GamePlay/gameplay/src/Node.h

#ifndef NODE_H_
#define NODE_H_

#include "Transform.h"
#include "Camera.h"
#include "Light.h"
#include "Model.h"
#include "Form.h"
#include "ParticleEmitter.h"
#include "PhysicsRigidBody.h"
#include "PhysicsCollisionObject.h"
#include "BoundingBox.h"
#include "AIAgent.h"

namespace gameplay
{

class AudioSource;
class Bundle;
class Scene;
class Form;
class Terrain;

/**
 * Defines a basic hierarchical structure of transformation spaces.
 */
class Node : public Transform, public Ref
{
    friend class Scene;
    friend class Bundle;
    friend class MeshSkin;

public:

    /**
     * Defines the types of nodes.
     */
    enum Type
    {
        NODE = 1,
        JOINT
    };

    /**
     * Creates a new node with the specified ID.
     *
     * @param id The ID for the new node.
     * @script{create}
     */
    static Node* create(const char* id = NULL);

    /**
     * Gets the identifier for the node.
     *
     * @return The node identifier.
     */
    const char* getId() const;

    /**
     * Sets the identifier for the node.
     *
     * @param id The identifier to set for the node.
     */
    void setId(const char* id);

    /**
     * Returns the type of the node.
     */
    virtual Node::Type getType() const;

    /**
     * Adds a child node.
     *
     * @param child The child to add.
     */
    virtual void addChild(Node* child);

    /**
     * Removes a child node.
     *
     * @param child The child to remove.
     */
    virtual void removeChild(Node* child);

    /**
     * Removes all child nodes.
     */
    virtual void removeAllChildren();

    /**
     * Returns the first child for this node.
     *
     * @return The first child.
     */
    Node* getFirstChild() const;

    /**
     * Returns the first sibling of this node.
     *
     * @return The first sibling.
     */
    Node* getNextSibling() const;

    /**
     * Returns the previous sibling to this node.
     *
     * @return The previous sibling.
     */
    Node* getPreviousSibling() const;

    /**
     * Returns the parent of this node.
     *
     * @return The parent.
     */
    Node* getParent() const;

    /**
     * Determines if a custom tag with the specified name is set.
     *
     * @param name Name of the tag to query.
     *
     * @return true if the tag is set, false otherwise.
     */
    bool hasTag(const char* name) const;

    /**
     * Returns the value of the custom tag with the given name.
     *
     * @param name Name of the tag to return.
     *
     * @return The value of the given tag, or NULL if the tag is not set.
     */
    const char* getTag(const char* name) const;

    /**
     * Sets a custom tag on this Node.
     *
     * Custom tags can be used for a variety of purposes within a game. For example,
     * a tag called "transparent" can be added to nodes, to indicate which nodes in
     * a scene are transparent. This tag can then be read during rendering to sort
     * transparent and opaque objects for correct drawing order. Another example
     * is using a "visible" tag to mark nodes as invisible to be skipped during
     * rendering.
     *
     * Setting a tag to NULL removes the tag from the Node.
     *
     * @param name Name of the tag to set.
     * @param value Optional value of the tag (empty string by default).
     */
    void setTag(const char* name, const char* value = "");

    /**
     * Returns the user pointer for this node.
     *
     * @return The user pointer for this node.
     * @see setUserPointer(void*)
     * @script{ignore}
     */
    void* getUserPointer() const;

    /**
     * Sets the user pointer for this node.
     *
     * The user pointer is initially NULL and can be set to anything.
     * This is normally used to store game-specific data, such as 
     * game state for a particular node.  For example, attributes
     * for a game character, such as hit points, stamina, etc can
     * be defined in a game structure and stored in this field.
     *
     * When a node is deleted, the (optional) cleanup callback
     * function passed to this function is called to allow the 
     * user to free any memory associated with the user pointer.
     *
     * @param pointer User pointer.
     * @param cleanupCallback Optional callback that is called when the
     *      Node is being destroyed (or when the user pointer changes),
     *      to allow the user to cleanup any memory associated with the
     *      user pointer.
     * @script{ignore}
     */
    void setUserPointer(void* pointer, void (*cleanupCallback)(void*) = NULL);

