squilu/gumbo/tokenizer.c

// Copyright 2010 Google Inc. All Rights Reserved.
//
// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
// You may obtain a copy of the License at
//
//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
//
// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
// limitations under the License.
//
// Author: [email protected] (Jonathan Tang)
//
// Coding conventions specific to this file:
//
// 1. Functions that fill in a token should be named emit_*, and should be
// followed immediately by a return from the tokenizer (true if no error
// occurred, false if an error occurred).  Sometimes the emit functions
// themselves return a boolean so that they can be combined with the return
// statement; in this case, they should match this convention.
// 2. Functions that shuffle data from temporaries to final API structures
// should be named finish_*, and be called just before the tokenizer exits the
// state that accumulates the temporary.
// 3. All internal data structures should be kept in an initialized state from
// tokenizer creation onwards, ready to accept input.  When a buffer's flushed
// and reset, it should be deallocated and immediately reinitialized.
// 4. Make sure there are appropriate break statements following each state.
// 5. Assertions on the state of the temporary and tag buffers are usually a
// good idea, and should go at the entry point of each state when added.
// 6. Statement order within states goes:
//    1. Add parse errors, if appropriate.
//    2. Call finish_* functions to build up tag state.
//    2. Switch to new state.  Set _reconsume flag if appropriate.
//    3. Perform any other temporary buffer manipulation.
//    4. Emit tokens
//    5. Return/break.
// This order ensures that we can verify that every emit is followed by a
// return, ensures that the correct state is recorded with any parse errors, and
// prevents parse error position from being messed up by possible mark/resets in
// temporary buffer manipulation.


#include "tokenizer.h"

#include <assert.h>
#include <stdbool.h>
#include <string.h>

#include "attribute.h"
#include "char_ref.h"
#include "error.h"
#include "gumbo.h"
#include "parser.h"
#include "string_buffer.h"
#include "string_piece.h"
#include "token_type.h"
#include "tokenizer_states.h"
#include "utf8.h"
#include "util.h"
#include "vector.h"

// Compared against _script_data_buffer to determine if we're in double-escaped
// script mode.
const GumboStringPiece kScriptTag = { "script", 6 };

// An enum for the return value of each individual state.
typedef enum {
  RETURN_ERROR,         // Return false (error) from the tokenizer.
  RETURN_SUCCESS,       // Return true (success) from the tokenizer.
  NEXT_CHAR             // Proceed to the next character and continue lexing.
} StateResult;

// This is a struct containing state necessary to build up a tag token,
// character by character.
typedef struct GumboInternalTagState {
  // A buffer to accumulate characters for various GumboStringPiece fields.
  GumboStringBuffer _buffer;

  // A pointer to the start of the original text corresponding to the contents
  // of the buffer.
  const char* _original_text;

  // The current tag enum, computed once the tag name state has finished so that
  // the buffer can be re-used for building up attributes.
  GumboTag _tag;

  // The starting location of the text in the buffer.
  GumboSourcePosition _start_pos;

  // The current list of attributes.  This is copied (and ownership of its data
  // transferred) to the GumboStartTag token upon completion of the tag.  New
  // attributes are added as soon as their attribute name state is complete, and
  // values are filled in by operating on _attributes.data[attributes.length-1].
  GumboVector /* GumboAttribute */ _attributes;

  // If true, the next attribute value to be finished should be dropped.  This
  // happens if a duplicate attribute name is encountered - we want to consume
  // the attribute value, but shouldn't overwrite the existing value.
  bool _drop_next_attr_value;

  // The state that caused the tokenizer to switch into a character reference in
  // attribute value state.  This is used to set the additional allowed
  // character, and is switched back to on completion.  Initialized as the
  // tokenizer enters the character reference state.
  GumboTokenizerEnum _attr_value_state;

  // The last start tag to have been emitted by the tokenizer.  This is
  // necessary to check for appropriate end tags.
  GumboTag _last_start_tag;

  // If true, then this is a start tag.  If false, it's an end tag.  This is
  // necessary to generate the appropriate token type at tag-closing time.
  bool _is_start_tag;

  // If true, then this tag is "self-closing" and doesn't have an end tag.
  bool _is_self_closing;
} GumboTagState;

// This is the main tokenizer state struct, containing all state used by in
// tokenizing the input stream.
typedef struct GumboInternalTokenizerState {
  // The current lexer state.  Starts in GUMBO_LEX_DATA.
  GumboTokenizerEnum _state;

  // A flag indicating whether the current input character needs to reconsumed
  // in another state, or whether the next input character should be read for
  // the next iteration of the state loop.  This is set when the spec reads
  // "Reconsume the current input character in..."
  bool _reconsume_current_input;

  // A flag indicating whether the current node is a foreign element.  This is
  // set by gumbo_tokenizer_set_is_current_node_foreign and checked in the
  // markup declaration state.
  bool _is_current_node_foreign;

  // Certain states (notably character references) may emit two character tokens
  // at once, but the contract for lex() fills in only one token at a time.  The
  // extra character is buffered here, and then this is checked on entry to
  // lex().  If a character is stored here, it's immediately emitted and control
  // returns from the lexer.  kGumboNoChar is used to represent 'no character
  // stored.'
  //
  // Note that characters emitted through this mechanism will have their source
  // position marked as the character under the mark, i.e. multiple characters
  // may be emitted with the same position.  This is desirable for character
  // references, but unsuitable for many other cases.  Use the _temporary_buffer
  // mechanism if the buffered characters must have their original positions in
  // the document.
  int _buffered_emit_char;

  // A temporary buffer to accumulate characters, as described by the "temporary
  // buffer" phrase in the tokenizer spec.  We use this in a somewhat unorthodox
  // way: we record the specific character to go into the buffer, which may
  // sometimes be a lowercased version of the actual input character.  However,
  // we *also* use utf8iterator_mark() to record the position at tag start.
  // When we start flushing the temporary buffer, we set _temporary_buffer_emit
  // to the start of it, and then increment it for each call to the tokenizer.
  // We also call utf8iterator_reset(), and utf8iterator_next() through the
  // input stream, so that tokens emitted by emit_char have the correct position
  // and original text.
  GumboStringBuffer _temporary_buffer;

  // The current cursor position we're emitting from within
  // _temporary_buffer.data.  NULL whenever we're not flushing the buffer.
  const char* _temporary_buffer_emit;

  // The temporary buffer is also used by the spec to check whether we should
  // enter the script data double escaped state, but we can't use the same
  // buffer for both because we have to flush out "<s" as emits while still
  // maintaining the context that will eventually become "script".  This is a
  // separate buffer that's used in place of the temporary buffer for states
  // that may enter the script data double escape start state.
  GumboStringBuffer _script_data_buffer;

  // Pointer to the beginning of the current token in the original buffer; used
  // to record the original text.
  const char* _token_start;

  // GumboSourcePosition recording the source location of the start of the
  // current token.
  GumboSourcePosition _token_start_pos;

  // Current tag state.
  GumboTagState _tag_state;

  // Doctype state.  We use the temporary buffer to accumulate characters (it's
  // not used for anything else in the doctype states), and then freshly
  // allocate the strings in the doctype token, then copy it over on emit.
  GumboTokenDocType _doc_type_state;

  // The UTF8Iterator over the tokenizer input.
  Utf8Iterator _input;
} GumboTokenizerState;

// Adds an ERR_UNEXPECTED_CODE_POINT parse error to the parser's error struct.
static void add_parse_error(GumboParser* parser, GumboErrorType type) {
  GumboError* error = gumbo_add_error(parser);
  if (!error) {
    return;
  }
  GumboTokenizerState* tokenizer = parser->_tokenizer_state;
  utf8iterator_get_position(&tokenizer->_input, &error->position);
  error->original_text = utf8iterator_get_char_pointer(&tokenizer->_input);
  error->type = type;
  error->v.tokenizer.codepoint = utf8iterator_current(&tokenizer->_input);
  switch (tokenizer->_state) {
    case GUMBO_LEX_DATA:
      error->v.tokenizer.state = GUMBO_ERR_TOKENIZER_DATA;
      break;
    case GUMBO_LEX_CHAR_REF_IN_DATA:
    case GUMBO_LEX_CHAR_REF_IN_RCDATA:
    case GUMBO_LEX_CHAR_REF_IN_ATTR_VALUE:
      error->v.tokenizer.state = GUMBO_ERR_TOKENIZER_CHAR_REF;
      break;
    case GUMBO_LEX_RCDATA:
    case GUMBO_LEX_RCDATA_LT:
    case GUMBO_LEX_RCDATA_END_TAG_OPEN:
    case GUMBO_LEX_RCDATA_END_TAG_NAME:
      error->v.tokenizer.state = GUMBO_ERR_TOKENIZER_RCDATA;
      break;
    case GUMBO_LEX_RAWTEXT:
    case GUMBO_LEX_RAWTEXT_LT:
    case GUMBO_LEX_RAWTEXT_END_TAG_OPEN:
    case GUMBO_LEX_RAWTEXT_END_TAG_NAME:
      error->v.tokenizer.state = GUMBO_ERR_TOKENIZER_RAWTEXT;
      break;
    case GUMBO_LEX_PLAINTEXT:
      error->v.tokenizer.state = GUMBO_ERR_TOKENIZER_PLAINTEXT;
      break;
    case GUMBO_LEX_SCRIPT:
    case GUMBO_LEX_SCRIPT_LT:
    case GUMBO_LEX_SCRIPT_END_TAG_OPEN:
    case GUMBO_LEX_SCRIPT_END_TAG_NAME:
    case GUMBO_LEX_SCRIPT_ESCAPED_START:
    case GUMBO_LEX_SCRIPT_ESCAPED_START_DASH:
    case GUMBO_LEX_SCRIPT_ESCAPED:
    case GUMBO_LEX_SCRIPT_ESCAPED_DASH:
    case GUMBO_LEX_SCRIPT_ESCAPED_DASH_DASH:
    case GUMBO_LEX_SCRIPT_ESCAPED_LT:
    case GUMBO_LEX_SCRIPT_ESCAPED_END_TAG_OPEN:
    case GUMBO_LEX_SCRIPT_ESCAPED_END_TAG_NAME:
    case GUMBO_LEX_SCRIPT_DOUBLE_ESCAPED_START:
    case GUMBO_LEX_SCRIPT_DOUBLE_ESCAPED:
    case GUMBO_LEX_SCRIPT_DOUBLE_ESCAPED_DASH:
    case GUMBO_LEX_SCRIPT_DOUBLE_ESCAPED_DASH_DASH:
    case GUMBO_LEX_SCRIPT_DOUBLE_ESCAPED_LT:
    case GUMBO_LEX_SCRIPT_DOUBLE_ESCAPED_END:
      error->v.tokenizer.state = GUMBO_ERR_TOKENIZER_SCRIPT;
      break;
    case GUMBO_LEX_TAG_OPEN:
    case GUMBO_LEX_END_TAG_OPEN:
    case GUMBO_LEX_TAG_NAME:
    case GUMBO_LEX_BEFORE_ATTR_NAME:
      error->v.tokenizer.state = GUMBO_ERR_TOKENIZER_TAG;
      break;
    case GUMBO_LEX_SELF_CLOSING_START_TAG:
      error->v.tokenizer.state = GUMBO_ERR_TOKENIZER_SELF_CLOSING_TAG;
      break;
    case GUMBO_LEX_ATTR_NAME:
    case GUMBO_LEX_AFTER_ATTR_NAME:
    case GUMBO_LEX_BEFORE_ATTR_VALUE:
      error->v.tokenizer.state = GUMBO_ERR_TOKENIZER_ATTR_NAME;
      break;
    case GUMBO_LEX_ATTR_VALUE_DOUBLE_QUOTED:
    case GUMBO_LEX_ATTR_VALUE_SINGLE_QUOTED:
    case GUMBO_LEX_ATTR_VALUE_UNQUOTED:
    case GUMBO_LEX_AFTER_ATTR_VALUE_QUOTED:
      error->v.tokenizer.state = GUMBO_ERR_TOKENIZER_ATTR_VALUE;
      break;
    case GUMBO_LEX_BOGUS_COMMENT:
    case GUMBO_LEX_COMMENT_START:
    case GUMBO_LEX_COMMENT_START_DASH:
    case GUMBO_LEX_COMMENT:
    case GUMBO_LEX_COMMENT_END_DASH:
    case GUMBO_LEX_COMMENT_END:
    case GUMBO_LEX_COMMENT_END_BANG:
      error->v.tokenizer.state = GUMBO_ERR_TOKENIZER_COMMENT;
      break;
    case GUMBO_LEX_MARKUP_DECLARATION:
    case GUMBO_LEX_DOCTYPE:
    case GUMBO_LEX_BEFORE_DOCTYPE_NAME:
    case GUMBO_LEX_DOCTYPE_NAME:
    case GUMBO_LEX_AFTER_DOCTYPE_NAME:
    case GUMBO_LEX_AFTER_DOCTYPE_PUBLIC_KEYWORD:
    case GUMBO_LEX_BEFORE_DOCTYPE_PUBLIC_ID:
    case GUMBO_LEX_DOCTYPE_PUBLIC_ID_DOUBLE_QUOTED:
    case GUMBO_LEX_DOCTYPE_PUBLIC_ID_SINGLE_QUOTED:
    case GUMBO_LEX_AFTER_DOCTYPE_PUBLIC_ID:
    case GUMBO_LEX_BETWEEN_DOCTYPE_PUBLIC_SYSTEM_ID:
    case GUMBO_LEX_AFTER_DOCTYPE_SYSTEM_KEYWORD:
    case GUMBO_LEX_BEFORE_DOCTYPE_SYSTEM_ID:
    case GUMBO_LEX_DOCTYPE_SYSTEM_ID_DOUBLE_QUOTED:
    case GUMBO_LEX_DOCTYPE_SYSTEM_ID_SINGLE_QUOTED:
    case GUMBO_LEX_AFTER_DOCTYPE_SYSTEM_ID:
    case GUMBO_LEX_BOGUS_DOCTYPE:
      error->v.tokenizer.state = GUMBO_ERR_TOKENIZER_DOCTYPE;
      break;
    case GUMBO_LEX_CDATA:
      error->v.tokenizer.state = GUMBO_ERR_TOKENIZER_CDATA;
      break;
  }
}

static bool is_alpha(int c) {
  // We don't use ISO C isupper/islower functions here because they
  // depend upon the program's locale, while the behavior of the HTML5 spec is
  // independent of which locale the program is run in.
  return (c >= 'A' && c <= 'Z') || (c >= 'a' && c <= 'z');
}

static int ensure_lowercase(int c) {
  return c >= 'A' && c <= 'Z' ? c + 0x20 : c;
}

static GumboTokenType get_char_token_type(int c) {
  switch (c) {
    case '\t':
    case '\n':
    case '\r':
    case '\f':
    case ' ':
      return GUMBO_TOKEN_WHITESPACE;
    case 0:
      gumbo_debug("Emitted null byte.\n");
      return GUMBO_TOKEN_NULL;
    case -1:
      return GUMBO_TOKEN_EOF;
    default:
      return GUMBO_TOKEN_CHARACTER;
  }
}

// Starts recording characters in the temporary buffer.
// Because this needs to reset the utf8iterator_mark to the beginning of the
// text that will eventually be emitted, it needs to be called a couple of
// states before the spec says "Set the temporary buffer to the empty string".
// In general, this should be called whenever there's a transition to a
// "less-than sign state".  The initial < and possibly / then need to be
// appended to the temporary buffer, their presence needs to be accounted for in
// states that compare the temporary buffer against a literal value, and
// spec stanzas that say "emit a < and / character token along with a character
// token for each character in the temporary buffer" need to be adjusted to
// account for the presence of the < and / inside the temporary buffer.
static void clear_temporary_buffer(GumboParser* parser) {
  GumboTokenizerState* tokenizer = parser->_tokenizer_state;
  assert(!tokenizer->_temporary_buffer_emit);
  utf8iterator_mark(&tokenizer->_input);
  gumbo_string_buffer_destroy(parser, &tokenizer->_temporary_buffer);
  gumbo_string_buffer_init(parser, &tokenizer->_temporary_buffer);
  // The temporary buffer and script data buffer are the same object in the
  // spec, so the script data buffer should be cleared as well.
  gumbo_string_buffer_destroy(parser, &tokenizer->_script_data_buffer);
  gumbo_string_buffer_init(parser, &tokenizer->_script_data_buffer);
}

// Appends a codepoint to the temporary buffer.
static void append_char_to_temporary_buffer(
    GumboParser* parser, int codepoint) {
  gumbo_string_buffer_append_codepoint(
      parser, codepoint, &parser->_tokenizer_state->_temporary_buffer);
}

