urho3d/Engine/Graphics/View.cpp

//
// Urho3D Engine
// Copyright (c) 2008-2011 Lasse Öörni
//
// Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
// of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
// in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
// to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
// copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
// furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
//
// The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
// all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
//
// THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
// IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
// FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
// AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
// LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
// OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
// THE SOFTWARE.
//

#include "Precompiled.h"
#include "Camera.h"
#include "DebugRenderer.h"
#include "Geometry.h"
#include "Graphics.h"
#include "Light.h"
#include "Log.h"
#include "Material.h"
#include "OcclusionBuffer.h"
#include "Octree.h"
#include "OctreeQuery.h"
#include "Renderer.h"
#include "Profiler.h"
#include "Scene.h"
#include "ShaderVariation.h"
#include "Sort.h"
#include "Technique.h"
#include "Texture2D.h"
#include "TextureCube.h"
#include "VertexBuffer.h"
#include "View.h"
#include "Zone.h"

#include "DebugNew.h"

static const Vector3 directions[] =
{
    Vector3(1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f),
    Vector3(-1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f),
    Vector3(0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f),
    Vector3(0.0f, -1.0f, 0.0f),
    Vector3(0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f),
    Vector3(0.0f, 0.0f, -1.0f)
};

OBJECTTYPESTATIC(View);

View::View(Context* context) :
    Object(context),
    graphics_(GetSubsystem<Graphics>()),
    renderer_(GetSubsystem<Renderer>()),
    octree_(0),
    camera_(0),
    zone_(0),
    renderTarget_(0),
    depthStencil_(0),
    jitterCounter_(0)
{
    frame_.camera_ = 0;
}

View::~View()
{
}

bool View::Define(RenderSurface* renderTarget, const Viewport& viewport)
{
    if (!viewport.scene_ || !viewport.camera_)
        return false;
    
    // If scene is loading asynchronously, it is incomplete and should not be rendered
    if (viewport.scene_->IsAsyncLoading())
        return false;
    
    Octree* octree = viewport.scene_->GetComponent<Octree>();
    if (!octree)
        return false;
    
    mode_ = graphics_->GetRenderMode();
    
    // In deferred mode, check for the render texture being too large
    if (mode_ != RENDER_FORWARD && renderTarget)
    {
        if (renderTarget->GetWidth() > graphics_->GetWidth() || renderTarget->GetHeight() > graphics_->GetHeight())
        {
            // Display message only once per rendertarget, do not spam each frame
            if (gBufferErrorDisplayed_.Find(renderTarget) == gBufferErrorDisplayed_.End())
            {
                gBufferErrorDisplayed_.Insert(renderTarget);
                LOGERROR("Render texture is larger than the G-buffer, can not render");
            }
            return false;
        }
    }
    
    octree_ = octree;
    camera_ = viewport.camera_;
    renderTarget_ = renderTarget;
    
    if (!renderTarget)
        depthStencil_ = 0;
    else
    {
        // In Direct3D9 deferred rendering, always use the system depth stencil for the whole time
        // to ensure it is as large as the G-buffer
        #ifdef USE_OPENGL
        depthStencil_ = renderTarget->GetLinkedDepthBuffer();
        #else
        if (mode_ == RENDER_FORWARD)
            depthStencil_ = renderTarget->GetLinkedDepthBuffer();
        else
            depthStencil_ = 0;
        #endif
    }
    
    zone_ = renderer_->GetDefaultZone();
    
    // Validate the rect and calculate size. If zero rect, use whole render target size
    int rtWidth = renderTarget ? renderTarget->GetWidth() : graphics_->GetWidth();
    int rtHeight = renderTarget ? renderTarget->GetHeight() : graphics_->GetHeight();
    if (viewport.rect_ != IntRect::ZERO)
    {
        screenRect_.left_ = Clamp(viewport.rect_.left_, 0, rtWidth - 1);
        screenRect_.top_ = Clamp(viewport.rect_.top_, 0, rtHeight - 1);
        screenRect_.right_ = Clamp(viewport.rect_.right_, screenRect_.left_ + 1, rtWidth);
        screenRect_.bottom_ = Clamp(viewport.rect_.bottom_, screenRect_.top_ + 1, rtHeight);
    }
    else
        screenRect_ = IntRect(0, 0, rtWidth, rtHeight);
    width_ = screenRect_.right_ - screenRect_.left_;
    height_ = screenRect_.bottom_ - screenRect_.top_;
    
    // Set possible quality overrides from the camera
    drawShadows_ = renderer_->GetDrawShadows();
    materialQuality_ = renderer_->GetMaterialQuality();
    maxOccluderTriangles_ = renderer_->GetMaxOccluderTriangles();
    
    unsigned viewOverrideFlags = camera_->GetViewOverrideFlags();
    if (viewOverrideFlags & VOF_LOW_MATERIAL_QUALITY)
        materialQuality_ = QUALITY_LOW;
    if (viewOverrideFlags & VOF_DISABLE_SHADOWS)
        drawShadows_ = false;
    if (viewOverrideFlags & VOF_DISABLE_OCCLUSION)
        maxOccluderTriangles_ = 0;
    
    return true;
}

void View::Update(const FrameInfo& frame)
{
    if (!camera_ || !octree_)
        return;
    
    frame_.camera_ = camera_;
    frame_.timeStep_ = frame.timeStep_;
    frame_.frameNumber_ = frame.frameNumber_;
    frame_.viewSize_ = IntVector2(width_, height_);
    
    // Clear old light scissor cache, geometry, light, occluder & batch lists
    lightScissorCache_.Clear();
    geometries_.Clear();
    geometryDepthBounds_.Clear();
    lights_.Clear();
    occluders_.Clear();
    shadowOccluders_.Clear();
    gBufferQueue_.Clear();
    baseQueue_.Clear();
    extraQueue_.Clear();
    transparentQueue_.Clear();
    noShadowLightQueue_.Clear();
    lightQueues_.Clear();
    
    // Do not update if camera projection is illegal
    // (there is a possibility of crash if occlusion is used and it can not clip properly)
    if (!camera_->IsProjectionValid())
        return;
    
    // Set automatic aspect ratio if required
    if (camera_->GetAutoAspectRatio())
        camera_->SetAspectRatio((float)frame_.viewSize_.x_ / (float)frame_.viewSize_.y_);
    
    // Reset projection jitter if was used last frame
    camera_->SetProjectionOffset(Vector2::ZERO);
    
    // Reset shadow map use count; they can be reused between views as each is rendered completely at a time
    renderer_->ResetShadowMapUseCount();
    
    GetDrawables();
    GetBatches();
}

void View::Render()
{
    if (!octree_ || !camera_)
        return;
    
    // Forget parameter sources from the previous view
    graphics_->ClearParameterSources();
    
    // If stream offset is supported, write all instance transforms to a single large buffer
    // Else we must lock the instance buffer for each batch group
    if (renderer_->GetDynamicInstancing() && graphics_->GetStreamOffsetSupport())
        PrepareInstancingBuffer();
    
    // It is possible, though not recommended, that the same camera is used for multiple main views. Set automatic aspect ratio
    // again to ensure correct projection will be used
    if (camera_->GetAutoAspectRatio())
        camera_->SetAspectRatio((float)(screenRect_.right_ - screenRect_.left_) / (float)(screenRect_.bottom_ - screenRect_.top_));
    
    // Set the "view texture" to ensure the rendertarget will not be bound as a texture during rendering
    if (renderTarget_)
        graphics_->SetViewTexture(renderTarget_->GetParentTexture());
    else
        graphics_->SetViewTexture(0);
    
    graphics_->SetFillMode(FILL_SOLID);
    
    // Calculate view-global shader parameters
    CalculateShaderParameters();
    
    // If not reusing shadowmaps, render all of them first
    if (!renderer_->reuseShadowMaps_)
    {
        for (unsigned i = 0; i < lightQueues_.Size(); ++i)
        {
            LightBatchQueue& queue = lightQueues_[i];
            if (queue.light_->GetShadowMap())
                RenderShadowMap(queue);
        }
    }
    
    if (mode_ == RENDER_FORWARD)
        RenderBatchesForward();
    else
        RenderBatchesDeferred();
    
    graphics_->SetViewTexture(0);
    
    // If this is a main view, draw the associated debug geometry now
    if (!renderTarget_)
    {
        Scene* scene = static_cast<Scene*>(octree_->GetNode());
        if (scene)
        {
            DebugRenderer* debug = scene->GetComponent<DebugRenderer>();
            if (debug)
            {
                debug->SetView(camera_);
                debug->Render();
            }
        }
    }
    
    // "Forget" the camera, octree and zone after rendering
    camera_ = 0;
    octree_ = 0;
    zone_ = 0;
    frame_.camera_ = 0;
}

void View::GetDrawables()
{
    PROFILE(GetDrawables);
    
    Vector3 cameraPos = camera_->GetWorldPosition();
    
    // Get zones & find the zone camera is in
    PODVector<Zone*> zones;
    PointOctreeQuery query(reinterpret_cast<PODVector<Drawable*>& >(zones), cameraPos, DRAWABLE_ZONE, camera_->GetViewMask());
    octree_->GetDrawables(query);
    
    int highestZonePriority = M_MIN_INT;
    for (unsigned i = 0; i < zones.Size(); ++i)
    {
        Zone* zone = zones[i];
        if (zone->IsInside(cameraPos) && zone->GetPriority() > highestZonePriority)
        {
            zone_ = zone;
            highestZonePriority = zone->GetPriority();
        }
    }
    
    // If occlusion in use, get & render the occluders, then build the depth buffer hierarchy
    bool useOcclusion = false;
    OcclusionBuffer* buffer = 0;
    
    if (maxOccluderTriangles_ > 0)
    {
        FrustumOctreeQuery query(occluders_, camera_->GetFrustum(), DRAWABLE_GEOMETRY, camera_->GetViewMask(), true, false);
        
        octree_->GetDrawables(query);
        UpdateOccluders(occluders_, camera_);
        
        if (occluders_.Size())
        {
            buffer = renderer_->GetOrCreateOcclusionBuffer(camera_, maxOccluderTriangles_);
            
            DrawOccluders(buffer, occluders_);
            buffer->BuildDepthHierarchy();
            useOcclusion = true;
        }
    }
    
    if (!useOcclusion)
    {
        // Get geometries & lights without occlusion
        FrustumOctreeQuery query(tempDrawables_, camera_->GetFrustum(), DRAWABLE_GEOMETRY | DRAWABLE_LIGHT);
        octree_->GetDrawables(query);
    }
    else
    {
        // Get geometries & lights using occlusion
        OccludedFrustumOctreeQuery query(tempDrawables_, camera_->GetFrustum(), buffer, DRAWABLE_GEOMETRY | DRAWABLE_LIGHT,
            camera_->GetViewMask());
        octree_->GetDrawables(query);
    }
    
    // Sort into geometries & lights, and build visible scene bounding boxes in world and view space
    sceneBox_.min_ = sceneBox_.max_ = Vector3::ZERO;
    sceneBox_.defined_ = false;
    sceneViewBox_.min_ = sceneViewBox_.max_ = Vector3::ZERO;
    sceneViewBox_.defined_ = false;
    Matrix3x4 view(camera_->GetInverseWorldTransform());
    
    for (unsigned i = 0; i < tempDrawables_.Size(); ++i)
    {
        Drawable* drawable = tempDrawables_[i];
        drawable->UpdateDistance(frame_);
        
        // If draw distance non-zero, check it
        float maxDistance = drawable->GetDrawDistance();
        if (maxDistance > 0.0f && drawable->GetDistance() > maxDistance)
            continue;
        
        unsigned flags = drawable->GetDrawableFlags();
        if (flags & DRAWABLE_GEOMETRY)
        {
            drawable->ClearLights();
            drawable->MarkInView(frame_);
            drawable->UpdateGeometry(frame_);
            
