urho3d/Source/Samples/18_CharacterDemo/CharacterDemo.cpp

// Copyright (c) 2008-2023 the Urho3D project
// License: MIT

#include <Urho3D/Core/CoreEvents.h>
#include <Urho3D/Core/ProcessUtils.h>
#include <Urho3D/Engine/Engine.h>
#include <Urho3D/Graphics/AnimatedModel.h>
#include <Urho3D/Graphics/AnimationController.h>
#include <Urho3D/Graphics/Camera.h>
#include <Urho3D/Graphics/Light.h>
#include <Urho3D/Graphics/Material.h>
#include <Urho3D/Graphics/Octree.h>
#include <Urho3D/Graphics/Renderer.h>
#include <Urho3D/Graphics/Zone.h>
#include <Urho3D/Input/Controls.h>
#include <Urho3D/Input/Input.h>
#include <Urho3D/IO/FileSystem.h>
#include <Urho3D/Physics/CollisionShape.h>
#include <Urho3D/Physics/PhysicsWorld.h>
#include <Urho3D/Physics/RigidBody.h>
#include <Urho3D/Resource/ResourceCache.h>
#include <Urho3D/Scene/Scene.h>
#include <Urho3D/UI/Font.h>
#include <Urho3D/UI/Text.h>
#include <Urho3D/UI/UI.h>

#include "Character.h"
#include "CharacterDemo.h"
#include "Touch.h"

#include <Urho3D/DebugNew.h>

URHO3D_DEFINE_APPLICATION_MAIN(CharacterDemo)

CharacterDemo::CharacterDemo(Context* context) :
    Sample(context),
    firstPerson_(false)
{
    // Register factory and attributes for the Character component so it can be created via CreateComponent, and loaded / saved
    Character::RegisterObject(context);
}

CharacterDemo::~CharacterDemo() = default;

void CharacterDemo::Start()
{
    // Execute base class startup
    Sample::Start();
    if (touchEnabled_)
        touch_ = new Touch(context_, TOUCH_SENSITIVITY);

    // Create static scene content
    CreateScene();

    // Create the controllable character
    CreateCharacter();

    // Create the UI content
    CreateInstructions();

    // Subscribe to necessary events
    SubscribeToEvents();

    // Set the mouse mode to use in the sample
    Sample::InitMouseMode(MM_RELATIVE);
}

void CharacterDemo::CreateScene()
{
    auto* cache = GetSubsystem<ResourceCache>();

    scene_ = new Scene(context_);

    // Create scene subsystem components
    scene_->CreateComponent<Octree>();
    scene_->CreateComponent<PhysicsWorld>();

    // Create camera and define viewport. We will be doing load / save, so it's convenient to create the camera outside the scene,
    // so that it won't be destroyed and recreated, and we don't have to redefine the viewport on load
    cameraNode_ = new Node(context_);
    auto* camera = cameraNode_->CreateComponent<Camera>();
    camera->SetFarClip(300.0f);
    GetSubsystem<Renderer>()->SetViewport(0, new Viewport(context_, scene_, camera));

    // Create static scene content. First create a zone for ambient lighting and fog control
    Node* zoneNode = scene_->CreateChild("Zone");
    auto* zone = zoneNode->CreateComponent<Zone>();
    zone->SetAmbientColor(Color(0.15f, 0.15f, 0.15f));
    zone->SetFogColor(Color(0.5f, 0.5f, 0.7f));
    zone->SetFogStart(100.0f);
    zone->SetFogEnd(300.0f);
    zone->SetBoundingBox(BoundingBox(-1000.0f, 1000.0f));

    // Create a directional light with cascaded shadow mapping
    Node* lightNode = scene_->CreateChild("DirectionalLight");
    lightNode->SetDirection(Vector3(0.3f, -0.5f, 0.425f));
    auto* light = lightNode->CreateComponent<Light>();
    light->SetLightType(LIGHT_DIRECTIONAL);
    light->SetCastShadows(true);
    light->SetShadowBias(BiasParameters(0.00025f, 0.5f));
    light->SetShadowCascade(CascadeParameters(10.0f, 50.0f, 200.0f, 0.0f, 0.8f));
    light->SetSpecularIntensity(0.5f);