// Checks to see if the temporary buffer equals a certain string.
// Make sure this remains side-effect free; it's used in assertions.
#ifndef NDEBUG
static bool temporary_buffer_equals(
    GumboParser* parser, const char* text) {
  GumboStringBuffer* buffer = &parser->_tokenizer_state->_temporary_buffer;
  // TODO(jdtang): See if the extra strlen is a performance problem, and replace
  // it with an explicit sizeof(literal) if necessary.  I don't think it will
  // be, as this is only used in a couple of rare states.
  int text_len = strlen(text);
  return text_len == buffer->length &&
      memcmp(buffer->data, text, text_len) == 0;
}
#endif

static void doc_type_state_init(GumboParser* parser) {
  GumboTokenDocType* doc_type_state =
      &parser->_tokenizer_state->_doc_type_state;
  // We initialize these to NULL here so that we don't end up leaking memory if
  // we never see a doctype token.  When we do see a doctype token, we reset
  // them to a freshly-allocated empty string so that we can present a uniform
  // interface to client code and not make them check for null.  Ownership is
  // transferred to the doctype token when it's emitted.
  doc_type_state->name = NULL;
  doc_type_state->public_identifier = NULL;
  doc_type_state->system_identifier = NULL;
  doc_type_state->force_quirks = false;
  doc_type_state->has_public_identifier = false;
  doc_type_state->has_system_identifier = false;
}

// Sets the token original_text and position to the current iterator position.
// This is necessary because [CDATA[ sections may include text that is ignored
// by the tokenizer.
static void reset_token_start_point(GumboTokenizerState* tokenizer) {
  tokenizer->_token_start = utf8iterator_get_char_pointer(&tokenizer->_input);
  utf8iterator_get_position(&tokenizer->_input, &tokenizer->_token_start_pos);
}

// Sets the tag buffer original text and start point to the current iterator
// position.  This is necessary because attribute names & values may have
// whitespace preceeding them, and so we can't assume that the actual token
// starting point was the end of the last tag buffer usage.
static void reset_tag_buffer_start_point(GumboParser* parser) {
  GumboTokenizerState* tokenizer = parser->_tokenizer_state;
  GumboTagState* tag_state = &tokenizer->_tag_state;

  utf8iterator_get_position(&tokenizer->_input, &tag_state->_start_pos);
  tag_state->_original_text = utf8iterator_get_char_pointer(&tokenizer->_input);
}

// Moves the temporary buffer contents over to the specified output string,
// and clears the temporary buffer.
static void finish_temporary_buffer(GumboParser* parser, const char** output) {
  GumboTokenizerState* tokenizer = parser->_tokenizer_state;
  *output =
      gumbo_string_buffer_to_string(parser, &tokenizer->_temporary_buffer);
  clear_temporary_buffer(parser);
}

// Advances the iterator past the end of the token, and then fills in the
// relevant position fields.  It's assumed that after every emit, the tokenizer
// will immediately return (letting the tree-construction stage read the filled
// in Token).  Thus, it's safe to advance the input stream here, since it will
// bypass the advance at the bottom of the state machine loop.
//
// Since this advances the iterator and resets the current input, make sure to
// call it after you've recorded any other data you need for the token.
static void finish_token(GumboParser* parser, GumboToken* token) {
  GumboTokenizerState* tokenizer = parser->_tokenizer_state;
  if (!tokenizer->_reconsume_current_input) {
    utf8iterator_next(&tokenizer->_input);
  }

  token->position = tokenizer->_token_start_pos;
  token->original_text.data = tokenizer->_token_start;
  reset_token_start_point(tokenizer);
  token->original_text.length =
      tokenizer->_token_start - token->original_text.data;
  if (token->original_text.length > 0 &&
      token->original_text.data[token->original_text.length - 1] == '\r') {
    // The UTF8 iterator will ignore carriage returns in the input stream, which
    // means that the next token may start one past a \r character.  The pointer
    // arithmetic above results in that \r being appended to the original text
    // of the preceding token, so we have to adjust its length here to chop the
    // \r off.
    --token->original_text.length;
  }
}

// Records the doctype public ID, assumed to be in the temporary buffer.
// Convenience method that also sets has_public_identifier to true.
static void finish_doctype_public_id(GumboParser* parser) {
  GumboTokenDocType* doc_type_state =
      &parser->_tokenizer_state->_doc_type_state;
  gumbo_parser_deallocate(parser, (void*) doc_type_state->public_identifier);
  finish_temporary_buffer(parser, &doc_type_state->public_identifier);
  doc_type_state->has_public_identifier = true;
}

// Records the doctype system ID, assumed to be in the temporary buffer.
// Convenience method that also sets has_system_identifier to true.
static void finish_doctype_system_id(GumboParser* parser) {
  GumboTokenDocType* doc_type_state =
      &parser->_tokenizer_state->_doc_type_state;
  gumbo_parser_deallocate(parser, (void*) doc_type_state->system_identifier);
  finish_temporary_buffer(parser, &doc_type_state->system_identifier);
  doc_type_state->has_system_identifier = true;
}

// Writes a single specified character to the output token.
static void emit_char(GumboParser* parser, int c, GumboToken* output) {
  output->type = get_char_token_type(c);
  output->v.character = c;
  finish_token(parser, output);
}

// Writes a replacement character token and records a parse error.
// Always returns RETURN_ERROR, per gumbo_lex return value.
static StateResult emit_replacement_char(
    GumboParser* parser, GumboToken* output) {
  // In all cases, this is because of a null byte in the input stream.
  add_parse_error(parser, GUMBO_ERR_UTF8_NULL);
  emit_char(parser, kUtf8ReplacementChar, output);
  return RETURN_ERROR;
}

// Writes an EOF character token.  Always returns RETURN_SUCCESS.
static StateResult emit_eof(GumboParser* parser, GumboToken* output) {
  emit_char(parser, -1, output);
  return RETURN_SUCCESS;
}

// Writes the current input character out as a character token.
// Always returns RETURN_SUCCESS.
static bool emit_current_char(GumboParser* parser, GumboToken* output) {
  emit_char(
      parser, utf8iterator_current(&parser->_tokenizer_state->_input), output);
  return RETURN_SUCCESS;
}

// Writes out a doctype token, copying it from the tokenizer state.
static void emit_doctype(GumboParser* parser, GumboToken* output) {
  output->type = GUMBO_TOKEN_DOCTYPE;
  output->v.doc_type = parser->_tokenizer_state->_doc_type_state;
  finish_token(parser, output);
  doc_type_state_init(parser);
}

// Debug-only function that explicitly sets the attribute vector data to NULL so
// it can be asserted on tag creation, verifying that there are no memory leaks.
static void mark_tag_state_as_empty(GumboTagState* tag_state) {
#ifndef NDEBUG
  tag_state->_attributes = kGumboEmptyVector;
#endif
}

// Writes out the current tag as a start or end tag token.
// Always returns RETURN_SUCCESS.
static StateResult emit_current_tag(GumboParser* parser, GumboToken* output) {
  GumboTagState* tag_state = &parser->_tokenizer_state->_tag_state;
  if (tag_state->_is_start_tag) {
    output->type = GUMBO_TOKEN_START_TAG;
    output->v.start_tag.tag = tag_state->_tag;
    output->v.start_tag.attributes = tag_state->_attributes;
    output->v.start_tag.is_self_closing = tag_state->_is_self_closing;
    tag_state->_last_start_tag = tag_state->_tag;
    mark_tag_state_as_empty(tag_state);
    gumbo_debug("Emitted start tag %s.\n",
               gumbo_normalized_tagname(tag_state->_tag));
  } else {
    output->type = GUMBO_TOKEN_END_TAG;
    output->v.end_tag = tag_state->_tag;
    // In end tags, ownership of the attributes vector is not transferred to the
    // token, but it's still initialized as normal, so it must be manually
    // deallocated.  There may also be attributes to destroy, in certain broken
    // cases like </div</th> (the "th" is an attribute there).
    for (int i = 0; i < tag_state->_attributes.length; ++i) {
      gumbo_destroy_attribute(parser, tag_state->_attributes.data[i]);
    }
    gumbo_parser_deallocate(parser, tag_state->_attributes.data);
    mark_tag_state_as_empty(tag_state);
    gumbo_debug("Emitted end tag %s.\n",
               gumbo_normalized_tagname(tag_state->_tag));
  }
  gumbo_string_buffer_destroy(parser, &tag_state->_buffer);
  finish_token(parser, output);
  gumbo_debug("Original text = %.*s.\n", output->original_text.length, output->original_text.data);
  assert(output->original_text.length >= 2);
  assert(output->original_text.data[0] == '<');
  assert(output->original_text.data[output->original_text.length - 1] == '>');
  return RETURN_SUCCESS;
}

// In some states, we speculatively start a tag, but don't know whether it'll be
// emitted as tag token or as a series of character tokens until we finish it.
// We need to abandon the tag we'd started & free its memory in that case to
// avoid a memory leak.
static void abandon_current_tag(GumboParser* parser) {
  GumboTagState* tag_state = &parser->_tokenizer_state->_tag_state;
  for (int i = 0; i < tag_state->_attributes.length; ++i) {
    gumbo_destroy_attribute(parser, tag_state->_attributes.data[i]);
  }
  gumbo_parser_deallocate(parser, tag_state->_attributes.data);
  mark_tag_state_as_empty(tag_state);
  gumbo_string_buffer_destroy(parser, &tag_state->_buffer);
  gumbo_debug("Abandoning current tag.\n");
}

// Wraps the consume_char_ref function to handle its output and make the
// appropriate TokenizerState modifications.  Returns RETURN_ERROR if a parse
// error occurred, RETURN_SUCCESS otherwise.
static StateResult emit_char_ref(
    GumboParser* parser, int additional_allowed_char,
    bool is_in_attribute, GumboToken* output) {
  GumboTokenizerState* tokenizer = parser->_tokenizer_state;
  OneOrTwoCodepoints char_ref;
  bool status = consume_char_ref(
      parser, &tokenizer->_input, additional_allowed_char, false, &char_ref);
  if (char_ref.first != kGumboNoChar) {
    // consume_char_ref ends with the iterator pointing at the next character,
    // so we need to be sure not advance it again before reading the next token.
    tokenizer->_reconsume_current_input = true;
    emit_char(parser, char_ref.first, output);
    tokenizer->_buffered_emit_char = char_ref.second;
  } else {
    emit_char(parser, '&', output);
  }
  return status ? RETURN_SUCCESS : RETURN_ERROR;
}

// Emits a comment token.  Comments use the temporary buffer to accumulate their
// data, and then it's copied over and released to the 'text' field of the
// GumboToken union.  Always returns RETURN_SUCCESS.
static StateResult emit_comment(GumboParser* parser, GumboToken* output) {
  output->type = GUMBO_TOKEN_COMMENT;
  finish_temporary_buffer(parser, &output->v.text);
  finish_token(parser, output);
  return RETURN_SUCCESS;
}

// Checks to see we should be flushing accumulated characters in the temporary
// buffer, and fills the output token with the next output character if so.
// Returns true if a character has been emitted and the tokenizer should
// immediately return, false if we're at the end of the temporary buffer and
// should resume normal operation.
static bool maybe_emit_from_temporary_buffer(
    GumboParser* parser, GumboToken* output) {
  GumboTokenizerState* tokenizer = parser->_tokenizer_state;
  const char* c = tokenizer->_temporary_buffer_emit;
  GumboStringBuffer* buffer = &tokenizer->_temporary_buffer;

  if (!c || c >= buffer->data + buffer->length) {
    tokenizer->_temporary_buffer_emit = NULL;
    return false;
  }

  assert(*c == utf8iterator_current(&tokenizer->_input));
  // emit_char also advances the input stream.  We need to do some juggling of
  // the _reconsume_current_input flag to get the proper behavior when emitting
  // previous tokens.  Basically, _reconsume_current_input should *never* be set
  // when emitting anything from the temporary buffer, since those characters
  // have already been advanced past.  However, it should be preserved so that
  // when the *next* character is encountered again, the tokenizer knows not to
  // advance past it.
  bool saved_reconsume_state = tokenizer->_reconsume_current_input;
  tokenizer->_reconsume_current_input = false;
  emit_char(parser, *c, output);
  ++tokenizer->_temporary_buffer_emit;
  tokenizer->_reconsume_current_input = saved_reconsume_state;
  return true;
}

// Sets up the tokenizer to begin flushing the temporary buffer.
// This resets the input iterator stream to the start of the last tag, sets up
// _temporary_buffer_emit, and then (if the temporary buffer is non-empty) emits
// the first character in it.  It returns true if a character was emitted, false
// otherwise.
static bool emit_temporary_buffer(
    GumboParser* parser, GumboToken* output) {
  GumboTokenizerState* tokenizer = parser->_tokenizer_state;
  assert(tokenizer->_temporary_buffer.data);
  utf8iterator_reset(&tokenizer->_input);
  tokenizer->_temporary_buffer_emit = tokenizer->_temporary_buffer.data;
  return maybe_emit_from_temporary_buffer(parser, output);
}

// Appends a codepoint to the current tag buffer.  If
// reinitilize_position_on_first is set, this also initializes the tag buffer
// start point; the only time you would *not* want to pass true for this
// parameter is if you want the original_text to include character (like an
// opening quote) that doesn't appear in the value.
static void append_char_to_tag_buffer(GumboParser* parser, int codepoint,
                                      bool reinitilize_position_on_first) {
  GumboStringBuffer* buffer = &parser->_tokenizer_state->_tag_state._buffer;
  if (buffer->length == 0 && reinitilize_position_on_first) {
    reset_tag_buffer_start_point(parser);
  }
  gumbo_string_buffer_append_codepoint(parser, codepoint, buffer);
}

// (Re-)initialize the tag buffer.  This also resets the original_text pointer
// and _start_pos field to point to the current position.
static void initialize_tag_buffer(GumboParser* parser) {
  GumboTokenizerState* tokenizer = parser->_tokenizer_state;
  GumboTagState* tag_state = &tokenizer->_tag_state;

  gumbo_string_buffer_init(parser, &tag_state->_buffer);
  reset_tag_buffer_start_point(parser);
}

// Initializes the tag_state to start a new tag, keeping track of the opening
// positions and original text.  Takes a boolean indicating whether this is a
// start or end tag.
static void start_new_tag(GumboParser* parser, bool is_start_tag) {
  GumboTokenizerState* tokenizer = parser->_tokenizer_state;
  GumboTagState* tag_state = &tokenizer->_tag_state;
  int c = utf8iterator_current(&tokenizer->_input);
  assert(is_alpha(c));
  c = ensure_lowercase(c);
  assert(is_alpha(c));

  initialize_tag_buffer(parser);
  gumbo_string_buffer_append_codepoint(parser, c, &tag_state->_buffer);

  assert(tag_state->_attributes.data == NULL);
  gumbo_vector_init(parser, 4, &tag_state->_attributes);
  tag_state->_drop_next_attr_value = false;
  tag_state->_is_start_tag = is_start_tag;
  tag_state->_is_self_closing = false;
  gumbo_debug("Starting new tag.\n");
}

// Fills in the specified char* with the contents of the tag buffer.
static void copy_over_tag_buffer(GumboParser* parser, const char** output) {
  GumboTokenizerState* tokenizer = parser->_tokenizer_state;
  GumboTagState* tag_state = &tokenizer->_tag_state;
  *output = gumbo_string_buffer_to_string(parser, &tag_state->_buffer);
}

// Fills in:
// * The original_text GumboStringPiece with the portion of the original
// buffer that corresponds to the tag buffer.
// * The start_pos GumboSourcePosition with the start position of the tag
// buffer.
// * The end_pos GumboSourcePosition with the current source position.
static void copy_over_original_tag_text(
    GumboParser* parser, GumboStringPiece* original_text,
    GumboSourcePosition* start_pos, GumboSourcePosition* end_pos) {
  GumboTokenizerState* tokenizer = parser->_tokenizer_state;
  GumboTagState* tag_state = &tokenizer->_tag_state;

  original_text->data = tag_state->_original_text;
  original_text->length =
      utf8iterator_get_char_pointer(&tokenizer->_input) -
      tag_state->_original_text;
  if (original_text->data[original_text->length - 1] == '\r') {
    // Since \r is skipped by the UTF-8 iterator, it can sometimes end up
    // appended to the end of original text even when it's really the first part
    // of the next character.  If we detect this situation, shrink the length of
    // the original text by 1 to remove the carriage return.
    --original_text->length;
  }
  *start_pos = tag_state->_start_pos;
  utf8iterator_get_position(&tokenizer->_input, end_pos);
}

// Releases and then re-initializes the tag buffer.
static void reinitialize_tag_buffer(GumboParser* parser) {
  gumbo_parser_deallocate(
      parser, parser->_tokenizer_state->_tag_state._buffer.data);
  initialize_tag_buffer(parser);
}

