urho3d/Source/Engine/Container/HashMap.h

//
// Copyright (c) 2008-2014 the Urho3D project.
//
// Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
// of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
// in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
// to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
// copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
// furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
//
// The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
// all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
//
// THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
// IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
// FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
// AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
// LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
// OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
// THE SOFTWARE.
//

#pragma once

#include "HashBase.h"
#include "Pair.h"
#include "Sort.h"
#include "Vector.h"

#include <cassert>

namespace Urho3D
{

/// Hash map template class.
template <class T, class U> class HashMap : public HashBase
{
public:
    /// Hash map key-value pair with const key.
    class KeyValue
    {
    public:
        /// Construct with default key.
        KeyValue() :
            first_(T())
        {
        }
        
        /// Construct with key and value.
        KeyValue(const T& first, const U& second) :
            first_(first),
            second_(second)
        {
        }
        
        /// Test for equality with another pair.
        bool operator == (const KeyValue& rhs) const { return first_ == rhs.first_ && second_ == rhs.second_; }
        /// Test for inequality with another pair.
        bool operator != (const KeyValue& rhs) const { return first_ != rhs.first_ || second_ != rhs.second_; }
        
        /// Key.
        const T first_;
        /// Value.
        U second_;
    };
    
    /// Hash map node.
    struct Node : public HashNodeBase
    {
        /// Construct undefined.
        Node()
        {
        }
        
        /// Construct with key and value.
        Node(const T& key, const U& value) :
            pair_(key, value)
        {
        }
        
        /// Key-value pair.
        KeyValue pair_;
        
        /// Return next node.
        Node* Next() const { return static_cast<Node*>(next_); }
        /// Return previous node.
        Node* Prev() const { return static_cast<Node*>(prev_); }
        /// Return next node in the bucket.
        Node* Down() const { return static_cast<Node*>(down_); }
    };
    
    /// Hash map node iterator.
    struct Iterator : public HashIteratorBase
    {
        /// Construct.
        Iterator()
        {
        }
        
        /// Construct with a node pointer.
        Iterator(Node* ptr) :
            HashIteratorBase(ptr)
        {
        }
        
        /// Preincrement the pointer.
        Iterator& operator ++ () { GotoNext(); return *this; }
        /// Postincrement the pointer.
        Iterator operator ++ (int) { Iterator it = *this; GotoNext(); return it; }
        /// Predecrement the pointer.
        Iterator& operator -- () { GotoPrev(); return *this; }
        /// Postdecrement the pointer.
        Iterator operator -- (int) { Iterator it = *this; GotoPrev(); return it; }
        
        /// Point to the pair.
        KeyValue* operator -> () const { return &(static_cast<Node*>(ptr_))->pair_; }
        /// Dereference the pair.
        KeyValue& operator * () const { return (static_cast<Node*>(ptr_))->pair_; }
    };
    
    /// Hash map node const iterator.
    struct ConstIterator : public HashIteratorBase
    {
        /// Construct.
        ConstIterator()
        {
        }
        
        /// Construct with a node pointer.
        ConstIterator(Node* ptr) :
            HashIteratorBase(ptr)
        {
        }
        
        /// Construct from a non-const iterator.
        ConstIterator(const Iterator& rhs) :
            HashIteratorBase(rhs.ptr_)
        {
        }
        
        /// Assign from a non-const iterator.
        ConstIterator& operator = (const Iterator& rhs) { ptr_ = rhs.ptr_; return *this; }
        /// Preincrement the pointer.
        ConstIterator& operator ++ () { GotoNext(); return *this; }
        /// Postincrement the pointer.
        ConstIterator operator ++ (int) { ConstIterator it = *this; GotoNext(); return it; }
        /// Predecrement the pointer.
        ConstIterator& operator -- () { GotoPrev(); return *this; }
        /// Postdecrement the pointer.
        ConstIterator operator -- (int) { ConstIterator it = *this; GotoPrev(); return it; }
        
        /// Point to the pair.
        const KeyValue* operator -> () const { return &(static_cast<Node*>(ptr_))->pair_; }
        /// Dereference the pair.
        const KeyValue& operator * () const { return (static_cast<Node*>(ptr_))->pair_; }
    };
    
