ZeroTierOne/node/Cluster.cpp

/*
 * ZeroTier One - Network Virtualization Everywhere
 * Copyright (C) 2011-2015  ZeroTier, Inc.
 *
 * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
 * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
 * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
 * (at your option) any later version.
 *
 * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
 * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
 * GNU General Public License for more details.
 *
 * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
 * along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 *
 * --
 *
 * ZeroTier may be used and distributed under the terms of the GPLv3, which
 * are available at: http://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl-3.0.html
 *
 * If you would like to embed ZeroTier into a commercial application or
 * redistribute it in a modified binary form, please contact ZeroTier Networks
 * LLC. Start here: http://www.zerotier.com/
 */

#ifdef ZT_ENABLE_CLUSTER

#include <stdint.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <math.h>

#include <algorithm>
#include <utility>

#include "../version.h"

#include "Cluster.hpp"
#include "RuntimeEnvironment.hpp"
#include "MulticastGroup.hpp"
#include "CertificateOfMembership.hpp"
#include "Salsa20.hpp"
#include "Poly1305.hpp"
#include "Identity.hpp"
#include "Topology.hpp"
#include "Packet.hpp"
#include "Switch.hpp"
#include "Node.hpp"

namespace ZeroTier {

static inline double _dist3d(int x1,int y1,int z1,int x2,int y2,int z2)
	throw()
{
	double dx = ((double)x2 - (double)x1);
	double dy = ((double)y2 - (double)y1);
	double dz = ((double)z2 - (double)z1);
	return sqrt((dx * dx) + (dy * dy) + (dz * dz));
}

Cluster::Cluster(
	const RuntimeEnvironment *renv,
	uint16_t id,
	const std::vector<InetAddress> &zeroTierPhysicalEndpoints,
	int32_t x,
	int32_t y,
	int32_t z,
	void (*sendFunction)(void *,unsigned int,const void *,unsigned int),
	void *sendFunctionArg,
	int (*addressToLocationFunction)(void *,const struct sockaddr_storage *,int *,int *,int *),
	void *addressToLocationFunctionArg) :
	RR(renv),
	_sendFunction(sendFunction),
	_sendFunctionArg(sendFunctionArg),
	_addressToLocationFunction(addressToLocationFunction),
	_addressToLocationFunctionArg(addressToLocationFunctionArg),
	_x(x),
	_y(y),
	_z(z),
	_id(id),
	_zeroTierPhysicalEndpoints(zeroTierPhysicalEndpoints),
	_members(new _Member[ZT_CLUSTER_MAX_MEMBERS]),
	_peerAffinities(65536),
	_lastCleanedPeerAffinities(0),
	_lastCheckedPeersForAnnounce(0)
{
	uint16_t stmp[ZT_SHA512_DIGEST_LEN / sizeof(uint16_t)];

	// Generate master secret by hashing the secret from our Identity key pair
	RR->identity.sha512PrivateKey(_masterSecret);

	// Generate our inbound message key, which is the master secret XORed with our ID and hashed twice
	memcpy(stmp,_masterSecret,sizeof(stmp));
	stmp[0] ^= Utils::hton(id);
	SHA512::hash(stmp,stmp,sizeof(stmp));
	SHA512::hash(stmp,stmp,sizeof(stmp));
	memcpy(_key,stmp,sizeof(_key));
	Utils::burn(stmp,sizeof(stmp));
}

Cluster::~Cluster()
{
	Utils::burn(_masterSecret,sizeof(_masterSecret));
	Utils::burn(_key,sizeof(_key));
	delete [] _members;
}

void Cluster::handleIncomingStateMessage(const void *msg,unsigned int len)
{
	Buffer<ZT_CLUSTER_MAX_MESSAGE_LENGTH> dmsg;
	{
		// FORMAT: <[16] iv><[8] MAC><... data>
		if ((len < 24)||(len > ZT_CLUSTER_MAX_MESSAGE_LENGTH))
			return;

		// 16-byte IV: first 8 bytes XORed with key, last 8 bytes used as Salsa20 64-bit IV
		char keytmp[32];
		memcpy(keytmp,_key,32);
		for(int i=0;i<8;++i)
			keytmp[i] ^= reinterpret_cast<const char *>(msg)[i];
		Salsa20 s20(keytmp,256,reinterpret_cast<const char *>(msg) + 8);
		Utils::burn(keytmp,sizeof(keytmp));

