ZeroTierOne/node/Multicaster.cpp

/*
 * Copyright (c)2019 ZeroTier, Inc.
 *
 * Use of this software is governed by the Business Source License included
 * in the LICENSE.TXT file in the project's root directory.
 *
 * Change Date: 2026-01-01
 *
 * On the date above, in accordance with the Business Source License, use
 * of this software will be governed by version 2.0 of the Apache License.
 */
/****/

#include "Multicaster.hpp"

#include "C25519.hpp"
#include "CertificateOfMembership.hpp"
#include "Constants.hpp"
#include "Network.hpp"
#include "Node.hpp"
#include "Packet.hpp"
#include "Peer.hpp"
#include "RuntimeEnvironment.hpp"
#include "Switch.hpp"
#include "Topology.hpp"

#include <algorithm>

namespace ZeroTier {

Multicaster::Multicaster(const RuntimeEnvironment* renv) : RR(renv), _groups(32)
{
}

Multicaster::~Multicaster()
{
}

void Multicaster::addMultiple(void* tPtr, int64_t now, uint64_t nwid, const MulticastGroup& mg, const void* addresses, unsigned int count, unsigned int totalKnown)
{
	const unsigned char* p = (const unsigned char*)addresses;
	const unsigned char* e = p + (5 * count);
	Mutex::Lock _l(_groups_m);
	MulticastGroupStatus& gs = _groups[Multicaster::Key(nwid, mg)];
	while (p != e) {
		_add(tPtr, now, nwid, mg, gs, Address(p, 5));
		p += 5;
	}
}

void Multicaster::remove(uint64_t nwid, const MulticastGroup& mg, const Address& member)
{
	Mutex::Lock _l(_groups_m);
	MulticastGroupStatus* s = _groups.get(Multicaster::Key(nwid, mg));
	if (s) {
		for (std::vector<MulticastGroupMember>::iterator m(s->members.begin()); m != s->members.end(); ++m) {
			if (m->address == member) {
				s->members.erase(m);
				break;
			}
		}
	}
}

unsigned int Multicaster::gather(const Address& queryingPeer, uint64_t nwid, const MulticastGroup& mg, Buffer<ZT_PROTO_MAX_PACKET_LENGTH>& appendTo, unsigned int limit) const
{
	unsigned char* p;
	unsigned int added = 0, i, k, rptr, totalKnown = 0;
	uint64_t a, picked[(ZT_PROTO_MAX_PACKET_LENGTH / 5) + 2];

	if (! limit) {
		return 0;
	}
	else if (limit > 0xffff) {
		limit = 0xffff;
	}

	const unsigned int totalAt = appendTo.size();
	appendTo.addSize(4);   // sizeof(uint32_t)
	const unsigned int addedAt = appendTo.size();
	appendTo.addSize(2);   // sizeof(uint16_t)

	{	// Return myself if I am a member of this group
		SharedPtr<Network> network(RR->node->network(nwid));
		if ((network) && (network->subscribedToMulticastGroup(mg, true))) {
			RR->identity.address().appendTo(appendTo);
			++totalKnown;
			++added;
		}
	}

	Mutex::Lock _l(_groups_m);

	const MulticastGroupStatus* s = _groups.get(Multicaster::Key(nwid, mg));
	if ((s) && (! s->members.empty())) {
		totalKnown += (unsigned int)s->members.size();

		// Members are returned in random order so that repeated gather queries
		// will return different subsets of a large multicast group.
		k = 0;
		while ((added < limit) && (k < s->members.size()) && ((appendTo.size() + ZT_ADDRESS_LENGTH) <= ZT_PROTO_MAX_PACKET_LENGTH)) {
			rptr = (unsigned int)RR->node->prng();

		restart_member_scan:
			a = s->members[rptr % (unsigned int)s->members.size()].address.toInt();
			for (i = 0; i < k; ++i) {
				if (picked[i] == a) {
					++rptr;
					goto restart_member_scan;
				}
			}
			picked[k++] = a;

			if (queryingPeer.toInt() != a) {   // do not return the peer that is making the request as a result
				p = (unsigned char*)appendTo.appendField(ZT_ADDRESS_LENGTH);
				*(p++) = (unsigned char)((a >> 32) & 0xff);
				*(p++) = (unsigned char)((a >> 24) & 0xff);
				*(p++) = (unsigned char)((a >> 16) & 0xff);
				*(p++) = (unsigned char)((a >> 8) & 0xff);
				*p = (unsigned char)(a & 0xff);
				++added;
			}
		}
	}

