BansheeEngine/BansheeCore/Include/BsCPUProfiler.h

#pragma once

#include "BsCorePrerequisites.h"

namespace BansheeEngine
{
	class CPUProfilerReport;

	/**
	 * @brief	Provides various performance measuring methods.
	 * 			
	 * @note	Thread safe. Matching begin*\end* calls
	 * 			must belong to the same thread though.
	 */
	class BS_CORE_EXPORT CPUProfiler
	{
		/**
		 * @brief	Timer class responsible for tracking elapsed time.
		 */
		class Timer
		{
		public:
			Timer();

			/**
			 * @brief	Sets the start time for the timer.
			 */
			void start();

			/**
			 * @brief	Stops the timer and calculates the elapsed time
			 *			from start time to now.
			 */
			void stop();

			/**
			 * @brief	Resets the elapsed time to zero.
			 */
			void reset();

			double time;
		private:
			double startTime;

			/**
			 * @brief	Returns time elapsed since CPU was started in millseconds.
			 */
			static inline double getCurrentTime();
		};

		/**
		 * @brief	Timer class responsible for tracking number of elapsed CPU cycles.
		 */
		class TimerPrecise
		{
		public:
			TimerPrecise();

			/**
			 * @brief	Starts the counter marking the current number of executed
			 *			CPU cycles since CPU was started.
			 */
			void start();

			/**
			 * @brief	Ends the counter and calculates the number of CPU cycles between
			 *			now and the start time.
			 */
			void stop();

			/**
			 * @brief	Resets the cycle count to zero.
			 */
			void reset();

			UINT64 cycles;
		private:
			UINT64 startCycles;

			/**
			 * @brief	Queries the CPU for the current number of CPU cycles executed since the
			 *			program was started.
			 */
			static inline UINT64 getNumCycles();
		};

		/**
		 * @brief	Contains data about a single profiler sample (counting time in milliseconds).
		 *	
		 * @note	A sample is created whenever a named profile block is entered. e.g. if you have a function
		 *			you are profiling, and it gets called 10 times, there will be 10 samples.
		 */
		struct ProfileSample
		{
			ProfileSample(double _time, UINT64 _numAllocs, UINT64 _numFrees)
				:time(_time), numAllocs(_numAllocs), numFrees(_numFrees)
			{ }

			double time;
			UINT64 numAllocs;
			UINT64 numFrees;
		};

		/**
		 * @brief	Contains data about a single precise profiler sample (counting CPU cycles).
		 *
		 * @note	A sample is created whenever a named profile block is entered. e.g. if you have a function
		 *			you are profiling, and it gets called 10 times, there will be 10 samples.
		 */
		struct PreciseProfileSample
		{
			PreciseProfileSample(UINT64 _cycles, UINT64 _numAllocs, UINT64 _numFrees)
				:cycles(_cycles), numAllocs(_numAllocs), numFrees(_numFrees)
			{ }

			UINT64 cycles;
			UINT64 numAllocs;
			UINT64 numFrees;
		};

		/**
		 * @brief	Contains basic (time based) profiling data contained in a profiling block.
		 */
		struct ProfileData
		{
			/**
			 * @brief	Begins a new sample and records current sample state. Previous sample must
			 *			not be active.
			 */
			void beginSample();

			/**
			 * @brief	Records current sample state and creates a new sample based on start and end state.
			 *			Adds the sample to the sample list.
			 */
			void endSample();

			/**
			 * @brief	Removes the last added sample from the sample list and makes it active again. You must
			 *			call endSample when done as if you called beginSample.
			 */
			void resumeLastSample();

			ProfilerVector<ProfileSample> samples;
			Timer timer;

			UINT64 memAllocs;
			UINT64 memFrees;
		};

		/**
		 * @brief	Contains precise (CPU cycle based) profiling data contained in a profiling block.
		 */
		struct PreciseProfileData
		{
			/**
			 * @brief	Begins a new sample and records current sample state. Previous sample must
			 *			not be active.
			 */
			void beginSample();

			/**
			 * @brief	Records current sample state and creates a new sample based on start and end state.
			 *			Adds the sample to the sample list.
			 */
			void endSample();

			/**
			 * @brief	Removes the last added sample from the sample list and makes it active again. You must
			 *			call endSample when done as if you called beginSample.
			 */
			void resumeLastSample();

			ProfilerVector<PreciseProfileSample> samples;
			TimerPrecise timer;

			UINT64 memAllocs;
			UINT64 memFrees;
		};