    /// Construct empty.
    HashMap()
    {
        // Reserve the tail node
        allocator_ = AllocatorInitialize(sizeof(Node));
        head_ = tail_ = ReserveNode();
    }
    
    /// Construct from another hash map.
    HashMap(const HashMap<T, U>& map)
    {
        // Reserve the tail node + initial capacity according to the map's size
        allocator_ = AllocatorInitialize(sizeof(Node), map.Size() + 1);
        head_ = tail_ = ReserveNode();
        *this = map;
    }
    
    /// Destruct.
    ~HashMap()
    {
        Clear();
        FreeNode(Tail());
        AllocatorUninitialize(allocator_);
    }
    
    /// Assign a hash map.
    HashMap& operator = (const HashMap<T, U>& rhs)
    {
        Clear();
        Insert(rhs);
        return *this;
    }
    
    /// Add-assign a pair.
    HashMap& operator += (const Pair<T, U>& rhs)
    {
        Insert(rhs);
        return *this;
    }
    
    /// Add-assign a hash map.
    HashMap& operator += (const HashMap<T, U>& rhs)
    {
        Insert(rhs);
        return *this;
    }
    
    /// Test for equality with another hash map.
    bool operator == (const HashMap<T, U>& rhs) const
    {
        if (rhs.Size() != Size())
            return false;
        
        ConstIterator i = Begin();
        while (i != End())
        {
            ConstIterator j = rhs.Find(i->first_);
            if (j == rhs.End() || j->second_ != i->second_)
                return false;
            ++i;
        }
        
        return true;
    }
    
    /// Test for inequality with another hash map.
    bool operator != (const HashMap<T, U>& rhs) const
    {
        if (rhs.Size() != Size())
            return true;
        
        ConstIterator i = Begin();
        while (i != End())
        {
            ConstIterator j = rhs.Find(i->first_);
            if (j == rhs.End() || j->second_ != i->second_)
                return true;
            ++i;
        }
        
        return false;
    }
    
    /// Index the map. Create a new pair if key not found.
    U& operator [] (const T& key)
    {
        if (!ptrs_)
            return InsertNode(key, U(), false)->pair_.second_;
        
        unsigned hashKey = Hash(key);
        
        Node* node = FindNode(key, hashKey);
        if (node)
            return node->pair_.second_;
        else
            return InsertNode(key, U(), false)->pair_.second_;
    }
    
    /// Insert a pair. Return an iterator to it.
    Iterator Insert(const Pair<T, U>& pair)
    {
        return Iterator(InsertNode(pair.first_, pair.second_));
    }
    
    /// Insert a map.
    void Insert(const HashMap<T, U>& map)
    {
        ConstIterator it = map.Begin();
        ConstIterator end = map.End();
        while (it != end)
        {
            InsertNode(it->first_, it->second_);
            ++it;
        }
    }
    
    /// Insert a pair by iterator. Return iterator to the value.
    Iterator Insert(const ConstIterator& it) { return Iterator(InsertNode(it->first_, it->second_)); }
    
    /// Insert a range by iterators.
    void Insert(const ConstIterator& start, const ConstIterator& end)
    {
        ConstIterator it = start;
        while (it != end)
            InsertNode(*it++);
    }
    
    /// Erase a pair by key. Return true if was found.
    bool Erase(const T& key)
    {
        if (!ptrs_)
            return false;
        
        unsigned hashKey = Hash(key);
        
        Node* previous;
        Node* node = FindNode(key, hashKey, previous);
        if (!node)
            return false;
        
        if (previous)
            previous->down_ = node->down_;
        else
            Ptrs()[hashKey] = node->down_;
        
        EraseNode(node);
        return true;
    }
    
    /// Erase a pair by iterator. Return iterator to the next pair.
    Iterator Erase(const Iterator& it)
    {
        if (!ptrs_ || !it.ptr_)
            return End();
        
        Node* node = static_cast<Node*>(it.ptr_);
        Node* next = node->Next();
        
        unsigned hashKey = Hash(node->pair_.first_);
        