            // Expand the scene bounding boxes
            const BoundingBox& geomBox = drawable->GetWorldBoundingBox();
            BoundingBox geoview_Box = geomBox.Transformed(view);
            sceneBox_.Merge(geomBox);
            sceneViewBox_.Merge(geoview_Box);
            
            // Store depth info to speed up split directional light queries
            GeometryDepthBounds bounds;
            bounds.min_ = geoview_Box.min_.z_;
            bounds.max_ = geoview_Box.max_.z_;
            
            geometryDepthBounds_.Push(bounds);
            geometries_.Push(drawable);
        }
        else if (flags & DRAWABLE_LIGHT)
        {
            Light* light = static_cast<Light*>(drawable);
            
            // Skip if light is culled by the zone
            if (!(light->GetViewMask() & zone_->GetViewMask()))
                continue;
            
            light->MarkInView(frame_);
            lights_.Push(light);
        }
    }
    
    // Sort the lights to brightest/closest first
    for (unsigned i = 0; i < lights_.Size(); ++i)
        lights_[i]->SetIntensitySortValue(cameraPos);
    
    Sort(lights_.Begin(), lights_.End(), CompareDrawables);
}

void View::GetBatches()
{
    HashSet<LitTransparencyCheck> litTransparencies;
    HashSet<Drawable*> maxLightsDrawables;
    Map<Light*, unsigned> lightQueueIndex;
    
    // Go through geometries for base pass batches
    {
        PROFILE(GetBaseBatches);
        for (unsigned i = 0; i < geometries_.Size(); ++i)
        {
            Drawable* drawable = geometries_[i];
            unsigned numBatches = drawable->GetNumBatches();
            
            for (unsigned j = 0; j < numBatches; ++j)
            {
                Batch baseBatch;
                drawable->GetBatch(frame_, j, baseBatch);
                
                Technique* tech = GetTechnique(drawable, baseBatch.material_);
                if (!baseBatch.geometry_ || !tech)
                    continue;
                
                // Check here if the material technique refers to a render target texture with camera(s) attached
                // Only check this for the main view (null rendertarget)
                if (!renderTarget_ && baseBatch.material_ && baseBatch.material_->GetAuxViewFrameNumber() != frame_.frameNumber_)
                    CheckMaterialForAuxView(baseBatch.material_);
                
                // Fill the rest of the batch
                baseBatch.camera_ = camera_;
                baseBatch.distance_ = drawable->GetDistance();
                
                Pass* pass = 0;
                // In deferred mode, check for a G-buffer batch first
                if (mode_ != RENDER_FORWARD)
                {
                    pass = tech->GetPass(PASS_GBUFFER);
                    if (pass)
                    {
                        renderer_->SetBatchShaders(baseBatch, tech, pass);
                        baseBatch.hasPriority_ = !pass->GetAlphaTest() && !pass->GetAlphaMask();
                        gBufferQueue_.AddBatch(baseBatch);
                        
                        // Check also for an additional pass (possibly for emissive)
                        pass = tech->GetPass(PASS_EXTRA);
                        if (pass)
                        {
                            renderer_->SetBatchShaders(baseBatch, tech, pass);
                            baseQueue_.AddBatch(baseBatch);
                        }
                        
                        continue;
                    }
                }
                
                // Then check for forward rendering base pass
                pass = tech->GetPass(PASS_BASE);
                if (pass)
                {
                    renderer_->SetBatchShaders(baseBatch, tech, pass);
                    if (pass->GetBlendMode() == BLEND_REPLACE)
                    {
                        baseBatch.hasPriority_ = !pass->GetAlphaTest() && !pass->GetAlphaMask();
                        baseQueue_.AddBatch(baseBatch);
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        baseBatch.hasPriority_ = true;
                        transparentQueue_.AddBatch(baseBatch, true);
                    }
                    continue;
                }
                else
                {
                    // If no base pass, finally check for extra / custom pass
                    pass = tech->GetPass(PASS_EXTRA);
                    if (pass)
                    {
                        baseBatch.hasPriority_ = false;
                        renderer_->SetBatchShaders(baseBatch, tech, pass);
                        extraQueue_.AddBatch(baseBatch);
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }
    
    // Go through lights
    {
        PROFILE_MULTIPLE(GetLightBatches, lights_.Size());
        
        unsigned lightQueueCount = 0;
        for (unsigned i = 0; i < lights_.Size(); ++i)
        {
            Light* light = lights_[i];
            unsigned splits = ProcessLight(light);
            
            if (!splits)
                continue;
            
            // Prepare lit object + shadow caster queues for each split
            if (lightQueues_.Size() < lightQueueCount + splits)
                lightQueues_.Resize(lightQueueCount + splits);
            bool firstSplitStored = false;
            
            for (unsigned j = 0; j < splits; ++j)
            {
                Light* splitLight = splitLights_[j];
                LightBatchQueue& lightQueue = lightQueues_[lightQueueCount];
                lightQueue.light_ = splitLight;
                lightQueue.shadowBatches_.Clear();
                lightQueue.litBatches_.Clear();
                lightQueue.volumeBatches_.Clear();
                lightQueue.firstSplit_ = !firstSplitStored;
                
                // Loop through shadow casters
                Camera* shadowCamera = splitLight->GetShadowCamera();
                for (unsigned k = 0; k < shadowCasters_[j].Size(); ++k)
                {
                    Drawable* drawable = shadowCasters_[j][k];
                    unsigned numBatches = drawable->GetNumBatches();
                    
                    for (unsigned l = 0; l < numBatches; ++l)
                    {
                        Batch shadowBatch;
                        drawable->GetBatch(frame_, l, shadowBatch);
                        
                        Technique* tech = GetTechnique(drawable, shadowBatch.material_);
                        if (!shadowBatch.geometry_ || !tech)
                            continue;
                        
                        Pass* pass = tech->GetPass(PASS_SHADOW);
                        // Skip if material has no shadow pass
                        if (!pass)
                            continue;
                        
                        // Fill the rest of the batch
                        shadowBatch.camera_ = shadowCamera;
                        shadowBatch.distance_ = shadowCamera->GetDistance(drawable->GetWorldPosition());
                        shadowBatch.light_ = splitLight;
                        shadowBatch.hasPriority_ = !pass->GetAlphaTest() && !pass->GetAlphaMask();
                        
                        renderer_->SetBatchShaders(shadowBatch, tech, pass);
                        lightQueue.shadowBatches_.AddBatch(shadowBatch);
                    }
                }
                
                // Loop through lit geometries
                if (litGeometries_[j].Size())
                {
                    bool storeLightQueue = true;
                    
                    for (unsigned k = 0; k < litGeometries_[j].Size(); ++k)
                    {
                        Drawable* drawable = litGeometries_[j][k];
                        
                        // If drawable limits maximum lights, only record the light, and check maximum count / build batches later
                        if (!drawable->GetMaxLights())
                            GetLitBatches(drawable, light, splitLight, &lightQueue, litTransparencies);
                        else
                        {
                            drawable->AddLight(splitLight);
                            maxLightsDrawables.Insert(drawable);
                        }
                    }
                    
                    // Store the light queue, and light volume batch in deferred mode
                    if (mode_ != RENDER_FORWARD)
                    {
                        Batch volumeBatch;
                        volumeBatch.geometry_ = renderer_->GetLightGeometry(splitLight);
                        volumeBatch.worldTransform_ = &splitLight->GetVolumeTransform(*camera_);
                        volumeBatch.overrideView_ = splitLight->GetLightType() == LIGHT_DIRECTIONAL;
                        volumeBatch.camera_ = camera_;
                        volumeBatch.light_ = splitLight;
                        volumeBatch.distance_ = splitLight->GetDistance();
                        
                        renderer_->SetLightVolumeShaders(volumeBatch);
                        
                        // If light is a split point light, it must be treated as shadowed in any case for correct stencil clearing
                        if (splitLight->GetShadowMap() || splitLight->GetLightType() == LIGHT_SPLITPOINT)
                            lightQueue.volumeBatches_.Push(volumeBatch);
                        else
                        {
                            storeLightQueue = false;
                            noShadowLightQueue_.AddBatch(volumeBatch, true);
                        }
                    }
                    
                    if (storeLightQueue)
                    {
                        lightQueueIndex[splitLight] = lightQueueCount;
                        firstSplitStored = true;
                        ++lightQueueCount;
                    }
                }
            }
        }
        
        // Resize the light queue vector now that final size is known
        lightQueues_.Resize(lightQueueCount);
    }
    
    // Process drawables with limited light count
    if (maxLightsDrawables.Size())
    {
        PROFILE(GetMaxLightsBatches);
        
        for (HashSet<Drawable*>::Iterator i = maxLightsDrawables.Begin(); i != maxLightsDrawables.End(); ++i)
        {
            Drawable* drawable = *i;
            drawable->LimitLights();
            const PODVector<Light*>& lights = drawable->GetLights();
            
            for (unsigned i = 0; i < lights.Size(); ++i)
            {
                Light* splitLight = lights[i];
                Light* light = splitLight->GetOriginalLight();
                if (!light)
                    light = splitLight;
                
                // Find the correct light queue again
                LightBatchQueue* queue = 0;
                Map<Light*, unsigned>::Iterator j = lightQueueIndex.Find(splitLight);
                if (j != lightQueueIndex.End())
                    queue = &lightQueues_[j->second_];
                
                GetLitBatches(drawable, light, splitLight, queue, litTransparencies);
            }
        }
    }
    
    // All batches have been collected. Sort them now
    SortBatches();
}

void View::GetLitBatches(Drawable* drawable, Light* light, Light* splitLight, LightBatchQueue* lightQueue,
    HashSet<LitTransparencyCheck>& litTransparencies)
{
    bool splitPointLight = splitLight->GetLightType() == LIGHT_SPLITPOINT;
    // Whether to allow shadows for transparencies, or for forward lit objects in deferred mode
    bool allowShadows = !renderer_->reuseShadowMaps_ && !splitPointLight;
    unsigned numBatches = drawable->GetNumBatches();
    
    for (unsigned i = 0; i < numBatches; ++i)
    {
        Batch litBatch;
        drawable->GetBatch(frame_, i, litBatch);
        
        Technique* tech = GetTechnique(drawable, litBatch.material_);
        if (!litBatch.geometry_ || !tech)
            continue;
        
        // If material uses opaque G-buffer rendering, skip
        if (mode_ != RENDER_FORWARD && tech->HasPass(PASS_GBUFFER))
            continue;
        
        Pass* pass = 0;
        bool priority = false;
         
        // Get lit pass
        if (!pass)
            pass = tech->GetPass(PASS_LIGHT);
        // Skip if material does not receive light at all
        if (!pass)
            continue;
        
        // Fill the rest of the batch
        litBatch.camera_ = camera_;
        litBatch.distance_ = drawable->GetDistance();
        litBatch.light_ = splitLight;
        litBatch.hasPriority_ = priority;
        