		/**
		 * @brief	Contains all sampling information about a single named profiling block.
		 *			Each block has its own sampling information and optionally child blocks.
		 */
		struct ProfiledBlock
		{
			ProfiledBlock();
			~ProfiledBlock();

			/**
			 * @brief	Attempts to find a child block with the specified name. Returns
			 *			null if not found.
			 */
			ProfiledBlock* findChild(const ProfilerString& name) const;

			ProfilerString name;
			
			ProfileData basic;
			PreciseProfileData precise;

			ProfilerVector<ProfiledBlock*> children;
		};

		/**
		 * @brief	CPU sampling type.
		 */
		enum class ActiveSamplingType
		{
			Basic, /**< Sample using milliseconds. */
			Precise /**< Sample using CPU cycles. */
		};

		/**
		 * @brief	Contains data about the currently active profiling block.
		 */
		struct ActiveBlock
		{
			ActiveBlock()
				:type(ActiveSamplingType::Basic), block(nullptr)
			{ }

			ActiveBlock(ActiveSamplingType _type, ProfiledBlock* _block)
				:type(_type), block(_block)
			{ }

			ActiveSamplingType type;
			ProfiledBlock* block;
		};

		/**
		 * @brief	Contains data about an active profiling thread.
		 */
		struct ThreadInfo
		{
			ThreadInfo();

			/**
			 * @brief	Starts profiling on the thread. New primary profiling block
			 *			is created with the given name.
			 */
			void begin(const ProfilerString& _name);

			/**
			 * @brief	Ends profiling on the thread. You should end all samples before calling this,
			 *			but if you don't they will be terminated automatically.
			 */
			void end();

			/**
			 * @brief	Deletes all internal profiling data and makes the object ready for another
			 *			iteration. Should be called after end in order to delete any existing data.
			 */
			void reset();

			/**
			 * @brief	Gets the primary profiling block used by the thread.
			 */
			ProfiledBlock* getBlock();
			
			/**
			 * @brief	Deletes the provided block.
			 */
			void releaseBlock(ProfiledBlock* block);

			static BS_THREADLOCAL ThreadInfo* activeThread;
			bool isActive;

			ProfiledBlock* rootBlock;

			ProfilerStack<ActiveBlock> activeBlocks;
			ActiveBlock activeBlock;
		};

	public:
		CPUProfiler();
		~CPUProfiler();

		/**
		 * @brief	Registers a new thread we will be doing sampling in. This needs to be called before any beginSample*\endSample* calls
		 * 			are made in that thread.
		 *
		 * @param	name	Name that will allow you to more easily identify the thread.
		 */
		void beginThread(const ProfilerString& name);

		/**
		 * @brief	Ends sampling for the current thread. No beginSample*\endSample* calls after this point.
		 */
		void endThread();

		/**
		 * @brief	Begins sample measurement. Must be followed by endSample. 
		 *
		 * @param	name	Unique name for the sample you can later use to find the sampling data.
		 */
		void beginSample(const ProfilerString& name);

		/**
		 * @brief	Ends sample measurement.
		 *
		 * @param	name	Unique name for the sample. 
		 * 					
		 * @note	Unique name is primarily needed to more easily identify mismatched
		 * 			begin/end sample pairs. Otherwise the name in beginSample would be enough.
		 */
		void endSample(const ProfilerString& name);

		/**
		 * @brief	Begins sample measurement. Must be followed by endSample. 
		 *
		 * @param	name	Unique name for the sample you can later use to find the sampling data.
		 * 					
		 * @note	This method uses very precise CPU counters to determine variety of data not
		 * 			provided by standard beginSample. However due to the way these counters work you should
		 * 			not use this method for larger parts of code. It does not consider context switches so if the OS
		 * 			decides to switch context between measurements you will get invalid data.
		 */
		void beginSamplePrecise(const ProfilerString& name);

		/**
		 * @brief	Ends precise sample measurement.
		 *
		 * @param	name	Unique name for the sample. 
		 * 					
		 * @note	Unique name is primarily needed to more easily identify mismatched
		 * 			begin/end sample pairs. Otherwise the name in beginSamplePrecise would be enough.
		 */
		void endSamplePrecise(const ProfilerString& name);

		/**
		 * @brief	Clears all sampling data, and ends any unfinished sampling blocks.
		 */
		void reset();

