ZeroTierOne/service/OneService.cpp

/*
 * Copyright (c)2013-2020 ZeroTier, Inc.
 *
 * Use of this software is governed by the Business Source License included
 * in the LICENSE.TXT file in the project's root directory.
 *
 * Change Date: 2026-01-01
 *
 * On the date above, in accordance with the Business Source License, use
 * of this software will be governed by version 2.0 of the Apache License.
 */
/****/

#include <algorithm>
#include <condition_variable>
#include <exception>
#include <list>
#include <map>
#include <mutex>
#include <stdint.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <string>
#include <thread>
#include <vector>

#ifdef __FreeBSD__
#include <pthread_np.h>
#include <sched.h>
#endif

#include "../include/ZeroTierOne.h"
#include "../node/Bond.hpp"
#include "../node/Constants.hpp"
#include "../node/Identity.hpp"
#include "../node/InetAddress.hpp"
#include "../node/MAC.hpp"
#include "../node/Mutex.hpp"
#include "../node/Node.hpp"
#include "../node/PacketMultiplexer.hpp"
#include "../node/Peer.hpp"
#include "../node/Poly1305.hpp"
#include "../node/SHA512.hpp"
#include "../node/Salsa20.hpp"
#include "../node/Utils.hpp"
#include "../node/World.hpp"
#include "../osdep/Binder.hpp"
#include "../osdep/BlockingQueue.hpp"
#include "../osdep/ExtOsdep.hpp"
#include "../osdep/Http.hpp"
#include "../osdep/ManagedRoute.hpp"
#include "../osdep/OSUtils.hpp"
#include "../osdep/Phy.hpp"
#include "../osdep/PortMapper.hpp"
#include "../version.h"
#include "OneService.hpp"
#include "SoftwareUpdater.hpp"

#include <cpp-httplib/httplib.h>

#ifdef ZT_OPENTELEMETRY_ENABLED
#include "opentelemetry/exporters/memory/in_memory_data.h"
#include "opentelemetry/exporters/otlp/otlp_grpc_exporter.h"
#include "opentelemetry/exporters/otlp/otlp_grpc_log_record_exporter.h"
#include "opentelemetry/exporters/otlp/otlp_grpc_metric_exporter.h"
#include "opentelemetry/logs/logger.h"
#include "opentelemetry/metrics/provider.h"
#include "opentelemetry/sdk/metrics/export/periodic_exporting_metric_reader.h"
#include "opentelemetry/sdk/metrics/meter_provider.h"
#include "opentelemetry/sdk/metrics/metric_reader.h"
#include "opentelemetry/sdk/metrics/provider.h"
#include "opentelemetry/sdk/resource/resource.h"
#include "opentelemetry/sdk/trace/batch_span_processor.h"
#include "opentelemetry/sdk/trace/batch_span_processor_options.h"
#include "opentelemetry/sdk/trace/processor.h"
#include "opentelemetry/sdk/trace/provider.h"
#include "opentelemetry/sdk/trace/samplers/trace_id_ratio.h"
#include "opentelemetry/sdk/trace/tracer.h"
#include "opentelemetry/sdk/trace/tracer_context.h"
#include "opentelemetry/sdk/trace/tracer_provider.h"
#include "opentelemetry/trace/provider.h"

namespace sdktrace = opentelemetry::v1::sdk::trace;
namespace sdkmetrics = opentelemetry::v1::sdk::metrics;
namespace sdklogs = opentelemetry::v1::sdk::logs;
namespace sdkresource = opentelemetry::v1::sdk::resource;
#else
#include "opentelemetry/logs/logger.h"
#include "opentelemetry/metrics/provider.h"
#include "opentelemetry/trace/provider.h"
#endif

#if ZT_SSO_ENABLED
#include <zeroidc.h>
#endif

#ifdef __WINDOWS__
#include <iphlpapi.h>
#include <netioapi.h>
#include <shlobj.h>
#include <windows.h>
#include <winsock2.h>
// #include <unistd.h>
#define stat _stat
#else
#include <ifaddrs.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/wait.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#endif

#ifdef __APPLE__
#include "../osdep/MacDNSHelper.hpp"
#elif defined(__WINDOWS__)
#include "../osdep/WinDNSHelper.hpp"
#include "../osdep/WinFWHelper.hpp"
#endif

#ifdef ZT_USE_SYSTEM_HTTP_PARSER
#include <http_parser.h>
#else
#include "../ext/http-parser/http_parser.h"
#endif

#include "../node/Metrics.hpp"

#if ZT_VAULT_SUPPORT
extern "C" {
#include <curl/curl.h>
}
#endif

#include <inja/inja.hpp>
#include <nlohmann/json.hpp>

using json = nlohmann::json;

#include "../controller/EmbeddedNetworkController.hpp"
#include "../controller/PostgreSQL.hpp"
#include "../controller/Redis.hpp"
#include "../osdep/EthernetTap.hpp"
#ifdef __WINDOWS__
#include "../osdep/WindowsEthernetTap.hpp"
#endif

#ifndef ZT_SOFTWARE_UPDATE_DEFAULT
#define ZT_SOFTWARE_UPDATE_DEFAULT "disable"
#endif

// Sanity limits for HTTP
#define ZT_MAX_HTTP_MESSAGE_SIZE (1024 * 1024 * 64)
#define ZT_MAX_HTTP_CONNECTIONS	 65536

// Interface metric for ZeroTier taps -- this ensures that if we are on WiFi and also
// bridged via ZeroTier to the same LAN traffic will (if the OS is sane) prefer WiFi.
#define ZT_IF_METRIC 5000

// How often to check for new multicast subscriptions on a tap device
#define ZT_TAP_CHECK_MULTICAST_INTERVAL 5000

// TCP fallback relay (run by ZeroTier, Inc. -- this will eventually go away)
#ifndef ZT_SDK
#define ZT_TCP_FALLBACK_RELAY "204.80.128.1/443"
#endif

// Frequency at which we re-resolve the TCP fallback relay
#define ZT_TCP_FALLBACK_RERESOLVE_DELAY 86400000

// Attempt to engage TCP fallback after this many ms of no reply to packets sent to global-scope IPs
#define ZT_TCP_FALLBACK_AFTER 60000

// How often to check for local interface addresses
#define ZT_LOCAL_INTERFACE_CHECK_INTERVAL 60000

// Maximum write buffer size for outgoing TCP connections (sanity limit)
#define ZT_TCP_MAX_WRITEQ_SIZE 33554432

// TCP activity timeout
#define ZT_TCP_ACTIVITY_TIMEOUT 60000

#if ZT_VAULT_SUPPORT
size_t curlResponseWrite(void* ptr, size_t size, size_t nmemb, std::string* data)
{
	data->append((char*)ptr, size * nmemb);
	return size * nmemb;
}
#endif

namespace ZeroTier {

std::string ssoResponseTemplate = R"""(
<!doctype html>
<html class="no-js" lang="">
    <head>
        <meta charset="utf-8">
        <meta http-equiv="x-ua-compatible" content="ie=edge">
        <title>Network SSO Login {{ networkId }}</title>
        <meta name="description" content="">
        <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
        <style type="text/css">
         html,body {
             background: #eeeeee;
             margin: 0;
             padding: 0;
             font-family: "System Sans Serif";
             font-weight: normal;
             font-size: 12pt;
             height: 100%;
             width: 100%;
         }

         .container {
             position: absolute;
             left: 50%;
             top: 50%;
             -webkit-transform: translate(-50%, -50%);
             transform: translate(-50%, -50%);
         }
         .iconwrapper {
             margin: 10px 10px 10px 10px;
         }
        </style>
    </head>
    <body>
        <div class="container">
            <div class="iconwrapper">
                <svg id="Layer_1" width="225px" height="225px" data-name="Layer 1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 225 225"><defs><style>.cls-1{fill:#fdb25d;}.cls-2{fill:none;stroke:#000;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-width:6.99px;}</style></defs><rect class="cls-1" width="225" height="225" rx="35.74"/><line class="cls-2" x1="25.65" y1="32.64" x2="199.35" y2="32.64"/><line class="cls-2" x1="112.5" y1="201.02" x2="112.5" y2="32.64"/><circle class="cls-2" cx="112.5" cy="115.22" r="56.54"/></svg>
            </div>
            <div class="text">{{ messageText }}</div>
        </div>
    </body>
</html>
)""";

bool bearerTokenValid(const std::string authHeader, const std::string& checkToken)
{
	std::vector<std::string> tokens = OSUtils::split(authHeader.c_str(), " ", NULL, NULL);
	if (tokens.size() != 2) {
		return false;
	}

	std::string bearer = tokens[0];
	std::string token = tokens[1];
	std::transform(bearer.begin(), bearer.end(), bearer.begin(), [](unsigned char c) { return std::tolower(c); });
	if (bearer != "bearer") {
		return false;
	}

	if (token != checkToken) {
		return false;
	}

	return true;
}

#if ZT_DEBUG == 1
std::string dump_headers(const httplib::Headers& headers)
{
	std::string s;
	char buf[BUFSIZ];

	for (auto it = headers.begin(); it != headers.end(); ++it) {
		const auto& x = *it;
		snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%s: %s\n", x.first.c_str(), x.second.c_str());
		s += buf;
	}

	return s;
}

std::string http_log(const httplib::Request& req, const httplib::Response& res)
{
	std::string s;
	char buf[BUFSIZ];

	s += "================================\n";

	snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%s %s %s", req.method.c_str(), req.version.c_str(), req.path.c_str());
	s += buf;

	std::string query;
	for (auto it = req.params.begin(); it != req.params.end(); ++it) {
		const auto& x = *it;
		snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%c%s=%s", (it == req.params.begin()) ? '?' : '&', x.first.c_str(), x.second.c_str());
		query += buf;
	}
	snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%s\n", query.c_str());
	s += buf;

	s += dump_headers(req.headers);

	s += "--------------------------------\n";

	snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%d %s\n", res.status, res.version.c_str());
	s += buf;
	s += dump_headers(res.headers);
	s += "\n";

	if (! res.body.empty()) {
		s += res.body;
	}

	s += "\n";

	return s;
}
#endif

// Configured networks
class NetworkState {
  public:
	NetworkState()
		: _webPort(9993)
		, _tap((EthernetTap*)0)
#if ZT_SSO_ENABLED
		, _idc(nullptr)
#endif
	{
		// Real defaults are in network 'up' code in network event handler
		_settings.allowManaged = true;
		_settings.allowGlobal = false;
		_settings.allowDefault = false;
		_settings.allowDNS = false;
		memset(&_config, 0, sizeof(ZT_VirtualNetworkConfig));
	}

	~NetworkState()
	{
		this->_managedRoutes.clear();
		this->_tap.reset();

#if ZT_SSO_ENABLED
		if (_idc) {
			zeroidc::zeroidc_stop(_idc);
			zeroidc::zeroidc_delete(_idc);
			_idc = nullptr;
		}
#endif
	}

	void setWebPort(unsigned int port)
	{
		_webPort = port;
	}

	void setTap(std::shared_ptr<EthernetTap> tap)
	{
		this->_tap = tap;
	}

	std::shared_ptr<EthernetTap> tap() const
	{
		return _tap;
	}

	OneService::NetworkSettings settings() const
	{
		return _settings;
	}

	void setSettings(const OneService::NetworkSettings& settings)
	{
		_settings = settings;
	}

	void setAllowManaged(bool allow)
	{
		_settings.allowManaged = allow;
	}

	bool allowManaged() const
	{
		return _settings.allowManaged;
	}

	void setAllowGlobal(bool allow)
	{
		_settings.allowGlobal = allow;
	}

	bool allowGlobal() const
	{
		return _settings.allowGlobal;
	}

	void setAllowDefault(bool allow)
	{
		_settings.allowDefault = allow;
	}

	bool allowDefault() const
	{
		return _settings.allowDefault;
	}

	void setAllowDNS(bool allow)
	{
		_settings.allowDNS = allow;
	}

	bool allowDNS() const
	{
		return _settings.allowDNS;
	}

	std::vector<InetAddress> allowManagedWhitelist() const
	{
		return _settings.allowManagedWhitelist;
	}

	void addToAllowManagedWhiteList(const InetAddress& addr)
	{
		_settings.allowManagedWhitelist.push_back(addr);
	}

	const ZT_VirtualNetworkConfig& config()
	{
		return _config;
	}

	void setConfig(const ZT_VirtualNetworkConfig* nwc)
	{
		memcpy(&_config, nwc, sizeof(ZT_VirtualNetworkConfig));

		if (_config.ssoEnabled && _config.ssoVersion == 1) {
#if ZT_SSO_ENABLED
			if (_idc == nullptr) {
				assert(_config.issuerURL != nullptr);
				assert(_config.ssoClientID != nullptr);
				assert(_config.centralAuthURL != nullptr);
				assert(_config.ssoProvider != nullptr);

				_idc = zeroidc::zeroidc_new(_config.issuerURL, _config.ssoClientID, _config.centralAuthURL, _config.ssoProvider, _webPort);

				if (_idc == nullptr) {
					fprintf(stderr, "idc is null\n");
					return;
				}
			}

			zeroidc::zeroidc_set_nonce_and_csrf(_idc, _config.ssoState, _config.ssoNonce);

			char* url = zeroidc::zeroidc_get_auth_url(_idc);
			memcpy(_config.authenticationURL, url, strlen(url));
			_config.authenticationURL[strlen(url)] = 0;
			zeroidc::free_cstr(url);

			if (zeroidc::zeroidc_is_running(_idc) && nwc->status == ZT_NETWORK_STATUS_AUTHENTICATION_REQUIRED) {
				zeroidc::zeroidc_kick_refresh_thread(_idc);
			}
#endif
		}
	}

	std::vector<InetAddress>& managedIps()
	{
		return _managedIps;
	}

	void setManagedIps(const std::vector<InetAddress>& managedIps)
	{
		_managedIps = managedIps;
	}

	std::map<InetAddress, SharedPtr<ManagedRoute> >& managedRoutes()
	{
		return _managedRoutes;
	}

	char* doTokenExchange(const char* code)
	{
		char* ret = nullptr;
#if ZT_SSO_ENABLED
		if (_idc == nullptr) {
			fprintf(stderr, "ainfo or idc null\n");
			return ret;
		}

		ret = zeroidc::zeroidc_token_exchange(_idc, code);
		zeroidc::zeroidc_set_nonce_and_csrf(_idc, _config.ssoState, _config.ssoNonce);

		char* url = zeroidc::zeroidc_get_auth_url(_idc);
		memcpy(_config.authenticationURL, url, strlen(url));
		_config.authenticationURL[strlen(url)] = 0;
		zeroidc::free_cstr(url);
#endif
		return ret;
	}

	uint64_t getExpiryTime()
	{
#if ZT_SSO_ENABLED
		if (_idc == nullptr) {
			fprintf(stderr, "idc is null\n");
			return 0;
		}
		return zeroidc::zeroidc_get_exp_time(_idc);
#else
		return 0;
#endif
	}

  private:
	unsigned int _webPort;
	std::shared_ptr<EthernetTap> _tap;
	ZT_VirtualNetworkConfig _config;   // memcpy() of raw config from core
	std::vector<InetAddress> _managedIps;
	std::map<InetAddress, SharedPtr<ManagedRoute> > _managedRoutes;
	OneService::NetworkSettings _settings;
#if ZT_SSO_ENABLED
	zeroidc::ZeroIDC* _idc;
#endif
};

namespace {

static const InetAddress NULL_INET_ADDR;

// Fake TLS hello for TCP tunnel outgoing connections (TUNNELED mode)
static const char ZT_TCP_TUNNEL_HELLO[9] = {
	0x17, 0x03, 0x03, 0x00, 0x04, (char)ZEROTIER_ONE_VERSION_MAJOR, (char)ZEROTIER_ONE_VERSION_MINOR, (char)((ZEROTIER_ONE_VERSION_REVISION >> 8) & 0xff), (char)(ZEROTIER_ONE_VERSION_REVISION & 0xff)
};

static std::string _trimString(const std::string& s)
{
	unsigned long end = (unsigned long)s.length();
	while (end) {
		char c = s[end - 1];
		if ((c == ' ') || (c == '\r') || (c == '\n') || (! c) || (c == '\t'))
			--end;
		else
			break;
	}
	unsigned long start = 0;
	while (start < end) {
		char c = s[start];
		if ((c == ' ') || (c == '\r') || (c == '\n') || (! c) || (c == '\t'))
			++start;
		else
			break;
	}
	return s.substr(start, end - start);
}

static void _networkToJson(nlohmann::json& nj, NetworkState& ns)
{
	char tmp[256];

	const char *nstatus = "", *ntype = "";
	switch (ns.config().status) {
		case ZT_NETWORK_STATUS_REQUESTING_CONFIGURATION:
			nstatus = "REQUESTING_CONFIGURATION";
			break;
		case ZT_NETWORK_STATUS_OK:
			nstatus = "OK";
			break;
		case ZT_NETWORK_STATUS_ACCESS_DENIED:
			nstatus = "ACCESS_DENIED";
			break;
		case ZT_NETWORK_STATUS_NOT_FOUND:
			nstatus = "NOT_FOUND";
			break;
		case ZT_NETWORK_STATUS_PORT_ERROR:
			nstatus = "PORT_ERROR";
			break;
		case ZT_NETWORK_STATUS_CLIENT_TOO_OLD:
			nstatus = "CLIENT_TOO_OLD";
			break;
		case ZT_NETWORK_STATUS_AUTHENTICATION_REQUIRED:
			nstatus = "AUTHENTICATION_REQUIRED";
			break;
	}
	switch (ns.config().type) {
		case ZT_NETWORK_TYPE_PRIVATE:
			ntype = "PRIVATE";
			break;
		case ZT_NETWORK_TYPE_PUBLIC:
			ntype = "PUBLIC";
			break;
	}

	OSUtils::ztsnprintf(tmp, sizeof(tmp), "%.16llx", ns.config().nwid);
	nj["id"] = tmp;
	nj["nwid"] = tmp;
	OSUtils::ztsnprintf(
		tmp,
		sizeof(tmp),
		"%.2x:%.2x:%.2x:%.2x:%.2x:%.2x",
		(unsigned int)((ns.config().mac >> 40) & 0xff),
		(unsigned int)((ns.config().mac >> 32) & 0xff),
		(unsigned int)((ns.config().mac >> 24) & 0xff),
		(unsigned int)((ns.config().mac >> 16) & 0xff),
		(unsigned int)((ns.config().mac >> 8) & 0xff),
		(unsigned int)(ns.config().mac & 0xff));
	nj["mac"] = tmp;
	nj["name"] = ns.config().name;
	nj["status"] = nstatus;
	nj["type"] = ntype;
	nj["mtu"] = ns.config().mtu;
	nj["dhcp"] = (bool)(ns.config().dhcp != 0);
	nj["bridge"] = (bool)(ns.config().bridge != 0);
	nj["broadcastEnabled"] = (bool)(ns.config().broadcastEnabled != 0);
	nj["portError"] = ns.config().portError;
	nj["netconfRevision"] = ns.config().netconfRevision;
	nj["portDeviceName"] = ns.tap()->deviceName();

	OneService::NetworkSettings localSettings = ns.settings();

	nj["allowManaged"] = localSettings.allowManaged;
	nj["allowGlobal"] = localSettings.allowGlobal;
	nj["allowDefault"] = localSettings.allowDefault;
	nj["allowDNS"] = localSettings.allowDNS;

	nlohmann::json aa = nlohmann::json::array();
	for (unsigned int i = 0; i < ns.config().assignedAddressCount; ++i) {
		aa.push_back(reinterpret_cast<const InetAddress*>(&(ns.config().assignedAddresses[i]))->toString(tmp));
	}
	nj["assignedAddresses"] = aa;

	nlohmann::json ra = nlohmann::json::array();
	for (unsigned int i = 0; i < ns.config().routeCount; ++i) {
		nlohmann::json rj;
		rj["target"] = reinterpret_cast<const InetAddress*>(&(ns.config().routes[i].target))->toString(tmp);
		if (ns.config().routes[i].via.ss_family == ns.config().routes[i].target.ss_family)
			rj["via"] = reinterpret_cast<const InetAddress*>(&(ns.config().routes[i].via))->toIpString(tmp);
		else
			rj["via"] = nlohmann::json();
		rj["flags"] = (int)ns.config().routes[i].flags;
		rj["metric"] = (int)ns.config().routes[i].metric;
		ra.push_back(rj);
	}
	nj["routes"] = ra;

	nlohmann::json mca = nlohmann::json::array();
	for (unsigned int i = 0; i < ns.config().multicastSubscriptionCount; ++i) {
		nlohmann::json m;
		m["mac"] = MAC(ns.config().multicastSubscriptions[i].mac).toString(tmp);
		m["adi"] = ns.config().multicastSubscriptions[i].adi;
		mca.push_back(m);
	}
	nj["multicastSubscriptions"] = mca;

	nlohmann::json m;
	m["domain"] = ns.config().dns.domain;
	m["servers"] = nlohmann::json::array();
	for (int j = 0; j < ZT_MAX_DNS_SERVERS; ++j) {
		InetAddress a(ns.config().dns.server_addr[j]);
		if (a.isV4() || a.isV6()) {
			char buf[256];
			m["servers"].push_back(a.toIpString(buf));
		}
	}
	nj["dns"] = m;
	if (ns.config().ssoEnabled) {
		const char* authURL = ns.config().authenticationURL;
		// fprintf(stderr, "Auth URL: %s\n", authURL);
		nj["authenticationURL"] = authURL;
		nj["authenticationExpiryTime"] = (ns.getExpiryTime() * 1000);
		nj["ssoEnabled"] = ns.config().ssoEnabled;
	}
}

static void _peerToJson(nlohmann::json& pj, const ZT_Peer* peer, SharedPtr<Bond>& bond, bool isTunneled)
{
	char tmp[256];

	const char* prole = "";
	switch (peer->role) {
		case ZT_PEER_ROLE_LEAF:
			prole = "LEAF";
			break;
		case ZT_PEER_ROLE_MOON:
			prole = "MOON";
			break;
		case ZT_PEER_ROLE_PLANET:
			prole = "PLANET";
			break;
	}