        Node* previous = 0;
        Node* current = static_cast<Node*>(Ptrs()[hashKey]);
        while (current && current != node)
        {
            previous = current;
            current = current->Down();
        }
        
        assert(current == node);
        
        if (previous)
            previous->down_ = node->down_;
        else
            Ptrs()[hashKey] = node->down_;
        
        EraseNode(node);
        return Iterator(next);
    }
    
    /// Clear the map.
    void Clear()
    {
        if (Size())
        {
            for (Iterator i = Begin(); i != End(); )
            {
                FreeNode(static_cast<Node*>(i++.ptr_));
                i.ptr_->prev_ = 0;
            }
            
            head_ = tail_;
            SetSize(0);
        }
        
        ResetPtrs();
    }
    
    /// Sort pairs. After sorting the map can be iterated in order until new elements are inserted.
    void Sort()
    {
        unsigned numKeys = Size();
        if (!numKeys)
            return;
        
        Node** ptrs = new Node*[numKeys];
        Node* ptr = Head();
        
        for (unsigned i = 0; i < numKeys; ++i)
        {
            ptrs[i] = ptr;
            ptr = ptr->Next();
        }
        
        Urho3D::Sort(RandomAccessIterator<Node*>(ptrs), RandomAccessIterator<Node*>(ptrs + numKeys), CompareNodes);
        
        head_ = ptrs[0];
        ptrs[0]->prev_ = 0;
        for (unsigned i = 1; i < numKeys; ++i)
        {
            ptrs[i - 1]->next_ = ptrs[i];
            ptrs[i]->prev_ = ptrs[i - 1];
        }
        ptrs[numKeys - 1]->next_ = tail_;
        tail_->prev_ = ptrs[numKeys - 1];
        
        delete[] ptrs;
    }
    
    /// Rehash to a specific bucket count, which must be a power of two. Return true if successful.
    bool Rehash(unsigned numBuckets)
    {
        if (numBuckets == NumBuckets())
            return true;
        if (!numBuckets || numBuckets < Size() / MAX_LOAD_FACTOR)
            return false;
        
        // Check for being power of two
        unsigned check = numBuckets;
        while (!(check & 1))
            check >>= 1;
        if (check != 1)
            return false;
        
        AllocateBuckets(Size(), numBuckets);
        Rehash();
        return true;
    }
    
    /// Return iterator to the pair with key, or end iterator if not found.
    Iterator Find(const T& key)
    {
        if (!ptrs_)
            return End();
        
        unsigned hashKey = Hash(key);
        Node* node = FindNode(key, hashKey);
        if (node)
            return Iterator(node);
        else
            return End();
    }
    
    /// Return const iterator to the pair with key, or end iterator if not found.
    ConstIterator Find(const T& key) const
    {
        if (!ptrs_)
            return End();
        
        unsigned hashKey = Hash(key);
        Node* node = FindNode(key, hashKey);
        if (node)
            return ConstIterator(node);
        else
            return End();
    }
    
    /// Return whether contains a pair with key.
    bool Contains(const T& key) const
    {
        if (!ptrs_)
            return false;
        
        unsigned hashKey = Hash(key);
        return FindNode(key, hashKey) != 0;
    }
    
    /// Return all the keys.
    Vector<T> Keys() const
    {
        Vector<T> result;
        result.Reserve(Size());
        for (ConstIterator i = Begin(); i != End(); ++i)
            result.Push(i->first_);
        return result;
    }

    /// Return iterator to the beginning.
    Iterator Begin() { return Iterator(Head()); }
    /// Return iterator to the beginning.
    ConstIterator Begin() const { return ConstIterator(Head()); }
    /// Return iterator to the end.
    Iterator End() { return Iterator(Tail()); }
    /// Return iterator to the end.
    ConstIterator End() const { return ConstIterator(Tail()); }
    /// Return first key.
    const T& Front() const { return *Begin(); }
    /// Return last key.
    const T& Back() const { return *(--End()); }
    
private:
    /// Return the head node.
    Node* Head() const { return static_cast<Node*>(head_); }
    /// Return the tail node.
    Node* Tail() const { return static_cast<Node*>(tail_); }
    