        // Check from the ambient pass whether the object is opaque
        Pass* ambientPass = tech->GetPass(PASS_BASE);
        if (!ambientPass || ambientPass->GetBlendMode() == BLEND_REPLACE)
        {
            if (mode_ == RENDER_FORWARD)
            {
                if (lightQueue)
                {
                    renderer_->SetBatchShaders(litBatch, tech, pass);
                    lightQueue->litBatches_.AddBatch(litBatch);
                }
            }
            else
            {
                renderer_->SetBatchShaders(litBatch, tech, pass, allowShadows);
                baseQueue_.AddBatch(litBatch);
            }
        }
        else
        {
            if (splitPointLight)
            {
                // Check if already lit
                LitTransparencyCheck check(light, drawable, i);
                if (litTransparencies.Find(check) != litTransparencies.End())
                    continue;
                // Use the original light instead of the split one, to choose correct scissor
                litBatch.light_ = light;
                litTransparencies.Insert(check);
            }
            
            renderer_->SetBatchShaders(litBatch, tech, pass, allowShadows);
            transparentQueue_.AddBatch(litBatch, true);
        }
    }
}

void View::RenderBatchesForward()
{
    {
        // Render opaque objects' base passes
        PROFILE(RenderBasePass);
        
        graphics_->SetColorWrite(true);
        graphics_->SetStencilTest(false);
        graphics_->SetRenderTarget(0, renderTarget_);
        graphics_->SetDepthStencil(depthStencil_);
        graphics_->SetViewport(screenRect_);
        graphics_->Clear(CLEAR_COLOR | CLEAR_DEPTH | CLEAR_STENCIL, zone_->GetFogColor());
        
        RenderBatchQueue(baseQueue_);
    }
    
    {
        // Render shadow maps + opaque objects' shadowed additive lighting
        PROFILE(RenderLights);
        
        for (unsigned i = 0; i < lightQueues_.Size(); ++i)
        {
            LightBatchQueue& queue = lightQueues_[i];
            
            // If reusing shadowmaps, render each of them before the lit batches
            if (renderer_->reuseShadowMaps_ && queue.light_->GetShadowMap())
                RenderShadowMap(queue);
            
            graphics_->SetRenderTarget(0, renderTarget_);
            graphics_->SetDepthStencil(depthStencil_);
            graphics_->SetViewport(screenRect_);
            
            RenderForwardLightBatchQueue(queue.litBatches_, queue.light_, queue.firstSplit_);
        }
    }
    
    graphics_->SetRenderTarget(0, renderTarget_);
    graphics_->SetDepthStencil(depthStencil_);
    graphics_->SetViewport(screenRect_);
    
    if (!extraQueue_.IsEmpty())
    {
        // Render extra / custom passes
        PROFILE(RenderExtraPass);
        
        RenderBatchQueue(extraQueue_);
    }
    
    if (!transparentQueue_.IsEmpty())
    {
        // Render transparent objects last (both base passes & additive lighting)
        PROFILE(RenderTransparent);
        
        RenderBatchQueue(transparentQueue_, true);
    }
}

void View::RenderBatchesDeferred()
{
    Texture2D* diffBuffer = graphics_->GetDiffBuffer();
    Texture2D* normalBuffer = graphics_->GetNormalBuffer();
    Texture2D* depthBuffer = graphics_->GetDepthBuffer();
    
    // Check for temporal antialiasing in deferred mode. Only use it on the main view (null rendertarget)
    bool temporalAA = (!renderTarget_) && (graphics_->GetMultiSample() > 1);
    if (temporalAA)
    {
        ++jitterCounter_;
        if (jitterCounter_ > 3)
            jitterCounter_ = 2;
        
        Vector2 jitter(-0.25f, -0.25f);
        if (jitterCounter_ & 1)
            jitter = -jitter;
        jitter.x_ /= width_;
        jitter.y_ /= height_;
        
        camera_->SetProjectionOffset(jitter);
    }
    
    RenderSurface* renderBuffer = temporalAA ? graphics_->GetScreenBuffer(jitterCounter_ & 1)->GetRenderSurface() : renderTarget_;
    
    {
        // Clear and render the G-buffer
        PROFILE(RenderGBuffer);
        
        graphics_->SetColorWrite(true);
        graphics_->SetScissorTest(false);
        graphics_->SetStencilTest(false);
        #ifdef USE_OPENGL
        // On OpenGL, clear the diffuse and depth buffers normally
        graphics_->SetRenderTarget(0, diffBuffer);
        graphics_->SetDepthStencil(depthBuffer);
        graphics_->Clear(CLEAR_COLOR | CLEAR_DEPTH | CLEAR_STENCIL);
        graphics_->SetRenderTarget(1, normalBuffer);
        #else
        // On Direct3D9, clear only depth and stencil at first (fillrate optimization)
        graphics_->SetRenderTarget(0, diffBuffer);
        graphics_->SetRenderTarget(1, normalBuffer);
        if (!graphics_->GetHardwareDepthSupport())
            graphics_->SetRenderTarget(2, depthBuffer);
        graphics_->SetDepthStencil(depthStencil_);
        graphics_->SetViewport(screenRect_);
        graphics_->Clear(CLEAR_DEPTH | CLEAR_STENCIL);
        #endif
        
        RenderBatchQueue(gBufferQueue_);
        
        graphics_->SetAlphaTest(false);
        graphics_->SetBlendMode(BLEND_REPLACE);
        
        #ifndef USE_OPENGL
        // On Direct3D9, clear now the parts of G-Buffer that were not rendered into
        graphics_->SetDepthTest(CMP_LESSEQUAL);
        graphics_->SetDepthWrite(false);
        if (graphics_->GetHardwareDepthSupport())
            graphics_->ResetRenderTarget(1);
        else
        {
            graphics_->ResetRenderTarget(2);
            graphics_->SetRenderTarget(1, depthBuffer);
        }
        String pixelShaderName = "GBufferFill";
        if (!graphics_->GetHardwareDepthSupport())
            pixelShaderName += "_Depth";
        DrawFullScreenQuad(*camera_, renderer_->GetVertexShader("GBufferFill"), renderer_->GetPixelShader(pixelShaderName),
            false, shaderParameters_);
        #endif
    }
    
    {
        PROFILE(RenderAmbientQuad);
        
        // Render ambient color & fog. On OpenGL the depth buffer will be copied now
        graphics_->SetDepthTest(CMP_ALWAYS);
        graphics_->SetRenderTarget(0, renderBuffer);
        graphics_->ResetRenderTarget(1);
        #ifdef USE_OPENGL
        graphics_->SetDepthWrite(true);
        #else
        graphics_->ResetRenderTarget(2);
        #endif
        graphics_->SetDepthStencil(depthStencil_);
        graphics_->SetViewport(screenRect_);
        graphics_->SetTexture(TU_DIFFBUFFER, diffBuffer);
        graphics_->SetTexture(TU_DEPTHBUFFER, depthBuffer);
        
        String pixelShaderName = "Ambient";
        #ifdef USE_OPENGL
        if (camera_->IsOrthographic())
            pixelShaderName += "_Ortho";
        // On OpenGL, set up a stencil operation to reset the stencil during ambient quad rendering
        graphics_->SetStencilTest(true, CMP_ALWAYS, OP_ZERO, OP_KEEP, OP_KEEP);
        #else
        if (camera_->IsOrthographic() || !graphics_->GetHardwareDepthSupport())
            pixelShaderName += "_Linear";
        #endif
        
        DrawFullScreenQuad(*camera_, renderer_->GetVertexShader("Ambient"), renderer_->GetPixelShader(pixelShaderName),
            false, shaderParameters_);
        
        #ifdef USE_OPENGL
        graphics_->SetStencilTest(false);
        #endif
    }
    
    {
        // Render lights
        PROFILE(RenderLights);
        
        // Shadowed lights
        for (unsigned i = 0; i < lightQueues_.Size(); ++i)
        {
            LightBatchQueue& queue = lightQueues_[i];
            
            // If reusing shadowmaps, render each of them before the lit batches
            if (renderer_->reuseShadowMaps_ && queue.light_->GetShadowMap())
                RenderShadowMap(queue);
            
            // Light volume batches are not sorted as there should be only one of them
            if (queue.volumeBatches_.Size())
            {
                graphics_->SetRenderTarget(0, renderBuffer);
                graphics_->SetDepthStencil(depthStencil_);
                graphics_->SetViewport(screenRect_);
                graphics_->SetTexture(TU_DIFFBUFFER, diffBuffer);
                graphics_->SetTexture(TU_NORMALBUFFER, normalBuffer);
                graphics_->SetTexture(TU_DEPTHBUFFER, depthBuffer);
                
                for (unsigned j = 0; j < queue.volumeBatches_.Size(); ++j)
                {
                    SetupLightBatch(queue.volumeBatches_[j], queue.firstSplit_);
                    queue.volumeBatches_[j].Draw(graphics_, shaderParameters_);
                }
            }
        }
        
        // Non-shadowed lights
        if (noShadowLightQueue_.sortedBatches_.Size())
        {
            graphics_->SetRenderTarget(0, renderBuffer);
            graphics_->SetDepthStencil(depthStencil_);
            graphics_->SetViewport(screenRect_);
            graphics_->SetTexture(TU_DIFFBUFFER, diffBuffer);
            graphics_->SetTexture(TU_NORMALBUFFER, normalBuffer);
            graphics_->SetTexture(TU_DEPTHBUFFER, depthBuffer);
            
            for (unsigned i = 0; i < noShadowLightQueue_.sortedBatches_.Size(); ++i)
            {
                SetupLightBatch(*noShadowLightQueue_.sortedBatches_[i], false);
                noShadowLightQueue_.sortedBatches_[i]->Draw(graphics_, shaderParameters_);
            }
        }
    }
    
    {
        // Render base passes
        PROFILE(RenderBasePass);
        
        graphics_->SetStencilTest(false);
        graphics_->SetTexture(TU_DIFFBUFFER, 0);
        graphics_->SetTexture(TU_NORMALBUFFER, 0);
        graphics_->SetTexture(TU_DEPTHBUFFER, 0);
        graphics_->SetRenderTarget(0, renderBuffer);
        graphics_->SetDepthStencil(depthStencil_);
        graphics_->SetViewport(screenRect_);
        
        RenderBatchQueue(baseQueue_, true);
    }
    
    if (!extraQueue_.IsEmpty())
    {
        // Render extra / custom passes
        PROFILE(RenderExtraPass);
        
        RenderBatchQueue(extraQueue_);
    }
    
    if (!transparentQueue_.IsEmpty())
    {
        // Render transparent objects last (both ambient & additive lighting)
        PROFILE(RenderTransparent);
        
        RenderBatchQueue(transparentQueue_, true);
    }
    
    // Render temporal antialiasing now if enabled
    if (temporalAA)
    {
        PROFILE(RenderTemporalAA);
        
        // Disable averaging if it is the first frame rendered in this view
        float thisFrameWeight = jitterCounter_ < 2 ? 1.0f : 0.5f;
        
        String vsName = "TemporalAA";
        String psName = vsName;
        if (camera_->IsOrthographic())
        {
            vsName += "_Ortho";
            psName += "_Ortho";
        }
        else if (!graphics_->GetHardwareDepthSupport())
            psName += "_Linear";
        
        graphics_->SetAlphaTest(false);
        graphics_->SetBlendMode(BLEND_REPLACE);
        graphics_->SetDepthTest(CMP_ALWAYS);
        graphics_->SetDepthWrite(false);
        graphics_->SetScissorTest(false);
        graphics_->SetStencilTest(false);
        graphics_->SetRenderTarget(0, renderTarget_);
        graphics_->SetDepthStencil(depthStencil_);
        graphics_->SetViewport(screenRect_);
        