		// One-time-use Poly1305 key from first 32 bytes of Salsa20 keystream (as per DJB/NaCl "standard")
		char polykey[ZT_POLY1305_KEY_LEN];
		memset(polykey,0,sizeof(polykey));
		s20.encrypt12(polykey,polykey,sizeof(polykey));

		// Compute 16-byte MAC
		char mac[ZT_POLY1305_MAC_LEN];
		Poly1305::compute(mac,reinterpret_cast<const char *>(msg) + 24,len - 24,polykey);

		// Check first 8 bytes of MAC against 64-bit MAC in stream
		if (!Utils::secureEq(mac,reinterpret_cast<const char *>(msg) + 16,8))
			return;

		// Decrypt!
		dmsg.setSize(len - 24);
		s20.decrypt12(reinterpret_cast<const char *>(msg) + 24,const_cast<void *>(dmsg.data()),dmsg.size());
	}

	if (dmsg.size() < 4)
		return;
	const uint16_t fromMemberId = dmsg.at<uint16_t>(0);
	unsigned int ptr = 2;
	if (fromMemberId == _id) // sanity check: we don't talk to ourselves
		return;
	const uint16_t toMemberId = dmsg.at<uint16_t>(ptr);
	ptr += 2;
	if (toMemberId != _id) // sanity check: message not for us?
		return;

	{	// make sure sender is actually considered a member
		Mutex::Lock _l3(_memberIds_m);
		if (std::find(_memberIds.begin(),_memberIds.end(),fromMemberId) == _memberIds.end())
			return;
	}

	{
		_Member &m = _members[fromMemberId];
		Mutex::Lock mlck(m.lock);

		try {
			while (ptr < dmsg.size()) {
				const unsigned int mlen = dmsg.at<uint16_t>(ptr); ptr += 2;
				const unsigned int nextPtr = ptr + mlen;
				if (nextPtr > dmsg.size())
					break;

				int mtype = -1;
				try {
					switch((StateMessageType)(mtype = (int)dmsg[ptr++])) {
						default:
							break;

						case STATE_MESSAGE_ALIVE: {
							ptr += 7; // skip version stuff, not used yet
							m.x = dmsg.at<int32_t>(ptr); ptr += 4;
							m.y = dmsg.at<int32_t>(ptr); ptr += 4;
							m.z = dmsg.at<int32_t>(ptr); ptr += 4;
							ptr += 8; // skip local clock, not used
							m.load = dmsg.at<uint64_t>(ptr); ptr += 8;
							ptr += 8; // skip flags, unused
#ifdef ZT_TRACE
							std::string addrs;
#endif
							unsigned int physicalAddressCount = dmsg[ptr++];
							m.zeroTierPhysicalEndpoints.clear();
							for(unsigned int i=0;i<physicalAddressCount;++i) {
								m.zeroTierPhysicalEndpoints.push_back(InetAddress());
								ptr += m.zeroTierPhysicalEndpoints.back().deserialize(dmsg,ptr);
								if (!(m.zeroTierPhysicalEndpoints.back())) {
									m.zeroTierPhysicalEndpoints.pop_back();
								}
#ifdef ZT_TRACE
								else {
									if (addrs.length() > 0)
										addrs.push_back(',');
									addrs.append(m.zeroTierPhysicalEndpoints.back().toString());
								}
#endif
							}
#ifdef ZT_TRACE
							if ((RR->node->now() - m.lastReceivedAliveAnnouncement) >= ZT_CLUSTER_TIMEOUT) {
								TRACE("[%u] I'm alive! peers close to %d,%d,%d can be redirected to: %s",(unsigned int)fromMemberId,m.x,m.y,m.z,addrs.c_str());
							}
#endif
							m.lastReceivedAliveAnnouncement = RR->node->now();
						}	break;

						case STATE_MESSAGE_HAVE_PEER: {
							const uint64_t now = RR->node->now();
							Identity id;
							InetAddress physicalAddress;
							ptr += id.deserialize(dmsg,ptr);
							ptr += physicalAddress.deserialize(dmsg,ptr);
							if (id) {
								// Forget any paths that we have to this peer at its address
								if (physicalAddress) {
									SharedPtr<Peer> myPeerRecord(RR->topology->getPeerNoCache(id.address(),now));
									if (myPeerRecord)
										myPeerRecord->removePathByAddress(physicalAddress);
								}