// Moves some data from the temporary buffer over the the tag-based fields in
// TagState.
static void finish_tag_name(GumboParser* parser) {
  GumboTokenizerState* tokenizer = parser->_tokenizer_state;
  GumboTagState* tag_state = &tokenizer->_tag_state;

  const char* temp;
  copy_over_tag_buffer(parser, &temp);
  tag_state->_tag = gumbo_tag_enum(temp);
  reinitialize_tag_buffer(parser);
  gumbo_parser_deallocate(parser, (void*) temp);
}

// Adds an ERR_DUPLICATE_ATTR parse error to the parser's error struct.
static void add_duplicate_attr_error(GumboParser* parser, const char* attr_name,
                                     int original_index, int new_index) {
  GumboError* error = gumbo_add_error(parser);
  if (!error) {
    return;
  }
  GumboTagState* tag_state = &parser->_tokenizer_state->_tag_state;
  error->type = GUMBO_ERR_DUPLICATE_ATTR;
  error->position = tag_state->_start_pos;
  error->original_text = tag_state->_original_text;
  error->v.duplicate_attr.original_index = original_index;
  error->v.duplicate_attr.new_index = new_index;
  copy_over_tag_buffer(parser, &error->v.duplicate_attr.name);
  reinitialize_tag_buffer(parser);
}

// Creates a new attribute in the current tag, copying the current tag buffer to
// the attribute's name.  The attribute's value starts out as the empty string
// (following the "Boolean attributes" section of the spec) and is only
// overwritten on finish_attribute_value().  If the attribute has already been
// specified, the new attribute is dropped, a parse error is added, and the
// function returns false.  Otherwise, this returns true.
static bool finish_attribute_name(GumboParser* parser) {
  GumboTokenizerState* tokenizer = parser->_tokenizer_state;
  GumboTagState* tag_state = &tokenizer->_tag_state;
  // May've been set by a previous attribute without a value; reset it here.
  tag_state->_drop_next_attr_value = false;
  assert(tag_state->_attributes.data);
  assert(tag_state->_attributes.capacity);

  GumboVector* /* GumboAttribute* */ attributes = &tag_state->_attributes;
  for (int i = 0; i < attributes->length; ++i) {
    GumboAttribute* attr = attributes->data[i];
    if (strlen(attr->name) == tag_state->_buffer.length &&
        memcmp(attr->name, tag_state->_buffer.data,
               tag_state->_buffer.length) == 0) {
      // Identical attribute; bail.
      add_duplicate_attr_error(
          parser, attr->name, i, attributes->length);
      tag_state->_drop_next_attr_value = true;
      return false;
    }
  }

  GumboAttribute* attr = gumbo_parser_allocate(parser, sizeof(GumboAttribute));
  attr->attr_namespace = GUMBO_ATTR_NAMESPACE_NONE;
  copy_over_tag_buffer(parser, &attr->name);
  copy_over_original_tag_text(parser, &attr->original_name,
                              &attr->name_start, &attr->name_end);
  attr->value = gumbo_copy_stringz(parser, "");
  copy_over_original_tag_text(parser, &attr->original_value,
                              &attr->name_start, &attr->name_end);
  gumbo_vector_add(parser, attr, attributes);
  reinitialize_tag_buffer(parser);
  return true;
}

// Finishes an attribute value.  This sets the value of the most recently added
// attribute to the current contents of the tag buffer.
static void finish_attribute_value(GumboParser* parser) {
  GumboTagState* tag_state = &parser->_tokenizer_state->_tag_state;
  if (tag_state->_drop_next_attr_value) {
    // Duplicate attribute name detected in an earlier state, so we have to
    // ignore the value.
    tag_state->_drop_next_attr_value = false;
    reinitialize_tag_buffer(parser);
    return;
  }

  GumboAttribute* attr =
      tag_state->_attributes.data[tag_state->_attributes.length - 1];
  gumbo_parser_deallocate(parser, (void*) attr->value);
  copy_over_tag_buffer(parser, &attr->value);
  copy_over_original_tag_text(parser, &attr->original_value,
                              &attr->value_start, &attr->value_end);
  reinitialize_tag_buffer(parser);
}

// Returns true if the current end tag matches the last start tag emitted.
static bool is_appropriate_end_tag(GumboParser* parser) {
  GumboTagState* tag_state = &parser->_tokenizer_state->_tag_state;
  assert(!tag_state->_is_start_tag);
  // Null terminate the current string buffer, so it can be passed to
  // gumbo_tag_enum, but don't increment the length in case we need to dump the
  // buffer as character tokens.
  gumbo_string_buffer_append_codepoint(parser, '\0', &tag_state->_buffer);
  --tag_state->_buffer.length;
  return tag_state->_last_start_tag != GUMBO_TAG_LAST &&
      tag_state->_last_start_tag == gumbo_tag_enum(tag_state->_buffer.data);
}

void gumbo_tokenizer_state_init(
    GumboParser* parser, const char* text, size_t text_length) {
  GumboTokenizerState* tokenizer =
      gumbo_parser_allocate(parser, sizeof(GumboTokenizerState));
  parser->_tokenizer_state = tokenizer;
  gumbo_tokenizer_set_state(parser, GUMBO_LEX_DATA);
  tokenizer->_reconsume_current_input = false;
  tokenizer->_is_current_node_foreign = false;
  tokenizer->_tag_state._last_start_tag = GUMBO_TAG_LAST;

  tokenizer->_buffered_emit_char = kGumboNoChar;
  gumbo_string_buffer_init(parser, &tokenizer->_temporary_buffer);
  tokenizer->_temporary_buffer_emit = NULL;

  mark_tag_state_as_empty(&tokenizer->_tag_state);

  gumbo_string_buffer_init(parser, &tokenizer->_script_data_buffer);
  tokenizer->_token_start = text;
  utf8iterator_init(parser, text, text_length, &tokenizer->_input);
  utf8iterator_get_position(&tokenizer->_input, &tokenizer->_token_start_pos);
  doc_type_state_init(parser);
}

void gumbo_tokenizer_state_destroy(GumboParser* parser) {
  GumboTokenizerState* tokenizer = parser->_tokenizer_state;
  assert(tokenizer->_doc_type_state.name == NULL);
  assert(tokenizer->_doc_type_state.public_identifier == NULL);
  assert(tokenizer->_doc_type_state.system_identifier == NULL);
  gumbo_string_buffer_destroy(parser, &tokenizer->_temporary_buffer);
  gumbo_string_buffer_destroy(parser, &tokenizer->_script_data_buffer);
  gumbo_parser_deallocate(parser, tokenizer);
}

void gumbo_tokenizer_set_state(GumboParser* parser, GumboTokenizerEnum state) {
  parser->_tokenizer_state->_state = state;
}

void gumbo_tokenizer_set_is_current_node_foreign(
    GumboParser* parser, bool is_foreign) {
  if (is_foreign != parser->_tokenizer_state->_is_current_node_foreign) {
    gumbo_debug("Toggling is_current_node_foreign to %s.\n",
                is_foreign ? "true" : "false");
  }
  parser->_tokenizer_state->_is_current_node_foreign = is_foreign;
}

// http://www.whatwg.org/specs/web-apps/current-work/complete5/tokenization.html#data-state
static StateResult handle_data_state(
    GumboParser* parser, GumboTokenizerState* tokenizer,
    int c, GumboToken* output) {
  switch (c) {
    case '&':
      gumbo_tokenizer_set_state(parser, GUMBO_LEX_CHAR_REF_IN_DATA);
      // The char_ref machinery expects to be on the & so it can mark that
      // and return to it if the text isn't a char ref, so we need to
      // reconsume it.
      tokenizer->_reconsume_current_input = true;
      return NEXT_CHAR;
    case '<':
      gumbo_tokenizer_set_state(parser, GUMBO_LEX_TAG_OPEN);
      clear_temporary_buffer(parser);
      append_char_to_temporary_buffer(parser, '<');
      return NEXT_CHAR;
    case '\0':
      add_parse_error(parser, GUMBO_ERR_UTF8_NULL);
      emit_char(parser, c, output);
      return RETURN_ERROR;
    default:
      return emit_current_char(parser, output);
  }
}

// http://www.whatwg.org/specs/web-apps/current-work/complete5/tokenization.html#character-reference-in-data-state
static StateResult handle_char_ref_in_data_state(
    GumboParser* parser, GumboTokenizerState* tokenizer,
    int c, GumboToken* output) {
  gumbo_tokenizer_set_state(parser, GUMBO_LEX_DATA);
  return emit_char_ref(parser, ' ', false, output);
}

// http://www.whatwg.org/specs/web-apps/current-work/complete5/tokenization.html#rcdata-state
static StateResult handle_rcdata_state(
    GumboParser* parser, GumboTokenizerState* tokenizer,
    int c, GumboToken* output) {
  switch (c) {
    case '&':
      gumbo_tokenizer_set_state(parser, GUMBO_LEX_CHAR_REF_IN_RCDATA);
      tokenizer->_reconsume_current_input = true;
      return NEXT_CHAR;
    case '<':
      gumbo_tokenizer_set_state(parser, GUMBO_LEX_RCDATA_LT);
      clear_temporary_buffer(parser);
      append_char_to_temporary_buffer(parser, '<');
      return NEXT_CHAR;
    case '\0':
      return emit_replacement_char(parser, output);
    case -1:
      return emit_eof(parser, output);
    default:
      return emit_current_char(parser, output);
  }
}

// http://www.whatwg.org/specs/web-apps/current-work/complete5/tokenization.html#character-reference-in-rcdata-state
static StateResult handle_char_ref_in_rcdata_state(
    GumboParser* parser, GumboTokenizerState* tokenizer,
    int c, GumboToken* output) {
  gumbo_tokenizer_set_state(parser, GUMBO_LEX_RCDATA);
  return emit_char_ref(parser, ' ', false, output);
}

// http://www.whatwg.org/specs/web-apps/current-work/complete5/tokenization.html#rawtext-state
static StateResult handle_rawtext_state(
    GumboParser* parser, GumboTokenizerState* tokenizer,
    int c, GumboToken* output) {
  switch (c) {
    case '<':
      gumbo_tokenizer_set_state(parser, GUMBO_LEX_RAWTEXT_LT);
      clear_temporary_buffer(parser);
      append_char_to_temporary_buffer(parser, '<');
      return NEXT_CHAR;
    case '\0':
      return emit_replacement_char(parser, output);
    case -1:
      return emit_eof(parser, output);
    default:
      return emit_current_char(parser, output);
  }
}

// http://www.whatwg.org/specs/web-apps/current-work/complete5/tokenization.html#script-data-state
static StateResult handle_script_state(
    GumboParser* parser, GumboTokenizerState* tokenizer,
    int c, GumboToken* output) {
  switch (c) {
    case '<':
      gumbo_tokenizer_set_state(parser, GUMBO_LEX_SCRIPT_LT);
      clear_temporary_buffer(parser);
      append_char_to_temporary_buffer(parser, '<');
      return NEXT_CHAR;
    case '\0':
      return emit_replacement_char(parser, output);
    case -1:
      return emit_eof(parser, output);
    default:
      return emit_current_char(parser, output);
  }
}

// http://www.whatwg.org/specs/web-apps/current-work/complete5/tokenization.html#plaintext-state
static StateResult handle_plaintext_state(
    GumboParser* parser, GumboTokenizerState* tokenizer,
    int c, GumboToken* output) {
  switch (c) {
    case '\0':
      return emit_replacement_char(parser, output);
    case -1:
      return emit_eof(parser, output);
    default:
      return emit_current_char(parser, output);
  }
}

// http://www.whatwg.org/specs/web-apps/current-work/complete5/tokenization.html#tag-open-state
static StateResult handle_tag_open_state(
    GumboParser* parser, GumboTokenizerState* tokenizer,
    int c, GumboToken* output) {
  assert(temporary_buffer_equals(parser, "<"));
  switch (c) {
    case '!':
      gumbo_tokenizer_set_state(parser, GUMBO_LEX_MARKUP_DECLARATION);
      clear_temporary_buffer(parser);
      return NEXT_CHAR;
    case '/':
      gumbo_tokenizer_set_state(parser, GUMBO_LEX_END_TAG_OPEN);
      append_char_to_temporary_buffer(parser, '/');
      return NEXT_CHAR;
    case '?':
      gumbo_tokenizer_set_state(parser, GUMBO_LEX_BOGUS_COMMENT);
      clear_temporary_buffer(parser);
      append_char_to_temporary_buffer(parser, '?');
      add_parse_error(parser, GUMBO_ERR_TAG_STARTS_WITH_QUESTION);
      return NEXT_CHAR;
    default:
      if (is_alpha(c)) {
        gumbo_tokenizer_set_state(parser, GUMBO_LEX_TAG_NAME);
        start_new_tag(parser, true);
        return NEXT_CHAR;
      } else {
        add_parse_error(parser, GUMBO_ERR_TAG_INVALID);
        gumbo_tokenizer_set_state(parser, GUMBO_LEX_DATA);
        emit_temporary_buffer(parser, output);
        return RETURN_ERROR;
      }
  }
}

// http://www.whatwg.org/specs/web-apps/current-work/complete5/tokenization.html#end-tag-open-state
static StateResult handle_end_tag_open_state(
    GumboParser* parser, GumboTokenizerState* tokenizer,
    int c, GumboToken* output) {
  assert(temporary_buffer_equals(parser, "</"));
  switch (c) {
    case '>':
      add_parse_error(parser, GUMBO_ERR_CLOSE_TAG_EMPTY);
      gumbo_tokenizer_set_state(parser, GUMBO_LEX_DATA);
      return NEXT_CHAR;
    case -1:
      add_parse_error(parser, GUMBO_ERR_CLOSE_TAG_EOF);
      gumbo_tokenizer_set_state(parser, GUMBO_LEX_DATA);
      return emit_temporary_buffer(parser, output);
    default:
      if (is_alpha(c)) {
        gumbo_tokenizer_set_state(parser, GUMBO_LEX_TAG_NAME);
        start_new_tag(parser, false);
      } else {
        add_parse_error(parser, GUMBO_ERR_CLOSE_TAG_INVALID);
        gumbo_tokenizer_set_state(parser, GUMBO_LEX_BOGUS_COMMENT);
        clear_temporary_buffer(parser);
        append_char_to_temporary_buffer(parser, c);
      }
      return NEXT_CHAR;
  }
}

// http://www.whatwg.org/specs/web-apps/current-work/complete5/tokenization.html#tag-name-state
static StateResult handle_tag_name_state(
    GumboParser* parser, GumboTokenizerState* tokenizer,
    int c, GumboToken* output) {
  switch (c) {
    case '\t':
    case '\n':
    case '\f':
    case ' ':
      finish_tag_name(parser);
      gumbo_tokenizer_set_state(parser, GUMBO_LEX_BEFORE_ATTR_NAME);
      return NEXT_CHAR;
    case '/':
      finish_tag_name(parser);
      gumbo_tokenizer_set_state(parser, GUMBO_LEX_SELF_CLOSING_START_TAG);
      return NEXT_CHAR;
    case '>':
      finish_tag_name(parser);
      gumbo_tokenizer_set_state(parser, GUMBO_LEX_DATA);
      return emit_current_tag(parser, output);
    case '\0':
      add_parse_error(parser, GUMBO_ERR_UTF8_NULL);
      append_char_to_tag_buffer(parser, kUtf8ReplacementChar, true);
      return NEXT_CHAR;
    case -1:
      add_parse_error(parser, GUMBO_ERR_TAG_EOF);
      abandon_current_tag(parser);
      gumbo_tokenizer_set_state(parser, GUMBO_LEX_DATA);
      return NEXT_CHAR;
    default:
      append_char_to_tag_buffer(parser, ensure_lowercase(c), true);
      return NEXT_CHAR;
  }
}

// http://www.whatwg.org/specs/web-apps/current-work/complete.html#rcdata-less-than-sign-state
static StateResult handle_rcdata_lt_state(
    GumboParser* parser, GumboTokenizerState* tokenizer,
    int c, GumboToken* output) {
  assert(temporary_buffer_equals(parser, "<"));
  if (c == '/') {
    gumbo_tokenizer_set_state(parser, GUMBO_LEX_RCDATA_END_TAG_OPEN);
    append_char_to_temporary_buffer(parser, '/');
    return NEXT_CHAR;
  } else {
    gumbo_tokenizer_set_state(parser, GUMBO_LEX_RCDATA);
    tokenizer->_reconsume_current_input = true;
    return emit_temporary_buffer(parser, output);
  }
}

