		}

		private bool ReadUntilEndTag ()
		{
			int ch;
			do {
				ch = ReadChar ();
				switch (ch) {
				case -1:
					throw new XmlException (this as IXmlLineInfo,
						"Unexpected end of xml.");
				case '<':
					if (PeekChar () != '/')
						continue;
					ReadChar ();
					string name = ReadName ();
					if (name != elementNames [elementNameStackPos - 1])
						continue;
					Expect ('>');
					depth--;
					elementNames [--elementNameStackPos] = null;
					return Read ();
				}
			} while (true);
		}
		#endregion
	}
}