    /**
     * Returns the number of direct children of this item.
     *
     * @return The number of children.
     */
    unsigned int getChildCount() const;

    /**
     * Returns the first child node that matches the given ID.
     *
     * This method checks the specified ID against its immediate child nodes 
     * but does not check the ID against itself.
     * If recursive is true, it also traverses the Node's hierarchy with a breadth first search.
     *
     * @param id The ID of the child to find.
     * @param recursive True to search recursively all the node's children, false for only direct children.
     * @param exactMatch true if only nodes whose ID exactly matches the specified ID are returned,
     *        or false if nodes that start with the given ID are returned.
     * 
     * @return The Node found or NULL if not found.
     */
    Node* findNode(const char* id, bool recursive = true, bool exactMatch = true) const;

    /**
     * Returns all child nodes that match the given ID.
     *
     * @param id The ID of the node to find.
     * @param nodes A vector of nodes to be populated with matches.
     * @param recursive true if a recursive search should be performed, false otherwise.
     * @param exactMatch true if only nodes whose ID exactly matches the specified ID are returned,
     *        or false if nodes that start with the given ID are returned.
     * 
     * @return The number of matches found.
     * @script{ignore}
     */
    unsigned int findNodes(const char* id, std::vector<Node*>& nodes, bool recursive = true, bool exactMatch = true) const;

    /**
     * Gets the scene.
     *
     * @return The scene.
     */
    Scene* getScene() const;

    /**
     * Gets the top level node in this node's parent hierarchy.
     */
    Node* getRootNode() const;

    /**
     * Gets the world matrix corresponding to this node.
     *
     * @return The world matrix of this node.
     */
    virtual const Matrix& getWorldMatrix() const;

    /**
     * Gets the world view matrix corresponding to this node.
     *
     * @return The world view matrix of this node.
     */
    const Matrix& getWorldViewMatrix() const;

    /**
     * Gets the inverse transpose world matrix corresponding to this node.
     *
     * This matrix is typically used to transform normal vectors into world space.
     *
     * @return The inverse world matrix of this node.
     */
    const Matrix& getInverseTransposeWorldMatrix() const;

    /**
     * Gets the inverse transpose world view matrix corresponding to this node.
     *
     * This matrix is typically used to transform normal vectors into view space.
     *
     * @return The inverse world view matrix of this node.
     */
    const Matrix& getInverseTransposeWorldViewMatrix() const;

    /**
     * Gets the view matrix corresponding to this node based
     * on the scene's active camera.
     *
     * @return The view matrix of this node.
     */
    const Matrix& getViewMatrix() const;

    /**
     * Gets the inverse view matrix corresponding to this node based
     * on the scene's active camera.
     *
     * @return The inverse view matrix of this node.
     */
    const Matrix& getInverseViewMatrix() const;

    /**
     * Gets the projection matrix corresponding to this node based
     * on the scene's active camera.
     *
     * @return The projection matrix of this node.
     */
    const Matrix& getProjectionMatrix() const;

    /**
     * Gets the view * projection matrix corresponding to this node based
     * on the scene's active camera.
     *
     * @return The view * projection matrix of this node.
     */
    const Matrix& getViewProjectionMatrix() const;

    /**
     * Gets the inverse view * projection matrix corresponding to this node based
     * on the scene's active camera.
     *
     * @return The inverse view * projection matrix of this node.
     */
    const Matrix& getInverseViewProjectionMatrix() const;

    /**
     * Gets the world * view * projection matrix corresponding to this node based
     * on the scene's active camera.
     *
     * @return The world * view * projection matrix of this node.
     */
    const Matrix& getWorldViewProjectionMatrix() const;