    // Create the floor object
    Node* floorNode = scene_->CreateChild("Floor");
    floorNode->SetPosition(Vector3(0.0f, -0.5f, 0.0f));
    floorNode->SetScale(Vector3(200.0f, 1.0f, 200.0f));
    auto* object = floorNode->CreateComponent<StaticModel>();
    object->SetModel(cache->GetResource<Model>("Models/Box.mdl"));
    object->SetMaterial(cache->GetResource<Material>("Materials/Stone.xml"));

    auto* body = floorNode->CreateComponent<RigidBody>();
    // Use collision layer bit 2 to mark world scenery. This is what we will raycast against to prevent camera from going
    // inside geometry
    body->SetCollisionLayer(2);
    auto* shape = floorNode->CreateComponent<CollisionShape>();
    shape->SetBox(Vector3::ONE);

    // Create mushrooms of varying sizes
    const unsigned NUM_MUSHROOMS = 60;
    for (unsigned i = 0; i < NUM_MUSHROOMS; ++i)
    {
        Node* objectNode = scene_->CreateChild("Mushroom");
        objectNode->SetPosition(Vector3(Random(180.0f) - 90.0f, 0.0f, Random(180.0f) - 90.0f));
        objectNode->SetRotation(Quaternion(0.0f, Random(360.0f), 0.0f));
        objectNode->SetScale(2.0f + Random(5.0f));
        auto* object = objectNode->CreateComponent<StaticModel>();
        object->SetModel(cache->GetResource<Model>("Models/Mushroom.mdl"));
        object->SetMaterial(cache->GetResource<Material>("Materials/Mushroom.xml"));
        object->SetCastShadows(true);

        auto* body = objectNode->CreateComponent<RigidBody>();
        body->SetCollisionLayer(2);
        auto* shape = objectNode->CreateComponent<CollisionShape>();
        shape->SetTriangleMesh(object->GetModel(), 0);
    }

    // Create movable boxes. Let them fall from the sky at first
    const unsigned NUM_BOXES = 100;
    for (unsigned i = 0; i < NUM_BOXES; ++i)
    {
        float scale = Random(2.0f) + 0.5f;

        Node* objectNode = scene_->CreateChild("Box");
        objectNode->SetPosition(Vector3(Random(180.0f) - 90.0f, Random(10.0f) + 10.0f, Random(180.0f) - 90.0f));
        objectNode->SetRotation(Quaternion(Random(360.0f), Random(360.0f), Random(360.0f)));
        objectNode->SetScale(scale);
        auto* object = objectNode->CreateComponent<StaticModel>();
        object->SetModel(cache->GetResource<Model>("Models/Box.mdl"));
        object->SetMaterial(cache->GetResource<Material>("Materials/Stone.xml"));
        object->SetCastShadows(true);

        auto* body = objectNode->CreateComponent<RigidBody>();
        body->SetCollisionLayer(2);
        // Bigger boxes will be heavier and harder to move
        body->SetMass(scale * 2.0f);
        auto* shape = objectNode->CreateComponent<CollisionShape>();
        shape->SetBox(Vector3::ONE);
    }
}

void CharacterDemo::CreateCharacter()
{
    auto* cache = GetSubsystem<ResourceCache>();

    Node* objectNode = scene_->CreateChild("Jack");
    objectNode->SetPosition(Vector3(0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f));

    // spin node
    Node* adjustNode = objectNode->CreateChild("AdjNode");
    adjustNode->SetRotation( Quaternion(180, Vector3(0,1,0) ) );

    // Create the rendering component + animation controller
    auto* object = adjustNode->CreateComponent<AnimatedModel>();
    object->SetModel(cache->GetResource<Model>("Models/Mutant/Mutant.mdl"));
    object->SetMaterial(cache->GetResource<Material>("Models/Mutant/Materials/mutant_M.xml"));
    object->SetCastShadows(true);
    adjustNode->CreateComponent<AnimationController>();

    // Set the head bone for manual control
    object->GetSkeleton().GetBone("Mutant:Head")->animated_ = false;

    // Create rigidbody, and set non-zero mass so that the body becomes dynamic
    auto* body = objectNode->CreateComponent<RigidBody>();
    body->SetCollisionLayer(1);
    body->SetMass(1.0f);