// http://www.whatwg.org/specs/web-apps/current-work/complete.html#rcdata-end-tag-open-state
static StateResult handle_rcdata_end_tag_open_state(
    GumboParser* parser, GumboTokenizerState* tokenizer,
    int c, GumboToken* output) {
  assert(temporary_buffer_equals(parser, "</"));
  if (is_alpha(c)) {
    gumbo_tokenizer_set_state(parser, GUMBO_LEX_RCDATA_END_TAG_NAME);
    start_new_tag(parser, false);
    append_char_to_temporary_buffer(parser, c);
    return NEXT_CHAR;
  } else {
    gumbo_tokenizer_set_state(parser, GUMBO_LEX_RCDATA);
    return emit_temporary_buffer(parser, output);
  }
  return true;
}

// http://www.whatwg.org/specs/web-apps/current-work/complete.html#rcdata-end-tag-name-state
static StateResult handle_rcdata_end_tag_name_state(
    GumboParser* parser, GumboTokenizerState* tokenizer,
    int c, GumboToken* output) {
  assert(tokenizer->_temporary_buffer.length >= 2);
  if (is_alpha(c)) {
    append_char_to_tag_buffer(parser, ensure_lowercase(c), true);
    append_char_to_temporary_buffer(parser, c);
    return NEXT_CHAR;
  } else if (is_appropriate_end_tag(parser)) {
    switch (c) {
      case '\t':
      case '\n':
      case '\f':
      case ' ':
        finish_tag_name(parser);
        gumbo_tokenizer_set_state(parser, GUMBO_LEX_BEFORE_ATTR_NAME);
        return NEXT_CHAR;
      case '/':
        finish_tag_name(parser);
        gumbo_tokenizer_set_state(parser, GUMBO_LEX_SELF_CLOSING_START_TAG);
        return NEXT_CHAR;
      case '>':
        finish_tag_name(parser);
        gumbo_tokenizer_set_state(parser, GUMBO_LEX_DATA);
        return emit_current_tag(parser, output);
    }
  }
  gumbo_tokenizer_set_state(parser, GUMBO_LEX_RCDATA);
  abandon_current_tag(parser);
  return emit_temporary_buffer(parser, output);
}

// http://www.whatwg.org/specs/web-apps/current-work/complete5/tokenization.html#rawtext-less-than-sign-state
static StateResult handle_rawtext_lt_state(
    GumboParser* parser, GumboTokenizerState* tokenizer,
    int c, GumboToken* output) {
  assert(temporary_buffer_equals(parser, "<"));
  if (c == '/') {
    gumbo_tokenizer_set_state(parser, GUMBO_LEX_RAWTEXT_END_TAG_OPEN);
    append_char_to_temporary_buffer(parser, '/');
    return NEXT_CHAR;
  } else {
    gumbo_tokenizer_set_state(parser, GUMBO_LEX_RAWTEXT);
    tokenizer->_reconsume_current_input = true;
    return emit_temporary_buffer(parser, output);
  }
}

// http://www.whatwg.org/specs/web-apps/current-work/complete5/tokenization.html#rawtext-end-tag-open-state
static StateResult handle_rawtext_end_tag_open_state(
    GumboParser* parser, GumboTokenizerState* tokenizer,
    int c, GumboToken* output) {
  assert(temporary_buffer_equals(parser, "</"));
  if (is_alpha(c)) {
    gumbo_tokenizer_set_state(parser, GUMBO_LEX_RAWTEXT_END_TAG_NAME);
    start_new_tag(parser, false);
    append_char_to_temporary_buffer(parser, c);
    return NEXT_CHAR;
  } else {
    gumbo_tokenizer_set_state(parser, GUMBO_LEX_RAWTEXT);
    return emit_temporary_buffer(parser, output);
  }
}

// http://www.whatwg.org/specs/web-apps/current-work/complete5/tokenization.html#rawtext-end-tag-name-state
static StateResult handle_rawtext_end_tag_name_state(
    GumboParser* parser, GumboTokenizerState* tokenizer,
    int c, GumboToken* output) {
  assert(tokenizer->_temporary_buffer.length >= 2);
  gumbo_debug("Last end tag: %*s\n", (int) tokenizer->_tag_state._buffer.length,
             tokenizer->_tag_state._buffer.data);
  if (is_alpha(c)) {
    append_char_to_tag_buffer(parser, ensure_lowercase(c), true);
    append_char_to_temporary_buffer(parser, c);
    return NEXT_CHAR;
  } else if (is_appropriate_end_tag(parser)) {
    gumbo_debug("Is an appropriate end tag.\n");
    switch (c) {
      case '\t':
      case '\n':
      case '\f':
      case ' ':
        finish_tag_name(parser);
        gumbo_tokenizer_set_state(parser, GUMBO_LEX_BEFORE_ATTR_NAME);
        return NEXT_CHAR;
      case '/':
        finish_tag_name(parser);
        gumbo_tokenizer_set_state(parser, GUMBO_LEX_SELF_CLOSING_START_TAG);
        return NEXT_CHAR;
      case '>':
        finish_tag_name(parser);
        gumbo_tokenizer_set_state(parser, GUMBO_LEX_DATA);
        return emit_current_tag(parser, output);
    }
  }
  gumbo_tokenizer_set_state(parser, GUMBO_LEX_RAWTEXT);
  abandon_current_tag(parser);
  return emit_temporary_buffer(parser, output);
}

// http://www.whatwg.org/specs/web-apps/current-work/complete5/tokenization.html#script-data-less-than-sign-state
static StateResult handle_script_lt_state(
    GumboParser* parser, GumboTokenizerState* tokenizer,
    int c, GumboToken* output) {
  assert(temporary_buffer_equals(parser, "<"));
  if (c == '/') {
    gumbo_tokenizer_set_state(parser, GUMBO_LEX_SCRIPT_END_TAG_OPEN);
    append_char_to_temporary_buffer(parser, '/');
    return NEXT_CHAR;
  } else if (c == '!') {
    gumbo_tokenizer_set_state(parser, GUMBO_LEX_SCRIPT_ESCAPED_START);
    append_char_to_temporary_buffer(parser, '!');
    return emit_temporary_buffer(parser, output);
  } else {
    gumbo_tokenizer_set_state(parser, GUMBO_LEX_SCRIPT);
    tokenizer->_reconsume_current_input = true;
    return emit_temporary_buffer(parser, output);
  }
}

// http://www.whatwg.org/specs/web-apps/current-work/complete5/tokenization.html#script-data-end-tag-open-state
static StateResult handle_script_end_tag_open_state(
    GumboParser* parser, GumboTokenizerState* tokenizer,
    int c, GumboToken* output) {
  assert(temporary_buffer_equals(parser, "</"));
  if (is_alpha(c)) {
    gumbo_tokenizer_set_state(parser, GUMBO_LEX_SCRIPT_END_TAG_NAME);
    start_new_tag(parser, false);
    append_char_to_temporary_buffer(parser, c);
    return NEXT_CHAR;
  } else {
    gumbo_tokenizer_set_state(parser, GUMBO_LEX_SCRIPT);
    return emit_temporary_buffer(parser, output);
  }
}

// http://www.whatwg.org/specs/web-apps/current-work/complete5/tokenization.html#script-data-end-tag-name-state
static StateResult handle_script_end_tag_name_state(
    GumboParser* parser, GumboTokenizerState* tokenizer,
    int c, GumboToken* output) {
  assert(tokenizer->_temporary_buffer.length >= 2);
  if (is_alpha(c)) {
    append_char_to_tag_buffer(parser, ensure_lowercase(c), true);
    append_char_to_temporary_buffer(parser, c);
    return NEXT_CHAR;
  } else if (is_appropriate_end_tag(parser)) {
    switch (c) {
      case '\t':
      case '\n':
      case '\f':
      case ' ':
        finish_tag_name(parser);
        gumbo_tokenizer_set_state(parser, GUMBO_LEX_BEFORE_ATTR_NAME);
        return NEXT_CHAR;
      case '/':
        finish_tag_name(parser);
        gumbo_tokenizer_set_state(parser, GUMBO_LEX_SELF_CLOSING_START_TAG);
        return NEXT_CHAR;
      case '>':
        finish_tag_name(parser);
        gumbo_tokenizer_set_state(parser, GUMBO_LEX_DATA);
        return emit_current_tag(parser, output);
    }
  }
  gumbo_tokenizer_set_state(parser, GUMBO_LEX_SCRIPT);
  abandon_current_tag(parser);
  return emit_temporary_buffer(parser, output);
}

// http://www.whatwg.org/specs/web-apps/current-work/complete5/tokenization.html#script-data-escape-start-state
static StateResult handle_script_escaped_start_state(
    GumboParser* parser, GumboTokenizerState* tokenizer,
    int c, GumboToken* output) {
  if (c == '-') {
    gumbo_tokenizer_set_state(parser, GUMBO_LEX_SCRIPT_ESCAPED_START_DASH);
    return emit_current_char(parser, output);
  } else {
    gumbo_tokenizer_set_state(parser, GUMBO_LEX_SCRIPT);
    tokenizer->_reconsume_current_input = true;
    return NEXT_CHAR;
  }
}

// http://www.whatwg.org/specs/web-apps/current-work/complete5/tokenization.html#script-data-escape-start-dash-state
static StateResult handle_script_escaped_start_dash_state(
    GumboParser* parser, GumboTokenizerState* tokenizer,
    int c, GumboToken* output) {
  if (c == '-') {
    gumbo_tokenizer_set_state(parser, GUMBO_LEX_SCRIPT_ESCAPED_DASH_DASH);
    return emit_current_char(parser, output);
  } else {
    gumbo_tokenizer_set_state(parser, GUMBO_LEX_SCRIPT);
    tokenizer->_reconsume_current_input = true;
    return NEXT_CHAR;
  }
}

// http://www.whatwg.org/specs/web-apps/current-work/complete5/tokenization.html#script-data-escaped-state
static StateResult handle_script_escaped_state(
    GumboParser* parser, GumboTokenizerState* tokenizer,
    int c, GumboToken* output) {
  switch (c) {
    case '-':
      gumbo_tokenizer_set_state(parser, GUMBO_LEX_SCRIPT_ESCAPED_DASH);
      return emit_current_char(parser, output);
    case '<':
      gumbo_tokenizer_set_state(parser, GUMBO_LEX_SCRIPT_ESCAPED_LT);
      clear_temporary_buffer(parser);
      append_char_to_temporary_buffer(parser, c);
      return NEXT_CHAR;
    case '\0':
      return emit_replacement_char(parser, output);
    case -1:
      add_parse_error(parser, GUMBO_ERR_SCRIPT_EOF);
      return emit_eof(parser, output);
    default:
      return emit_current_char(parser, output);
  }
}

// http://www.whatwg.org/specs/web-apps/current-work/complete5/tokenization.html#script-data-escaped-dash-state
static StateResult handle_script_escaped_dash_state(
    GumboParser* parser, GumboTokenizerState* tokenizer,
    int c, GumboToken* output) {
  switch (c) {
    case '-':
      gumbo_tokenizer_set_state(parser, GUMBO_LEX_SCRIPT_ESCAPED_DASH_DASH);
      return emit_current_char(parser, output);
    case '<':
      gumbo_tokenizer_set_state(parser, GUMBO_LEX_SCRIPT_ESCAPED_LT);
      clear_temporary_buffer(parser);
      append_char_to_temporary_buffer(parser, c);
      return NEXT_CHAR;
    case '\0':
      gumbo_tokenizer_set_state(parser, GUMBO_LEX_SCRIPT_ESCAPED);
      return emit_replacement_char(parser, output);
    case -1:
      add_parse_error(parser, GUMBO_ERR_SCRIPT_EOF);
      gumbo_tokenizer_set_state(parser, GUMBO_LEX_DATA);
      return NEXT_CHAR;
    default:
      gumbo_tokenizer_set_state(parser, GUMBO_LEX_SCRIPT_ESCAPED);
      return emit_current_char(parser, output);
  }
}

// http://www.whatwg.org/specs/web-apps/current-work/complete5/tokenization.html#script-data-escaped-dash-dash-state
static StateResult handle_script_escaped_dash_dash_state(
    GumboParser* parser, GumboTokenizerState* tokenizer,
    int c, GumboToken* output) {
  switch (c) {
    case '-':
      return emit_current_char(parser, output);
    case '<':
      gumbo_tokenizer_set_state(parser, GUMBO_LEX_SCRIPT_ESCAPED_LT);
      clear_temporary_buffer(parser);
      append_char_to_temporary_buffer(parser, c);
      return NEXT_CHAR;
    case '>':
      gumbo_tokenizer_set_state(parser, GUMBO_LEX_SCRIPT);
      return emit_current_char(parser, output);
    case '\0':
      gumbo_tokenizer_set_state(parser, GUMBO_LEX_SCRIPT_ESCAPED);
      return emit_replacement_char(parser, output);
    case -1:
      add_parse_error(parser, GUMBO_ERR_SCRIPT_EOF);
      gumbo_tokenizer_set_state(parser, GUMBO_LEX_DATA);
      return NEXT_CHAR;
    default:
      gumbo_tokenizer_set_state(parser, GUMBO_LEX_SCRIPT_ESCAPED);
      return emit_current_char(parser, output);
  }
}

// http://www.whatwg.org/specs/web-apps/current-work/complete5/tokenization.html#script-data-escaped-less-than-sign-state
static StateResult handle_script_escaped_lt_state(
    GumboParser* parser, GumboTokenizerState* tokenizer,
    int c, GumboToken* output) {
  assert(temporary_buffer_equals(parser, "<"));
  assert(!tokenizer->_script_data_buffer.length);
  if (c == '/') {
    gumbo_tokenizer_set_state(parser, GUMBO_LEX_SCRIPT_ESCAPED_END_TAG_OPEN);
    append_char_to_temporary_buffer(parser, c);
    return NEXT_CHAR;
  } else if (is_alpha(c)) {
    gumbo_tokenizer_set_state(parser, GUMBO_LEX_SCRIPT_DOUBLE_ESCAPED_START);
    append_char_to_temporary_buffer(parser, c);
    gumbo_string_buffer_append_codepoint(
        parser, ensure_lowercase(c), &tokenizer->_script_data_buffer);
    return emit_temporary_buffer(parser, output);
  } else {
    gumbo_tokenizer_set_state(parser, GUMBO_LEX_SCRIPT_ESCAPED);
    return emit_temporary_buffer(parser, output);
  }
}

// http://www.whatwg.org/specs/web-apps/current-work/complete5/tokenization.html#script-data-escaped-end-tag-open-state
static StateResult handle_script_escaped_end_tag_open_state(
    GumboParser* parser, GumboTokenizerState* tokenizer,
    int c, GumboToken* output) {
  assert(temporary_buffer_equals(parser, "</"));
  if (is_alpha(c)) {
    gumbo_tokenizer_set_state(parser, GUMBO_LEX_SCRIPT_ESCAPED_END_TAG_NAME);
    start_new_tag(parser, false);
    append_char_to_temporary_buffer(parser, c);
    return NEXT_CHAR;
  } else {
    gumbo_tokenizer_set_state(parser, GUMBO_LEX_SCRIPT_ESCAPED);
    return emit_temporary_buffer(parser, output);
  }
}

// http://www.whatwg.org/specs/web-apps/current-work/complete5/tokenization.html#script-data-escaped-end-tag-name-state
static StateResult handle_script_escaped_end_tag_name_state(
    GumboParser* parser, GumboTokenizerState* tokenizer,
    int c, GumboToken* output) {
  assert(tokenizer->_temporary_buffer.length >= 2);
  if (is_alpha(c)) {
    append_char_to_tag_buffer(parser, ensure_lowercase(c), true);
    append_char_to_temporary_buffer(parser, c);
    return NEXT_CHAR;
  } else if (is_appropriate_end_tag(parser)) {
    switch (c) {
      case '\t':
      case '\n':
      case '\f':
      case ' ':
        finish_tag_name(parser);
        gumbo_tokenizer_set_state(parser, GUMBO_LEX_BEFORE_ATTR_NAME);
        return NEXT_CHAR;
      case '/':
        finish_tag_name(parser);
        gumbo_tokenizer_set_state(parser, GUMBO_LEX_SELF_CLOSING_START_TAG);
        return NEXT_CHAR;
      case '>':
        finish_tag_name(parser);
        gumbo_tokenizer_set_state(parser, GUMBO_LEX_DATA);
        return emit_current_tag(parser, output);
    }
  }
  gumbo_tokenizer_set_state(parser, GUMBO_LEX_SCRIPT_ESCAPED);
  abandon_current_tag(parser);
  return emit_temporary_buffer(parser, output);
}