    /**
     * Gets the translation vector (or position) of this Node in world space.
     *
     * @return The world translation vector.
     */
    Vector3 getTranslationWorld() const;

    /**
     * Gets the translation vector (or position) of this Node in view space.
     *
     * @return The view space translation vector.
     */
    Vector3 getTranslationView() const;

    /**
     * Returns the forward vector of the Node in world space.
     *
     * @return The forward vector in world space.
     */
    Vector3 getForwardVectorWorld() const;

    /**
     * Returns the forward vector of the Node in view space.
     *
     * @return The forward vector in view space.
     */
    Vector3 getForwardVectorView() const;

    /**
     * Returns the right vector of the Node in world space.
     *
     * @return The right vector in world space.
     */
    Vector3 getRightVectorWorld() const;

    /**
     * Returns the up vector of the Node in world space.
     *
     * @return The up vector in world space.
     */
    Vector3 getUpVectorWorld() const;

    /**
     * Returns the translation vector of the currently active camera for this node's scene.
     *
     * @return The translation vector of the scene's active camera.
     */
    Vector3 getActiveCameraTranslationWorld() const;

    /**
     * Returns the view-space translation vector of the currently active camera for this node's scene.
     *
     * @return The translation vector of the scene's active camera, in view-space.
     */
    Vector3 getActiveCameraTranslationView() const;

    /**
     * Gets the first animation in the node hierarchy with the specified ID.
     *
     * @param id The ID of the animation to get. Returns the first animation if ID is NULL.
     * @return The first animation with the specified ID.
     */
    Animation* getAnimation(const char* id = NULL) const;

    /**
     * Returns the pointer to this node's camera.
     *
     * @return The pointer to this node's camera or NULL.
     */
    Camera* getCamera() const;

    /**
     * Assigns a camera to this node.
     * 
     * This will increase the reference count of the new camera and decrease
     * the reference count of the old camera.
     *
     * @param camera A pointer to a camera. May be NULL.
     */
    void setCamera(Camera* camera);

    /**
     * Returns the pointer to this node's light.
     *
     * @return The pointer to this node's light or NULL.
     */
    Light* getLight() const;

    /**
     * Assigns a light to this node.
     * 
     * This will increase the reference count of the new light and decrease
     * the reference count of the old light.
     *
     * @param light The new light. May be NULL.
     */
    void setLight(Light* light);

    /**
     * Returns the pointer to this node's model.
     * 
     * @return The pointer to this node's model or NULL.
     */
    Model* getModel() const;

    /**
     * Assigns a model to this node.
     * 
     * This will increase the reference count of the new model and decrease
     * the reference count of the old model.
     *
     * @param model The new model. May be NULL.
     */
    void setModel(Model* model);

    /**
     * Returns the pointer to this node's terrain.
     *
     * @return The pointer to this node's terrain.
     */
    Terrain* getTerrain() const;

    /**
     * Assigns a terrain to this node.
     *
     * This will increase the reference count of the new terrain and decrease
     * the reference count of the old terrain.
     *
     * @param terrain The new terrain. May be NULL.
     */
    void setTerrain(Terrain* terrain);

    /**
     * Returns the pointer to this node's form.
     * 
     * @return The pointer to this node's form or NULL.
     */
    Form* getForm() const;

    /**
     * Assigns a form to this node.
     * 
     * @param form The form pointer. May be NULL.
     */
    void setForm(Form* form);

    /**
     * Returns the pointer to this node's audio source.
     *
     * @return The pointer to this node's audio source or NULL.
     */
    AudioSource* getAudioSource() const;

    /**
     * Assigns an audio source to this node.
     * 
     * This will increase the reference count of the new audio source and decrease
     * the reference count of the old audio source.
     *
     * @param audio The new audio source. May be NULL.
     */
    void setAudioSource(AudioSource* audio);

    /**
     * Returns the pointer to this node's particle emitter.
     *
     * @return The pointer to this node's particle emitter or NULL.
     */
    ParticleEmitter* getParticleEmitter() const;