        // Pre-select the right shaders so that we can set shader parameters that can not go into the parameter map
        // (matrices)
        float gBufferWidth = (float)graphics_->GetWidth();
        float gBufferHeight = (float)graphics_->GetHeight();
        ShaderVariation* vertexShader = renderer_->GetVertexShader(vsName);
        ShaderVariation* pixelShader = renderer_->GetPixelShader(psName);
        graphics_->SetShaders(vertexShader, pixelShader);
        graphics_->SetShaderParameter(VSP_CAMERAROT, camera_->GetWorldTransform().RotationMatrix());
        graphics_->SetShaderParameter(PSP_CAMERAPOS, camera_->GetWorldPosition());
        graphics_->SetShaderParameter(PSP_SAMPLEOFFSETS, Vector4(1.0f / gBufferWidth, 1.0f / gBufferHeight, thisFrameWeight, 1.0f - thisFrameWeight));
        graphics_->SetShaderParameter(PSP_VIEWPROJ, camera_->GetProjection(false) * lastCameraView_);
        graphics_->SetTexture(TU_DIFFBUFFER, graphics_->GetScreenBuffer(jitterCounter_ & 1));
        graphics_->SetTexture(TU_NORMALBUFFER, graphics_->GetScreenBuffer((jitterCounter_ + 1) & 1));
        graphics_->SetTexture(TU_DEPTHBUFFER, graphics_->GetDepthBuffer());
        
        DrawFullScreenQuad(*camera_, vertexShader, pixelShader, false, shaderParameters_);
        
        // Store view transform for next frame
        lastCameraView_ = camera_->GetInverseWorldTransform();
    }
}

void View::UpdateOccluders(PODVector<Drawable*>& occluders, Camera* camera)
{
    float occluderSizeThreshold_ = renderer_->GetOccluderSizeThreshold();
    float halfViewSize = camera->GetHalfViewSize();
    float invOrthoSize = 1.0f / camera->GetOrthoSize();
    Vector3 cameraPos = camera->GetWorldPosition();
    
    for (unsigned i = 0; i < occluders.Size(); ++i)
    {
        Drawable* occluder = occluders[i];
        occluder->UpdateDistance(frame_);
        bool erase = false;
        
        // Check occluder's draw distance (in main camera view)
        float maxDistance = occluder->GetDrawDistance();
        if (maxDistance > 0.0f && occluder->GetDistance() > maxDistance)
            erase = true;
        
        // Check that occluder is big enough on the screen
        const BoundingBox& box = occluder->GetWorldBoundingBox();
        float diagonal = (box.max_ - box.min_).LengthFast();
        float compare;
        if (!camera->IsOrthographic())
            compare = diagonal * halfViewSize / occluder->GetDistance();
        else
            compare = diagonal * invOrthoSize;
        
        if (compare < occluderSizeThreshold_)
            erase = true;
        
        if (!erase)
        {
            unsigned totalTriangles = 0;
            unsigned batches = occluder->GetNumBatches();
            Batch tempBatch;
            
            for (unsigned j = 0; j < batches; ++j)
            {
                occluder->GetBatch(frame_, j, tempBatch);
                if (tempBatch.geometry_)
                    totalTriangles += tempBatch.geometry_->GetIndexCount() / 3;
            }
            
            // Store amount of triangles divided by screen size as a sorting key
            // (best occluders are big and have few triangles)
            occluder->SetSortValue((float)totalTriangles / compare);
        }
        else
        {
            occluders.Erase(occluders.Begin() + i);
            --i;
        }
    }
    
    // Sort occluders so that if triangle budget is exceeded, best occluders have been drawn
    if (occluders.Size())
        Sort(occluders.Begin(), occluders.End(), CompareDrawables);
}

void View::DrawOccluders(OcclusionBuffer* buffer, const PODVector<Drawable*>& occluders)
{
    for (unsigned i = 0; i < occluders.Size(); ++i)
    {
        Drawable* occluder = occluders[i];
        if (i > 0)
        {
            // For subsequent occluders, do a test against the pixel-level occlusion buffer to see if rendering is necessary
            if (!buffer->IsVisible(occluder->GetWorldBoundingBox()))
                continue;
        }
        
        occluder->UpdateGeometry(frame_);
        // Check for running out of triangles
        if (!occluder->DrawOcclusion(buffer))
            return;
    }
}

unsigned View::ProcessLight(Light* light)
{
    unsigned numLitGeometries = 0;
    unsigned numShadowCasters = 0;
    
    unsigned numSplits;
    // Check if light should be shadowed
    bool isShadowed = drawShadows_ && light->GetCastShadows() && light->GetShadowIntensity() < 1.0f;
    // If shadow distance non-zero, check it
    if (isShadowed && light->GetShadowDistance() > 0.0f && light->GetDistance() > light->GetShadowDistance())
        isShadowed = false;
    
    // If light has no ramp textures defined, set defaults
    if (light->GetLightType() != LIGHT_DIRECTIONAL && !light->GetRampTexture())
        light->SetRampTexture(renderer_->GetDefaultLightRamp());
    if (light->GetLightType() == LIGHT_SPOT && !light->GetShapeTexture())
        light->SetShapeTexture(renderer_->GetDefaultLightSpot());
    
    // Split the light if necessary
    if (isShadowed)
        numSplits = SplitLight(light);
    else
    {
        // No splitting, use the original light
        splitLights_[0] = light;
        numSplits = 1;
    }
    
    // For a shadowed directional light, get occluders once using the whole (non-split) light frustum
    bool useOcclusion = false;
    OcclusionBuffer* buffer = 0;
    
    if (maxOccluderTriangles_ > 0 && isShadowed && light->GetLightType() == LIGHT_DIRECTIONAL)
    {
        // This shadow camera is never used for actually querying shadow casters, just occluders
        Camera* shadowCamera = renderer_->CreateShadowCamera();
        light->SetShadowCamera(shadowCamera);
        SetupShadowCamera(light, true);
        
        // Get occluders, which must be shadow-casting themselves
        FrustumOctreeQuery query(shadowOccluders_, shadowCamera->GetFrustum(), DRAWABLE_GEOMETRY, camera_->GetViewMask(), true,
            true);
        octree_->GetDrawables(query);
        
        UpdateOccluders(shadowOccluders_, shadowCamera);
        
        if (shadowOccluders_.Size())
        {
            // Shadow viewport is rectangular and consumes more CPU fillrate, so halve size
            buffer = renderer_->GetOrCreateOcclusionBuffer(shadowCamera, maxOccluderTriangles_, true);
            
            DrawOccluders(buffer, shadowOccluders_);
            buffer->BuildDepthHierarchy();
            useOcclusion = true;
        }
    }
    
    // Process each split for shadow camera update, lit geometries, and shadow casters
    for (unsigned i = 0; i < numSplits; ++i)
    {
        litGeometries_[i].Clear();
        shadowCasters_[i].Clear();
    }
    
    for (unsigned i = 0; i < numSplits; ++i)
    {
        Light* split = splitLights_[i];
        LightType type = split->GetLightType();
        bool isSplitShadowed = isShadowed && split->GetCastShadows();
        Camera* shadowCamera = 0;
        
        // If shadow casting, choose the shadow map & update shadow camera
        if (isSplitShadowed)
        {
            shadowCamera = renderer_->CreateShadowCamera();
            split->SetShadowMap(renderer_->GetShadowMap(splitLights_[i]->GetShadowResolution()));
            // Check if managed to get a shadow map. Otherwise must convert to non-shadowed
            if (split->GetShadowMap())
            {
                split->SetShadowCamera(shadowCamera);
                SetupShadowCamera(split);
            }
            else
            {
                isSplitShadowed = false;
                split->SetShadowCamera(0);
            }
        }
        else
        {
            split->SetShadowCamera(0);
            split->SetShadowMap(0);
        }
        
        BoundingBox geometryBox;
        BoundingBox shadowCasterBox;
        
        switch (type)
        {
        case LIGHT_DIRECTIONAL:
            // Loop through visible geometries and check if they belong to this split
            {
                float nearSplit = split->GetNearSplit() - split->GetNearFadeRange();
                float farSplit = split->GetFarSplit();
                // If split extends to the whole visible frustum, no depth check necessary
                bool optimize = nearSplit <= camera_->GetNearClip() && farSplit >= camera_->GetFarClip();
                
                // If whole visible scene is outside the split, can reject trivially
                if (sceneViewBox_.min_.z_ > farSplit || sceneViewBox_.max_.z_ < nearSplit)
                {
                    split->SetShadowMap(0);
                    continue;
                }
                
                bool generateBoxes = isSplitShadowed && split->GetShadowFocus().focus_;
                Matrix3x4 lightView;
                if (shadowCamera)
                    lightView = shadowCamera->GetInverseWorldTransform();
                
                if (!optimize)
                {
                    for (unsigned j = 0; j < geometries_.Size(); ++j)
                    {
                        Drawable* drawable = geometries_[j];
                        const GeometryDepthBounds& bounds = geometryDepthBounds_[j];
                        
                        // Check bounds and light mask
                        if (bounds.min_ <= farSplit && bounds.max_ >= nearSplit && drawable->GetLightMask() &
                            split->GetLightMask())
                        {
                            litGeometries_[i].Push(drawable);
                            if (generateBoxes)
                                geometryBox.Merge(drawable->GetWorldBoundingBox().Transformed(lightView));
                        }
                    }
                }
                else
                {
                    for (unsigned j = 0; j < geometries_.Size(); ++j)
                    {
                        Drawable* drawable = geometries_[j];
                        
                        // Need to check light mask only
                        if (drawable->GetLightMask() & split->GetLightMask())
                        {
                            litGeometries_[i].Push(drawable);
                            if (generateBoxes)
                                geometryBox.Merge(drawable->GetWorldBoundingBox().Transformed(lightView));
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
            
            // Then get shadow casters by shadow camera frustum query. Use occlusion because of potentially many geometries
            if (isSplitShadowed && litGeometries_[i].Size())
            {
                Camera* shadowCamera = split->GetShadowCamera();
                
                if (!useOcclusion)
                {
                    // Get potential shadow casters without occlusion
                    FrustumOctreeQuery query(tempDrawables_, shadowCamera->GetFrustum(), DRAWABLE_GEOMETRY,
                        camera_->GetViewMask());
                    octree_->GetDrawables(query);
                }
                else
                {
                    // Get potential shadow casters with occlusion
                    OccludedFrustumOctreeQuery query(tempDrawables_, shadowCamera->GetFrustum(), buffer,
                        DRAWABLE_GEOMETRY, camera_->GetViewMask());
                    octree_->GetDrawables(query);
                }
                
                ProcessLightQuery(i, tempDrawables_, geometryBox, shadowCasterBox, false, isSplitShadowed);
            }
            break;
            
        case LIGHT_POINT:
            {
                SphereOctreeQuery query(tempDrawables_, Sphere(split->GetWorldPosition(), split->GetRange()), DRAWABLE_GEOMETRY,
                    camera_->GetViewMask());
                octree_->GetDrawables(query);
                ProcessLightQuery(i, tempDrawables_, geometryBox, shadowCasterBox, true, false);
            }
            break;
            
        case LIGHT_SPOT:
        case LIGHT_SPLITPOINT:
            {
                FrustumOctreeQuery query(tempDrawables_, splitLights_[i]->GetFrustum(), DRAWABLE_GEOMETRY,
                    camera_->GetViewMask());
                octree_->GetDrawables(query);
                ProcessLightQuery(i, tempDrawables_, geometryBox, shadowCasterBox, true, isSplitShadowed);
            }
            break;
        }
        
        // Optimization: if a particular split has no shadow casters, render as unshadowed
        if (!shadowCasters_[i].Size())
            split->SetShadowMap(0);
        
        // Focus shadow camera as applicable
        if (split->GetShadowMap())
        {
            if (split->GetShadowFocus().focus_)
                FocusShadowCamera(split, geometryBox, shadowCasterBox);
            