// http://www.whatwg.org/specs/web-apps/current-work/complete5/tokenization.html#script-data-double-escape-start-state
static StateResult handle_script_double_escaped_start_state(
    GumboParser* parser, GumboTokenizerState* tokenizer,
    int c, GumboToken* output) {
  switch (c) {
    case '\t':
    case '\n':
    case '\f':
    case ' ':
    case '/':
    case '>':
      gumbo_tokenizer_set_state(parser, gumbo_string_equals(
          &kScriptTag, (GumboStringPiece*) &tokenizer->_script_data_buffer)
          ? GUMBO_LEX_SCRIPT_DOUBLE_ESCAPED : GUMBO_LEX_SCRIPT_ESCAPED);
      return emit_current_char(parser, output);
    default:
      if (is_alpha(c)) {
        gumbo_string_buffer_append_codepoint(
            parser, ensure_lowercase(c), &tokenizer->_script_data_buffer);
        return emit_current_char(parser, output);
      } else {
        gumbo_tokenizer_set_state(parser, GUMBO_LEX_SCRIPT_ESCAPED);
        tokenizer->_reconsume_current_input = true;
        return NEXT_CHAR;
      }
  }
}

// http://www.whatwg.org/specs/web-apps/current-work/complete5/tokenization.html#script-data-double-escaped-state
static StateResult handle_script_double_escaped_state(
    GumboParser* parser, GumboTokenizerState* tokenizer,
    int c, GumboToken* output) {
  switch (c) {
    case '-':
      gumbo_tokenizer_set_state(parser, GUMBO_LEX_SCRIPT_DOUBLE_ESCAPED_DASH);
      return emit_current_char(parser, output);
    case '<':
      gumbo_tokenizer_set_state(parser, GUMBO_LEX_SCRIPT_DOUBLE_ESCAPED_LT);
      return emit_current_char(parser, output);
    case '\0':
      return emit_replacement_char(parser, output);
    case -1:
      add_parse_error(parser, GUMBO_ERR_SCRIPT_EOF);
      gumbo_tokenizer_set_state(parser, GUMBO_LEX_DATA);
      return NEXT_CHAR;
    default:
      return emit_current_char(parser, output);
  }
}

// http://www.whatwg.org/specs/web-apps/current-work/complete5/tokenization.html#script-data-double-escaped-dash-state
static StateResult handle_script_double_escaped_dash_state(
    GumboParser* parser, GumboTokenizerState* tokenizer,
    int c, GumboToken* output) {
  switch (c) {
    case '-':
      gumbo_tokenizer_set_state(
          parser, GUMBO_LEX_SCRIPT_DOUBLE_ESCAPED_DASH_DASH);
      return emit_current_char(parser, output);
    case '<':
      gumbo_tokenizer_set_state(parser, GUMBO_LEX_SCRIPT_DOUBLE_ESCAPED_LT);
      return emit_current_char(parser, output);
    case '\0':
      gumbo_tokenizer_set_state(parser, GUMBO_LEX_SCRIPT_DOUBLE_ESCAPED);
      return emit_replacement_char(parser, output);
    case -1:
      add_parse_error(parser, GUMBO_ERR_SCRIPT_EOF);
      gumbo_tokenizer_set_state(parser, GUMBO_LEX_DATA);
      return NEXT_CHAR;
    default:
      gumbo_tokenizer_set_state(parser, GUMBO_LEX_SCRIPT_DOUBLE_ESCAPED);
      return emit_current_char(parser, output);
  }
}

// http://www.whatwg.org/specs/web-apps/current-work/complete5/tokenization.html#script-data-double-escaped-dash-dash-state
static StateResult handle_script_double_escaped_dash_dash_state(
    GumboParser* parser, GumboTokenizerState* tokenizer,
    int c, GumboToken* output) {
  switch (c) {
    case '-':
      return emit_current_char(parser, output);
    case '<':
      gumbo_tokenizer_set_state(parser, GUMBO_LEX_SCRIPT_DOUBLE_ESCAPED_LT);
      return emit_current_char(parser, output);
    case '>':
      gumbo_tokenizer_set_state(parser, GUMBO_LEX_SCRIPT);
      return emit_current_char(parser, output);
    case '\0':
      gumbo_tokenizer_set_state(parser, GUMBO_LEX_SCRIPT_DOUBLE_ESCAPED);
      return emit_replacement_char(parser, output);
    case -1:
      add_parse_error(parser, GUMBO_ERR_SCRIPT_EOF);
      gumbo_tokenizer_set_state(parser, GUMBO_LEX_DATA);
      return NEXT_CHAR;
    default:
      gumbo_tokenizer_set_state(parser, GUMBO_LEX_SCRIPT_DOUBLE_ESCAPED);
      return emit_current_char(parser, output);
  }
}

// http://www.whatwg.org/specs/web-apps/current-work/complete5/tokenization.html#script-data-double-escaped-less-than-sign-state
static StateResult handle_script_double_escaped_lt_state(
    GumboParser* parser, GumboTokenizerState* tokenizer,
    int c, GumboToken* output) {
  if (c == '/') {
    gumbo_tokenizer_set_state(parser, GUMBO_LEX_SCRIPT_DOUBLE_ESCAPED_END);
    gumbo_string_buffer_destroy(parser, &tokenizer->_script_data_buffer);
    gumbo_string_buffer_init(parser, &tokenizer->_script_data_buffer);
    return emit_current_char(parser, output);
  } else {
    gumbo_tokenizer_set_state(parser, GUMBO_LEX_SCRIPT_DOUBLE_ESCAPED);
    tokenizer->_reconsume_current_input = true;
    return NEXT_CHAR;
  }

}

// http://www.whatwg.org/specs/web-apps/current-work/complete5/tokenization.html#script-data-double-escape-end-state
static StateResult handle_script_double_escaped_end_state(
    GumboParser* parser, GumboTokenizerState* tokenizer,
    int c, GumboToken* output) {
  switch (c) {
    case '\t':
    case '\n':
    case '\f':
    case ' ':
    case '/':
    case '>':
      gumbo_tokenizer_set_state(parser, gumbo_string_equals(
          &kScriptTag, (GumboStringPiece*) &tokenizer->_script_data_buffer)
          ? GUMBO_LEX_SCRIPT_ESCAPED : GUMBO_LEX_SCRIPT_DOUBLE_ESCAPED);
      return emit_current_char(parser, output);
    default:
      if (is_alpha(c)) {
        gumbo_string_buffer_append_codepoint(
            parser, ensure_lowercase(c), &tokenizer->_script_data_buffer);
        return emit_current_char(parser, output);
      } else {
        gumbo_tokenizer_set_state(parser, GUMBO_LEX_SCRIPT_DOUBLE_ESCAPED);
        tokenizer->_reconsume_current_input = true;
        return NEXT_CHAR;
      }
  }
}

// http://www.whatwg.org/specs/web-apps/current-work/complete5/tokenization.html#before-attribute-name-state
static StateResult handle_before_attr_name_state(
    GumboParser* parser, GumboTokenizerState* tokenizer,
    int c, GumboToken* output) {
  switch (c) {
    case '\t':
    case '\n':
    case '\f':
    case ' ':
      return NEXT_CHAR;
    case '/':
      gumbo_tokenizer_set_state(parser, GUMBO_LEX_SELF_CLOSING_START_TAG);
      return NEXT_CHAR;
    case '>':
      gumbo_tokenizer_set_state(parser, GUMBO_LEX_DATA);
      return emit_current_tag(parser, output);
    case '\0':
      add_parse_error(parser, GUMBO_ERR_UTF8_NULL);
      gumbo_tokenizer_set_state(parser, GUMBO_LEX_ATTR_NAME);
      append_char_to_temporary_buffer(parser, 0xfffd);
      return NEXT_CHAR;
    case -1:
      add_parse_error(parser, GUMBO_ERR_ATTR_NAME_EOF);
      gumbo_tokenizer_set_state(parser, GUMBO_LEX_DATA);
      abandon_current_tag(parser);
      return NEXT_CHAR;
    case '"':
    case '\'':
    case '<':
    case '=':
      add_parse_error(parser, GUMBO_ERR_ATTR_NAME_INVALID);
      // Fall through.
    default:
      gumbo_tokenizer_set_state(parser, GUMBO_LEX_ATTR_NAME);
      append_char_to_tag_buffer(parser, ensure_lowercase(c), true);
      return NEXT_CHAR;
  }
}

// http://www.whatwg.org/specs/web-apps/current-work/complete5/tokenization.html#attribute-name-state
static StateResult handle_attr_name_state(
    GumboParser* parser, GumboTokenizerState* tokenizer,
    int c, GumboToken* output) {
  switch (c) {
    case '\t':
    case '\n':
    case '\f':
    case ' ':
      finish_attribute_name(parser);
      gumbo_tokenizer_set_state(parser, GUMBO_LEX_AFTER_ATTR_NAME);
      return NEXT_CHAR;
    case '/':
      finish_attribute_name(parser);
      gumbo_tokenizer_set_state(parser, GUMBO_LEX_SELF_CLOSING_START_TAG);
      return NEXT_CHAR;
    case '=':
      finish_attribute_name(parser);
      gumbo_tokenizer_set_state(parser, GUMBO_LEX_BEFORE_ATTR_VALUE);
      return NEXT_CHAR;
    case '>':
      finish_attribute_name(parser);
      gumbo_tokenizer_set_state(parser, GUMBO_LEX_DATA);
      return emit_current_tag(parser, output);
    case '\0':
      add_parse_error(parser, GUMBO_ERR_UTF8_NULL);
      append_char_to_tag_buffer(parser, kUtf8ReplacementChar, true);
      return NEXT_CHAR;
    case -1:
      gumbo_tokenizer_set_state(parser, GUMBO_LEX_DATA);
      abandon_current_tag(parser);
      add_parse_error(parser, GUMBO_ERR_ATTR_NAME_EOF);
      return NEXT_CHAR;
    case '"':
    case '\'':
    case '<':
      add_parse_error(parser, GUMBO_ERR_ATTR_NAME_INVALID);
      // Fall through.
    default:
      append_char_to_tag_buffer(parser, ensure_lowercase(c), true);
      return NEXT_CHAR;
  }
}

// http://www.whatwg.org/specs/web-apps/current-work/complete5/tokenization.html#after-attribute-name-state
static StateResult handle_after_attr_name_state(
    GumboParser* parser, GumboTokenizerState* tokenizer,
    int c, GumboToken* output) {
  switch (c) {
    case '\t':
    case '\n':
    case '\f':
    case ' ':
      return NEXT_CHAR;
    case '/':
      gumbo_tokenizer_set_state(parser, GUMBO_LEX_SELF_CLOSING_START_TAG);
      return NEXT_CHAR;
    case '=':
      gumbo_tokenizer_set_state(parser, GUMBO_LEX_BEFORE_ATTR_VALUE);
      return NEXT_CHAR;
    case '>':
      gumbo_tokenizer_set_state(parser, GUMBO_LEX_DATA);
      return emit_current_tag(parser, output);
    case '\0':
      add_parse_error(parser, GUMBO_ERR_UTF8_NULL);
      gumbo_tokenizer_set_state(parser, GUMBO_LEX_ATTR_NAME);
      append_char_to_temporary_buffer(parser, 0xfffd);
      return NEXT_CHAR;
    case -1:
      add_parse_error(parser, GUMBO_ERR_ATTR_NAME_EOF);
      gumbo_tokenizer_set_state(parser, GUMBO_LEX_DATA);
      abandon_current_tag(parser);
      return NEXT_CHAR;
    case '"':
    case '\'':
    case '<':
      add_parse_error(parser, GUMBO_ERR_ATTR_NAME_INVALID);
      // Fall through.
    default:
      gumbo_tokenizer_set_state(parser, GUMBO_LEX_ATTR_NAME);
      append_char_to_tag_buffer(parser, ensure_lowercase(c), true);
      return NEXT_CHAR;
  }
}

// http://www.whatwg.org/specs/web-apps/current-work/complete5/tokenization.html#before-attribute-value-state
static StateResult handle_before_attr_value_state(
    GumboParser* parser, GumboTokenizerState* tokenizer,
    int c, GumboToken* output) {
  switch (c) {
    case '\t':
    case '\n':
    case '\f':
    case ' ':
      return NEXT_CHAR;
    case '"':
      gumbo_tokenizer_set_state(parser, GUMBO_LEX_ATTR_VALUE_DOUBLE_QUOTED);
      reset_tag_buffer_start_point(parser);
      return NEXT_CHAR;
    case '&':
      gumbo_tokenizer_set_state(parser, GUMBO_LEX_ATTR_VALUE_UNQUOTED);
      tokenizer->_reconsume_current_input = true;
      return NEXT_CHAR;
    case '\'':
      gumbo_tokenizer_set_state(parser, GUMBO_LEX_ATTR_VALUE_SINGLE_QUOTED);
      reset_tag_buffer_start_point(parser);
      return NEXT_CHAR;
    case '\0':
      add_parse_error(parser, GUMBO_ERR_UTF8_NULL);
      gumbo_tokenizer_set_state(parser, GUMBO_LEX_ATTR_VALUE_UNQUOTED);
      append_char_to_tag_buffer(parser, kUtf8ReplacementChar, true);
      return NEXT_CHAR;
    case -1:
      add_parse_error(parser, GUMBO_ERR_ATTR_UNQUOTED_EOF);
      gumbo_tokenizer_set_state(parser, GUMBO_LEX_DATA);
      abandon_current_tag(parser);
      tokenizer->_reconsume_current_input = true;
      return NEXT_CHAR;
    case '>':
      add_parse_error(parser, GUMBO_ERR_ATTR_UNQUOTED_RIGHT_BRACKET);
      gumbo_tokenizer_set_state(parser, GUMBO_LEX_DATA);
      emit_current_tag(parser, output);
      return RETURN_ERROR;
    case '<':
    case '=':
    case '`':
      add_parse_error(parser, GUMBO_ERR_ATTR_UNQUOTED_EQUALS);
      // Fall through.
    default:
      gumbo_tokenizer_set_state(parser, GUMBO_LEX_ATTR_VALUE_UNQUOTED);
      append_char_to_tag_buffer(parser, c, true);
      return NEXT_CHAR;
  }
}

// http://www.whatwg.org/specs/web-apps/current-work/complete5/tokenization.html#attribute-value-double-quoted-state
static StateResult handle_attr_value_double_quoted_state(
    GumboParser* parser, GumboTokenizerState* tokenizer,
    int c, GumboToken* output) {
  switch (c) {
    case '"':
      gumbo_tokenizer_set_state(parser, GUMBO_LEX_AFTER_ATTR_VALUE_QUOTED);
      return NEXT_CHAR;
    case '&':
      tokenizer->_tag_state._attr_value_state = tokenizer->_state;
      gumbo_tokenizer_set_state(parser, GUMBO_LEX_CHAR_REF_IN_ATTR_VALUE);
      tokenizer->_reconsume_current_input = true;
      return NEXT_CHAR;
    case '\0':
      add_parse_error(parser, GUMBO_ERR_UTF8_NULL);
      append_char_to_tag_buffer(parser, kUtf8ReplacementChar, false);
      return NEXT_CHAR;
    case -1:
      add_parse_error(parser, GUMBO_ERR_ATTR_DOUBLE_QUOTE_EOF);
      gumbo_tokenizer_set_state(parser, GUMBO_LEX_DATA);
      abandon_current_tag(parser);
      tokenizer->_reconsume_current_input = true;
      return NEXT_CHAR;
    default:
      append_char_to_tag_buffer(parser, c, false);
      return NEXT_CHAR;
  }
}

// http://www.whatwg.org/specs/web-apps/current-work/complete5/tokenization.html#attribute-value-single-quoted-state
static StateResult handle_attr_value_single_quoted_state(
    GumboParser* parser, GumboTokenizerState* tokenizer,
    int c, GumboToken* output) {
  switch (c) {
    case '\'':
      gumbo_tokenizer_set_state(parser, GUMBO_LEX_AFTER_ATTR_VALUE_QUOTED);
      return NEXT_CHAR;
    case '&':
      tokenizer->_tag_state._attr_value_state = tokenizer->_state;
      gumbo_tokenizer_set_state(parser, GUMBO_LEX_CHAR_REF_IN_ATTR_VALUE);
      tokenizer->_reconsume_current_input = true;
      return NEXT_CHAR;
    case '\0':
      add_parse_error(parser, GUMBO_ERR_UTF8_NULL);
      append_char_to_tag_buffer(parser, kUtf8ReplacementChar, false);
      return NEXT_CHAR;
    case -1:
      add_parse_error(parser, GUMBO_ERR_ATTR_SINGLE_QUOTE_EOF);
      gumbo_tokenizer_set_state(parser, GUMBO_LEX_DATA);
      abandon_current_tag(parser);
      tokenizer->_reconsume_current_input = true;
      return NEXT_CHAR;
    default:
      append_char_to_tag_buffer(parser, c, false);
      return NEXT_CHAR;
  }
}

