MonoGame.Samples/CatapultWars/Core/ScreenManager/ScreenManager.cs

//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
// ScreenManager.cs
//
// Microsoft XNA Community Game Platform
// Copyright (C) Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.
//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

using System;
using System.Diagnostics;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using Microsoft.Xna.Framework;
using Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Content;
using Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Graphics;
using Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Input.Touch;
using System.IO;
using System.IO.IsolatedStorage;

namespace CatapultGame
{
    /// <summary>
    /// The screen manager is a component which manages one or more GameScreen
    /// instances. It maintains a stack of screens, calls their Update and Draw
    /// methods at the appropriate times, and automatically routes input to the
    /// topmost active screen.
    /// </summary>
    public class ScreenManager : DrawableGameComponent
    {
        List<GameScreen> screens = new List<GameScreen>();
        List<GameScreen> screensToUpdate = new List<GameScreen>();

        InputState inputState = new InputState(BASE_BUFFER_WIDTH, BASE_BUFFER_HEIGHT);
        public InputState InputState => inputState;

        SpriteBatch spriteBatch;
        SpriteFont font;
        Texture2D blankTexture;

        bool isInitialized;

        bool traceEnabled;

        internal const int BASE_BUFFER_WIDTH = 800;
        internal const int BASE_BUFFER_HEIGHT = 480;

        private int backbufferWidth;
        /// <summary>Gets or sets the current backbuffer width.</summary>
        public int BackbufferWidth { get => backbufferWidth; set => backbufferWidth = value; }

        private int backbufferHeight;
        /// <summary>Gets or sets the current backbuffer height.</summary>
        public int BackbufferHeight { get => backbufferHeight; set => backbufferHeight = value; }

        private Vector2 baseScreenSize = new Vector2(BASE_BUFFER_WIDTH, BASE_BUFFER_HEIGHT);
        /// <summary>Gets or sets the base screen size used for scaling calculations.</summary>
        public Vector2 BaseScreenSize { get => baseScreenSize; set => baseScreenSize = value; }

        private Matrix globalTransformation;
        /// <summary>Gets or sets the global transformation matrix for scaling and positioning.</summary>
        public Matrix GlobalTransformation { get => globalTransformation; set => globalTransformation = value; }

        /// <summary>
        /// A default SpriteBatch shared by all the screens. This saves
        /// each screen having to bother creating their own local instance.
        /// </summary>
        public SpriteBatch SpriteBatch
        {
            get { return spriteBatch; }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// A default font shared by all the screens. This saves
        /// each screen having to bother loading their own local copy.
        /// </summary>
        public SpriteFont Font
        {
            get { return font; }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// If true, the manager prints out a list of all the screens
        /// each time it is updated. This can be useful for making sure
        /// everything is being added and removed at the right times.
        /// </summary>
        public bool TraceEnabled
        {
            get { return traceEnabled; }
            set { traceEnabled = value; }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Constructs a new screen manager component.
        /// </summary>
        public ScreenManager(Game game)
            : base(game)
        {
            // we must set EnabledGestures before we can query for them, but
            // we don't assume the game wants to read them.
            TouchPanel.EnabledGestures = GestureType.None;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Initializes the screen manager component.
        /// </summary>
        public override void Initialize()
        {
            base.Initialize();

            isInitialized = true;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Load your graphics content.
        /// </summary>
        protected override void LoadContent()
        {
            // Load content belonging to the screen manager.
            ContentManager content = Game.Content;

            spriteBatch = new SpriteBatch(GraphicsDevice);
            font = content.Load<SpriteFont>("Fonts/MenuFont");
            blankTexture = content.Load<Texture2D>("Textures/Backgrounds/blank");

            // Tell each of the screens to load their content.
            foreach (GameScreen screen in screens)
            {
                screen.LoadContent();
            }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Unload your graphics content.
        /// </summary>
        protected override void UnloadContent()
        {
            // Tell each of the screens to unload their content.
            foreach (GameScreen screen in screens)
            {
                screen.UnloadContent();
            }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Allows each screen to run logic.
        /// </summary>
        public override void Update(GameTime gameTime)
        {
            // Read the keyboard and gamepad.
            inputState.Update();

            // Make a copy of the master screen list, to avoid confusion if
            // the process of updating one screen adds or removes others.
            screensToUpdate.Clear();

            foreach (GameScreen screen in screens)
                screensToUpdate.Add(screen);

            bool otherScreenHasFocus = !Game.IsActive;
            bool coveredByOtherScreen = false;

            // Loop as long as there are screens waiting to be updated.
            while (screensToUpdate.Count > 0)
            {
                // Pop the topmost screen off the waiting list.
                GameScreen screen = screensToUpdate[screensToUpdate.Count - 1];

                screensToUpdate.RemoveAt(screensToUpdate.Count - 1);