    // Set zero angular factor so that physics doesn't turn the character on its own.
    // Instead we will control the character yaw manually
    body->SetAngularFactor(Vector3::ZERO);

    // Set the rigidbody to signal collision also when in rest, so that we get ground collisions properly
    body->SetCollisionEventMode(COLLISION_ALWAYS);

    // Set a capsule shape for collision
    auto* shape = objectNode->CreateComponent<CollisionShape>();
    shape->SetCapsule(0.7f, 1.8f, Vector3(0.0f, 0.9f, 0.0f));

    // Create the character logic component, which takes care of steering the rigidbody
    // Remember it so that we can set the controls. Use a WeakPtr because the scene hierarchy already owns it
    // and keeps it alive as long as it's not removed from the hierarchy
    character_ = objectNode->CreateComponent<Character>();
}

void CharacterDemo::CreateInstructions()
{
    auto* cache = GetSubsystem<ResourceCache>();
    auto* ui = GetSubsystem<UI>();

    // Construct new Text object, set string to display and font to use
    auto* instructionText = ui->GetRoot()->CreateChild<Text>();
    instructionText->SetText(
        "Use WASD keys and mouse/touch to move\n"
        "Space to jump, F to toggle 1st/3rd person\n"
        "F5 to save scene, F7 to load"
    );
    instructionText->SetFont(cache->GetResource<Font>("Fonts/Anonymous Pro.ttf"), 15);
    // The text has multiple rows. Center them in relation to each other
    instructionText->SetTextAlignment(HA_CENTER);

    // Position the text relative to the screen center
    instructionText->SetHorizontalAlignment(HA_CENTER);
    instructionText->SetVerticalAlignment(VA_CENTER);
    instructionText->SetPosition(0, ui->GetRoot()->GetHeight() / 4);
}

void CharacterDemo::SubscribeToEvents()
{
    // Subscribe to Update event for setting the character controls before physics simulation
    SubscribeToEvent(E_UPDATE, URHO3D_HANDLER(CharacterDemo, HandleUpdate));

    // Subscribe to PostUpdate event for updating the camera position after physics simulation
    SubscribeToEvent(E_POSTUPDATE, URHO3D_HANDLER(CharacterDemo, HandlePostUpdate));

    // Unsubscribe the SceneUpdate event from base class as the camera node is being controlled in HandlePostUpdate() in this sample
    UnsubscribeFromEvent(E_SCENEUPDATE);
}

void CharacterDemo::HandleUpdate(StringHash eventType, VariantMap& eventData)
{
    using namespace Update;

    auto* input = GetSubsystem<Input>();

    if (character_)
    {
        // Clear previous controls
        character_->controls_.Set(CTRL_FORWARD | CTRL_BACK | CTRL_LEFT | CTRL_RIGHT | CTRL_JUMP, false);

        // Update controls using touch utility class
        if (touch_)
            touch_->UpdateTouches(character_->controls_);

        // Update controls using keys
        auto* ui = GetSubsystem<UI>();
        if (!ui->GetFocusElement())
        {
            if (!touch_ || !touch_->useGyroscope_)
            {
                character_->controls_.Set(CTRL_FORWARD, input->GetKeyDown(KEY_W));
                character_->controls_.Set(CTRL_BACK, input->GetKeyDown(KEY_S));
                character_->controls_.Set(CTRL_LEFT, input->GetKeyDown(KEY_A));
                character_->controls_.Set(CTRL_RIGHT, input->GetKeyDown(KEY_D));
            }
            character_->controls_.Set(CTRL_JUMP, input->GetKeyDown(KEY_SPACE));

            // Add character yaw & pitch from the mouse motion or touch input
            if (touchEnabled_)
            {
                for (unsigned i = 0; i < input->GetNumTouches(); ++i)
                {
                    TouchState* state = input->GetTouch(i);
                    if (!state->touchedElement_)    // Touch on empty space
                    {
                        auto* camera = cameraNode_->GetComponent<Camera>();
                        if (!camera)
                            return;

