//
// Copyright (c) 2008-2014 the Urho3D project.
//
// Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
// of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
// in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
// to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
// copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
// furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
//
// The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
// all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
//
// THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
// IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
// FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
// AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
// LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
// OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
// THE SOFTWARE.
//

#pragma once

#include "RefCounted.h"

#include <cassert>
#include <cstddef>

namespace Urho3D
{

/// Shared pointer template class with intrusive reference counting.
template <class T> class SharedPtr
{
public:
    /// Construct a null shared pointer.
    SharedPtr() :
        ptr_(0)
    {
    }
    
    /// Copy-construct from another shared pointer.
    SharedPtr(const SharedPtr<T>& rhs) :
        ptr_(rhs.ptr_)
    {
        AddRef();
    }
    
    /// Construct from a raw pointer.
    explicit SharedPtr(T* ptr) :
        ptr_(ptr)
    {
        AddRef();
    }
    
    /// Destruct. Release the object reference.
    ~SharedPtr()
    {
        ReleaseRef();
    }
    
    /// Assign from another shared pointer.
    SharedPtr<T>& operator = (const SharedPtr<T>& rhs)
    {
        if (ptr_ == rhs.ptr_)
            return *this;
        
        ReleaseRef();
        ptr_ = rhs.ptr_;
        AddRef();
        
        return *this;
    }
    
    /// Assign from a raw pointer.
    SharedPtr<T>& operator = (T* ptr)
    {
        if (ptr_ == ptr)
            return *this;
        
        ReleaseRef();
        ptr_ = ptr;
        AddRef();
        
        return *this;
    }
    
    /// Point to the object.
    T* operator -> () const { assert(ptr_); return ptr_; }
    /// Dereference the object.
    T& operator * () const { assert(ptr_); return *ptr_; }
    /// Subscript the object if applicable.
    T& operator [] (const int index) { assert(ptr_); return ptr_[index]; }
    /// Test for less than with another shared pointer.
    bool operator < (const SharedPtr<T>& rhs) const { return ptr_ < rhs.ptr_; }
    /// Test for equality with another shared pointer.
    bool operator == (const SharedPtr<T>& rhs) const { return ptr_ == rhs.ptr_; }
    /// Test for inequality with another shared pointer.
    bool operator != (const SharedPtr<T>& rhs) const { return ptr_ != rhs.ptr_; }
    /// Convert to a raw pointer.
    operator T* () const { return ptr_; }
    
    /// Reset to null and release the object reference.
    void Reset() { ReleaseRef(); }
    
    /// Detach without destroying the object even if the refcount goes zero. To be used for scripting language interoperation.
    void Detach()
    {
        if (ptr_)
        {
            RefCount* refCount = RefCountPtr();
            ++refCount->refs_; // 2 refs
            Reset(); // 1 ref
            --refCount->refs_; // 0 refs
        }
    }
    
    /// Perform a static cast from a shared pointer of another type.
    template <class U> void StaticCast(const SharedPtr<U>& rhs)
    {
        ReleaseRef();
        ptr_ = static_cast<T*>(rhs.Get());
        AddRef();
    }
    
    /// Perform a dynamic cast from a shared pointer of another type.
    template <class U> void DynamicCast(const SharedPtr<U>& rhs)
    {
        ReleaseRef();
        ptr_ = dynamic_cast<T*>(rhs.Get());
        AddRef();
    }
    
    /// Check if the pointer is null.
    bool Null() const { return ptr_ == 0; }
    /// Check if the pointer is not null.
    bool NotNull() const { return ptr_ != 0; }
    /// Return the raw pointer.
    T* Get() const { return ptr_; }
    /// Return the object's reference count, or 0 if the pointer is null.
    int Refs() const { return ptr_ ? ptr_->Refs() : 0; }
    /// Return the object's weak reference count, or 0 if the pointer is null.
    int WeakRefs() const { return ptr_ ? ptr_->WeakRefs() : 0; }
    /// Return pointer to the RefCount structure.
    RefCount* RefCountPtr() const { return ptr_ ? ptr_->RefCountPtr() : 0; }
    /// Return hash value for HashSet & HashMap.
    unsigned ToHash() const { return ((unsigned)(size_t)ptr_) / sizeof(T); }
    
private:
    /// Prevent direct assignment from a shared pointer of another type.
    template <class U> SharedPtr<T>& operator = (const SharedPtr<U>& rhs);
    