	appendTo.setAt(totalAt, (uint32_t)totalKnown);
	appendTo.setAt(addedAt, (uint16_t)added);

	return added;
}

std::vector<Address> Multicaster::getMembers(uint64_t nwid, const MulticastGroup& mg, unsigned int limit) const
{
	std::vector<Address> ls;
	Mutex::Lock _l(_groups_m);
	const MulticastGroupStatus* s = _groups.get(Multicaster::Key(nwid, mg));
	if (! s) {
		return ls;
	}
	for (std::vector<MulticastGroupMember>::const_reverse_iterator m(s->members.rbegin()); m != s->members.rend(); ++m) {
		ls.push_back(m->address);
		if (ls.size() >= limit) {
			break;
		}
	}
	return ls;
}

void Multicaster::send(void* tPtr, int64_t now, const SharedPtr<Network>& network, const Address& origin, const MulticastGroup& mg, const MAC& src, unsigned int etherType, const void* data, unsigned int len)
{
	unsigned long idxbuf[4096];
	unsigned long* indexes = idxbuf;

	// If we're in hub-and-spoke designated multicast replication mode, see if we
	// have a multicast replicator active. If so, pick the best and send it
	// there. If we are a multicast replicator or if none are alive, fall back
	// to sender replication. Note that bridges do not do this since this would
	// break bridge route learning. This is sort of an edge case limitation of
	// the current protocol and could be fixed, but fixing it would add more
	// complexity than the fix is probably worth. Bridges are generally high
	// bandwidth nodes.
	if (! network->config().isActiveBridge(RR->identity.address())) {
		Address multicastReplicators[ZT_MAX_NETWORK_SPECIALISTS];
		const unsigned int multicastReplicatorCount = network->config().multicastReplicators(multicastReplicators);
		if (multicastReplicatorCount) {
			if (std::find(multicastReplicators, multicastReplicators + multicastReplicatorCount, RR->identity.address()) == (multicastReplicators + multicastReplicatorCount)) {
				SharedPtr<Peer> bestMulticastReplicator;
				SharedPtr<Path> bestMulticastReplicatorPath;
				unsigned int bestMulticastReplicatorLatency = 0xffff;
				for (unsigned int i = 0; i < multicastReplicatorCount; ++i) {
					const SharedPtr<Peer> p(RR->topology->getPeerNoCache(multicastReplicators[i]));
					if ((p) && (p->isAlive(now))) {
						const SharedPtr<Path> pp(p->getAppropriatePath(now, false));
						if ((pp) && (pp->latency() < bestMulticastReplicatorLatency)) {
							bestMulticastReplicatorLatency = pp->latency();
							bestMulticastReplicatorPath = pp;
							bestMulticastReplicator = p;
						}
					}
				}
				if (bestMulticastReplicator) {
					Packet outp(bestMulticastReplicator->address(), RR->identity.address(), Packet::VERB_MULTICAST_FRAME);
					outp.append((uint64_t)network->id());
					outp.append((uint8_t)0x0c);	  // includes source MAC | please replicate
					((src) ? src : MAC(RR->identity.address(), network->id())).appendTo(outp);
					mg.mac().appendTo(outp);
					outp.append((uint32_t)mg.adi());
					outp.append((uint16_t)etherType);
					outp.append(data, len);
					if (! network->config().disableCompression()) {
						outp.compress();
					}
					outp.armor(bestMulticastReplicator->key(), true, bestMulticastReplicator->aesKeysIfSupported());
					Metrics::pkt_multicast_frame_out++;
					bestMulticastReplicatorPath->send(RR, tPtr, outp.data(), outp.size(), now);
					return;
				}
			}
		}
	}

	try {
		Mutex::Lock _l(_groups_m);
		MulticastGroupStatus& gs = _groups[Multicaster::Key(network->id(), mg)];

		if (! gs.members.empty()) {
			// Allocate a memory buffer if group is monstrous
			if (gs.members.size() > (sizeof(idxbuf) / sizeof(unsigned long))) {
				indexes = new unsigned long[gs.members.size()];
			}