// http://www.whatwg.org/specs/web-apps/current-work/complete5/tokenization.html#attribute-value-unquoted-state
static StateResult handle_attr_value_unquoted_state(
    GumboParser* parser, GumboTokenizerState* tokenizer,
    int c, GumboToken* output) {
  switch (c) {
    case '\t':
    case '\n':
    case '\f':
    case ' ':
      gumbo_tokenizer_set_state(parser, GUMBO_LEX_BEFORE_ATTR_NAME);
      finish_attribute_value(parser);
      return NEXT_CHAR;
    case '&':
      tokenizer->_tag_state._attr_value_state = tokenizer->_state;
      gumbo_tokenizer_set_state(parser, GUMBO_LEX_CHAR_REF_IN_ATTR_VALUE);
      tokenizer->_reconsume_current_input = true;
      return NEXT_CHAR;
    case '>':
      gumbo_tokenizer_set_state(parser, GUMBO_LEX_DATA);
      finish_attribute_value(parser);
      return emit_current_tag(parser, output);
    case '\0':
      add_parse_error(parser, GUMBO_ERR_UTF8_NULL);
      append_char_to_tag_buffer(parser, kUtf8ReplacementChar, true);
      return NEXT_CHAR;
    case -1:
      add_parse_error(parser, GUMBO_ERR_ATTR_UNQUOTED_EOF);
      gumbo_tokenizer_set_state(parser, GUMBO_LEX_DATA);
      tokenizer->_reconsume_current_input = true;
      abandon_current_tag(parser);
      return NEXT_CHAR;
    case '<':
    case '=':
    case '"':
    case '\'':
    case '`':
      add_parse_error(parser, GUMBO_ERR_ATTR_UNQUOTED_EQUALS);
      // Fall through.
    default:
      append_char_to_tag_buffer(parser, c, true);
      return NEXT_CHAR;
  }
}

// http://www.whatwg.org/specs/web-apps/current-work/complete5/tokenization.html#character-reference-in-attribute-value-state
static StateResult handle_char_ref_in_attr_value_state(
    GumboParser* parser, GumboTokenizerState* tokenizer,
    int c, GumboToken* output) {
  OneOrTwoCodepoints char_ref;
  int allowed_char;
  bool is_unquoted = false;
  switch (tokenizer->_tag_state._attr_value_state) {
    case GUMBO_LEX_ATTR_VALUE_DOUBLE_QUOTED:
      allowed_char = '"';
      break;
    case GUMBO_LEX_ATTR_VALUE_SINGLE_QUOTED:
      allowed_char = '\'';
      break;
    case GUMBO_LEX_ATTR_VALUE_UNQUOTED:
      allowed_char = '>';
      is_unquoted = true;
      break;
    default:
      // -Wmaybe-uninitialized is a little overzealous here, and doesn't
      // get that the assert(0) means this codepath will never happen.
      allowed_char = ' ';
      assert(0);
  }

  // Ignore the status, since we don't have a convenient way of signalling that
  // a parser error has occurred when the error occurs in the middle of a
  // multi-state token.  We'd need a flag inside the TokenizerState to do this,
  // but that's a low priority fix.
  consume_char_ref(parser, &tokenizer->_input, allowed_char, true, &char_ref);
  if (char_ref.first != kGumboNoChar) {
    tokenizer->_reconsume_current_input = true;
    append_char_to_tag_buffer(parser, char_ref.first, is_unquoted);
    if (char_ref.second != kGumboNoChar) {
      append_char_to_tag_buffer(parser, char_ref.second, is_unquoted);
    }
  } else {
    append_char_to_tag_buffer(parser, '&', is_unquoted);
  }
  gumbo_tokenizer_set_state(parser, tokenizer->_tag_state._attr_value_state);
  return NEXT_CHAR;
}

// http://www.whatwg.org/specs/web-apps/current-work/complete5/tokenization.html#after-attribute-value-quoted-state
static StateResult handle_after_attr_value_quoted_state(
    GumboParser* parser, GumboTokenizerState* tokenizer,
    int c, GumboToken* output) {
  finish_attribute_value(parser);
  switch (c) {
    case '\t':
    case '\n':
    case '\f':
    case ' ':
      gumbo_tokenizer_set_state(parser, GUMBO_LEX_BEFORE_ATTR_NAME);
      return NEXT_CHAR;
    case '/':
      gumbo_tokenizer_set_state(parser, GUMBO_LEX_SELF_CLOSING_START_TAG);
      return NEXT_CHAR;
    case '>':
      gumbo_tokenizer_set_state(parser, GUMBO_LEX_DATA);
      return emit_current_tag(parser, output);
    case -1:
      add_parse_error(parser, GUMBO_ERR_ATTR_AFTER_EOF);
      gumbo_tokenizer_set_state(parser, GUMBO_LEX_DATA);
      abandon_current_tag(parser);
      tokenizer->_reconsume_current_input = true;
      return NEXT_CHAR;
    default:
      add_parse_error(parser, GUMBO_ERR_ATTR_AFTER_INVALID);
      gumbo_tokenizer_set_state(parser, GUMBO_LEX_BEFORE_ATTR_NAME);
      tokenizer->_reconsume_current_input = true;
      return NEXT_CHAR;
  }
}

// http://www.whatwg.org/specs/web-apps/current-work/complete.html#self-closing-start-tag-state
static StateResult handle_self_closing_start_tag_state(
    GumboParser* parser, GumboTokenizerState* tokenizer,
    int c, GumboToken* output) {
  switch (c) {
    case '>':
      gumbo_tokenizer_set_state(parser, GUMBO_LEX_DATA);
      tokenizer->_tag_state._is_self_closing = true;
      return emit_current_tag(parser, output);
    case -1:
      add_parse_error(parser, GUMBO_ERR_SOLIDUS_EOF);
      gumbo_tokenizer_set_state(parser, GUMBO_LEX_DATA);
      abandon_current_tag(parser);
      return NEXT_CHAR;
    default:
      add_parse_error(parser, GUMBO_ERR_SOLIDUS_INVALID);
      gumbo_tokenizer_set_state(parser, GUMBO_LEX_BEFORE_ATTR_NAME);
      tokenizer->_reconsume_current_input = true;
      return NEXT_CHAR;
  }
}

// http://www.whatwg.org/specs/web-apps/current-work/complete.html#bogus-comment-state
static StateResult handle_bogus_comment_state(
    GumboParser* parser, GumboTokenizerState* tokenizer,
    int c, GumboToken* output) {
  while (c != '>' && c != -1) {
    if (c == '\0') {
      c = 0xFFFD;
    }
    append_char_to_temporary_buffer(parser, c);
    utf8iterator_next(&tokenizer->_input);
    c = utf8iterator_current(&tokenizer->_input);
  }
  gumbo_tokenizer_set_state(parser, GUMBO_LEX_DATA);
  return emit_comment(parser, output);
}

// http://www.whatwg.org/specs/web-apps/current-work/complete.html#markup-declaration-open-state
static StateResult handle_markup_declaration_state(
    GumboParser* parser, GumboTokenizerState* tokenizer,
    int c, GumboToken* output) {
  if (utf8iterator_maybe_consume_match(
      &tokenizer->_input, "--", sizeof("--") - 1, true)) {
    gumbo_tokenizer_set_state(parser, GUMBO_LEX_COMMENT_START);
    tokenizer->_reconsume_current_input = true;
  } else if (utf8iterator_maybe_consume_match(
      &tokenizer->_input, "DOCTYPE", sizeof("DOCTYPE") - 1, false)) {
    gumbo_tokenizer_set_state(parser, GUMBO_LEX_DOCTYPE);
    tokenizer->_reconsume_current_input = true;
    // If we get here, we know we'll eventually emit a doctype token, so now is
    // the time to initialize the doctype strings.  (Not in doctype_state_init,
    // since then they'll leak if ownership never gets transferred to the
    // doctype token.
    tokenizer->_doc_type_state.name = gumbo_copy_stringz(parser, "");
    tokenizer->_doc_type_state.public_identifier =
        gumbo_copy_stringz(parser, "");
    tokenizer->_doc_type_state.system_identifier =
        gumbo_copy_stringz(parser, "");
  } else if (tokenizer->_is_current_node_foreign &&
             utf8iterator_maybe_consume_match(
                &tokenizer->_input, "[CDATA[", sizeof("[CDATA[") - 1, true)) {
    gumbo_tokenizer_set_state(parser, GUMBO_LEX_CDATA);
    tokenizer->_reconsume_current_input = true;
  } else {
    add_parse_error(parser, GUMBO_ERR_DASHES_OR_DOCTYPE);
    gumbo_tokenizer_set_state(parser, GUMBO_LEX_BOGUS_COMMENT);
    tokenizer->_reconsume_current_input = true;
    clear_temporary_buffer(parser);
  }
  return NEXT_CHAR;
}

// http://www.whatwg.org/specs/web-apps/current-work/complete.html#comment-start-state
static StateResult handle_comment_start_state(
    GumboParser* parser, GumboTokenizerState* tokenizer,
    int c, GumboToken* output) {
  switch (c) {
    case '-':
      gumbo_tokenizer_set_state(parser, GUMBO_LEX_COMMENT_START_DASH);
      return NEXT_CHAR;
    case '\0':
      add_parse_error(parser, GUMBO_ERR_UTF8_NULL);
      gumbo_tokenizer_set_state(parser, GUMBO_LEX_COMMENT);
      append_char_to_temporary_buffer(parser, kUtf8ReplacementChar);
      return NEXT_CHAR;
    case '>':
      add_parse_error(parser, GUMBO_ERR_COMMENT_INVALID);
      gumbo_tokenizer_set_state(parser, GUMBO_LEX_DATA);
      emit_comment(parser, output);
      return RETURN_ERROR;
    case -1:
      add_parse_error(parser, GUMBO_ERR_COMMENT_EOF);
      gumbo_tokenizer_set_state(parser, GUMBO_LEX_DATA);
      emit_comment(parser, output);
      return RETURN_ERROR;
    default:
      gumbo_tokenizer_set_state(parser, GUMBO_LEX_COMMENT);
      append_char_to_temporary_buffer(parser, c);
      return NEXT_CHAR;
  }
}

// http://www.whatwg.org/specs/web-apps/current-work/complete.html#comment-start-dash-state
static StateResult handle_comment_start_dash_state(
    GumboParser* parser, GumboTokenizerState* tokenizer,
    int c, GumboToken* output) {
  switch (c) {
    case '-':
      gumbo_tokenizer_set_state(parser, GUMBO_LEX_COMMENT_END);
      return NEXT_CHAR;
    case '\0':
      add_parse_error(parser, GUMBO_ERR_UTF8_NULL);
      gumbo_tokenizer_set_state(parser, GUMBO_LEX_COMMENT);
      append_char_to_temporary_buffer(parser, '-');
      append_char_to_temporary_buffer(parser, kUtf8ReplacementChar);
      return NEXT_CHAR;
    case '>':
      add_parse_error(parser, GUMBO_ERR_COMMENT_INVALID);
      gumbo_tokenizer_set_state(parser, GUMBO_LEX_DATA);
      emit_comment(parser, output);
      return RETURN_ERROR;
    case -1:
      add_parse_error(parser, GUMBO_ERR_COMMENT_EOF);
      gumbo_tokenizer_set_state(parser, GUMBO_LEX_DATA);
      emit_comment(parser, output);
      return RETURN_ERROR;
    default:
      gumbo_tokenizer_set_state(parser, GUMBO_LEX_COMMENT);
      append_char_to_temporary_buffer(parser, '-');
      append_char_to_temporary_buffer(parser, c);
      return NEXT_CHAR;
  }
}

// http://www.whatwg.org/specs/web-apps/current-work/complete.html#comment-state
static StateResult handle_comment_state(
    GumboParser* parser, GumboTokenizerState* tokenizer,
    int c, GumboToken* output) {
  switch (c) {
    case '-':
      gumbo_tokenizer_set_state(parser, GUMBO_LEX_COMMENT_END_DASH);
      return NEXT_CHAR;
    case '\0':
      add_parse_error(parser, GUMBO_ERR_UTF8_NULL);
      append_char_to_temporary_buffer(parser, kUtf8ReplacementChar);
      return NEXT_CHAR;
    case -1:
      add_parse_error(parser, GUMBO_ERR_COMMENT_EOF);
      gumbo_tokenizer_set_state(parser, GUMBO_LEX_DATA);
      emit_comment(parser, output);
      return RETURN_ERROR;
    default:
      append_char_to_temporary_buffer(parser, c);
      return NEXT_CHAR;
  }
}

// http://www.whatwg.org/specs/web-apps/current-work/complete.html#comment-end-dash-state
static StateResult handle_comment_end_dash_state(
    GumboParser* parser, GumboTokenizerState* tokenizer,
    int c, GumboToken* output) {
  switch (c) {
    case '-':
      gumbo_tokenizer_set_state(parser, GUMBO_LEX_COMMENT_END);
      return NEXT_CHAR;
    case '\0':
      add_parse_error(parser, GUMBO_ERR_UTF8_NULL);
      gumbo_tokenizer_set_state(parser, GUMBO_LEX_COMMENT);
      append_char_to_temporary_buffer(parser, '-');
      append_char_to_temporary_buffer(parser, kUtf8ReplacementChar);
      return NEXT_CHAR;
    case -1:
      add_parse_error(parser, GUMBO_ERR_COMMENT_EOF);
      gumbo_tokenizer_set_state(parser, GUMBO_LEX_DATA);
      emit_comment(parser, output);
      return RETURN_ERROR;
    default:
      gumbo_tokenizer_set_state(parser, GUMBO_LEX_COMMENT);
      append_char_to_temporary_buffer(parser, '-');
      append_char_to_temporary_buffer(parser, c);
      return NEXT_CHAR;
  }
}

// http://www.whatwg.org/specs/web-apps/current-work/complete.html#comment-end-state
static StateResult handle_comment_end_state(
    GumboParser* parser, GumboTokenizerState* tokenizer,
    int c, GumboToken* output) {
  switch (c) {
    case '>':
      gumbo_tokenizer_set_state(parser, GUMBO_LEX_DATA);
      return emit_comment(parser, output);
    case '\0':
      add_parse_error(parser, GUMBO_ERR_UTF8_NULL);
      gumbo_tokenizer_set_state(parser, GUMBO_LEX_COMMENT);
      append_char_to_temporary_buffer(parser, '-');
      append_char_to_temporary_buffer(parser, '-');
      append_char_to_temporary_buffer(parser, kUtf8ReplacementChar);
      return NEXT_CHAR;
    case '!':
      add_parse_error(parser, GUMBO_ERR_COMMENT_BANG_AFTER_DOUBLE_DASH);
      gumbo_tokenizer_set_state(parser, GUMBO_LEX_COMMENT_END_BANG);
      return NEXT_CHAR;
    case '-':
      add_parse_error(parser, GUMBO_ERR_COMMENT_DASH_AFTER_DOUBLE_DASH);
      append_char_to_temporary_buffer(parser, '-');
      return NEXT_CHAR;
    case -1:
      add_parse_error(parser, GUMBO_ERR_UTF8_NULL);
      gumbo_tokenizer_set_state(parser, GUMBO_LEX_DATA);
      emit_comment(parser, output);
      return RETURN_ERROR;
    default:
      add_parse_error(parser, GUMBO_ERR_COMMENT_INVALID);
      gumbo_tokenizer_set_state(parser, GUMBO_LEX_COMMENT);
      append_char_to_temporary_buffer(parser, '-');
      append_char_to_temporary_buffer(parser, '-');
      append_char_to_temporary_buffer(parser, c);
      return NEXT_CHAR;
  }
}

// http://www.whatwg.org/specs/web-apps/current-work/complete.html#comment-end-bang-state
static StateResult handle_comment_end_bang_state(
    GumboParser* parser, GumboTokenizerState* tokenizer,
    int c, GumboToken* output) {
  switch (c) {
    case '-':
      gumbo_tokenizer_set_state(parser, GUMBO_LEX_COMMENT_END_DASH);
      append_char_to_temporary_buffer(parser, '-');
      append_char_to_temporary_buffer(parser, '-');
      append_char_to_temporary_buffer(parser, '!');
      return NEXT_CHAR;
    case '>':
      gumbo_tokenizer_set_state(parser, GUMBO_LEX_DATA);
      return emit_comment(parser, output);
    case '\0':
      add_parse_error(parser, GUMBO_ERR_UTF8_NULL);
      gumbo_tokenizer_set_state(parser, GUMBO_LEX_COMMENT);
      append_char_to_temporary_buffer(parser, '-');
      append_char_to_temporary_buffer(parser, '-');
      append_char_to_temporary_buffer(parser, '!');
      append_char_to_temporary_buffer(parser, kUtf8ReplacementChar);
      return NEXT_CHAR;
    case -1:
      add_parse_error(parser, GUMBO_ERR_COMMENT_END_BANG_EOF);
      gumbo_tokenizer_set_state(parser, GUMBO_LEX_DATA);
      emit_comment(parser, output);
      return RETURN_ERROR;
    default:
      gumbo_tokenizer_set_state(parser, GUMBO_LEX_COMMENT);
      append_char_to_temporary_buffer(parser, '-');
      append_char_to_temporary_buffer(parser, '-');
      append_char_to_temporary_buffer(parser, '!');
      append_char_to_temporary_buffer(parser, c);
      return NEXT_CHAR;
  }
}

