JoltPhysics/Jolt/Physics/Constraints/SixDOFConstraint.cpp

// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2021 Jorrit Rouwe
// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT

#include <Jolt/Jolt.h>

#include <Jolt/Physics/Constraints/SixDOFConstraint.h>
#include <Jolt/Physics/Body/Body.h>
#include <Jolt/Geometry/Ellipse.h>
#include <Jolt/ObjectStream/TypeDeclarations.h>
#include <Jolt/Core/StreamIn.h>
#include <Jolt/Core/StreamOut.h>
#ifdef JPH_DEBUG_RENDERER
	#include <Jolt/Renderer/DebugRenderer.h>
#endif // JPH_DEBUG_RENDERER

JPH_NAMESPACE_BEGIN

JPH_IMPLEMENT_SERIALIZABLE_VIRTUAL(SixDOFConstraintSettings)
{
	JPH_ADD_BASE_CLASS(SixDOFConstraintSettings, TwoBodyConstraintSettings)

	JPH_ADD_ENUM_ATTRIBUTE(SixDOFConstraintSettings, mSpace)
	JPH_ADD_ATTRIBUTE(SixDOFConstraintSettings, mPosition1)
	JPH_ADD_ATTRIBUTE(SixDOFConstraintSettings, mAxisX1)
	JPH_ADD_ATTRIBUTE(SixDOFConstraintSettings, mAxisY1)
	JPH_ADD_ATTRIBUTE(SixDOFConstraintSettings, mPosition2)
	JPH_ADD_ATTRIBUTE(SixDOFConstraintSettings, mAxisX2)
	JPH_ADD_ATTRIBUTE(SixDOFConstraintSettings, mAxisY2)
	JPH_ADD_ATTRIBUTE(SixDOFConstraintSettings, mMaxFriction)
	JPH_ADD_ATTRIBUTE(SixDOFConstraintSettings, mLimitMin)
	JPH_ADD_ATTRIBUTE(SixDOFConstraintSettings, mLimitMax)
	JPH_ADD_ATTRIBUTE(SixDOFConstraintSettings, mMotorSettings)
}

void SixDOFConstraintSettings::SaveBinaryState(StreamOut &inStream) const
{ 
	ConstraintSettings::SaveBinaryState(inStream);

	inStream.Write(mSpace);
	inStream.Write(mPosition1);
	inStream.Write(mAxisX1);
	inStream.Write(mAxisY1);
	inStream.Write(mPosition2);
	inStream.Write(mAxisX2);
	inStream.Write(mAxisY2);
	inStream.Write(mMaxFriction);
	inStream.Write(mLimitMin);
	inStream.Write(mLimitMax);
	for (const MotorSettings &m : mMotorSettings)
		m.SaveBinaryState(inStream);
}

void SixDOFConstraintSettings::RestoreBinaryState(StreamIn &inStream)
{
	ConstraintSettings::RestoreBinaryState(inStream);

	inStream.Read(mSpace);
	inStream.Read(mPosition1);
	inStream.Read(mAxisX1);
	inStream.Read(mAxisY1);
	inStream.Read(mPosition2);
	inStream.Read(mAxisX2);
	inStream.Read(mAxisY2);
	inStream.Read(mMaxFriction);
	inStream.Read(mLimitMin);
	inStream.Read(mLimitMax);
	for (MotorSettings &m : mMotorSettings)
		m.RestoreBinaryState(inStream);
}

TwoBodyConstraint *SixDOFConstraintSettings::Create(Body &inBody1, Body &inBody2) const
{
	return new SixDOFConstraint(inBody1, inBody2, *this);
}

void SixDOFConstraint::UpdateRotationLimits()
{
	// Make values sensible
	for (int i = 3; i < 6; ++i)
		if (IsAxisFixed((EAxis)i))
			mLimitMin[i] = mLimitMax[i] = 0.0f;
		else
		{
			mLimitMin[i] = max(-JPH_PI, mLimitMin[i]);
			mLimitMax[i] = min(JPH_PI, mLimitMax[i]);
		}

	// The swing twist constraint part requires symmetrical rotations around Y and Z
	JPH_ASSERT(mLimitMin[EAxis::RotationY] == -mLimitMax[EAxis::RotationY]);
	JPH_ASSERT(mLimitMin[EAxis::RotationZ] == -mLimitMax[EAxis::RotationZ]);

	// Pass limits on to constraint part
	mSwingTwistConstraintPart.SetLimits(mLimitMin[EAxis::RotationX], mLimitMax[EAxis::RotationX], mLimitMax[EAxis::RotationY], mLimitMax[EAxis::RotationZ]);
}