								// Always save identity to update file time
								RR->topology->saveIdentity(id);

								// Set peer affinity to its new home
								{
									Mutex::Lock _l2(_peerAffinities_m);
									_PA &pa = _peerAffinities[id.address()];
									pa.ts = now;
									pa.mid = fromMemberId;
		 						}
		 						TRACE("[%u] has %s @ %s",(unsigned int)fromMemberId,id.address().toString().c_str(),physicalAddress.toString().c_str());
		 					}
						}	break;

						case STATE_MESSAGE_MULTICAST_LIKE: {
							const uint64_t nwid = dmsg.at<uint64_t>(ptr); ptr += 8;
							const Address address(dmsg.field(ptr,ZT_ADDRESS_LENGTH),ZT_ADDRESS_LENGTH); ptr += ZT_ADDRESS_LENGTH;
							const MAC mac(dmsg.field(ptr,6),6); ptr += 6;
							const uint32_t adi = dmsg.at<uint32_t>(ptr); ptr += 4;
							RR->mc->add(RR->node->now(),nwid,MulticastGroup(mac,adi),address);
							TRACE("[%u] %s likes %s/%.8x on %.16llx",(unsigned int)fromMemberId,address.toString().c_str(),mac.toString().c_str(),(unsigned int)adi,nwid);
						}	break;

						case STATE_MESSAGE_COM: {
							/* not currently used so not decoded yet
							CertificateOfMembership com;
							ptr += com.deserialize(dmsg,ptr);
							if (com) {
								TRACE("[%u] COM for %s on %.16llu rev %llu",(unsigned int)fromMemberId,com.issuedTo().toString().c_str(),com.networkId(),com.revision());
							}
							*/
						}	break;

						case STATE_MESSAGE_PROXY_UNITE: {
							const Address localPeerAddress(dmsg.field(ptr,ZT_ADDRESS_LENGTH),ZT_ADDRESS_LENGTH); ptr += ZT_ADDRESS_LENGTH;
							const Address remotePeerAddress(dmsg.field(ptr,ZT_ADDRESS_LENGTH),ZT_ADDRESS_LENGTH); ptr += ZT_ADDRESS_LENGTH;
							const unsigned int numRemotePeerPaths = dmsg[ptr++];
							InetAddress remotePeerPaths[256]; // size is 8-bit, so 256 is max
							for(unsigned int i=0;i<numRemotePeerPaths;++i)
								ptr += remotePeerPaths[i].deserialize(dmsg,ptr);

							TRACE("[%u] requested that we unite local %s with remote %s",(unsigned int)fromMemberId,localPeerAddress.toString().c_str(),remotePeerAddress.toString().c_str());

							const uint64_t now = RR->node->now();
							SharedPtr<Peer> localPeer(RR->topology->getPeerNoCache(localPeerAddress,now));
							if ((localPeer)&&(numRemotePeerPaths > 0)) {
								InetAddress bestLocalV4,bestLocalV6;
								localPeer->getBestActiveAddresses(now,bestLocalV4,bestLocalV6);

								InetAddress bestRemoteV4,bestRemoteV6;
								for(unsigned int i=0;i<numRemotePeerPaths;++i) {
									if ((bestRemoteV4)&&(bestRemoteV6))
										break;
									switch(remotePeerPaths[i].ss_family) {
										case AF_INET:
											if (!bestRemoteV4)
												bestRemoteV4 = remotePeerPaths[i];
											break;
										case AF_INET6:
											if (!bestRemoteV6)
												bestRemoteV6 = remotePeerPaths[i];
											break;
									}
								}

								Packet rendezvousForLocal(localPeerAddress,RR->identity.address(),Packet::VERB_RENDEZVOUS);
								rendezvousForLocal.append((uint8_t)0);
								remotePeerAddress.appendTo(rendezvousForLocal);

