panda3d/direct/src/showbase/ShowBase.py

"""Undocumented Module"""

__all__ = ['ShowBase', 'WindowControls']

# This module redefines the builtin import function with one
# that prints out every import it does in a hierarchical form
# Annoying and very noisy, but sometimes useful
#import VerboseImport

from pandac.PandaModules import *

# This needs to be available early for DirectGUI imports
import __builtin__
__builtin__.config = ConfigConfigureGetConfigConfigShowbase

from direct.directnotify.DirectNotifyGlobal import *
from MessengerGlobal import *
from BulletinBoardGlobal import *
from direct.task.TaskManagerGlobal import *
from JobManagerGlobal import *
from EventManagerGlobal import *
from PythonUtil import *
from direct.showbase import PythonUtil
from direct.particles.ParticleManagerGlobal import *
from PhysicsManagerGlobal import *
#from direct.interval.IntervalManager import ivalMgr
from direct.interval import IntervalManager
from InputStateGlobal import inputState
from direct.showbase.BufferViewer import BufferViewer
from direct.task import Task
from direct.directutil import Verify
from direct.showbase import GarbageReport
import EventManager
import math,sys,os
import Loader
import time
import gc
from direct.fsm import ClassicFSM
from direct.fsm import State
from direct.showbase import ExceptionVarDump
import DirectObject
import SfxPlayer
if __debug__:
    from direct.directutil import DeltaProfiler
import OnScreenDebug

__builtin__.FADE_SORT_INDEX = 1000
__builtin__.NO_FADE_SORT_INDEX = 2000
    

# Now ShowBase is a DirectObject.  We need this so ShowBase can hang
# hooks on messages, particularly on window-event.  This doesn't
# *seem* to cause anyone any problems.
class ShowBase(DirectObject.DirectObject):

    notify = directNotify.newCategory("ShowBase")

    def __init__(self):
        __builtin__.__dev__ = config.GetBool('want-dev', 0)
        if config.GetBool('want-variable-dump', 0):
            ExceptionVarDump.install()

        # Locate the directory containing the main program
        maindir=os.path.abspath(sys.path[0])
        self.mainDir = Filename.fromOsSpecific(maindir).getFullpath()
        ExecutionEnvironment.setEnvironmentVariable("MAIN_DIR", self.mainDir)


        #debug running multiplier
        self.debugRunningMultiplier = 4
        
        # Get the dconfig object
        #self.config = ConfigConfigureGetConfigConfigShowbase
        self.config = config
        # Setup wantVerifyPdb as soon as reasonable:
        Verify.wantVerifyPdb = self.config.GetBool('want-verify-pdb', 0)

        self.printEnvDebugInfo()
        vfs = VirtualFileSystem.getGlobalPtr()

        self.nextWindowIndex = 1
        self.__directStarted = False
        self.__deadInputs = 0
        
        # Store dconfig variables
        self.sfxActive = self.config.GetBool('audio-sfx-active', 1)
        self.musicActive = self.config.GetBool('audio-music-active', 1)
        self.wantFog = self.config.GetBool('want-fog', 1)
        self.wantRender2dp = self.config.GetBool('want-render2dp', 1)

        self.screenshotExtension = self.config.GetString('screenshot-extension', 'jpg')
        self.musicManager = None
        self.musicManagerIsValid = None
        self.sfxManagerList = []
        self.sfxManagerIsValidList = []

        self.wantStats = self.config.GetBool('want-pstats', 0)

        # Fill this in with a function to invoke when the user "exits"
        # the program by closing the main window.
        self.exitFunc = None

        Task.TaskManager.taskTimerVerbose = self.config.GetBool('task-timer-verbose', 0)
        Task.TaskManager.extendedExceptions = self.config.GetBool('extended-exceptions', 0)
        Task.TaskManager.pStatsTasks = self.config.GetBool('pstats-tasks', 0)

        # Set up the TaskManager to reset the PStats clock back
        # whenever we resume from a pause.  This callback function is
        # a little hacky, but we can't call it directly from within
        # the TaskManager because he doesn't know about PStats (and
        # has to run before libpanda is even loaded).
        taskMgr.resumeFunc = PStatClient.resumeAfterPause

        if(self.config.GetBool("want-dev",0)):
            import profile, pstats        
            profile.Profile.bias = float(self.config.GetString("profile-bias","0"))
            
               
            def f8(x):
                return ("%"+"8.%df"%base.config.GetInt("profile-decimals",3)) % x
            pstats.f8=f8

        # If the aspect ratio is 0 or None, it means to infer the
        # aspect ratio from the window size.
        # If you need to know the actual aspect ratio call base.getAspectRatio()
        self.__configAspectRatio = ConfigVariableDouble('aspect-ratio', 0).getValue()
        # This variable is used to see if the aspect ratio has changed when
        # we get a window-event.
        self.__oldAspectRatio = None

        self.windowType = self.config.GetString('window-type', 'onscreen')
        self.requireWindow = self.config.GetBool('require-window', 1)

        # base.win is the main, or only window; base.winList is a list of
        # *all* windows.  Similarly with base.camList.
        self.win = None
        self.frameRateMeter = None
        self.winList = []
        self.winControls = []
        self.mainWinMinimized = 0
        self.mainWinForeground = 0
        self.pipe = None
        self.pipeList = []
        self.mouse2cam = None
        self.buttonThrowers = None
        self.mouseWatcher = None
        self.mouseWatcherNode = None
        self.pointerWatcherNodes = None
        self.mouseInterface = None
        self.drive = None
        self.trackball = None
        self.texmem = None
        self.showVertices = None
        self.cam = None
        self.cam2d = None
        self.cam2dp = None
        self.camera = None
        self.camera2d = None
        self.camera2dp = None
        self.camList = []
        self.camNode = None
        self.camLens = None
        self.camFrustumVis = None

        # This is used for syncing multiple PCs in a distributed cluster
        try:
            # Has the cluster sync variable been set externally?
            self.clusterSyncFlag = clusterSyncFlag
        except NameError:
            # Has the clusterSyncFlag been set via a config variable
            self.clusterSyncFlag = self.config.GetBool('cluster-sync', 0)

        self.hidden = NodePath('hidden')

        self.graphicsEngine = GraphicsEngine.getGlobalPtr()
        self.setupRender()
        self.setupRender2d()
        self.setupDataGraph()

        if self.wantRender2dp:
            self.setupRender2dp()


        # This is a placeholder for a CollisionTraverser.  If someone
        # stores a CollisionTraverser pointer here, we'll traverse it
        # in the collisionLoop task.
        self.shadowTrav = 0
        # in the collisionLoop task.
        self.cTrav = 0
        self.cTravStack = Stack()
        # Ditto for an AppTraverser.
        self.appTrav = 0

        # This is the DataGraph traverser, which we might as well
        # create now.
        self.dgTrav = DataGraphTraverser()

        # Maybe create a RecorderController to record and/or play back
        # the user session.
        self.recorder = None
        playbackSession = self.config.GetString('playback-session', '')
        recordSession = self.config.GetString('record-session', '')
        if playbackSession:
            self.recorder = RecorderController()
            self.recorder.beginPlayback(Filename.fromOsSpecific(playbackSession))
        elif recordSession:
            self.recorder = RecorderController()
            self.recorder.beginRecord(Filename.fromOsSpecific(recordSession))

        if self.recorder:
            # If we're either playing back or recording, pass the
            # random seed into the system so each session will have
            # the same random seed.
            import random #, whrandom

            seed = self.recorder.getRandomSeed()
            random.seed(seed)
            #whrandom.seed(seed & 0xff, (seed >> 8) & 0xff, (seed >> 16) & 0xff)

        # Now that we've set up the window structures, assign an exitfunc.
        self.oldexitfunc = getattr(sys, 'exitfunc', None)
        sys.exitfunc = self.exitfunc

        # Open the default rendering window.
        if self.windowType != 'none':
            props = WindowProperties.getDefault()
            if (self.config.GetBool('read-raw-mice', 0)):
                props.setRawMice(1)
            self.openDefaultWindow(startDirect = False, props=props)

        self.loader = Loader.Loader(self)
        self.graphicsEngine.setDefaultLoader(self.loader.loader)
            
        self.eventMgr = eventMgr
        self.messenger = messenger
        self.bboard = bulletinBoard
        self.taskMgr = taskMgr
        self.jobMgr = jobMgr

        # Particle manager
        self.particleMgr = particleMgr
        self.particleMgr.setFrameStepping(1)
        self.particleMgrEnabled = 0

        # Physics manager
        self.physicsMgr = physicsMgr
        integrator = LinearEulerIntegrator()
        self.physicsMgr.attachLinearIntegrator(integrator)
        self.physicsMgrEnabled = 0
        self.physicsMgrAngular = 0

        self.createBaseAudioManagers()
        self.createStats()

        self.AppHasAudioFocus = 1

        # Get a pointer to Panda's global ClockObject, used for
        # synchronizing events between Python and C.
        globalClock = ClockObject.getGlobalClock()

        # Since we have already started up a TaskManager, and probably
        # a number of tasks; and since the TaskManager had to use the
        # TrueClock to tell time until this moment, make sure the
        # globalClock object is exactly in sync with the TrueClock.
        trueClock = TrueClock.getGlobalPtr()
        globalClock.setRealTime(trueClock.getShortTime())
        globalClock.tick()

        # Now we can make the TaskManager start using the new globalClock.
        taskMgr.globalClock = globalClock

        # client CPU affinity is determined by, in order:
        # - client-cpu-affinity-mask config
        # - pcalt-# (# is CPU number, 0-based)
        # - client-cpu-affinity config
        # - auto-single-cpu-affinity config
        affinityMask = self.config.GetInt('client-cpu-affinity-mask', -1)
        if affinityMask != -1:
            TrueClock.getGlobalPtr().setCpuAffinity(affinityMask)
        else:
            # this is useful on machines that perform better with each process
            # assigned to a single CPU
            autoAffinity = self.config.GetBool('auto-single-cpu-affinity', 0)
            affinity = None
            if autoAffinity and ('clientIndex' in __builtin__.__dict__):
                affinity = abs(int(__builtin__.clientIndex))
            else:
                affinity = self.config.GetInt('client-cpu-affinity', -1)
            if (affinity in (None, -1)) and autoAffinity:
                affinity = 0
            if affinity not in (None, -1):
                # Windows XP supports a 32-bit affinity mask
                TrueClock.getGlobalPtr().setCpuAffinity(1 << (affinity % 32))