            // Set a zoom factor to ensure that we do not render to the shadow map border
            // (clamp addressing is necessary because border mode /w hardware shadow maps is not supported by all GPUs)
            Camera* shadowCamera = split->GetShadowCamera();
            Texture2D* shadowMap = split->GetShadowMap();
            if (shadowCamera->GetZoom() >= 1.0f)
                shadowCamera->SetZoom(shadowCamera->GetZoom() * ((float)(shadowMap->GetWidth() - 2) /
                    (float)shadowMap->GetWidth()));
        }
        
        // Update count of total lit geometries & shadow casters
        numLitGeometries += litGeometries_[i].Size();
        numShadowCasters += shadowCasters_[i].Size();
    }
    
    // If no lit geometries at all, no need to process further
    if (!numLitGeometries)
        numSplits = 0;
    // If no shadow casters at all, concatenate lit geometries into one & return the original light
    else if (!numShadowCasters)
    {
        if (numSplits > 1)
        {
            // Make sure there are no duplicates
            HashSet<Drawable*> allLitGeometries;
            for (unsigned i = 0; i < numSplits; ++i)
            {
                for (Vector<Drawable*>::Iterator j = litGeometries_[i].Begin(); j != litGeometries_[i].End(); ++j)
                    allLitGeometries.Insert(*j);
            }
            
            litGeometries_[0].Resize(allLitGeometries.Size());
            unsigned index = 0;
            for (HashSet<Drawable*>::Iterator i = allLitGeometries.Begin(); i != allLitGeometries.End(); ++i)
                litGeometries_[0][index++] = *i;
        }
        
        splitLights_[0] = light;
        splitLights_[0]->SetShadowMap(0);
        numSplits = 1;
    }
    
    return numSplits;
}

void View::ProcessLightQuery(unsigned splitIndex, const PODVector<Drawable*>& result, BoundingBox& geometryBox,
    BoundingBox& shadowCasterBox, bool getLitGeometries, bool getShadowCasters)
{
    Light* light = splitLights_[splitIndex];
    
    Matrix3x4 lightView;
    Matrix4 lightProj;
    Frustum lightViewFrustum;
    BoundingBox lightViewFrustumBox;
    bool mergeBoxes = light->GetLightType() != LIGHT_SPLITPOINT && light->GetShadowMap() && light->GetShadowFocus().focus_;
    bool projectBoxes = false;
    
    Camera* shadowCamera = light->GetShadowCamera();
    if (shadowCamera)
    {
        bool projectBoxes = !shadowCamera->IsOrthographic();
        lightView = shadowCamera->GetInverseWorldTransform();
        lightProj = shadowCamera->GetProjection();
        
        // Transform scene frustum into shadow camera's view space for shadow caster visibility check
        // For point & spot lights, we can use the whole scene frustum. For directional lights, use the
        // intersection of the scene frustum and the split frustum, so that shadow casters do not get
        // rendered into unnecessary splits
        if (light->GetLightType() != LIGHT_DIRECTIONAL)
            lightViewFrustum = camera_->GetSplitFrustum(sceneViewBox_.min_.z_, sceneViewBox_.max_.z_).Transformed(lightView);
        else
            lightViewFrustum = camera_->GetSplitFrustum(Max(sceneViewBox_.min_.z_, light->GetNearSplit() - 
                light->GetNearFadeRange()), Min(sceneViewBox_.max_.z_, light->GetFarSplit())).Transformed(lightView);
        lightViewFrustumBox.Define(lightViewFrustum);
        
        // Check for degenerate split frustum: in that case there is no need to get shadow casters
        if (lightViewFrustum.vertices_[0] == lightViewFrustum.vertices_[4])
            getShadowCasters = false;
    }
    else
        getShadowCasters = false;
    
    BoundingBox lightViewBox;
    BoundingBox lightProjBox;
    
    for (unsigned i = 0; i < result.Size(); ++i)
    {
        Drawable* drawable = static_cast<Drawable*>(result[i]);
        drawable->UpdateDistance(frame_);
        bool boxGenerated = false;
        
        // If draw distance non-zero, check it
        float maxDistance = drawable->GetDrawDistance();
        if (maxDistance > 0.0f && drawable->GetDistance() > maxDistance)
            continue;
        
        // Check light mask
        if (!(drawable->GetLightMask() & light->GetLightMask()))
            continue;
        
        // Get lit geometry only if inside main camera frustum this frame
        if (getLitGeometries && drawable->IsInView(frame_))
        {
            if (mergeBoxes)
            {
                // Transform bounding box into light view space, and to projection space if needed
                lightViewBox = drawable->GetWorldBoundingBox().Transformed(lightView);
                
                if (!projectBoxes)
                    geometryBox.Merge(lightViewBox);
                else
                {
                    lightProjBox = lightViewBox.Projected(lightProj);
                    geometryBox.Merge(lightProjBox);
                }
                
                boxGenerated = true;
            }
            
            litGeometries_[splitIndex].Push(drawable);
        }
        
        // Shadow caster need not be inside main camera frustum: in that case try to detect whether
        // the shadow projection intersects the view
        if (getShadowCasters && drawable->GetCastShadows())
        {
            // If shadow distance non-zero, check it
            float maxShadowDistance = drawable->GetShadowDistance();
            if (maxShadowDistance > 0.0f && drawable->GetDistance() > maxShadowDistance)
                continue;
            
            if (!boxGenerated)
                lightViewBox = drawable->GetWorldBoundingBox().Transformed(lightView);
            
            if (IsShadowCasterVisible(drawable, lightViewBox, shadowCamera, lightView, lightViewFrustum, lightViewFrustumBox))
            {
                if (mergeBoxes)
                {
                    if (!projectBoxes)
                        shadowCasterBox.Merge(lightViewBox);
                    else
                    {
                        if (!boxGenerated)
                            lightProjBox = lightViewBox.Projected(lightProj);
                        shadowCasterBox.Merge(lightProjBox);
                    }
                }
                
                // Update geometry now if not updated yet
                if (!drawable->IsInView(frame_))
                {
                    drawable->MarkInShadowView(frame_);
                    drawable->UpdateGeometry(frame_);
                }
                shadowCasters_[splitIndex].Push(drawable);
            }
        }
    }
}

bool View::IsShadowCasterVisible(Drawable* drawable, BoundingBox lightViewBox, Camera* shadowCamera, const Matrix3x4& lightView,
    const Frustum& lightViewFrustum, const BoundingBox& lightViewFrustumBox)
{
    // If shadow caster is also an occluder, must let it be visible, because it has potentially already culled
    // away other shadow casters (could also check the actual shadow occluder vector, but that would be slower)
    if (drawable->IsOccluder())
        return true;
    
    if (shadowCamera->IsOrthographic())
    {
        // Extrude the light space bounding box up to the far edge of the frustum's light space bounding box
        lightViewBox.max_.z_ = Max(lightViewBox.max_.z_,lightViewFrustumBox.max_.z_);
        return lightViewFrustum.IsInsideFast(lightViewBox) != OUTSIDE;
    }
    else
    {
        // If light is not directional, can do a simple check: if object is visible, its shadow is too
        if (drawable->IsInView(frame_))
            return true;
        
        // For perspective lights, extrusion direction depends on the position of the shadow caster
        Vector3 center = lightViewBox.Center();
        Ray extrusionRay(center, center.Normalized());
        
        float extrusionDistance = shadowCamera->GetFarClip();
        float originalDistance = Clamp(center.LengthFast(), M_EPSILON, extrusionDistance);
        
        // Because of the perspective, the bounding box must also grow when it is extruded to the distance
        float sizeFactor = extrusionDistance / originalDistance;
        
        // Calculate the endpoint box and merge it to the original. Because it's axis-aligned, it will be larger
        // than necessary, so the test will be conservative
        Vector3 newCenter = extrusionDistance * extrusionRay.direction_;
        Vector3 newHalfSize = lightViewBox.Size() * sizeFactor * 0.5f;
        BoundingBox extrudedBox(newCenter - newHalfSize, newCenter + newHalfSize);
        lightViewBox.Merge(extrudedBox);
        
        return lightViewFrustum.IsInsideFast(lightViewBox) != OUTSIDE;
    }
}

void View::SetupShadowCamera(Light* light, bool shadowOcclusion)
{
    Camera* shadowCamera = light->GetShadowCamera();
    Node* cameraNode = shadowCamera->GetNode();
    const FocusParameters& parameters = light->GetShadowFocus();
    
    // Reset zoom
    shadowCamera->SetZoom(1.0f);
    
    switch (light->GetLightType())
    {
    case LIGHT_DIRECTIONAL:
        {
            float extrusionDistance = camera_->GetFarClip();
            
            // Calculate initial position & rotation
            Vector3 lightWorldDirection = light->GetWorldRotation() * Vector3::FORWARD;
            Vector3 pos = camera_->GetWorldPosition() - extrusionDistance * lightWorldDirection;
            Quaternion rot(Vector3::FORWARD, lightWorldDirection);
            cameraNode->SetTransform(pos, rot);
            
            // Calculate main camera shadowed frustum in light's view space
            float sceneMaxZ = camera_->GetFarClip();
            // When shadow focusing is enabled, use the scene far Z to limit maximum frustum size
            if (shadowOcclusion || parameters.focus_)
                sceneMaxZ = Min(sceneViewBox_.max_.z_, sceneMaxZ);
            
            Matrix3x4 lightView(shadowCamera->GetInverseWorldTransform());
            Frustum lightViewSplitFrustum = camera_->GetSplitFrustum(light->GetNearSplit() - light->GetNearFadeRange(),
                Min(light->GetFarSplit(), sceneMaxZ)).Transformed(lightView);
            
            // Fit the frustum inside a bounding box. If uniform size, use a sphere instead
            BoundingBox shadowBox;
            if (!shadowOcclusion && parameters.nonUniform_)
                shadowBox.Define(lightViewSplitFrustum);
            else
            {
                Sphere shadowSphere;
                shadowSphere.Define(lightViewSplitFrustum);
                shadowBox.Define(shadowSphere);
            }
            
            shadowCamera->SetOrthographic(true);
            shadowCamera->SetNearClip(0.0f);
            shadowCamera->SetFarClip(shadowBox.max_.z_);
            
            // Center shadow camera on the bounding box, snap to whole texels
            QuantizeDirShadowCamera(light, shadowBox);
        }
        break;
        
    case LIGHT_SPOT:
    case LIGHT_SPLITPOINT:
        {
            cameraNode->SetTransform(light->GetWorldPosition(), light->GetWorldRotation());
            shadowCamera->SetNearClip(light->GetShadowNearFarRatio() * light->GetRange());
            shadowCamera->SetFarClip(light->GetRange());
            shadowCamera->SetOrthographic(false);
            shadowCamera->SetFov(light->GetFov());
            shadowCamera->SetAspectRatio(light->GetAspectRatio());
            
            // For spot lights, zoom out shadowmap if far away (reduces fillrate)
            if (light->GetLightType() == LIGHT_SPOT && parameters.zoomOut_)
            {
                // Make sure the out-zooming does not start while we are inside the spot
                float distance = Max((camera_->GetInverseWorldTransform() * light->GetWorldPosition()).z_ - light->GetRange(),
                    1.0f);
                float lightPixels = (((float)height_ * light->GetRange() * camera_->GetZoom() * 0.5f) / distance);
                
                // Clamp pixel amount to a sufficient minimum to avoid self-shadowing artifacts due to loss of precision
                if (lightPixels < SHADOW_MIN_PIXELS)
                    lightPixels = SHADOW_MIN_PIXELS;
                
                float zoomLevel = Min(lightPixels / (float)light->GetShadowMap()->GetHeight(), 1.0f);
                
                shadowCamera->SetZoom(zoomLevel);
            }
        }
        break;
    }
}

void View::FocusShadowCamera(Light* light, const BoundingBox& geometryBox, const BoundingBox& shadowCasterBox)
{
    // If either no geometries or no shadow casters, do nothing
    if (!geometryBox.defined_ || !shadowCasterBox.defined_)
        return;
    
