using System.ComponentModel;
using System.Diagnostics;
namespace Terminal.Gui.ViewBase;
public partial class View // Drawing APIs
{
///
/// Draws a set of views.
///
/// The peer views to draw.
/// If , will be called on each view to force it to be drawn.
internal static void Draw (IEnumerable views, bool force)
{
// **Snapshot once** — every recursion level gets its own frozen array
View [] viewsArray = views.Snapshot ();
// The draw context is used to track the region drawn by each view.
DrawContext context = new DrawContext ();
foreach (View view in viewsArray)
{
if (force)
{
view.SetNeedsDraw ();
}
view.Draw (context);
}
// Draw the margins last to ensure they are drawn on top of the content.
Margin.DrawMargins (viewsArray);
// DrawMargins may have caused some views have NeedsDraw/NeedsSubViewDraw set; clear them all.
foreach (View view in viewsArray)
{
view.ClearNeedsDraw ();
}
// After all peer views have been drawn and cleared, we can now clear the SuperView's SubViewNeedsDraw flag.
// ClearNeedsDraw() does not clear SuperView.SubViewNeedsDraw (by design, to avoid premature clearing
// when siblings still need drawing), so we must do it here after ALL peers are processed.
// We only clear the flag if ALL the SuperView's subviews no longer need drawing.
View? lastSuperView = null;
foreach (View view in viewsArray)
{
if (view is not Adornment && view.SuperView is { } && view.SuperView != lastSuperView)
{
// Check if ANY subview of this SuperView still needs drawing
bool anySubViewNeedsDrawing = view.SuperView.InternalSubViews.Any (v => v.NeedsDraw || v.SubViewNeedsDraw);
if (!anySubViewNeedsDrawing)
{
view.SuperView.SubViewNeedsDraw = false;
}
lastSuperView = view.SuperView;
}
}
}
///
/// Draws the view if it needs to be drawn.
///
///
///
/// The view will only be drawn if it is visible, and has any of ,
/// ,
/// or set.
///
///
/// See the View Drawing Deep Dive for more information: .
///
///
public void Draw (DrawContext? context = null)
{
if (!CanBeVisible (this))
{
return;
}
Region? originalClip = GetClip ();
// TODO: This can be further optimized by checking NeedsDraw below and only
// TODO: clearing, drawing text, drawing content, etc. if it is true.
if (NeedsDraw || SubViewNeedsDraw)
{
// ------------------------------------
// Draw the Border and Padding.
// Note Margin with a Shadow is special-cased and drawn in a separate pass to support
// transparent shadows.
DoDrawAdornments (originalClip);
SetClip (originalClip);
// ------------------------------------
// Clear the Viewport
// By default, we clip to the viewport preventing drawing outside the viewport
// We also clip to the content, but if a developer wants to draw outside the viewport, they can do
// so via settings. SetClip honors the ViewportSettings.DisableVisibleContentClipping flag.
// Get our Viewport in screen coordinates
originalClip = AddViewportToClip ();
// If no context ...
context ??= new ();
SetAttributeForRole (Enabled ? VisualRole.Normal : VisualRole.Disabled);
DoClearViewport (context);
// ------------------------------------
// Draw the subviews first (order matters: SubViews, Text, Content)
if (SubViewNeedsDraw)
{
DoDrawSubViews (context);
}
// ------------------------------------
// Draw the text
SetAttributeForRole (Enabled ? VisualRole.Normal : VisualRole.Disabled);
DoDrawText (context);
// ------------------------------------
// Draw the content
DoDrawContent (context);
// ------------------------------------
// Draw the line canvas
// Restore the clip before rendering the line canvas and adornment subviews
// because they may draw outside the viewport.
SetClip (originalClip);
originalClip = AddFrameToClip ();
DoRenderLineCanvas ();
// ------------------------------------
// Re-draw the border and padding subviews
// HACK: This is a hack to ensure that the border and padding subviews are drawn after the line canvas.
DoDrawAdornmentsSubViews ();
// ------------------------------------
// Advance the diagnostics draw indicator
Border?.AdvanceDrawIndicator ();
ClearNeedsDraw ();
if (this is not Adornment && SuperView is not Adornment)
{
// Parent
Debug.Assert (Margin!.Parent == this);
Debug.Assert (Border!.Parent == this);
Debug.Assert (Padding!.Parent == this);
// SubViewNeedsDraw is set to false by ClearNeedsDraw.