        __builtin__.base = self
        __builtin__.render2d = self.render2d
        __builtin__.aspect2d = self.aspect2d
        __builtin__.render = self.render
        __builtin__.hidden = self.hidden
        __builtin__.camera = self.camera
        __builtin__.loader = self.loader
        __builtin__.taskMgr = self.taskMgr
        __builtin__.jobMgr = self.jobMgr
        __builtin__.eventMgr = self.eventMgr
        __builtin__.messenger = self.messenger
        __builtin__.bboard = self.bboard
        # Config needs to be defined before ShowBase is constructed
        #__builtin__.config = self.config
        __builtin__.run = self.run
        __builtin__.ostream = Notify.out()
        __builtin__.directNotify = directNotify
        __builtin__.giveNotify = giveNotify
        __builtin__.globalClock = globalClock
        __builtin__.vfs = vfs
        __builtin__.cpMgr = ConfigPageManager.getGlobalPtr()
        __builtin__.cvMgr = ConfigVariableManager.getGlobalPtr()
        __builtin__.pandaSystem = PandaSystem.getGlobalPtr()
        __builtin__.wantUberdog = base.config.GetBool('want-uberdog', 1)
        if __debug__:
            __builtin__.deltaProfiler = DeltaProfiler.DeltaProfiler("ShowBase")
        __builtin__.onScreenDebug = OnScreenDebug.OnScreenDebug()

        if self.wantRender2dp:
            __builtin__.render2dp = self.render2dp
            __builtin__.aspect2dp = self.aspect2dp

        ShowBase.notify.info('__dev__ == %s' % __dev__)

        # set up recording of Functor creation stacks in __dev__
        PythonUtil.recordFunctorCreationStacks()
        
        if __dev__ or self.config.GetBool('want-e3-hacks', False):
            if self.config.GetBool('track-gui-items', True):
                # dict of guiId to gui item, for tracking down leaks
                self.guiItems = {}

        # Now hang a hook on the window-event from Panda.  This allows
        # us to detect when the user resizes, minimizes, or closes the
        # main window.
        self.accept('window-event', self.__windowEvent)

        # Transition effects (fade, iris, etc)
        import Transitions
        self.transitions = Transitions.Transitions(self.loader)

        # Setup the window controls - handy for multiwindow applications
        self.setupWindowControls()

        # Client sleep
        sleepTime = self.config.GetFloat('client-sleep', 0.0)
        self.clientSleep = 0.0
        self.setSleep(sleepTime)
        
        # Extra sleep for running 4+ clients on a single machine
        # adds a sleep right after the main render in igloop
        # tends to even out the frame rate and keeps it from going
        # to zero in the out of focus windows
        if base.config.GetBool('multi-sleep', 1):
            self.multiClientSleep = 1
        else:
            self.multiClientSleep = 0

        # Offscreen buffer viewing utility.
        # This needs to be allocated even if the viewer is off.
        self.bufferViewer = BufferViewer()
        if self.wantRender2dp:
            self.bufferViewer.setRenderParent(self.render2dp)

        if self.windowType != 'none':
            self.__doStartDirect()

            if self.config.GetBool('show-tex-mem', False):
                if not self.texmem or self.texmem.cleanedUp:
                    self.toggleTexMem()

        taskMgr.finalInit()

        # Start IGLOOP
        self.restart()
        
    # add a collision traverser via pushCTrav and remove it via popCTrav
    # that way the owner of the new cTrav doesn't need to hold onto the
    # previous one in order to put it back
    def pushCTrav(self, cTrav):
        self.cTravStack.push(self.cTrav)
        self.cTrav = cTrav
    def popCTrav(self):
        self.cTrav = self.cTravStack.pop()

    # temp; see ToonBase.py
    def getExitErrorCode(self):
        return 0

    def printEnvDebugInfo(self):
        """
        Print some information about the environment that we are running
        in.  Stuff like the model paths and other paths.  Feel free to
        add stuff to this.
        """
        if self.config.GetBool('want-env-debug-info', 0):
           print "\n\nEnvironment Debug Info {"
           print "* model path:"
           print getModelPath()
           #print "* dna path:"
           #print getDnaPath()
           print "* texture path:"
           print getTexturePath()
           print "* sound path:"
           print getSoundPath()
           print "}"

    def destroy(self):
        """ Call this function to destroy the ShowBase and stop all
        its tasks, freeing all of the Panda resources.  Normally, you
        should not need to call it explicitly, as it is bound to the
        exitfunc and will be called at application exit time
        automatically.

        This function is designed to be safe to call multiple times."""

        taskMgr.destroy()

        if getattr(self, 'musicManager', None):
            self.musicManager.shutdown()
            self.musicManager = None
            self.sfxManagerList = []
        if getattr(self, 'loader', None):
            self.loader.destroy()
            self.loader = None
        if getattr(self, 'graphicsEngine', None):
            self.graphicsEngine.removeAllWindows()

        try:
            self.direct.panel.destroy()
        except:
            pass

        if hasattr(self, 'win'):
            del self.win
            del self.winList
            del self.pipe

    def exitfunc(self):
        """
        This should be assigned to sys.exitfunc to be called just
        before Python shutdown.  It guarantees that the Panda window
        is closed cleanly, so that we free system resources, restore
        the desktop and keyboard functionality, etc.
        """
        self.destroy()

        if self.oldexitfunc:
            self.oldexitfunc()

    def makeDefaultPipe(self, printPipeTypes = True):
        """
        Creates the default GraphicsPipe, which will be used to make
        windows unless otherwise specified.
        """
        assert self.pipe == None
        selection = GraphicsPipeSelection.getGlobalPtr()
        if printPipeTypes:
            selection.printPipeTypes()
        self.pipe = selection.makeDefaultPipe()
        if not self.pipe:
            self.notify.error(
                "No graphics pipe is available!\n"
                "Your Config.prc file must name at least one valid panda display\n"
                "library via load-display or aux-display.")

        self.notify.info("Default graphics pipe is %s (%s)." % (
            self.pipe.getType().getName(), self.pipe.getInterfaceName()))
        self.pipeList.append(self.pipe)

    def makeModulePipe(self, moduleName):
        """
        Returns a GraphicsPipe from the indicated module,
        e.g. 'pandagl' or 'pandadx9'.  Does not affect base.pipe or
        base.pipeList.
        """

        selection = GraphicsPipeSelection.getGlobalPtr()
        return selection.makeModulePipe(moduleName)

    def makeAllPipes(self):
        """
        Creates all GraphicsPipes that the system knows about and fill up
        self.pipeList with them.
        """
        shouldPrintPipes = 0
        selection = GraphicsPipeSelection.getGlobalPtr()
        selection.loadAuxModules()

        # First, we should make sure the default pipe exists.
        if self.pipe == None:
            self.makeDefaultPipe()

        # Now go through the list of known pipes, and make each one if
        # we don't have one already.
        numPipeTypes = selection.getNumPipeTypes()
        for i in range(numPipeTypes):
            pipeType = selection.getPipeType(i)

            # Do we already have a pipe of this type on the list?
            # This operation is n-squared, but presumably there won't
            # be more than a handful of pipe types, so who cares.
            already = 0
            for pipe in self.pipeList:
                if pipe.getType() == pipeType:
                    already = 1

            if not already:
                pipe = selection.makePipe(pipeType)
                if pipe:
                    self.notify.info("Got aux graphics pipe %s (%s)." % (
                        pipe.getType().getName(), pipe.getInterfaceName()))
                    self.pipeList.append(pipe)
                else:
                    self.notify.info("Could not make graphics pipe %s." % (
                        pipeType.getName()))

    def openWindow(self, props = None, pipe = None, gsg = None,
                   type = None, name = None, size = None, aspectRatio = None,
                   makeCamera = 1, keepCamera = 0,
                   scene = None, stereo = None, rawmice = 0):
        """
        Creates a window and adds it to the list of windows that are
        to be updated every frame.
        """
        if pipe == None:
            pipe = self.pipe

            if pipe == None:
                self.makeDefaultPipe()
                pipe = self.pipe

            if pipe == None:
                # We couldn't get a pipe.
                return None

        if isinstance(gsg, GraphicsOutput):
            # If the gsg is a window or buffer, it means to use the
            # GSG from that buffer.
            gsg = gsg.getGsg()
            
        # If we are using DirectX, force a new GSG to be created,
        # since at the moment DirectX seems to misbehave if we do
        # not do this.  This will cause a delay while all textures
        # etc. are reloaded, so we should revisit this later if we
        # can fix the underlying bug in our DirectX support.
        if pipe.getType().getName().startswith('wdx'):
            gsg = None

        if type == None:
            type = self.windowType

        if props == None:
            props = WindowProperties.getDefault()

        if size != None:
            # If we were given an explicit size, use it; otherwise,
            # the size from the properties is used.
            props = WindowProperties(props)
            props.setSize(size[0], size[1])

        if name == None:
            name = 'window%s' % (self.nextWindowIndex)
            self.nextWindowIndex += 1

        win = None

        fbprops = FrameBufferProperties.getDefault()

        flags = GraphicsPipe.BFFbPropsOptional
        if type == 'onscreen':
            flags = flags | GraphicsPipe.BFRequireWindow
        elif type == 'offscreen':
            flags = flags | GraphicsPipe.BFRefuseWindow

        if gsg:
            win = self.graphicsEngine.makeOutput(pipe, name, 0, fbprops,
                                                 props, flags, gsg)
        else:
            win = self.graphicsEngine.makeOutput(pipe, name, 0, fbprops,
                                                 props, flags)

        if win == None:
            # Couldn't create a window!
            return None

        if hasattr(win, "requestProperties"):
            win.requestProperties(props)

        mainWindow = False
        if self.win == None:
            mainWindow = True
            self.win = win

        self.winList.append(win)

        # Set up a 3-d camera for the window by default.
        if keepCamera:
            self.makeCamera(win, scene = scene, aspectRatio = aspectRatio,
                            stereo = stereo, useCamera = base.cam)
        elif makeCamera:
            self.makeCamera(win, scene = scene, aspectRatio = aspectRatio,
                            stereo = stereo)

        messenger.send('open_window', [win, mainWindow])
        if mainWindow:
            messenger.send('open_main_window')

        return win

    def closeWindow(self, win, keepCamera = 0):
        """
        Closes the indicated window and removes it from the list of
        windows.  If it is the main window, clears the main window
        pointer to None.
        """
        # First, remove all of the cameras associated with display
        # regions on the window.
        numRegions = win.getNumDisplayRegions()        
        for i in range(numRegions):
            dr = win.getDisplayRegion(i)
            cam = NodePath(dr.getCamera())
            
            dr.setCamera(NodePath())

            if not cam.isEmpty() and \
               cam.node().getNumDisplayRegions() == 0 and \
               not keepCamera:
                # If the camera is used by no other DisplayRegions,
                # remove it.
                if self.camList.count(cam) != 0:
                    self.camList.remove(cam)

                # Don't throw away self.camera; we want to
                # preserve it for reopening the window.
                if cam == self.cam:
                    self.cam = None
                if cam == self.cam2d:
                    self.cam2d = None
                if cam == self.cam2dp:
                    self.cam2dp = None
                cam.removeNode()