    Camera* shadowCamera = light->GetShadowCamera();
    const FocusParameters& parameters = light->GetShadowFocus();
    
    switch (light->GetLightType())
    {
    case LIGHT_DIRECTIONAL:
        {
            BoundingBox combinedBox;
            combinedBox.max_.y_ = shadowCamera->GetOrthoSize() * 0.5f;
            combinedBox.max_.x_ = shadowCamera->GetAspectRatio() * combinedBox.max_.y_;
            combinedBox.min_.y_ = -combinedBox.max_.y_;
            combinedBox.min_.x_ = -combinedBox.max_.x_;
            combinedBox.Intersect(geometryBox);
            combinedBox.Intersect(shadowCasterBox);
            QuantizeDirShadowCamera(light, combinedBox);
        }
        break;
        
    case LIGHT_SPOT:
        // Can not move, but can zoom the shadow camera. Check for out-zooming (distant shadow map), do nothing in that case
        if (shadowCamera->GetZoom() >= 1.0f)
        {
            BoundingBox combinedBox(-1.0f, 1.0f);
            combinedBox.Intersect(geometryBox);
            combinedBox.Intersect(shadowCasterBox);
            
            float viewSizeX = Max(fabsf(combinedBox.min_.x_), fabsf(combinedBox.max_.x_));
            float viewSizeY = Max(fabsf(combinedBox.min_.y_), fabsf(combinedBox.max_.y_));
            float viewSize = Max(viewSizeX, viewSizeY);
            // Scale the quantization parameters, because view size is in projection space (-1.0 - 1.0)
            float invOrthoSize = 1.0f / shadowCamera->GetOrthoSize();
            float quantize = parameters.quantize_ * invOrthoSize;
            float minView = parameters.minView_ * invOrthoSize;
            viewSize = Max(ceilf(viewSize / quantize) * quantize, minView);
            
            if (viewSize < 1.0f)
                shadowCamera->SetZoom(1.0f / viewSize);
        }
        break;
    }
}

void View::QuantizeDirShadowCamera(Light* light, const BoundingBox& viewBox)
{
    Camera* shadowCamera = light->GetShadowCamera();
    Node* cameraNode = shadowCamera->GetNode();
    const FocusParameters& parameters = light->GetShadowFocus();
    
    float minX = viewBox.min_.x_;
    float minY = viewBox.min_.y_;
    float maxX = viewBox.max_.x_;
    float maxY = viewBox.max_.y_;
    
    Vector2 center((minX + maxX) * 0.5f, (minY + maxY) * 0.5f);
    Vector2 viewSize(maxX - minX, maxY - minY);
    
    // Quantize size to reduce swimming
    // Note: if size is uniform and there is no focusing, quantization is unnecessary
    if (parameters.nonUniform_)
    {
        viewSize.x_ = ceilf(sqrtf(viewSize.x_ / parameters.quantize_));
        viewSize.y_ = ceilf(sqrtf(viewSize.y_ / parameters.quantize_));
        viewSize.x_ = Max(viewSize.x_ * viewSize.x_ * parameters.quantize_, parameters.minView_);
        viewSize.y_ = Max(viewSize.y_ * viewSize.y_ * parameters.quantize_, parameters.minView_);
    }
    else if (parameters.focus_)
    {
        viewSize.x_ = Max(viewSize.x_, viewSize.y_);
        viewSize.x_ = ceilf(sqrtf(viewSize.x_ / parameters.quantize_));
        viewSize.x_ = Max(viewSize.x_ * viewSize.x_ * parameters.quantize_, parameters.minView_);
        viewSize.y_ = viewSize.x_;
    }
    
    shadowCamera->SetOrthoSize(viewSize);
    
    // Center shadow camera to the view space bounding box
    Vector3 pos = shadowCamera->GetWorldPosition();
    Quaternion rot = shadowCamera->GetWorldRotation();
    Vector3 adjust(center.x_, center.y_, 0.0f);
    cameraNode->Translate(rot * adjust);
    
    // If there is a shadow map, snap to its whole texels
    Texture2D* shadowMap = light->GetShadowMap();
    if (shadowMap)
    {
        Vector3 viewPos(rot.Inverse() * shadowCamera->GetWorldPosition());
        // Take into account that shadow map border will not be used
        float invActualSize = 1.0f / (float)(shadowMap->GetWidth() - 2);
        Vector2 texelSize(viewSize.x_ * invActualSize, viewSize.y_ * invActualSize);
        Vector3 snap(-fmodf(viewPos.x_, texelSize.x_), -fmodf(viewPos.y_, texelSize.y_), 0.0f);
        cameraNode->Translate(rot * snap);
    }
}

void View::OptimizeLightByScissor(Light* light)
{
    if (light)
        graphics_->SetScissorTest(true, GetLightScissor(light));
    else
        graphics_->SetScissorTest(false);
}

const Rect& View::GetLightScissor(Light* light)
{
    Map<Light*, Rect>::Iterator i = lightScissorCache_.Find(light);
    if (i != lightScissorCache_.End())
        return i->second_;
    
    Matrix3x4 view(camera_->GetInverseWorldTransform());
    Matrix4 projection(camera_->GetProjection());
    
    switch (light->GetLightType())
    {
    case LIGHT_POINT:
        {
            BoundingBox viewBox = light->GetWorldBoundingBox().Transformed(view);
            return lightScissorCache_[light] = viewBox.Projected(projection);
        }
        
    case LIGHT_SPOT:
    case LIGHT_SPLITPOINT:
        {
            Frustum viewFrustum = light->GetFrustum().Transformed(view);
            return lightScissorCache_[light] = viewFrustum.Projected(projection);
        }
        
    default:
        return lightScissorCache_[light] = Rect::FULL;
    }
}

unsigned View::SplitLight(Light* light)
{
    LightType type = light->GetLightType();
    
    if (type == LIGHT_DIRECTIONAL)
    {
        const CascadeParameters& cascade = light->GetShadowCascade();
        
        unsigned splits = cascade.splits_;
        if (splits > MAX_LIGHT_SPLITS - 1)
            splits = MAX_LIGHT_SPLITS - 1;
        
        // Orthographic view actually has near clip 0, but clamp it to a theoretical minimum
        float farClip = Min(cascade.shadowRange_, camera_->GetFarClip()); // Shadow range end
        float nearClip = Max(camera_->GetNearClip(), M_MIN_NEARCLIP); // Shadow range start
        bool createExtraSplit = farClip < camera_->GetFarClip();
        
        // Practical split scheme (Zhang et al.)
        unsigned i;
        for (i = 0; i < splits; ++i)
        {
            // Set a minimum for the fade range to avoid boundary artifacts (missing lighting)
            float splitFadeRange = Max(cascade.splitFadeRange_, 0.001f);
            
            float iPerM = (float)i / (float)splits;
            float log = nearClip * powf(farClip / nearClip, iPerM);
            float uniform = nearClip + (farClip - nearClip) * iPerM;
            float nearSplit = log * cascade.lambda_ + uniform * (1.0f - cascade.lambda_);
            float nearFadeRange = nearSplit * splitFadeRange;
            
            iPerM = (float)(i + 1) / (float)splits;
            log = nearClip * powf(farClip / nearClip, iPerM);
            uniform = nearClip + (farClip - nearClip) * iPerM;
            float farSplit = log * cascade.lambda_ + uniform * (1.0f - cascade.lambda_);
            float farFadeRange = farSplit * splitFadeRange;
            
            // If split is completely beyond camera far clip, we are done
            if ((nearSplit - nearFadeRange) > camera_->GetFarClip())
                break;
            
            Light* splitLight = renderer_->CreateSplitLight(light);
            splitLights_[i] = splitLight;
            
            // Though the near clip was previously clamped, use the real near clip value for the first split,
            // so that there are no unlit portions
            if (i)
                splitLight->SetNearSplit(nearSplit);
            else
                splitLight->SetNearSplit(camera_->GetNearClip());
            
            splitLight->SetNearFadeRange(nearFadeRange);
            splitLight->SetFarSplit(farSplit);
            
            // If not creating an extra split, the final split should not fade
            splitLight->SetFarFadeRange((createExtraSplit || i < splits - 1) ? farFadeRange : 0.0f);
            
            // Create an extra unshadowed split if necessary
            if (createExtraSplit && i == splits - 1)
            {
                Light* splitLight = renderer_->CreateSplitLight(light);
                splitLights_[i + 1] = splitLight;
                
                splitLight->SetNearSplit(farSplit);
                splitLight->SetNearFadeRange(farFadeRange);
                splitLight->SetCastShadows(false);
            }
        }
        
        if (createExtraSplit)
            return i + 1;
        else
            return i;
    }
    
    if (type == LIGHT_POINT)
    {
        for (unsigned i = 0; i < MAX_CUBEMAP_FACES; ++i)
        {
            Light* splitLight = renderer_->CreateSplitLight(light);
            Node* lightNode = splitLight->GetNode();
            splitLights_[i] = splitLight;
            
            splitLight->SetLightType(LIGHT_SPLITPOINT);
            // When making a shadowed point light, align the splits along X, Y and Z axes regardless of light rotation
            lightNode->SetDirection(directions[i]);
            splitLight->SetFov(90.0f);
            splitLight->SetAspectRatio(1.0f);
        }
        
        return MAX_CUBEMAP_FACES;
    }
    
    // A spot light does not actually need splitting. However, we may be rendering several views,
    // and in some the light might be unshadowed, so better create an unique copy
    Light* splitLight = renderer_->CreateSplitLight(light);
    splitLights_[0] = splitLight;
    return 1;
}

Technique* View::GetTechnique(Drawable* drawable, Material*& material)
{
    if (!material)
        material = renderer_->GetDefaultMaterial();
    if (!material)
        return 0;
    
    float lodDistance = drawable->GetLodDistance();
    const Vector<TechniqueEntry>& techniques = material->GetTechniques();
    if (techniques.Empty())
        return 0;
    
    // Check for suitable technique. Techniques should be ordered like this:
    // Most distant & highest quality
    // Most distant & lowest quality
    // Second most distant & highest quality
    // ...
    for (unsigned i = 0; i < techniques.Size(); ++i)
    {
        const TechniqueEntry& entry = techniques[i];
        Technique* technique = entry.technique_;
        if (!technique || (technique->IsSM3() && !graphics_->GetSM3Support()) || materialQuality_ < entry.qualityLevel_)
            continue;
        if (lodDistance >= entry.lodDistance_)
            return technique;
    }
    
    // If no suitable technique found, fallback to the last
    return techniques.Back().technique_;
}

void View::CheckMaterialForAuxView(Material* material)
{
    const Vector<SharedPtr<Texture> >& textures = material->GetTextures();
    
    for (unsigned i = 0; i < textures.Size(); ++i)
    {
        // Have to check cube & 2D textures separately
        Texture* texture = textures[i];
        if (texture)
        {
            if (texture->GetType() == Texture2D::GetTypeStatic())
            {
                Texture2D* tex2D = static_cast<Texture2D*>(texture);
                RenderSurface* target = tex2D->GetRenderSurface();
                if (target)
                {
                    const Viewport& viewport = target->GetViewport();
                    if (viewport.scene_ && viewport.camera_)
                        renderer_->AddView(target, viewport);
                }
            }
            else if (texture->GetType() == TextureCube::GetTypeStatic())
            {
                TextureCube* texCube = static_cast<TextureCube*>(texture);
                for (unsigned j = 0; j < MAX_CUBEMAP_FACES; ++j)
                {
                    RenderSurface* target = texCube->GetRenderSurface((CubeMapFace)j);
                    if (target)
                    {
                        const Viewport& viewport = target->GetViewport();
                        if (viewport.scene_ && viewport.camera_)
                            renderer_->AddView(target, viewport);
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }
    