								Buffer<2048> rendezvousForRemote;
								remotePeerAddress.appendTo(rendezvousForRemote);
								rendezvousForRemote.append((uint8_t)Packet::VERB_RENDEZVOUS);
								const unsigned int rendezvousForOtherEndPayloadSizePtr = rendezvousForRemote.size();
								rendezvousForRemote.addSize(2); // space for actual packet payload length
								rendezvousForRemote.append((uint8_t)0); // flags == 0
								localPeerAddress.appendTo(rendezvousForRemote);

								bool haveMatch = false;
								if ((bestLocalV6)&&(bestRemoteV6)) {
									haveMatch = true;

									rendezvousForLocal.append((uint16_t)bestRemoteV6.port());
									rendezvousForLocal.append((uint8_t)16);
									rendezvousForLocal.append(bestRemoteV6.rawIpData(),16);

									rendezvousForRemote.append((uint16_t)bestLocalV6.port());
									rendezvousForRemote.append((uint8_t)16);
									rendezvousForRemote.append(bestLocalV6.rawIpData(),16);
									rendezvousForRemote.setAt<uint16_t>(rendezvousForOtherEndPayloadSizePtr,(uint16_t)(9 + 16));
								} else if ((bestLocalV4)&&(bestRemoteV4)) {
									haveMatch = true;

									rendezvousForLocal.append((uint16_t)bestRemoteV4.port());
									rendezvousForLocal.append((uint8_t)4);
									rendezvousForLocal.append(bestRemoteV4.rawIpData(),4);

									rendezvousForRemote.append((uint16_t)bestLocalV4.port());
									rendezvousForRemote.append((uint8_t)4);
									rendezvousForRemote.append(bestLocalV4.rawIpData(),4);
									rendezvousForRemote.setAt<uint16_t>(rendezvousForOtherEndPayloadSizePtr,(uint16_t)(9 + 4));
								}

								if (haveMatch) {
									_send(fromMemberId,STATE_MESSAGE_PROXY_SEND,rendezvousForRemote.data(),rendezvousForRemote.size());
									_flush(fromMemberId); // we want this to go ASAP, since with port restricted cone NATs success can be timing-sensitive
									RR->sw->send(rendezvousForLocal,true,0);
								}
							}
						}	break;

						case STATE_MESSAGE_PROXY_SEND: {
							const Address rcpt(dmsg.field(ptr,ZT_ADDRESS_LENGTH),ZT_ADDRESS_LENGTH); ptr += ZT_ADDRESS_LENGTH;
							const Packet::Verb verb = (Packet::Verb)dmsg[ptr++];
							const unsigned int len = dmsg.at<uint16_t>(ptr); ptr += 2;
							Packet outp(rcpt,RR->identity.address(),verb);
							outp.append(dmsg.field(ptr,len),len); ptr += len;
							RR->sw->send(outp,true,0);
							TRACE("[%u] proxy send %s to %s length %u",(unsigned int)fromMemberId,Packet::verbString(verb),rcpt.toString().c_str(),len);
						}	break;
					}
				} catch ( ... ) {
					TRACE("invalid message of size %u type %d (inner decode), discarding",mlen,mtype);
					// drop invalids
				}

				ptr = nextPtr;
			}
		} catch ( ... ) {
			TRACE("invalid message (outer loop), discarding");
			// drop invalids
		}
	}
}

bool Cluster::sendViaCluster(const Address &fromPeerAddress,const Address &toPeerAddress,const void *data,unsigned int len,bool unite)
{
	if (len > 16384) // sanity check
		return false;

	const uint64_t now = RR->node->now();
	unsigned int canHasPeer = 0;

	{	// Anyone got this peer?
		Mutex::Lock _l2(_peerAffinities_m);
		_PA *pa = _peerAffinities.get(toPeerAddress);
		if ((pa)&&(pa->mid != _id)&&((now - pa->ts) < ZT_PEER_ACTIVITY_TIMEOUT))
			canHasPeer = pa->mid;
		else return false;
	}

