BansheeEngine/Data/Raw/Engine/Includes/LightingCommon.bslinc

#include "$ENGINE$\SurfaceData.bslinc"

mixin LightingCommon
{
	mixin SurfaceData;

	code
	{
		// Arbitrary limit, increase if needed
		#define MAX_LIGHTS 512
	
		#define PI 3.1415926
		#define HALF_PI 1.5707963
		
		// Note: Size must be multiple of largest element, because of std430 rules
		struct LightData
		{
			float3 position;
			float attRadius;
			float3 direction;
			float luminance;
			float3 spotAngles;
			float attRadiusSqrdInv;
			float3 color;
			float srcRadius;
			float3 shiftedLightPosition;
			float padding;
		};
		
		float3 calcMicrofacetFresnelShlick(float3 F0, float LoH)
		{
			return F0 + (1.0f - F0) * pow(1.0f - LoH, 5.0f);
		}

		float calcMicrofacetShadowingSmithGGX(float roughness4, float NoV, float NoL)
		{
			// Note: It's probably better to use the joint shadowing + masking version of this function

			// Note: Original GGX G1 multiplied by NoV & NoL (respectively), so that the microfacet function divisor gets canceled out
			// Original formula being (ignoring the factor for masking negative directions):
			//   G1(v) = 2 / (1 + sqrt(1 + roughness^4 * tan^2(v)))
			//
			// Using trig identities: tan = sin/cos & sin^2 + cos^2 = 1
			//   G1(v) = 2 / (1 + sqrt(1 + roughness^4 * (1 - cos^2(v))/cos^2(v)))
			//
			// Multiply by cos(v) so that we cancel out the (NoL * NoV) factor in the microfacet formula divisor
			//   G1(v) = 2 * cos(v) / (cos^2(v) + sqrt(cos^2 + roughness^4 - roughness^4 * cos^2(v)))
			// 
			// Actually do the cancellation:
			//    G1(v) = 2 / (cos^2(v) + sqrt(cos^2 + roughness^4 - roughness^4 * cos^2(v)))
			//
			// Also cancel out the 2 and the 4:
			//    G1(v) = 1 / (cos^2(v) + sqrt(cos^2 + roughness^4 - roughness^4 * cos^2(v)))
			//
			// Final equation being:
			//    G(v, l) = G1(v) * G1(l)
			//
			// Where cos(v) is NoV or NoL
			
			float g1V = NoV + sqrt(NoV * (NoV - NoV * roughness4) + roughness4);
			float g1L = NoL + sqrt(NoL * (NoL - NoL * roughness4) + roughness4);
			return rcp(g1V * g1L);
		}
		
		float calcMicrofacetDistGGX(float roughness4, float NoH)
		{
			float d = (NoH * roughness4 - NoH) * NoH + 1.0f;
			return roughness4 / (PI * d * d);
		}
		
		float3 calcDiffuseLambert(float3 color)
		{
			return color * (1.0f / PI);
		}
		
		float getSpotAttenuation(float3 toLight, LightData lightData)
		{
			float output = saturate((dot(toLight, -lightData.direction) - lightData.spotAngles.y) * lightData.spotAngles.z);
			return output * output;
		}

		// Window function to ensure the light contribution fades out to 0 at attenuation radius
		float getRadialAttenuation(float distance2, LightData lightData)
		{
			float radialAttenuation = distance2 * lightData.attRadiusSqrdInv;
			radialAttenuation *= radialAttenuation;
			radialAttenuation = saturate(1.0f - radialAttenuation);
			radialAttenuation *= radialAttenuation;
			
			return radialAttenuation;
		}			
					
		// Calculates illuminance from a non-area point light
		float illuminancePointLight(float distance2, float NoL, LightData lightData)
		{
			return (lightData.luminance * NoL) / max(distance2, 0.01f*0.01f);
		}
		