    /// Add a reference to the object pointed to.
    void AddRef()
    {
        if (ptr_)
            ptr_->AddRef();
    }
    
    /// Release the object reference and delete it if necessary.
    void ReleaseRef()
    {
        if (ptr_)
        {
            ptr_->ReleaseRef();
            ptr_ = 0;
        }
    }
    
    /// Pointer to the object.
    T* ptr_;
};

/// Perform a static cast from one shared pointer type to another.
template <class T, class U> SharedPtr<T> StaticCast(const SharedPtr<U>& ptr)
{
    SharedPtr<T> ret;
    ret.StaticCast(ptr);
    return ret;
}

/// Perform a dynamic cast from one weak pointer type to another.
template <class T, class U> SharedPtr<T> DynamicCast(const SharedPtr<U>& ptr)
{
    SharedPtr<T> ret;
    ret.DynamicCast(ptr);
    return ret;
}

/// Weak pointer template class with intrusive reference counting. Does not keep the object pointed to alive.
template <class T> class WeakPtr
{
public:
    /// Construct a null weak pointer.
    WeakPtr() :
        ptr_(0),
        refCount_(0)
    {
    }
    
    /// Copy-construct from another weak pointer.
    WeakPtr(const WeakPtr<T>& rhs) :
        ptr_(rhs.ptr_),
        refCount_(rhs.refCount_)
    {
        AddRef();
    }
    
    /// Construct from a shared pointer.
    WeakPtr(const SharedPtr<T>& rhs) :
        ptr_(rhs.Get()),
        refCount_(rhs.RefCountPtr())
    {
        AddRef();
    }
    
    /// Construct from a raw pointer.
    explicit WeakPtr(T* ptr) :
        ptr_(ptr),
        refCount_(ptr ? ptr->RefCountPtr() : 0)
    {
        AddRef();
    }
    
    /// Destruct. Release the weak reference to the object.
    ~WeakPtr()
    {
        ReleaseRef();
    }
    
    /// Assign from a shared pointer.
    WeakPtr<T>& operator = (const SharedPtr<T>& rhs)
    {
        if (ptr_ == rhs.Get() && refCount_ == rhs.RefCountPtr())
            return *this;
        
        ReleaseRef();
        ptr_ = rhs.Get();
        refCount_ = rhs.RefCountPtr();
        AddRef();
        
        return *this;
    }
    
    /// Assign from a weak pointer.
    WeakPtr<T>& operator = (const WeakPtr<T>& rhs)
    {
        if (ptr_ == rhs.ptr_ && refCount_ == rhs.refCount_)
            return *this;
        
        ReleaseRef();
        ptr_ = rhs.ptr_;
        refCount_ = rhs.refCount_;
        AddRef();
        
        return *this;
    }
    
    /// Assign from a raw pointer.
    WeakPtr<T>& operator = (T* ptr)
    {
        RefCount* refCount = ptr ? ptr->RefCountPtr() : 0;
        
        if (ptr_ == ptr && refCount_ == refCount)
            return *this;
        
        ReleaseRef();
        ptr_ = ptr;
        refCount_ = refCount;
        AddRef();
        
        return *this;
    }
    
    /// Convert to a shared pointer. If expired, return a null shared pointer.
    SharedPtr<T> Lock() const
    {
        if (Expired())
            return SharedPtr<T>();
        else
            return SharedPtr<T>(ptr_);
    }
    
    /// Return raw pointer. If expired, return null.
    T* Get() const
    {
        if (Expired())
            return 0;
        else
            return ptr_;
    }
    
    /// Point to the object.
    T* operator -> () const
    {
        T* rawPtr = Get();
        assert(rawPtr);
        return rawPtr;
    }
    
    /// Dereference the object.
    T& operator * () const
    {
        T* rawPtr = Get();
        assert(rawPtr);
        return *rawPtr;
    }
    