	Buffer<1024> buf;
	if (unite) {
		InetAddress v4,v6;
		if (fromPeerAddress) {
			SharedPtr<Peer> fromPeer(RR->topology->getPeerNoCache(fromPeerAddress,now));
			if (fromPeer)
				fromPeer->getBestActiveAddresses(now,v4,v6);
		}
		uint8_t addrCount = 0;
		if (v4)
			++addrCount;
		if (v6)
			++addrCount;
		if (addrCount) {
			toPeerAddress.appendTo(buf);
			fromPeerAddress.appendTo(buf);
			buf.append(addrCount);
			if (v4)
				v4.serialize(buf);
			if (v6)
				v6.serialize(buf);
		}
	}
	{
		Mutex::Lock _l2(_members[canHasPeer].lock);
		if (buf.size() > 0)
			_send(canHasPeer,STATE_MESSAGE_PROXY_UNITE,buf.data(),buf.size());
		if (_members[canHasPeer].zeroTierPhysicalEndpoints.size() > 0)
			RR->node->putPacket(InetAddress(),_members[canHasPeer].zeroTierPhysicalEndpoints.front(),data,len);
	}

	TRACE("sendViaCluster(): relaying %u bytes from %s to %s by way of %u",len,fromPeerAddress.toString().c_str(),toPeerAddress.toString().c_str(),(unsigned int)canHasPeer);

	return true;
}

void Cluster::replicateHavePeer(const Identity &peerId,const InetAddress &physicalAddress)
{
	const uint64_t now = RR->node->now();
	{
		Mutex::Lock _l2(_peerAffinities_m);
		_PA &pa = _peerAffinities[peerId.address()];
		if (pa.mid != _id) {
			pa.ts = now;
			pa.mid = _id;
		} else if ((now - pa.ts) < ZT_CLUSTER_HAVE_PEER_ANNOUNCE_PERIOD) {
			return;
		} else {
			pa.ts = now;
		}
	}

	// announcement
	Buffer<4096> buf;
	peerId.serialize(buf,false);
	physicalAddress.serialize(buf);
	{
		Mutex::Lock _l(_memberIds_m);
		for(std::vector<uint16_t>::const_iterator mid(_memberIds.begin());mid!=_memberIds.end();++mid) {
			Mutex::Lock _l2(_members[*mid].lock);
			_send(*mid,STATE_MESSAGE_HAVE_PEER,buf.data(),buf.size());
		}
	}
}

void Cluster::replicateMulticastLike(uint64_t nwid,const Address &peerAddress,const MulticastGroup &group)
{
	Buffer<1024> buf;
	buf.append((uint64_t)nwid);
	peerAddress.appendTo(buf);
	group.mac().appendTo(buf);
	buf.append((uint32_t)group.adi());
	TRACE("replicating %s MULTICAST_LIKE %.16llx/%s/%u to all members",peerAddress.toString().c_str(),nwid,group.mac().toString().c_str(),(unsigned int)group.adi());
	{
		Mutex::Lock _l(_memberIds_m);
		for(std::vector<uint16_t>::const_iterator mid(_memberIds.begin());mid!=_memberIds.end();++mid) {
			Mutex::Lock _l2(_members[*mid].lock);
			_send(*mid,STATE_MESSAGE_MULTICAST_LIKE,buf.data(),buf.size());
		}
	}
}

void Cluster::replicateCertificateOfNetworkMembership(const CertificateOfMembership &com)
{
	Buffer<4096> buf;
	com.serialize(buf);
	TRACE("replicating %s COM for %.16llx to all members",com.issuedTo().toString().c_str(),com.networkId());
	{
		Mutex::Lock _l(_memberIds_m);
		for(std::vector<uint16_t>::const_iterator mid(_memberIds.begin());mid!=_memberIds.end();++mid) {
			Mutex::Lock _l2(_members[*mid].lock);
			_send(*mid,STATE_MESSAGE_COM,buf.data(),buf.size());
		}
	}
}

struct _ClusterAnnouncePeers
{
	_ClusterAnnouncePeers(const uint64_t now_,Cluster *parent_) : now(now_),parent(parent_) {}
	const uint64_t now;
	Cluster *const parent;
	inline void operator()(const Topology &t,const SharedPtr<Peer> &peer) const
	{
		Path *p = peer->getBestPath(now);
		if (p)
			parent->replicateHavePeer(peer->identity(),p->address());
	}
};
void Cluster::doPeriodicTasks()
{
	const uint64_t now = RR->node->now();

	// Erase old peer affinity entries just to control table size
	if ((now - _lastCleanedPeerAffinities) >= (ZT_PEER_ACTIVITY_TIMEOUT * 5)) {
		_lastCleanedPeerAffinities = now;
		Address *k = (Address *)0;
		_PA *v = (_PA *)0;
		Mutex::Lock _l(_peerAffinities_m);
		Hashtable< Address,_PA >::Iterator i(_peerAffinities);
		while (i.next(k,v)) {
			if ((now - v->ts) >= (ZT_PEER_ACTIVITY_TIMEOUT * 5))
				_peerAffinities.erase(*k);
		}
	}