			// Generate a random permutation of member indexes
			for (unsigned long i = 0; i < gs.members.size(); ++i) {
				indexes[i] = i;
			}
			for (unsigned long i = (unsigned long)gs.members.size() - 1; i > 0; --i) {
				unsigned long j = (unsigned long)RR->node->prng() % (i + 1);
				unsigned long tmp = indexes[j];
				indexes[j] = indexes[i];
				indexes[i] = tmp;
			}
		}

		Address activeBridges[ZT_MAX_NETWORK_SPECIALISTS];
		const unsigned int activeBridgeCount = network->config().activeBridges(activeBridges);
		const unsigned int limit = network->config().multicastLimit;

		if (gs.members.size() >= limit) {
			// Skip queue if we already have enough members to complete the send operation
			OutboundMulticast out;

			out.init(
				RR,
				now,
				network->id(),
				network->config().disableCompression(),
				limit,
				1,	 // we'll still gather a little from peers to keep multicast list fresh
				src,
				mg,
				etherType,
				data,
				len);

			unsigned int count = 0;

			for (unsigned int i = 0; i < activeBridgeCount; ++i) {
				if ((activeBridges[i] != RR->identity.address()) && (activeBridges[i] != origin)) {
					out.sendOnly(RR, tPtr, activeBridges[i]);	// optimization: don't use dedup log if it's a one-pass send
					if (++count >= limit) {
						break;
					}
				}
			}

			unsigned long idx = 0;
			while ((count < limit) && (idx < gs.members.size())) {
				const Address ma(gs.members[indexes[idx++]].address);
				if ((std::find(activeBridges, activeBridges + activeBridgeCount, ma) == (activeBridges + activeBridgeCount)) && (ma != origin)) {
					out.sendOnly(RR, tPtr, ma);	  // optimization: don't use dedup log if it's a one-pass send
					++count;
				}
			}
		}
		else {
			while (gs.txQueue.size() >= ZT_TX_QUEUE_SIZE) {
				gs.txQueue.pop_front();
			}

			const unsigned int gatherLimit = (limit - (unsigned int)gs.members.size()) + 1;

			int timerScale = RR->node->lowBandwidthModeEnabled() ? 3 : 1;
			if ((gs.members.empty()) || ((now - gs.lastExplicitGather) >= (ZT_MULTICAST_EXPLICIT_GATHER_DELAY * timerScale))) {
				gs.lastExplicitGather = now;

				Address explicitGatherPeers[16];
				unsigned int numExplicitGatherPeers = 0;

				SharedPtr<Peer> bestRoot(RR->topology->getUpstreamPeer());
				if (bestRoot) {
					explicitGatherPeers[numExplicitGatherPeers++] = bestRoot->address();
				}

				explicitGatherPeers[numExplicitGatherPeers++] = network->controller();

				Address ac[ZT_MAX_NETWORK_SPECIALISTS];
				const unsigned int accnt = network->config().alwaysContactAddresses(ac);
				unsigned int shuffled[ZT_MAX_NETWORK_SPECIALISTS];
				for (unsigned int i = 0; i < accnt; ++i) {
					shuffled[i] = i;
				}
				for (unsigned int i = 0, k = accnt >> 1; i < k; ++i) {
					const uint64_t x = RR->node->prng();
					const unsigned int x1 = shuffled[(unsigned int)x % accnt];
					const unsigned int x2 = shuffled[(unsigned int)(x >> 32) % accnt];
					const unsigned int tmp = shuffled[x1];
					shuffled[x1] = shuffled[x2];
					shuffled[x2] = tmp;
				}
				for (unsigned int i = 0; i < accnt; ++i) {
					explicitGatherPeers[numExplicitGatherPeers++] = ac[shuffled[i]];
					if (numExplicitGatherPeers == 16) {
						break;
					}
				}

				std::vector<Address> anchors(network->config().anchors());
				for (std::vector<Address>::const_iterator a(anchors.begin()); a != anchors.end(); ++a) {
					if (*a != RR->identity.address()) {
						explicitGatherPeers[numExplicitGatherPeers++] = *a;
						if (numExplicitGatherPeers == 16) {
							break;
						}
					}
				}