		// Calculates illuminance scale for a sphere or a disc area light, while also handling the case when
		// parts of the area light are below the horizon.
		// Input NoL must be unclamped.
		// Sphere solid angle = arcsin(r / d)
		// Right disc solid angle = atan(r / d)
		//   - To compensate for oriented discs, multiply by dot(diskNormal, -L)
		float illuminanceScaleSphereDiskAreaLight(float unclampedNoL, float sinSolidAngleSqrd)
		{
			// Handles parts of the area light below the surface horizon
			// See https://seblagarde.files.wordpress.com/2015/07/course_notes_moving_frostbite_to_pbr_v32.pdf for reference
			float sinSolidAngle = sqrt(sinSolidAngleSqrd);
			if(unclampedNoL < sinSolidAngle)
			{
				// Hermite spline approximation (see reference for exact formula)
				unclampedNoL = max(unclampedNoL, -sinSolidAngle);
				return ((sinSolidAngle + unclampedNoL) * (sinSolidAngle + unclampedNoL)) / (4 * sinSolidAngle);
			}
			else
				return PI * sinSolidAngleSqrd * saturate(unclampedNoL);
		}

		// Calculates illuminance from a sphere area light.
		float illuminanceSphereAreaLight(float unclampedNoL, float distToLight2, LightData lightData)
		{
			float radius2 = lightData.srcRadius * lightData.srcRadius;
			
			// Squared sine of the sphere solid angle
			float sinSolidAngle2 = radius2 / distToLight2;

			// Prevent divide by zero
			sinSolidAngle2 = min(sinSolidAngle2, 0.9999f);
			
			return lightData.luminance * illuminanceScaleSphereDiskAreaLight(unclampedNoL, sinSolidAngle2);	
		}
		
		// Calculates illuminance from a disc area light.
		float illuminanceDiscAreaLight(float unclampedNoL, float distToLight2, float3 L, LightData lightData)
		{
			// Solid angle for right disk = atan (r / d)
			//  atan (r / d) = asin((r / d)/sqrt((r / d)^2+1))
			//  sinAngle = (r / d)/sqrt((r / d)^2 + 1)
			//  sinAngle^2 = (r / d)^2 / (r / d)^2 + 1
			//             = r^2 / (d^2 + r^2)
		
			float radius2 = lightData.srcRadius * lightData.srcRadius;
			
			// max() to prevent light penetrating object
			float sinSolidAngle2 = saturate(radius2 / (radius2 + max(radius2, distToLight2)));
			
			// Multiply by extra term to somewhat handle the case of the oriented disc (formula above only works
			// for right discs).
			return lightData.luminance * illuminanceScaleSphereDiskAreaLight(unclampedNoL, sinSolidAngle2 * saturate(dot(lightData.direction, -L)));	
		}
	
		// With microfacet BRDF the BRDF lobe is not centered around the reflected (mirror) direction.
		// Because of NoL and shadow-masking terms the lobe gets shifted toward the normal as roughness
		// increases. This is called the "off-specular peak". We approximate it using this function.
		float3 getSpecularDominantDir(float3 N, float3 R, float roughness)
		{
			// Note: Try this formula as well:
			//  float smoothness = 1 - roughness;
			//  return lerp(N, R, smoothness * (sqrt(smoothness) + roughness));
		
			float r2 = roughness * roughness;
			return normalize(lerp(N, R, (1 - r2) * (sqrt(1 - r2) + r2)));
		}		
		
		float3 getSurfaceShading(float3 V, float3 L, float specLobeEnergy, SurfaceData surfaceData)
		{
			float3 N = surfaceData.worldNormal.xyz;

			float3 H = normalize(V + L);
			float LoH = saturate(dot(L, H));
			float NoH = saturate(dot(N, H));
			float NoV = saturate(dot(N, V));
			float NoL = saturate(dot(N, L));
			
			float3 diffuseColor = lerp(surfaceData.albedo.rgb, float3(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f), 1.0f - surfaceData.metalness);
			