	// Announce peers that we have active direct paths to -- note that we forget paths
	// that other cluster members claim they have, which prevents us from fighting
	// with other cluster members (route flapping) over specific paths.
	if ((now - _lastCheckedPeersForAnnounce) >= (ZT_CLUSTER_HAVE_PEER_ANNOUNCE_PERIOD / 4)) {
		_lastCheckedPeersForAnnounce = now;
		_ClusterAnnouncePeers func(now,this);
		RR->topology->eachPeer<_ClusterAnnouncePeers &>(func);
	}

	// Flush outgoing packet send queue every doPeriodicTasks()
	{
		Mutex::Lock _l(_memberIds_m);
		for(std::vector<uint16_t>::const_iterator mid(_memberIds.begin());mid!=_memberIds.end();++mid) {
			Mutex::Lock _l2(_members[*mid].lock);

			if ((now - _members[*mid].lastAnnouncedAliveTo) >= ((ZT_CLUSTER_TIMEOUT / 2) - 1000)) {
				Buffer<2048> alive;
				alive.append((uint16_t)ZEROTIER_ONE_VERSION_MAJOR);
				alive.append((uint16_t)ZEROTIER_ONE_VERSION_MINOR);
				alive.append((uint16_t)ZEROTIER_ONE_VERSION_REVISION);
				alive.append((uint8_t)ZT_PROTO_VERSION);
				if (_addressToLocationFunction) {
					alive.append((int32_t)_x);
					alive.append((int32_t)_y);
					alive.append((int32_t)_z);
				} else {
					alive.append((int32_t)0);
					alive.append((int32_t)0);
					alive.append((int32_t)0);
				}
				alive.append((uint64_t)now);
				alive.append((uint64_t)0); // TODO: compute and send load average
				alive.append((uint64_t)0); // unused/reserved flags
				alive.append((uint8_t)_zeroTierPhysicalEndpoints.size());
				for(std::vector<InetAddress>::const_iterator pe(_zeroTierPhysicalEndpoints.begin());pe!=_zeroTierPhysicalEndpoints.end();++pe)
					pe->serialize(alive);
				_send(*mid,STATE_MESSAGE_ALIVE,alive.data(),alive.size());
				_members[*mid].lastAnnouncedAliveTo = now;
			}

			_flush(*mid); // does nothing if nothing to flush
		}
	}
}

void Cluster::addMember(uint16_t memberId)
{
	if ((memberId >= ZT_CLUSTER_MAX_MEMBERS)||(memberId == _id))
		return;

	Mutex::Lock _l2(_members[memberId].lock);

	{
		Mutex::Lock _l(_memberIds_m);
		if (std::find(_memberIds.begin(),_memberIds.end(),memberId) != _memberIds.end())
			return;
		_memberIds.push_back(memberId);
		std::sort(_memberIds.begin(),_memberIds.end());
	}

	_members[memberId].clear();

	// Generate this member's message key from the master and its ID
	uint16_t stmp[ZT_SHA512_DIGEST_LEN / sizeof(uint16_t)];
	memcpy(stmp,_masterSecret,sizeof(stmp));
	stmp[0] ^= Utils::hton(memberId);
	SHA512::hash(stmp,stmp,sizeof(stmp));
	SHA512::hash(stmp,stmp,sizeof(stmp));
	memcpy(_members[memberId].key,stmp,sizeof(_members[memberId].key));
	Utils::burn(stmp,sizeof(stmp));