		/**
		 * @brief	Generates a report from all previously sampled data.
		 * 			
		 * @note	Generating a report will stop all in-progress sampling. You should make sure
		 * 			you call endSample* manually beforehand so this doesn't have to happen.
		 */
		CPUProfilerReport generateReport();

	private:
		/**
		 * @brief	Calculates overhead that the timing and sampling methods themselves introduce
		 *			so we might get more accurate measurements when creating reports.
		 */
		void estimateTimerOverhead();

	private:
		double mBasicTimerOverhead;
		UINT64 mPreciseTimerOverhead;

		double mBasicSamplingOverheadMs;
		double mPreciseSamplingOverheadMs;
		UINT64 mBasicSamplingOverheadCycles;
		UINT64 mPreciseSamplingOverheadCycles;

		ProfilerVector<ThreadInfo*> mActiveThreads;
		BS_MUTEX(mThreadSync);
	};

	/**
	 * @brief	Profiling entry containing information about a single CPU profiling block
	 *			containing timing information.
	 */
	struct BS_CORE_EXPORT CPUProfilerBasicSamplingEntry
	{
		struct BS_CORE_EXPORT Data
		{
			Data();

			String name; /**< Name of the profiling block. */
			UINT32 numCalls; /**< Number of times the block was entered. */

			UINT64 memAllocs; /**< Number of memory allocations that happened within the block. */
			UINT64 memFrees; /**< Number of memory deallocations that happened within the block. */

			double avgTimeMs; /**< Average time it took to execute the block, per call. In milliseconds. */
			double maxTimeMs; /**< Maximum time of a single call in the block. In milliseconds. */
			double totalTimeMs; /**< Total time the block took, across all calls. In milliseconds. */

			double avgSelfTimeMs; /**< Average time it took to execute the block, per call. Ignores time used by child blocks. In milliseconds. */
			double totalSelfTimeMs; /**< Total time the block took, across all calls. Ignores time used by child blocks. In milliseconds. */

			double estimatedSelfOverheadMs; /**< Estimated overhead of profiling methods, only for this exact block. In milliseconds. */
			double estimatedOverheadMs; /**< Estimated overhead of profiling methods for this block and all children. In milliseconds. */

			float pctOfParent; /**< Percent of parent block time this block took to execute. Ranging [0.0, 1.0]. */
		} data;

		ProfilerVector<CPUProfilerBasicSamplingEntry> childEntries;
	};

	/**
	* @brief	Profiling entry containing information about a single CPU profiling block
	*			containing CPU cycle count based information.
	*/
	struct BS_CORE_EXPORT CPUProfilerPreciseSamplingEntry
	{
		struct BS_CORE_EXPORT Data
		{
			Data();

			String name; /**< Name of the profiling block. */
			UINT32 numCalls; /**< Number of times the block was entered. */

			UINT64 memAllocs; /**< Number of memory allocations that happened within the block. */
			UINT64 memFrees; /**< Number of memory deallocations that happened within the block. */

			UINT64 avgCycles; /**< Average number of cycles it took to execute the block, per call. */
			UINT64 maxCycles; /**< Maximum number of cycles of a single call in the block. */
			UINT64 totalCycles; /**< Total number of cycles across all calls in the block. */

			UINT64 avgSelfCycles; /**< Average number of cycles it took to execute the block, per call. Ignores cycles used by child blocks. */
			UINT64 totalSelfCycles; /**< Total number of cycles across all calls in the block. Ignores time used by child blocks. */

			UINT64 estimatedSelfOverhead; /**< Estimated overhead of profiling methods, only for this exact block. In cycles. */
			UINT64 estimatedOverhead; /**< Estimated overhead of profiling methods for this block and all children. In cycles. */

			float pctOfParent; /**< Percent of parent block cycles used by this block. Ranging [0.0, 1.0]. */
		} data;

		ProfilerVector<CPUProfilerPreciseSamplingEntry> childEntries;
	};

	/**
	 * @brief	CPU profiling report containing all profiling information for a single profiling session.
	 */
	class BS_CORE_EXPORT CPUProfilerReport
	{
	public:
		CPUProfilerReport();

		/**
		 * @brief	Returns root entry for the basic (time based) sampling data. Root entry always contains the
		 *			profiling block associated with the entire thread.
		 */
		const CPUProfilerBasicSamplingEntry& getBasicSamplingData() const { return mBasicSamplingRootEntry; }

		/**
		 * @brief	Returns root entry for the precise (CPU cycle based) sampling data. Root entry always contains the
		 *			profiling block associated with the entire thread.
		 */
		const CPUProfilerPreciseSamplingEntry& getPreciseSamplingData() const { return mPreciseSamplingRootEntry; }

	private:
		friend class CPUProfiler;

		CPUProfilerBasicSamplingEntry mBasicSamplingRootEntry;
		CPUProfilerPreciseSamplingEntry mPreciseSamplingRootEntry;
	};
}