	OSUtils::ztsnprintf(tmp, sizeof(tmp), "%.10llx", peer->address);
	pj["address"] = tmp;
	pj["versionMajor"] = peer->versionMajor;
	pj["versionMinor"] = peer->versionMinor;
	pj["versionRev"] = peer->versionRev;
	OSUtils::ztsnprintf(tmp, sizeof(tmp), "%d.%d.%d", peer->versionMajor, peer->versionMinor, peer->versionRev);
	pj["version"] = tmp;
	pj["latency"] = peer->latency;
	pj["role"] = prole;
	pj["isBonded"] = peer->isBonded;
	pj["tunneled"] = isTunneled;
	if (bond && peer->isBonded) {
		pj["bondingPolicyCode"] = peer->bondingPolicy;
		pj["bondingPolicyStr"] = Bond::getPolicyStrByCode(peer->bondingPolicy);
		pj["numAliveLinks"] = peer->numAliveLinks;
		pj["numTotalLinks"] = peer->numTotalLinks;
		pj["failoverInterval"] = bond->getFailoverInterval();
		pj["downDelay"] = bond->getDownDelay();
		pj["upDelay"] = bond->getUpDelay();
		pj["packetsPerLink"] = bond->getPacketsPerLink();
	}

	nlohmann::json pa = nlohmann::json::array();
	for (unsigned int i = 0; i < peer->pathCount; ++i) {
		int64_t lastSend = peer->paths[i].lastSend;
		int64_t lastReceive = peer->paths[i].lastReceive;
		nlohmann::json j;
		j["address"] = reinterpret_cast<const InetAddress*>(&(peer->paths[i].address))->toString(tmp);
		j["lastSend"] = (lastSend < 0) ? 0 : lastSend;
		j["lastReceive"] = (lastReceive < 0) ? 0 : lastReceive;
		j["trustedPathId"] = peer->paths[i].trustedPathId;
		j["active"] = (bool)(peer->paths[i].expired == 0);
		j["expired"] = (bool)(peer->paths[i].expired != 0);
		j["preferred"] = (bool)(peer->paths[i].preferred != 0);
		j["localSocket"] = peer->paths[i].localSocket;
		j["localPort"] = peer->paths[i].localPort;
		if (bond && peer->isBonded) {
			uint64_t now = OSUtils::now();
			j["ifname"] = std::string(peer->paths[i].ifname);
			j["latencyMean"] = peer->paths[i].latencyMean;
			j["latencyVariance"] = peer->paths[i].latencyVariance;
			j["packetLossRatio"] = peer->paths[i].packetLossRatio;
			j["packetErrorRatio"] = peer->paths[i].packetErrorRatio;
			j["assignedFlowCount"] = peer->paths[i].assignedFlowCount;
			j["lastInAge"] = (now - lastReceive);
			j["lastOutAge"] = (now - lastSend);
			j["bonded"] = peer->paths[i].bonded;
			j["eligible"] = peer->paths[i].eligible;
			j["givenLinkSpeed"] = peer->paths[i].linkSpeed;
			j["relativeQuality"] = peer->paths[i].relativeQuality;
		}
		pa.push_back(j);
	}
	pj["paths"] = pa;
}

static void _moonToJson(nlohmann::json& mj, const World& world)
{
	char tmp[4096];
	OSUtils::ztsnprintf(tmp, sizeof(tmp), "%.16llx", world.id());
	mj["id"] = tmp;
	mj["timestamp"] = world.timestamp();
	mj["signature"] = Utils::hex(world.signature().data, ZT_ECC_SIGNATURE_LEN, tmp);
	mj["updatesMustBeSignedBy"] = Utils::hex(world.updatesMustBeSignedBy().data, ZT_ECC_PUBLIC_KEY_SET_LEN, tmp);
	nlohmann::json ra = nlohmann::json::array();
	for (std::vector<World::Root>::const_iterator r(world.roots().begin()); r != world.roots().end(); ++r) {
		nlohmann::json rj;
		rj["identity"] = r->identity.toString(false, tmp);
		nlohmann::json eps = nlohmann::json::array();
		for (std::vector<InetAddress>::const_iterator a(r->stableEndpoints.begin()); a != r->stableEndpoints.end(); ++a)
			eps.push_back(a->toString(tmp));
		rj["stableEndpoints"] = eps;
		ra.push_back(rj);
	}
	mj["roots"] = ra;
	mj["waiting"] = false;
}

class OneServiceImpl;

static int SnodeVirtualNetworkConfigFunction(ZT_Node* node, void* uptr, void* tptr, uint64_t nwid, void** nuptr, enum ZT_VirtualNetworkConfigOperation op, const ZT_VirtualNetworkConfig* nwconf);
static void SnodeEventCallback(ZT_Node* node, void* uptr, void* tptr, enum ZT_Event event, const void* metaData);
static void SnodeStatePutFunction(ZT_Node* node, void* uptr, void* tptr, enum ZT_StateObjectType type, const uint64_t id[2], const void* data, int len);
static int SnodeStateGetFunction(ZT_Node* node, void* uptr, void* tptr, enum ZT_StateObjectType type, const uint64_t id[2], void* data, unsigned int maxlen);
static int SnodeWirePacketSendFunction(ZT_Node* node, void* uptr, void* tptr, int64_t localSocket, const struct sockaddr_storage* addr, const void* data, unsigned int len, unsigned int ttl);
static void SnodeVirtualNetworkFrameFunction(ZT_Node* node, void* uptr, void* tptr, uint64_t nwid, void** nuptr, uint64_t sourceMac, uint64_t destMac, unsigned int etherType, unsigned int vlanId, const void* data, unsigned int len);
static int SnodePathCheckFunction(ZT_Node* node, void* uptr, void* tptr, uint64_t ztaddr, int64_t localSocket, const struct sockaddr_storage* remoteAddr);
static int SnodePathLookupFunction(ZT_Node* node, void* uptr, void* tptr, uint64_t ztaddr, int family, struct sockaddr_storage* result);
static void StapFrameHandler(void* uptr, void* tptr, uint64_t nwid, const MAC& from, const MAC& to, unsigned int etherType, unsigned int vlanId, const void* data, unsigned int len);

static int ShttpOnMessageBegin(http_parser* parser);
static int ShttpOnUrl(http_parser* parser, const char* ptr, size_t length);
#if (HTTP_PARSER_VERSION_MAJOR >= 2) && (HTTP_PARSER_VERSION_MINOR >= 2)
static int ShttpOnStatus(http_parser* parser, const char* ptr, size_t length);
#else
static int ShttpOnStatus(http_parser* parser);
#endif
static int ShttpOnHeaderField(http_parser* parser, const char* ptr, size_t length);
static int ShttpOnValue(http_parser* parser, const char* ptr, size_t length);
static int ShttpOnHeadersComplete(http_parser* parser);
static int ShttpOnBody(http_parser* parser, const char* ptr, size_t length);
static int ShttpOnMessageComplete(http_parser* parser);

#if (HTTP_PARSER_VERSION_MAJOR >= 2) && (HTTP_PARSER_VERSION_MINOR >= 1)
static const struct http_parser_settings HTTP_PARSER_SETTINGS = { ShttpOnMessageBegin, ShttpOnUrl, ShttpOnStatus, ShttpOnHeaderField, ShttpOnValue, ShttpOnHeadersComplete, ShttpOnBody, ShttpOnMessageComplete };
#else
static const struct http_parser_settings HTTP_PARSER_SETTINGS = { ShttpOnMessageBegin, ShttpOnUrl, ShttpOnHeaderField, ShttpOnValue, ShttpOnHeadersComplete, ShttpOnBody, ShttpOnMessageComplete };
#endif

/**
 * A TCP connection and related state and buffers
 */
struct TcpConnection {
	enum {
		TCP_UNCATEGORIZED_INCOMING,	  // uncategorized incoming connection
		TCP_HTTP_INCOMING,
		TCP_HTTP_OUTGOING,
		TCP_TUNNEL_OUTGOING	  // TUNNELED mode proxy outbound connection
	} type;

	OneServiceImpl* parent;
	PhySocket* sock;
	InetAddress remoteAddr;
	uint64_t lastReceive;

	// Used for inbound HTTP connections
	http_parser parser;
	unsigned long messageSize;
	std::string currentHeaderField;
	std::string currentHeaderValue;
	std::string url;
	std::string status;
	std::map<std::string, std::string> headers;

	std::string readq;
	std::string writeq;
	Mutex writeq_m;
};

struct PacketRecord {
	uint64_t now;
	int64_t sock;
	struct sockaddr_storage from;
	unsigned int size;
	uint8_t data[ZT_MAX_MTU];
};

class OneServiceImpl : public OneService {
  public:
	// begin member variables --------------------------------------------------

	const std::string _homePath;
	std::string _authToken;
	std::string _metricsToken;
	std::string _controllerDbPath;
	const std::string _networksPath;
	const std::string _moonsPath;

	EmbeddedNetworkController* _controller;
	Phy<OneServiceImpl*> _phy;
	Node* _node;
	SoftwareUpdater* _updater;
	bool _updateAutoApply;

	httplib::Server _controlPlane;
	httplib::Server _controlPlaneV6;
	std::thread _serverThread;
	std::thread _serverThreadV6;
	bool _serverThreadRunning;
	bool _serverThreadRunningV6;

	BlockingQueue<PacketRecord*> _rxPacketQueue;
	std::vector<PacketRecord*> _rxPacketVector;
	std::vector<std::thread> _rxPacketThreads;
	Mutex _rxPacketVector_m, _rxPacketThreads_m;
	bool _multicoreEnabled;
	bool _cpuPinningEnabled;
	unsigned int _concurrency;

	bool _allowTcpFallbackRelay;
	bool _forceTcpRelay;
	bool _allowSecondaryPort;
	bool _enableWebServer;

	unsigned int _primaryPort;
	unsigned int _secondaryPort;
	unsigned int _tertiaryPort;
	volatile unsigned int _udpPortPickerCounter;

	// Local configuration and memo-ized information from it
	json _localConfig;
	Hashtable<uint64_t, std::vector<InetAddress> > _v4Hints;
	Hashtable<uint64_t, std::vector<InetAddress> > _v6Hints;
	Hashtable<uint64_t, std::vector<InetAddress> > _v4Blacklists;
	Hashtable<uint64_t, std::vector<InetAddress> > _v6Blacklists;
	std::vector<InetAddress> _globalV4Blacklist;
	std::vector<InetAddress> _globalV6Blacklist;
	std::vector<InetAddress> _allowManagementFrom;
	std::vector<std::string> _interfacePrefixBlacklist;
	Mutex _localConfig_m;

	std::vector<InetAddress> explicitBind;

	/*
	 * To attempt to handle NAT/gateway craziness we use three local UDP ports:
	 *
	 * [0] is the normal/default port, usually 9993
	 * [1] is a port derived from our ZeroTier address
	 * [2] is a port computed from the normal/default for use with uPnP/NAT-PMP mappings
	 *
	 * [2] exists because on some gateways trying to do regular NAT-t interferes
	 * destructively with uPnP port mapping behavior in very weird buggy ways.
	 * It's only used if uPnP/NAT-PMP is enabled in this build.
	 */
	unsigned int _ports[3];
	Binder _binder;

	// Time we last received a packet from a global address
	uint64_t _lastDirectReceiveFromGlobal;
#ifdef ZT_TCP_FALLBACK_RELAY
	InetAddress _fallbackRelayAddress;
	uint64_t _lastSendToGlobalV4;
#endif

	// Last potential sleep/wake event
	uint64_t _lastRestart;

	// Deadline for the next background task service function
	volatile int64_t _nextBackgroundTaskDeadline;

	std::map<uint64_t, NetworkState> _nets;
	Mutex _nets_m;

	// Active TCP/IP connections
	std::vector<TcpConnection*> _tcpConnections;
	Mutex _tcpConnections_m;
	TcpConnection* _tcpFallbackTunnel;

	// Termination status information
	ReasonForTermination _termReason;
	std::string _fatalErrorMessage;
	Mutex _termReason_m;

	// uPnP/NAT-PMP port mapper if enabled
	bool _portMappingEnabled;	// local.conf settings
#ifdef ZT_USE_MINIUPNPC
	PortMapper* _portMapper;
#endif

	// HashiCorp Vault Settings
#if ZT_VAULT_SUPPORT
	bool _vaultEnabled;
	std::string _vaultURL;
	std::string _vaultToken;
	std::string _vaultPath;	  // defaults to cubbyhole/zerotier/identity.secret for per-access key storage
#endif

	// Set to false to force service to stop
	volatile bool _run;
	Mutex _run_m;

	RedisConfig* _rc;
	std::string _ssoRedirectURL;

#ifdef ZT_OPENTELEMETRY_ENABLED

	opentelemetry::nostd::shared_ptr<opentelemetry::v1::trace::TracerProvider> _traceProvider;
	std::string _exporterEndpoint;
	double _exporterSampleRate;
#endif

	// end member variables ----------------------------------------------------

	OneServiceImpl(const char* hp, unsigned int port)
		: _homePath((hp) ? hp : ".")
		, _controllerDbPath(_homePath + ZT_PATH_SEPARATOR_S "controller.d")
		, _networksPath(_homePath + ZT_PATH_SEPARATOR_S "networks.d")
		, _moonsPath(_homePath + ZT_PATH_SEPARATOR_S "moons.d")
		, _controller((EmbeddedNetworkController*)0)
		, _phy(this, false, true)
		, _node((Node*)0)
		, _updater((SoftwareUpdater*)0)
		, _updateAutoApply(false)
		, _controlPlane()
		, _controlPlaneV6()
		, _serverThread()
		, _serverThreadV6()
		, _serverThreadRunning(false)
		, _serverThreadRunningV6(false)
		, _forceTcpRelay(false)
		, _primaryPort(port)
		, _udpPortPickerCounter(0)
		, _lastDirectReceiveFromGlobal(0)
#ifdef ZT_TCP_FALLBACK_RELAY
		, _fallbackRelayAddress(ZT_TCP_FALLBACK_RELAY)
		, _lastSendToGlobalV4(0)
#endif
		, _lastRestart(0)
		, _nextBackgroundTaskDeadline(0)
		, _tcpFallbackTunnel((TcpConnection*)0)
		, _termReason(ONE_STILL_RUNNING)
		, _portMappingEnabled(true)
#ifdef ZT_USE_MINIUPNPC
		, _portMapper((PortMapper*)0)
#endif
#ifdef ZT_VAULT_SUPPORT
		, _vaultEnabled(false)
		, _vaultURL()
		, _vaultToken()
		, _vaultPath("cubbyhole/zerotier")
#endif
		, _run(true)
		, _rc(NULL)
		, _ssoRedirectURL()
#ifdef ZT_OPENTELEMETRY_ENABLED
		, _traceProvider(nullptr)
		, _exporterEndpoint()
		, _exporterSampleRate(1.0)
#endif
	{
		_ports[0] = 0;
		_ports[1] = 0;
		_ports[2] = 0;

		prometheus::simpleapi::saver.set_registry(prometheus::simpleapi::registry_ptr);
		prometheus::simpleapi::saver.set_delay(std::chrono::seconds(5));
		prometheus::simpleapi::saver.set_out_file(_homePath + ZT_PATH_SEPARATOR + "metrics.prom");

#if ZT_VAULT_SUPPORT
		curl_global_init(CURL_GLOBAL_DEFAULT);
#endif
	}

	virtual ~OneServiceImpl()
	{
#ifdef __WINDOWS__
		WinFWHelper::removeICMPRules();
#endif

		_rxPacketQueue.stop();
		_rxPacketThreads_m.lock();
		for (auto t = _rxPacketThreads.begin(); t != _rxPacketThreads.end(); ++t) {
			t->join();
		}
		_rxPacketThreads_m.unlock();
		_binder.closeAll(_phy);

#if ZT_VAULT_SUPPORT
		curl_global_cleanup();
#endif

		_controlPlane.stop();
		if (_serverThreadRunning) {
			_serverThread.join();
		}
		_controlPlaneV6.stop();
		if (_serverThreadRunningV6) {
			_serverThreadV6.join();
		}
		_rxPacketVector_m.lock();
		while (! _rxPacketVector.empty()) {
			delete _rxPacketVector.back();
			_rxPacketVector.pop_back();
		}
		_rxPacketVector_m.unlock();

#ifdef ZT_USE_MINIUPNPC
		delete _portMapper;
#endif
		delete _controller;
		delete _rc;
	}

	void setUpMultithreading()
	{
#if defined(__APPLE__) || defined(__OpenBSD__) || defined(__NetBSD__) || defined(__WINDOWS__)
		return;
#endif
		_node->initMultithreading(_concurrency, _cpuPinningEnabled);
		bool pinning = _cpuPinningEnabled;
	}

#ifdef ZT_OPENTELEMETRY_ENABLED
	void initTracing()
	{
		if (! _exporterEndpoint.empty() && _exporterSampleRate > 0.0) {
			fprintf(stderr, "OpenTelemetry tracing enabled with endpoint %s and sample rate %.2f\n", _exporterEndpoint.c_str(), _exporterSampleRate);
			// Set up OpenTelemetry exporter and tracer provider
			opentelemetry::v1::exporter::otlp::OtlpGrpcExporterOptions opts;
			opts.endpoint = _exporterEndpoint + "/v1/traces";
			auto exporter = std::unique_ptr<opentelemetry::exporter::otlp::OtlpGrpcExporter>(new opentelemetry::exporter::otlp::OtlpGrpcExporter(opts));

			sdktrace::BatchSpanProcessorOptions batch_options {};
			batch_options.schedule_delay_millis = std::chrono::milliseconds(5000);	 // 5 seconds

			auto processor = std::unique_ptr<sdktrace::SpanProcessor>(new sdktrace::BatchSpanProcessor(std::move(exporter), batch_options));
			auto processors = std::vector<std::unique_ptr<sdktrace::SpanProcessor> >();
			processors.push_back(std::move(processor));

			char buf[256];
			auto versionString = std::stringstream();
			versionString << ZEROTIER_ONE_VERSION_MAJOR << "." << ZEROTIER_ONE_VERSION_MINOR << "." << ZEROTIER_ONE_VERSION_REVISION;
			auto resource_attributes = sdkresource::ResourceAttributes { { "service.version", versionString.str() }, { "service.node_id", _node->identity().address().toString(buf) }, { "service.namespace", "com.zerotier.zerotier-one" } };
			auto resource = sdkresource::Resource::Create(resource_attributes);

			auto sampler = std::unique_ptr<sdktrace::Sampler>(new sdktrace::TraceIdRatioBasedSampler(_exporterSampleRate));
			auto tracer_context = std::make_unique<sdktrace::TracerContext>(std::move(processors), resource, std::move(sampler));
			_traceProvider = opentelemetry::nostd::shared_ptr<sdktrace::TracerProvider>(new sdktrace::TracerProvider(std::move(tracer_context)));
			sdktrace::Provider::SetTracerProvider(_traceProvider);
		}
	}

	void initMetrics()
	{
		if (! _exporterEndpoint.empty()) {
			// Set up OpenTelemetry metrics exporter
			// opentelemetry::exporter::otlp::OtlpGrpcExporterOptions opts;
			// opts.endpoint = _exporterEndpoint + "/v1/metrics";
			// auto exporter = std::unique_ptr<opentelemetry::exporter::otlp::OtlpGrpcExporter>(new opentelemetry::exporter::otlp::OtlpGrpcExporter(opts));
			// auto processor = std::unique_ptr<sdkmetrics::MetricReader>(new sdkmetrics::PeriodicExportingMetricReader(std::move(exporter)));
			// auto meter_provider = opentelemetry::v1::nostd::shared_ptr<sdkmetrics::MeterProvider>(new sdkmetrics::MeterProvider(std::move(processor)));
			// sdkmetrics::Provider::SetMeterProvider(meter_provider);
		}
	}

	void initLogging()
	{
		if (! _exporterEndpoint.empty()) {
			// Set up OpenTelemetry logging exporter
			// opentelemetry::exporter::otlp::OtlpGrpcExporterOptions opts;
			// opts.endpoint = _exporterEndpoint + "/v1/logs";
			// auto exporter = std::unique_ptr<opentelemetry::exporter::otlp::OtlpGrpcExporter>(new opentelemetry::exporter::otlp::OtlpGrpcExporter(opts));
			// auto processor = std::unique_ptr<opentelemetry::v1::sdk::logs::LogRecordProcessor>(new opentelemetry::v1::sdk::logs::SimpleLogRecordProcessor(std::move(exporter)));
			// auto logger_provider = opentelemetry::nostd::shared_ptr<opentelemetry::v1::sdk::logs::LoggerProvider>(new opentelemetry::v1::sdk::logs::LoggerProvider(std::move(processor)));
			// opentelemetry::logs::Provider::SetLoggerProvider(logger_provider);
		}
	}
#endif

	virtual ReasonForTermination run()
	{
		try {
			{
				const std::string authTokenPath(_homePath + ZT_PATH_SEPARATOR_S "authtoken.secret");
				if (! OSUtils::readFile(authTokenPath.c_str(), _authToken)) {
					unsigned char foo[24];
					Utils::getSecureRandom(foo, sizeof(foo));
					_authToken = "";
					for (unsigned int i = 0; i < sizeof(foo); ++i)
						_authToken.push_back("abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789"[(unsigned long)foo[i] % 36]);
					if (! OSUtils::writeFile(authTokenPath.c_str(), _authToken)) {
						Mutex::Lock _l(_termReason_m);
						_termReason = ONE_UNRECOVERABLE_ERROR;
						_fatalErrorMessage = "authtoken.secret could not be written (try running with -U to prevent dropping of privileges)";
						return _termReason;
					}
					else {
						OSUtils::lockDownFile(authTokenPath.c_str(), false);
					}
				}
				_authToken = _trimString(_authToken);
			}

			{
				const std::string metricsTokenPath(_homePath + ZT_PATH_SEPARATOR_S "metricstoken.secret");
				if (! OSUtils::readFile(metricsTokenPath.c_str(), _metricsToken)) {
					unsigned char foo[24];
					Utils::getSecureRandom(foo, sizeof(foo));
					_metricsToken = "";
					for (unsigned int i = 0; i < sizeof(foo); ++i)
						_metricsToken.push_back("abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789"[(unsigned long)foo[i] % 36]);
					if (! OSUtils::writeFile(metricsTokenPath.c_str(), _metricsToken)) {
						Mutex::Lock _l(_termReason_m);
						_termReason = ONE_UNRECOVERABLE_ERROR;
						_fatalErrorMessage = "metricstoken.secret could not be written (try running with -U to prevent dropping of privileges)";
						return _termReason;
					}
					else {
						OSUtils::lockDownFile(metricsTokenPath.c_str(), false);
					}
				}
				_metricsToken = _trimString(_metricsToken);
			}

			{
				struct ZT_Node_Callbacks cb;
				cb.version = 0;
				cb.stateGetFunction = SnodeStateGetFunction;
				cb.statePutFunction = SnodeStatePutFunction;
				cb.wirePacketSendFunction = SnodeWirePacketSendFunction;
				cb.virtualNetworkFrameFunction = SnodeVirtualNetworkFrameFunction;
				cb.virtualNetworkConfigFunction = SnodeVirtualNetworkConfigFunction;
				cb.eventCallback = SnodeEventCallback;
				cb.pathCheckFunction = SnodePathCheckFunction;
				cb.pathLookupFunction = SnodePathLookupFunction;
				_node = new Node(this, (void*)0, &cb, OSUtils::now());
			}