    // Set frame number so that we can early-out next time we come across this material on the same frame
    material->MarkForAuxView(frame_.frameNumber_);
}

void View::SortBatches()
{
    PROFILE(SortBatches);
    
    if (mode_ != RENDER_FORWARD)
    {
        gBufferQueue_.SortFrontToBack();
        noShadowLightQueue_.SortFrontToBack();
    }
    
    baseQueue_.SortFrontToBack();
    extraQueue_.SortFrontToBack();
    transparentQueue_.SortBackToFront();
    
    for (unsigned i = 0; i < lightQueues_.Size(); ++i)
    {
        lightQueues_[i].shadowBatches_.SortFrontToBack();
        lightQueues_[i].litBatches_.SortFrontToBack();
    }
}

void View::PrepareInstancingBuffer()
{
    PROFILE(PrepareInstancingBuffer);
    
    unsigned totalInstances = 0;
    
    if (mode_ != RENDER_FORWARD)
        totalInstances += gBufferQueue_.GetNumInstances();
    totalInstances += baseQueue_.GetNumInstances();
    totalInstances += extraQueue_.GetNumInstances();
    
    for (unsigned i = 0; i < lightQueues_.Size(); ++i)
    {
        totalInstances += lightQueues_[i].shadowBatches_.GetNumInstances();
        totalInstances += lightQueues_[i].litBatches_.GetNumInstances();
    }
    
    // If fail to set buffer size, fall back to per-group locking
    if (totalInstances && renderer_->ResizeInstancingBuffer(totalInstances))
    {
        unsigned freeIndex = 0;
        void* lockedData = renderer_->instancingBuffer_->Lock(0, totalInstances, LOCK_DISCARD);
        if (lockedData)
        {
            if (mode_ != RENDER_FORWARD)
                gBufferQueue_.SetTransforms(lockedData, freeIndex);
            baseQueue_.SetTransforms(lockedData, freeIndex);
            extraQueue_.SetTransforms(lockedData, freeIndex);
            
            for (unsigned i = 0; i < lightQueues_.Size(); ++i)
            {
                lightQueues_[i].shadowBatches_.SetTransforms(lockedData, freeIndex);
                lightQueues_[i].litBatches_.SetTransforms(lockedData, freeIndex);
            }
            
            renderer_->instancingBuffer_->Unlock();
        }
    }
}

void View::CalculateShaderParameters()
{
    Time* time = GetSubsystem<Time>();
    
    float farClip = camera_->GetFarClip();
    float nearClip = camera_->GetNearClip();
    float fogStart = Min(zone_->GetFogStart(), farClip);
    float fogEnd = Min(zone_->GetFogEnd(), farClip);
    if (fogStart >= fogEnd * (1.0f - M_LARGE_EPSILON))
        fogStart = fogEnd * (1.0f - M_LARGE_EPSILON);
    float fogRange = Max(fogEnd - fogStart, M_EPSILON);
    Vector4 fogParams(fogStart / farClip, fogEnd / farClip, 1.0f / (fogRange / farClip), 0.0f);
    Vector4 elapsedTime((time->GetTotalMSec() & 0x3fffff) / 1000.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f);
    
    Vector4 depthMode = Vector4::ZERO;
    if (camera_->IsOrthographic())
    {
        depthMode.x_ = 1.0f;
        #ifdef USE_OPENGL
        depthMode.z_ = 0.5f;
        depthMode.w_ = 0.5f;
        #else
        depthMode.z_ = 1.0f;
        #endif
    }
    else
        depthMode.w_ = 1.0f / camera_->GetFarClip();
    
    shaderParameters_.Clear();
    shaderParameters_[VSP_DEPTHMODE] = depthMode;
    shaderParameters_[VSP_ELAPSEDTIME] = elapsedTime;
    shaderParameters_[PSP_AMBIENTCOLOR] = zone_->GetAmbientColor().ToVector4();
    shaderParameters_[PSP_ELAPSEDTIME] = elapsedTime;
    shaderParameters_[PSP_FOGCOLOR] = zone_->GetFogColor().ToVector4(),
    shaderParameters_[PSP_FOGPARAMS] = fogParams;
    
    if (mode_ == RENDER_DEFERRED)
    {
        // Calculate shader parameters needed only in deferred rendering
        Vector3 nearVector, farVector;
        camera_->GetFrustumSize(nearVector, farVector);
        Vector4 viewportParams(farVector.x_, farVector.y_, farVector.z_, 0.0f);
        
        float gBufferWidth = (float)graphics_->GetWidth();
        float gBufferHeight = (float)graphics_->GetHeight();
        float widthRange = 0.5f * width_ / gBufferWidth;
        float heightRange = 0.5f * height_ / gBufferHeight;
        
        // Hardware depth is non-linear in perspective views, so calculate the depth reconstruction parameters
        float farClip = camera_->GetFarClip();
        float nearClip = camera_->GetNearClip();
        Vector4 depthReconstruct = Vector4::ZERO;
        depthReconstruct.x_ = farClip / (farClip - nearClip);
        depthReconstruct.y_ = -nearClip / (farClip - nearClip);
        shaderParameters_[PSP_DEPTHRECONSTRUCT] = depthReconstruct;
        
        #ifdef USE_OPENGL
        Vector4 bufferUVOffset(((float)screenRect_.left_) / gBufferWidth + widthRange,
            ((float)screenRect_.top_) / gBufferHeight + heightRange, widthRange, heightRange);
        #else
        Vector4 bufferUVOffset((0.5f + (float)screenRect_.left_) / gBufferWidth + widthRange,
            (0.5f + (float)screenRect_.top_) / gBufferHeight + heightRange, widthRange, heightRange);
        #endif
        
        Vector4 viewportSize((float)screenRect_.left_ / gBufferWidth, (float)screenRect_.top_ / gBufferHeight,
            (float)screenRect_.right_ / gBufferWidth, (float)screenRect_.bottom_ / gBufferHeight);
        
        shaderParameters_[VSP_FRUSTUMSIZE] = viewportParams;
        shaderParameters_[VSP_GBUFFEROFFSETS] = bufferUVOffset;
        shaderParameters_[PSP_GBUFFEROFFSETS] = bufferUVOffset;
    }
}

void View::SetupLightBatch(Batch& batch, bool firstSplit)
{
    Matrix3x4 view(batch.camera_->GetInverseWorldTransform());
    
    Light* light = batch.light_;
    float lightExtent = light->GetVolumeExtent();
    float lightViewDist = (light->GetWorldPosition() - batch.camera_->GetWorldPosition()).LengthFast();
    
    graphics_->SetAlphaTest(false);
    graphics_->SetBlendMode(BLEND_ADD);
    graphics_->SetDepthWrite(false);
    
    if (light->GetLightType() == LIGHT_DIRECTIONAL)
    {
        // Get projection without jitter offset to ensure the whole screen is filled
        Matrix4 projection(batch.camera_->GetProjection(false));
        
        // If the light does not extend to the near plane, use a stencil test. Else just draw with depth fail
        if (light->GetNearSplit() <= batch.camera_->GetNearClip())
        {
            graphics_->SetCullMode(CULL_NONE);
            graphics_->SetDepthTest(CMP_GREATER);
            graphics_->SetStencilTest(false);
        }
        else
        {
            Matrix3x4 nearTransform = light->GetDirLightTransform(*batch.camera_, true);
            
            // Set state for stencil rendering
            graphics_->SetColorWrite(false);
            graphics_->SetCullMode(CULL_NONE);
            graphics_->SetDepthTest(CMP_LESSEQUAL);
            graphics_->SetStencilTest(true, CMP_ALWAYS, OP_REF, OP_ZERO, OP_ZERO, 1);
            graphics_->SetShaders(renderer_->stencilVS_, renderer_->stencilPS_);
            graphics_->SetShaderParameter(VSP_VIEWPROJ, projection);
            graphics_->SetShaderParameter(VSP_MODEL, nearTransform);
            graphics_->ClearTransformSources();
            
            // Draw to stencil
            batch.geometry_->Draw(graphics_);
            
            // Re-enable color write, set test for rendering the actual light
            graphics_->SetColorWrite(true);
            graphics_->SetDepthTest(CMP_GREATER);
            graphics_->SetStencilTest(true, CMP_EQUAL, OP_KEEP, OP_KEEP, OP_KEEP, 1);
        }
    }
    else
    {
        Matrix4 projection(batch.camera_->GetProjection());
        const Matrix3x4& model = light->GetVolumeTransform(*batch.camera_);
        
        if (light->GetLightType() == LIGHT_SPLITPOINT)
        {
            // Shadowed point light, split in 6 frustums: mask out overlapping pixels to prevent overlighting
            // If it is the first split, zero the stencil with a scissored clear operation
            if (firstSplit)
            {
                OptimizeLightByScissor(light->GetOriginalLight());
                graphics_->Clear(CLEAR_STENCIL);
                graphics_->SetScissorTest(false);
            }
            
            // Check whether we should draw front or back faces
            bool drawBackFaces = lightViewDist < (lightExtent + batch.camera_->GetNearClip());
            graphics_->SetColorWrite(false);
            graphics_->SetCullMode(drawBackFaces ? CULL_CCW : CULL_CW);
            graphics_->SetDepthTest(drawBackFaces ? CMP_GREATER : CMP_LESS);
            graphics_->SetStencilTest(true, CMP_EQUAL, OP_INCR, OP_KEEP, OP_KEEP, 0);
            graphics_->SetShaders(renderer_->stencilVS_, renderer_->stencilPS_);
            graphics_->SetShaderParameter(VSP_VIEWPROJ, projection * view);
            graphics_->SetShaderParameter(VSP_MODEL, model);
            
            // Draw the other faces to stencil to mark where we should not draw
            batch.geometry_->Draw(graphics_);
            
            graphics_->SetColorWrite(true);
            graphics_->SetCullMode(drawBackFaces ? CULL_CW : CULL_CCW);
            graphics_->SetStencilTest(true, CMP_EQUAL, OP_DECR, OP_DECR, OP_KEEP, 0);
        }
        else
        {
            // If light is close to near clip plane, we might be inside light volume
            if (lightViewDist < (lightExtent + batch.camera_->GetNearClip()))
            {
                // In this case reverse cull mode & depth test and render back faces
                graphics_->SetCullMode(CULL_CW);
                graphics_->SetDepthTest(CMP_GREATER);
                graphics_->SetStencilTest(false);
            }
            else
            {
                // If not too close to far clip plane, write the back faces to stencil for optimization,
                // then render front faces. Else just render front faces.
                if (lightViewDist < (batch.camera_->GetFarClip() - lightExtent))
                {
                    // Set state for stencil rendering
                    graphics_->SetColorWrite(false);
                    graphics_->SetCullMode(CULL_CW);
                    graphics_->SetDepthTest(CMP_GREATER);
                    graphics_->SetStencilTest(true, CMP_ALWAYS, OP_REF, OP_ZERO, OP_ZERO, 1);
                    graphics_->SetShaders(renderer_->stencilVS_, renderer_->stencilPS_);
                    graphics_->SetShaderParameter(VSP_VIEWPROJ, projection * view);
                    graphics_->SetShaderParameter(VSP_MODEL, model);
                    
                    // Draw to stencil
                    batch.geometry_->Draw(graphics_);
                    