	// Prepare q
	_members[memberId].q.clear();
	char iv[16];
	Utils::getSecureRandom(iv,16);
	_members[memberId].q.append(iv,16);
	_members[memberId].q.addSize(8); // room for MAC
	_members[memberId].q.append((uint16_t)_id);
	_members[memberId].q.append((uint16_t)memberId);
}

void Cluster::removeMember(uint16_t memberId)
{
	Mutex::Lock _l(_memberIds_m);
	std::vector<uint16_t> newMemberIds;
	for(std::vector<uint16_t>::const_iterator mid(_memberIds.begin());mid!=_memberIds.end();++mid) {
		if (*mid != memberId)
			newMemberIds.push_back(*mid);
	}
	_memberIds = newMemberIds;
}

bool Cluster::findBetterEndpoint(InetAddress &redirectTo,const Address &peerAddress,const InetAddress &peerPhysicalAddress,bool offload)
{
	if (_addressToLocationFunction) {
		// Pick based on location if it can be determined
		int px = 0,py = 0,pz = 0;
		if (_addressToLocationFunction(_addressToLocationFunctionArg,reinterpret_cast<const struct sockaddr_storage *>(&peerPhysicalAddress),&px,&py,&pz) == 0) {
			TRACE("no geolocation data for %s (geo-lookup is lazy/async so it may work next time)",peerPhysicalAddress.toIpString().c_str());
			return false;
		}

		// Find member closest to this peer
		const uint64_t now = RR->node->now();
		std::vector<InetAddress> best;
		const double currentDistance = _dist3d(_x,_y,_z,px,py,pz);
		double bestDistance = (offload ? 2147483648.0 : currentDistance);
		unsigned int bestMember = _id;
		{
			Mutex::Lock _l(_memberIds_m);
			for(std::vector<uint16_t>::const_iterator mid(_memberIds.begin());mid!=_memberIds.end();++mid) {
				_Member &m = _members[*mid];
				Mutex::Lock _ml(m.lock);

				// Consider member if it's alive and has sent us a location and one or more physical endpoints to send peers to
				if ( ((now - m.lastReceivedAliveAnnouncement) < ZT_CLUSTER_TIMEOUT) && ((m.x != 0)||(m.y != 0)||(m.z != 0)) && (m.zeroTierPhysicalEndpoints.size() > 0) ) {
					const double mdist = _dist3d(m.x,m.y,m.z,px,py,pz);
					if (mdist < bestDistance) {
						bestDistance = mdist;
						bestMember = *mid;
						best = m.zeroTierPhysicalEndpoints;
					}
				}
			}
		}

		// Redirect to a closer member if it has a ZeroTier endpoint address in the same ss_family
		for(std::vector<InetAddress>::const_iterator a(best.begin());a!=best.end();++a) {
			if (a->ss_family == peerPhysicalAddress.ss_family) {
				TRACE("%s at [%d,%d,%d] is %f from us but %f from %u, can redirect to %s",peerAddress.toString().c_str(),px,py,pz,currentDistance,bestDistance,bestMember,a->toString().c_str());
				redirectTo = *a;
				return true;
			}
		}
		TRACE("%s at [%d,%d,%d] is %f from us, no better endpoints found",peerAddress.toString().c_str(),px,py,pz,currentDistance);
		return false;
	} else {
		// TODO: pick based on load if no location info?
		return false;
	}
}

void Cluster::status(ZT_ClusterStatus &status) const
{
	const uint64_t now = RR->node->now();
	memset(&status,0,sizeof(ZT_ClusterStatus));
	ZT_ClusterMemberStatus *ms[ZT_CLUSTER_MAX_MEMBERS];
	memset(ms,0,sizeof(ms));

	status.myId = _id;

	ms[_id] = &(status.members[status.clusterSize++]);
	ms[_id]->id = _id;
	ms[_id]->alive = 1;
	ms[_id]->x = _x;
	ms[_id]->y = _y;
	ms[_id]->z = _z;
	ms[_id]->peers = RR->topology->countActive();
	for(std::vector<InetAddress>::const_iterator ep(_zeroTierPhysicalEndpoints.begin());ep!=_zeroTierPhysicalEndpoints.end();++ep) {
		if (ms[_id]->numZeroTierPhysicalEndpoints >= ZT_CLUSTER_MAX_ZT_PHYSICAL_ADDRESSES) // sanity check
			break;
		memcpy(&(ms[_id]->zeroTierPhysicalEndpoints[ms[_id]->numZeroTierPhysicalEndpoints++]),&(*ep),sizeof(struct sockaddr_storage));
	}