			// local.conf
			readLocalSettings();
			applyLocalConfig();

#ifdef ZT_OPENTELEMETRY_ENABLED
			fprintf(stderr, "OneServiceImpl::run: initializing OpenTelemetry...\n");
			initTracing();
			initMetrics();
			initLogging();
#endif

			// Save original port number to show it if bind error
			const int _configuredPort = _primaryPort;

			// Make sure we can use the primary port, and hunt for one if configured to do so
			const int portTrials = (_primaryPort == 0) ? 256 : 1;	// if port is 0, pick random
			for (int k = 0; k < portTrials; ++k) {
				if (_primaryPort == 0) {
					unsigned int randp = 0;
					Utils::getSecureRandom(&randp, sizeof(randp));
					_primaryPort = 20000 + (randp % 45500);
				}
				if (_trialBind(_primaryPort)) {
					_ports[0] = _primaryPort;
				}
				else {
					_primaryPort = 0;
				}
			}
			if (_ports[0] == 0) {
				Mutex::Lock _l(_termReason_m);
				_termReason = ONE_UNRECOVERABLE_ERROR;
				_fatalErrorMessage = std::string("cannot bind to local control interface port ") + std::to_string(_configuredPort);
				return _termReason;
			}

			// Save primary port to a file so CLIs and GUIs can learn it easily
			char portstr[64];
			OSUtils::ztsnprintf(portstr, sizeof(portstr), "%u", _ports[0]);
			OSUtils::writeFile((_homePath + ZT_PATH_SEPARATOR_S "zerotier-one.port").c_str(), std::string(portstr));

			// Attempt to bind to a secondary port.
			// This exists because there are buggy NATs out there that fail if more
			// than one device behind the same NAT tries to use the same internal
			// private address port number. Buggy NATs are a running theme.
			//
			// This used to pick the secondary port based on the node ID until we
			// discovered another problem: buggy routers and malicious traffic
			// "detection".  A lot of routers have such things built in these days
			// and mis-detect ZeroTier traffic as malicious and block it resulting
			// in a node that appears to be in a coma.  Secondary ports are now
			// randomized on startup.
			if (_allowSecondaryPort) {
				if (_secondaryPort) {
					_ports[1] = _secondaryPort;
				}
				else {
					_ports[1] = _getRandomPort();
				}
			}
#ifdef ZT_USE_MINIUPNPC
			if (_portMappingEnabled) {
				// If we're running uPnP/NAT-PMP, bind a *third* port for that. We can't
				// use the other two ports for that because some NATs do really funky
				// stuff with ports that are explicitly mapped that breaks things.
				if (_tertiaryPort) {
					_ports[2] = _tertiaryPort;
				}
				else {
					_ports[2] = _tertiaryPort = _getRandomPort();
				}

				if (_ports[2]) {
					char uniqueName[64];
					OSUtils::ztsnprintf(uniqueName, sizeof(uniqueName), "ZeroTier/%.10llx@%u", _node->address(), _ports[2]);
					_portMapper = new PortMapper(_ports[2], uniqueName);
				}
			}
#endif

#ifdef ZT_EXTOSDEP
			{
				int mgmtfd;
				void* mgmtcookie;
				ExtOsdep::started(&mgmtfd, &mgmtcookie);
				_phy.wrapSocket(mgmtfd, mgmtcookie);
			}
#endif

			// Delete legacy iddb.d if present (cleanup)
			OSUtils::rmDashRf((_homePath + ZT_PATH_SEPARATOR_S "iddb.d").c_str());

			// Network controller is now enabled by default for desktop and server
			_controller = new EmbeddedNetworkController(_node, _homePath.c_str(), _controllerDbPath.c_str(), _ports[0], _rc);
			if (! _ssoRedirectURL.empty()) {
				_controller->setSSORedirectURL(_ssoRedirectURL);
			}
			_node->setNetconfMaster((void*)_controller);

			startHTTPControlPlane();

			// Join existing networks in networks.d
			{
				std::vector<std::string> networksDotD(OSUtils::listDirectory((_homePath + ZT_PATH_SEPARATOR_S "networks.d").c_str()));
				for (std::vector<std::string>::iterator f(networksDotD.begin()); f != networksDotD.end(); ++f) {
					std::size_t dot = f->find_last_of('.');
					if ((dot == 16) && (f->substr(16) == ".conf"))
						_node->join(Utils::hexStrToU64(f->substr(0, dot).c_str()), (void*)0, (void*)0);
				}
			}

			// Orbit existing moons in moons.d
			{
				std::vector<std::string> moonsDotD(OSUtils::listDirectory((_homePath + ZT_PATH_SEPARATOR_S "moons.d").c_str()));
				for (std::vector<std::string>::iterator f(moonsDotD.begin()); f != moonsDotD.end(); ++f) {
					std::size_t dot = f->find_last_of('.');
					if ((dot == 16) && (f->substr(16) == ".moon"))
						_node->orbit((void*)0, Utils::hexStrToU64(f->substr(0, dot).c_str()), 0);
				}
			}

			// Main I/O loop
			_nextBackgroundTaskDeadline = 0;
			int64_t clockShouldBe = OSUtils::now();
			_lastRestart = clockShouldBe;
			int64_t lastTapMulticastGroupCheck = 0;
			int64_t lastBindRefresh = 0;
			int64_t lastUpdateCheck = clockShouldBe;
			int64_t lastCleanedPeersDb = 0;
			int64_t lastLocalConfFileCheck = OSUtils::now();
			int64_t lastOnline = lastLocalConfFileCheck;

			for (;;) {
				_run_m.lock();
				if (! _run) {
					_run_m.unlock();
					_termReason_m.lock();
					_termReason = ONE_NORMAL_TERMINATION;
					_termReason_m.unlock();
					break;
				}
				else {
					_run_m.unlock();
				}

				const int64_t now = OSUtils::now();

				// Attempt to detect sleep/wake events by detecting delay overruns
				bool restarted = false;
				if ((now > clockShouldBe) && ((now - clockShouldBe) > 10000)) {
					_lastRestart = now;
					restarted = true;
				}

				// Check for updates (if enabled)
				if ((_updater) && ((now - lastUpdateCheck) > 10000)) {
					lastUpdateCheck = now;
					if (_updater->check(now) && _updateAutoApply)
						_updater->apply();
				}

				// Reload local.conf if anything changed recently
				if ((now - lastLocalConfFileCheck) >= ZT_LOCAL_CONF_FILE_CHECK_INTERVAL) {
					lastLocalConfFileCheck = now;
					struct stat result;
					if (stat((_homePath + ZT_PATH_SEPARATOR_S "local.conf").c_str(), &result) == 0) {
						int64_t mod_time = result.st_mtime * 1000;
						if ((now - mod_time) <= ZT_LOCAL_CONF_FILE_CHECK_INTERVAL) {
							readLocalSettings();
							applyLocalConfig();
						}
					}
				}

				// Refresh bindings in case device's interfaces have changed, and also sync routes to update any shadow routes (e.g. shadow default)
				if (((now - lastBindRefresh) >= (_node->bondController()->inUse() ? ZT_BINDER_REFRESH_PERIOD / 4 : ZT_BINDER_REFRESH_PERIOD)) || restarted) {
					// If secondary port is not configured to a constant value and we've been offline for a while,
					// bind a new secondary port. This is a workaround for a "coma" issue caused by buggy NATs that stop
					// working on one port after a while.
					if (_secondaryPort == 0) {
						if (_node->online()) {
							lastOnline = now;
						}
						else if (now - lastOnline > (ZT_PEER_PING_PERIOD * 2) || restarted) {
							lastOnline = now;	// don't keep changing the port before we have a chance to connect
							_ports[1] = _getRandomPort();

#if ZT_DEBUG == 1
							fprintf(stderr, "Randomized secondary port. Now it's %d\n", _ports[1]);
#endif
						}
					}

					unsigned int p[3];
					unsigned int pc = 0;
					for (int i = 0; i < 3; ++i) {
						if (_ports[i])
							p[pc++] = _ports[i];
					}
					if (! _forceTcpRelay) {
						// Only bother binding UDP ports if we aren't forcing TCP-relay mode
						_binder.refresh(_phy, p, pc, explicitBind, *this);
					}

					lastBindRefresh = now;

					// Sync information about physical network interfaces
					_node->clearLocalInterfaceAddresses();
#ifdef ZT_USE_MINIUPNPC
					if (_portMapper) {
						std::vector<InetAddress> mappedAddresses(_portMapper->get());
						for (std::vector<InetAddress>::const_iterator ext(mappedAddresses.begin()); ext != mappedAddresses.end(); ++ext)
							_node->addLocalInterfaceAddress(reinterpret_cast<const struct sockaddr_storage*>(&(*ext)));
					}
#endif
					std::vector<InetAddress> boundAddrs(_binder.allBoundLocalInterfaceAddresses());
					for (std::vector<InetAddress>::const_iterator i(boundAddrs.begin()); i != boundAddrs.end(); ++i) {
						_node->addLocalInterfaceAddress(reinterpret_cast<const struct sockaddr_storage*>(&(*i)));
					}

					{
						Mutex::Lock _l(_nets_m);
						for (std::map<uint64_t, NetworkState>::iterator n(_nets.begin()); n != _nets.end(); ++n) {
							if (n->second.tap())
								syncManagedStuff(n->second, false, true, false);
						}
					}
				}

				// Run background task processor in core if it's time to do so
				int64_t dl = _nextBackgroundTaskDeadline;
				if (dl <= now) {
					_node->processBackgroundTasks((void*)0, now, &_nextBackgroundTaskDeadline);
					dl = _nextBackgroundTaskDeadline;
				}

				// Close TCP fallback tunnel if we have direct UDP
				if (! _forceTcpRelay && (_tcpFallbackTunnel) && ((now - _lastDirectReceiveFromGlobal) < (ZT_TCP_FALLBACK_AFTER / 2))) {
					_phy.close(_tcpFallbackTunnel->sock);
				}

				// Sync multicast group memberships
				if ((now - lastTapMulticastGroupCheck) >= ZT_TAP_CHECK_MULTICAST_INTERVAL) {
					lastTapMulticastGroupCheck = now;
					std::vector<std::pair<uint64_t, std::pair<std::vector<MulticastGroup>, std::vector<MulticastGroup> > > > mgChanges;
					{
						Mutex::Lock _l(_nets_m);
						mgChanges.reserve(_nets.size() + 1);
						for (std::map<uint64_t, NetworkState>::const_iterator n(_nets.begin()); n != _nets.end(); ++n) {
							if (n->second.tap()) {
								mgChanges.push_back(std::pair<uint64_t, std::pair<std::vector<MulticastGroup>, std::vector<MulticastGroup> > >(n->first, std::pair<std::vector<MulticastGroup>, std::vector<MulticastGroup> >()));
								n->second.tap()->scanMulticastGroups(mgChanges.back().second.first, mgChanges.back().second.second);
							}
						}
					}
					for (std::vector<std::pair<uint64_t, std::pair<std::vector<MulticastGroup>, std::vector<MulticastGroup> > > >::iterator c(mgChanges.begin()); c != mgChanges.end(); ++c) {
						for (std::vector<MulticastGroup>::iterator m(c->second.first.begin()); m != c->second.first.end(); ++m)
							_node->multicastSubscribe((void*)0, c->first, m->mac().toInt(), m->adi());
						for (std::vector<MulticastGroup>::iterator m(c->second.second.begin()); m != c->second.second.end(); ++m)
							_node->multicastUnsubscribe(c->first, m->mac().toInt(), m->adi());
					}
				}

				// Clean peers.d periodically
				if ((now - lastCleanedPeersDb) >= 3600000) {
					lastCleanedPeersDb = now;
					OSUtils::cleanDirectory((_homePath + ZT_PATH_SEPARATOR_S "peers.d").c_str(), now - 2592000000LL);	// delete older than 30 days
				}

				const unsigned long delay = (dl > now) ? (unsigned long)(dl - now) : 500;
				clockShouldBe = now + (int64_t)delay;
				_phy.poll(delay);
			}
		}
		catch (std::exception& e) {
			Mutex::Lock _l(_termReason_m);
			_termReason = ONE_UNRECOVERABLE_ERROR;
			_fatalErrorMessage = std::string("unexpected exception in main thread: ") + e.what();
		}
		catch (int e) {
			Mutex::Lock _l(_termReason_m);
			_termReason = ONE_UNRECOVERABLE_ERROR;
			switch (e) {
				case ZT_EXCEPTION_OUT_OF_BOUNDS: {
					_fatalErrorMessage = "out of bounds exception";
					break;
				}
				case ZT_EXCEPTION_OUT_OF_MEMORY: {
					_fatalErrorMessage = "out of memory";
					break;
				}
				case ZT_EXCEPTION_PRIVATE_KEY_REQUIRED: {
					_fatalErrorMessage = "private key required";
					break;
				}
				case ZT_EXCEPTION_INVALID_ARGUMENT: {
					_fatalErrorMessage = "invalid argument";
					break;
				}
				case ZT_EXCEPTION_INVALID_IDENTITY: {
					_fatalErrorMessage = "invalid identity loaded from disk. Please remove identity.public and identity.secret from " + _homePath + " and try again";
					break;
				}
				case ZT_EXCEPTION_INVALID_SERIALIZED_DATA_INVALID_TYPE: {
					_fatalErrorMessage = "invalid serialized data: invalid type";
					break;
				}
				case ZT_EXCEPTION_INVALID_SERIALIZED_DATA_OVERFLOW: {
					_fatalErrorMessage = "invalid serialized data: overflow";
					break;
				}
				case ZT_EXCEPTION_INVALID_SERIALIZED_DATA_INVALID_CRYPTOGRAPHIC_TOKEN: {
					_fatalErrorMessage = "invalid serialized data: invalid cryptographic token";
					break;
				}
				case ZT_EXCEPTION_INVALID_SERIALIZED_DATA_BAD_ENCODING: {
					_fatalErrorMessage = "invalid serialized data: bad encoding";
					break;
				}
				default: {
					_fatalErrorMessage = "unexpected exception code: " + std::to_string(e);
					break;
				}
			}
		}
		catch (...) {
			Mutex::Lock _l(_termReason_m);
			_termReason = ONE_UNRECOVERABLE_ERROR;
			_fatalErrorMessage = "unexpected exception in main thread: unknown exception";
		}

		try {
			Mutex::Lock _l(_tcpConnections_m);
			while (! _tcpConnections.empty())
				_phy.close((*_tcpConnections.begin())->sock);
		}
		catch (...) {
		}

		{
			Mutex::Lock _l(_nets_m);
			_nets.clear();
		}

		delete _updater;
		_updater = (SoftwareUpdater*)0;
		delete _node;
		_node = (Node*)0;

		return _termReason;
	}

	void readLocalSettings()
	{
		// Read local configuration
		std::map<InetAddress, ZT_PhysicalPathConfiguration> ppc;

		// LEGACY: support old "trustedpaths" flat file
		FILE* trustpaths = fopen((_homePath + ZT_PATH_SEPARATOR_S "trustedpaths").c_str(), "r");
		if (trustpaths) {
			fprintf(stderr, "WARNING: 'trustedpaths' flat file format is deprecated in favor of path definitions in local.conf" ZT_EOL_S);
			char buf[1024];
			while (fgets(buf, sizeof(buf), trustpaths)) {
				int fno = 0;
				char* saveptr = (char*)0;
				uint64_t trustedPathId = 0;
				InetAddress trustedPathNetwork;
				for (char* f = Utils::stok(buf, "=\r\n \t", &saveptr); (f); f = Utils::stok((char*)0, "=\r\n \t", &saveptr)) {
					if (fno == 0) {
						trustedPathId = Utils::hexStrToU64(f);
					}
					else if (fno == 1) {
						trustedPathNetwork = InetAddress(f);
					}
					else
						break;
					++fno;
				}
				if ((trustedPathId != 0) && ((trustedPathNetwork.ss_family == AF_INET) || (trustedPathNetwork.ss_family == AF_INET6)) && (trustedPathNetwork.netmaskBits() > 0)) {
					ppc[trustedPathNetwork].trustedPathId = trustedPathId;
					ppc[trustedPathNetwork].mtu = 0;   // use default
				}
			}
			fclose(trustpaths);
		}

		// Read local config file
		Mutex::Lock _l2(_localConfig_m);
		std::string lcbuf;
		if (OSUtils::readFile((_homePath + ZT_PATH_SEPARATOR_S "local.conf").c_str(), lcbuf)) {
			if (lcbuf.length() > 0) {
				try {
					_localConfig = OSUtils::jsonParse(lcbuf);
					if (! _localConfig.is_object()) {
						fprintf(stderr, "ERROR: unable to parse local.conf (root element is not a JSON object)" ZT_EOL_S);
						exit(1);
					}
				}
				catch (...) {
					fprintf(stderr, "ERROR: unable to parse local.conf (invalid JSON)" ZT_EOL_S);
					exit(1);
				}
			}
		}

		// Make a copy so lookups don't modify in place;
		json lc(_localConfig);

		// Get any trusted paths in local.conf (we'll parse the rest of physical[] elsewhere)
		json& physical = lc["physical"];
		if (physical.is_object()) {
			for (json::iterator phy(physical.begin()); phy != physical.end(); ++phy) {
				InetAddress net(OSUtils::jsonString(phy.key(), "").c_str());
				if (net) {
					if (phy.value().is_object()) {
						uint64_t tpid;
						if ((tpid = OSUtils::jsonInt(phy.value()["trustedPathId"], 0ULL)) != 0ULL) {
							if ((net.ss_family == AF_INET) || (net.ss_family == AF_INET6))
								ppc[net].trustedPathId = tpid;
						}
						ppc[net].mtu = (int)OSUtils::jsonInt(phy.value()["mtu"], 0ULL);	  // 0 means use default
					}
				}
			}
		}

		json& settings = lc["settings"];
		if (settings.is_object()) {
			// Allow controller DB path to be put somewhere else
			const std::string cdbp(OSUtils::jsonString(settings["controllerDbPath"], ""));
			if (cdbp.length() > 0)
				_controllerDbPath = cdbp;

			_ssoRedirectURL = OSUtils::jsonString(settings["ssoRedirectURL"], "");

#ifdef ZT_CONTROLLER_USE_LIBPQ
			// TODO:  Redis config
			json& redis = settings["redis"];
			if (redis.is_object() && _rc == NULL) {
				_rc = new RedisConfig;
				_rc->hostname = OSUtils::jsonString(redis["hostname"], "");
				_rc->port = OSUtils::jsonInt(redis["port"], 0);
				_rc->password = OSUtils::jsonString(redis["password"], "");
				_rc->clusterMode = OSUtils::jsonBool(redis["clusterMode"], false);
			}
#endif

#ifdef ZT_OPENTELEMETRY_ENABLED
			json& otel = settings["otel"];
			if (otel.is_object()) {
				_exporterEndpoint = OSUtils::jsonString(otel["exporterEndpoint"], "");
				_exporterSampleRate = OSUtils::jsonDouble(otel["exporterSampleRate"], 1.0f);
				if (_exporterEndpoint.empty()) {
					fprintf(stderr, "WARNING: OpenTelemetry exporter endpoint is not set. Traces will not be exported." ZT_EOL_S);
				}
				if (_exporterSampleRate <= 0.0) {
					fprintf(stderr, "WARNING: OpenTelemetry exporter sample rate is not set or invalid. Traces will not be exported." ZT_EOL_S);
				}
			}
			else {
				fprintf(stderr, "WARNING: OpenTelemetry exporter settings are not set. Traces will not be exported." ZT_EOL_S);
			}
#else
			fprintf(stderr, "WARNING: OpenTelemetry support is not enabled. Traces will not be exported." ZT_EOL_S);
#endif

			// Bind to wildcard instead of to specific interfaces (disables full tunnel capability)
			json& bind = settings["bind"];
			if (bind.is_array()) {
				for (unsigned long i = 0; i < bind.size(); ++i) {
					const std::string ips(OSUtils::jsonString(bind[i], ""));
					if (ips.length() > 0) {
						InetAddress ip(ips.c_str());
						if ((ip.ss_family == AF_INET) || (ip.ss_family == AF_INET6))
							explicitBind.push_back(ip);
					}
				}
			}
		}

		// Set trusted paths if there are any
		if (! ppc.empty()) {
			for (std::map<InetAddress, ZT_PhysicalPathConfiguration>::iterator i(ppc.begin()); i != ppc.end(); ++i)
				_node->setPhysicalPathConfiguration(reinterpret_cast<const struct sockaddr_storage*>(&(i->first)), &(i->second));
		}
	}

	virtual ReasonForTermination reasonForTermination() const
	{
		Mutex::Lock _l(_termReason_m);
		return _termReason;
	}

	virtual std::string fatalErrorMessage() const
	{
		Mutex::Lock _l(_termReason_m);
		return _fatalErrorMessage;
	}

	virtual std::string portDeviceName(uint64_t nwid) const
	{
		Mutex::Lock _l(_nets_m);
		std::map<uint64_t, NetworkState>::const_iterator n(_nets.find(nwid));
		if ((n != _nets.end()) && (n->second.tap()))
			return n->second.tap()->deviceName();
		else
			return std::string();
	}

#ifdef ZT_SDK
	virtual std::string givenHomePath()
	{
		return _homePath;
	}

	void getRoutes(uint64_t nwid, void* routeArray, unsigned int* numRoutes)
	{
		Mutex::Lock _l(_nets_m);
		NetworkState& n = _nets[nwid];
		*numRoutes = *numRoutes < n.config().routeCount ? *numRoutes : n.config().routeCount;
		for (unsigned int i = 0; i < *numRoutes; i++) {
			ZT_VirtualNetworkRoute* vnr = (ZT_VirtualNetworkRoute*)routeArray;
			memcpy(&vnr[i], &(n.config().routes[i]), sizeof(ZT_VirtualNetworkRoute));
		}
	}

	virtual Node* getNode()
	{
		return _node;
	}
#endif	 // ZT_SDK

	virtual void terminate()
	{
		_run_m.lock();