    /**
     * Assigns a particle emitter to this node.
     * 
     * This will increase the reference count of the new particle emitter and decrease
     * the reference count of the old particle emitter.
     *
     * @param emitter The new particle emitter. May be NULL.
     */
    void setParticleEmitter(ParticleEmitter* emitter);

    /**
     * Returns the pointer to this node's physics collision object.
     *
     * The type of the returned collision object can be queried using
     * the PhysicsCollisionObject::getType() method.
     *
     * @return The pointer to this node's physics collision object.
     */
    PhysicsCollisionObject* getCollisionObject() const;

    /**
     * Sets (or disables) the physics collision object for this node.
     *
     * The supported collision object types include rigid bodies, ghost objects, 
     * characters, vehicles, and vehicle wheels.
     *
     * Rigid bodies are used to represent most physical objects in a game. The important
     * feature of rigid bodies is that they can be simulated by the physics system as other
     * rigid bodies or collision objects collide with them. To support this physics simulation,
     * rigid bodies require additional parameters, such as mass, friction and restitution to
     * define their physical features. These parameters can be passed into the
     * 'rigidBodyParameters' parameter.
     *
     * Vehicles consist of a rigid body with wheels. The rigid body parameters can be passed-in
     * via the 'rigidBodyParameters' parameter, and wheels can be added to the vehicle.
     *
     * Ghost objects are a simple type of collision object that are not simulated. By default
     * they pass through other objects in the scene without affecting them. Ghost objects do
     * receive collision events however, which makes them useful for representing non-simulated
     * entities in a game that still require collision events, such as volumetric triggers, 
     * power-ups, etc.
     *
     * Characters are an extension of ghost objects which provide a number of additional features
     * for animating and moving characters within a game. Characters are represented as ghost
     * objects instead of rigid bodies to allow more direct control over character movement,
     * since attempting to model a physics character with a simulated rigid body usually results
     * in unresponsive and unpredictable character movement. Unlike normal ghost objects,
     * characters to react to other characters and rigid bodies in the world. Characters react
     * to gravity and collide (and respond) with rigid bodies to allow them to walk on the ground,
     * slide along walls and walk up/down slopes and stairs.
     *
     * @param type The type of the collision object to set; to disable the physics
     *        collision object, pass PhysicsCollisionObject::NONE.
     * @param shape Definition of a physics collision shape to be used for this collision object.
     *        Use the static shape methods on the PhysicsCollisionShape class to specify a shape
     *        definition, such as PhysicsCollisionShape::box().
     * @param rigidBodyParameters If type is PhysicsCollisionObject::RIGID_BODY or
     *        PhysicsCollisionObject::VEHICLE, this must point to a valid rigid body
     *        parameters object containing information about the rigid body;
     *        otherwise, this parameter may be NULL.
     */
    PhysicsCollisionObject* setCollisionObject(PhysicsCollisionObject::Type type, const PhysicsCollisionShape::Definition& shape = PhysicsCollisionShape::box(), 
                                               PhysicsRigidBody::Parameters* rigidBodyParameters = NULL);

    /**
     * Sets the physics collision object for this node using the data from the Properties object defined at the specified URL, 
     * where the URL is of the format "<file-path>.<extension>#<namespace-id>/<namespace-id>/.../<namespace-id>"
     * (and "#<namespace-id>/<namespace-id>/.../<namespace-id>" is optional). 
     * 
     * @param url The URL pointing to the Properties object defining the physics collision object.
     */
    PhysicsCollisionObject* setCollisionObject(const char* url);

    /**
     * Sets the physics collision object for this node from the given properties object.
     * 
     * @param properties The properties object defining the collision object.
     */
    PhysicsCollisionObject* setCollisionObject(Properties* properties);

    /**
     * Returns the number of advertised descendants held in this node.
     *
     * Descendant nodes can advertise themselves to others using this
     * mechanism, such as how the wheels are bound to a physics vehicle
     * via their common ancestor.
     *
     * @return the number of advertised descendants held in this node.
     */
    unsigned int getNumAdvertisedDescendants() const;