SixDOFConstraint::SixDOFConstraint(Body &inBody1, Body &inBody2, const SixDOFConstraintSettings &inSettings) :
	TwoBodyConstraint(inBody1, inBody2, inSettings),
	mLocalSpacePosition1(inSettings.mPosition1),
	mLocalSpacePosition2(inSettings.mPosition2)
{
	// Assert that input adheres to the limitations of this class
	JPH_ASSERT(inSettings.mLimitMin[EAxis::RotationY] == -inSettings.mLimitMax[EAxis::RotationY]);
	JPH_ASSERT(inSettings.mLimitMin[EAxis::RotationZ] == -inSettings.mLimitMax[EAxis::RotationZ]);

	// Calculate rotation needed to go from constraint space to body1 local space
	Vec3 axis_z1 = inSettings.mAxisX1.Cross(inSettings.mAxisY1);
	Mat44 c_to_b1(Vec4(inSettings.mAxisX1, 0), Vec4(inSettings.mAxisY1, 0), Vec4(axis_z1, 0), Vec4(0, 0, 0, 1));
	mConstraintToBody1 = c_to_b1.GetQuaternion();

	// Calculate rotation needed to go from constraint space to body2 local space
	Vec3 axis_z2 = inSettings.mAxisX2.Cross(inSettings.mAxisY2);
	Mat44 c_to_b2(Vec4(inSettings.mAxisX2, 0), Vec4(inSettings.mAxisY2, 0), Vec4(axis_z2, 0), Vec4(0, 0, 0, 1));
	mConstraintToBody2 = c_to_b2.GetQuaternion();

	if (inSettings.mSpace == EConstraintSpace::WorldSpace)
	{
		// If all properties were specified in world space, take them to local space now
		mLocalSpacePosition1 = inBody1.GetInverseCenterOfMassTransform() * mLocalSpacePosition1;
		mConstraintToBody1 = inBody1.GetRotation().Conjugated() * mConstraintToBody1;

		mLocalSpacePosition2 = inBody2.GetInverseCenterOfMassTransform() * mLocalSpacePosition2;
		mConstraintToBody2 = inBody2.GetRotation().Conjugated() * mConstraintToBody2;
	}

	// Cache which axis are fixed and which ones are free
	mFreeAxis = 0;
	mFixedAxis = 0;
	for (int a = 0; a < EAxis::Num; ++a)
	{
		if (inSettings.IsFixedAxis((EAxis)a))
			mFixedAxis |= 1 << a;

		if (inSettings.IsFreeAxis((EAxis)a))
			mFreeAxis |= 1 << a;
	}

	// Copy translation and rotation limits
	memcpy(mLimitMin, inSettings.mLimitMin, sizeof(mLimitMin)); 
	memcpy(mLimitMax, inSettings.mLimitMax, sizeof(mLimitMax)); 
	UpdateRotationLimits();

	// Store friction settings
	memcpy(mMaxFriction, inSettings.mMaxFriction, sizeof(mMaxFriction));

	// Store motor settings
	for (int i = 0; i < EAxis::Num; ++i)
		mMotorSettings[i] = inSettings.mMotorSettings[i];

	// Cache if motors are active (motors are off initially, but we may have friction)
	CacheTranslationMotorActive();
	CacheRotationMotorActive();
}

void SixDOFConstraint::SetTranslationLimits(Vec3Arg inLimitMin, Vec3Arg inLimitMax)
{
	mLimitMin[EAxis::TranslationX] = inLimitMin.GetX();
	mLimitMin[EAxis::TranslationY] = inLimitMin.GetY();
	mLimitMin[EAxis::TranslationZ] = inLimitMin.GetZ();
	mLimitMax[EAxis::TranslationX] = inLimitMax.GetX();
	mLimitMax[EAxis::TranslationY] = inLimitMax.GetY();
	mLimitMax[EAxis::TranslationZ] = inLimitMax.GetZ();
}

void SixDOFConstraint::SetRotationLimits(Vec3Arg inLimitMin, Vec3Arg inLimitMax)
{
	mLimitMin[EAxis::RotationX] = inLimitMin.GetX();
	mLimitMin[EAxis::RotationY] = inLimitMin.GetY();
	mLimitMin[EAxis::RotationZ] = inLimitMin.GetZ();
	mLimitMax[EAxis::RotationX] = inLimitMax.GetX();
	mLimitMax[EAxis::RotationY] = inLimitMax.GetY();
	mLimitMax[EAxis::RotationZ] = inLimitMax.GetZ();