                // Update the screen.
                screen.Update(gameTime, otherScreenHasFocus, coveredByOtherScreen);

                if (screen.ScreenState == ScreenState.TransitionOn ||
                    screen.ScreenState == ScreenState.Active)
                {
                    // If this is the first active screen we came across,
                    // give it a chance to handle input.
                    if (!otherScreenHasFocus)
                    {
                        screen.HandleInput(inputState);

                        otherScreenHasFocus = true;
                    }

                    // If this is an active non-popup, inform any subsequent
                    // screens that they are covered by it.
                    if (!screen.IsPopup)
                        coveredByOtherScreen = true;
                }
            }

            // Print debug trace?
            if (traceEnabled)
                TraceScreens();

        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Prints a list of all the screens, for debugging.
        /// </summary>
        void TraceScreens()
        {
            List<string> screenNames = new List<string>();

            foreach (GameScreen screen in screens)
                screenNames.Add(screen.GetType().Name);

            Console.WriteLine(string.Join(", ", screenNames.ToArray()));
        }

        int count = 0;
        /// <summary>
        /// Tells each screen to draw itself.
        /// </summary>
        public override void Draw(GameTime gameTime)
        {
            foreach (GameScreen screen in screens)
            {
                if (screen.ScreenState == ScreenState.Hidden)
                    continue;

                screen.Draw(gameTime);
            }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Adds a new screen to the screen manager.
        /// </summary>
        public void AddScreen(GameScreen screen, PlayerIndex? controllingPlayer)
        {
            screen.ControllingPlayer = controllingPlayer;
            screen.ScreenManager = this;
            screen.IsExiting = false;

            // If we have a graphics device, tell the screen to load content.
            if (isInitialized)
            {
                screen.LoadContent();
            }

            screens.Add(screen);

            // update the TouchPanel to respond to gestures this screen is interested in
            TouchPanel.EnabledGestures = screen.EnabledGestures;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Removes a screen from the screen manager. You should normally
        /// use GameScreen.ExitScreen instead of calling this directly, so
        /// the screen can gradually transition off rather than just being
        /// instantly removed.
        /// </summary>
        public void RemoveScreen(GameScreen screen)
        {
            // If we have a graphics device, tell the screen to unload content.
            if (isInitialized)
            {
                screen.UnloadContent();
            }

            screens.Remove(screen);
            screensToUpdate.Remove(screen);

            // if there is a screen still in the manager, update TouchPanel
            // to respond to gestures that screen is interested in.
            if (screens.Count > 0)
            {
                TouchPanel.EnabledGestures = screens[screens.Count - 1].EnabledGestures;
            }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Expose an array holding all the screens. We return a copy rather
        /// than the real master list, because screens should only ever be added
        /// or removed using the AddScreen and RemoveScreen methods.
        /// </summary>
        public GameScreen[] GetScreens()
        {
            return screens.ToArray();
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Helper draws a translucent black fullscreen sprite, used for fading
        /// screens in and out, and for darkening the background behind popups.
        /// </summary>
        public void FadeBackBufferToBlack(float alpha)
        {
            spriteBatch.Begin(SpriteSortMode.Deferred, null, null, null, null, null, GlobalTransformation);

            spriteBatch.Draw(blankTexture,
                             new Rectangle(0, 0, BASE_BUFFER_WIDTH, BASE_BUFFER_HEIGHT),
                             Color.Black * alpha);

            spriteBatch.End();
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Informs the screen manager to serialize its state to disk.
        /// </summary>
        public void SerializeState()
        {
            // open up isolated storage
            using (IsolatedStorageFile storage = IsolatedStorageFile.GetUserStoreForApplication())
            {
                // if our screen manager directory already exists, delete the contents
                if (storage.DirectoryExists("ScreenManager"))
                {
                    DeleteState(storage);
                }

                // otherwise just create the directory
                else
                {
                    storage.CreateDirectory("ScreenManager");
                }

                // create a file we'll use to store the list of screens in the stack
                using (IsolatedStorageFileStream stream = storage.CreateFile("ScreenManager\\ScreenList.dat"))
                {
                    using (BinaryWriter writer = new BinaryWriter(stream))
                    {
                        // write out the full name of all the types in our stack so we can
                        // recreate them if needed.
                        foreach (GameScreen screen in screens)
                        {
                            if (screen.IsSerializable)
                            {
                                writer.Write(screen.GetType().AssemblyQualifiedName);
                            }
                        }
                    }
                }

                // now we create a new file stream for each screen so it can save its state
                // if it needs to. we name each file "ScreenX.dat" where X is the index of
                // the screen in the stack, to ensure the files are uniquely named
                int screenIndex = 0;
                foreach (GameScreen screen in screens)
                {
                    if (screen.IsSerializable)
                    {
                        string fileName = string.Format("ScreenManager\\Screen{0}.dat", screenIndex);