		_run = false;
		_run_m.unlock();
		_phy.whack();
	}

	virtual bool getNetworkSettings(const uint64_t nwid, NetworkSettings& settings) const
	{
		Mutex::Lock _l(_nets_m);
		std::map<uint64_t, NetworkState>::const_iterator n(_nets.find(nwid));
		if (n == _nets.end())
			return false;
		settings = n->second.settings();
		return true;
	}

	virtual bool setNetworkSettings(const uint64_t nwid, const NetworkSettings& settings)
	{
		char nlcpath[4096];
		OSUtils::ztsnprintf(nlcpath, sizeof(nlcpath), "%s" ZT_PATH_SEPARATOR_S "%.16llx.local.conf", _networksPath.c_str(), nwid);
		FILE* out = fopen(nlcpath, "w");
		if (out) {
			fprintf(out, "allowManaged=%d\n", (int)settings.allowManaged);
			fprintf(out, "allowGlobal=%d\n", (int)settings.allowGlobal);
			fprintf(out, "allowDefault=%d\n", (int)settings.allowDefault);
			fprintf(out, "allowDNS=%d\n", (int)settings.allowDNS);
			fclose(out);
		}

		return true;
	}

	// Internal HTTP Control Plane
	void startHTTPControlPlane()
	{
		// control plane endpoints
		std::string bondShowPath = "/bond/show/([0-9a-fA-F]{10})";
		std::string bondRotatePath = "/bond/rotate/([0-9a-fA-F]{10})";
		std::string setBondMtuPath = "/bond/setmtu/([0-9]{1,6})/([a-zA-Z0-9_]{1,16})/([0-9a-fA-F\\.\\:]{1,39})";
		std::string configPath = "/config";
		std::string configPostPath = "/config/settings";
		std::string healthPath = "/health";
		std::string moonListPath = "/moon";
		std::string moonPath = "/moon/([0-9a-fA-F]{10})";
		std::string networkListPath = "/network";
		std::string networkPath = "/network/([0-9a-fA-F]{16})";
		std::string peerListPath = "/peer";
		std::string peerPath = "/peer/([0-9a-fA-F]{10})";
		std::string statusPath = "/status";
		std::string metricsPath = "/metrics";

		std::vector<std::string> noAuthEndpoints { "/sso", "/health" };

		auto setContent = [=](const httplib::Request& req, httplib::Response& res, std::string content) {
			if (req.has_param("jsonp")) {
				if (content.length() > 0) {
					res.set_content(req.get_param_value("jsonp") + "(" + content + ");", "application/javascript");
				}
				else {
					res.set_content(req.get_param_value("jsonp") + "(null);", "application/javascript");
				}
			}
			else {
				if (content.length() > 0) {
					res.set_content(content, "application/json");
				}
				else {
					res.set_content("{}", "application/json");
				}
			}
		};

		//
		// static file server for app ui'
		//
		if (_enableWebServer) {
			static std::string appUiPath = "/app";
			static char appUiDir[16384];
			sprintf(appUiDir, "%s%s", _homePath.c_str(), appUiPath.c_str());

			auto ret = _controlPlane.set_mount_point(appUiPath, appUiDir);
			_controlPlaneV6.set_mount_point(appUiPath, appUiDir);
			if (! ret) {
				fprintf(stderr, "Mounting app directory failed. Creating it. Path: %s - Dir: %s\n", appUiPath.c_str(), appUiDir);
				if (! OSUtils::mkdir(appUiDir)) {
					fprintf(stderr, "Could not create app directory either. Path: %s - Dir: %s\n", appUiPath.c_str(), appUiDir);
				}
				else {
					ret = _controlPlane.set_mount_point(appUiPath, appUiDir);
					_controlPlaneV6.set_mount_point(appUiPath, appUiDir);
					if (! ret) {
						fprintf(stderr, "Really could not create and mount directory. Path: %s - Dir: %s\nWeb apps won't work.\n", appUiPath.c_str(), appUiDir);
					}
				}
			}

			if (ret) {
				// fallback to /index.html for paths that don't exist for SPAs
				auto indexFallbackGet = [](const httplib::Request& req, httplib::Response& res) {
					// fprintf(stderr, "fallback \n");

					auto match = req.matches[1];
					if (match.matched) {
						// fallback
						char indexHtmlPath[16384];
						sprintf(indexHtmlPath, "%s/%s/%s", appUiDir, match.str().c_str(), "index.html");
						// fprintf(stderr, "fallback path %s\n", indexHtmlPath);

						std::string indexHtml;

						if (! OSUtils::readFile(indexHtmlPath, indexHtml)) {
							res.status = 500;
							return;
						}

						res.set_content(indexHtml.c_str(), "text/html");
					}
					else {
						res.status = 500;
						return;
					}
				};

				auto slashRedirect = [](const httplib::Request& req, httplib::Response& res) {
					// fprintf(stderr, "redirect \n");

					// add .html
					std::string htmlFile;
					char htmlPath[16384];
					sprintf(htmlPath, "%s%s%s", appUiDir, (req.path).substr(appUiPath.length()).c_str(), ".html");
					// fprintf(stderr, "path: %s\n", htmlPath);
					if (OSUtils::readFile(htmlPath, htmlFile)) {
						res.set_content(htmlFile.c_str(), "text/html");
						return;
					}
					else {
						res.status = 301;
						res.set_header("location", req.path + "/");
					}
				};

				// auto missingAssetGet = [&, setContent](const httplib::Request &req, httplib::Response &res) {
				// 	fprintf(stderr, "missing \n");
				// 	res.status = 404;
				// 	std::string html = "oops";
				// 	res.set_content(html, "text/plain");
				// 	res.set_header("Content-Type", "text/plain");
				// 	return;
				// };

				// auto fix no trailing slash by adding .html or redirecting to path/
				_controlPlane.Get(appUiPath + R"((/[\w|-]+)+$)", slashRedirect);
				_controlPlaneV6.Get(appUiPath + R"((/[\w|-]+)+$)", slashRedirect);

				// // 404 missing assets for *.ext paths
				//   s.Get(appUiPath + R"(/\.\w+$)", missingAssetGet);
				// sv6.Get(appUiPath + R"(/\.\w+$)", missingAssetGet);

				// fallback to index.html for unknown paths/files
				_controlPlane.Get(appUiPath + R"((/[\w|-]+)(/[\w|-]+)*/$)", indexFallbackGet);
				_controlPlaneV6.Get(appUiPath + R"((/[\w|-]+)(/[\w|-]+)*/$)", indexFallbackGet);
			}
		}

		auto authCheck = [=](const httplib::Request& req, httplib::Response& res) {
			auto provider = opentelemetry::trace::Provider::GetTracerProvider();
			auto tracer = provider->GetTracer("http_control_plane");
			auto span = tracer->StartSpan("http_control_plane::authCheck");
			auto scope = tracer->WithActiveSpan(span);

			if (req.path == "/metrics") {
				auto mspan = tracer->StartSpan("http_control_plane::metricsAuth");
				auto mscope = tracer->WithActiveSpan(mspan);
				if (req.has_header("x-zt1-auth")) {
					std::string token = req.get_header_value("x-zt1-auth");
					if (token == _metricsToken || token == _authToken) {
						return httplib::Server::HandlerResponse::Unhandled;
					}
				}
				else if (req.has_param("auth")) {
					std::string token = req.get_param_value("auth");
					if (token == _metricsToken || token == _authToken) {
						return httplib::Server::HandlerResponse::Unhandled;
					}
				}
				else if (req.has_header("authorization")) {
					std::string auth = req.get_header_value("authorization");
					if (bearerTokenValid(auth, _metricsToken) || bearerTokenValid(auth, _authToken)) {
						return httplib::Server::HandlerResponse::Unhandled;
					}
				}

				span->SetAttribute("auth", "failed");
				setContent(req, res, "{}");
				res.status = 401;
				return httplib::Server::HandlerResponse::Handled;
			}
			else {
				std::string r = req.remote_addr;
				InetAddress remoteAddr(r.c_str());

				bool ipAllowed = false;
				bool isAuth = false;
				// If localhost, allow
				if (remoteAddr.ipScope() == InetAddress::IP_SCOPE_LOOPBACK) {
					ipAllowed = true;
				}

				if (! ipAllowed) {
					for (auto i = _allowManagementFrom.begin(); i != _allowManagementFrom.end(); ++i) {
						if (i->containsAddress(remoteAddr)) {
							ipAllowed = true;
							break;
						}
					}
				}

				if (ipAllowed) {
					// auto-pass endpoints in `noAuthEndpoints`.  No auth token required
					if (std::find(noAuthEndpoints.begin(), noAuthEndpoints.end(), req.path) != noAuthEndpoints.end()) {
						isAuth = true;
					}

					// Web Apps base path
					if (req.path.rfind("/app", 0) == 0) {	// starts with /app
						isAuth = true;
					}

					if (! isAuth) {
						// check auth token
						if (req.has_header("x-zt1-auth")) {
							std::string token = req.get_header_value("x-zt1-auth");
							if (token == _authToken) {
								isAuth = true;
							}
						}
						else if (req.has_param("auth")) {
							std::string token = req.get_param_value("auth");
							if (token == _authToken) {
								isAuth = true;
							}
						}
						else if (req.has_header("authorization")) {
							std::string auth = req.get_header_value("authorization");
							isAuth = bearerTokenValid(auth, _authToken);
						}
					}
				}

				span->SetAttribute("ipAllowed", ipAllowed);

				if (ipAllowed && isAuth) {
					return httplib::Server::HandlerResponse::Unhandled;
				}

				span->SetAttribute("auth", "failed");
				setContent(req, res, "{}");
				res.status = 401;
				return httplib::Server::HandlerResponse::Handled;
			}
		};

		auto bondShow = [&, setContent](const httplib::Request& req, httplib::Response& res) {
			auto provider = opentelemetry::trace::Provider::GetTracerProvider();
			auto tracer = provider->GetTracer("http_control_plane");
			auto span = tracer->StartSpan("http_control_plane::bondShow");
			auto scope = tracer->WithActiveSpan(span);

			if (! _node->bondController()->inUse()) {
				setContent(req, res, "");
				res.status = 400;
				return;
			}

			ZT_PeerList* pl = _node->peers();
			if (pl) {
				bool foundBond = false;
				auto id = req.matches[1];
				auto out = json::object();
				uint64_t wantp = Utils::hexStrToU64(id.str().c_str());
				for (unsigned long i = 0; i < pl->peerCount; ++i) {
					if (pl->peers[i].address == wantp) {
						SharedPtr<Bond> bond = _node->bondController()->getBondByPeerId(wantp);
						if (bond) {
							_peerToJson(out, &(pl->peers[i]), bond, (_tcpFallbackTunnel != (TcpConnection*)0));
							setContent(req, res, out.dump());
							foundBond = true;
						}
						else {
							setContent(req, res, "");
							res.status = 400;
						}
						break;
					}
				}
				if (! foundBond) {
					setContent(req, res, "");
					res.status = 400;
				}
			}
			_node->freeQueryResult((void*)pl);
		};
		_controlPlane.Get(bondShowPath, bondShow);
		_controlPlaneV6.Get(bondShowPath, bondShow);

		auto bondRotate = [&, setContent](const httplib::Request& req, httplib::Response& res) {
			auto provider = opentelemetry::trace::Provider::GetTracerProvider();
			auto tracer = provider->GetTracer("http_control_plane");
			auto span = tracer->StartSpan("http_control_plane::bondRotate");
			auto scope = tracer->WithActiveSpan(span);

			if (! _node->bondController()->inUse()) {
				setContent(req, res, "");
				res.status = 400;
				return;
			}
			auto bondID = req.matches[1];
			uint64_t id = Utils::hexStrToU64(bondID.str().c_str());
			SharedPtr<Bond> bond = _node->bondController()->getBondByPeerId(id);
			if (bond) {
				if (bond->abForciblyRotateLink()) {
					res.status = 200;
				}
				else {
					res.status = 400;
				}
			}
			else {
				fprintf(stderr, "unable to find bond to peer %llx\n", (unsigned long long)id);
				res.status = 400;
			}
			setContent(req, res, "{}");
		};
		_controlPlane.Post(bondRotatePath, bondRotate);
		_controlPlane.Put(bondRotatePath, bondRotate);
		_controlPlaneV6.Post(bondRotatePath, bondRotate);
		_controlPlaneV6.Put(bondRotatePath, bondRotate);

		auto setMtu = [&, setContent](const httplib::Request& req, httplib::Response& res) {
			auto provider = opentelemetry::trace::Provider::GetTracerProvider();
			auto tracer = provider->GetTracer("http_control_plane");
			auto span = tracer->StartSpan("http_control_plane::setMtu");
			auto scope = tracer->WithActiveSpan(span);

			if (! _node->bondController()->inUse()) {
				setContent(req, res, "Bonding layer isn't active yet");
				res.status = 400;
				return;
			}
			uint32_t mtu = atoi(req.matches[1].str().c_str());
			if (mtu < 68 || mtu > 65535) {
				setContent(req, res, "Specified MTU is not reasonable");
				res.status = 400;
				return;
			}
			res.status = _node->bondController()->setAllMtuByTuple(mtu, req.matches[2].str().c_str(), req.matches[3].str().c_str()) ? 200 : 400;
			if (res.status == 400) {
				setContent(req, res, "Unable to find specified link");
				return;
			}
			setContent(req, res, "{}");
		};
		_controlPlane.Post(setBondMtuPath, setMtu);
		_controlPlane.Put(setBondMtuPath, setMtu);
		_controlPlaneV6.Post(setBondMtuPath, setMtu);
		_controlPlaneV6.Put(setBondMtuPath, setMtu);

		auto getConfig = [&, setContent](const httplib::Request& req, httplib::Response& res) {
			auto provider = opentelemetry::trace::Provider::GetTracerProvider();
			auto tracer = provider->GetTracer("http_control_plane");
			auto span = tracer->StartSpan("http_control_plane::getConfig");
			auto scope = tracer->WithActiveSpan(span);

			std::string config;
			{
				Mutex::Lock lc(_localConfig_m);
				config = _localConfig.dump();
			}
			if (config == "null") {
				config = "{}";
			}
			setContent(req, res, config);
		};
		_controlPlane.Get(configPath, getConfig);
		_controlPlaneV6.Get(configPath, getConfig);

		auto configPost = [&, setContent](const httplib::Request& req, httplib::Response& res) {
			auto provider = opentelemetry::trace::Provider::GetTracerProvider();
			auto tracer = provider->GetTracer("http_control_plane");
			auto span = tracer->StartSpan("http_control_plane::configPost");
			auto scope = tracer->WithActiveSpan(span);

			json j(OSUtils::jsonParse(req.body));
			if (j.is_object()) {
				Mutex::Lock lcl(_localConfig_m);
				json lc(_localConfig);
				for (json::const_iterator s(j.begin()); s != j.end(); ++s) {
					lc["settings"][s.key()] = s.value();
				}
				std::string lcStr = OSUtils::jsonDump(lc, 4);
				if (OSUtils::writeFile((_homePath + ZT_PATH_SEPARATOR_S "local.conf").c_str(), lcStr)) {
					_localConfig = lc;
				}
			}
			setContent(req, res, "{}");
		};
		_controlPlane.Post(configPostPath, configPost);
		_controlPlane.Put(configPostPath, configPost);
		_controlPlaneV6.Post(configPostPath, configPost);
		_controlPlaneV6.Put(configPostPath, configPost);

		auto healthGet = [&, setContent](const httplib::Request& req, httplib::Response& res) {
			auto provider = opentelemetry::trace::Provider::GetTracerProvider();
			auto tracer = provider->GetTracer("http_control_plane");
			auto span = tracer->StartSpan("http_control_plane::healthGet");
			auto scope = tracer->WithActiveSpan(span);

			json out = json::object();

			char tmp[256];

			ZT_NodeStatus status;
			_node->status(&status);

			out["online"] = (bool)(status.online != 0);
			out["versionMajor"] = ZEROTIER_ONE_VERSION_MAJOR;
			out["versionMinor"] = ZEROTIER_ONE_VERSION_MINOR;
			out["versionRev"] = ZEROTIER_ONE_VERSION_REVISION;
			out["versionBuild"] = ZEROTIER_ONE_VERSION_BUILD;
			OSUtils::ztsnprintf(tmp, sizeof(tmp), "%d.%d.%d", ZEROTIER_ONE_VERSION_MAJOR, ZEROTIER_ONE_VERSION_MINOR, ZEROTIER_ONE_VERSION_REVISION);
			out["version"] = tmp;
			out["clock"] = OSUtils::now();

			setContent(req, res, out.dump());
		};
		_controlPlane.Get(healthPath, healthGet);
		_controlPlaneV6.Get(healthPath, healthGet);

		auto moonListGet = [&, setContent](const httplib::Request& req, httplib::Response& res) {
			auto provider = opentelemetry::trace::Provider::GetTracerProvider();
			auto tracer = provider->GetTracer("http_control_plane");
			auto span = tracer->StartSpan("http_control_plane::moonListGet");
			auto scope = tracer->WithActiveSpan(span);

			std::vector<World> moons(_node->moons());

			auto out = json::array();
			for (auto i = moons.begin(); i != moons.end(); ++i) {
				json mj;
				_moonToJson(mj, *i);
				out.push_back(mj);
			}
			setContent(req, res, out.dump());
		};
		_controlPlane.Get(moonListPath, moonListGet);
		_controlPlaneV6.Get(moonListPath, moonListGet);

		auto moonGet = [&, setContent](const httplib::Request& req, httplib::Response& res) {
			auto provider = opentelemetry::trace::Provider::GetTracerProvider();
			auto tracer = provider->GetTracer("http_control_plane");
			auto span = tracer->StartSpan("http_control_plane::moonGet");
			auto scope = tracer->WithActiveSpan(span);

			std::vector<World> moons(_node->moons());
			auto input = req.matches[1];
			auto out = json::object();
			const uint64_t id = Utils::hexStrToU64(input.str().c_str());
			for (auto i = moons.begin(); i != moons.end(); ++i) {
				if (i->id() == id) {
					_moonToJson(out, *i);
					break;
				}
			}
			setContent(req, res, out.dump());
		};
		_controlPlane.Get(moonPath, moonGet);
		_controlPlaneV6.Get(moonPath, moonGet);

		auto moonPost = [&, setContent](const httplib::Request& req, httplib::Response& res) {
			auto provider = opentelemetry::trace::Provider::GetTracerProvider();
			auto tracer = provider->GetTracer("http_control_plane");
			auto span = tracer->StartSpan("http_control_plane::moonPost");
			auto scope = tracer->WithActiveSpan(span);

			auto input = req.matches[1];
			uint64_t seed = 0;
			try {
				json j(OSUtils::jsonParse(req.body));
				if (j.is_object()) {
					seed = Utils::hexStrToU64(OSUtils::jsonString(j["seed"], "0").c_str());
				}
			}
			catch (...) {
				// discard invalid JSON
			}

			std::vector<World> moons(_node->moons());
			const uint64_t id = Utils::hexStrToU64(input.str().c_str());
			bool found = false;
			auto out = json::object();
			for (std::vector<World>::const_iterator m(moons.begin()); m != moons.end(); ++m) {
				if (m->id() == id) {
					_moonToJson(out, *m);
					found = true;
					break;
				}
			}

			if (! found && seed != 0) {
				char tmp[64];
				OSUtils::ztsnprintf(tmp, sizeof(tmp), "%.16llx", id);
				out["id"] = tmp;
				out["roots"] = json::array();
				out["timestamp"] = 0;
				out["signature"] = json();
				out["updatesMustBeSignedBy"] = json();
				out["waiting"] = true;
				_node->orbit((void*)0, id, seed);
			}
			setContent(req, res, out.dump());
		};
		_controlPlane.Post(moonPath, moonPost);
		_controlPlane.Put(moonPath, moonPost);
		_controlPlaneV6.Post(moonPath, moonPost);
		_controlPlaneV6.Put(moonPath, moonPost);

		auto moonDelete = [&, setContent](const httplib::Request& req, httplib::Response& res) {
			auto provider = opentelemetry::trace::Provider::GetTracerProvider();
			auto tracer = provider->GetTracer("http_control_plane");
			auto span = tracer->StartSpan("http_control_plane::moonDelete");
			auto scope = tracer->WithActiveSpan(span);

			auto input = req.matches[1];
			uint64_t id = Utils::hexStrToU64(input.str().c_str());
			auto out = json::object();
			_node->deorbit((void*)0, id);
			out["result"] = true;
			setContent(req, res, out.dump());
		};
		_controlPlane.Delete(moonPath, moonDelete);

		auto networkListGet = [&, setContent](const httplib::Request& req, httplib::Response& res) {
			auto provider = opentelemetry::trace::Provider::GetTracerProvider();
			auto tracer = provider->GetTracer("http_control_plane");
			auto span = tracer->StartSpan("http_control_plane::networkListGet");
			auto scope = tracer->WithActiveSpan(span);

			Mutex::Lock _l(_nets_m);
			auto out = json::array();

			for (auto it = _nets.begin(); it != _nets.end(); ++it) {
				NetworkState& ns = it->second;
				json nj;
				_networkToJson(nj, ns);
				out.push_back(nj);
			}
			setContent(req, res, out.dump());
		};
		_controlPlane.Get(networkListPath, networkListGet);
		_controlPlaneV6.Get(networkListPath, networkListGet);

		auto networkGet = [&, setContent](const httplib::Request& req, httplib::Response& res) {
			auto provider = opentelemetry::trace::Provider::GetTracerProvider();
			auto tracer = provider->GetTracer("http_control_plane");
			auto span = tracer->StartSpan("http_control_plane::networkGet");
			auto scope = tracer->WithActiveSpan(span);

			Mutex::Lock _l(_nets_m);

			auto input = req.matches[1];
			const uint64_t nwid = Utils::hexStrToU64(input.str().c_str());
			if (_nets.find(nwid) != _nets.end()) {
				auto out = json::object();
				NetworkState& ns = _nets[nwid];
				_networkToJson(out, ns);
				setContent(req, res, out.dump());
				return;
			}
			setContent(req, res, "");
			res.status = 404;
		};
		_controlPlane.Get(networkPath, networkGet);
		_controlPlaneV6.Get(networkPath, networkGet);

		auto networkPost = [&, setContent](const httplib::Request& req, httplib::Response& res) {
			auto provider = opentelemetry::trace::Provider::GetTracerProvider();
			auto tracer = provider->GetTracer("http_control_plane");
			auto span = tracer->StartSpan("http_control_plane::networkPost");
			auto scope = tracer->WithActiveSpan(span);

			auto input = req.matches[1];
			uint64_t wantnw = Utils::hexStrToU64(input.str().c_str());
			_node->join(wantnw, (void*)0, (void*)0);
			auto out = json::object();
			Mutex::Lock l(_nets_m);
			bool allowDefault = false;

			if (! _nets.empty()) {
				NetworkState& ns = _nets[wantnw];
				try {
					json j(OSUtils::jsonParse(req.body));

					json& allowManaged = j["allowManaged"];
					if (allowManaged.is_boolean()) {
						ns.setAllowManaged((bool)allowManaged);
					}
					json& allowGlobal = j["allowGlobal"];
					if (allowGlobal.is_boolean()) {
						ns.setAllowGlobal((bool)allowGlobal);
					}
					json& _allowDefault = j["allowDefault"];
					if (_allowDefault.is_boolean()) {
						allowDefault = _allowDefault;
						ns.setAllowDefault((bool)allowDefault);
					}
					json& allowDNS = j["allowDNS"];
					if (allowDNS.is_boolean()) {
						ns.setAllowDNS((bool)allowDNS);
					}
				}
				catch (...) {
					// discard invalid JSON
				}
				setNetworkSettings(wantnw, ns.settings());
				if (ns.tap()) {
					syncManagedStuff(ns, true, true, true);
				}