	UpdateRotationLimits();
}

void SixDOFConstraint::SetMaxFriction(EAxis inAxis, float inFriction)
{ 
	mMaxFriction[inAxis] = inFriction; 
	
	if (inAxis >= EAxis::TranslationX && inAxis <= EAxis::TranslationZ) 
		CacheTranslationMotorActive(); 
	else 
		CacheRotationMotorActive(); 
}

void SixDOFConstraint::GetPositionConstraintProperties(Vec3 &outR1PlusU, Vec3 &outR2, Vec3 &outU) const
{
	Vec3 p1 = mBody1->GetCenterOfMassTransform() * mLocalSpacePosition1;
	Vec3 p2 = mBody2->GetCenterOfMassTransform() * mLocalSpacePosition2;
	outR1PlusU = p2 - mBody1->GetCenterOfMassPosition(); // r1 + u = (p1 - x1) + (p2 - p1) = p2 - x1
	outR2 = p2 - mBody2->GetCenterOfMassPosition();
	outU = p2 - p1;
}

Quat SixDOFConstraint::GetRotationInConstraintSpace() const
{
	// Let b1, b2 be the center of mass transform of body1 and body2 (For body1 this is mBody1->GetCenterOfMassTransform())
	// Let c1, c2 be the transform that takes a vector from constraint space to local space of body1 and body2 (For body1 this is Mat44::sRotationTranslation(mConstraintToBody1, mLocalSpacePosition1))
	// Let q be the rotation of the constraint in constraint space
	// b2 takes a vector from the local space of body2 to world space
	// To express this in terms of b1: b2 = b1 * c1 * q * c2^-1
	// c2^-1 goes from local body 2 space to constraint space
	// q rotates the constraint
	// c1 goes from constraint space to body 1 local space
	// b1 goes from body 1 local space to world space
	// So when the body rotations are given, q = (b1 * c1)^-1 * b2 c2
	// Or: q = (q1 * c1)^-1 * (q2 * c2) if we're only interested in rotations
	return (mBody1->GetRotation() * mConstraintToBody1).Conjugated() * mBody2->GetRotation() * mConstraintToBody2;
}

void SixDOFConstraint::CacheTranslationMotorActive()
{
	mTranslationMotorActive = mMotorState[EAxis::TranslationX] != EMotorState::Off 
		|| mMotorState[EAxis::TranslationY] != EMotorState::Off 
		|| mMotorState[EAxis::TranslationZ] != EMotorState::Off
		|| HasFriction(EAxis::TranslationX)
		|| HasFriction(EAxis::TranslationY)
		|| HasFriction(EAxis::TranslationZ);
}

void SixDOFConstraint::CacheRotationMotorActive()
{
	mRotationMotorActive = mMotorState[EAxis::RotationX] != EMotorState::Off 
		|| mMotorState[EAxis::RotationY] != EMotorState::Off 
		|| mMotorState[EAxis::RotationZ] != EMotorState::Off
		|| HasFriction(EAxis::RotationX)
		|| HasFriction(EAxis::RotationY)
		|| HasFriction(EAxis::RotationZ);
}

void SixDOFConstraint::SetMotorState(EAxis inAxis, EMotorState inState)
{
	JPH_ASSERT(inState == EMotorState::Off || mMotorSettings[inAxis].IsValid());

	if (mMotorState[inAxis] != inState)
	{
		mMotorState[inAxis] = inState;

		// Ensure that warm starting next frame doesn't apply any impulses (motor parts are repurposed for different modes)
		if (inAxis >= EAxis::TranslationX && inAxis <= EAxis::TranslationZ)
		{
			mMotorTranslationConstraintPart[inAxis - EAxis::TranslationX].Deactivate();

			CacheTranslationMotorActive();
		}
		else
		{
			JPH_ASSERT(inAxis >= EAxis::RotationX && inAxis <= EAxis::RotationZ);

			mMotorRotationConstraintPart[inAxis - EAxis::RotationX].Deactivate();

			CacheRotationMotorActive();

			mRotationPositionMotorActive = 0;
			for (int i = 0; i < 3; ++i)
				if (mMotorState[EAxis::RotationX + i] == EMotorState::Position)
					mRotationPositionMotorActive |= 1 << i;
		}
	}
}

void SixDOFConstraint::SetTargetOrientationCS(QuatArg inOrientation)		
{ 
	Quat q_swing, q_twist;
	inOrientation.GetSwingTwist(q_swing, q_twist);

	bool twist_clamped, swing_y_clamped, swing_z_clamped;
	mSwingTwistConstraintPart.ClampSwingTwist(q_swing, swing_y_clamped, swing_z_clamped, q_twist, twist_clamped);

	if (twist_clamped || swing_y_clamped || swing_z_clamped)
		mTargetOrientation = q_swing * q_twist;
	else
		mTargetOrientation = inOrientation; 
}

void SixDOFConstraint::SetupVelocityConstraint(float inDeltaTime)
{
	// Get body rotations
	Quat rotation1 = mBody1->GetRotation();
	Quat rotation2 = mBody2->GetRotation();