Debug.Assert (SubViewNeedsDraw == false);
Debug.Assert (Margin!.SubViewNeedsDraw == false);
Debug.Assert (Border!.SubViewNeedsDraw == false);
Debug.Assert (Padding!.SubViewNeedsDraw == false);
// NeedsDraw is set to false by ClearNeedsDraw.
Debug.Assert (NeedsDraw == false);
Debug.Assert (Margin!.NeedsDraw == false);
Debug.Assert (Border!.NeedsDraw == false);
Debug.Assert (Padding!.NeedsDraw == false);
}
}
// ------------------------------------
// This causes the Margin to be drawn in a second pass if it has a ShadowStyle
Margin?.CacheClip ();
// ------------------------------------
// Reset the clip to what it was when we started
SetClip (originalClip);
// ------------------------------------
// We're done drawing - The Clip is reset to what it was before we started.
DoDrawComplete (context);
}
#region DrawAdornments
private void DoDrawAdornmentsSubViews ()
{
// NOTE: We do not support subviews of Margin?
if (Border?.SubViews is { } && Border.Thickness != Thickness.Empty && Border.NeedsDraw)
{
// PERFORMANCE: Get the check for DrawIndicator out of this somehow.
foreach (View subview in Border.SubViews.Where (v => v.Visible || v.Id == "DrawIndicator"))
{
if (subview.Id != "DrawIndicator")
{
subview.SetNeedsDraw ();
}
LineCanvas.Exclude (new (subview.FrameToScreen ()));
}
Region? saved = Border?.AddFrameToClip ();
Border?.DoDrawSubViews ();
SetClip (saved);
}
if (Padding?.SubViews is { } && Padding.Thickness != Thickness.Empty && Padding.NeedsDraw)
{
foreach (View subview in Padding.SubViews)
{
subview.SetNeedsDraw ();
}
Region? saved = Padding?.AddFrameToClip ();
Padding?.DoDrawSubViews ();
SetClip (saved);
}
}
internal void DoDrawAdornments (Region? originalClip)
{
if (this is Adornment)
{
AddFrameToClip ();
}
else
{
// Set the clip to be just the thicknesses of the adornments
// TODO: Put this union logic in a method on View?
Region? clipAdornments = Margin!.Thickness.AsRegion (Margin!.FrameToScreen ());
clipAdornments.Combine (Border!.Thickness.AsRegion (Border!.FrameToScreen ()), RegionOp.Union);
clipAdornments.Combine (Padding!.Thickness.AsRegion (Padding!.FrameToScreen ()), RegionOp.Union);
clipAdornments.Combine (originalClip, RegionOp.Intersect);
SetClip (clipAdornments);
}
if (Margin?.NeedsLayout == true)
{
Margin.NeedsLayout = false;
Margin?.Thickness.Draw (Driver, FrameToScreen ());
Margin?.Parent?.SetSubViewNeedsDrawDownHierarchy ();
}
if (SubViewNeedsDraw)
{
// A SubView may add to the LineCanvas. This ensures any Adornment LineCanvas updates happen.
Border?.SetNeedsDraw ();
Padding?.SetNeedsDraw ();
Margin?.SetNeedsDraw ();
}
if (OnDrawingAdornments ())
{
return;
}
// TODO: add event.
DrawAdornments ();
}
///
/// Causes , , and to be drawn.
///
///
///
/// is drawn in a separate pass if is set.
///
///
public void DrawAdornments ()
{
// We do not attempt to draw Margin. It is drawn in a separate pass.
// Each of these renders lines to this View's LineCanvas
// Those lines will be finally rendered in OnRenderLineCanvas
if (Border is { } && Border.Thickness != Thickness.Empty)
{
Border?.Draw ();
}
if (Padding is { } && Padding.Thickness != Thickness.Empty)
{
Padding?.Draw ();
}
if (Margin is { } && Margin.Thickness != Thickness.Empty/* && Margin.ShadowStyle == ShadowStyle.None*/)
{
//Margin?.Draw ();
}
}
private void ClearFrame ()
{
if (Driver is null)
{
return;
}
// Get screen-relative coords
Rectangle toClear = FrameToScreen ();
Attribute prev = SetAttribute (GetAttributeForRole (VisualRole.Normal));
Driver.FillRect (toClear);
SetAttribute (prev);
SetNeedsDraw ();
}
///
/// Called when the View's Adornments are to be drawn. Prepares . If
/// is true, only the
/// of this view's subviews will be rendered. If is
/// false (the default), this method will cause the be prepared to be rendered.