				_networkToJson(out, ns);
			}
#ifdef __FreeBSD__
			if (! ! allowDefault) {
				res.status = 400;
				setContent(req, res, "Allow Default does not work properly on FreeBSD. See #580");
			}
			else {
				setContent(req, res, out.dump());
			}
#else
			setContent(req, res, out.dump());
#endif
		};
		_controlPlane.Post(networkPath, networkPost);
		_controlPlane.Put(networkPath, networkPost);
		_controlPlaneV6.Post(networkPath, networkPost);
		_controlPlaneV6.Put(networkPath, networkPost);

		auto networkDelete = [&, setContent](const httplib::Request& req, httplib::Response& res) {
			auto provider = opentelemetry::trace::Provider::GetTracerProvider();
			auto tracer = provider->GetTracer("http_control_plane");
			auto span = tracer->StartSpan("http_control_plane::networkDelete");
			auto scope = tracer->WithActiveSpan(span);

			auto input = req.matches[1];
			auto out = json::object();
			ZT_VirtualNetworkList* nws = _node->networks();
			uint64_t wantnw = Utils::hexStrToU64(input.str().c_str());
			for (unsigned long i = 0; i < nws->networkCount; ++i) {
				if (nws->networks[i].nwid == wantnw) {
					_node->leave(wantnw, (void**)0, (void*)0);
					out["result"] = true;
				}
			}
			_node->freeQueryResult((void*)nws);
			setContent(req, res, out.dump());
		};
		_controlPlane.Delete(networkPath, networkDelete);
		_controlPlaneV6.Delete(networkPath, networkDelete);

		auto peerListGet = [&, setContent](const httplib::Request& req, httplib::Response& res) {
			auto provider = opentelemetry::trace::Provider::GetTracerProvider();
			auto tracer = provider->GetTracer("http_control_plane");
			auto span = tracer->StartSpan("http_control_plane::peerListGet");
			auto scope = tracer->WithActiveSpan(span);

			ZT_PeerList* pl = _node->peers();
			auto out = nlohmann::json::array();

			for (unsigned long i = 0; i < pl->peerCount; ++i) {
				nlohmann::json pj;
				SharedPtr<Bond> bond = SharedPtr<Bond>();
				if (pl->peers[i].isBonded) {
					const uint64_t id = pl->peers[i].address;
					bond = _node->bondController()->getBondByPeerId(id);
				}
				_peerToJson(pj, &(pl->peers[i]), bond, (_tcpFallbackTunnel != (TcpConnection*)0));
				out.push_back(pj);
			}
			_node->freeQueryResult((void*)pl);
			setContent(req, res, out.dump());
		};
		_controlPlane.Get(peerListPath, peerListGet);
		_controlPlaneV6.Get(peerListPath, peerListGet);

		auto peerGet = [&, setContent](const httplib::Request& req, httplib::Response& res) {
			auto provider = opentelemetry::trace::Provider::GetTracerProvider();
			auto tracer = provider->GetTracer("http_control_plane");
			auto span = tracer->StartSpan("http_control_plane::peerGet");
			auto scope = tracer->WithActiveSpan(span);

			ZT_PeerList* pl = _node->peers();

			auto input = req.matches[1];
			uint64_t wantp = Utils::hexStrToU64(input.str().c_str());
			auto out = json::object();
			for (unsigned long i = 0; i < pl->peerCount; ++i) {
				if (pl->peers[i].address == wantp) {
					SharedPtr<Bond> bond = SharedPtr<Bond>();
					if (pl->peers[i].isBonded) {
						bond = _node->bondController()->getBondByPeerId(wantp);
					}
					_peerToJson(out, &(pl->peers[i]), bond, (_tcpFallbackTunnel != (TcpConnection*)0));
					break;
				}
			}
			_node->freeQueryResult((void*)pl);
			setContent(req, res, out.dump());
		};
		_controlPlane.Get(peerPath, peerGet);
		_controlPlaneV6.Get(peerPath, peerGet);

		auto statusGet = [&, setContent](const httplib::Request& req, httplib::Response& res) {
			auto provider = opentelemetry::trace::Provider::GetTracerProvider();
			auto tracer = provider->GetTracer("http_control_plane");
			auto span = tracer->StartSpan("http_control_plane::statusGet");
			auto scope = tracer->WithActiveSpan(span);

			ZT_NodeStatus status;
			_node->status(&status);

			auto out = json::object();
			char tmp[256] = {};

			OSUtils::ztsnprintf(tmp, sizeof(tmp), "%.10llx", status.address);
			out["address"] = tmp;
			out["publicIdentity"] = status.publicIdentity;
			out["online"] = (bool)(status.online != 0);
			out["tcpFallbackActive"] = (_tcpFallbackTunnel != (TcpConnection*)0);
			out["versionMajor"] = ZEROTIER_ONE_VERSION_MAJOR;
			out["versionMinor"] = ZEROTIER_ONE_VERSION_MINOR;
			out["versionRev"] = ZEROTIER_ONE_VERSION_REVISION;
			out["versionBuild"] = ZEROTIER_ONE_VERSION_BUILD;
			OSUtils::ztsnprintf(tmp, sizeof(tmp), "%d.%d.%d", ZEROTIER_ONE_VERSION_MAJOR, ZEROTIER_ONE_VERSION_MINOR, ZEROTIER_ONE_VERSION_REVISION);
			out["version"] = tmp;
			out["clock"] = OSUtils::now();

			{
				Mutex::Lock _l(_localConfig_m);
				out["config"] = _localConfig;
			}
			json& settings = out["config"]["settings"];
			settings["allowTcpFallbackRelay"] = OSUtils::jsonBool(settings["allowTcpFallbackRelay"], _allowTcpFallbackRelay);
			settings["forceTcpRelay"] = OSUtils::jsonBool(settings["forceTcpRelay"], _forceTcpRelay);
			settings["primaryPort"] = OSUtils::jsonInt(settings["primaryPort"], (uint64_t)_primaryPort) & 0xffff;
			settings["secondaryPort"] = OSUtils::jsonInt(settings["secondaryPort"], (uint64_t)_ports[1]) & 0xffff;
			settings["tertiaryPort"] = OSUtils::jsonInt(settings["tertiaryPort"], (uint64_t)_tertiaryPort) & 0xffff;
			settings["homeDir"] = _homePath;
			// Enumerate all local address/port pairs that this node is listening on
			std::vector<InetAddress> boundAddrs(_binder.allBoundLocalInterfaceAddresses());
			auto boundAddrArray = json::array();
			for (int i = 0; i < boundAddrs.size(); i++) {
				char ipBuf[64] = { 0 };
				boundAddrs[i].toString(ipBuf);
				boundAddrArray.push_back(ipBuf);
			}
			settings["listeningOn"] = boundAddrArray;
			// Enumerate all external address/port pairs that are reported for this node
			std::vector<InetAddress> surfaceAddrs = _node->SurfaceAddresses();
			auto surfaceAddrArray = json::array();
			for (int i = 0; i < surfaceAddrs.size(); i++) {
				char ipBuf[64] = { 0 };
				surfaceAddrs[i].toString(ipBuf);
				surfaceAddrArray.push_back(ipBuf);
			}
			settings["surfaceAddresses"] = surfaceAddrArray;

#ifdef ZT_USE_MINIUPNPC
			settings["portMappingEnabled"] = OSUtils::jsonBool(settings["portMappingEnabled"], true);
#else
			settings["portMappingEnabled"] = false;	  // not supported in build
#endif
#ifndef ZT_SDK
			settings["softwareUpdate"] = OSUtils::jsonString(settings["softwareUpdate"], ZT_SOFTWARE_UPDATE_DEFAULT);
			settings["softwareUpdateChannel"] = OSUtils::jsonString(settings["softwareUpdateChannel"], ZT_SOFTWARE_UPDATE_DEFAULT_CHANNEL);
#endif
			const World planet(_node->planet());
			out["planetWorldId"] = planet.id();
			out["planetWorldTimestamp"] = planet.timestamp();

			setContent(req, res, out.dump());
		};
		_controlPlane.Get(statusPath, statusGet);
		_controlPlaneV6.Get(statusPath, statusGet);

#if ZT_SSO_ENABLED
		std::string ssoPath = "/sso";
		auto ssoGet = [this](const httplib::Request& req, httplib::Response& res) {
			std::string htmlTemplatePath = _homePath + ZT_PATH_SEPARATOR + "sso-auth.template.html";
			std::string htmlTemplate;
			if (! OSUtils::readFile(htmlTemplatePath.c_str(), htmlTemplate)) {
				htmlTemplate = ssoResponseTemplate;
			}

			std::string responseContentType = "text/html";
			std::string responseBody = "";
			json outData;

			if (req.has_param("error")) {
				std::string error = req.get_param_value("error");
				std::string desc = req.get_param_value("error_description");

				json data;
				outData["isError"] = true;
				outData["messageText"] = (std::string("ERROR ") + error + std::string(": ") + desc);
				responseBody = inja::render(htmlTemplate, outData);

				res.set_content(responseBody, responseContentType);
				res.status = 500;
				return;
			}

			// SSO redirect handling
			std::string state = req.get_param_value("state");
			char* nwid = zeroidc::zeroidc_network_id_from_state(state.c_str());

			outData["networkId"] = std::string(nwid);

			const uint64_t id = Utils::hexStrToU64(nwid);

			zeroidc::free_cstr(nwid);

			Mutex::Lock l(_nets_m);
			if (_nets.find(id) != _nets.end()) {
				NetworkState& ns = _nets[id];
				std::string code = req.get_param_value("code");
				char* ret = ns.doTokenExchange(code.c_str());
				json ssoResult = json::parse(ret);
				if (ssoResult.is_object()) {
					if (ssoResult.contains("errorMessage")) {
						outData["isError"] = true;
						outData["messageText"] = ssoResult["errorMessage"];
						responseBody = inja::render(htmlTemplate, outData);
						res.set_content(responseBody, responseContentType);
						res.status = 500;
					}
					else {
						outData["isError"] = false;
						outData["messageText"] = "Authentication Successful. You may now access the network.";
						responseBody = inja::render(htmlTemplate, outData);
						res.set_content(responseBody, responseContentType);
					}
				}
				else {
					// not an object? We got a problem
					outData["isError"] = true;
					outData["messageText"] = "ERROR: Unkown SSO response. Please contact your administrator.";
					responseBody = inja::render(htmlTemplate, outData);
					res.set_content(responseBody, responseContentType);
					res.status = 500;
				}

				zeroidc::free_cstr(ret);
			}
		};
		_controlPlane.Get(ssoPath, ssoGet);
		_controlPlaneV6.Get(ssoPath, ssoGet);
#endif
		auto metricsGet = [this](const httplib::Request& req, httplib::Response& res) {
			auto provider = opentelemetry::trace::Provider::GetTracerProvider();
			auto tracer = provider->GetTracer("http_control_plane");
			auto span = tracer->StartSpan("http_control_plane::metricsGet");
			auto scope = tracer->WithActiveSpan(span);

			std::string statspath = _homePath + ZT_PATH_SEPARATOR + "metrics.prom";
			std::string metrics;
			if (OSUtils::readFile(statspath.c_str(), metrics)) {
				res.set_content(metrics, "text/plain");
			}
			else {
				res.set_content("{}", "application/json");
				res.status = 500;
			}
		};
		_controlPlane.Get(metricsPath, metricsGet);
		_controlPlaneV6.Get(metricsPath, metricsGet);

		auto exceptionHandler = [&, setContent](const httplib::Request& req, httplib::Response& res, std::exception_ptr ep) {
			auto provider = opentelemetry::trace::Provider::GetTracerProvider();
			auto tracer = provider->GetTracer("http_control_plane");
			auto span = tracer->StartSpan("http_control_plane::exceptionHandler");
			auto scope = tracer->WithActiveSpan(span);

			char buf[1024];
			auto fmt = "{\"error\": %d, \"description\": \"%s\"}";
			try {
				std::rethrow_exception(ep);
			}
			catch (std::exception& e) {
				snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), fmt, 500, e.what());
			}
			catch (...) {
				snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), fmt, 500, "Unknown Exception");
			}
			setContent(req, res, buf);
			res.status = 500;
		};
		_controlPlane.set_exception_handler(exceptionHandler);
		_controlPlaneV6.set_exception_handler(exceptionHandler);

		if (_controller) {
			_controller->configureHTTPControlPlane(_controlPlane, _controlPlaneV6, setContent);
		}

#ifndef ZT_EXTOSDEP
		_controlPlane.set_pre_routing_handler(authCheck);
#endif	 // ZT_EXTOSDEP
		_controlPlaneV6.set_pre_routing_handler(authCheck);

#if ZT_DEBUG == 1
		_controlPlane.set_logger([](const httplib::Request& req, const httplib::Response& res) { fprintf(stderr, "%s", http_log(req, res).c_str()); });
		_controlPlaneV6.set_logger([](const httplib::Request& req, const httplib::Response& res) { fprintf(stderr, "%s", http_log(req, res).c_str()); });
#endif
		if (_primaryPort == 0) {
			fprintf(stderr, "unable to determine local control port");
			exit(-1);
		}

#ifndef ZT_EXTOSDEP
		bool v4controlPlaneBound = false;
		_controlPlane.set_address_family(AF_INET);
		if (_controlPlane.bind_to_port("0.0.0.0", _primaryPort)) {
			_serverThread = std::thread([&] {
				_serverThreadRunning = true;
				fprintf(stderr, "Starting Control Plane...\n");
				if (! _controlPlane.listen_after_bind()) {
					fprintf(stderr, "Error on listen_after_bind()\n");
				}
				fprintf(stderr, "Control Plane Stopped\n");
				_serverThreadRunning = false;
			});
			v4controlPlaneBound = true;
		}
		else {
			fprintf(stderr, "Error binding control plane to 0.0.0.0:%d\n", _primaryPort);
			v4controlPlaneBound = false;
		}

		bool v6controlPlaneBound = false;
		_controlPlaneV6.set_address_family(AF_INET6);
		if (_controlPlaneV6.bind_to_port("::", _primaryPort)) {
			_serverThreadV6 = std::thread([&] {
				_serverThreadRunningV6 = true;
				fprintf(stderr, "Starting V6 Control Plane...\n");
				if (! _controlPlaneV6.listen_after_bind()) {
					fprintf(stderr, "Error on V6 listen_after_bind()\n");
				}
				fprintf(stderr, "V6 Control Plane Stopped\n");
				_serverThreadRunningV6 = false;
			});
			v6controlPlaneBound = true;
		}
		else {
			fprintf(stderr, "Error binding control plane to [::]:%d\n", _primaryPort);
			v6controlPlaneBound = false;
		}

		if (! v4controlPlaneBound && ! v6controlPlaneBound) {
			fprintf(stderr, "ERROR: Could not bind control plane. Exiting...\n");
			exit(-1);
		}
#endif	 // ZT_EXTOSDEP
	}

	// Must be called after _localConfig is read or modified
	void applyLocalConfig()
	{
		Mutex::Lock _l(_localConfig_m);
		json lc(_localConfig);

		_v4Hints.clear();
		_v6Hints.clear();
		_v4Blacklists.clear();
		_v6Blacklists.clear();
		json& virt = lc["virtual"];
		if (virt.is_object()) {
			for (json::iterator v(virt.begin()); v != virt.end(); ++v) {
				const std::string nstr = v.key();
				if ((nstr.length() == ZT_ADDRESS_LENGTH_HEX) && (v.value().is_object())) {
					const Address ztaddr(Utils::hexStrToU64(nstr.c_str()));
					if (ztaddr) {
						const uint64_t ztaddr2 = ztaddr.toInt();
						std::vector<InetAddress>& v4h = _v4Hints[ztaddr2];
						std::vector<InetAddress>& v6h = _v6Hints[ztaddr2];
						std::vector<InetAddress>& v4b = _v4Blacklists[ztaddr2];
						std::vector<InetAddress>& v6b = _v6Blacklists[ztaddr2];

						json& tryAddrs = v.value()["try"];
						if (tryAddrs.is_array()) {
							for (unsigned long i = 0; i < tryAddrs.size(); ++i) {
								const InetAddress ip(OSUtils::jsonString(tryAddrs[i], "").c_str());
								if (ip.ss_family == AF_INET)
									v4h.push_back(ip);
								else if (ip.ss_family == AF_INET6)
									v6h.push_back(ip);
							}
						}
						json& blAddrs = v.value()["blacklist"];
						if (blAddrs.is_array()) {
							for (unsigned long i = 0; i < blAddrs.size(); ++i) {
								const InetAddress ip(OSUtils::jsonString(blAddrs[i], "").c_str());
								if (ip.ss_family == AF_INET)
									v4b.push_back(ip);
								else if (ip.ss_family == AF_INET6)
									v6b.push_back(ip);
							}
						}

						if (v4h.empty())
							_v4Hints.erase(ztaddr2);
						if (v6h.empty())
							_v6Hints.erase(ztaddr2);
						if (v4b.empty())
							_v4Blacklists.erase(ztaddr2);
						if (v6b.empty())
							_v6Blacklists.erase(ztaddr2);
					}
				}
			}
		}

		_globalV4Blacklist.clear();
		_globalV6Blacklist.clear();
		json& physical = lc["physical"];
		if (physical.is_object()) {
			for (json::iterator phy(physical.begin()); phy != physical.end(); ++phy) {
				const InetAddress net(OSUtils::jsonString(phy.key(), "").c_str());
				if ((net) && (net.netmaskBits() > 0)) {
					if (phy.value().is_object()) {
						if (OSUtils::jsonBool(phy.value()["blacklist"], false)) {
							if (net.ss_family == AF_INET)
								_globalV4Blacklist.push_back(net);
							else if (net.ss_family == AF_INET6)
								_globalV6Blacklist.push_back(net);
						}
					}
				}
			}
		}

		_allowManagementFrom.clear();
		_interfacePrefixBlacklist.clear();

		json& settings = lc["settings"];

		if (! _node->bondController()->inUse()) {
			_node->bondController()->setBinder(&_binder);
			// defaultBondingPolicy
			std::string defaultBondingPolicyStr(OSUtils::jsonString(settings["defaultBondingPolicy"], ""));
			int defaultBondingPolicy = _node->bondController()->getPolicyCodeByStr(defaultBondingPolicyStr);
			_node->bondController()->setBondingLayerDefaultPolicy(defaultBondingPolicy);
			_node->bondController()->setBondingLayerDefaultPolicyStr(defaultBondingPolicyStr);	 // Used if custom policy
			// Custom Policies
			json& customBondingPolicies = settings["policies"];
			for (json::iterator policyItr = customBondingPolicies.begin(); policyItr != customBondingPolicies.end(); ++policyItr) {
				// Custom Policy
				std::string customPolicyStr(policyItr.key());
				json& customPolicy = policyItr.value();
				std::string basePolicyStr(OSUtils::jsonString(customPolicy["basePolicy"], ""));
				if (basePolicyStr.empty()) {
					fprintf(stderr, "error: no base policy was specified for custom policy (%s)\n", customPolicyStr.c_str());
				}
				int basePolicyCode = _node->bondController()->getPolicyCodeByStr(basePolicyStr);
				if (basePolicyCode == ZT_BOND_POLICY_NONE) {
					fprintf(stderr, "error: custom policy (%s) is invalid, unknown base policy (%s).\n", customPolicyStr.c_str(), basePolicyStr.c_str());
					continue;
				}
				if (_node->bondController()->getPolicyCodeByStr(customPolicyStr) != ZT_BOND_POLICY_NONE) {
					fprintf(stderr, "error: custom policy (%s) will be ignored, cannot use standard policy names for custom policies.\n", customPolicyStr.c_str());
					continue;
				}
				// New bond, used as a copy template for new instances
				SharedPtr<Bond> newTemplateBond = new Bond(NULL, basePolicyStr, customPolicyStr, SharedPtr<Peer>());
				newTemplateBond->setPolicy(basePolicyCode);
				// Custom link quality spec
				json& linkQualitySpec = customPolicy["linkQuality"];
				if (linkQualitySpec.size() == ZT_QOS_PARAMETER_SIZE) {
					float weights[ZT_QOS_PARAMETER_SIZE] = {};
					weights[ZT_QOS_LAT_MAX_IDX] = (float)OSUtils::jsonDouble(linkQualitySpec["lat_max"], 0.0);
					weights[ZT_QOS_PDV_MAX_IDX] = (float)OSUtils::jsonDouble(linkQualitySpec["pdv_max"], 0.0);
					weights[ZT_QOS_PLR_MAX_IDX] = (float)OSUtils::jsonDouble(linkQualitySpec["plr_max"], 0.0);
					weights[ZT_QOS_PER_MAX_IDX] = (float)OSUtils::jsonDouble(linkQualitySpec["per_max"], 0.0);
					weights[ZT_QOS_LAT_WEIGHT_IDX] = (float)OSUtils::jsonDouble(linkQualitySpec["lat_weight"], 0.0);
					weights[ZT_QOS_PDV_WEIGHT_IDX] = (float)OSUtils::jsonDouble(linkQualitySpec["pdv_weight"], 0.0);
					weights[ZT_QOS_PLR_WEIGHT_IDX] = (float)OSUtils::jsonDouble(linkQualitySpec["plr_weight"], 0.0);
					weights[ZT_QOS_PER_WEIGHT_IDX] = (float)OSUtils::jsonDouble(linkQualitySpec["per_weight"], 0.0);
					newTemplateBond->setUserLinkQualitySpec(weights, ZT_QOS_PARAMETER_SIZE);
				}
				// Bond-specific properties
				newTemplateBond->setUpDelay(OSUtils::jsonInt(customPolicy["upDelay"], -1));
				newTemplateBond->setDownDelay(OSUtils::jsonInt(customPolicy["downDelay"], -1));
				newTemplateBond->setFailoverInterval(OSUtils::jsonInt(customPolicy["failoverInterval"], ZT_BOND_FAILOVER_DEFAULT_INTERVAL));
				newTemplateBond->setPacketsPerLink(OSUtils::jsonInt(customPolicy["packetsPerLink"], -1));