    /// Find a node from the buckets. Do not call if the buckets have not been allocated.
    Node* FindNode(const T& key, unsigned hashKey) const
    {
        Node* node = static_cast<Node*>(Ptrs()[hashKey]);
        while (node)
        {
            if (node->pair_.first_ == key)
                return node;
            node = node->Down();
        }
        
        return 0;
    }
    
    /// Find a node and the previous node from the buckets. Do not call if the buckets have not been allocated.
    Node* FindNode(const T& key, unsigned hashKey, Node*& previous) const
    {
        previous = 0;
        
        Node* node = static_cast<Node*>(Ptrs()[hashKey]);
        while (node)
        {
            if (node->pair_.first_ == key)
                return node;
            previous = node;
            node = node->Down();
        }
        
        return 0;
    }
    
    /// Insert a key and value and return either the new or existing node.
    Node* InsertNode(const T& key, const U& value, bool findExisting = true)
    {
        // If no pointers yet, allocate with minimum bucket count
        if (!ptrs_)
        {
            AllocateBuckets(Size(), MIN_BUCKETS);
            Rehash();
        }
        
        unsigned hashKey = Hash(key);
        
        if (findExisting)
        {
            // If exists, just change the value
            Node* existing = FindNode(key, hashKey);
            if (existing)
            {
                existing->pair_.second_ = value;
                return existing;
            }
        }
        
        Node* newNode = InsertNode(Tail(), key, value);
        newNode->down_ = Ptrs()[hashKey];
        Ptrs()[hashKey] = newNode;
        
        // Rehash if the maximum load factor has been exceeded
        if (Size() > NumBuckets() * MAX_LOAD_FACTOR)
        {
            AllocateBuckets(Size(), NumBuckets() << 1);
            Rehash();
        }
        
        return newNode;
    }
    
    /// Insert a node into the list. Return the new node.
    Node* InsertNode(Node* dest, const T& key, const U& value)
    {
        if (!dest)
            return 0;
        
        Node* newNode = ReserveNode(key, value);
        Node* prev = dest->Prev();
        newNode->next_ = dest;
        newNode->prev_ = prev;
        if (prev)
            prev->next_ = newNode;
        dest->prev_ = newNode;
        
        // Reassign the head node if necessary
        if (dest == Head())
            head_ = newNode;
        
        SetSize(Size() + 1);
        
        return newNode;
    }
    
    /// Erase a node from the list. Return pointer to the next element, or to the end if could not erase.
    Node* EraseNode(Node* node)
    {
        // The tail node can not be removed
        if (!node || node == tail_)
            return Tail();
        
        Node* prev = node->Prev();
        Node* next = node->Next();
        if (prev)
            prev->next_ = next;
        next->prev_ = prev;
        
        // Reassign the head node if necessary
        if (node == Head())
            head_ = next;
        
        FreeNode(node);
        SetSize(Size() - 1);
        
        return next;
    }
    
    /// Reserve a node.
    Node* ReserveNode()
    {
        Node* newNode = static_cast<Node*>(AllocatorReserve(allocator_));
        new(newNode) Node();
        return newNode;
    }
    
    /// Reserve a node with specified key and value.
    Node* ReserveNode(const T& key, const U& value)
    {
        Node* newNode = static_cast<Node*>(AllocatorReserve(allocator_));
        new(newNode) Node(key, value);
        return newNode;
    }
    
    /// Free a node.
    void FreeNode(Node* node)
    {
        (node)->~Node();
        AllocatorFree(allocator_, node);
    }
    
    /// Rehash the buckets.
    void Rehash()
    {
        for (Iterator i = Begin(); i != End(); ++i)
        {
            Node* node = static_cast<Node*>(i.ptr_);
            unsigned hashKey = Hash(i->first_);
            node->down_ = Ptrs()[hashKey];
            Ptrs()[hashKey] = node;
        }
    }
    
    /// Compare two nodes.
    static bool CompareNodes(Node*& lhs, Node*& rhs) { return lhs->pair_.first_ < rhs->pair_.first_; }
    
    /// Compute a hash based on the key and the bucket size
    unsigned Hash(const T& key) const { return MakeHash(key) & (NumBuckets() - 1); }
};

}