        # Now we can actually close the window.
        self.graphicsEngine.removeWindow(win)
        self.winList.remove(win)

        mainWindow = False
        if win == self.win:
            mainWindow = True
            self.win = None
            if self.frameRateMeter:
                self.frameRateMeter.clearWindow()
                self.frameRateMeter = None

        messenger.send('close_window', [win, mainWindow])
        if mainWindow:
            messenger.send('close_main_window')

        if not self.winList:
            # Give the window(s) a chance to actually close before we
            # continue.
            base.graphicsEngine.renderFrame()

    def openDefaultWindow(self, *args, **kw):
        # Creates the main window for the first time, without being
        # too particular about the kind of graphics API that is
        # chosen.  The suggested window type from the load-display
        # config variable is tried first; if that fails, the first
        # window type that can be successfully opened at all is
        # accepted.  Returns true on success, false otherwise.
        #
        # This is intended to be called only once, at application
        # startup.  It is normally called automatically unless
        # window-type is configured to 'none'.

        startDirect = kw.get('startDirect', True)
        if 'startDirect' in kw:
            del kw['startDirect']

        if self.win:
            # If we've already opened a window before, this does
            # little more work than openMainWindow() alone.
            self.openMainWindow(*args, **kw)
            self.graphicsEngine.openWindows()
            return
            
        self.openMainWindow(*args, **kw)

        # Give the window a chance to truly open.
        self.graphicsEngine.openWindows()
        if self.win != None and not self.isMainWindowOpen():
            self.notify.info("Window did not open, removing.")
            self.closeWindow(self.win)

        if self.win == None:
            # Try a little harder if the window wouldn't open.
            self.makeAllPipes()
            try:
                self.pipeList.remove(self.pipe)
            except ValueError:
                pass
            while self.win == None and self.pipeList:
                self.pipe = self.pipeList[0]
                self.notify.info("Trying pipe type %s (%s)" % (
                    self.pipe.getType(), self.pipe.getInterfaceName()))
                self.openMainWindow(*args, **kw)

                self.graphicsEngine.openWindows()
                if self.win != None and not self.isMainWindowOpen():
                    self.notify.info("Window did not open, removing.")
                    self.closeWindow(self.win)
                if self.win == None:
                    self.pipeList.remove(self.pipe)

        if self.win == None:
            self.notify.warning("Unable to open '%s' window." % (
                self.windowType))
            if self.requireWindow:
                # Unless require-window is set to false, it is an
                # error not to open a window.
                raise StandardError, 'Could not open window.'
        else:
            self.notify.info("Successfully opened window of type %s (%s)" % (
                self.win.getType(), self.win.getPipe().getInterfaceName()))

        # The default is trackball mode, which is more convenient for
        # ad-hoc development in Python using ShowBase.  Applications
        # can explicitly call base.useDrive() if they prefer a drive
        # interface.
        self.mouseInterface = self.trackball
        self.useTrackball()

        if startDirect:
            self.__doStartDirect()

        return self.win != None

    def isMainWindowOpen(self):
        if self.win != None:
            return self.win.isValid()
        return 0

    def openMainWindow(self, *args, **kw):
        """
        Creates the initial, main window for the application, and sets
        up the mouse and render2d structures appropriately for it.  If
        this method is called a second time, it will close the
        previous main window and open a new one, preserving the lens
        properties in base.camLens.

        The return value is true on success, or false on failure (in
        which case base.win may be either None, or the previous,
        closed window).
        """
        keepCamera = kw.get('keepCamera', 0)
        
        success = 1
        oldWin = self.win
        oldLens = self.camLens
        oldClearColorActive = None
        if self.win != None:
            # Close the previous window.
            oldClearColorActive = self.win.getClearColorActive()
            oldClearColor = VBase4(self.win.getClearColor())
            oldClearDepthActive = self.win.getClearDepthActive()
            oldClearDepth = self.win.getClearDepth()
            oldClearStencilActive = self.win.getClearStencilActive()
            oldClearStencil = self.win.getClearStencil()
            self.closeWindow(self.win, keepCamera = keepCamera)

        # Open a new window.
        self.openWindow(*args, **kw)
        if self.win == None:
            self.win = oldWin
            self.winList.append(oldWin)
            success = 0

        if self.win != None:
            if isinstance(self.win, GraphicsWindow):
                self.setupMouse(self.win)
            self.makeCamera2d(self.win)
            self.makeCamera2dp(self.win)

            if oldLens != None:
                # Restore the previous lens properties.
                self.camNode.setLens(oldLens)
                self.camLens = oldLens

            if oldClearColorActive != None:
                # Restore the previous clear properties.
                self.win.setClearColorActive(oldClearColorActive)
                self.win.setClearColor(oldClearColor)
                self.win.setClearDepthActive(oldClearDepthActive)
                self.win.setClearDepth(oldClearDepth)
                self.win.setClearStencilActive(oldClearStencilActive)
                self.win.setClearStencil(oldClearStencil)

            self.setFrameRateMeter(self.config.GetBool(
                'show-frame-rate-meter', 0))

        return success

    def setSleep(self, amount):
        """
        Sets up a task that calls python 'sleep' every frame.  This is a simple
        way to reduce the CPU usage (and frame rate) of a panda program.
        """
        if (self.clientSleep == amount):
            return
        self.clientSleep = amount
        if (amount == 0.0):
            self.taskMgr.remove('clientSleep')
        else:
            # Spawn it after igloop (at the end of each frame)
            self.taskMgr.remove('clientSleep')
            self.taskMgr.add(self.sleepCycleTask, 'clientSleep', priority = 55)

    def sleepCycleTask(self, task):
        time.sleep(self.clientSleep)
        return Task.cont

    def setFrameRateMeter(self, flag):
        """
        Turns on or off (according to flag) a standard frame rate
        meter in the upper-right corner of the main window.
        """
        if flag:
            if not self.frameRateMeter:
                self.frameRateMeter = FrameRateMeter('frameRateMeter')
                self.frameRateMeter.setupWindow(self.win)
        else:
            if self.frameRateMeter:
                self.frameRateMeter.clearWindow()
                self.frameRateMeter = None

    def setupWindowControls(self):
        if not self.winControls:
            winCtrl = WindowControls(
                self.win, mouseWatcher=self.mouseWatcher,
                cam=self.camera, cam2d=self.camera2d,
                mouseKeyboard = self.dataRoot.find("**/*"))
            self.winControls.append(winCtrl)


    def setupRender(self):
        """
        Creates the render scene graph, the primary scene graph for
        rendering 3-d geometry.
        """
        self.render = NodePath('render')
        self.render.setAttrib(RescaleNormalAttrib.makeDefault())

        self.render.setTwoSided(0)
        self.backfaceCullingEnabled = 1
        self.textureEnabled = 1
        self.wireframeEnabled = 0


    def setupRender2d(self):
        """
        Creates the render2d scene graph, the primary scene graph for
        2-d objects and gui elements that are superimposed over the
        3-d geometry in the window.
        """
        self.render2d = NodePath('render2d')

        # Set up some overrides to turn off certain properties which
        # we probably won't need for 2-d objects.

        # It's probably important to turn off the depth test, since
        # many 2-d objects will be drawn over each other without
        # regard to depth position.

        # We used to avoid clearing the depth buffer before drawing
        # render2d, but nowadays we clear it anyway, since we
        # occasionally want to put 3-d geometry under render2d, and
        # it's simplest (and seems to be easier on graphics drivers)
        # if the 2-d scene has been cleared first.

        self.render2d.setDepthTest(0)
        self.render2d.setDepthWrite(0)
        self.render2d.setMaterialOff(1)
        self.render2d.setTwoSided(1)

        # The normal 2-d DisplayRegion has an aspect ratio that
        # matches the window, but its coordinate system is square.
        # This means anything we parent to render2d gets stretched.
        # For things where that makes a difference, we set up
        # aspect2d, which scales things back to the right aspect
        # ratio.
        aspectRatio = self.getAspectRatio()
        self.aspect2d = self.render2d.attachNewNode(PGTop("aspect2d"))
        self.aspect2d.setScale(1.0 / aspectRatio, 1.0, 1.0)

        self.a2dBackground = self.aspect2d.attachNewNode("a2dBackground") 

        # It's important to know the bounds of the aspect2d screen.
        self.a2dTop = 1.0
        self.a2dBottom = -1.0
        self.a2dLeft = -aspectRatio
        self.a2dRight = aspectRatio

        self.a2dTopCenter = self.aspect2d.attachNewNode("a2dTopCenter")
        self.a2dBottomCenter = self.aspect2d.attachNewNode("a2dBottomCenter")
        self.a2dLeftCenter = self.aspect2d.attachNewNode("a2dLeftCenter")
        self.a2dRightCenter = self.aspect2d.attachNewNode("a2dRightCenter")

        self.a2dTopLeft = self.aspect2d.attachNewNode("a2dTopLeft")
        self.a2dTopRight = self.aspect2d.attachNewNode("a2dTopRight")
        self.a2dBottomLeft = self.aspect2d.attachNewNode("a2dBottomLeft")
        self.a2dBottomRight = self.aspect2d.attachNewNode("a2dBottomRight")

        # Put the nodes in their places
        self.a2dTopCenter.setPos(0, 0, self.a2dTop)
        self.a2dBottomCenter.setPos(0, 0, self.a2dBottom)
        self.a2dLeftCenter.setPos(self.a2dLeft, 0, 0)
        self.a2dRightCenter.setPos(self.a2dRight, 0, 0)

        self.a2dTopLeft.setPos(self.a2dLeft, 0, self.a2dTop)
        self.a2dTopRight.setPos(self.a2dRight, 0, self.a2dTop)
        self.a2dBottomLeft.setPos(self.a2dLeft, 0, self.a2dBottom)
        self.a2dBottomRight.setPos(self.a2dRight, 0, self.a2dBottom)

    def setupRender2dp(self):
        """
        Creates a render2d scene graph, the secondary scene graph for
        2-d objects and gui elements that are superimposed over the
        2-d and 3-d geometry in the window.
        """
        self.render2dp = NodePath('render2dp')

        # Set up some overrides to turn off certain properties which
        # we probably won't need for 2-d objects.

        # It's probably important to turn off the depth test, since
        # many 2-d objects will be drawn over each other without
        # regard to depth position.

        dt = DepthTestAttrib.make(DepthTestAttrib.MNone)
        dw = DepthWriteAttrib.make(DepthWriteAttrib.MOff)
        self.render2dp.setDepthTest(0)
        self.render2dp.setDepthWrite(0)

        self.render2dp.setMaterialOff(1)
        self.render2dp.setTwoSided(1)