// http://www.whatwg.org/specs/web-apps/current-work/complete5/tokenization.html#doctype-state
static StateResult handle_doctype_state(
    GumboParser* parser, GumboTokenizerState* tokenizer,
    int c, GumboToken* output) {
  assert(!tokenizer->_temporary_buffer.length);
  switch (c) {
    case '\t':
    case '\n':
    case '\f':
    case ' ':
      gumbo_tokenizer_set_state(parser, GUMBO_LEX_BEFORE_DOCTYPE_NAME);
      return NEXT_CHAR;
    case -1:
      add_parse_error(parser, GUMBO_ERR_DOCTYPE_EOF);
      gumbo_tokenizer_set_state(parser, GUMBO_LEX_DATA);
      tokenizer->_doc_type_state.force_quirks = true;
      emit_doctype(parser, output);
      return RETURN_ERROR;
    default:
      add_parse_error(parser, GUMBO_ERR_DOCTYPE_SPACE);
      gumbo_tokenizer_set_state(parser, GUMBO_LEX_BEFORE_DOCTYPE_NAME);
      tokenizer->_reconsume_current_input = true;
      tokenizer->_doc_type_state.force_quirks = true;
      return NEXT_CHAR;
  }
}

// http://www.whatwg.org/specs/web-apps/current-work/complete5/tokenization.html#before-doctype-name-state
static StateResult handle_before_doctype_name_state(
    GumboParser* parser, GumboTokenizerState* tokenizer,
    int c, GumboToken* output) {
  switch (c) {
    case '\t':
    case '\n':
    case '\f':
    case ' ':
      return NEXT_CHAR;
    case '\0':
      add_parse_error(parser, GUMBO_ERR_UTF8_NULL);
      gumbo_tokenizer_set_state(parser, GUMBO_LEX_DOCTYPE_NAME);
      tokenizer->_doc_type_state.force_quirks = true;
      append_char_to_temporary_buffer(parser, kUtf8ReplacementChar);
      return NEXT_CHAR;
    case '>':
      add_parse_error(parser, GUMBO_ERR_DOCTYPE_RIGHT_BRACKET);
      gumbo_tokenizer_set_state(parser, GUMBO_LEX_DATA);
      tokenizer->_doc_type_state.force_quirks = true;
      emit_doctype(parser, output);
      return RETURN_ERROR;
    case -1:
      add_parse_error(parser, GUMBO_ERR_DOCTYPE_EOF);
      gumbo_tokenizer_set_state(parser, GUMBO_LEX_DATA);
      tokenizer->_doc_type_state.force_quirks = true;
      emit_doctype(parser, output);
      return RETURN_ERROR;
    default:
      gumbo_tokenizer_set_state(parser, GUMBO_LEX_DOCTYPE_NAME);
      tokenizer->_doc_type_state.force_quirks = false;
      append_char_to_temporary_buffer(parser, ensure_lowercase(c));
      return NEXT_CHAR;
  }
}

// http://www.whatwg.org/specs/web-apps/current-work/complete5/tokenization.html#doctype-name-state
static StateResult handle_doctype_name_state(
    GumboParser* parser, GumboTokenizerState* tokenizer,
    int c, GumboToken* output) {
  switch (c) {
    case '\t':
    case '\n':
    case '\f':
    case ' ':
      gumbo_tokenizer_set_state(parser, GUMBO_LEX_AFTER_DOCTYPE_NAME);
      gumbo_parser_deallocate(parser, (void*) tokenizer->_doc_type_state.name);
      finish_temporary_buffer(
          parser, &tokenizer->_doc_type_state.name);
      return NEXT_CHAR;
    case '>':
      gumbo_tokenizer_set_state(parser, GUMBO_LEX_DATA);
      gumbo_parser_deallocate(parser, (void*) tokenizer->_doc_type_state.name);
      finish_temporary_buffer(
          parser, &tokenizer->_doc_type_state.name);
      emit_doctype(parser, output);
      return RETURN_SUCCESS;
    case '\0':
      add_parse_error(parser, GUMBO_ERR_UTF8_NULL);
      append_char_to_temporary_buffer(parser, kUtf8ReplacementChar);
      return NEXT_CHAR;
    case -1:
      add_parse_error(parser, GUMBO_ERR_DOCTYPE_EOF);
      gumbo_tokenizer_set_state(parser, GUMBO_LEX_DATA);
      tokenizer->_doc_type_state.force_quirks = true;
      gumbo_parser_deallocate(parser, (void*) tokenizer->_doc_type_state.name);
      finish_temporary_buffer(
          parser, &tokenizer->_doc_type_state.name);
      emit_doctype(parser, output);
      return RETURN_ERROR;
    default:
      gumbo_tokenizer_set_state(parser, GUMBO_LEX_DOCTYPE_NAME);
      tokenizer->_doc_type_state.force_quirks = false;
      append_char_to_temporary_buffer(parser, ensure_lowercase(c));
      return NEXT_CHAR;
  }
}

// http://www.whatwg.org/specs/web-apps/current-work/complete.html#after-doctype-name-state
static StateResult handle_after_doctype_name_state(
    GumboParser* parser, GumboTokenizerState* tokenizer,
    int c, GumboToken* output) {
  switch (c) {
    case '\t':
    case '\n':
    case '\f':
    case ' ':
      return NEXT_CHAR;
    case '>':
      gumbo_tokenizer_set_state(parser, GUMBO_LEX_DATA);
      emit_doctype(parser, output);
      return RETURN_SUCCESS;
    case -1:
      add_parse_error(parser, GUMBO_ERR_DOCTYPE_EOF);
      gumbo_tokenizer_set_state(parser, GUMBO_LEX_DATA);
      tokenizer->_doc_type_state.force_quirks = true;
      emit_doctype(parser, output);
      return RETURN_ERROR;
    default:
      if (utf8iterator_maybe_consume_match(
          &tokenizer->_input, "PUBLIC", sizeof("PUBLIC") - 1, false)) {
        gumbo_tokenizer_set_state(
            parser, GUMBO_LEX_AFTER_DOCTYPE_PUBLIC_KEYWORD);
        tokenizer->_reconsume_current_input = true;
      } else if (utf8iterator_maybe_consume_match(
          &tokenizer->_input, "SYSTEM", sizeof("SYSTEM") - 1, false)) {
        gumbo_tokenizer_set_state(
            parser, GUMBO_LEX_AFTER_DOCTYPE_SYSTEM_KEYWORD);
        tokenizer->_reconsume_current_input = true;
      } else {
        add_parse_error(parser, GUMBO_ERR_DOCTYPE_SPACE_OR_RIGHT_BRACKET);
        gumbo_tokenizer_set_state(parser, GUMBO_LEX_BOGUS_DOCTYPE);
        tokenizer->_doc_type_state.force_quirks = true;
      }
      return NEXT_CHAR;
  }
}

// http://www.whatwg.org/specs/web-apps/current-work/complete.html#after-doctype-public-keyword-state
static StateResult handle_after_doctype_public_keyword_state(
    GumboParser* parser, GumboTokenizerState* tokenizer,
    int c, GumboToken* output) {
  switch (c) {
    case '\t':
    case '\n':
    case '\f':
    case ' ':
      gumbo_tokenizer_set_state(
          parser, GUMBO_LEX_BEFORE_DOCTYPE_PUBLIC_ID);
      return NEXT_CHAR;
    case '"':
      add_parse_error(parser, GUMBO_ERR_DOCTYPE_INVALID);
      assert(temporary_buffer_equals(parser, ""));
      gumbo_tokenizer_set_state(
          parser, GUMBO_LEX_DOCTYPE_PUBLIC_ID_DOUBLE_QUOTED);
      return NEXT_CHAR;
    case '\'':
      add_parse_error(parser, GUMBO_ERR_DOCTYPE_INVALID);
      assert(temporary_buffer_equals(parser, ""));
      gumbo_tokenizer_set_state(
          parser, GUMBO_LEX_DOCTYPE_PUBLIC_ID_SINGLE_QUOTED);
      return NEXT_CHAR;
    case '>':
      add_parse_error(parser, GUMBO_ERR_DOCTYPE_RIGHT_BRACKET);
      gumbo_tokenizer_set_state(parser, GUMBO_LEX_DATA);
      tokenizer->_doc_type_state.force_quirks = true;
      emit_doctype(parser, output);
      return RETURN_ERROR;
    case -1:
      add_parse_error(parser, GUMBO_ERR_DOCTYPE_EOF);
      gumbo_tokenizer_set_state(parser, GUMBO_LEX_DATA);
      tokenizer->_doc_type_state.force_quirks = true;
      emit_doctype(parser, output);
      return RETURN_ERROR;
    default:
      add_parse_error(parser, GUMBO_ERR_DOCTYPE_INVALID);
      gumbo_tokenizer_set_state(parser, GUMBO_LEX_BOGUS_DOCTYPE);
      tokenizer->_doc_type_state.force_quirks = true;
      emit_doctype(parser, output);
      return RETURN_ERROR;
  }
}

// http://www.whatwg.org/specs/web-apps/current-work/complete.html#before-doctype-public-identifier-state
static StateResult handle_before_doctype_public_id_state(
    GumboParser* parser, GumboTokenizerState* tokenizer,
    int c, GumboToken* output) {
  switch (c) {
    case '\t':
    case '\n':
    case '\f':
    case ' ':
      return NEXT_CHAR;
    case '"':
      assert(temporary_buffer_equals(parser, ""));
      gumbo_tokenizer_set_state(
          parser, GUMBO_LEX_DOCTYPE_PUBLIC_ID_DOUBLE_QUOTED);
      return NEXT_CHAR;
    case '\'':
      assert(temporary_buffer_equals(parser, ""));
      gumbo_tokenizer_set_state(
          parser, GUMBO_LEX_DOCTYPE_PUBLIC_ID_SINGLE_QUOTED);
      return NEXT_CHAR;
    case '>':
      add_parse_error(parser, GUMBO_ERR_DOCTYPE_END);
      gumbo_tokenizer_set_state(parser, GUMBO_LEX_DATA);
      tokenizer->_doc_type_state.force_quirks = true;
      emit_doctype(parser, output);
      return RETURN_ERROR;
    case -1:
      add_parse_error(parser, GUMBO_ERR_DOCTYPE_EOF);
      gumbo_tokenizer_set_state(parser, GUMBO_LEX_DATA);
      tokenizer->_doc_type_state.force_quirks = true;
      emit_doctype(parser, output);
      return RETURN_ERROR;
    default:
      add_parse_error(parser, GUMBO_ERR_DOCTYPE_INVALID);
      gumbo_tokenizer_set_state(parser, GUMBO_LEX_BOGUS_DOCTYPE);
      tokenizer->_doc_type_state.force_quirks = true;
      emit_doctype(parser, output);
      return RETURN_ERROR;
  }
}

// http://www.whatwg.org/specs/web-apps/current-work/complete.html#doctype-public-identifier-(double-quoted)-state
static StateResult handle_doctype_public_id_double_quoted_state(
    GumboParser* parser, GumboTokenizerState* tokenizer,
    int c, GumboToken* output) {
  switch (c) {
    case '"':
      gumbo_tokenizer_set_state(parser, GUMBO_LEX_AFTER_DOCTYPE_PUBLIC_ID);
      finish_doctype_public_id(parser);
      return NEXT_CHAR;
    case '\0':
      add_parse_error(parser, GUMBO_ERR_UTF8_NULL);
      append_char_to_temporary_buffer(parser, kUtf8ReplacementChar);
      return NEXT_CHAR;
    case '>':
      add_parse_error(parser, GUMBO_ERR_DOCTYPE_END);
      gumbo_tokenizer_set_state(parser, GUMBO_LEX_DATA);
      tokenizer->_doc_type_state.force_quirks = true;
      finish_doctype_public_id(parser);
      emit_doctype(parser, output);
      return RETURN_ERROR;
    case -1:
      add_parse_error(parser, GUMBO_ERR_DOCTYPE_EOF);
      gumbo_tokenizer_set_state(parser, GUMBO_LEX_DATA);
      tokenizer->_doc_type_state.force_quirks = true;
      finish_doctype_public_id(parser);
      emit_doctype(parser, output);
      return RETURN_ERROR;
    default:
      append_char_to_temporary_buffer(parser, c);
      return NEXT_CHAR;
  }
}

// http://www.whatwg.org/specs/web-apps/current-work/complete.html#doctype-public-identifier-(single-quoted)-state
static StateResult handle_doctype_public_id_single_quoted_state(
    GumboParser* parser, GumboTokenizerState* tokenizer,
    int c, GumboToken* output) {
  switch (c) {
    case '\'':
      gumbo_tokenizer_set_state(parser, GUMBO_LEX_AFTER_DOCTYPE_PUBLIC_ID);
      finish_doctype_public_id(parser);
      return NEXT_CHAR;
    case '\0':
      add_parse_error(parser, GUMBO_ERR_UTF8_NULL);
      append_char_to_temporary_buffer(parser, kUtf8ReplacementChar);
      return NEXT_CHAR;
    case '>':
      add_parse_error(parser, GUMBO_ERR_DOCTYPE_END);
      gumbo_tokenizer_set_state(parser, GUMBO_LEX_DATA);
      tokenizer->_doc_type_state.force_quirks = true;
      finish_doctype_public_id(parser);
      emit_doctype(parser, output);
      return RETURN_ERROR;
    case -1:
      add_parse_error(parser, GUMBO_ERR_DOCTYPE_EOF);
      gumbo_tokenizer_set_state(parser, GUMBO_LEX_DATA);
      tokenizer->_doc_type_state.force_quirks = true;
      finish_doctype_public_id(parser);
      emit_doctype(parser, output);
      return RETURN_ERROR;
    default:
      append_char_to_temporary_buffer(parser, c);
      return NEXT_CHAR;
  }
}

// http://www.whatwg.org/specs/web-apps/current-work/complete.html#after-doctype-public-identifier-state
static StateResult handle_after_doctype_public_id_state(
    GumboParser* parser, GumboTokenizerState* tokenizer,
    int c, GumboToken* output) {
  switch (c) {
    case '\t':
    case '\n':
    case '\f':
    case ' ':
      gumbo_tokenizer_set_state(
          parser, GUMBO_LEX_BETWEEN_DOCTYPE_PUBLIC_SYSTEM_ID);
      return NEXT_CHAR;
    case '>':
      gumbo_tokenizer_set_state(parser, GUMBO_LEX_DATA);
      emit_doctype(parser, output);
      return RETURN_SUCCESS;
    case '"':
      add_parse_error(parser, GUMBO_ERR_DOCTYPE_INVALID);
      assert(temporary_buffer_equals(parser, ""));
      gumbo_tokenizer_set_state(
          parser, GUMBO_LEX_DOCTYPE_SYSTEM_ID_DOUBLE_QUOTED);
      return NEXT_CHAR;
    case '\'':
      add_parse_error(parser, GUMBO_ERR_DOCTYPE_INVALID);
      assert(temporary_buffer_equals(parser, ""));
      gumbo_tokenizer_set_state(
          parser, GUMBO_LEX_DOCTYPE_SYSTEM_ID_SINGLE_QUOTED);
      return NEXT_CHAR;
    case -1:
      add_parse_error(parser, GUMBO_ERR_DOCTYPE_EOF);
      gumbo_tokenizer_set_state(parser, GUMBO_LEX_DATA);
      tokenizer->_reconsume_current_input = true;
      tokenizer->_doc_type_state.force_quirks = true;
      return NEXT_CHAR;
    default:
      add_parse_error(parser, GUMBO_ERR_DOCTYPE_INVALID);
      gumbo_tokenizer_set_state(parser, GUMBO_LEX_BOGUS_DOCTYPE);
      tokenizer->_doc_type_state.force_quirks = true;
      return NEXT_CHAR;
  }
}