///
/// to stop further drawing of the Adornments.
protected virtual bool OnDrawingAdornments () { return false; }
#endregion DrawAdornments
#region ClearViewport
internal void DoClearViewport (DrawContext? context = null)
{
if (!NeedsDraw || ViewportSettings.HasFlag (ViewportSettingsFlags.Transparent) || OnClearingViewport ())
{
return;
}
var dev = new DrawEventArgs (Viewport, Rectangle.Empty, context);
ClearingViewport?.Invoke (this, dev);
if (dev.Cancel)
{
// BUGBUG: We should add the Viewport to context.DrawRegion here?
SetNeedsDraw ();
return;
}
if (!ViewportSettings.HasFlag (ViewportSettingsFlags.Transparent))
{
ClearViewport (context);
OnClearedViewport ();
ClearedViewport?.Invoke (this, new (Viewport, Viewport, null));
}
}
///
/// Called when the is to be cleared.
///
/// to stop further clearing.
protected virtual bool OnClearingViewport () { return false; }
/// Event invoked when the is to be cleared.
///
/// Will be invoked before any subviews added with have been drawn.
///
/// Rect provides the view-relative rectangle describing the currently visible viewport into the
/// .
///
///
public event EventHandler? ClearingViewport;
///
/// Called when the has been cleared
///
protected virtual void OnClearedViewport () { }
/// Event invoked when the has been cleared.
public event EventHandler? ClearedViewport;
/// Clears with the normal background.
///
///
/// If has only
/// the portion of the content
/// area that is visible within the will be cleared. This is useful for views that have
/// a
/// content area larger than the Viewport (e.g. when is
/// enabled) and want
/// the area outside the content to be visually distinct.
///
///
public void ClearViewport (DrawContext? context = null)
{
if (Driver is null)
{
return;
}
// Get screen-relative coords
Rectangle toClear = ViewportToScreen (Viewport with { Location = new (0, 0) });
if (ViewportSettings.HasFlag (ViewportSettingsFlags.ClearContentOnly))
{
Rectangle visibleContent = ViewportToScreen (new Rectangle (new (-Viewport.X, -Viewport.Y), GetContentSize ()));
toClear = Rectangle.Intersect (toClear, visibleContent);
}
Driver.FillRect (toClear);
// context.AddDrawnRectangle (toClear);
SetNeedsDraw ();
}
#endregion ClearViewport
#region DrawText
private void DoDrawText (DrawContext? context = null)
{
if (!NeedsDraw)
{
return;
}
if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty (TextFormatter.Text))
{
TextFormatter.NeedsFormat = true;
}
if (OnDrawingText (context))
{
return;
}
// TODO: Get rid of this vf in lieu of the one above
if (OnDrawingText ())
{
return;
}
var dev = new DrawEventArgs (Viewport, Rectangle.Empty, context);
DrawingText?.Invoke (this, dev);
if (dev.Cancel)
{
return;
}
DrawText (context);
OnDrewText ();
DrewText?.Invoke (this, EventArgs.Empty);
}
///
/// Called when the of the View is to be drawn.
///
/// The draw context to report drawn areas to.
/// to stop further drawing of .
protected virtual bool OnDrawingText (DrawContext? context) { return false; }
///
/// Called when the of the View is to be drawn.
///
/// to stop further drawing of .
protected virtual bool OnDrawingText () { return false; }
/// Raised when the of the View is to be drawn.
///
/// Set to to stop further drawing of
/// .
///
public event EventHandler? DrawingText;
///
/// Draws the of the View using the .
///
/// The draw context to report drawn areas to.
public void DrawText (DrawContext? context = null)
{
var drawRect = new Rectangle (ContentToScreen (Point.Empty), GetContentSize ());
// Use GetDrawRegion to get precise drawn areas
Region textRegion = TextFormatter.GetDrawRegion (drawRect);
// Report the drawn area to the context
context?.AddDrawnRegion (textRegion);
if (Driver is { })
{
TextFormatter.Draw (
Driver,
drawRect,
HasFocus ? GetAttributeForRole (VisualRole.Focus) : GetAttributeForRole (VisualRole.Normal),
HasFocus ? GetAttributeForRole (VisualRole.HotFocus) : GetAttributeForRole (VisualRole.HotNormal),
Rectangle.Empty);
}
// We assume that the text has been drawn over the entire area; ensure that the subviews are redrawn.