				// Policy-Specific link set
				json& links = customPolicy["links"];
				for (json::iterator linkItr = links.begin(); linkItr != links.end(); ++linkItr) {
					std::string linkNameStr(linkItr.key());
					json& link = linkItr.value();
					bool enabled = OSUtils::jsonInt(link["enabled"], true);
					uint32_t capacity = OSUtils::jsonInt(link["capacity"], 0);
					uint8_t ipvPref = OSUtils::jsonInt(link["ipvPref"], 0);
					uint16_t mtu = OSUtils::jsonInt(link["mtu"], 0);
					std::string failoverToStr(OSUtils::jsonString(link["failoverTo"], ""));
					// Mode
					std::string linkModeStr(OSUtils::jsonString(link["mode"], "spare"));
					uint8_t linkMode = ZT_BOND_SLAVE_MODE_SPARE;
					if (linkModeStr == "primary") {
						linkMode = ZT_BOND_SLAVE_MODE_PRIMARY;
					}
					if (linkModeStr == "spare") {
						linkMode = ZT_BOND_SLAVE_MODE_SPARE;
					}
					// ipvPref
					if ((ipvPref != 0) && (ipvPref != 4) && (ipvPref != 6) && (ipvPref != 46) && (ipvPref != 64)) {
						fprintf(stderr, "error: invalid ipvPref value (%d), link disabled.\n", ipvPref);
						enabled = false;
					}
					if (linkMode == ZT_BOND_SLAVE_MODE_SPARE && failoverToStr.length()) {
						fprintf(stderr, "error: cannot specify failover links for spares, link disabled.\n");
						failoverToStr = "";
						enabled = false;
					}
					_node->bondController()->addCustomLink(customPolicyStr, new Link(linkNameStr, ipvPref, mtu, capacity, enabled, linkMode, failoverToStr));
				}
				std::string linkSelectMethodStr(OSUtils::jsonString(customPolicy["activeReselect"], "always"));
				if (linkSelectMethodStr == "always") {
					newTemplateBond->setLinkSelectMethod(ZT_BOND_RESELECTION_POLICY_ALWAYS);
				}
				if (linkSelectMethodStr == "better") {
					newTemplateBond->setLinkSelectMethod(ZT_BOND_RESELECTION_POLICY_BETTER);
				}
				if (linkSelectMethodStr == "failure") {
					newTemplateBond->setLinkSelectMethod(ZT_BOND_RESELECTION_POLICY_FAILURE);
				}
				if (linkSelectMethodStr == "optimize") {
					newTemplateBond->setLinkSelectMethod(ZT_BOND_RESELECTION_POLICY_OPTIMIZE);
				}
				if (newTemplateBond->getLinkSelectMethod() < 0 || newTemplateBond->getLinkSelectMethod() > 3) {
					fprintf(stderr, "warning: invalid value (%s) for linkSelectMethod, assuming mode: always\n", linkSelectMethodStr.c_str());
				}
				if (! _node->bondController()->addCustomPolicy(newTemplateBond)) {
					fprintf(stderr, "error: a custom policy of this name (%s) already exists.\n", customPolicyStr.c_str());
				}
			}
			// Peer-specific bonding
			json& peerSpecificBonds = settings["peerSpecificBonds"];
			for (json::iterator peerItr = peerSpecificBonds.begin(); peerItr != peerSpecificBonds.end(); ++peerItr) {
				_node->bondController()->assignBondingPolicyToPeer(std::stoull(peerItr.key(), 0, 16), peerItr.value());
			}
			// Check settings
			if (defaultBondingPolicyStr.length() && ! defaultBondingPolicy && ! _node->bondController()->inUse()) {
				fprintf(stderr, "error: unknown policy (%s) specified by defaultBondingPolicy, bond disabled.\n", defaultBondingPolicyStr.c_str());
			}
		}

		// bondingPolicy cannot be used with allowTcpFallbackRelay
		bool _forceTcpRelayTmp = (OSUtils::jsonBool(settings["forceTcpRelay"], false));
		bool _bondInUse = _node->bondController()->inUse();
		if (_forceTcpRelayTmp && _bondInUse) {
			fprintf(stderr, "Warning: forceTcpRelay cannot be used with multipath. Disabling forceTcpRelay\n");
		}
		_allowTcpFallbackRelay = (OSUtils::jsonBool(settings["allowTcpFallbackRelay"], true) && ! _node->bondController()->inUse());
		_forceTcpRelay = (_forceTcpRelayTmp && ! _node->bondController()->inUse());
		_enableWebServer = (OSUtils::jsonBool(settings["enableWebServer"], false));

#ifdef ZT_TCP_FALLBACK_RELAY
		_fallbackRelayAddress = InetAddress(OSUtils::jsonString(settings["tcpFallbackRelay"], ZT_TCP_FALLBACK_RELAY).c_str());
#endif
		_primaryPort = (unsigned int)OSUtils::jsonInt(settings["primaryPort"], (uint64_t)_primaryPort) & 0xffff;
		_allowSecondaryPort = OSUtils::jsonBool(settings["allowSecondaryPort"], true);
		_secondaryPort = (unsigned int)OSUtils::jsonInt(settings["secondaryPort"], 0);
		_tertiaryPort = (unsigned int)OSUtils::jsonInt(settings["tertiaryPort"], 0);
		if (_secondaryPort != 0 || _tertiaryPort != 0) {
			fprintf(stderr, "WARNING: using manually-specified secondary and/or tertiary ports. This can cause NAT issues." ZT_EOL_S);
		}
		_portMappingEnabled = OSUtils::jsonBool(settings["portMappingEnabled"], true);
		_node->setLowBandwidthMode(OSUtils::jsonBool(settings["lowBandwidthMode"], false));
#if defined(__LINUX__) || defined(__FreeBSD__)
		_multicoreEnabled = OSUtils::jsonBool(settings["multicoreEnabled"], false);
		_concurrency = OSUtils::jsonInt(settings["concurrency"], 1);
		_cpuPinningEnabled = OSUtils::jsonBool(settings["cpuPinningEnabled"], false);
		if (_multicoreEnabled) {
			unsigned int maxConcurrency = std::thread::hardware_concurrency();
			if (_concurrency <= 1 || _concurrency >= maxConcurrency) {
				unsigned int conservativeDefault = (std::thread::hardware_concurrency() >= 4 ? 2 : 1);
				fprintf(stderr, "Concurrency level provided (%d) is invalid, assigning conservative default value of (%d)\n", _concurrency, conservativeDefault);
				_concurrency = conservativeDefault;
			}
			setUpMultithreading();
		}
		else {
			// Force values in case the user accidentally defined them with multicore disabled
			_concurrency = 1;
			_cpuPinningEnabled = false;
		}
#else
		_multicoreEnabled = false;
		_concurrency = 1;
		_cpuPinningEnabled = false;
#endif

#ifndef ZT_SDK
		const std::string up(OSUtils::jsonString(settings["softwareUpdate"], ZT_SOFTWARE_UPDATE_DEFAULT));
		const bool udist = OSUtils::jsonBool(settings["softwareUpdateDist"], false);
		if (((up == "apply") || (up == "download")) || (udist)) {
			if (! _updater)
				_updater = new SoftwareUpdater(*_node, _homePath);
			_updateAutoApply = (up == "apply");
			_updater->setUpdateDistribution(udist);
			_updater->setChannel(OSUtils::jsonString(settings["softwareUpdateChannel"], ZT_SOFTWARE_UPDATE_DEFAULT_CHANNEL));
		}
		else {
			delete _updater;
			_updater = (SoftwareUpdater*)0;
			_updateAutoApply = false;
		}
#endif

		json& ignoreIfs = settings["interfacePrefixBlacklist"];
		if (ignoreIfs.is_array()) {
			for (unsigned long i = 0; i < ignoreIfs.size(); ++i) {
				const std::string tmp(OSUtils::jsonString(ignoreIfs[i], ""));
				if (tmp.length() > 0)
					_interfacePrefixBlacklist.push_back(tmp);
			}
		}

		json& amf = settings["allowManagementFrom"];
		if (amf.is_array()) {
			for (unsigned long i = 0; i < amf.size(); ++i) {
				const InetAddress nw(OSUtils::jsonString(amf[i], "").c_str());
				if (nw)
					_allowManagementFrom.push_back(nw);
			}
		}
	}

#if ZT_VAULT_SUPPORT
	json& vault = settings["vault"];
	if (vault.is_object()) {
		const std::string url(OSUtils::jsonString(vault["vaultURL"], "").c_str());
		if (! url.empty()) {
			_vaultURL = url;
		}

		const std::string token(OSUtils::jsonString(vault["vaultToken"], "").c_str());
		if (! token.empty()) {
			_vaultToken = token;
		}

		const std::string path(OSUtils::jsonString(vault["vaultPath"], "").c_str());
		if (! path.empty()) {
			_vaultPath = path;
		}
	}

	// also check environment variables for values.  Environment variables
	// will override local.conf variables
	const std::string envURL(getenv("VAULT_ADDR"));
	if (! envURL.empty()) {
		_vaultURL = envURL;
	}

	const std::string envToken(getenv("VAULT_TOKEN"));
	if (! envToken.empty()) {
		_vaultToken = envToken;
	}

	const std::string envPath(getenv("VAULT_PATH"));
	if (! envPath.empty()) {
		_vaultPath = envPath;
	}

	if (! _vaultURL.empty() && ! _vaultToken.empty()) {
		_vaultEnabled = true;
	}
#endif

	// Checks if a managed IP or route target is allowed
	bool checkIfManagedIsAllowed(const NetworkState& n, const InetAddress& target)
	{
		if (! n.allowManaged())
			return false;

		if (! n.allowManagedWhitelist().empty()) {
			bool allowed = false;
			for (InetAddress addr : n.allowManagedWhitelist()) {
				if (addr.containsAddress(target) && addr.netmaskBits() <= target.netmaskBits()) {
					allowed = true;
					break;
				}
			}
			if (! allowed)
				return false;
		}

		if (target.isDefaultRoute())
			return n.allowDefault();
		switch (target.ipScope()) {
			case InetAddress::IP_SCOPE_NONE:
			case InetAddress::IP_SCOPE_MULTICAST:
			case InetAddress::IP_SCOPE_LOOPBACK:
			case InetAddress::IP_SCOPE_LINK_LOCAL:
				return false;
			case InetAddress::IP_SCOPE_GLOBAL:
				return n.allowGlobal();
			default:
				return true;
		}
	}

	// Match only an IP from a vector of IPs -- used in syncManagedStuff()
	inline bool matchIpOnly(const std::set<InetAddress>& ips, const InetAddress& ip) const
	{
		for (std::set<InetAddress>::const_iterator i(ips.begin()); i != ips.end(); ++i) {
			if (i->ipsEqual(ip))
				return true;
		}
		return false;
	}

	// Apply or update managed IPs for a configured network (be sure n.tap exists)
	void syncManagedStuff(NetworkState& n, bool syncIps, bool syncRoutes, bool syncDns)
	{
		char ipbuf[64];

		// assumes _nets_m is locked
		if (syncIps) {
			std::vector<InetAddress> newManagedIps;
			newManagedIps.reserve(n.config().assignedAddressCount);

#ifdef __APPLE__
			std::vector<InetAddress> newManagedIps2;
			newManagedIps2.reserve(n.config().assignedAddressCount);
#endif

			for (unsigned int i = 0; i < n.config().assignedAddressCount; ++i) {
				const InetAddress* ii = reinterpret_cast<const InetAddress*>(&(n.config().assignedAddresses[i]));
				if (checkIfManagedIsAllowed(n, *ii))
					newManagedIps.push_back(*ii);
			}
			std::sort(newManagedIps.begin(), newManagedIps.end());
			newManagedIps.erase(std::unique(newManagedIps.begin(), newManagedIps.end()), newManagedIps.end());

			for (std::vector<InetAddress>::iterator ip(n.managedIps().begin()); ip != n.managedIps().end(); ++ip) {
				if (std::find(newManagedIps.begin(), newManagedIps.end(), *ip) == newManagedIps.end()) {
					if (! n.tap()->removeIp(*ip))
						fprintf(stderr, "ERROR: unable to remove ip address %s" ZT_EOL_S, ip->toString(ipbuf));

#ifdef __WINDOWS__
					WinFWHelper::removeICMPRule(*ip, n.config().nwid);
#endif
				}
			}

			for (std::vector<InetAddress>::iterator ip(newManagedIps.begin()); ip != newManagedIps.end(); ++ip) {
#ifdef __APPLE__
				// We can't add multiple addresses to an interface on macOs unless we futz with the netmask.
				// see `man ifconfig`, alias section
				// "If the address is on the same subnet as the first network address for this interface, a non-conflicting netmask must be given.  Usually 0xffffffff is most appropriate."

				auto same_subnet = [ip](InetAddress i) { return ip->network() == i.network(); };
#endif

				if (std::find(n.managedIps().begin(), n.managedIps().end(), *ip) == n.managedIps().end()) {
#ifdef __APPLE__
					// if same subnet as a previously added address
					if (std::find_if(n.managedIps().begin(), n.managedIps().end(), same_subnet) != n.managedIps().end() || std::find_if(newManagedIps2.begin(), newManagedIps2.end(), same_subnet) != newManagedIps2.end()) {
						if (ip->isV4()) {
							ip->setPort(32);
						}
						else {
							ip->setPort(128);
						}
					}
					else {
						newManagedIps2.push_back(*ip);
					}
#endif

					if (! n.tap()->addIp(*ip)) {
						fprintf(stderr, "ERROR: unable to add ip address %s" ZT_EOL_S, ip->toString(ipbuf));
					}
					else {
#ifdef __WINDOWS__
						WinFWHelper::newICMPRule(*ip, n.config().nwid);
#endif
					}
				}
			}

#ifdef __APPLE__
			if (! MacDNSHelper::addIps6(n.config().nwid, n.config().mac, n.tap()->deviceName().c_str(), newManagedIps)) {
				fprintf(stderr, "ERROR: unable to add v6 addresses to system configuration" ZT_EOL_S);
			}

			if (! MacDNSHelper::addIps4(n.config().nwid, n.config().mac, n.tap()->deviceName().c_str(), newManagedIps)) {
				fprintf(stderr, "ERROR: unable to add v4 addresses to system configuration" ZT_EOL_S);
			}
#endif
			n.setManagedIps(newManagedIps);
		}

		if (syncRoutes) {
			// Get tap device name (use LUID in hex on Windows) and IP addresses.
#if defined(__WINDOWS__) && ! defined(ZT_SDK)
			char tapdevbuf[64];
			OSUtils::ztsnprintf(tapdevbuf, sizeof(tapdevbuf), "%.16llx", (unsigned long long)((WindowsEthernetTap*)(n.tap().get()))->luid().Value);
			std::string tapdev(tapdevbuf);
#else
			std::string tapdev(n.tap()->deviceName());
#endif

			std::vector<InetAddress> tapIps(n.tap()->ips());
			std::set<InetAddress> myIps(tapIps.begin(), tapIps.end());
			for (unsigned int i = 0; i < n.config().assignedAddressCount; ++i)
				myIps.insert(InetAddress(n.config().assignedAddresses[i]));

			std::set<InetAddress> haveRouteTargets;
			for (unsigned int i = 0; i < n.config().routeCount; ++i) {
				const InetAddress* const target = reinterpret_cast<const InetAddress*>(&(n.config().routes[i].target));
				const InetAddress* const via = reinterpret_cast<const InetAddress*>(&(n.config().routes[i].via));

				// Make sure we are allowed to set this managed route, and that 'via' is not our IP. The latter
				// avoids setting routes via the router on the router.
				if ((! checkIfManagedIsAllowed(n, *target)) || ((via->ss_family == target->ss_family) && (matchIpOnly(myIps, *via))))
					continue;

				// Find an IP on the interface that can be a source IP, abort if no IPs assigned.
				const InetAddress* src = nullptr;
				unsigned int mostMatchingPrefixBits = 0;
				for (std::set<InetAddress>::const_iterator i(myIps.begin()); i != myIps.end(); ++i) {
					const unsigned int matchingPrefixBits = i->matchingPrefixBits(*target);
					if (matchingPrefixBits >= mostMatchingPrefixBits && ((target->isV4() && i->isV4()) || (target->isV6() && i->isV6()))) {
						mostMatchingPrefixBits = matchingPrefixBits;
						src = &(*i);
					}
				}
				if (! src)
					continue;

				// Ignore routes implied by local managed IPs since adding the IP adds the route.
				// Apple on the other hand seems to need this at least on some versions.
#ifndef __APPLE__
				bool haveRoute = false;
				for (std::vector<InetAddress>::iterator ip(n.managedIps().begin()); ip != n.managedIps().end(); ++ip) {
					if ((target->netmaskBits() == ip->netmaskBits()) && (target->containsAddress(*ip))) {
						haveRoute = true;
						break;
					}
				}
				if (haveRoute)
					continue;
#endif

				haveRouteTargets.insert(*target);

#ifndef ZT_SDK
				SharedPtr<ManagedRoute>& mr = n.managedRoutes()[*target];
				if (! mr)
					mr.set(new ManagedRoute(*target, *via, *src, tapdev.c_str()));
#endif
			}

			for (std::map<InetAddress, SharedPtr<ManagedRoute> >::iterator r(n.managedRoutes().begin()); r != n.managedRoutes().end();) {
				if (haveRouteTargets.find(r->first) == haveRouteTargets.end())
					n.managedRoutes().erase(r++);
				else
					++r;
			}

			// Sync device-local managed routes first, then indirect results. That way
			// we don't get destination unreachable for routes that are via things
			// that do not yet have routes in the system.
			for (std::map<InetAddress, SharedPtr<ManagedRoute> >::iterator r(n.managedRoutes().begin()); r != n.managedRoutes().end(); ++r) {
				if (! r->second->via())
					r->second->sync();
			}
			for (std::map<InetAddress, SharedPtr<ManagedRoute> >::iterator r(n.managedRoutes().begin()); r != n.managedRoutes().end(); ++r) {
				if (r->second->via() && (! r->second->target().isDefaultRoute() || _node->online())) {
					r->second->sync();
				}
			}
		}

		if (syncDns) {
			if (n.allowDNS()) {
				if (strlen(n.config().dns.domain) != 0) {
					std::vector<InetAddress> servers;
					for (int j = 0; j < ZT_MAX_DNS_SERVERS; ++j) {
						InetAddress a(n.config().dns.server_addr[j]);
						if (a.isV4() || a.isV6()) {
							servers.push_back(a);
						}
					}
					n.tap()->setDns(n.config().dns.domain, servers);
				}
			}
			else {
#ifdef __APPLE__
				MacDNSHelper::removeDNS(n.config().nwid);
#elif defined(__WINDOWS__)
				WinDNSHelper::removeDNS(n.config().nwid);
#endif
			}
		}
	}

	// =========================================================================
	// Handlers for Node and Phy<> callbacks
	// =========================================================================

	inline void phyOnDatagram(PhySocket* sock, void** uptr, const struct sockaddr* localAddr, const struct sockaddr* from, void* data, unsigned long len)
	{
		if (_forceTcpRelay) {
			return;
		}
		Metrics::udp_recv += len;
		const uint64_t now = OSUtils::now();
		if ((len >= 16) && (reinterpret_cast<const InetAddress*>(from)->ipScope() == InetAddress::IP_SCOPE_GLOBAL)) {
			_lastDirectReceiveFromGlobal = now;
		}
		const ZT_ResultCode rc = _node->processWirePacket(nullptr, now, reinterpret_cast<int64_t>(sock), reinterpret_cast<const struct sockaddr_storage*>(from), data, len, &_nextBackgroundTaskDeadline);
		if (ZT_ResultCode_isFatal(rc)) {
			char tmp[256];
			OSUtils::ztsnprintf(tmp, sizeof(tmp), "fatal error code from processWirePacket: %d", (int)rc);
			Mutex::Lock _l(_termReason_m);
			_termReason = ONE_UNRECOVERABLE_ERROR;
			_fatalErrorMessage = tmp;
			this->terminate();
		}
	}

	inline void phyOnTcpConnect(PhySocket* sock, void** uptr, bool success)
	{
		if (! success) {
			phyOnTcpClose(sock, uptr);
			return;
		}

		TcpConnection* const tc = reinterpret_cast<TcpConnection*>(*uptr);
		if (! tc) {	  // sanity check
			_phy.close(sock, true);
			return;
		}
		tc->sock = sock;

		if (tc->type == TcpConnection::TCP_TUNNEL_OUTGOING) {
			if (_tcpFallbackTunnel)
				_phy.close(_tcpFallbackTunnel->sock);
			_tcpFallbackTunnel = tc;
			_phy.streamSend(sock, ZT_TCP_TUNNEL_HELLO, sizeof(ZT_TCP_TUNNEL_HELLO));
		}
		else {
			_phy.close(sock, true);
		}
	}

	inline void phyOnTcpAccept(PhySocket* sockL, PhySocket* sockN, void** uptrL, void** uptrN, const struct sockaddr* from)
	{
		if (! from) {
			_phy.close(sockN, false);
			return;
		}
		else {
#ifdef ZT_SDK
			// Immediately close new local connections. The intention is to prevent the backplane from being accessed when operating as libzt
			if (! allowHttpBackplaneManagement && ((InetAddress*)from)->ipScope() == InetAddress::IP_SCOPE_LOOPBACK) {
				_phy.close(sockN, false);
				return;
			}
#endif
			TcpConnection* tc = new TcpConnection();
			{
				Mutex::Lock _l(_tcpConnections_m);
				_tcpConnections.push_back(tc);
			}

			tc->type = TcpConnection::TCP_UNCATEGORIZED_INCOMING;
			tc->parent = this;
			tc->sock = sockN;
			tc->remoteAddr = from;
			tc->lastReceive = OSUtils::now();
			http_parser_init(&(tc->parser), HTTP_REQUEST);
			tc->parser.data = (void*)tc;
			tc->messageSize = 0;