        # The normal 2-d DisplayRegion has an aspect ratio that
        # matches the window, but its coordinate system is square.
        # This means anything we parent to render2d gets stretched.
        # For things where that makes a difference, we set up
        # aspect2d, which scales things back to the right aspect
        # ratio.

        aspectRatio = self.getAspectRatio()
        self.aspect2dp = self.render2dp.attachNewNode(PGTop("aspect2dp"))
        self.aspect2dp.node().setStartSort(16384)
        self.aspect2dp.setScale(1.0 / aspectRatio, 1.0, 1.0)

        # It's important to know the bounds of the aspect2d screen.
        self.a2dpTop = 1.0
        self.a2dpBottom = -1.0
        self.a2dpLeft = -aspectRatio
        self.a2dpRight = aspectRatio


        self.a2dpTopCenter = self.aspect2dp.attachNewNode("a2dpTopCenter")
        self.a2dpBottomCenter = self.aspect2dp.attachNewNode("a2dpBottomCenter")
        self.a2dpLeftCenter = self.aspect2dp.attachNewNode("a2dpLeftCenter")
        self.a2dpRightCenter = self.aspect2dp.attachNewNode("a2dpRightCenter")

        self.a2dpTopLeft = self.aspect2dp.attachNewNode("a2dpTopLeft")
        self.a2dpTopRight = self.aspect2dp.attachNewNode("a2dpTopRight")
        self.a2dpBottomLeft = self.aspect2dp.attachNewNode("a2dpBottomLeft")
        self.a2dpBottomRight = self.aspect2dp.attachNewNode("a2dpBottomRight")

        # Put the nodes in their places
        self.a2dpTopCenter.setPos(0, 0, self.a2dpTop)
        self.a2dpBottomCenter.setPos(0, 0, self.a2dpBottom)
        self.a2dpLeftCenter.setPos(self.a2dpLeft, 0, 0)
        self.a2dpRightCenter.setPos(self.a2dpRight, 0, 0)

        self.a2dpTopLeft.setPos(self.a2dpLeft, 0, self.a2dpTop)
        self.a2dpTopRight.setPos(self.a2dpRight, 0, self.a2dpTop)
        self.a2dpBottomLeft.setPos(self.a2dpLeft, 0, self.a2dpBottom)
        self.a2dpBottomRight.setPos(self.a2dpRight, 0, self.a2dpBottom)

    def getAspectRatio(self, win = None):
        # Returns the actual aspect ratio of the indicated (or main
        # window), or the default aspect ratio if there is not yet a
        # main window.

        # If the config it set, we return that
        if self.__configAspectRatio:
            return self.__configAspectRatio

        aspectRatio = 1

        if win == None:
            win = self.win

        if win != None and win.hasSize():
            if(win.getYSize() == 0 or win.getXSize() == 0):
                #flub the aspect since we can't actually see anything
                return 1
            aspectRatio = float(win.getXSize()) / float(win.getYSize())

        else:
            if win == None or not hasattr(win, "getRequestedProperties"):
                props = WindowProperties.getDefault()
            else:
                props = win.getRequestedProperties()
                if not props.hasSize():
                    props = WindowProperties.getDefault()

            if props.hasSize():
                aspectRatio = float(props.getXSize()) / float(props.getYSize())

        return aspectRatio

    def makeCamera(self, win, sort = 0, scene = None,
                   displayRegion = (0, 1, 0, 1), stereo = None,
                   aspectRatio = None, clearDepth = 0, clearColor = None,
                   lens = None, camName = 'cam', mask = None,
                   useCamera = None):
        """
        Makes a new 3-d camera associated with the indicated window,
        and creates a display region in the indicated subrectangle.

        If stereo is True, then a stereo camera is created, with a
        pair of DisplayRegions.  If stereo is False, then a standard
        camera is created.  If stereo is None or omitted, a stereo
        camera is created if the window says it can render in stereo.

        If useCamera is not None, it is a NodePath to be used as the
        camera to apply to the window, rather than creating a new
        camera.
        """
        # self.camera is the parent node of all cameras: a node that
        # we can move around to move all cameras as a group.
        if self.camera == None:
            self.camera = self.render.attachNewNode('camera')
            __builtin__.camera = self.camera

        if useCamera:
            # Use the existing camera node.
            cam = useCamera
            camNode = useCamera.node()
            assert(isinstance(camNode, Camera))
            lens = camNode.getLens()
            cam.reparentTo(self.camera)

        else:
            # Make a new Camera node.
            camNode = Camera(camName)
            if lens == None:
                lens = PerspectiveLens()

                if aspectRatio == None:
                    aspectRatio = self.getAspectRatio(win)
                lens.setAspectRatio(aspectRatio)

            cam = self.camera.attachNewNode(camNode)

        if lens != None:
            camNode.setLens(lens)

        if scene != None:
            camNode.setScene(scene)

        if mask != None:
            if (isinstance(mask, int)):
                mask = BitMask32(mask)
            camNode.setCameraMask(mask)

        if self.cam == None:
            self.cam = cam
            self.camNode = camNode
            self.camLens = lens

        self.camList.append(cam)

        # Now, make a DisplayRegion for the camera.
        if stereo is not None:
            if stereo:
                dr = win.makeStereoDisplayRegion(*displayRegion)
            else:
                dr = win.makeMonoDisplayRegion(*displayRegion)
        else:
            dr = win.makeDisplayRegion(*displayRegion)

        dr.setSort(sort)

        # By default, we do not clear 3-d display regions (the entire
        # window will be cleared, which is normally sufficient).  But
        # we will if clearDepth is specified.
        if clearDepth:
            dr.setClearDepthActive(1)
        elif dr.isStereo():
            # If it's a stereo DisplayRegion, we clear the right
            # channel by default.
            dr.getRightEye().setClearDepthActive(1)
            
        if clearColor:
            dr.setClearColorActive(1)
            dr.setClearColor(clearColor)

        dr.setCamera(cam)

        return cam

    def makeCamera2d(self, win, sort = 10,
                     displayRegion = (0, 1, 0, 1), coords = (-1, 1, -1, 1),
                     lens = None, cameraName = None):
        """
        Makes a new camera2d associated with the indicated window, and
        assigns it to render the indicated subrectangle of render2d.
        """
        dr = win.makeMonoDisplayRegion(*displayRegion)
        dr.setSort(sort)

        # Enable clearing of the depth buffer on this new display
        # region (see the comment in setupRender2d, above).
        dr.setClearDepthActive(1)

        # Make any texture reloads on the gui come up immediately.
        dr.setIncompleteRender(False)

        left, right, bottom, top = coords

        # Now make a new Camera node.
        if (cameraName):
            cam2dNode = Camera('cam2d_' + cameraName)
        else:
            cam2dNode = Camera('cam2d')
            
        if lens == None:
            lens = OrthographicLens()
            lens.setFilmSize(right - left, top - bottom)
            lens.setFilmOffset((right + left) * 0.5, (top + bottom) * 0.5)
            lens.setNearFar(-1000, 1000)
        cam2dNode.setLens(lens)

        # self.camera2d is the analog of self.camera, although it's
        # not as clear how useful it is.
        if self.camera2d == None:
            self.camera2d = self.render2d.attachNewNode('camera2d')

        camera2d = self.camera2d.attachNewNode(cam2dNode)
        dr.setCamera(camera2d)

        if self.cam2d == None:
            self.cam2d = camera2d

        return camera2d

    def makeCamera2dp(self, win, sort = 20,
                      displayRegion = (0, 1, 0, 1), coords = (-1, 1, -1, 1),
                      lens = None, cameraName = None):
        """
        Makes a new camera2dp associated with the indicated window, and
        assigns it to render the indicated subrectangle of render2dp.
        """
        dr = win.makeMonoDisplayRegion(*displayRegion)
        dr.setSort(sort)

        # Unlike render2d, we don't clear the depth buffer for
        # render2dp.  Caveat emptor.

        if hasattr(dr, 'setIncompleteRender'):
            dr.setIncompleteRender(False)

        left, right, bottom, top = coords

        # Now make a new Camera node.
        if (cameraName):
            cam2dNode = Camera('cam2dp_' + cameraName)
        else:
            cam2dNode = Camera('cam2dp')

        if lens == None:
            lens = OrthographicLens()
            lens.setFilmSize(right - left, top - bottom)
            lens.setFilmOffset((right + left) * 0.5, (top + bottom) * 0.5)
            lens.setNearFar(-1000, 1000)
        cam2dNode.setLens(lens)

        # self.camera2d is the analog of self.camera, although it's
        # not as clear how useful it is.
        if self.camera2dp == None:
            self.camera2dp = self.render2dp.attachNewNode('camera2dp')

        camera2dp = self.camera2dp.attachNewNode(cam2dNode)
        dr.setCamera(camera2dp)

        if self.cam2dp == None:
            self.cam2dp = camera2dp

        return camera2dp


    def setupDataGraph(self):
        """
        Creates the data graph and populates it with the basic input
        devices.
        """
        self.dataRoot = NodePath('dataRoot')
        # Cache the node so we do not ask for it every frame
        self.dataRootNode = self.dataRoot.node()
        self.dataUnused = NodePath('dataUnused')

    def setupMouse(self, win):
        """
        Creates the structures necessary to monitor the mouse input,
        using the indicated window.  If the mouse has already been set
        up for a different window, those structures are deleted first.
        """
        if self.buttonThrowers != None:
            for bt in self.buttonThrowers:
                mw = bt.getParent()
                mk = mw.getParent()
                bt.removeNode()
                mw.removeNode()
                mk.removeNode()
        # For each mouse/keyboard device, we create
        #  - MouseAndKeyboard
        #  - MouseWatcher
        #  - ButtonThrower
        # The ButtonThrowers are stored in a list, self.buttonThrowers.
        # Given a ButtonThrower, one can access the MouseWatcher and
        # MouseAndKeyboard using getParent.
        #
        # The MouseAndKeyboard generates mouse events and mouse
        # button/keyboard events; the MouseWatcher passes them through
        # unchanged when the mouse is not over a 2-d button, and passes
        # nothing through when the mouse *is* over a 2-d button.  Therefore,
        # objects that don't want to get events when the mouse is over a
        # button, like the driveInterface, should be parented to
        # MouseWatcher, while objects that want events in all cases, like the
        # chat interface, should be parented to the MouseAndKeyboard.