SetSubViewNeedsDrawDownHierarchy ();
}
///
/// Called when the of the View has been drawn.
///
protected virtual void OnDrewText () { }
/// Raised when the of the View has been drawn.
public event EventHandler? DrewText;
#endregion DrawText
#region DrawContent
private void DoDrawContent (DrawContext? context = null)
{
if (!NeedsDraw || OnDrawingContent (context))
{
return;
}
var dev = new DrawEventArgs (Viewport, Rectangle.Empty, context);
DrawingContent?.Invoke (this, dev);
if (dev.Cancel)
{
return;
}
// No default drawing; let event handlers or overrides handle it
}
///
/// Called when the View's content is to be drawn. The default implementation does nothing.
///
/// The draw context to report drawn areas to.
/// to stop further drawing content.
///
///
/// Override this method to draw custom content for your View.
///
///
/// Transparency Support: If your View has with
/// set, you should report the exact regions you draw to via the parameter. This allows
/// the transparency system to exclude only the drawn areas from the clip region, letting views beneath show through
/// in the areas you didn't draw.
///
///
/// Use for simple rectangular areas, or
/// for complex, non-rectangular shapes. All coordinates passed to these methods must be in screen-relative coordinates.
/// Use or to convert from
/// viewport-relative or content-relative coordinates.
///
///
/// Example of drawing custom content with transparency support:
///
///
/// protected override bool OnDrawingContent (DrawContext? context)
/// {
/// base.OnDrawingContent (context);
///
/// // Draw content in viewport-relative coordinates
/// Rectangle rect1 = new Rectangle (5, 5, 10, 3);
/// Rectangle rect2 = new Rectangle (8, 8, 4, 7);
/// FillRect (rect1, Glyphs.BlackCircle);
/// FillRect (rect2, Glyphs.BlackCircle);
///
/// // Report drawn region in screen-relative coordinates for transparency
/// if (ViewportSettings.HasFlag (ViewportSettingsFlags.Transparent))
/// {
/// Region drawnRegion = new Region (ViewportToScreen (rect1));
/// drawnRegion.Union (ViewportToScreen (rect2));
/// context?.AddDrawnRegion (drawnRegion);
/// }
///
/// return true;
/// }
///
///
protected virtual bool OnDrawingContent (DrawContext? context) { return false; }
/// Raised when the View's content is to be drawn.
///
///
/// Subscribe to this event to draw custom content for the View. Use the drawing methods available on
/// such as , , and .
///
///
/// The event is invoked after and have been drawn, but before any are drawn.
///
///
/// Transparency Support: If the View has with
/// set, use the to report which areas were actually drawn. This enables proper transparency
/// by excluding only the drawn areas from the clip region. See for details on reporting drawn regions.
///
///
/// The property provides the view-relative rectangle describing the currently visible viewport into the View.
///
///
public event EventHandler? DrawingContent;
#endregion DrawContent
#region DrawSubViews
private void DoDrawSubViews (DrawContext? context = null)
{
if (!NeedsDraw || OnDrawingSubViews (context))
{
return;
}
// TODO: Get rid of this vf in lieu of the one above
if (OnDrawingSubViews ())
{
return;
}
var dev = new DrawEventArgs (Viewport, Rectangle.Empty, context);
DrawingSubViews?.Invoke (this, dev);
if (dev.Cancel)
{
return;
}
if (!SubViewNeedsDraw)
{
return;
}
DrawSubViews (context);
}
///
/// Called when the are to be drawn.
///
/// The draw context to report drawn areas to, or null if not tracking.
/// to stop further drawing of .
protected virtual bool OnDrawingSubViews (DrawContext? context) { return false; }
///
/// Called when the are to be drawn.
///
/// to stop further drawing of .
protected virtual bool OnDrawingSubViews () { return false; }
/// Raised when the are to be drawn.
///
///
///
/// Set to to stop further drawing of
/// .
///
public event EventHandler? DrawingSubViews;
///
/// Draws the .