				for (unsigned int k = 0; k < numExplicitGatherPeers; ++k) {
					const CertificateOfMembership* com = (network) ? ((network->config().com) ? &(network->config().com) : (const CertificateOfMembership*)0) : (const CertificateOfMembership*)0;
					Packet outp(explicitGatherPeers[k], RR->identity.address(), Packet::VERB_MULTICAST_GATHER);
					outp.append(network->id());
					outp.append((uint8_t)((com) ? 0x01 : 0x00));
					mg.mac().appendTo(outp);
					outp.append((uint32_t)mg.adi());
					outp.append((uint32_t)gatherLimit);
					if (com) {
						com->serialize(outp);
					}
					RR->node->expectReplyTo(outp.packetId());
					RR->sw->send(tPtr, outp, true);
					Metrics::pkt_multicast_gather_out++;
				}
			}

			gs.txQueue.push_back(OutboundMulticast());
			OutboundMulticast& out = gs.txQueue.back();

			out.init(RR, now, network->id(), network->config().disableCompression(), limit, gatherLimit, src, mg, etherType, data, len);

			if (origin) {
				out.logAsSent(origin);
			}

			unsigned int count = 0;

			for (unsigned int i = 0; i < activeBridgeCount; ++i) {
				if (activeBridges[i] != RR->identity.address()) {
					out.sendAndLog(RR, tPtr, activeBridges[i]);
					if (++count >= limit) {
						break;
					}
				}
			}

			unsigned long idx = 0;
			while ((count < limit) && (idx < gs.members.size())) {
				Address ma(gs.members[indexes[idx++]].address);
				if (std::find(activeBridges, activeBridges + activeBridgeCount, ma) == (activeBridges + activeBridgeCount)) {
					out.sendAndLog(RR, tPtr, ma);
					++count;
				}
			}
		}
	}
	catch (...) {
	}	// this is a sanity check to catch any failures and make sure indexes[] still gets deleted

	// Free allocated memory buffer if any
	if (indexes != idxbuf) {
		delete[] indexes;
	}
}

void Multicaster::clean(int64_t now)
{
	Mutex::Lock _l(_groups_m);
	Multicaster::Key* k = (Multicaster::Key*)0;
	MulticastGroupStatus* s = (MulticastGroupStatus*)0;
	Hashtable<Multicaster::Key, MulticastGroupStatus>::Iterator mm(_groups);
	while (mm.next(k, s)) {
		for (std::list<OutboundMulticast>::iterator tx(s->txQueue.begin()); tx != s->txQueue.end();) {
			if ((tx->expired(now)) || (tx->atLimit())) {
				s->txQueue.erase(tx++);
			}
			else {
				++tx;
			}
		}

		unsigned long count = 0;
		{
			std::vector<MulticastGroupMember>::iterator reader(s->members.begin());
			std::vector<MulticastGroupMember>::iterator writer(reader);
			while (reader != s->members.end()) {
				if ((now - reader->timestamp) < ZT_MULTICAST_LIKE_EXPIRE) {
					*writer = *reader;
					++writer;
					++count;
				}
				++reader;
			}
		}

		if (count) {
			s->members.resize(count);
		}
		else if (s->txQueue.empty()) {
			_groups.erase(*k);
		}
		else {
			s->members.clear();
		}
	}
}

void Multicaster::_add(void* tPtr, int64_t now, uint64_t nwid, const MulticastGroup& mg, MulticastGroupStatus& gs, const Address& member)
{
	// assumes _groups_m is locked

	// Do not add self -- even if someone else returns it
	if (member == RR->identity.address()) {
		return;
	}

	std::vector<MulticastGroupMember>::iterator m(std::lower_bound(gs.members.begin(), gs.members.end(), member));
	if (m != gs.members.end()) {
		if (m->address == member) {
			m->timestamp = now;
			return;
		}
		gs.members.insert(m, MulticastGroupMember(member, now));
	}
	else {
		gs.members.push_back(MulticastGroupMember(member, now));
	}

	for (std::list<OutboundMulticast>::iterator tx(gs.txQueue.begin()); tx != gs.txQueue.end();) {
		if (tx->atLimit()) {
			gs.txQueue.erase(tx++);
		}
		else {
			tx->sendIfNew(RR, tPtr, member);
			if (tx->atLimit()) {
				gs.txQueue.erase(tx++);
			}
			else {
				++tx;
			}
		}
	}
}

}	// namespace ZeroTier