Standard-of-Iron/render/ground/biome_renderer.cpp

#include "biome_renderer.h"
#include "../../game/systems/building_collision_registry.h"
#include "../gl/buffer.h"
#include "../gl/render_constants.h"
#include "../scene_renderer.h"
#include "gl/resources.h"
#include "ground/grass_gpu.h"
#include "ground_utils.h"
#include "map/terrain.h"
#include <QDebug>
#include <QElapsedTimer>
#include <QVector2D>
#include <algorithm>
#include <cmath>
#include <cstddef>
#include <cstdint>
#include <memory>
#include <optional>
#include <qelapsedtimer.h>
#include <qglobal.h>
#include <qvectornd.h>
#include <vector>

namespace {

using std::uint32_t;
using namespace Render::Ground;
using namespace Render::GL::Geometry;

inline auto valueNoise(float x, float z, uint32_t salt = 0U) -> float {
  int const x0 = int(std::floor(x));
  int const z0 = int(std::floor(z));
  int const x1 = x0 + 1;
  int const z1 = z0 + 1;
  float const tx = x - float(x0);
  float const tz = z - float(z0);
  float const n00 = hash_to_01(hash_coords(x0, z0, salt));
  float const n10 = hash_to_01(hash_coords(x1, z0, salt));
  float const n01 = hash_to_01(hash_coords(x0, z1, salt));
  float const n11 = hash_to_01(hash_coords(x1, z1, salt));
  float const nx0 = n00 * (1 - tx) + n10 * tx;
  float const nx1 = n01 * (1 - tx) + n11 * tx;
  return nx0 * (1 - tz) + nx1 * tz;
}

inline auto sectionFor(Game::Map::TerrainType type) -> int {
  switch (type) {
  case Game::Map::TerrainType::Mountain:
    return 2;
  case Game::Map::TerrainType::Hill:
    return 1;
  case Game::Map::TerrainType::Flat:
  default:
    return 0;
  }
}

} // namespace

namespace Render::GL {

BiomeRenderer::BiomeRenderer() = default;
BiomeRenderer::~BiomeRenderer() = default;

void BiomeRenderer::configure(const Game::Map::TerrainHeightMap &height_map,
                              const Game::Map::BiomeSettings &biomeSettings) {
  m_width = height_map.getWidth();
  m_height = height_map.getHeight();
  m_tile_size = height_map.getTileSize();
  m_heightData = height_map.getHeightData();
  m_terrain_types = height_map.getTerrainTypes();
  m_biomeSettings = biomeSettings;
  m_noiseSeed = biomeSettings.seed;

  m_grassInstances.clear();
  m_grassInstanceBuffer.reset();
  m_grassInstanceCount = 0;
  m_grassInstancesDirty = false;

  m_grassParams.soilColor = m_biomeSettings.soilColor;
  m_grassParams.windStrength = m_biomeSettings.sway_strength;
  m_grassParams.windSpeed = m_biomeSettings.sway_speed;
  m_grassParams.light_direction = QVector3D(0.35F, 0.8F, 0.45F);
  m_grassParams.time = 0.0F;

  generateGrassInstances();
}

void BiomeRenderer::submit(Renderer &renderer, ResourceManager *resources) {
  Q_UNUSED(resources);
  if (m_grassInstanceCount > 0) {
    if (!m_grassInstanceBuffer) {
      m_grassInstanceBuffer = std::make_unique<Buffer>(Buffer::Type::Vertex);
    }
    if (m_grassInstancesDirty && m_grassInstanceBuffer) {
      m_grassInstanceBuffer->setData(m_grassInstances, Buffer::Usage::Static);
      m_grassInstancesDirty = false;
    }
  } else {
    m_grassInstanceBuffer.reset();
    return;
  }

  if (m_grassInstanceBuffer && m_grassInstanceCount > 0) {
    GrassBatchParams params = m_grassParams;
    params.time = renderer.getAnimationTime();
    renderer.grassBatch(m_grassInstanceBuffer.get(), m_grassInstanceCount,
                        params);
  }
}