	// Quaternion that rotates from body1's constraint space to world space
	Quat constraint_body1_to_world = rotation1 * mConstraintToBody1;

	// Store world space axis of constraint space
	Mat44 translation_axis_mat = Mat44::sRotation(constraint_body1_to_world);
	for (int i = 0; i < 3; ++i)
		mTranslationAxis[i] = translation_axis_mat.GetColumn3(i);
	
	if (IsTranslationFullyConstrained())
	{
		// All translation locked: Setup point constraint
		mPointConstraintPart.CalculateConstraintProperties(*mBody1, Mat44::sRotation(rotation1), mLocalSpacePosition1, *mBody2, Mat44::sRotation(rotation2), mLocalSpacePosition2);
	}
	else if (IsTranslationConstrained() || mTranslationMotorActive)
	{
		// Update world space positions (the bodies may have moved)
		Vec3 r1_plus_u, r2, u;
		GetPositionConstraintProperties(r1_plus_u, r2, u);
		
		// Setup axis constraint parts
		for (int i = 0; i < 3; ++i)
		{
			EAxis axis = EAxis(EAxis::TranslationX + i);

			Vec3 translation_axis = mTranslationAxis[i];

			// Setup limit constraint
			bool constraint_active = false;
			if (IsAxisFixed(axis))
			{
				// When constraint is fixed it is always active
				constraint_active = true;
			}
			else if (!IsAxisFree(axis))
			{
				// When constraint is limited, it is only active when outside of the allowed range
				float d = translation_axis.Dot(u);
				constraint_active = d <= mLimitMin[i] || d >= mLimitMax[i];
				mDisplacement[i] = d; // Store for SolveVelocityConstraint
			}

			if (constraint_active)
				mTranslationConstraintPart[i].CalculateConstraintProperties(inDeltaTime, *mBody1, r1_plus_u, *mBody2, r2, translation_axis);
			else
				mTranslationConstraintPart[i].Deactivate();

			// Setup motor constraint
			switch (mMotorState[i])
			{
			case EMotorState::Off:
				if (HasFriction(axis))
					mMotorTranslationConstraintPart[i].CalculateConstraintProperties(inDeltaTime, *mBody1, r1_plus_u, *mBody2, r2, translation_axis);
				else
					mMotorTranslationConstraintPart[i].Deactivate();
				break;

			case EMotorState::Velocity:
				mMotorTranslationConstraintPart[i].CalculateConstraintProperties(inDeltaTime, *mBody1, r1_plus_u, *mBody2, r2, translation_axis, -mTargetVelocity[i]);
				break;

			case EMotorState::Position:
				mMotorTranslationConstraintPart[i].CalculateConstraintProperties(inDeltaTime, *mBody1, r1_plus_u, *mBody2, r2, translation_axis, 0.0f, translation_axis.Dot(u) - mTargetPosition[i], mMotorSettings[i].mFrequency, mMotorSettings[i].mDamping);
				break;
			}
		}
	}

	// Setup rotation constraints
	if (IsRotationFullyConstrained())
	{
		// All rotation locked: Setup rotation contraint
		mRotationConstraintPart.CalculateConstraintProperties(*mBody1, Mat44::sRotation(mBody1->GetRotation()), *mBody2, Mat44::sRotation(mBody2->GetRotation()));
	}
	else if (IsRotationConstrained() || mRotationMotorActive)
	{
		// GetRotationInConstraintSpace without redoing the calculation of constraint_body1_to_world
		Quat constraint_body2_to_world = mBody2->GetRotation() * mConstraintToBody2;
		Quat q = constraint_body1_to_world.Conjugated() * constraint_body2_to_world;

		// Use swing twist constraint part
		if (IsRotationConstrained())
			mSwingTwistConstraintPart.CalculateConstraintProperties(inDeltaTime, *mBody1, *mBody2, q, constraint_body1_to_world);
		else
			mSwingTwistConstraintPart.Deactivate();

		if (mRotationMotorActive)
		{
			// Calculate rotation motor axis
			Mat44 ws_axis = Mat44::sRotation(constraint_body2_to_world);
			for (int i = 0; i < 3; ++i)
				mRotationAxis[i] = ws_axis.GetColumn3(i);

			// Get target orientation along the shortest path from q
			Quat target_orientation = q.Dot(mTargetOrientation) > 0.0f? mTargetOrientation : -mTargetOrientation;