        self.buttonThrowers = []
        self.pointerWatcherNodes = []
        for i in range(win.getNumInputDevices()):
            name = win.getInputDeviceName(i)
            mk = self.dataRoot.attachNewNode(MouseAndKeyboard(win, i, name))
            mw = mk.attachNewNode(MouseWatcher("watcher%s" % (i)))
            mb = mw.node().getModifierButtons()
            mb.addButton(KeyboardButton.shift())
            mb.addButton(KeyboardButton.control())
            mb.addButton(KeyboardButton.alt())
            mb.addButton(KeyboardButton.meta())
            mw.node().setModifierButtons(mb)
            bt = mw.attachNewNode(ButtonThrower("buttons%s" % (i)))
            if (i != 0):
                bt.node().setPrefix('mousedev%s-' % (i))
            mods = ModifierButtons()
            mods.addButton(KeyboardButton.shift())
            mods.addButton(KeyboardButton.control())
            mods.addButton(KeyboardButton.alt())
            mods.addButton(KeyboardButton.meta())
            bt.node().setModifierButtons(mods)
            self.buttonThrowers.append(bt)
            if (win.hasPointer(i)):
                self.pointerWatcherNodes.append(mw.node())

        self.mouseWatcher = self.buttonThrowers[0].getParent()
        self.mouseWatcherNode = self.mouseWatcher.node()
        # print "ButtonThrowers = ", self.buttonThrowers
        # print "PointerWatcherNodes = ", self.pointerWatcherNodes

        if self.recorder:
            # If we have a recorder, the mouseWatcher belongs under a
            # special MouseRecorder node, which may intercept the
            # mouse activity.
            mw = self.buttonThrowers[0].getParent()
            mouseRecorder = MouseRecorder('mouse')
            self.recorder.addRecorder(
                'mouse', mouseRecorder.upcastToRecorderBase())
            np = mw.getParent().attachNewNode(mouseRecorder)
            mw.reparentTo(np)

        # Now we have the main trackball & drive interfaces.
        # useTrackball() and useDrive() switch these in and out; only
        # one is in use at a given time.
        self.trackball = self.dataUnused.attachNewNode(Trackball('trackball'))
        self.drive = self.dataUnused.attachNewNode(DriveInterface('drive'))
        self.mouse2cam = self.dataUnused.attachNewNode(Transform2SG('mouse2cam'))
        self.mouse2cam.node().setNode(self.camera.node())

        # A special ButtonThrower to generate keyboard events and
        # include the time from the OS.  This is separate only to
        # support legacy code that did not expect a time parameter; it
        # will eventually be folded into the normal ButtonThrower,
        # above.
        mw = self.buttonThrowers[0].getParent()
        self.timeButtonThrower = mw.attachNewNode(ButtonThrower('timeButtons'))
        self.timeButtonThrower.node().setPrefix('time-')
        self.timeButtonThrower.node().setTimeFlag(1)

        # Tell the gui system about our new mouse watcher.
        self.aspect2d.node().setMouseWatcher(mw.node())
        self.aspect2dp.node().setMouseWatcher(mw.node())
        mw.node().addRegion(PGMouseWatcherBackground())

    def enableSoftwareMousePointer(self):
        """
        Creates some geometry and parents it to render2d to show
        the currently-known mouse position.  Useful if the mouse
        pointer is invisible for some reason.
        """
        mouseViz = render2d.attachNewNode('mouseViz')
        lilsmiley = loader.loadModel('lilsmiley')
        lilsmiley.reparentTo(mouseViz)

        aspectRatio = self.getAspectRatio()
        # Scale the smiley face to 32x32 pixels.
        height = self.win.getYSize()
        lilsmiley.setScale(
            32.0 / height / aspectRatio,
            1.0, 32.0 / height)
        self.mouseWatcherNode.setGeometry(mouseViz.node())

    def getAlt(self):
        return self.mouseWatcherNode.getModifierButtons().isDown(
            KeyboardButton.alt())

    def getShift(self):
        return self.mouseWatcherNode.getModifierButtons().isDown(
            KeyboardButton.shift())

    def getControl(self):
        return self.mouseWatcherNode.getModifierButtons().isDown(
            KeyboardButton.control())

    def getMeta(self):
        return self.mouseWatcherNode.getModifierButtons().isDown(
            KeyboardButton.meta())

    def addAngularIntegrator(self):
        if not self.physicsMgrAngular:
            self.physicsMgrAngular = 1
            integrator = AngularEulerIntegrator()
            self.physicsMgr.attachAngularIntegrator(integrator)

    def enableParticles(self):
        if not self.particleMgrEnabled:
            self.particleMgrEnabled = 1
            self.physicsMgrEnabled = 1
            self.taskMgr.remove('manager-update')
            self.taskMgr.add(self.updateManagers, 'manager-update')

    def disableParticles(self):
        if self.particleMgrEnabled:
            self.particleMgrEnabled = 0
            self.physicsMgrEnabled = 0
            self.taskMgr.remove('manager-update')

    def toggleParticles(self):
        if self.particleMgrEnabled == 0:
            self.enableParticles()
        else:
            self.disableParticles()

    def isParticleMgrEnabled(self):
        return self.particleMgrEnabled

    def isPhysicsMgrEnabled(self):
        return self.physicsMgrEnabled

    def updateManagers(self, state):
        dt = globalClock.getDt()
        if (self.particleMgrEnabled == 1):
            self.particleMgr.doParticles(dt)
        if (self.physicsMgrEnabled == 1):
            self.physicsMgr.doPhysics(dt)
        return Task.cont

    def createStats(self, hostname=None, port=None):
        # You can specify pstats-host in your Config.prc or use ~pstats/~aipstats
        # The default is localhost
        if not self.wantStats:
            return False

        if PStatClient.isConnected():
            PStatClient.disconnect()
        # these default values match the C++ default values
        if hostname is None:
            hostname = ''
        if port is None:
            port = -1
        PStatClient.connect(hostname, port)
        return PStatClient.isConnected()
                

    def addSfxManager(self, extraSfxManager):
        # keep a list of sfx manager objects to apply settings to,
        # since there may be others in addition to the one we create here
        self.sfxManagerList.append(extraSfxManager)
        newSfxManagerIsValid = (extraSfxManager!=None) and extraSfxManager.isValid()
        self.sfxManagerIsValidList.append(newSfxManagerIsValid)
        if newSfxManagerIsValid:
            extraSfxManager.setActive(self.sfxActive)

    def createBaseAudioManagers(self):
        self.sfxPlayer = SfxPlayer.SfxPlayer()
        sfxManager = AudioManager.createAudioManager()
        self.addSfxManager(sfxManager)

        self.musicManager = AudioManager.createAudioManager()
        self.musicManagerIsValid=self.musicManager!=None \
                and self.musicManager.isValid()
        if self.musicManagerIsValid:
            # ensure only 1 midi song is playing at a time:
            self.musicManager.setConcurrentSoundLimit(1)
            self.musicManager.setActive(self.musicActive)

    # enableMusic/enableSoundEffects are meant to be called in response
    # to a user request so sfxActive/musicActive represent how things
    # *should* be, regardless of App/OS/HW state
    def enableMusic(self, bEnableMusic):
        # dont setActive(1) if no audiofocus
        if self.AppHasAudioFocus and self.musicManagerIsValid:
            self.musicManager.setActive(bEnableMusic)
        self.musicActive = bEnableMusic
        if bEnableMusic:
            self.notify.debug("Enabling music")
        else:
            self.notify.debug("Disabling music")

    def SetAllSfxEnables(self, bEnabled):
        for i in range(len(self.sfxManagerList)):
            if (self.sfxManagerIsValidList[i]):
                self.sfxManagerList[i].setActive(bEnabled)

    def enableSoundEffects(self, bEnableSoundEffects):
        # dont setActive(1) if no audiofocus
        if self.AppHasAudioFocus or (bEnableSoundEffects==0):
            self.SetAllSfxEnables(bEnableSoundEffects)
        self.sfxActive=bEnableSoundEffects
        if bEnableSoundEffects:
            self.notify.debug("Enabling sound effects")
        else:
            self.notify.debug("Disabling sound effects")

    # enable/disableAllAudio allow a programmable global override-off
    # for current audio settings.  they're meant to be called when app
    # loses audio focus (switched out), so we can turn off sound without
    # affecting internal sfxActive/musicActive sound settings, so things
    # come back ok when the app is switched back to

    def disableAllAudio(self):
        self.AppHasAudioFocus = 0
        self.SetAllSfxEnables(0)
        if self.musicManagerIsValid:
            self.musicManager.setActive(0)
        self.notify.debug("Disabling audio")

    def enableAllAudio(self):
        self.AppHasAudioFocus = 1
        self.SetAllSfxEnables(self.sfxActive)
        if self.musicManagerIsValid:
            self.musicManager.setActive(self.musicActive)
        self.notify.debug("Enabling audio")

    # This function should only be in the loader but is here for
    # backwards compatibility. Please do not add code here, add
    # it to the loader.
    def loadSfx(self, name):
        return self.loader.loadSfx(name)

    # This function should only be in the loader but is here for
    # backwards compatibility. Please do not add code here, add
    # it to the loader.
    def loadMusic(self, name):
        return self.loader.loadMusic(name)

    def playSfx(
            self, sfx, looping = 0, interrupt = 1, volume = None,
            time = 0.0, node = None, listener = None, cutoff = None):
        # This goes through a special player for potential localization
        return self.sfxPlayer.playSfx(sfx, looping, interrupt, volume, time, node, listener, cutoff)

    def playMusic(self, music, looping = 0, interrupt = 1, volume = None, time = 0.0):
        if music:
            if volume != None:
                music.setVolume(volume)

            # if interrupt was set to 0, start over even if it's
            # already playing
            if interrupt or (music.status() != AudioSound.PLAYING):
                music.setTime(time)
                music.setLoop(looping)
                music.play()

    def __resetPrevTransform(self, state):
        # Clear out the previous velocity deltas now, after we have
        # rendered (the previous frame).  We do this after the render,
        # so that we have a chance to draw a representation of spheres
        # along with their velocities.  At the beginning of the frame
        # really means after the command prompt, which allows the user
        # to interactively query these deltas meaningfully.