			*uptrN = (void*)tc;
		}
	}

	void phyOnTcpClose(PhySocket* sock, void** uptr)
	{
		TcpConnection* tc = (TcpConnection*)*uptr;
		if (tc) {
			if (tc == _tcpFallbackTunnel) {
				_tcpFallbackTunnel = (TcpConnection*)0;
			}
			{
				Mutex::Lock _l(_tcpConnections_m);
				_tcpConnections.erase(std::remove(_tcpConnections.begin(), _tcpConnections.end(), tc), _tcpConnections.end());
			}
			delete tc;
		}
	}

	void phyOnTcpData(PhySocket* sock, void** uptr, void* data, unsigned long len)
	{
		try {
			if (! len)
				return;	  // sanity check, should never happen
			Metrics::tcp_recv += len;
			TcpConnection* tc = reinterpret_cast<TcpConnection*>(*uptr);
			tc->lastReceive = OSUtils::now();
			switch (tc->type) {
				case TcpConnection::TCP_UNCATEGORIZED_INCOMING:
					return;

				case TcpConnection::TCP_HTTP_INCOMING:
				case TcpConnection::TCP_HTTP_OUTGOING:
					http_parser_execute(&(tc->parser), &HTTP_PARSER_SETTINGS, (const char*)data, len);
					if ((tc->parser.upgrade) || (tc->parser.http_errno != HPE_OK))
						_phy.close(sock);
					return;

				case TcpConnection::TCP_TUNNEL_OUTGOING:
					tc->readq.append((const char*)data, len);
					while (tc->readq.length() >= 5) {
						const char* data = tc->readq.data();
						const unsigned long mlen = (((((unsigned long)data[3]) & 0xff) << 8) | (((unsigned long)data[4]) & 0xff));
						if (tc->readq.length() >= (mlen + 5)) {
							InetAddress from;

							unsigned long plen = mlen;	 // payload length, modified if there's an IP header
							data += 5;					 // skip forward past pseudo-TLS junk and mlen
							if (plen == 4) {
								// Hello message, which isn't sent by proxy and would be ignored by client
							}
							else if (plen) {
								// Messages should contain IPv4 or IPv6 source IP address data
								switch (data[0]) {
									case 4:	  // IPv4
										if (plen >= 7) {
											from.set((const void*)(data + 1), 4, ((((unsigned int)data[5]) & 0xff) << 8) | (((unsigned int)data[6]) & 0xff));
											data += 7;	 // type + 4 byte IP + 2 byte port
											plen -= 7;
										}
										else {
											_phy.close(sock);
											return;
										}
										break;
									case 6:	  // IPv6
										if (plen >= 19) {
											from.set((const void*)(data + 1), 16, ((((unsigned int)data[17]) & 0xff) << 8) | (((unsigned int)data[18]) & 0xff));
											data += 19;	  // type + 16 byte IP + 2 byte port
											plen -= 19;
										}
										else {
											_phy.close(sock);
											return;
										}
										break;
									case 0:	  // none/omitted
										++data;
										--plen;
										break;
									default:   // invalid address type
										_phy.close(sock);
										return;
								}

								if (from) {
									InetAddress fakeTcpLocalInterfaceAddress((uint32_t)0xffffffff, 0xffff);
									const ZT_ResultCode rc = _node->processWirePacket((void*)0, OSUtils::now(), -1, reinterpret_cast<struct sockaddr_storage*>(&from), data, plen, &_nextBackgroundTaskDeadline);
									if (ZT_ResultCode_isFatal(rc)) {
										char tmp[256];
										OSUtils::ztsnprintf(tmp, sizeof(tmp), "fatal error code from processWirePacket: %d", (int)rc);
										Mutex::Lock _l(_termReason_m);
										_termReason = ONE_UNRECOVERABLE_ERROR;
										_fatalErrorMessage = tmp;
										this->terminate();
										_phy.close(sock);
										return;
									}
								}
							}

							if (tc->readq.length() > (mlen + 5))
								tc->readq.erase(tc->readq.begin(), tc->readq.begin() + (mlen + 5));
							else
								tc->readq.clear();
						}
						else
							break;
					}
					return;
			}
		}
		catch (...) {
			_phy.close(sock);
		}
	}

	inline void phyOnTcpWritable(PhySocket* sock, void** uptr)
	{
		TcpConnection* tc = reinterpret_cast<TcpConnection*>(*uptr);
		bool closeit = false;
		{
			Mutex::Lock _l(tc->writeq_m);
			if (tc->writeq.length() > 0) {
				long sent = (long)_phy.streamSend(sock, tc->writeq.data(), (unsigned long)tc->writeq.length(), true);
				Metrics::tcp_send += sent;
				if (sent > 0) {
					if ((unsigned long)sent >= (unsigned long)tc->writeq.length()) {
						tc->writeq.clear();
						_phy.setNotifyWritable(sock, false);

						if (tc->type == TcpConnection::TCP_HTTP_INCOMING)
							closeit = true;	  // HTTP keep alive not supported
					}
					else {
						tc->writeq.erase(tc->writeq.begin(), tc->writeq.begin() + sent);
					}
				}
			}
			else {
				_phy.setNotifyWritable(sock, false);
			}
		}
		if (closeit)
			_phy.close(sock);
	}

	inline void phyOnFileDescriptorActivity(PhySocket* sock, void** uptr, bool readable, bool writable)
	{
	}
	inline void phyOnUnixAccept(PhySocket* sockL, PhySocket* sockN, void** uptrL, void** uptrN)
	{
	}
	inline void phyOnUnixClose(PhySocket* sock, void** uptr)
	{
	}
	inline void phyOnUnixData(PhySocket* sock, void** uptr, void* data, unsigned long len)
	{
#ifdef ZT_EXTOSDEP
		if (ExtOsdep::mgmtRecv(*uptr, data, len, [&](unsigned method, const std::string& path, const std::string& data, std::string& resp) {
				// fprintf(stderr, "mgmtRecv: %u %s %s\n", method, path.c_str(), data.c_str());
				httplib::Request req;
				httplib::Response res;
				req.path = "/" + path;
				if (method == 1)
					req.method = "GET";
				else if (method == 3)
					req.method = "POST";
				else if (method == 0)
					req.method = "DELETE";
				struct S : public httplib::Stream {
					const char* ptr;
					unsigned size;
					S(const std::string& s) : ptr(s.c_str()), size(s.size())
					{
					}
					virtual bool is_readable() const
					{
						return true;
					}
					virtual bool is_writable() const
					{
						return true;
					}
					virtual ssize_t read(char* p, size_t sz)
					{
						// fprintf(stderr, "S::read %d\n", (int)size);
						if (sz > (size_t)size)
							sz = size;
						memcpy(p, ptr, sz);
						size -= (unsigned)sz;
						ptr += sz;
						return (ssize_t)sz;
					}
					virtual ssize_t write(const char* ptr, size_t size)
					{
						// fprintf(stderr, "S::write %d\n", (int)size);
						return size;
					}
					virtual void get_remote_ip_and_port(std::string& ip, int& port) const
					{
					}
					virtual void get_local_ip_and_port(std::string& ip, int& port) const {};
					virtual socket_t socket() const
					{
						return 0;
					}
				};
				S s(data);

				bool x = _controlPlane.routing(req, res, s);
				// fprintf(stderr, "mgmtRecv: done, x %d status %u body %s\n", x, res.status, res.body.c_str());
				resp = res.body;
				return res.status;
			}))
			_phy.setNotifyWritable(sock, true);
#endif
	}
	inline void phyOnUnixWritable(PhySocket* sock, void** uptr)
	{
#ifdef ZT_EXTOSDEP
		if (ExtOsdep::mgmtWritable(*uptr))
			_phy.setNotifyWritable(sock, false);
#endif
	}

	inline int nodeVirtualNetworkConfigFunction(uint64_t nwid, void** nuptr, enum ZT_VirtualNetworkConfigOperation op, const ZT_VirtualNetworkConfig* nwc)
	{
		Mutex::Lock _l(_nets_m);
		NetworkState& n = _nets[nwid];
		n.setWebPort(_primaryPort);

		switch (op) {
			case ZT_VIRTUAL_NETWORK_CONFIG_OPERATION_UP:
				if (! n.tap()) {
					try {
						char friendlyName[128];
						OSUtils::ztsnprintf(friendlyName, sizeof(friendlyName), "ZeroTier One [%.16llx]", nwid);

						n.setTap(EthernetTap::newInstance(nullptr, _concurrency, _cpuPinningEnabled, _homePath.c_str(), MAC(nwc->mac), nwc->mtu, (unsigned int)ZT_IF_METRIC, nwid, friendlyName, StapFrameHandler, (void*)this));
						*nuptr = (void*)&n;

						char nlcpath[256];
						OSUtils::ztsnprintf(nlcpath, sizeof(nlcpath), "%s" ZT_PATH_SEPARATOR_S "networks.d" ZT_PATH_SEPARATOR_S "%.16llx.local.conf", _homePath.c_str(), nwid);
						std::string nlcbuf;
						if (OSUtils::readFile(nlcpath, nlcbuf)) {
							Dictionary<4096> nc;
							nc.load(nlcbuf.c_str());
							Buffer<1024> allowManaged;
							if (nc.get("allowManaged", allowManaged) && allowManaged.size() > 0) {
								std::string addresses(allowManaged.begin(), allowManaged.size());
								if (allowManaged.size() <= 5) {	  // untidy parsing for backward compatibility
									if (allowManaged[0] == '1' || allowManaged[0] == 't' || allowManaged[0] == 'T') {
										n.setAllowManaged(true);
									}
									else {
										n.setAllowManaged(false);
									}
								}
								else {
									// this should be a list of IP addresses
									n.setAllowManaged(true);
									size_t pos = 0;
									while (true) {
										size_t nextPos = addresses.find(',', pos);
										std::string address = addresses.substr(pos, (nextPos == std::string::npos ? addresses.size() : nextPos) - pos);
										n.addToAllowManagedWhiteList(InetAddress(address.c_str()));
										if (nextPos == std::string::npos)
											break;
										pos = nextPos + 1;
									}
								}
							}
							else {
								n.setAllowManaged(true);
							}
							n.setAllowGlobal(nc.getB("allowGlobal", false));
							n.setAllowDefault(nc.getB("allowDefault", false));
							n.setAllowDNS(nc.getB("allowDNS", false));
						}
					}
					catch (std::exception& exc) {
#ifdef __WINDOWS__
						FILE* tapFailLog = fopen((_homePath + ZT_PATH_SEPARATOR_S "port_error_log.txt").c_str(), "a");
						if (tapFailLog) {
							fprintf(tapFailLog, "%.16llx: %s" ZT_EOL_S, (unsigned long long)nwid, exc.what());
							fclose(tapFailLog);
						}
#else
						fprintf(stderr, "ERROR: unable to configure virtual network port: %s" ZT_EOL_S, exc.what());
#endif
						_nets.erase(nwid);
						return -999;
					}
					catch (...) {
						return -999;   // tap init failed
					}
				}
				// After setting up tap, fall through to CONFIG_UPDATE since we also want to do this...

			case ZT_VIRTUAL_NETWORK_CONFIG_OPERATION_CONFIG_UPDATE:
				n.setConfig(nwc);

				if (n.tap()) {	 // sanity check
#if defined(__WINDOWS__) && ! defined(ZT_SDK)
					// wait for up to 5 seconds for the WindowsEthernetTap to actually be initialized
					//
					// without WindowsEthernetTap::isInitialized() returning true, the won't actually
					// be online yet and setting managed routes on it will fail.
					const int MAX_SLEEP_COUNT = 500;
					for (int i = 0; ! ((WindowsEthernetTap*)(n.tap().get()))->isInitialized() && i < MAX_SLEEP_COUNT; i++) {
						Sleep(10);
					}
#endif
					syncManagedStuff(n, true, true, true);
					n.tap()->setMtu(nwc->mtu);
				}
				else {
					_nets.erase(nwid);
					return -999;   // tap init failed
				}
				break;

			case ZT_VIRTUAL_NETWORK_CONFIG_OPERATION_DOWN:
			case ZT_VIRTUAL_NETWORK_CONFIG_OPERATION_DESTROY:
				if (n.tap()) {	 // sanity check
#if defined(__WINDOWS__) && ! defined(ZT_SDK)
					std::string winInstanceId(((WindowsEthernetTap*)(n.tap().get()))->instanceId());
#endif
					*nuptr = (void*)0;
					n.tap().reset();
					_nets.erase(nwid);
#if defined(__WINDOWS__) && ! defined(ZT_SDK)
					if ((op == ZT_VIRTUAL_NETWORK_CONFIG_OPERATION_DESTROY) && (winInstanceId.length() > 0)) {
						WindowsEthernetTap::deletePersistentTapDevice(winInstanceId.c_str());
						WinFWHelper::removeICMPRules(nwid);
					}
#endif
					if (op == ZT_VIRTUAL_NETWORK_CONFIG_OPERATION_DESTROY) {
						char nlcpath[256];
						OSUtils::ztsnprintf(nlcpath, sizeof(nlcpath), "%s" ZT_PATH_SEPARATOR_S "networks.d" ZT_PATH_SEPARATOR_S "%.16llx.local.conf", _homePath.c_str(), nwid);
						OSUtils::rm(nlcpath);
					}
				}
				else {
					_nets.erase(nwid);
				}
				break;
		}
		return 0;
	}

	inline void nodeEventCallback(enum ZT_Event event, const void* metaData)
	{
		switch (event) {
			case ZT_EVENT_FATAL_ERROR_IDENTITY_COLLISION: {
				Mutex::Lock _l(_termReason_m);
				_termReason = ONE_IDENTITY_COLLISION;
				_fatalErrorMessage = "identity/address collision";
				this->terminate();
			} break;

			case ZT_EVENT_TRACE: {
				if (metaData) {
					::fprintf(stderr, "%s" ZT_EOL_S, (const char*)metaData);
					::fflush(stderr);
				}
			} break;

			case ZT_EVENT_USER_MESSAGE: {
				const ZT_UserMessage* um = reinterpret_cast<const ZT_UserMessage*>(metaData);
				if ((um->typeId == ZT_SOFTWARE_UPDATE_USER_MESSAGE_TYPE) && (_updater)) {
					_updater->handleSoftwareUpdateUserMessage(um->origin, um->data, um->length);
				}
			} break;

			case ZT_EVENT_REMOTE_TRACE: {
				const ZT_RemoteTrace* rt = reinterpret_cast<const ZT_RemoteTrace*>(metaData);
				if ((rt) && (rt->len > 0) && (rt->len <= ZT_MAX_REMOTE_TRACE_SIZE) && (rt->data))
					_controller->handleRemoteTrace(*rt);
			}

			default:
				break;
		}
	}

#if ZT_VAULT_SUPPORT
	inline bool nodeVaultPutIdentity(enum ZT_StateObjectType type, const void* data, int len)
	{
		bool retval = false;
		if (type != ZT_STATE_OBJECT_IDENTITY_PUBLIC && type != ZT_STATE_OBJECT_IDENTITY_SECRET) {
			return retval;
		}

		CURL* curl = curl_easy_init();
		if (curl) {
			char token[512] = { 0 };
			snprintf(token, sizeof(token), "X-Vault-Token: %s", _vaultToken.c_str());

			struct curl_slist* chunk = NULL;
			chunk = curl_slist_append(chunk, token);

			char content_type[512] = { 0 };
			snprintf(content_type, sizeof(content_type), "Content-Type: application/json");

			chunk = curl_slist_append(chunk, content_type);

			curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_HTTPHEADER, chunk);

			char url[2048] = { 0 };
			snprintf(url, sizeof(url), "%s/v1/%s", _vaultURL.c_str(), _vaultPath.c_str());

			curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_URL, url);

			json d = json::object();
			if (type == ZT_STATE_OBJECT_IDENTITY_PUBLIC) {
				std::string key((const char*)data, len);
				d["public"] = key;
			}
			else if (type == ZT_STATE_OBJECT_IDENTITY_SECRET) {
				std::string key((const char*)data, len);
				d["secret"] = key;
			}

			if (! d.empty()) {
				std::string post = d.dump();

				if (! post.empty()) {
					curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_POSTFIELDS, post.c_str());
					curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_POSTFIELDSIZE, post.length());

#ifndef NDEBUG
					curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_VERBOSE, 1L);
#endif

					CURLcode res = curl_easy_perform(curl);
					if (res == CURLE_OK) {
						long response_code = 0;
						curl_easy_getinfo(curl, CURLINFO_RESPONSE_CODE, &response_code);
						if (response_code == 200 || response_code == 204) {
							retval = true;
						}
					}
				}
			}

			curl_easy_cleanup(curl);
			curl = NULL;
			curl_slist_free_all(chunk);
			chunk = NULL;
		}

		return retval;
	}
#endif

	inline void nodeStatePutFunction(enum ZT_StateObjectType type, const uint64_t id[2], const void* data, int len)
	{
#if ZT_VAULT_SUPPORT
		if (_vaultEnabled && (type == ZT_STATE_OBJECT_IDENTITY_SECRET || type == ZT_STATE_OBJECT_IDENTITY_PUBLIC)) {
			if (nodeVaultPutIdentity(type, data, len)) {
				// value successfully written to Vault
				return;
			}
			// else fallback to disk
		}
#endif
		char p[1024];
		FILE* f;
		bool secure = false;
		char dirname[1024];
		dirname[0] = 0;

		switch (type) {
			case ZT_STATE_OBJECT_IDENTITY_PUBLIC:
				OSUtils::ztsnprintf(p, sizeof(p), "%s" ZT_PATH_SEPARATOR_S "identity.public", _homePath.c_str());
				break;
			case ZT_STATE_OBJECT_IDENTITY_SECRET:
				OSUtils::ztsnprintf(p, sizeof(p), "%s" ZT_PATH_SEPARATOR_S "identity.secret", _homePath.c_str());
				secure = true;
				break;
			case ZT_STATE_OBJECT_PLANET:
				OSUtils::ztsnprintf(p, sizeof(p), "%s" ZT_PATH_SEPARATOR_S "planet", _homePath.c_str());
				break;
			case ZT_STATE_OBJECT_MOON:
				OSUtils::ztsnprintf(dirname, sizeof(dirname), "%s" ZT_PATH_SEPARATOR_S "moons.d", _homePath.c_str());
				OSUtils::ztsnprintf(p, sizeof(p), "%s" ZT_PATH_SEPARATOR_S "%.16llx.moon", dirname, (unsigned long long)id[0]);
				break;
			case ZT_STATE_OBJECT_NETWORK_CONFIG:
				OSUtils::ztsnprintf(dirname, sizeof(dirname), "%s" ZT_PATH_SEPARATOR_S "networks.d", _homePath.c_str());
				OSUtils::ztsnprintf(p, sizeof(p), "%s" ZT_PATH_SEPARATOR_S "%.16llx.conf", dirname, (unsigned long long)id[0]);
				break;
			case ZT_STATE_OBJECT_PEER:
				OSUtils::ztsnprintf(dirname, sizeof(dirname), "%s" ZT_PATH_SEPARATOR_S "peers.d", _homePath.c_str());
				OSUtils::ztsnprintf(p, sizeof(p), "%s" ZT_PATH_SEPARATOR_S "%.10llx.peer", dirname, (unsigned long long)id[0]);
				break;
			default:
				return;
		}

		if ((len >= 0) && (data)) {
			// Check to see if we've already written this first. This reduces
			// redundant writes and I/O overhead on most platforms and has
			// little effect on others.
			f = fopen(p, "rb");
			if (f) {
				char* const buf = (char*)malloc(len * 4);
				if (buf) {
					long l = (long)fread(buf, 1, (size_t)(len * 4), f);
					fclose(f);
					if ((l == (long)len) && (memcmp(data, buf, l) == 0)) {
						free(buf);
						return;
					}
					free(buf);
				}
			}

			f = fopen(p, "wb");
			if ((! f) && (dirname[0])) {   // create subdirectory if it does not exist
				OSUtils::mkdir(dirname);
				f = fopen(p, "wb");
			}
			if (f) {
				if (fwrite(data, len, 1, f) != 1)
					fprintf(stderr, "WARNING: unable to write to file: %s (I/O error)" ZT_EOL_S, p);
				fclose(f);
				if (secure)
					OSUtils::lockDownFile(p, false);
			}
			else {
				fprintf(stderr, "WARNING: unable to write to file: %s (unable to open)" ZT_EOL_S, p);
			}
		}
		else {
			OSUtils::rm(p);
		}
	}

#if ZT_VAULT_SUPPORT
	inline int nodeVaultGetIdentity(enum ZT_StateObjectType type, void* data, unsigned int maxlen)
	{
		if (type != ZT_STATE_OBJECT_IDENTITY_SECRET && type != ZT_STATE_OBJECT_IDENTITY_PUBLIC) {
			return -1;
		}

		int ret = -1;
		CURL* curl = curl_easy_init();
		if (curl) {
			char token[512] = { 0 };
			snprintf(token, sizeof(token), "X-Vault-Token: %s", _vaultToken.c_str());

			struct curl_slist* chunk = NULL;
			chunk = curl_slist_append(chunk, token);
			curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_HTTPHEADER, chunk);

			char url[2048] = { 0 };
			snprintf(url, sizeof(url), "%s/v1/%s", _vaultURL.c_str(), _vaultPath.c_str());

			curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_URL, url);

			std::string response;
			std::string res_headers;

			curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_WRITEFUNCTION, &curlResponseWrite);
			curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_WRITEDATA, &response);
			curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_HEADERDATA, &res_headers);

#ifndef NDEBUG
			curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_VERBOSE, 1L);
#endif

			CURLcode res = curl_easy_perform(curl);

			if (res == CURLE_OK) {
				long response_code = 0;
				curl_easy_getinfo(curl, CURLINFO_RESPONSE_CODE, &response_code);
				if (response_code == 200) {
					try {
						json payload = json::parse(response);
						if (! payload["data"].is_null()) {
							json& d = payload["data"];
							if (type == ZT_STATE_OBJECT_IDENTITY_SECRET) {
								std::string secret = OSUtils::jsonString(d["secret"], "");

								if (! secret.empty()) {
									ret = (int)secret.length();
									memcpy(data, secret.c_str(), ret);
								}
							}
							else if (type == ZT_STATE_OBJECT_IDENTITY_PUBLIC) {
								std::string pub = OSUtils::jsonString(d["public"], "");

								if (! pub.empty()) {
									ret = (int)pub.length();
									memcpy(data, pub.c_str(), ret);
								}
							}
						}
					}
					catch (...) {
						ret = -1;
					}
				}
			}

			curl_easy_cleanup(curl);
			curl = NULL;
			curl_slist_free_all(chunk);
			chunk = NULL;
		}
		return ret;
	}
#endif

	inline int nodeStateGetFunction(enum ZT_StateObjectType type, const uint64_t id[2], void* data, unsigned int maxlen)
	{
#if ZT_VAULT_SUPPORT
		if (_vaultEnabled && (type == ZT_STATE_OBJECT_IDENTITY_SECRET || type == ZT_STATE_OBJECT_IDENTITY_PUBLIC)) {
			int retval = nodeVaultGetIdentity(type, data, maxlen);
			if (retval >= 0)
				return retval;