			// The definition of the constraint rotation q:
			// R2 * ConstraintToBody2 = R1 * ConstraintToBody1 * q (1)
			//
			// R2' is the rotation of body 2 when reaching the target_orientation:
			// R2' * ConstraintToBody2 = R1 * ConstraintToBody1 * target_orientation (2)
			//
			// The difference in body 2 space:
			// R2' = R2 * diff_body2 (3)
			//
			// We want to specify the difference in the constraint space of body 2:
			// diff_body2 = ConstraintToBody2 * diff * ConstraintToBody2^* (4)
			//
			// Extracting R2' from 2: R2' = R1 * ConstraintToBody1 * target_orientation * ConstraintToBody2^* (5)
			// Combining 3 & 4: R2' = R2 * ConstraintToBody2 * diff * ConstraintToBody2^* (6)
			// Combining 1 & 6: R2' = R1 * ConstraintToBody1 * q * diff * ConstraintToBody2^* (7)
			// Combining 5 & 7: R1 * ConstraintToBody1 * target_orientation * ConstraintToBody2^* = R1 * ConstraintToBody1 * q * diff * ConstraintToBody2^*
			// <=> target_orientation = q * diff
			// <=> diff = q^* * target_orientation
			Quat diff = q.Conjugated() * target_orientation;

			// Project diff so that only rotation around axis that have a position motor are remaining
			Quat projected_diff;
			switch (mRotationPositionMotorActive)
			{
			case 0b001:
				// Keep only rotation around X
				projected_diff = diff.GetTwist(Vec3::sAxisX());
				break;

			case 0b010:
				// Keep only rotation around Y
				projected_diff = diff.GetTwist(Vec3::sAxisY());
				break;

			case 0b100:
				// Keep only rotation around Z
				projected_diff = diff.GetTwist(Vec3::sAxisZ());
				break;

			case 0b011:
				// Remove rotation around Z
				// q = swing_xy * twist_z <=> swing_xy = q * twist_z^*
				projected_diff = diff * diff.GetTwist(Vec3::sAxisZ()).Conjugated();
				break;

			case 0b101:
				// Remove rotation around Y
				// q = swing_xz * twist_y <=> swing_xz = q * twist_y^*
				projected_diff = diff * diff.GetTwist(Vec3::sAxisY()).Conjugated();
				break;

			case 0b110:
				// Remove rotation around X
				// q = swing_yz * twist_x <=> swing_yz = q * twist_x^*
				projected_diff = diff * diff.GetTwist(Vec3::sAxisX()).Conjugated();
				break;

			case 0b111:
			default: // All motors off is handled here but the results are unused
				// Keep entire rotation
				projected_diff = diff;
				break;
			}
			
			// Approximate error angles
			// The imaginary part of a quaternion is rotation_axis * sin(angle / 2)
			// If angle is small, sin(x) = x so angle[i] ~ 2.0f * rotation_axis[i]
			// We'll be making small time steps, so if the angle is not small at least the sign will be correct and we'll move in the right direction
			Vec3 rotation_error = -2.0f * projected_diff.GetXYZ();
						
			// Setup motors
			for (int i = 0; i < 3; ++i)
			{
				EAxis axis = EAxis(EAxis::RotationX + i);

				Vec3 rotation_axis = mRotationAxis[i];

				switch (mMotorState[axis])
				{
				case EMotorState::Off:
					if (HasFriction(axis))
						mMotorRotationConstraintPart[i].CalculateConstraintProperties(inDeltaTime, *mBody1, *mBody2, rotation_axis);
					else
						mMotorRotationConstraintPart[i].Deactivate();
					break;

				case EMotorState::Velocity:
					mMotorRotationConstraintPart[i].CalculateConstraintProperties(inDeltaTime, *mBody1, *mBody2, rotation_axis, -mTargetAngularVelocity[i]);
					break;

				case EMotorState::Position:
					mMotorRotationConstraintPart[i].CalculateConstraintProperties(inDeltaTime, *mBody1, *mBody2, rotation_axis, 0.0f, rotation_error[i], mMotorSettings[axis].mFrequency, mMotorSettings[axis].mDamping);
					break;
				}	
			}
		}
	}
}

void SixDOFConstraint::WarmStartVelocityConstraint(float inWarmStartImpulseRatio)
{
	// Warm start translation motors
	if (mTranslationMotorActive)
		for (int i = 0; i < 3; ++i)
			if (mMotorTranslationConstraintPart[i].IsActive())
				mMotorTranslationConstraintPart[i].WarmStart(*mBody1, *mBody2, mTranslationAxis[i], inWarmStartImpulseRatio);

	// Warm start rotation motors
	if (mRotationMotorActive)
		for (AngleConstraintPart &c : mMotorRotationConstraintPart)
			if (c.IsActive())
				c.WarmStart(*mBody1, *mBody2, inWarmStartImpulseRatio);

	// Warm start rotation constraints
	if (IsRotationFullyConstrained())
		mRotationConstraintPart.WarmStart(*mBody1, *mBody2, inWarmStartImpulseRatio);
	else if (IsRotationConstrained())
		mSwingTwistConstraintPart.WarmStart(*mBody1, *mBody2, inWarmStartImpulseRatio);