    /**
     * Returns the advertised descendant at the specified index.
     *
     * Descendant nodes can advertise themselves to others using this
     * mechanism, such as how the wheels are bound to a physics vehicle
     * via their common ancestor.
     *
     * @param i the index to look-up.
     *
     * @return the advertised descendant at the specified index.
     */
    Node* getAdvertisedDescendant(unsigned int i) const;

    /**
     * Adds the specified node to the list of advertised descendants.
     *
     * Descendant nodes can advertise themselves to others using this
     * mechanism, such as how the wheels are bound to a physics vehicle
     * via their common ancestor.
     *
     * @param node the node reference to add.
     */
    void addAdvertisedDescendant(Node* node);

    /**
     * Returns the AI agent assigned to this node.
     *
     * @return The AI agent for this node.
     */
    AIAgent* getAgent() const;

    /**
     * Sets the AI agent for this node.
     *
     * @param agent The AI agent to set.
     */
    void setAgent(AIAgent* agent);

    /**
     * Returns the bounding sphere for the Node, in world space.
     *
     * The bounding sphere for a node represents the area, in world
     * space, that the node contains. This includes the space occupied 
     * by any child nodes as well as the space occupied by any data
     * inside the node (such as models).
     *
     * Bounding spheres for nodes are rough approximations of the data
     * contained within a node and they are intended for visibility
     * testing or first-pass intersection testing only. They are not
     * appropriate for accurate collision detection since they most often
     * do not tightly contain a node's content.
     *
     * A node that does not occupy any space will return a bounding sphere
     * with a center point equal to the node translation and a radius of zero.
     *
     * @return The world-space bounding sphere for the node.
     */
    const BoundingSphere& getBoundingSphere() const;

    /**
     * Clones the node and all of its child nodes.
     * 
     * @return A new node.
     * @script{create}
     */
    Node* clone() const;

protected:

    /**
     * Constructor.
     */
    Node(const char* id);

    /**
     * Destructor.
     */
    virtual ~Node();

    /**
     * Clones a single node and its data but not its children.
     * 
     * @param context The clone context.
     * 
     * @return Pointer to the newly created node.
     */
    virtual Node* cloneSingleNode(NodeCloneContext &context) const;

    /**
     * Recursively clones this node and its children.
     * 
     * @param context The clone context.
     * 
     * @return The newly created node.
     */
    Node* cloneRecursive(NodeCloneContext &context) const;

    /**
     * Copies the data from this node into the given node.
     * 
     * @param node The node to copy the data to.
     * @param context The clone context.
     */
    void cloneInto(Node* node, NodeCloneContext &context) const;

    /**
     * Removes this node from its parent.
     */
    void remove();

    /**
     * Called when this Node's transform changes.
     */
    void transformChanged();

    /**
     * Called when this Node's hierarchy changes.
     */
    void hierarchyChanged();

    /**
     * Marks the bounding volume of the node as dirty.
     */
    void setBoundsDirty();

private:

    /**
     * Hidden copy constructor.
     */
    Node(const Node& copy);

    /**
     * Hidden copy assignment operator.
     */
    Node& operator=(const Node&);

protected:

    /**
     * Defines a pointer and cleanup callback to custom user data that can be store in a Node.
     */
    struct UserData
    {
        /**
         * Constructor.
         */
        UserData() : pointer(NULL), cleanupCallback(NULL) {}

        /**
         * A pointer to custom user data.
         */
        void* pointer;

        /** 
         * Cleanup callback.
         */
        void (*cleanupCallback)(void*);
    };

    /**
     * The Scene this node belongs to.
     */
    Scene* _scene;

    /**
     * The Node's ID.
     */ 
    std::string _id;

    /**
     * Pointer to the Node's first child.
     */
    Node* _firstChild;
    