///
/// The draw context to report drawn areas to, or null if not tracking.
public void DrawSubViews (DrawContext? context = null)
{
if (InternalSubViews.Count == 0)
{
return;
}
// Draw the subviews in reverse order to leverage clipping.
foreach (View view in InternalSubViews.Snapshot ().Where (v => v.Visible).Reverse ())
{
// TODO: HACK - This forcing of SetNeedsDraw with SuperViewRendersLineCanvas enables auto line join to work, but is brute force.
if (view.SuperViewRendersLineCanvas || view.ViewportSettings.HasFlag (ViewportSettingsFlags.Transparent))
{
//view.SetNeedsDraw ();
}
view.Draw (context);
if (view.SuperViewRendersLineCanvas)
{
LineCanvas.Merge (view.LineCanvas);
view.LineCanvas.Clear ();
}
}
}
#endregion DrawSubViews
#region DrawLineCanvas
private void DoRenderLineCanvas ()
{
if (!NeedsDraw || OnRenderingLineCanvas ())
{
return;
}
// TODO: Add event
RenderLineCanvas ();
}
///
/// Called when the is to be rendered. See .
///
/// to stop further drawing of .
protected virtual bool OnRenderingLineCanvas () { return false; }
/// The canvas that any line drawing that is to be shared by subviews of this view should add lines to.
/// adds border lines to this LineCanvas.
public LineCanvas LineCanvas { get; } = new ();
///
/// Gets or sets whether this View will use it's SuperView's for rendering any
/// lines. If the rendering of any borders drawn by this Frame will be done by its parent's
/// SuperView. If (the default) this View's method will
/// be
/// called to render the borders.
///
public virtual bool SuperViewRendersLineCanvas { get; set; } = false;
///
/// Causes the contents of to be drawn.
/// If is true, only the
/// of this view's subviews will be rendered. If is
/// false (the default), this method will cause the to be rendered.
///
public void RenderLineCanvas ()
{
if (Driver is null)
{
return;
}
if (!SuperViewRendersLineCanvas && LineCanvas.Bounds != Rectangle.Empty)
{
foreach (KeyValuePair p in LineCanvas.GetCellMap ())
{
// Get the entire map
if (p.Value is { })
{
SetAttribute (p.Value.Value.Attribute ?? GetAttributeForRole (VisualRole.Normal));
Driver.Move (p.Key.X, p.Key.Y);
// TODO: #2616 - Support combining sequences that don't normalize
AddStr (p.Value.Value.Grapheme);
}
}
LineCanvas.Clear ();
}
}
#endregion DrawLineCanvas
#region DrawComplete
private void DoDrawComplete (DrawContext? context)
{
OnDrawComplete (context);
DrawComplete?.Invoke (this, new (Viewport, Viewport, context));
// Now, update the clip to exclude this view (not including Margin)
if (this is not Adornment)
{
if (ViewportSettings.HasFlag (ViewportSettingsFlags.Transparent))
{
// context!.DrawnRegion is the region that was drawn by this view. It may include regions outside
// the Viewport. We need to clip it to the Viewport.
context!.ClipDrawnRegion (ViewportToScreen (Viewport));
// Exclude the drawn region from the clip
ExcludeFromClip (context.GetDrawnRegion ());
// Exclude the Border and Padding from the clip
ExcludeFromClip (Border?.Thickness.AsRegion (Border.FrameToScreen ()));
ExcludeFromClip (Padding?.Thickness.AsRegion (Padding.FrameToScreen ()));
// QUESTION: This makes it so that no nesting of transparent views is possible, but is more correct?
context = new DrawContext ();
}
else
{
// Exclude this view (not including Margin) from the Clip
Rectangle borderFrame = FrameToScreen ();
if (Border is { })
{
borderFrame = Border.FrameToScreen ();
}
// In the non-transparent (typical case), we want to exclude the entire view area (borderFrame) from the clip
ExcludeFromClip (borderFrame);
// Update context.DrawnRegion to include the entire view (borderFrame), but clipped to our SuperView's viewport
// This enables the SuperView to know what was drawn by this view.
context?.AddDrawnRectangle (borderFrame);
}
}
// TODO: Determine if we need another event that conveys the FINAL DrawContext
}
///
/// Called when the View is completed drawing.
///
///
/// The parameter provides the drawn region of the View.
///
protected virtual void OnDrawComplete (DrawContext? context) { }
/// Raised when the View is completed drawing.
///
///
public event EventHandler? DrawComplete;
#endregion DrawComplete
}