    /// Subscript the object if applicable.
    T& operator [] (const int index)
    {
        T* rawPtr = Get();
        assert(rawPtr);
        return (*rawPtr)[index];
    }
    
    /// Test for equality with another weak pointer.
    bool operator == (const WeakPtr<T>& rhs) const { return ptr_ == rhs.ptr_ && refCount_ == rhs.refCount_; }
    /// Test for inequality with another weak pointer.
    bool operator != (const WeakPtr<T>& rhs) const { return ptr_ != rhs.ptr_ || refCount_ != rhs.refCount_; }
    /// Test for less than with another weak pointer.
    bool operator < (const WeakPtr<T>& rhs) const { return ptr_ < rhs.ptr_; }
    /// Convert to a raw pointer, null if the object is expired.
    operator T* () const { return Get(); }
    
    /// Reset to null and release the weak reference.
    void Reset() { ReleaseRef(); }
    
    /// Perform a static cast from a weak pointer of another type.
    template <class U> void StaticCast(const WeakPtr<U>& rhs)
    {
        ReleaseRef();
        ptr_ = static_cast<T*>(rhs.Get());
        refCount_ = rhs.refCount_;
        AddRef();
    }
    
    /// Perform a dynamic cast from a weak pointer of another type.
    template <class U> void DynamicCast(const WeakPtr<U>& rhs)
    {
        ReleaseRef();
        ptr_ = dynamic_cast<T*>(rhs.Get());
        
        if (ptr_)
        {
            refCount_ = rhs.refCount_;
            AddRef();
        }
        else
            refCount_ = 0;
    }
    
    /// Check if the pointer is null.
    bool Null() const { return refCount_ == 0; }
    /// Check if the pointer is not null.
    bool NotNull() const { return refCount_ != 0; }
    /// Return the object's reference count, or 0 if null pointer or if object has expired.
    int Refs() const { return (refCount_ && refCount_->refs_ >= 0) ? refCount_->refs_ : 0; }
    
    /// Return the object's weak reference count.
    int WeakRefs() const
    {
        if (!Expired())
            return ptr_->WeakRefs();
        else
            return refCount_ ? refCount_->weakRefs_ : 0;
    }
    
    /// Return whether the object has expired. If null pointer, always return true.
    bool Expired() const { return refCount_ ? refCount_->refs_ < 0 : true; }
    /// Return pointer to the RefCount structure.
    RefCount* RefCountPtr() const { return refCount_; }
    /// Return hash value for HashSet & HashMap.
    unsigned ToHash() const { return ((unsigned)(size_t)ptr_) / sizeof(T); }
    
private:
    /// Prevent direct assignment from a weak pointer of different type.
    template <class U> WeakPtr<T>& operator = (const WeakPtr<U>& rhs);
    
    /// Add a weak reference to the object pointed to.
    void AddRef()
    {
        if (refCount_)
        {
            assert(refCount_->weakRefs_ >= 0);
            ++(refCount_->weakRefs_);
        }
    }
    
    /// Release the weak reference. Delete the Refcount structure if necessary.
    void ReleaseRef()
    {
        if (refCount_)
        {
            assert(refCount_->weakRefs_ > 0);
            --(refCount_->weakRefs_);
            
            if (Expired() && !refCount_->weakRefs_)
                delete refCount_;
        }
        
        ptr_ = 0;
        refCount_ = 0;
    }
    
    /// Pointer to the object.
    T* ptr_;
    /// Pointer to the RefCount structure.
    RefCount* refCount_;
};

/// Perform a static cast from one weak pointer type to another.
template <class T, class U> WeakPtr<T> StaticCast(const WeakPtr<U>& ptr)
{
    WeakPtr<T> ret;
    ret.StaticCast(ptr);
    return ret;
}

/// Perform a dynamic cast from one weak pointer type to another.
template <class T, class U> WeakPtr<T> DynamicCast(const WeakPtr<U>& ptr)
{
    WeakPtr<T> ret;
    ret.DynamicCast(ptr);
    return ret;
}

}