void BiomeRenderer::clear() {
  m_grassInstances.clear();
  m_grassInstanceBuffer.reset();
  m_grassInstanceCount = 0;
  m_grassInstancesDirty = false;
}

void BiomeRenderer::refreshGrass() { generateGrassInstances(); }

void BiomeRenderer::generateGrassInstances() {
  QElapsedTimer timer;
  timer.start();

  m_grassInstances.clear();

  if (m_width < 2 || m_height < 2 || m_heightData.empty()) {
    m_grassInstanceCount = 0;
    m_grassInstancesDirty = false;
    return;
  }

  if (m_biomeSettings.patchDensity < 0.01F) {
    m_grassInstanceCount = 0;
    m_grassInstancesDirty = false;
    return;
  }

  const float half_width = m_width * 0.5F - 0.5F;
  const float half_height = m_height * 0.5F - 0.5F;
  const float tile_safe = std::max(0.001F, m_tile_size);

  const float edge_padding =
      std::clamp(m_biomeSettings.spawnEdgePadding, 0.0F, 0.5F);
  const float edge_margin_x = static_cast<float>(m_width) * edge_padding;
  const float edge_margin_z = static_cast<float>(m_height) * edge_padding;

  std::vector<QVector3D> normals(static_cast<qsizetype>(m_width * m_height),
                                 QVector3D(0.0F, 1.0F, 0.0F));

  auto sample_height_at = [&](float gx, float gz) -> float {
    gx = std::clamp(gx, 0.0F, float(m_width - 1));
    gz = std::clamp(gz, 0.0F, float(m_height - 1));
    int const x0 = int(std::floor(gx));
    int const z0 = int(std::floor(gz));
    int const x1 = std::min(x0 + 1, m_width - 1);
    int const z1 = std::min(z0 + 1, m_height - 1);
    float const tx = gx - float(x0);
    float const tz = gz - float(z0);
    float const h00 = m_heightData[z0 * m_width + x0];
    float const h10 = m_heightData[z0 * m_width + x1];
    float const h01 = m_heightData[z1 * m_width + x0];
    float const h11 = m_heightData[z1 * m_width + x1];
    float const h0 = h00 * (1.0F - tx) + h10 * tx;
    float const h1 = h01 * (1.0F - tx) + h11 * tx;
    return h0 * (1.0F - tz) + h1 * tz;
  };

  for (int z = 0; z < m_height; ++z) {
    for (int x = 0; x < m_width; ++x) {
      int const idx = z * m_width + x;
      float const gx0 = std::clamp(float(x) - 1.0F, 0.0F, float(m_width - 1));
      float const gx1 = std::clamp(float(x) + 1.0F, 0.0F, float(m_width - 1));
      float const gz0 = std::clamp(float(z) - 1.0F, 0.0F, float(m_height - 1));
      float const gz1 = std::clamp(float(z) + 1.0F, 0.0F, float(m_height - 1));

      float const h_l = sample_height_at(gx0, float(z));
      float const h_r = sample_height_at(gx1, float(z));
      float const h_d = sample_height_at(float(x), gz0);
      float const h_u = sample_height_at(float(x), gz1);

      QVector3D const dx(2.0F * m_tile_size, h_r - h_l, 0.0F);
      QVector3D const dz(0.0F, h_u - h_d, 2.0F * m_tile_size);
      QVector3D n = QVector3D::crossProduct(dz, dx);
      if (n.lengthSquared() > 0.0F) {
        n.normalize();
      } else {
        n = QVector3D(0, 1, 0);
      }
      normals[idx] = n;
    }
  }

  auto add_grass_blade = [&](float gx, float gz, uint32_t &state) {
    if (gx < edge_margin_x || gx > m_width - 1 - edge_margin_x ||
        gz < edge_margin_z || gz > m_height - 1 - edge_margin_z) {
      return false;
    }

    float const sgx = std::clamp(gx, 0.0F, float(m_width - 1));
    float const sgz = std::clamp(gz, 0.0F, float(m_height - 1));