        PandaNode.resetAllPrevTransform()
        return Task.cont

    def __dataLoop(self, state):
        # traverse the data graph.  This reads all the control
        # inputs (from the mouse and keyboard, for instance) and also
        # directly acts upon them (for instance, to move the avatar).
        self.dgTrav.traverse(self.dataRootNode)
        return Task.cont

    def __ivalLoop(self, state):
        # Execute all intervals in the global ivalMgr.
        IntervalManager.ivalMgr.step()
        return Task.cont

    def initShadowTrav(self):
        if not self.shadowTrav:
            # set up the shadow collision traverser
            self.shadowTrav = CollisionTraverser("base.shadowTrav")
            self.shadowTrav.setRespectPrevTransform(False)

    def __shadowCollisionLoop(self, state):
        # run the collision traversal if we have a
        # CollisionTraverser set.
        if self.shadowTrav:
            self.shadowTrav.traverse(self.render)
        return Task.cont

    def __collisionLoop(self, state):
        # run the collision traversal if we have a
        # CollisionTraverser set.
        if self.cTrav:
            self.cTrav.traverse(self.render)
        if self.appTrav:
            self.appTrav.traverse(self.render)
        if self.shadowTrav:
            self.shadowTrav.traverse(self.render)
        messenger.send("collisionLoopFinished")
        return Task.cont

    def __audioLoop(self, state):
        if (self.musicManager != None):
            self.musicManager.update()
        for x in self.sfxManagerList:
            x.update()
        return Task.cont

    def __igLoop(self, state):
        # We render the watch variables for the onScreenDebug as soon
        # as we reasonably can before the renderFrame().
        onScreenDebug.render()

        if self.recorder:
            self.recorder.recordFrame()

        # Finally, render the frame.
        self.graphicsEngine.renderFrame()
        if self.clusterSyncFlag:
            self.graphicsEngine.syncFrame()
        if self.multiClientSleep:
            time.sleep(0)

        # We clear the text buffer for the onScreenDebug as soon
        # as we reasonably can after the renderFrame().
        onScreenDebug.clear()

        if self.recorder:
            self.recorder.playFrame()

        if self.mainWinMinimized:
            # If the main window is minimized, slow down the app a bit
            # by sleeping here in igLoop so we don't use all available
            # CPU needlessly.

            # Note: this isn't quite right if multiple windows are
            # open.  We should base this on whether *all* windows are
            # minimized, not just the main window.  But it will do for
            # now until someone complains.
            time.sleep(0.1)

        # Lerp stuff needs this event, and it must be generated in
        # C++, not in Python.
        throwNewFrame()
        return Task.cont

    def restart(self):
        self.shutdown()
        # __resetPrevTransform goes at the very beginning of the frame.
        self.taskMgr.add(
            self.__resetPrevTransform, 'resetPrevTransform', priority = -51)
        # give the dataLoop task a reasonably "early" priority,
        # so that it will get run before most tasks
        self.taskMgr.add(self.__dataLoop, 'dataLoop', priority = -50)
        self.__deadInputs = 0
        # spawn the ivalLoop with a later priority, so that it will
        # run after most tasks, but before igLoop.
        self.taskMgr.add(self.__ivalLoop, 'ivalLoop', priority = 20)
        # make the collisionLoop task run before igLoop,
        # but leave enough room for the app to insert tasks
        # between collisionLoop and igLoop
        self.taskMgr.add(self.__collisionLoop, 'collisionLoop', priority = 30)
        
        # give the igLoop task a reasonably "late" priority,
        # so that it will get run after most tasks
        self.taskMgr.add(self.__igLoop, 'igLoop', priority = 50)
        # the audioLoop updates the positions of 3D sounds.
        # as such, it needs to run after the cull traversal in the igLoop.
        self.taskMgr.add(self.__audioLoop, 'audioLoop', priority = 60)
        self.eventMgr.restart()

        if not hasattr(taskMgr, 'mgr'):
            # If we're using the old task manager, we need to have an
            # explicit task to manage the async load requests.  (On
            # the new task manager, this is built-in.)
            def asyncLoad(task):
                task.mgr.poll()
                return task.cont
            task = Task.Task(asyncLoad)
            task.mgr = AsyncTaskManager.getGlobalPtr()
            taskMgr.add(task, 'asyncLoad')

    def shutdown(self):
        self.taskMgr.remove('audioLoop')
        self.taskMgr.remove('igLoop')
        self.taskMgr.remove('shadowCollisionLoop')
        self.taskMgr.remove('collisionLoop')
        self.taskMgr.remove('dataLoop')
        self.taskMgr.remove('resetPrevTransform')
        self.taskMgr.remove('ivalLoop')
        self.eventMgr.shutdown()

        if not hasattr(taskMgr, 'mgr'):
            # If we're using the old task manager, we need to have an
            # explicit task to manage the async load requests.  (On
            # the new task manager, this is built-in.)
            taskMgr.remove('asyncLoad')

    def getBackgroundColor(self, win = None):
        """
        Returns the current window background color.  This assumes
        the window is set up to clear the color each frame (this is
        the normal setting).
        """
        if win == None:
            win = self.win

        return VBase4(win.getClearColor())

    def setBackgroundColor(self, r = None, g = None, b = None, a = 0.0, win = None):
        """
        Sets the window background color to the indicated value.
        This assumes the window is set up to clear the color each
        frame (this is the normal setting).

        The color may be either a VBase3 or a VBase4, or a 3-component
        tuple, or the individual r, g, b parameters.
        """
        if g != None:
            color = VBase4(r, g, b, a)
        else:
            arg = r
            if isinstance(arg, VBase4):
                color = arg
            else:
                color = VBase4(arg[0], arg[1], arg[2], a)

        if win == None:
            win = self.win

        if win:
           win.setClearColor(color)

    def toggleBackface(self):
        if self.backfaceCullingEnabled:
            self.backfaceCullingOff()
        else:
            self.backfaceCullingOn()

    def backfaceCullingOn(self):
        if not self.backfaceCullingEnabled:
            self.render.setTwoSided(0)
        self.backfaceCullingEnabled = 1

    def backfaceCullingOff(self):
        if self.backfaceCullingEnabled:
            self.render.setTwoSided(1)
        self.backfaceCullingEnabled = 0

    def toggleTexture(self):
        if self.textureEnabled:
            self.textureOff()
        else:
            self.textureOn()

    def textureOn(self):
        self.render.clearTexture()
        self.textureEnabled = 1

    def textureOff(self):
        self.render.setTextureOff(100)
        self.textureEnabled = 0

    def toggleWireframe(self):
        if self.wireframeEnabled:
            self.wireframeOff()
        else:
            self.wireframeOn()

    def wireframeOn(self):
        self.render.setRenderModeWireframe(100)
        self.render.setTwoSided(1)
        self.wireframeEnabled = 1

    def wireframeOff(self):
        self.render.clearRenderMode()
        render.setTwoSided(not self.backfaceCullingEnabled)
        self.wireframeEnabled = 0

    def disableMouse(self):
        """
        Temporarily disable the mouse control of the camera, either
        via the drive interface or the trackball, whichever is
        currently in use.
        """
        # We don't reparent the drive interface or the trackball;
        # whichever one was there before will remain in the data graph
        # and active.  This way they won't lose button events while
        # the mouse is disabled.  However, we do move the mouse2cam
        # object out of there, so we won't be updating the camera any
        # more.
        if self.mouse2cam:
            self.mouse2cam.reparentTo(self.dataUnused)

    def enableMouse(self):
        """
        Reverse the effect of a previous call to disableMouse().
        useDrive() also implicitly enables the mouse.
        """
        if self.mouse2cam:
            self.mouse2cam.reparentTo(self.mouseInterface)

    def silenceInput(self):
        """
        This is a heavy-handed way of temporarily turning off
        all inputs.  Bring them back with reviveInput().
        """
        if not self.__deadInputs:
            self.__deadInputs = taskMgr.remove('dataLoop')

    def reviveInput(self):
        """
        Restores inputs after a previous call to silenceInput.
        """
        if self.__deadInputs:
            self.eventMgr.doEvents()
            self.dgTrav.traverse(base.dataRootNode)
            self.eventMgr.eventQueue.clear()
            self.taskMgr.add(self.__dataLoop, 'dataLoop', priority = -50)
            self.__deadInputs = 0

    def setMouseOnNode(self, newNode):
        if self.mouse2cam:
            self.mouse2cam.node().setNode(newNode)

    def changeMouseInterface(self, changeTo):
        """
        Switch mouse action
        """
        # Get rid of the prior interface:
        self.mouseInterface.reparentTo(self.dataUnused)
        # Update the mouseInterface to point to the drive
        self.mouseInterface = changeTo
        self.mouseInterfaceNode = self.mouseInterface.node()
        # Hookup the drive to the camera.
        self.mouseInterface.reparentTo(self.mouseWatcher)
        if self.mouse2cam:
            self.mouse2cam.reparentTo(self.mouseInterface)

    def useDrive(self):
        """
        Switch mouse action to drive mode
        """
        if self.drive:
            self.changeMouseInterface(self.drive)
            # Set the height to a good eyeheight
            self.mouseInterfaceNode.reset()
            self.mouseInterfaceNode.setZ(4.0)

    def useTrackball(self):
        """
        Switch mouse action to trackball mode
        """
        if self.trackball:
            self.changeMouseInterface(self.trackball)

    def toggleTexMem(self):
        """ Toggles a handy texture memory watcher.  See TexMemWatcher
        for more information. """

        if self.texmem and not self.texmem.cleanedUp:
            self.texmem.cleanup()
            self.texmem = None
            return

        from direct.showutil.TexMemWatcher import TexMemWatcher
        self.texmem = TexMemWatcher()

    def toggleShowVertices(self):
        """ Toggles a mode that visualizes vertex density per screen
        area. """

        if self.showVertices:
            # Clean up the old mode.
            self.showVertices.node().setActive(0)
            dr = self.showVertices.node().getDisplayRegion(0)
            base.win.removeDisplayRegion(dr)
            self.showVertices.removeNode()
            self.showVertices = None
            return

        dr = base.win.makeDisplayRegion()
        dr.setSort(1000)
        cam = Camera('showVertices')
        cam.setLens(base.camLens)

        # Set up a funny state to render only vertices.
        override = 100000
        t = NodePath('t')
        t.setColor(1, 0, 1, 0.02, override)
        t.setColorScale(1, 1, 1, 1, override)
        t.setAttrib(ColorBlendAttrib.make(ColorBlendAttrib.MAdd, ColorBlendAttrib.OIncomingAlpha, ColorBlendAttrib.OOneMinusIncomingAlpha), override)
        t.setAttrib(RenderModeAttrib.make(RenderModeAttrib.MPoint, 10), override)
        t.setTwoSided(True, override)
        t.setBin('fixed', 0, override)
        t.setDepthTest(False, override)
        t.setDepthWrite(False, override)
        t.setLightOff(override)
        t.setShaderOff(override)
        t.setFogOff(override)
        t.setAttrib(AntialiasAttrib.make(AntialiasAttrib.MNone), override)
        t.setAttrib(RescaleNormalAttrib.make(RescaleNormalAttrib.MNone), override)
        t.setTextureOff(override)

        # Make the spots round, so there's less static in the display.
        # This forces software point generation on many drivers, so
        # it's not on by default.
        if self.config.GetBool('round-show-vertices', False):
            spot = PNMImage(256, 256, 1)
            spot.renderSpot((1, 1, 1, 1), (0, 0, 0, 0), 0.8, 1)
            tex = Texture('spot')
            tex.load(spot)
            tex.setFormat(tex.FAlpha)
            t.setTexture(tex, override)
            t.setAttrib(TexGenAttrib.make(TextureStage.getDefault(), TexGenAttrib.MPointSprite), override)

        cam.setInitialState(t.getState())
        cam.setCameraMask(~PandaNode.getOverallBit())

        self.showVertices = self.cam.attachNewNode(cam)
        dr.setCamera(self.showVertices)
        

    def oobe(self):
        """
        Enable a special "out-of-body experience" mouse-interface
        mode.  This can be used when a "god" camera is needed; it
        moves the camera node out from under its normal node and sets
        the world up in trackball state.  Button events are still sent
        to the normal mouse action node (e.g. the DriveInterface), and
        mouse events, if needed, may be sent to the normal node by
        holding down the Control key.