	// Warm start translation constraints
	if (IsTranslationFullyConstrained())
		mPointConstraintPart.WarmStart(*mBody1, *mBody2, inWarmStartImpulseRatio);
	else if (IsTranslationConstrained())
		for (int i = 0; i < 3; ++i)
			if (mTranslationConstraintPart[i].IsActive())
				mTranslationConstraintPart[i].WarmStart(*mBody1, *mBody2, mTranslationAxis[i], inWarmStartImpulseRatio);
}

bool SixDOFConstraint::SolveVelocityConstraint(float inDeltaTime)
{
	bool impulse = false;
	
	// Solve translation motor
	if (mTranslationMotorActive)
		for (int i = 0; i < 3; ++i)
			if (mMotorTranslationConstraintPart[i].IsActive())
				switch (mMotorState[i])
				{
				case EMotorState::Off:
				{
					// Apply friction only
					float max_lambda = mMaxFriction[i] * inDeltaTime;
					impulse |= mMotorTranslationConstraintPart[i].SolveVelocityConstraint(*mBody1, *mBody2, mTranslationAxis[i], -max_lambda, max_lambda);
					break;
				}

				case EMotorState::Velocity:
				case EMotorState::Position:
					// Drive motor
					impulse |= mMotorTranslationConstraintPart[i].SolveVelocityConstraint(*mBody1, *mBody2, mTranslationAxis[i], inDeltaTime * mMotorSettings[i].mMinForceLimit, inDeltaTime * mMotorSettings[i].mMaxForceLimit);
					break;
				}

	// Solve rotation motor
	if (mRotationMotorActive)
		for (int i = 0; i < 3; ++i)
		{
			EAxis axis = EAxis(EAxis::RotationX + i);
			if (mMotorRotationConstraintPart[i].IsActive())
				switch (mMotorState[axis])
				{
				case EMotorState::Off:
				{
					// Apply friction only
					float max_lambda = mMaxFriction[axis] * inDeltaTime;
					impulse |= mMotorRotationConstraintPart[i].SolveVelocityConstraint(*mBody1, *mBody2, mRotationAxis[i], -max_lambda, max_lambda);
					break;
				}

				case EMotorState::Velocity:
				case EMotorState::Position:
					// Drive motor
					impulse |= mMotorRotationConstraintPart[i].SolveVelocityConstraint(*mBody1, *mBody2, mRotationAxis[i], inDeltaTime * mMotorSettings[axis].mMinTorqueLimit, inDeltaTime * mMotorSettings[axis].mMaxTorqueLimit);
					break;
				}
		}

	// Solve rotation constraint
	if (IsRotationFullyConstrained())
		impulse |= mRotationConstraintPart.SolveVelocityConstraint(*mBody1, *mBody2);
	else if (IsRotationConstrained())
		impulse |= mSwingTwistConstraintPart.SolveVelocityConstraint(*mBody1, *mBody2);

	// Solve position constraint
	if (IsTranslationFullyConstrained())
		impulse |= mPointConstraintPart.SolveVelocityConstraint(*mBody1, *mBody2);
	else if (IsTranslationConstrained())
		for (int i = 0; i < 3; ++i)
			if (mTranslationConstraintPart[i].IsActive())
			{
				// If the axis is not fixed it must be limited (or else the constraint would not be active)
				// Calculate the min and max constraint force based on on which side we're limited
				float limit_min = -FLT_MAX, limit_max = FLT_MAX;
				if (!IsAxisFixed(EAxis(EAxis::TranslationX + i)))
				{
					JPH_ASSERT(!IsAxisFree(EAxis(EAxis::TranslationX + i)));
					if (mDisplacement[i] <= mLimitMin[i])
						limit_min = 0;
					else if (mDisplacement[i] >= mLimitMax[i])
						limit_max = 0;
				}

				impulse |= mTranslationConstraintPart[i].SolveVelocityConstraint(*mBody1, *mBody2, mTranslationAxis[i], limit_min, limit_max);
			}

	return impulse;
}

bool SixDOFConstraint::SolvePositionConstraint(float inDeltaTime, float inBaumgarte)
{
	bool impulse = false;

	if (IsRotationFullyConstrained())
	{
		// Rotation locked: Solve rotation constraint

		// Inverse of initial rotation from body 1 to body 2 in body 1 space
		// Definition of initial orientation r0: q2 = q1 r0
		// Initial rotation (see: GetRotationInConstraintSpace): q2 = q1 c1 c2^-1
		// So: r0^-1 = (c1 c2^-1)^-1 = c2 * c1^-1
		Quat inv_initial_orientation = mConstraintToBody2 * mConstraintToBody1.Conjugated();