    int const ix = std::clamp(int(std::floor(sgx + 0.5F)), 0, m_width - 1);
    int const iz = std::clamp(int(std::floor(sgz + 0.5F)), 0, m_height - 1);
    int const normal_idx = iz * m_width + ix;

    if (m_terrain_types[normal_idx] == Game::Map::TerrainType::Mountain ||
        m_terrain_types[normal_idx] == Game::Map::TerrainType::Hill) {
      return false;
    }

    if (m_terrain_types[normal_idx] == Game::Map::TerrainType::River) {
      return false;
    }

    constexpr int k_river_margin = 1;
    int near_river_count = 0;
    for (int dz = -k_river_margin; dz <= k_river_margin; ++dz) {
      for (int dx = -k_river_margin; dx <= k_river_margin; ++dx) {
        if (dx == 0 && dz == 0) {
          continue;
        }
        int const nx = ix + dx;
        int const nz = iz + dz;
        if (nx >= 0 && nx < m_width && nz >= 0 && nz < m_height) {
          int const n_idx = nz * m_width + nx;
          if (m_terrain_types[n_idx] == Game::Map::TerrainType::River) {
            near_river_count++;
          }
        }
      }
    }

    if (near_river_count > 0) {

      float const riverbank_density = 0.15F;
      if (rand_01(state) > riverbank_density) {
        return false;
      }
    }

    QVector3D const normal = normals[normal_idx];
    float const slope = 1.0F - std::clamp(normal.y(), 0.0F, 1.0F);
    if (slope > 0.92F) {
      return false;
    }

    float const world_x = (gx - half_width) * m_tile_size;
    float const world_z = (gz - half_height) * m_tile_size;
    float const world_y = sample_height_at(sgx, sgz);

    auto &building_registry =
        Game::Systems::BuildingCollisionRegistry::instance();
    if (building_registry.isPointInBuilding(world_x, world_z)) {
      return false;
    }

    float const lush_noise =
        valueNoise(world_x * 0.06F, world_z * 0.06F, m_noiseSeed ^ 0x9235U);
    float const dryness_noise =
        valueNoise(world_x * 0.12F, world_z * 0.12F, m_noiseSeed ^ 0x47d2U);
    float const dryness =
        std::clamp(dryness_noise * 0.6F + slope * 0.4F, 0.0F, 1.0F);
    QVector3D const lush_mix =
        m_biomeSettings.grassPrimary * (1.0F - lush_noise) +
        m_biomeSettings.grassSecondary * lush_noise;
    QVector3D const color =
        lush_mix * (1.0F - dryness) + m_biomeSettings.grassDry * dryness;

    float const height = remap(rand_01(state), m_biomeSettings.bladeHeightMin,
                               m_biomeSettings.bladeHeightMax) *
                         tile_safe * 0.5F;
    float const width = remap(rand_01(state), m_biomeSettings.bladeWidthMin,
                              m_biomeSettings.bladeWidthMax) *
                        tile_safe;

    float const sway_strength = remap(rand_01(state), 0.75F, 1.25F);
    float const sway_speed = remap(rand_01(state), 0.85F, 1.15F);
    float const sway_phase = rand_01(state) * MathConstants::k_two_pi;
    float const orientation = rand_01(state) * MathConstants::k_two_pi;

    GrassInstanceGpu instance;
    instance.posHeight = QVector4D(world_x, world_y, world_z, height);
    instance.colorWidth = QVector4D(color.x(), color.y(), color.z(), width);
    instance.swayParams =
        QVector4D(sway_strength, sway_speed, sway_phase, orientation);
    m_grassInstances.push_back(instance);
    return true;
  };

  auto quad_section = [&](Game::Map::TerrainType a, Game::Map::TerrainType b,
                          Game::Map::TerrainType c, Game::Map::TerrainType d) {
    int const priority_a = sectionFor(a);
    int const priority_b = sectionFor(b);
    int const priority_c = sectionFor(c);
    int const priority_d = sectionFor(d);
    int result = priority_a;
    result = std::max(result, priority_b);
    result = std::max(result, priority_c);
    result = std::max(result, priority_d);
    return result;
  };