                        auto* graphics = GetSubsystem<Graphics>();
                        character_->controls_.yaw_ += TOUCH_SENSITIVITY * camera->GetFov() / graphics->GetHeight() * state->delta_.x_;
                        character_->controls_.pitch_ += TOUCH_SENSITIVITY * camera->GetFov() / graphics->GetHeight() * state->delta_.y_;
                    }
                }
            }
            else
            {
                character_->controls_.yaw_ += (float)input->GetMouseMoveX() * YAW_SENSITIVITY;
                character_->controls_.pitch_ += (float)input->GetMouseMoveY() * YAW_SENSITIVITY;
            }
            // Limit pitch
            character_->controls_.pitch_ = Clamp(character_->controls_.pitch_, -80.0f, 80.0f);
            // Set rotation already here so that it's updated every rendering frame instead of every physics frame
            character_->GetNode()->SetRotation(Quaternion(character_->controls_.yaw_, Vector3::UP));

            // Switch between 1st and 3rd person
            if (input->GetKeyPress(KEY_F))
                firstPerson_ = !firstPerson_;

            // Turn on/off gyroscope on mobile platform
            if (touch_ && input->GetKeyPress(KEY_G))
                touch_->useGyroscope_ = !touch_->useGyroscope_;

            // Check for loading / saving the scene
            if (input->GetKeyPress(KEY_F5))
            {
                File saveFile(context_, GetSubsystem<FileSystem>()->GetProgramDir() + "Data/Scenes/CharacterDemo.xml", FILE_WRITE);
                scene_->SaveXML(saveFile);
            }
            if (input->GetKeyPress(KEY_F7))
            {
                File loadFile(context_, GetSubsystem<FileSystem>()->GetProgramDir() + "Data/Scenes/CharacterDemo.xml", FILE_READ);
                scene_->LoadXML(loadFile);
                // After loading we have to reacquire the weak pointer to the Character component, as it has been recreated
                // Simply find the character's scene node by name as there's only one of them
                Node* characterNode = scene_->GetChild("Jack", true);
                if (characterNode)
                    character_ = characterNode->GetComponent<Character>();
            }
        }
    }
}

void CharacterDemo::HandlePostUpdate(StringHash eventType, VariantMap& eventData)
{
    if (!character_)
        return;

    Node* characterNode = character_->GetNode();

    // Get camera lookat dir from character yaw + pitch
    const Quaternion& rot = characterNode->GetRotation();
    Quaternion dir = rot * Quaternion(character_->controls_.pitch_, Vector3::RIGHT);

    // Turn head to camera pitch, but limit to avoid unnatural animation
    Node* headNode = characterNode->GetChild("Mutant:Head", true);
    float limitPitch = Clamp(character_->controls_.pitch_, -45.0f, 45.0f);
    Quaternion headDir = rot * Quaternion(limitPitch, Vector3(1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f));
    // This could be expanded to look at an arbitrary target, now just look at a point in front
    Vector3 headWorldTarget = headNode->GetWorldPosition() + headDir * Vector3(0.0f, 0.0f, -1.0f);
    headNode->LookAt(headWorldTarget, Vector3(0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f));

    if (firstPerson_)
    {
        cameraNode_->SetPosition(headNode->GetWorldPosition() + rot * Vector3(0.0f, 0.15f, 0.2f));
        cameraNode_->SetRotation(dir);
    }
    else
    {
        // Third person camera: position behind the character
        Vector3 aimPoint = characterNode->GetPosition() + rot * Vector3(0.0f, 1.7f, 0.0f);

        // Collide camera ray with static physics objects (layer bitmask 2) to ensure we see the character properly
        Vector3 rayDir = dir * Vector3::BACK;
        float rayDistance = touch_ ? touch_->cameraDistance_ : CAMERA_INITIAL_DIST;
        PhysicsRaycastResult result;
        scene_->GetComponent<PhysicsWorld>()->RaycastSingle(result, Ray(aimPoint, rayDir), rayDistance, 2);
        if (result.body_)
            rayDistance = Min(rayDistance, result.distance_);
        rayDistance = Clamp(rayDistance, CAMERA_MIN_DIST, CAMERA_MAX_DIST);

        cameraNode_->SetPosition(aimPoint + rayDir * rayDistance);
        cameraNode_->SetRotation(dir);
    }
}