		// Solve rotation violations
		mRotationConstraintPart.CalculateConstraintProperties(*mBody1, Mat44::sRotation(mBody1->GetRotation()), *mBody2, Mat44::sRotation(mBody2->GetRotation()));
		impulse |= mRotationConstraintPart.SolvePositionConstraint(*mBody1, *mBody2, inv_initial_orientation, inBaumgarte);
	}
	else if (IsRotationConstrained())
	{
		// Rotation partially constraint

		// Solve rotation violations
		Quat q = GetRotationInConstraintSpace();
		impulse |= mSwingTwistConstraintPart.SolvePositionConstraint(*mBody1, *mBody2, q, mConstraintToBody1, mConstraintToBody2, inBaumgarte);
	}

	// Solve position violations
	if (IsTranslationFullyConstrained())
	{
		// Translation locked: Solve point constraint
		mPointConstraintPart.CalculateConstraintProperties(*mBody1, Mat44::sRotation(mBody1->GetRotation()), mLocalSpacePosition1, *mBody2, Mat44::sRotation(mBody2->GetRotation()), mLocalSpacePosition2);
		impulse |= mPointConstraintPart.SolvePositionConstraint(*mBody1, *mBody2, inBaumgarte);
	}
	else if (IsTranslationConstrained())
	{
		// Translation partially locked: Solve per axis
		for (int i = 0; i < 3; ++i)
		{
			// Update world space positions (the bodies may have moved)
			Vec3 r1_plus_u, r2, u;
			GetPositionConstraintProperties(r1_plus_u, r2, u);

			// Quaternion that rotates from body1's constraint space to world space
			Quat constraint_body1_to_world = mBody1->GetRotation() * mConstraintToBody1;

			// Calculate axis
			Vec3 translation_axis;
			switch (i)
			{
			case 0:							translation_axis = constraint_body1_to_world.RotateAxisX(); break;
			case 1:							translation_axis = constraint_body1_to_world.RotateAxisY(); break;
			default:	JPH_ASSERT(i == 2); translation_axis = constraint_body1_to_world.RotateAxisZ(); break;
			}

			// Determine position error
			float error = 0.0f;
			EAxis axis(EAxis(EAxis::TranslationX + i));
			if (IsAxisFixed(axis))
				error = u.Dot(translation_axis);
			else if (!IsAxisFree(axis))
			{
				float displacement = u.Dot(translation_axis);
				if (displacement <= mLimitMin[axis])
					error = displacement - mLimitMin[axis];
				else if (displacement >= mLimitMax[axis])
					error = displacement - mLimitMax[axis];
			}

			if (error != 0.0f)
			{
				// Setup axis constraint part and solve it
				mTranslationConstraintPart[i].CalculateConstraintProperties(inDeltaTime, *mBody1, r1_plus_u, *mBody2, r2, translation_axis);
				impulse |= mTranslationConstraintPart[i].SolvePositionConstraint(*mBody1, *mBody2, translation_axis, error, inBaumgarte);
			}
		}
	}

	return impulse;
}

#ifdef JPH_DEBUG_RENDERER
void SixDOFConstraint::DrawConstraint(DebugRenderer *inRenderer) const
{
	// Get constraint properties in world space
	Vec3 position1 = mBody1->GetCenterOfMassTransform() * mLocalSpacePosition1;
	Quat rotation1 = mBody1->GetRotation() * mConstraintToBody1;
	Quat rotation2 = mBody2->GetRotation() * mConstraintToBody2;

	// Draw constraint orientation
	inRenderer->DrawCoordinateSystem(Mat44::sRotationTranslation(rotation1, position1), mDrawConstraintSize);

	if ((IsRotationConstrained() || mRotationPositionMotorActive != 0) && !IsRotationFullyConstrained())
	{
		// Draw current swing and twist	
		Quat q = GetRotationInConstraintSpace();
		Quat q_swing, q_twist;
		q.GetSwingTwist(q_swing, q_twist);
		inRenderer->DrawLine(position1, position1 + mDrawConstraintSize * (rotation1 * q_twist).RotateAxisY(), Color::sWhite);
		inRenderer->DrawLine(position1, position1 + mDrawConstraintSize * (rotation1 * q_swing).RotateAxisX(), Color::sWhite);
	}

	// Draw target rotation
	Quat m_swing, m_twist;
	mTargetOrientation.GetSwingTwist(m_swing, m_twist);
	if (mMotorState[EAxis::RotationX] == EMotorState::Position)
		inRenderer->DrawLine(position1, position1 + mDrawConstraintSize * (rotation1 * m_twist).RotateAxisY(), Color::sYellow);
	if (mMotorState[EAxis::RotationY] == EMotorState::Position || mMotorState[EAxis::RotationZ] == EMotorState::Position)
		inRenderer->DrawLine(position1, position1 + mDrawConstraintSize * (rotation1 * m_swing).RotateAxisX(), Color::sYellow);