    /**
     * Pointer to the Node's next child.
     */
    Node* _nextSibling;
    
    /**
     * Pointer to the Node's previous sibling.
     */
    Node* _prevSibling;

    /**
     * Pointer to the Node's parent.
     */
    Node* _parent;

    /**
     * The number of children belonging to the Node.
     */
    unsigned int _childCount;

    /**
     * List of custom tags for a node.
     */
    std::map<std::string, std::string>* _tags;

    /**
     * Pointer to the Camera attached to the Node.
     */
    Camera* _camera;

    /**
     * Pointer to the Light attached to the Node.
     */ 
    Light* _light;

    /**
     * Pointer to the Model attached to the Node.
     */
    Model* _model;

    /**
     * Pointer to the Terrain attached to the Node.
     */
    Terrain* _terrain;

    /**
     * Pointer to the Form attached to the Node.
     */
    Form* _form;
    
    /**
     * Pointer to the AudioSource attached to the Node.
     */
    AudioSource* _audioSource;
    
    /**
     * Pointer to the ParticleEmitter attached to the Node.
     */
    ParticleEmitter* _particleEmitter;
    
    /**
     * Pointer to the PhysicsCollisionObject attached to the Node.
     */
    PhysicsCollisionObject* _collisionObject;
    
    /**
     * Pointer to the AI agent attached to the Node.
     */
    AIAgent* _agent;

    /**
     * World Matrix representation of the Node.
     */
    mutable Matrix _world;

    /**
     * Dirty bits flag for the Node.
     */
    mutable int _dirtyBits;
    
    /**
     * A flag indicating if the Node's hierarchy has changed.
     */ 
    bool _notifyHierarchyChanged;

    /**
     * The Bounding Sphere containing the Node.
     */
    mutable BoundingSphere _bounds;

    /**
     * Pointer to custom UserData and cleanup call back that can be stored in a Node.
     */
    UserData* _userData;

    /**
     * A linear collection of descendants who wish to advertise themselves, typically
     * to other descendants. This allows nodes of common ancestry to bond. One example
     * of this is a physics vehicle and its wheels, which are associated via their
     * lowest common ancestor.
     */
    std::vector<Node*> _advertisedDescendants;
};

/**
 * NodeCloneContext represents the context data that is kept when cloning a node.
 * 
 * The NodeCloneContext is used to make sure objects don't get cloned twice.
 */
class NodeCloneContext
{
public:

    /**
     * Constructor.
     */
    NodeCloneContext();

    /**
     * Destructor.
     */
    ~NodeCloneContext();

    /**
     * Finds the cloned animation of the given animation or NULL if this animation was not registered with this context.
     * 
     * @param animation The animation to search for the cloned copy of.
     * 
     * @return The cloned animation or NULL if not found.
     */
    Animation* findClonedAnimation(const Animation* animation);

    /**
     * Registers the cloned animation with this context so that it doesn't get cloned twice.
     * 
     * @param original The pointer to the original animation.
     * @param clone The pointer to the cloned animation.
     */
    void registerClonedAnimation(const Animation* original, Animation* clone);

    /**
     * Finds the cloned node of the given node or NULL if this node was not registered with this context.
     * 
     * @param node The node to search for the cloned copy of.
     * 
     * @return The cloned node or NULL if not found.
     */
    Node* findClonedNode(const Node* node);

    /**
     * Registers the cloned node with this context so that it doens't get cloned twice.
     * 
     * @param original The pointer to the original node.
     * @param clone The pointer to the cloned node.
     */
    void registerClonedNode(const Node* original, Node* clone);

private:
    
    /**
     * Hidden copy constructor.
     */
    NodeCloneContext(const NodeCloneContext&);

    /**
     * Hidden copy assignment operator.
     */
    NodeCloneContext& operator=(const NodeCloneContext&);

    std::map<const Animation*, Animation*> _clonedAnimations;
    std::map<const Node*, Node*> _clonedNodes;
};

}

#endif