        This is different than useTrackball(), which simply changes
        the existing mouse action to a trackball interface.  In fact,
        OOBE mode doesn't care whether useDrive() or useTrackball() is
        in effect; it just temporarily layers a new trackball
        interface on top of whatever the basic interface is.  You can
        even switch between useDrive() and useTrackball() while OOBE
        mode is in effect.

        This is a toggle; the second time this function is called, it
        disables the mode.
        """
        # If oobeMode was never set, set it to false and create the
        # structures we need to implement OOBE.
        try:
            self.oobeMode
        except:
            self.oobeMode = 0

            self.oobeCamera = self.hidden.attachNewNode('oobeCamera')
            self.oobeCameraTrackball = self.oobeCamera.attachNewNode('oobeCameraTrackball')
            self.oobeLens = PerspectiveLens()
            self.oobeLens.setAspectRatio(self.getAspectRatio())
            self.oobeLens.setNearFar(0.1, 10000.0)
            self.oobeLens.setMinFov(40)

            self.oobeTrackball = self.dataUnused.attachNewNode(Trackball('oobeTrackball'), 1)
            self.oobe2cam = self.oobeTrackball.attachNewNode(Transform2SG('oobe2cam'))
            self.oobe2cam.node().setNode(self.oobeCameraTrackball.node())

            self.oobeVis = loader.loadModel('models/misc/camera', okMissing = True)
            if not self.oobeVis:
                self.oobeVis = NodePath('oobeVis')
            self.oobeVis.node().setFinal(1)
            self.oobeVis.setLightOff(1)
            self.oobeCullFrustum = None
            self.oobeCullFrustumVis = None

            self.accept('oobe-down', self.__oobeButton, extraArgs = [''])
            self.accept('oobe-repeat', self.__oobeButton, extraArgs = ['-repeat'])
            self.accept('oobe-up', self.__oobeButton, extraArgs = ['-up'])

        if self.oobeMode:
            # Disable OOBE mode.
            if self.oobeCullFrustum != None:
                # First, disable OOBE cull mode.
                self.oobeCull()

            if self.oobeVis:
                self.oobeVis.reparentTo(self.hidden)

            # Restore the mouse interface node, and remove the oobe
            # trackball from the data path.
            self.mouseInterfaceNode.clearButton(KeyboardButton.control())
            self.oobeTrackball.detachNode()

            bt = self.buttonThrowers[0].node()
            bt.setSpecificFlag(1)
            bt.setButtonDownEvent('')
            bt.setButtonRepeatEvent('')
            bt.setButtonUpEvent('')

            self.cam.reparentTo(self.camera)
            self.camNode.setLens(self.camLens)
            self.oobeCamera.reparentTo(self.hidden)
            self.oobeMode = 0
            bboard.post('oobeEnabled', False)
        else:
            bboard.post('oobeEnabled', True)
            try:
                cameraParent = localAvatar
            except:
                # Make oobeCamera be a sibling of wherever camera is now.
                cameraParent = self.camera.getParent()
            self.oobeCamera.reparentTo(cameraParent)
            self.oobeCamera.clearMat()

            # Make the regular MouseInterface node respond only when
            # the control button is pressed.  And the oobe node will
            # respond only when control is *not* pressed.

            self.mouseInterfaceNode.requireButton(KeyboardButton.control(), True)
            self.oobeTrackball.node().requireButton(KeyboardButton.control(), False)
            self.oobeTrackball.reparentTo(self.mouseWatcher)

            # Set our initial OOB position to be just behind the camera.
            mat = Mat4.translateMat(0, -10, 3) * self.camera.getMat(cameraParent)
            mat.invertInPlace()
            self.oobeTrackball.node().setMat(mat)

            self.cam.reparentTo(self.oobeCameraTrackball)

            # Temporarily disable button events by routing them
            # through the oobe filters.
            bt = self.buttonThrowers[0].node()
            bt.setSpecificFlag(0)
            bt.setButtonDownEvent('oobe-down')
            bt.setButtonRepeatEvent('oobe-repeat')
            bt.setButtonUpEvent('oobe-up')

            # Don't change the camera lens--keep it with the original lens.
            #self.camNode.setLens(self.oobeLens)

            if self.oobeVis:
                self.oobeVis.reparentTo(self.camera)
            self.oobeMode = 1

    def __oobeButton(self, suffix, button):
        if button.startswith('mouse'):
            # Eat mouse buttons.
            return

        # Transmit other buttons.
        messenger.send(button + suffix)

    def oobeCull(self):
        """
        While in OOBE mode (see above), cull the viewing frustum as if
        it were still attached to our original camera.  This allows us
        to visualize the effectiveness of our bounding volumes.
        """
        # First, make sure OOBE mode is enabled.
        try:
            if not self.oobeMode:
                self.oobe()
        except:
            self.oobe()

        if self.oobeCullFrustum == None:
            # Enable OOBE culling.
            pnode = LensNode('oobeCull')
            pnode.setLens(self.camLens)
            self.oobeCullFrustum = self.camera.attachNewNode(pnode)

            # Create a visible representation of the frustum.
            geom = self.camLens.makeGeometry()
            if geom != None:
                gn = GeomNode('frustum')
                gn.addGeom(geom)
                self.oobeCullFrustumVis = self.oobeVis.attachNewNode(gn)

            # Tell the camera to cull from here instead of its own
            # origin.
            for cam in base.camList:
                cam.node().setCullCenter(self.oobeCullFrustum)
        else:
            # Disable OOBE culling.

            for cam in base.camList:
                cam.node().setCullCenter(NodePath())
            self.oobeCullFrustum.removeNode()
            self.oobeCullFrustum = None

            if self.oobeCullFrustumVis != None:
                self.oobeCullFrustumVis.removeNode()
                self.oobeCullFrustumVis = None

    def showCameraFrustum(self):
        # Create a visible representation of the frustum.
        self.removeCameraFrustum()
        geom = self.camLens.makeGeometry()
        if geom != None:
            gn = GeomNode('frustum')
            gn.addGeom(geom)
            self.camFrustumVis = self.camera.attachNewNode(gn)

    def removeCameraFrustum(self):
        if self.camFrustumVis:
            self.camFrustumVis.removeNode()

    def screenshot(self, namePrefix = 'screenshot',
                   defaultFilename = 1, source = None,
                   imageComment=""):
        """ Captures a screenshot from the main window or from the
        specified window or Texture and writes it to a filename in the
        current directory (or to a specified directory).

        If defaultFilename is True, the filename is synthesized by
        appending namePrefix to a default filename suffix (including
        the filename extension) specified in the Config variable
        screenshot-filename.  Otherwise, if defaultFilename is False,
        the entire namePrefix is taken to be the filename to write,
        and this string should include a suitable filename extension
        that will be used to determine the type of image file to
        write.

        Normally, the source is a GraphicsWindow, GraphicsBuffer or
        DisplayRegion.  If a Texture is supplied instead, it must have
        a ram image (that is, if it was generated by
        makeTextureBuffer() or makeCubeMap(), the parameter toRam
        should have been set true).  If it is a cube map texture as
        generated by makeCubeMap(), namePrefix should contain the hash
        mark ('#') character.

        The return value is the filename if successful, or None if
        there is a problem.
        """

        if source == None:
            source = self.win

        if defaultFilename:
            filename = GraphicsOutput.makeScreenshotFilename(namePrefix)
        else:
            filename = Filename(namePrefix)

        if isinstance(source, Texture):
            if source.getZSize() > 1:
                saved = source.write(filename, 0, 0, 1, 0)
            else:
                saved = source.write(filename)
        else:
            saved = source.saveScreenshot(filename, imageComment)

        if saved:
            # Announce to anybody that a screenshot has been taken
            messenger.send('screenshot', [filename])
            return filename

        return None

    def saveCubeMap(self, namePrefix = 'cube_map_#.png',
                    defaultFilename = 0, source = None,
                    camera = None, size = 128,
                    cameraMask = PandaNode.getAllCameraMask()):

        """
        Similar to screenshot(), this sets up a temporary cube map
        Texture which it uses to take a series of six snapshots of the
        current scene, one in each of the six cube map directions.
        This requires rendering a new frame.

        Unlike screenshot(), source may only be a GraphicsWindow,
        GraphicsBuffer, or DisplayRegion; it may not be a Texture.

        camera should be the node to which the cubemap cameras will be
        parented.  The default is the camera associated with source,
        if source is a DisplayRegion, or base.camera otherwise.

        The return value is the filename if successful, or None if
        there is a problem.
        """

        if source == None:
            source = base.win

        if camera == None:
            if hasattr(source, "getCamera"):
                camera = source.getCamera()
            if camera == None:
                camera = base.camera

        if hasattr(source, "getWindow"):
            source = source.getWindow()

        rig = NodePath(namePrefix)
        buffer = source.makeCubeMap(namePrefix, size, rig, cameraMask, 1)
        if buffer == None:
            raise StandardError, "Could not make cube map."

        # Set the near and far planes from the default lens.
        lens = rig.find('**/+Camera').node().getLens()
        lens.setNearFar(base.camLens.getNear(), base.camLens.getFar())

        # Now render a frame to fill up the texture.
        rig.reparentTo(camera)
        base.graphicsEngine.openWindows()
        base.graphicsEngine.renderFrame()

        tex = buffer.getTexture()
        saved = self.screenshot(namePrefix = namePrefix,
                                defaultFilename = defaultFilename,
                                source = tex)

        base.graphicsEngine.removeWindow(buffer)
        rig.removeNode()

        return saved

    def saveSphereMap(self, namePrefix = 'spheremap.png',
                      defaultFilename = 0, source = None,
                      camera = None, size = 256,
                      cameraMask = PandaNode.getAllCameraMask(),
                      numVertices = 1000):
        """
        This works much like saveCubeMap(), and uses the graphics
        API's hardware cube-mapping ability to get a 360-degree view
        of the world.  But then it converts the six cube map faces
        into a single fisheye texture, suitable for applying as a
        static environment map (sphere map).

        For eye-relative static environment maps, sphere maps are
        often preferable to cube maps because they require only a
        single texture and because they are supported on a broader
        range of hardware.