  const int chunk_size = DefaultChunkSize;

  for (int chunk_z = 0; chunk_z < m_height - 1; chunk_z += chunk_size) {
    int const chunk_max_z = std::min(chunk_z + chunk_size, m_height - 1);
    for (int chunk_x = 0; chunk_x < m_width - 1; chunk_x += chunk_size) {
      int const chunk_max_x = std::min(chunk_x + chunk_size, m_width - 1);

      int flat_count = 0;
      int hill_count = 0;
      int mountain_count = 0;
      float chunk_height_sum = 0.0F;
      float chunk_slope_sum = 0.0F;
      int sample_count = 0;

      for (int z = chunk_z; z < chunk_max_z && z < m_height - 1; ++z) {
        for (int x = chunk_x; x < chunk_max_x && x < m_width - 1; ++x) {
          int const idx0 = z * m_width + x;
          int const idx1 = idx0 + 1;
          int const idx2 = (z + 1) * m_width + x;
          int const idx3 = idx2 + 1;

          if (m_terrain_types[idx0] == Game::Map::TerrainType::Mountain ||
              m_terrain_types[idx1] == Game::Map::TerrainType::Mountain ||
              m_terrain_types[idx2] == Game::Map::TerrainType::Mountain ||
              m_terrain_types[idx3] == Game::Map::TerrainType::Mountain ||
              m_terrain_types[idx0] == Game::Map::TerrainType::River ||
              m_terrain_types[idx1] == Game::Map::TerrainType::River ||
              m_terrain_types[idx2] == Game::Map::TerrainType::River ||
              m_terrain_types[idx3] == Game::Map::TerrainType::River) {
            mountain_count++;
          } else if (m_terrain_types[idx0] == Game::Map::TerrainType::Hill ||
                     m_terrain_types[idx1] == Game::Map::TerrainType::Hill ||
                     m_terrain_types[idx2] == Game::Map::TerrainType::Hill ||
                     m_terrain_types[idx3] == Game::Map::TerrainType::Hill) {
            hill_count++;
          } else {
            flat_count++;
          }

          float const quad_height = (m_heightData[idx0] + m_heightData[idx1] +
                                     m_heightData[idx2] + m_heightData[idx3]) *
                                    0.25F;
          chunk_height_sum += quad_height;

          float const n_y = (normals[idx0].y() + normals[idx1].y() +
                             normals[idx2].y() + normals[idx3].y()) *
                            0.25F;
          chunk_slope_sum += 1.0F - std::clamp(n_y, 0.0F, 1.0F);
          sample_count++;
        }
      }

      if (sample_count == 0) {
        continue;
      }

      const float usable_coverage =
          sample_count > 0
              ? float(flat_count + hill_count) / float(sample_count)
              : 0.0F;
      if (usable_coverage < 0.05F) {
        continue;
      }

      bool const is_primarily_flat = flat_count >= hill_count;

      float const avg_slope = chunk_slope_sum / float(sample_count);

      uint32_t state = hash_coords(chunk_x, chunk_z, m_noiseSeed ^ 0xC915872BU);
      float const slope_penalty =
          1.0F - std::clamp(avg_slope * 1.35F, 0.0F, 0.75F);

      float const type_bias = 1.0F;
      constexpr float k_cluster_boost = 1.35F;
      float const expected_clusters =
          std::max(0.0F, m_biomeSettings.patchDensity * k_cluster_boost *
                             slope_penalty * type_bias * usable_coverage);
      int cluster_count = static_cast<int>(std::floor(expected_clusters));
      float const frac = expected_clusters - float(cluster_count);
      if (rand_01(state) < frac) {
        cluster_count += 1;
      }

      if (cluster_count > 0) {
        auto chunk_span_x = float(chunk_max_x - chunk_x + 1);
        auto chunk_span_z = float(chunk_max_z - chunk_z + 1);
        float const scatter_base = std::max(0.25F, m_biomeSettings.patchJitter);