			// Note: Using a fixed F0 value of 0.04 (plastic) for dielectrics, and using albedo as specular for conductors.
			// For more customizability allow the user to provide separate albedo/specular colors for both types.
			float3 specularColor = lerp(float3(0.04f, 0.04f, 0.04f), surfaceData.albedo.rgb, surfaceData.metalness);
			
			float3 diffuse = calcDiffuseLambert(diffuseColor);
			
			float roughness = max(surfaceData.roughness, 0.04f); // Prevent NaNs
			float roughness2 = roughness * roughness;
			float roughness4 = roughness2 * roughness2;
			
			float3 specular = calcMicrofacetFresnelShlick(specularColor, LoH) * 
				calcMicrofacetDistGGX(roughness4, NoH) *
				calcMicrofacetShadowingSmithGGX(roughness4, NoV, NoL);
			
			// Note: Need to add energy conservation between diffuse and specular terms?
			return diffuse + specular * specLobeEnergy;
		}	
		
		[internal] StructuredBuffer<LightData> gLights;
		
		#ifdef USE_COMPUTE_INDICES
			groupshared uint gLightIndices[MAX_LIGHTS];
		#endif
		#ifdef USE_LIGHT_GRID_INDICES
			[internal] Buffer<uint> gLightIndices;
		#endif
		
		float4 getDirectLighting(float3 worldPos, float3 V, float3 R, SurfaceData surfaceData, uint4 lightOffsets)
		{
			float3 N = surfaceData.worldNormal.xyz;
			float roughness2 = max(surfaceData.roughness, 0.08f);
			roughness2 *= roughness2;
			
			float3 outLuminance = 0;
			float alpha = 0.0f;
			if(surfaceData.worldNormal.w > 0.0f)
			{
				// Handle directional lights
				for(uint i = 0; i < lightOffsets.x; ++i)
				{
					LightData lightData = gLights[i];
				
					float3 L = -lightData.direction;
					float NoL = saturate(dot(N, L));
					float specEnergy = 1.0f;
					
					// Distant disk area light. Calculate its contribution analytically by
					// finding the most important (least error) point on the area light and
					// use it as a form of importance sampling.
					if(lightData.srcRadius > 0)
					{
						float diskRadius = sin(lightData.srcRadius);
						float distanceToDisk = cos(lightData.srcRadius);
						
						// Closest point to disk (approximation for distant disks)
						float DoR = dot(L, R);
						float3 S = normalize(R - DoR * L);
						L = DoR < distanceToDisk ? normalize(distanceToDisk * L + S * diskRadius) : R;
					}
					
					float3 surfaceShading = getSurfaceShading(V, L, specEnergy, surfaceData);
					float illuminance = lightData.luminance * NoL;
					outLuminance += lightData.color * illuminance * surfaceShading;
				}
				
				// Handle radial lights
				for (uint i = lightOffsets.y; i < lightOffsets.z; ++i)
				{
					uint lightIdx = gLightIndices[i];
					LightData lightData = gLights[lightIdx];
					
					float3 toLight = lightData.position - worldPos;
					float distToLightSqrd = dot(toLight, toLight);
					float invDistToLight = rsqrt(distToLightSqrd);
					
					float3 L = toLight * invDistToLight;
					float NoL = dot(N, L);
					
					float specEnergy = 1.0f;
					float illuminance = 0.0f;

					// Sphere area light. Calculate its contribution analytically by
					// finding the most important (least error) point on the area light and
					// use it as a form of importance sampling.
					if(lightData.srcRadius > 0)
					{
						// Calculate illuminance depending on source size, distance and angle
						illuminance = illuminanceSphereAreaLight(NoL, distToLightSqrd, lightData);	

						// Energy conservation:
						//    We are widening the specular distribution by the sphere's subtended angle, 
						//    so we need to handle the increase in energy. It is not enough just to account
						//    for the sphere solid angle, since the energy difference is highly dependent on
						//    specular distribution. By accounting for this energy difference we ensure glossy
						//    reflections have sharp edges, instead of being too blurry.
						//    See http://blog.selfshadow.com/publications/s2013-shading-course/karis/s2013_pbs_epic_notes_v2.pdf for reference
						float sphereAngle = saturate(lightData.srcRadius * invDistToLight);
						
						specEnergy = roughness2 / saturate(roughness2 + 0.5f * sphereAngle);
						specEnergy *= specEnergy;							
					