	// Draw target angular velocity
	Vec3 target_angular_velocity = Vec3::sZero();
	for (int i = 0; i < 3; ++i)
		if (mMotorState[EAxis::RotationX + i] == EMotorState::Velocity)
			target_angular_velocity.SetComponent(i, mTargetAngularVelocity[i]);
	if (target_angular_velocity != Vec3::sZero())
		inRenderer->DrawArrow(position1, position1 + rotation2 * target_angular_velocity, Color::sRed, 0.1f);
}

void SixDOFConstraint::DrawConstraintLimits(DebugRenderer *inRenderer) const
{
	// Get matrix that transforms from constraint space to world space
	Mat44 constraint_body1_to_world = Mat44::sRotationTranslation(mBody1->GetRotation() * mConstraintToBody1, mBody1->GetCenterOfMassTransform() * mLocalSpacePosition1);

	// Draw limits
	inRenderer->DrawSwingLimits(constraint_body1_to_world, mLimitMax[EAxis::RotationY], mLimitMax[EAxis::RotationZ], mDrawConstraintSize, Color::sGreen, DebugRenderer::ECastShadow::Off);
	inRenderer->DrawPie(constraint_body1_to_world.GetTranslation(), mDrawConstraintSize, constraint_body1_to_world.GetAxisX(), constraint_body1_to_world.GetAxisY(), mLimitMin[EAxis::RotationX], mLimitMax[EAxis::RotationX], Color::sPurple, DebugRenderer::ECastShadow::Off);
}
#endif // JPH_DEBUG_RENDERER

void SixDOFConstraint::SaveState(StateRecorder &inStream) const
{
	TwoBodyConstraint::SaveState(inStream);

	for (const AxisConstraintPart &c : mTranslationConstraintPart)
		c.SaveState(inStream);
	mPointConstraintPart.SaveState(inStream);
	mSwingTwistConstraintPart.SaveState(inStream);
	mRotationConstraintPart.SaveState(inStream);
	for (const AxisConstraintPart &c : mMotorTranslationConstraintPart)
		c.SaveState(inStream);
	for (const AngleConstraintPart &c : mMotorRotationConstraintPart)
		c.SaveState(inStream);

	inStream.Write(mMotorState);
	inStream.Write(mTargetVelocity);
	inStream.Write(mTargetAngularVelocity);
	inStream.Write(mTargetPosition);
	inStream.Write(mTargetOrientation);
}

void SixDOFConstraint::RestoreState(StateRecorder &inStream)
{
	TwoBodyConstraint::RestoreState(inStream);

	for (AxisConstraintPart &c : mTranslationConstraintPart)
		c.RestoreState(inStream);
	mPointConstraintPart.RestoreState(inStream);
	mSwingTwistConstraintPart.RestoreState(inStream);
	mRotationConstraintPart.RestoreState(inStream);
	for (AxisConstraintPart &c : mMotorTranslationConstraintPart)
		c.RestoreState(inStream);
	for (AngleConstraintPart &c : mMotorRotationConstraintPart)
		c.RestoreState(inStream);

	inStream.Read(mMotorState);
	inStream.Read(mTargetVelocity);
	inStream.Read(mTargetAngularVelocity);
	inStream.Read(mTargetPosition);
	inStream.Read(mTargetOrientation);
}

Ref<ConstraintSettings> SixDOFConstraint::GetConstraintSettings() const
{
	SixDOFConstraintSettings *settings = new SixDOFConstraintSettings;
	ToConstraintSettings(*settings);
	settings->mSpace = EConstraintSpace::LocalToBodyCOM;
	settings->mPosition1 = mLocalSpacePosition1;
	settings->mAxisX1 = mConstraintToBody1.RotateAxisX();
	settings->mAxisY1 = mConstraintToBody1.RotateAxisY();
	settings->mPosition2 = mLocalSpacePosition2;
	settings->mAxisX2 = mConstraintToBody2.RotateAxisX();
	settings->mAxisY2 = mConstraintToBody2.RotateAxisY();
	memcpy(settings->mLimitMin, mLimitMin, sizeof(mLimitMin)); 
	memcpy(settings->mLimitMax, mLimitMax, sizeof(mLimitMax)); 
	memcpy(settings->mMaxFriction, mMaxFriction, sizeof(mMaxFriction));
	for (int i = 0; i < EAxis::Num; ++i)
		settings->mMotorSettings[i] = mMotorSettings[i];
	return settings;
}

JPH_NAMESPACE_END