			// else continue file based lookup
		}
#endif
		char p[4096];
		switch (type) {
			case ZT_STATE_OBJECT_IDENTITY_PUBLIC:
				OSUtils::ztsnprintf(p, sizeof(p), "%s" ZT_PATH_SEPARATOR_S "identity.public", _homePath.c_str());
				break;
			case ZT_STATE_OBJECT_IDENTITY_SECRET:
				OSUtils::ztsnprintf(p, sizeof(p), "%s" ZT_PATH_SEPARATOR_S "identity.secret", _homePath.c_str());
				break;
			case ZT_STATE_OBJECT_PLANET:
				OSUtils::ztsnprintf(p, sizeof(p), "%s" ZT_PATH_SEPARATOR_S "planet", _homePath.c_str());
				break;
			case ZT_STATE_OBJECT_MOON:
				OSUtils::ztsnprintf(p, sizeof(p), "%s" ZT_PATH_SEPARATOR_S "moons.d" ZT_PATH_SEPARATOR_S "%.16llx.moon", _homePath.c_str(), (unsigned long long)id[0]);
				break;
			case ZT_STATE_OBJECT_NETWORK_CONFIG:
				OSUtils::ztsnprintf(p, sizeof(p), "%s" ZT_PATH_SEPARATOR_S "networks.d" ZT_PATH_SEPARATOR_S "%.16llx.conf", _homePath.c_str(), (unsigned long long)id[0]);
				break;
			case ZT_STATE_OBJECT_PEER:
				OSUtils::ztsnprintf(p, sizeof(p), "%s" ZT_PATH_SEPARATOR_S "peers.d" ZT_PATH_SEPARATOR_S "%.10llx.peer", _homePath.c_str(), (unsigned long long)id[0]);
				break;
			default:
				return -1;
		}
		FILE* f = fopen(p, "rb");
		if (f) {
			int n = (int)fread(data, 1, maxlen, f);
			fclose(f);
#if ZT_VAULT_SUPPORT
			if (_vaultEnabled && (type == ZT_STATE_OBJECT_IDENTITY_SECRET || type == ZT_STATE_OBJECT_IDENTITY_PUBLIC)) {
				// If we've gotten here while Vault is enabled, Vault does not know the key and it's been
				// read from disk instead.
				//
				// We should put the value in Vault and remove the local file.
				if (nodeVaultPutIdentity(type, data, n)) {
					unlink(p);
				}
			}
#endif
			if (n >= 0)
				return n;
		}
		return -1;
	}

	inline int nodeWirePacketSendFunction(const int64_t localSocket, const struct sockaddr_storage* addr, const void* data, unsigned int len, unsigned int ttl)
	{
#ifdef ZT_TCP_FALLBACK_RELAY
		if (_allowTcpFallbackRelay) {
			if (addr->ss_family == AF_INET) {
				// TCP fallback tunnel support, currently IPv4 only
				if ((len >= 16) && (reinterpret_cast<const InetAddress*>(addr)->ipScope() == InetAddress::IP_SCOPE_GLOBAL)) {
					// Engage TCP tunnel fallback if we haven't received anything valid from a global
					// IP address in ZT_TCP_FALLBACK_AFTER milliseconds. If we do start getting
					// valid direct traffic we'll stop using it and close the socket after a while.
					const int64_t now = OSUtils::now();
					if (_forceTcpRelay || (((now - _lastDirectReceiveFromGlobal) > ZT_TCP_FALLBACK_AFTER) && ((now - _lastRestart) > ZT_TCP_FALLBACK_AFTER))) {
						if (_tcpFallbackTunnel) {
							bool flushNow = false;
							{
								Mutex::Lock _l(_tcpFallbackTunnel->writeq_m);
								if (_tcpFallbackTunnel->writeq.size() < (1024 * 64)) {
									if (_tcpFallbackTunnel->writeq.length() == 0) {
										_phy.setNotifyWritable(_tcpFallbackTunnel->sock, true);
										flushNow = true;
									}
									const unsigned long mlen = len + 7;
									_tcpFallbackTunnel->writeq.push_back((char)0x17);
									_tcpFallbackTunnel->writeq.push_back((char)0x03);
									_tcpFallbackTunnel->writeq.push_back((char)0x03);	// fake TLS 1.2 header
									_tcpFallbackTunnel->writeq.push_back((char)((mlen >> 8) & 0xff));
									_tcpFallbackTunnel->writeq.push_back((char)(mlen & 0xff));
									_tcpFallbackTunnel->writeq.push_back((char)4);	 // IPv4
									_tcpFallbackTunnel->writeq.append(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(reinterpret_cast<const void*>(&(reinterpret_cast<const struct sockaddr_in*>(addr)->sin_addr.s_addr))), 4);
									_tcpFallbackTunnel->writeq.append(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(reinterpret_cast<const void*>(&(reinterpret_cast<const struct sockaddr_in*>(addr)->sin_port))), 2);
									_tcpFallbackTunnel->writeq.append((const char*)data, len);
								}
							}
							if (flushNow) {
								void* tmpptr = (void*)_tcpFallbackTunnel;
								phyOnTcpWritable(_tcpFallbackTunnel->sock, &tmpptr);
							}
						}
						else if (_forceTcpRelay || (((now - _lastSendToGlobalV4) < ZT_TCP_FALLBACK_AFTER) && ((now - _lastSendToGlobalV4) > (ZT_PING_CHECK_INTERVAL / 2)))) {
							const InetAddress addr(_fallbackRelayAddress);
							TcpConnection* tc = new TcpConnection();
							{
								Mutex::Lock _l(_tcpConnections_m);
								_tcpConnections.push_back(tc);
							}
							tc->type = TcpConnection::TCP_TUNNEL_OUTGOING;
							tc->remoteAddr = addr;
							tc->lastReceive = OSUtils::now();
							tc->parent = this;
							tc->sock = (PhySocket*)0;	// set in connect handler
							tc->messageSize = 0;
							bool connected = false;
							_phy.tcpConnect(reinterpret_cast<const struct sockaddr*>(&addr), connected, (void*)tc, true);
						}
					}
					_lastSendToGlobalV4 = now;
				}
			}
		}
		if (_forceTcpRelay) {
			// Shortcut here so that we don't emit any UDP packets
			return 0;
		}
#endif	 // ZT_TCP_FALLBACK_RELAY

		// Even when relaying we still send via UDP. This way if UDP starts
		// working we can instantly "fail forward" to it and stop using TCP
		// proxy fallback, which is slow.
		if ((localSocket != -1) && (localSocket != 0) && (_binder.isUdpSocketValid((PhySocket*)((uintptr_t)localSocket)))) {
			if ((ttl) && (addr->ss_family == AF_INET)) {
				_phy.setIp4UdpTtl((PhySocket*)((uintptr_t)localSocket), ttl);
			}
			const bool r = _phy.udpSend((PhySocket*)((uintptr_t)localSocket), (const struct sockaddr*)addr, data, len);
			if ((ttl) && (addr->ss_family == AF_INET)) {
				_phy.setIp4UdpTtl((PhySocket*)((uintptr_t)localSocket), 255);
			}
			return ((r) ? 0 : -1);
		}
		else {
			return ((_binder.udpSendAll(_phy, addr, data, len, ttl)) ? 0 : -1);
		}
	}

	inline void nodeVirtualNetworkFrameFunction(uint64_t nwid, void** nuptr, uint64_t sourceMac, uint64_t destMac, unsigned int etherType, unsigned int vlanId, const void* data, unsigned int len)
	{
		NetworkState* n = reinterpret_cast<NetworkState*>(*nuptr);
		if ((! n) || (! n->tap())) {
			return;
		}
		n->tap()->put(MAC(sourceMac), MAC(destMac), etherType, data, len);
	}

	inline int nodePathCheckFunction(uint64_t ztaddr, const int64_t localSocket, const struct sockaddr_storage* remoteAddr)
	{
		// Make sure we're not trying to do ZeroTier-over-ZeroTier
		{
			Mutex::Lock _l(_nets_m);
			for (std::map<uint64_t, NetworkState>::const_iterator n(_nets.begin()); n != _nets.end(); ++n) {
				if (n->second.tap()) {
					std::vector<InetAddress> ips(n->second.tap()->ips());
					for (std::vector<InetAddress>::const_iterator i(ips.begin()); i != ips.end(); ++i) {
						if (i->containsAddress(*(reinterpret_cast<const InetAddress*>(remoteAddr)))) {
							return 0;
						}
					}
				}
			}
		}

		/* Note: I do not think we need to scan for overlap with managed routes
		 * because of the "route forking" and interface binding that we do. This
		 * ensures (we hope) that ZeroTier traffic will still take the physical
		 * path even if its managed routes override this for other traffic. Will
		 * revisit if we see recursion problems. */

		// Check blacklists
		const Hashtable<uint64_t, std::vector<InetAddress> >* blh = (const Hashtable<uint64_t, std::vector<InetAddress> >*)0;
		const std::vector<InetAddress>* gbl = (const std::vector<InetAddress>*)0;
		if (remoteAddr->ss_family == AF_INET) {
			blh = &_v4Blacklists;
			gbl = &_globalV4Blacklist;
		}
		else if (remoteAddr->ss_family == AF_INET6) {
			blh = &_v6Blacklists;
			gbl = &_globalV6Blacklist;
		}
		if (blh) {
			Mutex::Lock _l(_localConfig_m);
			const std::vector<InetAddress>* l = blh->get(ztaddr);
			if (l) {
				for (std::vector<InetAddress>::const_iterator a(l->begin()); a != l->end(); ++a) {
					if (a->containsAddress(*reinterpret_cast<const InetAddress*>(remoteAddr)))
						return 0;
				}
			}
		}
		if (gbl) {
			for (std::vector<InetAddress>::const_iterator a(gbl->begin()); a != gbl->end(); ++a) {
				if (a->containsAddress(*reinterpret_cast<const InetAddress*>(remoteAddr)))
					return 0;
			}
		}
		return 1;
	}

	inline int nodePathLookupFunction(uint64_t ztaddr, int family, struct sockaddr_storage* result)
	{
		const Hashtable<uint64_t, std::vector<InetAddress> >* lh = (const Hashtable<uint64_t, std::vector<InetAddress> >*)0;
		if (family < 0)
			lh = (_node->prng() & 1) ? &_v4Hints : &_v6Hints;
		else if (family == AF_INET)
			lh = &_v4Hints;
		else if (family == AF_INET6)
			lh = &_v6Hints;
		else
			return 0;
		const std::vector<InetAddress>* l = lh->get(ztaddr);
		if ((l) && (! l->empty())) {
			memcpy(result, &((*l)[(unsigned long)_node->prng() % l->size()]), sizeof(struct sockaddr_storage));
			return 1;
		}
		else
			return 0;
	}

	inline void tapFrameHandler(uint64_t nwid, const MAC& from, const MAC& to, unsigned int etherType, unsigned int vlanId, const void* data, unsigned int len)
	{
		_node->processVirtualNetworkFrame((void*)0, OSUtils::now(), nwid, from.toInt(), to.toInt(), etherType, vlanId, data, len, &_nextBackgroundTaskDeadline);
	}

	inline void onHttpResponseFromClient(TcpConnection* tc)
	{
		_phy.close(tc->sock);
	}

	bool shouldBindInterface(const char* ifname, const InetAddress& ifaddr)
	{
#if defined(__linux__) || defined(linux) || defined(__LINUX__) || defined(__linux)
		if ((ifname[0] == 'l') && (ifname[1] == 'o'))
			return false;	// loopback
		if ((ifname[0] == 'z') && (ifname[1] == 't'))
			return false;	// sanity check: zt#
		if ((ifname[0] == 't') && (ifname[1] == 'u') && (ifname[2] == 'n'))
			return false;	// tun# is probably an OpenVPN tunnel or similar
		if ((ifname[0] == 't') && (ifname[1] == 'a') && (ifname[2] == 'p'))
			return false;	// tap# is probably an OpenVPN tunnel or similar
#endif

#ifdef __APPLE__
		if ((ifname[0] == 'f') && (ifname[1] == 'e') && (ifname[2] == 't') && (ifname[3] == 'h'))
			return false;	// ... as is feth#
		if ((ifname[0] == 'l') && (ifname[1] == 'o'))
			return false;	// loopback
		if ((ifname[0] == 'z') && (ifname[1] == 't'))
			return false;	// sanity check: zt#
		if ((ifname[0] == 't') && (ifname[1] == 'u') && (ifname[2] == 'n'))
			return false;	// tun# is probably an OpenVPN tunnel or similar
		if ((ifname[0] == 't') && (ifname[1] == 'a') && (ifname[2] == 'p'))
			return false;	// tap# is probably an OpenVPN tunnel or similar
		if ((ifname[0] == 'u') && (ifname[1] == 't') && (ifname[2] == 'u') && (ifname[3] == 'n'))
			return false;	// ... as is utun#
#endif

#ifdef __FreeBSD__
		if ((ifname[0] == 'l') && (ifname[1] == 'o'))
			return false;	// loopback
		if ((ifname[0] == 'z') && (ifname[1] == 't'))
			return false;	// sanity check: zt#
#endif

		{
			Mutex::Lock _l(_localConfig_m);
			for (std::vector<std::string>::const_iterator p(_interfacePrefixBlacklist.begin()); p != _interfacePrefixBlacklist.end(); ++p) {
				if (! strncmp(p->c_str(), ifname, p->length()))
					return false;
			}
		}
		{
			// Check global blacklists
			const std::vector<InetAddress>* gbl = (const std::vector<InetAddress>*)0;
			if (ifaddr.ss_family == AF_INET) {
				gbl = &_globalV4Blacklist;
			}
			else if (ifaddr.ss_family == AF_INET6) {
				gbl = &_globalV6Blacklist;
			}
			if (gbl) {
				Mutex::Lock _l(_localConfig_m);
				for (std::vector<InetAddress>::const_iterator a(gbl->begin()); a != gbl->end(); ++a) {
					if (a->containsAddress(ifaddr))
						return false;
				}
			}
		}
		{
			Mutex::Lock _l(_nets_m);
			for (std::map<uint64_t, NetworkState>::const_iterator n(_nets.begin()); n != _nets.end(); ++n) {
				if (n->second.tap()) {
					std::vector<InetAddress> ips(n->second.tap()->ips());
					for (std::vector<InetAddress>::const_iterator i(ips.begin()); i != ips.end(); ++i) {
						if (i->ipsEqual(ifaddr))
							return false;
					}
#ifdef _WIN32
					if (n->second.tap()->friendlyName() == ifname)
						return false;
#endif
				}
			}
		}

		return true;
	}

	unsigned int _getRandomPort()
	{
		unsigned int randp = 0;
		Utils::getSecureRandom(&randp, sizeof(randp));
		randp = 20000 + (randp % 45500);
		for (int i = 0;; ++i) {
			if (i > 1000) {
				return 0;
			}
			else if (++randp >= 65536) {
				randp = 20000;
			}
			if (_trialBind(randp))
				break;
		}
		return randp;
	}

	bool _trialBind(unsigned int port)
	{
		struct sockaddr_in in4;
		struct sockaddr_in6 in6;
		PhySocket* tb;

		memset(&in4, 0, sizeof(in4));
		in4.sin_family = AF_INET;
		in4.sin_port = Utils::hton((uint16_t)port);
		tb = _phy.udpBind(reinterpret_cast<const struct sockaddr*>(&in4), (void*)0, 0);
		if (tb) {
			_phy.close(tb, false);
			tb = _phy.tcpListen(reinterpret_cast<const struct sockaddr*>(&in4), (void*)0);
			if (tb) {
				_phy.close(tb, false);
				return true;
			}
		}

		memset(&in6, 0, sizeof(in6));
		in6.sin6_family = AF_INET6;
		in6.sin6_port = Utils::hton((uint16_t)port);
		tb = _phy.udpBind(reinterpret_cast<const struct sockaddr*>(&in6), (void*)0, 0);
		if (tb) {
			_phy.close(tb, false);
			tb = _phy.tcpListen(reinterpret_cast<const struct sockaddr*>(&in6), (void*)0);
			if (tb) {
				_phy.close(tb, false);
				return true;
			}
		}

		return false;
	}
};

static int SnodeVirtualNetworkConfigFunction(ZT_Node* node, void* uptr, void* tptr, uint64_t nwid, void** nuptr, enum ZT_VirtualNetworkConfigOperation op, const ZT_VirtualNetworkConfig* nwconf)
{
	return reinterpret_cast<OneServiceImpl*>(uptr)->nodeVirtualNetworkConfigFunction(nwid, nuptr, op, nwconf);
}
static void SnodeEventCallback(ZT_Node* node, void* uptr, void* tptr, enum ZT_Event event, const void* metaData)
{
	reinterpret_cast<OneServiceImpl*>(uptr)->nodeEventCallback(event, metaData);
}
static void SnodeStatePutFunction(ZT_Node* node, void* uptr, void* tptr, enum ZT_StateObjectType type, const uint64_t id[2], const void* data, int len)
{
	reinterpret_cast<OneServiceImpl*>(uptr)->nodeStatePutFunction(type, id, data, len);
}
static int SnodeStateGetFunction(ZT_Node* node, void* uptr, void* tptr, enum ZT_StateObjectType type, const uint64_t id[2], void* data, unsigned int maxlen)
{
	return reinterpret_cast<OneServiceImpl*>(uptr)->nodeStateGetFunction(type, id, data, maxlen);
}
static int SnodeWirePacketSendFunction(ZT_Node* node, void* uptr, void* tptr, int64_t localSocket, const struct sockaddr_storage* addr, const void* data, unsigned int len, unsigned int ttl)
{
	return reinterpret_cast<OneServiceImpl*>(uptr)->nodeWirePacketSendFunction(localSocket, addr, data, len, ttl);
}
static void SnodeVirtualNetworkFrameFunction(ZT_Node* node, void* uptr, void* tptr, uint64_t nwid, void** nuptr, uint64_t sourceMac, uint64_t destMac, unsigned int etherType, unsigned int vlanId, const void* data, unsigned int len)
{
	reinterpret_cast<OneServiceImpl*>(uptr)->nodeVirtualNetworkFrameFunction(nwid, nuptr, sourceMac, destMac, etherType, vlanId, data, len);
}
static int SnodePathCheckFunction(ZT_Node* node, void* uptr, void* tptr, uint64_t ztaddr, int64_t localSocket, const struct sockaddr_storage* remoteAddr)
{
	return reinterpret_cast<OneServiceImpl*>(uptr)->nodePathCheckFunction(ztaddr, localSocket, remoteAddr);
}
static int SnodePathLookupFunction(ZT_Node* node, void* uptr, void* tptr, uint64_t ztaddr, int family, struct sockaddr_storage* result)
{
	return reinterpret_cast<OneServiceImpl*>(uptr)->nodePathLookupFunction(ztaddr, family, result);
}
static void StapFrameHandler(void* uptr, void* tptr, uint64_t nwid, const MAC& from, const MAC& to, unsigned int etherType, unsigned int vlanId, const void* data, unsigned int len)
{
	reinterpret_cast<OneServiceImpl*>(uptr)->tapFrameHandler(nwid, from, to, etherType, vlanId, data, len);
}

static int ShttpOnMessageBegin(http_parser* parser)
{
	TcpConnection* tc = reinterpret_cast<TcpConnection*>(parser->data);
	tc->currentHeaderField = "";
	tc->currentHeaderValue = "";
	tc->messageSize = 0;
	tc->url.clear();
	tc->status.clear();
	tc->headers.clear();
	tc->readq.clear();
	return 0;
}
static int ShttpOnUrl(http_parser* parser, const char* ptr, size_t length)
{
	TcpConnection* tc = reinterpret_cast<TcpConnection*>(parser->data);
	tc->messageSize += (unsigned long)length;
	if (tc->messageSize > ZT_MAX_HTTP_MESSAGE_SIZE)
		return -1;
	tc->url.append(ptr, length);
	return 0;
}
#if (HTTP_PARSER_VERSION_MAJOR >= 2) && (HTTP_PARSER_VERSION_MINOR >= 2)
static int ShttpOnStatus(http_parser* parser, const char* ptr, size_t length)
#else
static int ShttpOnStatus(http_parser* parser)
#endif
{
	return 0;
}
static int ShttpOnHeaderField(http_parser* parser, const char* ptr, size_t length)
{
	TcpConnection* tc = reinterpret_cast<TcpConnection*>(parser->data);
	tc->messageSize += (unsigned long)length;
	if (tc->messageSize > ZT_MAX_HTTP_MESSAGE_SIZE)
		return -1;
	if ((tc->currentHeaderField.length()) && (tc->currentHeaderValue.length())) {
		tc->headers[tc->currentHeaderField] = tc->currentHeaderValue;
		tc->currentHeaderField = "";
		tc->currentHeaderValue = "";
	}
	for (size_t i = 0; i < length; ++i)
		tc->currentHeaderField.push_back(OSUtils::toLower(ptr[i]));
	return 0;
}
static int ShttpOnValue(http_parser* parser, const char* ptr, size_t length)
{
	TcpConnection* tc = reinterpret_cast<TcpConnection*>(parser->data);
	tc->messageSize += (unsigned long)length;
	if (tc->messageSize > ZT_MAX_HTTP_MESSAGE_SIZE)
		return -1;
	tc->currentHeaderValue.append(ptr, length);
	return 0;
}
static int ShttpOnHeadersComplete(http_parser* parser)
{
	TcpConnection* tc = reinterpret_cast<TcpConnection*>(parser->data);
	if ((tc->currentHeaderField.length()) && (tc->currentHeaderValue.length()))
		tc->headers[tc->currentHeaderField] = tc->currentHeaderValue;
	return 0;
}
static int ShttpOnBody(http_parser* parser, const char* ptr, size_t length)
{
	TcpConnection* tc = reinterpret_cast<TcpConnection*>(parser->data);
	tc->messageSize += (unsigned long)length;
	if (tc->messageSize > ZT_MAX_HTTP_MESSAGE_SIZE)
		return -1;
	tc->readq.append(ptr, length);
	return 0;
}
static int ShttpOnMessageComplete(http_parser* parser)
{
	TcpConnection* tc = reinterpret_cast<TcpConnection*>(parser->data);
	if (tc->type == TcpConnection::TCP_HTTP_INCOMING) {}
	else {
		tc->parent->onHttpResponseFromClient(tc);
	}
	return 0;
}

}	// anonymous namespace

std::string OneService::platformDefaultHomePath()
{
	return OSUtils::platformDefaultHomePath();
}

OneService* OneService::newInstance(const char* hp, unsigned int port)
{
	return new OneServiceImpl(hp, port);
}
OneService::~OneService()
{
}

}	// namespace ZeroTier