// http://www.whatwg.org/specs/web-apps/current-work/complete.html#between-doctype-public-and-system-identifiers-state
static StateResult handle_between_doctype_public_system_id_state(
    GumboParser* parser, GumboTokenizerState* tokenizer,
    int c, GumboToken* output) {
  switch (c) {
    case '\t':
    case '\n':
    case '\f':
    case ' ':
      return NEXT_CHAR;
    case '>':
      gumbo_tokenizer_set_state(parser, GUMBO_LEX_DATA);
      emit_doctype(parser, output);
      return RETURN_SUCCESS;
    case '"':
      assert(temporary_buffer_equals(parser, ""));
      gumbo_tokenizer_set_state(
          parser, GUMBO_LEX_DOCTYPE_SYSTEM_ID_DOUBLE_QUOTED);
      return NEXT_CHAR;
    case '\'':
      assert(temporary_buffer_equals(parser, ""));
      gumbo_tokenizer_set_state(
          parser, GUMBO_LEX_DOCTYPE_SYSTEM_ID_SINGLE_QUOTED);
      return NEXT_CHAR;
    case -1:
      add_parse_error(parser, GUMBO_ERR_DOCTYPE_EOF);
      gumbo_tokenizer_set_state(parser, GUMBO_LEX_DATA);
      tokenizer->_doc_type_state.force_quirks = true;
      emit_doctype(parser, output);
      return RETURN_ERROR;
    default:
      add_parse_error(parser, GUMBO_ERR_DOCTYPE_INVALID);
      gumbo_tokenizer_set_state(parser, GUMBO_LEX_BOGUS_DOCTYPE);
      tokenizer->_doc_type_state.force_quirks = true;
      emit_doctype(parser, output);
      return RETURN_ERROR;
  }
}

// http://www.whatwg.org/specs/web-apps/current-work/complete.html#after-doctype-system-keyword-state
static StateResult handle_after_doctype_system_keyword_state(
    GumboParser* parser, GumboTokenizerState* tokenizer,
    int c, GumboToken* output) {
  switch (c) {
    case '\t':
    case '\n':
    case '\f':
    case ' ':
      gumbo_tokenizer_set_state(parser, GUMBO_LEX_BEFORE_DOCTYPE_SYSTEM_ID);
      return NEXT_CHAR;
    case '"':
      add_parse_error(parser, GUMBO_ERR_DOCTYPE_INVALID);
      assert(temporary_buffer_equals(parser, ""));
      gumbo_tokenizer_set_state(
          parser, GUMBO_LEX_DOCTYPE_SYSTEM_ID_DOUBLE_QUOTED);
      return NEXT_CHAR;
    case '\'':
      add_parse_error(parser, GUMBO_ERR_DOCTYPE_INVALID);
      assert(temporary_buffer_equals(parser, ""));
      gumbo_tokenizer_set_state(
          parser, GUMBO_LEX_DOCTYPE_SYSTEM_ID_SINGLE_QUOTED);
      return NEXT_CHAR;
    case '>':
      add_parse_error(parser, GUMBO_ERR_DOCTYPE_END);
      gumbo_tokenizer_set_state(parser, GUMBO_LEX_DATA);
      tokenizer->_doc_type_state.force_quirks = true;
      emit_doctype(parser, output);
      return RETURN_ERROR;
    case -1:
      add_parse_error(parser, GUMBO_ERR_DOCTYPE_EOF);
      gumbo_tokenizer_set_state(parser, GUMBO_LEX_DATA);
      tokenizer->_doc_type_state.force_quirks = true;
      emit_doctype(parser, output);
      return RETURN_ERROR;
    default:
      add_parse_error(parser, GUMBO_ERR_DOCTYPE_INVALID);
      gumbo_tokenizer_set_state(parser, GUMBO_LEX_BOGUS_DOCTYPE);
      tokenizer->_doc_type_state.force_quirks = true;
      return NEXT_CHAR;
  }
}

// http://www.whatwg.org/specs/web-apps/current-work/complete.html#before-doctype-system-identifier-state
static StateResult handle_before_doctype_system_id_state(
    GumboParser* parser, GumboTokenizerState* tokenizer,
    int c, GumboToken* output) {
  switch (c) {
    case '\t':
    case '\n':
    case '\f':
    case ' ':
      return NEXT_CHAR;
    case '"':
      assert(temporary_buffer_equals(parser, ""));
      gumbo_tokenizer_set_state(
          parser, GUMBO_LEX_DOCTYPE_SYSTEM_ID_DOUBLE_QUOTED);
      return NEXT_CHAR;
    case '\'':
      assert(temporary_buffer_equals(parser, ""));
      gumbo_tokenizer_set_state(
          parser, GUMBO_LEX_DOCTYPE_SYSTEM_ID_SINGLE_QUOTED);
      return NEXT_CHAR;
    case '>':
      add_parse_error(parser, GUMBO_ERR_DOCTYPE_END);
      gumbo_tokenizer_set_state(parser, GUMBO_LEX_DATA);
      tokenizer->_doc_type_state.force_quirks = true;
      emit_doctype(parser, output);
      return RETURN_ERROR;
    case -1:
      add_parse_error(parser, GUMBO_ERR_DOCTYPE_EOF);
      gumbo_tokenizer_set_state(parser, GUMBO_LEX_DATA);
      tokenizer->_doc_type_state.force_quirks = true;
      emit_doctype(parser, output);
      return RETURN_ERROR;
    default:
      add_parse_error(parser, GUMBO_ERR_DOCTYPE_INVALID);
      gumbo_tokenizer_set_state(parser, GUMBO_LEX_BOGUS_DOCTYPE);
      tokenizer->_doc_type_state.force_quirks = true;
      return NEXT_CHAR;
  }
}

// http://www.whatwg.org/specs/web-apps/current-work/complete.html#doctype-system-identifier-(double-quoted)-state
static StateResult handle_doctype_system_id_double_quoted_state(
    GumboParser* parser, GumboTokenizerState* tokenizer,
    int c, GumboToken* output) {
  switch (c) {
    case '"':
      gumbo_tokenizer_set_state(parser, GUMBO_LEX_AFTER_DOCTYPE_SYSTEM_ID);
      finish_doctype_system_id(parser);
      return NEXT_CHAR;
    case '\0':
      add_parse_error(parser, GUMBO_ERR_UTF8_NULL);
      append_char_to_temporary_buffer(parser, kUtf8ReplacementChar);
      return NEXT_CHAR;
    case '>':
      add_parse_error(parser, GUMBO_ERR_DOCTYPE_END);
      gumbo_tokenizer_set_state(parser, GUMBO_LEX_DATA);
      tokenizer->_doc_type_state.force_quirks = true;
      finish_doctype_system_id(parser);
      emit_doctype(parser, output);
      return RETURN_ERROR;
    case -1:
      add_parse_error(parser, GUMBO_ERR_DOCTYPE_EOF);
      gumbo_tokenizer_set_state(parser, GUMBO_LEX_DATA);
      tokenizer->_doc_type_state.force_quirks = true;
      finish_doctype_system_id(parser);
      emit_doctype(parser, output);
      return RETURN_ERROR;
    default:
      append_char_to_temporary_buffer(parser, c);
      return NEXT_CHAR;
  }
}

// http://www.whatwg.org/specs/web-apps/current-work/complete.html#doctype-system-identifier-(single-quoted)-state
static StateResult handle_doctype_system_id_single_quoted_state(
    GumboParser* parser, GumboTokenizerState* tokenizer,
    int c, GumboToken* output) {
  switch (c) {
    case '\'':
      gumbo_tokenizer_set_state(parser, GUMBO_LEX_AFTER_DOCTYPE_SYSTEM_ID);
      finish_doctype_system_id(parser);
      return NEXT_CHAR;
    case '\0':
      add_parse_error(parser, GUMBO_ERR_UTF8_NULL);
      append_char_to_temporary_buffer(parser, kUtf8ReplacementChar);
      return NEXT_CHAR;
    case '>':
      add_parse_error(parser, GUMBO_ERR_DOCTYPE_END);
      gumbo_tokenizer_set_state(parser, GUMBO_LEX_DATA);
      tokenizer->_doc_type_state.force_quirks = true;
      finish_doctype_system_id(parser);
      emit_doctype(parser, output);
      return RETURN_ERROR;
    case -1:
      add_parse_error(parser, GUMBO_ERR_DOCTYPE_INVALID);
      gumbo_tokenizer_set_state(parser, GUMBO_LEX_DATA);
      tokenizer->_doc_type_state.force_quirks = true;
      finish_doctype_system_id(parser);
      emit_doctype(parser, output);
      return RETURN_ERROR;
    default:
      append_char_to_temporary_buffer(parser, c);
      return NEXT_CHAR;
  }
}

// http://www.whatwg.org/specs/web-apps/current-work/complete.html#after-doctype-system-identifier-state
static StateResult handle_after_doctype_system_id_state(
    GumboParser* parser, GumboTokenizerState* tokenizer,
    int c, GumboToken* output) {
  switch (c) {
    case '\t':
    case '\n':
    case '\f':
    case ' ':
      return NEXT_CHAR;
    case '>':
      gumbo_tokenizer_set_state(parser, GUMBO_LEX_DATA);
      emit_doctype(parser, output);
      return RETURN_SUCCESS;
    case -1:
      add_parse_error(parser, GUMBO_ERR_DOCTYPE_EOF);
      gumbo_tokenizer_set_state(parser, GUMBO_LEX_DATA);
      tokenizer->_doc_type_state.force_quirks = true;
      emit_doctype(parser, output);
      return RETURN_ERROR;
    default:
      add_parse_error(parser, GUMBO_ERR_DOCTYPE_INVALID);
      gumbo_tokenizer_set_state(parser, GUMBO_LEX_BOGUS_DOCTYPE);
      return NEXT_CHAR;
  }
}

// http://www.whatwg.org/specs/web-apps/current-work/complete.html#bogus-doctype-state
static StateResult handle_bogus_doctype_state(
    GumboParser* parser, GumboTokenizerState* tokenizer,
    int c, GumboToken* output) {
  if (c == '>' || c == -1) {
    gumbo_tokenizer_set_state(parser, GUMBO_LEX_DATA);
    emit_doctype(parser, output);
    return RETURN_ERROR;
  }
  return NEXT_CHAR;
}

// http://www.whatwg.org/specs/web-apps/current-work/complete.html#cdata-section-state
static StateResult handle_cdata_state(
    GumboParser* parser, GumboTokenizerState* tokenizer,
    int c, GumboToken* output) {
  if (c == -1 || utf8iterator_maybe_consume_match(
      &tokenizer->_input, "]]>", sizeof("]]>") - 1, true)) {
    tokenizer->_reconsume_current_input = true;
    reset_token_start_point(tokenizer);
    gumbo_tokenizer_set_state(parser, GUMBO_LEX_DATA);
    return NEXT_CHAR;
  } else {
    return emit_current_char(parser, output);
  }
}

typedef StateResult (*GumboLexerStateFunction)(
    GumboParser*, GumboTokenizerState*, int, GumboToken*);

static GumboLexerStateFunction dispatch_table[] = {
  handle_data_state,
  handle_char_ref_in_data_state,
  handle_rcdata_state,
  handle_char_ref_in_rcdata_state,
  handle_rawtext_state,
  handle_script_state,
  handle_plaintext_state,
  handle_tag_open_state,
  handle_end_tag_open_state,
  handle_tag_name_state,
  handle_rcdata_lt_state,
  handle_rcdata_end_tag_open_state,
  handle_rcdata_end_tag_name_state,
  handle_rawtext_lt_state,
  handle_rawtext_end_tag_open_state,
  handle_rawtext_end_tag_name_state,
  handle_script_lt_state,
  handle_script_end_tag_open_state,
  handle_script_end_tag_name_state,
  handle_script_escaped_start_state,
  handle_script_escaped_start_dash_state,
  handle_script_escaped_state,
  handle_script_escaped_dash_state,
  handle_script_escaped_dash_dash_state,
  handle_script_escaped_lt_state,
  handle_script_escaped_end_tag_open_state,
  handle_script_escaped_end_tag_name_state,
  handle_script_double_escaped_start_state,
  handle_script_double_escaped_state,
  handle_script_double_escaped_dash_state,
  handle_script_double_escaped_dash_dash_state,
  handle_script_double_escaped_lt_state,
  handle_script_double_escaped_end_state,
  handle_before_attr_name_state,
  handle_attr_name_state,
  handle_after_attr_name_state,
  handle_before_attr_value_state,
  handle_attr_value_double_quoted_state,
  handle_attr_value_single_quoted_state,
  handle_attr_value_unquoted_state,
  handle_char_ref_in_attr_value_state,
  handle_after_attr_value_quoted_state,
  handle_self_closing_start_tag_state,
  handle_bogus_comment_state,
  handle_markup_declaration_state,
  handle_comment_start_state,
  handle_comment_start_dash_state,
  handle_comment_state,
  handle_comment_end_dash_state,
  handle_comment_end_state,
  handle_comment_end_bang_state,
  handle_doctype_state,
  handle_before_doctype_name_state,
  handle_doctype_name_state,
  handle_after_doctype_name_state,
  handle_after_doctype_public_keyword_state,
  handle_before_doctype_public_id_state,
  handle_doctype_public_id_double_quoted_state,
  handle_doctype_public_id_single_quoted_state,
  handle_after_doctype_public_id_state,
  handle_between_doctype_public_system_id_state,
  handle_after_doctype_system_keyword_state,
  handle_before_doctype_system_id_state,
  handle_doctype_system_id_double_quoted_state,
  handle_doctype_system_id_single_quoted_state,
  handle_after_doctype_system_id_state,
  handle_bogus_doctype_state,
  handle_cdata_state
};

bool gumbo_lex(GumboParser* parser, GumboToken* output) {
  // Because of the spec requirements that...
  //
  // 1. Tokens be handled immediately by the parser upon emission.
  // 2. Some states (eg. CDATA, or various error conditions) require the
  // emission of multiple tokens in the same states.
  // 3. The tokenizer often has to reconsume the same character in a different
  // state.
  //
  // ...all state must be held in the GumboTokenizer struct instead of in local
  // variables in this function.  That allows us to return from this method with
  // a token, and then immediately jump back to the same state with the same
  // input if we need to return a different token.  The various emit_* functions
  // are responsible for changing state (eg. flushing the chardata buffer,
  // reading the next input character) to avoid an infinite loop.
  GumboTokenizerState* tokenizer = parser->_tokenizer_state;

  if (tokenizer->_buffered_emit_char != kGumboNoChar) {
    tokenizer->_reconsume_current_input = true;
    emit_char(parser, tokenizer->_buffered_emit_char, output);
    // And now that we've avoided advancing the input, make sure we set
    // _reconsume_current_input back to false to make sure the *next* character
    // isn't consumed twice.
    tokenizer->_reconsume_current_input = false;
    tokenizer->_buffered_emit_char = kGumboNoChar;
    return true;
  }

  if (maybe_emit_from_temporary_buffer(parser, output)) {
    return true;
  }

  while (1) {
    assert(!tokenizer->_temporary_buffer_emit);
    assert(tokenizer->_buffered_emit_char == kGumboNoChar);
    int c = utf8iterator_current(&tokenizer->_input);
    gumbo_debug("Lexing character '%c' in state %d.\n", c, tokenizer->_state);
    StateResult result =
        dispatch_table[tokenizer->_state](parser, tokenizer, c, output);
    // We need to clear reconsume_current_input before returning to prevent
    // certain infinite loop states.
    bool should_advance = !tokenizer->_reconsume_current_input;
    tokenizer->_reconsume_current_input = false;

    if (result == RETURN_SUCCESS) {
      return true;
    } else if(result == RETURN_ERROR) {
      return false;
    }

    if (should_advance) {
      utf8iterator_next(&tokenizer->_input);
    }
  }
}

void gumbo_token_destroy(GumboParser* parser, GumboToken* token) {
  if (!token) return;

  switch (token->type) {
    case GUMBO_TOKEN_DOCTYPE:
      gumbo_parser_deallocate(parser, (void*) token->v.doc_type.name);
      gumbo_parser_deallocate(
          parser, (void*) token->v.doc_type.public_identifier);
      gumbo_parser_deallocate(
          parser, (void*) token->v.doc_type.system_identifier);
      return;
    case GUMBO_TOKEN_START_TAG:
      for (int i = 0; i < token->v.start_tag.attributes.length; ++i) {
        GumboAttribute* attr = token->v.start_tag.attributes.data[i];
        if (attr) {
          // May have been nulled out if this token was merged with another.
          gumbo_destroy_attribute(parser, attr);
        }
      }
      gumbo_parser_deallocate(
          parser, (void*) token->v.start_tag.attributes.data);
      return;
    case GUMBO_TOKEN_COMMENT:
      gumbo_parser_deallocate(parser, (void*) token->v.text);
      return;
    default:
      return;
  }
}