                        // open up the stream and let the screen serialize whatever state it wants
                        using (IsolatedStorageFileStream stream = storage.CreateFile(fileName))
                        {
                            screen.Serialize(stream);
                        }

                        screenIndex++;
                    }
                }
            }
        }

        public bool DeserializeState()
        {
            // open up isolated storage
            using (IsolatedStorageFile storage = IsolatedStorageFile.GetUserStoreForApplication())
            {
                // see if our saved state directory exists
                if (storage.DirectoryExists("ScreenManager"))
                {
                    try
                    {
                        // see if we have a screen list
                        if (storage.FileExists("ScreenManager\\ScreenList.dat"))
                        {
                            // load the list of screen types
                            using (IsolatedStorageFileStream stream =
                                storage.OpenFile("ScreenManager\\ScreenList.dat", FileMode.Open, FileAccess.Read))
                            {
                                using (BinaryReader reader = new BinaryReader(stream))
                                {
                                    while (reader.BaseStream.Position < reader.BaseStream.Length)
                                    {
                                        // read a line from our file
                                        string line = reader.ReadString();

                                        // if it isn't blank, we can create a screen from it
                                        if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(line))
                                        {
                                            Type screenType = Type.GetType(line);
                                            GameScreen screen = Activator.CreateInstance(screenType) as GameScreen;
                                            AddScreen(screen, PlayerIndex.One);
                                        }
                                    }
                                }
                            }
                        }

                        // next we give each screen a chance to deserialize from the disk
                        for (int i = 0; i < screens.Count; i++)
                        {
                            string filename = string.Format("ScreenManager\\Screen{0}.dat", i);
                            using (IsolatedStorageFileStream stream =
                                storage.OpenFile(filename, FileMode.Open, FileAccess.Read))
                            {
                                screens[i].Deserialize(stream);
                            }
                        }

                        return true;
                    }
                    catch (Exception)
                    {
                        // if an exception was thrown while reading, odds are we cannot recover
                        // from the saved state, so we will delete it so the game can correctly
                        // launch.
                        DeleteState(storage);
                    }
                }
            }

            return false;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Deletes the saved state files from isolated storage.
        /// </summary>
        private void DeleteState(IsolatedStorageFile storage)
        {
            // get all of the files in the directory and delete them
            string[] files = storage.GetFileNames("ScreenManager\\*");
            foreach (string file in files)
            {
                storage.DeleteFile(Path.Combine("ScreenManager", file));
            }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Scales the game presentation area to match the screen's aspect ratio.
        /// </summary>
        public void ScalePresentationArea()
        {
            // Validate parameters before calculation
            if (GraphicsDevice == null || baseScreenSize.X <= 0 || baseScreenSize.Y <= 0)
            {
                throw new InvalidOperationException("Invalid graphics configuration");
            }

            // Fetch screen dimensions
            backbufferWidth = GraphicsDevice.PresentationParameters.BackBufferWidth;
            backbufferHeight = GraphicsDevice.PresentationParameters.BackBufferHeight;

            // Prevent division by zero
            if (backbufferHeight == 0 || baseScreenSize.Y == 0)
            {
                return;
            }

            // Calculate aspect ratios
            float baseAspectRatio = baseScreenSize.X / baseScreenSize.Y;
            float screenAspectRatio = backbufferWidth / (float)backbufferHeight;

            // Determine uniform scaling factor
            float scalingFactor;
            float horizontalOffset = 0;
            float verticalOffset = 0;

            if (screenAspectRatio > baseAspectRatio)
            {
                // Wider screen: scale by height
                scalingFactor = backbufferHeight / baseScreenSize.Y;

                // Centre things horizontally.
                horizontalOffset = (backbufferWidth - baseScreenSize.X * scalingFactor) / 2;
            }
            else
            {
                // Taller screen: scale by width
                scalingFactor = backbufferWidth / baseScreenSize.X;

                // Centre things vertically.
                verticalOffset = (backbufferHeight - baseScreenSize.Y * scalingFactor) / 2;
            }

            // Update the transformation matrix
            globalTransformation = Matrix.CreateScale(scalingFactor) *
                                   Matrix.CreateTranslation(horizontalOffset, verticalOffset, 0);

            // Update the inputTransformation with the Inverted globalTransformation
            inputState.UpdateInputTransformation(Matrix.Invert(globalTransformation));

            // Debug info
            Debug.WriteLine($"Screen Size - Width[{backbufferWidth}] Height[{backbufferHeight}] ScalingFactor[{scalingFactor}]");
        }
    }
}