                    // Re-enable color write, set test for rendering the actual light
                    graphics_->SetColorWrite(true);
                    graphics_->SetStencilTest(true, CMP_EQUAL, OP_KEEP, OP_KEEP, OP_KEEP, 1);
                    graphics_->SetCullMode(CULL_CCW);
                    graphics_->SetDepthTest(CMP_LESS);
                }
                else
                {
                    graphics_->SetStencilTest(false);
                    graphics_->SetCullMode(CULL_CCW);
                    graphics_->SetDepthTest(CMP_LESS);
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

void View::DrawSplitLightToStencil(Camera& camera, Light* light, bool firstSplit)
{
    Matrix3x4 view(camera.GetInverseWorldTransform());
    
    switch (light->GetLightType())
    {
    case LIGHT_SPLITPOINT:
        {
            // Shadowed point light, split in 6 frustums: mask out overlapping pixels to prevent overlighting
            // If it is the first split, zero the stencil with a scissored clear operation
            if (firstSplit)
            {
                OptimizeLightByScissor(light->GetOriginalLight());
                graphics_->Clear(CLEAR_STENCIL);
                graphics_->SetScissorTest(false);
            }
            
            Matrix4 projection(camera.GetProjection());
            const Matrix3x4& model = light->GetVolumeTransform(camera);
            float lightExtent = light->GetVolumeExtent();
            float lightViewDist = (light->GetWorldPosition() - camera.GetWorldPosition()).LengthFast();
            bool drawBackFaces = lightViewDist < (lightExtent + camera.GetNearClip());
            
            graphics_->SetAlphaTest(false);
            graphics_->SetColorWrite(false);
            graphics_->SetDepthWrite(false);
            graphics_->SetCullMode(drawBackFaces ? CULL_CW : CULL_CCW);
            graphics_->SetDepthTest(drawBackFaces ? CMP_GREATER : CMP_LESS);
            graphics_->SetShaders(renderer_->stencilVS_, renderer_->stencilPS_);
            graphics_->SetShaderParameter(VSP_MODEL, model);
            graphics_->SetShaderParameter(VSP_VIEWPROJ, projection * view);
            graphics_->ClearTransformSources();
            
            // Draw the faces to stencil which we should draw (where no light has been rendered yet)
            graphics_->SetStencilTest(true, CMP_EQUAL, OP_INCR, OP_KEEP, OP_KEEP, 0);
            renderer_->spotLightGeometry_->Draw(graphics_);
            
            // Draw the other faces to stencil to mark where we should not draw ("frees up" the pixels for other faces)
            graphics_->SetCullMode(drawBackFaces ? CULL_CCW : CULL_CW);
            graphics_->SetStencilTest(true, CMP_EQUAL, OP_DECR, OP_KEEP, OP_KEEP, 1);
            renderer_->spotLightGeometry_->Draw(graphics_);
            
            // Now set stencil test for rendering the lit geometries (also marks the pixels so that they will not be used again)
            graphics_->SetStencilTest(true, CMP_EQUAL, OP_INCR, OP_KEEP, OP_KEEP, 1);
            graphics_->SetColorWrite(true);
        }
        break;
        
    case LIGHT_DIRECTIONAL:
        // If light encompasses whole frustum, no drawing to stencil necessary
        if (light->GetNearSplit() <= camera.GetNearClip() && light->GetFarSplit() >= camera.GetFarClip())
        {
            graphics_->SetStencilTest(false);
            return;
        }
        else
        {
            // Get projection without jitter offset to ensure the whole screen is filled
            Matrix4 projection(camera.GetProjection(false));
            Matrix3x4 nearTransform(light->GetDirLightTransform(camera, true));
            Matrix3x4 farTransform(light->GetDirLightTransform(camera, false));
            
            graphics_->SetAlphaTest(false);
            graphics_->SetColorWrite(false);
            graphics_->SetDepthWrite(false);
            graphics_->SetCullMode(CULL_NONE);
            
            // If the split begins at the near plane (first split), draw at split far plane, otherwise at near plane
            bool nearPlaneSplit = light->GetNearSplit() <= camera.GetNearClip();
            graphics_->SetDepthTest(nearPlaneSplit ? CMP_GREATER : CMP_LESS);
            graphics_->SetShaders(renderer_->stencilVS_, renderer_->stencilPS_);
            graphics_->SetShaderParameter(VSP_MODEL, nearPlaneSplit ? farTransform : nearTransform);
            graphics_->SetShaderParameter(VSP_VIEWPROJ, projection);
            graphics_->SetStencilTest(true, CMP_ALWAYS, OP_REF, OP_ZERO, OP_ZERO, 1);
            graphics_->ClearTransformSources();
            
            renderer_->dirLightGeometry_->Draw(graphics_);
            graphics_->SetColorWrite(true);
            graphics_->SetStencilTest(true, CMP_EQUAL, OP_KEEP, OP_KEEP, OP_KEEP, 1);
        }
        break;
    }
}

void View::DrawFullScreenQuad(Camera& camera, ShaderVariation* vs, ShaderVariation* ps, bool nearQuad, const HashMap<StringHash, Vector4>& shaderParameters)
{
    Light quadDirLight(context_);
    Matrix3x4 model(quadDirLight.GetDirLightTransform(camera, nearQuad));
    
    graphics_->SetCullMode(CULL_NONE);
    graphics_->SetShaders(vs, ps);
    graphics_->SetShaderParameter(VSP_MODEL, model);
    // Get projection without jitter offset to ensure the whole screen is filled
    graphics_->SetShaderParameter(VSP_VIEWPROJ, camera.GetProjection(false));
    graphics_->ClearTransformSources();
    
    // Set global shader parameters as needed
    for (HashMap<StringHash, Vector4>::ConstIterator i = shaderParameters.Begin(); i != shaderParameters.End(); ++i)
    {
        if (graphics_->NeedParameterUpdate(i->first_, &shaderParameters))
            graphics_->SetShaderParameter(i->first_, i->second_);
    }
    
    renderer_->dirLightGeometry_->Draw(graphics_);
}

void View::RenderBatchQueue(const BatchQueue& queue, bool useScissor, bool disableScissor)
{
    VertexBuffer* instancingBuffer = 0;
    if (renderer_->GetDynamicInstancing())
        instancingBuffer = renderer_->instancingBuffer_;
    
    if (disableScissor)
        graphics_->SetScissorTest(false);
    graphics_->SetStencilTest(false);
    
    // Priority instanced
    for (Map<BatchGroupKey, BatchGroup>::ConstIterator i = queue.priorityBatchGroups_.Begin(); i !=
        queue.priorityBatchGroups_.End(); ++i)
    {
        const BatchGroup& group = i->second_;
        group.Draw(graphics_, instancingBuffer, shaderParameters_);
    }
    // Priority non-instanced
    for (PODVector<Batch*>::ConstIterator i = queue.sortedPriorityBatches_.Begin(); i != queue.sortedPriorityBatches_.End(); ++i)
    {
        Batch* batch = *i;
        batch->Draw(graphics_, shaderParameters_);
    }
    
    // Non-priority instanced
    for (Map<BatchGroupKey, BatchGroup>::ConstIterator i = queue.batchGroups_.Begin(); i !=
        queue.batchGroups_.End(); ++i)
    {
        const BatchGroup& group = i->second_;
        if (useScissor && group.light_)
            OptimizeLightByScissor(group.light_);
        else
            graphics_->SetScissorTest(false);
        group.Draw(graphics_, instancingBuffer, shaderParameters_);
    }
    // Non-priority non-instanced
    for (PODVector<Batch*>::ConstIterator i = queue.sortedBatches_.Begin(); i != queue.sortedBatches_.End(); ++i)
    {
        Batch* batch = *i;
        // For the transparent queue, both priority and non-priority batches are copied here, so check the flag
        if (useScissor && batch->light_ && !batch->hasPriority_)
            OptimizeLightByScissor(batch->light_);
        else
            graphics_->SetScissorTest(false);
        batch->Draw(graphics_, shaderParameters_);
    }
}

void View::RenderForwardLightBatchQueue(const BatchQueue& queue, Light* light, bool firstSplit)
{
    VertexBuffer* instancingBuffer = 0;
    if (renderer_->GetDynamicInstancing())
        instancingBuffer = renderer_->instancingBuffer_;
    
    graphics_->SetScissorTest(false);
    graphics_->SetStencilTest(false);
    
    // Priority instanced
    for (Map<BatchGroupKey, BatchGroup>::ConstIterator i = queue.priorityBatchGroups_.Begin(); i !=
        queue.priorityBatchGroups_.End(); ++i)
    {
        const BatchGroup& group = i->second_;
        group.Draw(graphics_, instancingBuffer, shaderParameters_);
    }
    // Priority non-instanced
    for (PODVector<Batch*>::ConstIterator i = queue.sortedPriorityBatches_.Begin(); i != queue.sortedPriorityBatches_.End(); ++i)
    {
        Batch* batch = *i;
        batch->Draw(graphics_, shaderParameters_);
    }
    
    // All base passes have been drawn. Optimize at this point by both scissor and stencil
    if (light)
    {
        OptimizeLightByScissor(light);
        LightType type = light->GetLightType();
        if (type == LIGHT_SPLITPOINT || type == LIGHT_DIRECTIONAL)
            DrawSplitLightToStencil(*camera_, light, firstSplit);
    }
    
    // Non-priority instanced
    for (Map<BatchGroupKey, BatchGroup>::ConstIterator i = queue.batchGroups_.Begin(); i !=
        queue.batchGroups_.End(); ++i)
    {
        const BatchGroup& group = i->second_;
        group.Draw(graphics_, instancingBuffer, shaderParameters_);
    }
    // Non-priority non-instanced
    for (PODVector<Batch*>::ConstIterator i = queue.sortedBatches_.Begin(); i != queue.sortedBatches_.End(); ++i)
    {
        Batch* batch = *i;
        batch->Draw(graphics_, shaderParameters_);
    }
}

void View::RenderShadowMap(const LightBatchQueue& queue)
{
    PROFILE(RenderShadowMap);
    
    Texture2D* shadowMap = queue.light_->GetShadowMap();
    
    graphics_->SetColorWrite(false);
    graphics_->SetStencilTest(false);
    graphics_->SetTexture(TU_SHADOWMAP, 0);
    graphics_->SetRenderTarget(0, shadowMap->GetRenderSurface()->GetLinkedRenderTarget());
    graphics_->SetDepthStencil(shadowMap);
    graphics_->Clear(CLEAR_DEPTH);
    
    // Set shadow depth bias. Adjust according to the global shadow map resolution
    BiasParameters parameters = queue.light_->GetShadowBias();
    unsigned shadowMapSize = renderer_->GetShadowMapSize();
    if (shadowMapSize <= 512)
        parameters.constantBias_ *= 2.0f;
    else if (shadowMapSize >= 2048)
        parameters.constantBias_ *= 0.5f;
    graphics_->SetDepthBias(parameters.constantBias_, parameters.slopeScaledBias_);
    
    // Set a scissor rectangle to match possible shadow map size reduction by out-zooming
    // However, do not do this for point lights
    if (queue.light_->GetLightType() != LIGHT_SPLITPOINT)
    {
        float zoom = Min(queue.light_->GetShadowCamera()->GetZoom(),
            (float)(shadowMap->GetWidth() - 2) / (float)shadowMap->GetWidth());
        Rect zoomRect(Vector2(-1.0f, -1.0f) * zoom, Vector2(1.0f, 1.0f) * zoom);
        graphics_->SetScissorTest(true, zoomRect, false);
    }
    else
        graphics_->SetScissorTest(false);
    
    // Draw instanced and non-instanced shadow casters
    RenderBatchQueue(queue.shadowBatches_, false, false);
    
    graphics_->SetColorWrite(true);
    graphics_->SetDepthBias(0.0f, 0.0f);
}