        The return value is the filename if successful, or None if
        there is a problem.
        """
        if source == None:
            source = base.win

        if camera == None:
            if hasattr(source, "getCamera"):
                camera = source.getCamera()
            if camera == None:
                camera = base.camera

        if hasattr(source, "getWindow"):
            source = source.getWindow()

        # First, make an offscreen buffer to convert the cube map to a
        # sphere map.  We make it first so we can guarantee the
        # rendering order for the cube map.
        toSphere = source.makeTextureBuffer(namePrefix, size, size,
                                            Texture(), 1)

        # Now make the cube map buffer.
        rig = NodePath(namePrefix)
        buffer = toSphere.makeCubeMap(namePrefix, size, rig, cameraMask, 0)
        if buffer == None:
            base.graphicsEngine.removeWindow(toSphere)
            raise StandardError, "Could not make cube map."

        # Set the near and far planes from the default lens.
        lens = rig.find('**/+Camera').node().getLens()
        lens.setNearFar(base.camLens.getNear(), base.camLens.getFar())

        # Set up the scene to convert the cube map.  It's just a
        # simple scene, with only the FisheyeMaker object in it.
        dr = toSphere.makeMonoDisplayRegion()
        camNode = Camera('camNode')
        lens = OrthographicLens()
        lens.setFilmSize(2, 2)
        lens.setNearFar(-1000, 1000)
        camNode.setLens(lens)
        root = NodePath('buffer')
        cam = root.attachNewNode(camNode)
        dr.setCamera(cam)

        fm = FisheyeMaker('card')
        fm.setNumVertices(numVertices)
        fm.setSquareInscribed(1, 1.1)
        fm.setReflection(1)
        card = root.attachNewNode(fm.generate())
        card.setTexture(buffer.getTexture())

        # Now render a frame.  This will render out the cube map and
        # then apply it to the the card in the toSphere buffer.
        rig.reparentTo(camera)
        base.graphicsEngine.openWindows()
        base.graphicsEngine.renderFrame()

        # One more frame for luck.
        base.graphicsEngine.renderFrame()

        saved = self.screenshot(namePrefix = namePrefix,
                                defaultFilename = defaultFilename,
                                source = toSphere.getTexture())

        base.graphicsEngine.removeWindow(buffer)
        base.graphicsEngine.removeWindow(toSphere)
        rig.removeNode()

        return saved

    def movie(self, namePrefix = 'movie', duration = 1.0, fps = 30,
              format = 'png', sd = 4, source = None):
        """
        Spawn a task to capture a movie using the screenshot function.
        - namePrefix will be used to form output file names (can include
          path information (e.g. '/i/beta/frames/myMovie')
        - duration is the length of the movie in seconds
        - fps is the frame rate of the resulting movie
        - format specifies output file format (e.g. png, bmp)
        - sd specifies number of significant digits for frame count in the
          output file name (e.g. if sd = 4, movie_0001.png)
        - source is the Window, Buffer, DisplayRegion, or Texture from which
          to save the resulting images.  The default is the main window.
        """
        globalClock.setMode(ClockObject.MNonRealTime)
        globalClock.setDt(1.0/float(fps))
        t = taskMgr.add(self._movieTask, namePrefix + '_task')
        t.frameIndex = 0  # Frame 0 is not captured.
        t.numFrames = int(duration * fps)
        t.source = source
        t.outputString = namePrefix + '_%0' + `sd` + 'd.' + format
        t.setUponDeath(lambda state: globalClock.setMode(ClockObject.MNormal))

    def _movieTask(self, state):
        if state.frameIndex != 0:
            frameName = state.outputString % state.frameIndex
            self.notify.info("Capturing frame: " + frameName)
            self.screenshot(namePrefix = frameName, defaultFilename = 0,
                            source = state.source)

        state.frameIndex += 1
        if state.frameIndex > state.numFrames:
            return Task.done
        else:
            return Task.cont

    def __windowEvent(self, win):
        if win == self.win:
            properties = win.getProperties()
            self.notify.info("Got window event: %s" % (repr(properties)))
            if not properties.getOpen():
                # If the user closes the main window, we should exit.
                self.notify.info("User closed main window.")
                if __dev__ and (not config.GetBool('disable-garbage-logging', 1)):
                    GarbageReport.b_checkForGarbageLeaks()
                self.userExit()

            if properties.getForeground() and not self.mainWinForeground:
                self.mainWinForeground = 1
            elif not properties.getForeground() and self.mainWinForeground:
                self.mainWinForeground = 0
                if __dev__ and (not config.GetBool('disable-garbage-logging', 1)):
                    GarbageReport.b_checkForGarbageLeaks()

            if properties.getMinimized() and not self.mainWinMinimized:
                # If the main window is minimized, throw an event to
                # stop the music.
                self.mainWinMinimized = 1
                messenger.send('PandaPaused')
            elif not properties.getMinimized() and self.mainWinMinimized:
                # If the main window is restored, throw an event to
                # restart the music.
                self.mainWinMinimized = 0
                messenger.send('PandaRestarted')

            # If we have not forced the aspect ratio, let's see if it has
            # changed and update the camera lenses and aspect2d parameters
            if not self.__configAspectRatio:
                aspectRatio = self.getAspectRatio()
                if aspectRatio != self.__oldAspectRatio:
                    self.__oldAspectRatio = aspectRatio
                    # Fix up some anything that depends on the aspectRatio
                    self.camLens.setAspectRatio(aspectRatio)
                    if aspectRatio < 1:
                        # If the window is TALL, lets expand the top and bottom
                        self.aspect2d.setScale(1.0, 1.0, aspectRatio)
                        self.a2dTop = 1.0 / aspectRatio
                        self.a2dBottom = - 1.0 / aspectRatio
                        self.a2dLeft = -1
                        self.a2dRight = 1.0
                        # Don't forget 2dp
                        self.aspect2dp.setScale(1.0, 1.0, aspectRatio)
                        self.a2dpTop = 1.0 / aspectRatio
                        self.a2dpBottom = - 1.0 / aspectRatio
                        self.a2dpLeft = -1
                        self.a2dpRight = 1.0

                    else:
                        # If the window is WIDE, lets expand the left and right
                        self.aspect2d.setScale(1.0 / aspectRatio, 1.0, 1.0)
                        self.a2dTop = 1.0
                        self.a2dBottom = -1.0
                        self.a2dLeft = -aspectRatio
                        self.a2dRight = aspectRatio
                        # Don't forget 2dp
                        self.aspect2dp.setScale(1.0 / aspectRatio, 1.0, 1.0)
                        self.a2dpTop = 1.0
                        self.a2dpBottom = -1.0
                        self.a2dpLeft = -aspectRatio
                        self.a2dpRight = aspectRatio                        

                    # Reposition the aspect2d marker nodes
                    self.a2dTopCenter.setPos(0, 0, self.a2dTop)
                    self.a2dBottomCenter.setPos(0, 0, self.a2dBottom)
                    self.a2dLeftCenter.setPos(self.a2dLeft, 0, 0)
                    self.a2dRightCenter.setPos(self.a2dRight, 0, 0)                    
                    self.a2dTopLeft.setPos(self.a2dLeft, 0, self.a2dTop)
                    self.a2dTopRight.setPos(self.a2dRight, 0, self.a2dTop)
                    self.a2dBottomLeft.setPos(self.a2dLeft, 0, self.a2dBottom)
                    self.a2dBottomRight.setPos(self.a2dRight, 0, self.a2dBottom)

                    # Reposition the aspect2dp marker nodes
                    self.a2dpTopCenter.setPos(0, 0, self.a2dpTop)
                    self.a2dpBottomCenter.setPos(0, 0, self.a2dpBottom)
                    self.a2dpLeftCenter.setPos(self.a2dpLeft, 0, 0)
                    self.a2dpRightCenter.setPos(self.a2dpRight, 0, 0)                  
                    self.a2dpTopLeft.setPos(self.a2dpLeft, 0, self.a2dpTop)
                    self.a2dpTopRight.setPos(self.a2dpRight, 0, self.a2dpTop)
                    self.a2dpBottomLeft.setPos(self.a2dpLeft, 0, self.a2dpBottom)
                    self.a2dpBottomRight.setPos(self.a2dpRight, 0, self.a2dpBottom)
                    
                    # If anybody needs to update their GUI, put a callback on this event
                    messenger.send("aspectRatioChanged")

    def userExit(self):
        # The user has requested we exit the program.  Deal with this.
        if self.exitFunc:
            self.exitFunc()
        self.notify.info("Exiting ShowBase.")
        self.finalizeExit()

    def finalizeExit(self):
        sys.exit()

    # [gjeon] start wxPyhton
    def startWx(self, fWantWx = 1):
        self.wantWx = fWantWx
        if self.wantWx:
            import WxGlobal
            taskMgr.remove('wxLoop')
            WxGlobal.spawnWxLoop()

    def startTk(self, fWantTk = 1):
        self.wantTk = fWantTk
        if self.wantTk:
            import TkGlobal
            taskMgr.remove('tkLoop')
            TkGlobal.spawnTkLoop()

    def startDirect(self, fWantDirect = 1, fWantTk = 1, fWantWx = 0):
        self.startTk(fWantTk)
        self.startWx(fWantWx)
        self.wantDirect = fWantDirect
        if self.wantDirect:
            from direct.directtools import DirectSession
            base.direct.enable()
        else:
            __builtin__.direct = self.direct = None

    def __doStartDirect(self):
        if self.__directStarted:
            return
        self.__directStarted = False
        
        # Start Tk, Wx and DIRECT if specified by Config.prc
        fTk = self.config.GetBool('want-tk', 0)
        fWx = self.config.GetBool('want-wx', 0)
        # Start DIRECT if specified in Config.prc or in cluster mode
        fDirect = (self.config.GetBool('want-directtools', 0) or
                   (self.config.GetString("cluster-mode", '') != ''))
        # Set fWantTk to 0 to avoid starting Tk with this call
        self.startDirect(fWantDirect = fDirect, fWantTk = fTk, fWantWx = fWx)

    def run(self):
        self.taskMgr.run()


# A class to encapsulate information necessary for multiwindow support.
class WindowControls:
    def __init__(
            self, win, cam=None, cam2d=None, mouseWatcher=None,
            mouseKeyboard=None, closeCmd=lambda: 0):
        self.win = win
        self.camera = cam
        self.camera2d = cam2d
        self.mouseWatcher = mouseWatcher
        self.mouseKeyboard = mouseKeyboard
        self.closeCommand = closeCmd

    def __str__(self):
        s = "window = " + str(self.win) + "\n"
        s += "camera = " + str(self.camera) + "\n"
        s += "camera2d = " + str(self.camera2d) + "\n"
        s += "mouseWatcher = " + str(self.mouseWatcher) + "\n"
        s += "mouseAndKeyboard = " + str(self.mouseKeyboard) + "\n"
        return s