						// Find closest point on sphere to ray
						float3 closestPointOnRay = dot(toLight, R) * R;
						float3 centerToRay = closestPointOnRay - toLight;
						float invDistToRay = rsqrt(dot(centerToRay, centerToRay));
						float3 closestPointOnSphere = toLight + centerToRay * saturate(lightData.srcRadius * invDistToRay);
						
						toLight = closestPointOnSphere;
						L = normalize(toLight);
					}
					else
					{
						NoL = saturate(NoL);
						illuminance = illuminancePointLight(distToLightSqrd, NoL, lightData);
					}
					
					float attenuation = getRadialAttenuation(distToLightSqrd, lightData);
					float3 surfaceShading = getSurfaceShading(V, L, specEnergy, surfaceData);
						
					outLuminance += lightData.color * illuminance * attenuation * surfaceShading;
				}

				// Handle spot lights
				for(uint i = lightOffsets.z; i < lightOffsets.w; ++i)
				{
					uint lightIdx = gLightIndices[i];
					LightData lightData = gLights[lightIdx];
					
					float3 toLight = lightData.position - worldPos;
					float distToLightSqrd = dot(toLight, toLight);
					float invDistToLight = rsqrt(distToLightSqrd);
					
					float3 L = toLight * invDistToLight;
					float NoL = dot(N, L);
					
					float specEnergy = 1.0f;
					float illuminance = 0.0f;
					float spotAttenuation = 1.0f;
					
					// Disc area light. Calculate its contribution analytically by
					// finding the most important (least error) point on the area light and
					// use it as a form of importance sampling.
					if(lightData.srcRadius > 0)
					{
						// Calculate illuminance depending on source size, distance and angle
						illuminance = illuminanceDiscAreaLight(NoL, distToLightSqrd, L, lightData);	
					
						// Energy conservation: Similar case as with radial lights
						float rightDiscAngle = saturate(lightData.srcRadius * invDistToLight);
						
						// Account for disc orientation somewhat
						float discAngle = rightDiscAngle * saturate(dot(lightData.direction, -L));
						
						specEnergy = roughness2 / saturate(roughness2 + 0.5f * discAngle);
						specEnergy *= specEnergy;							
					
						// Find closest point on disc to ray
						float3 discNormal = -lightData.direction;
						float distAlongLightDir = max(dot(R, discNormal), 1e-6f);
						float t = dot(toLight, discNormal) / distAlongLightDir;
						float3 closestPointOnPlane = R * t; // Relative to shaded world point
						
						float3 centerToRay = closestPointOnPlane - toLight;
						float invDistToRay = rsqrt(dot(centerToRay, centerToRay));
						float3 closestPointOnDisc = toLight + centerToRay * saturate(lightData.srcRadius * invDistToRay);

						toLight = closestPointOnDisc;
						L = normalize(toLight);
						
						// Expand spot attenuation by disc radius (not physically based)
						float3 toSpotEdge = normalize(lightData.shiftedLightPosition - worldPos);
						spotAttenuation = getSpotAttenuation(toSpotEdge, lightData);
						
						// TODO - Spot attenuation fades out the specular highlight in a noticeable way
					}
					else
					{
						NoL = saturate(NoL);
						illuminance = illuminancePointLight(distToLightSqrd, NoL, lightData);
						
						spotAttenuation = getSpotAttenuation(L, lightData);
					}
					
					float radialAttenuation = getRadialAttenuation(distToLightSqrd, lightData);
					float attenuation = spotAttenuation * radialAttenuation;
					float3 surfaceShading = getSurfaceShading(V, L, specEnergy, surfaceData);
						
					outLuminance += lightData.color * illuminance * attenuation * surfaceShading;
				}
				
				// Ambient term for in-editor visualization, not used in actual lighting
				outLuminance += surfaceData.albedo.rgb * gAmbientFactor / PI;
				alpha = 1.0f;
			}
			
			return float4(outLuminance, alpha);
		}
	};
};