	{
		Mutex::Lock _l1(_memberIds_m);
		for(std::vector<uint16_t>::const_iterator mid(_memberIds.begin());mid!=_memberIds.end();++mid) {
			if (status.clusterSize >= ZT_CLUSTER_MAX_MEMBERS) // sanity check
				break;
			ZT_ClusterMemberStatus *s = ms[*mid] = &(status.members[status.clusterSize++]);
			_Member &m = _members[*mid];
			Mutex::Lock ml(m.lock);

			s->id = *mid;
			s->msSinceLastHeartbeat = (unsigned int)std::min((uint64_t)(~((unsigned int)0)),(now - m.lastReceivedAliveAnnouncement));
			s->alive = (s->msSinceLastHeartbeat < ZT_CLUSTER_TIMEOUT) ? 1 : 0;
			s->x = m.x;
			s->y = m.y;
			s->z = m.z;
			s->load = m.load;
			for(std::vector<InetAddress>::const_iterator ep(m.zeroTierPhysicalEndpoints.begin());ep!=m.zeroTierPhysicalEndpoints.end();++ep) {
				if (s->numZeroTierPhysicalEndpoints >= ZT_CLUSTER_MAX_ZT_PHYSICAL_ADDRESSES) // sanity check
					break;
				memcpy(&(s->zeroTierPhysicalEndpoints[s->numZeroTierPhysicalEndpoints++]),&(*ep),sizeof(struct sockaddr_storage));
			}
		}
	}

	{
		Mutex::Lock _l2(_peerAffinities_m);
		Address *k = (Address *)0;
		_PA *v = (_PA *)0;
		Hashtable< Address,_PA >::Iterator i(const_cast<Cluster *>(this)->_peerAffinities);
		while (i.next(k,v)) {
			if ( (ms[v->mid]) && (v->mid != _id) && ((now - v->ts) < ZT_PEER_ACTIVITY_TIMEOUT) )
				++ms[v->mid]->peers;
		}
	}
}

void Cluster::_send(uint16_t memberId,StateMessageType type,const void *msg,unsigned int len)
{
	if ((len + 3) > (ZT_CLUSTER_MAX_MESSAGE_LENGTH - (24 + 2 + 2))) // sanity check
		return;
	_Member &m = _members[memberId];
	// assumes m.lock is locked!
	if ((m.q.size() + len + 3) > ZT_CLUSTER_MAX_MESSAGE_LENGTH)
		_flush(memberId);
	m.q.append((uint16_t)(len + 1));
	m.q.append((uint8_t)type);
	m.q.append(msg,len);
}

void Cluster::_flush(uint16_t memberId)
{
	_Member &m = _members[memberId];
	// assumes m.lock is locked!
	if (m.q.size() > (24 + 2 + 2)) { // 16-byte IV + 8-byte MAC + 2 byte from-member-ID + 2 byte to-member-ID
		// Create key from member's key and IV
		char keytmp[32];
		memcpy(keytmp,m.key,32);
		for(int i=0;i<8;++i)
			keytmp[i] ^= m.q[i];
		Salsa20 s20(keytmp,256,m.q.field(8,8));
		Utils::burn(keytmp,sizeof(keytmp));

		// One-time-use Poly1305 key from first 32 bytes of Salsa20 keystream (as per DJB/NaCl "standard")
		char polykey[ZT_POLY1305_KEY_LEN];
		memset(polykey,0,sizeof(polykey));
		s20.encrypt12(polykey,polykey,sizeof(polykey));

		// Encrypt m.q in place
		s20.encrypt12(reinterpret_cast<const char *>(m.q.data()) + 24,const_cast<char *>(reinterpret_cast<const char *>(m.q.data())) + 24,m.q.size() - 24);

		// Add MAC for authentication (encrypt-then-MAC)
		char mac[ZT_POLY1305_MAC_LEN];
		Poly1305::compute(mac,reinterpret_cast<const char *>(m.q.data()) + 24,m.q.size() - 24,polykey);
		memcpy(m.q.field(16,8),mac,8);

		// Send!
		_sendFunction(_sendFunctionArg,memberId,m.q.data(),m.q.size());

		// Prepare for more
		m.q.clear();
		char iv[16];
		Utils::getSecureRandom(iv,16);
		m.q.append(iv,16);
		m.q.addSize(8); // room for MAC
		m.q.append((uint16_t)_id); // from member ID
		m.q.append((uint16_t)memberId); // to member ID
	}
}

} // namespace ZeroTier

#endif // ZT_ENABLE_CLUSTER