        auto pick_cluster_center =
            [&](uint32_t &rng) -> std::optional<QVector2D> {
          constexpr int k_max_attempts = 8;
          for (int attempt = 0; attempt < k_max_attempts; ++attempt) {
            float const candidate_gx =
                float(chunk_x) + rand_01(rng) * chunk_span_x;
            float const candidate_gz =
                float(chunk_z) + rand_01(rng) * chunk_span_z;

            int const cx =
                std::clamp(int(std::round(candidate_gx)), 0, m_width - 1);
            int const cz =
                std::clamp(int(std::round(candidate_gz)), 0, m_height - 1);
            int const center_idx = cz * m_width + cx;
            if (m_terrain_types[center_idx] ==
                    Game::Map::TerrainType::Mountain ||
                m_terrain_types[center_idx] == Game::Map::TerrainType::River) {
              continue;
            }

            QVector3D const center_normal = normals[center_idx];
            float const center_slope =
                1.0F - std::clamp(center_normal.y(), 0.0F, 1.0F);
            if (center_slope > 0.92F) {
              continue;
            }

            return QVector2D(candidate_gx, candidate_gz);
          }
          return std::nullopt;
        };

        for (int cluster = 0; cluster < cluster_count; ++cluster) {
          auto center = pick_cluster_center(state);
          if (!center) {
            continue;
          }

          float const center_gx = center->x();
          float const center_gz = center->y();

          int blades = 6 + static_cast<int>(rand_01(state) * 6.0F);
          blades = std::max(
              4, int(std::round(blades * (0.85F + 0.3F * rand_01(state)))));
          float const scatter_radius =
              (0.45F + 0.55F * rand_01(state)) * scatter_base * tile_safe;

          for (int blade = 0; blade < blades; ++blade) {
            float const angle = rand_01(state) * MathConstants::k_two_pi;
            float const radius = scatter_radius * std::sqrt(rand_01(state));
            float const gx = center_gx + std::cos(angle) * radius / tile_safe;
            float const gz = center_gz + std::sin(angle) * radius / tile_safe;
            add_grass_blade(gx, gz, state);
          }
        }
      }
    }
  }

  const float background_density =
      std::max(0.0F, m_biomeSettings.backgroundBladeDensity);
  if (background_density > 0.0F) {
    for (int z = 0; z < m_height; ++z) {
      for (int x = 0; x < m_width; ++x) {
        int const idx = z * m_width + x;

        if (m_terrain_types[idx] == Game::Map::TerrainType::Mountain ||
            m_terrain_types[idx] == Game::Map::TerrainType::Hill ||
            m_terrain_types[idx] == Game::Map::TerrainType::River) {
          continue;
        }

        QVector3D const normal = normals[idx];
        float const slope = 1.0F - std::clamp(normal.y(), 0.0F, 1.0F);
        if (slope > 0.95F) {
          continue;
        }

        uint32_t state = hash_coords(
            x, z, m_noiseSeed ^ 0x51bda7U ^ static_cast<uint32_t>(idx));
        int base_count = static_cast<int>(std::floor(background_density));
        float const frac = background_density - float(base_count);
        if (rand_01(state) < frac) {
          base_count += 1;
        }

        for (int i = 0; i < base_count; ++i) {
          float const gx = float(x) + rand_01(state);
          float const gz = float(z) + rand_01(state);
          add_grass_blade(gx, gz, state);
        }
      }
    }
  }

  m_grassInstanceCount = m_grassInstances.size();
  m_grassInstancesDirty = m_grassInstanceCount > 0;

  int debug_flat_count = 0;
  int debug_hill_count = 0;
  int debug_mountain_count = 0;
  for (const auto &type : m_terrain_types) {
    if (type == Game::Map::TerrainType::Flat) {
      debug_flat_count++;
    } else if (type == Game::Map::TerrainType::Hill) {
      debug_hill_count++;
    } else if (type == Game::Map::TerrainType::Mountain) {
      debug_mountain_count++;
    }
  }
}

} // namespace Render::GL