gui-cs.Terminal.Gui/Terminal.Gui/View/Layout/PosDim.cs

//
// PosDim.cs: Pos and Dim objects for view dimensions.
//
// Authors:
//   Miguel de Icaza ([email protected])
//

using System;
namespace Terminal.Gui {
	/// <summary>
	/// Describes the position of a <see cref="View"/> which can be an absolute value, a percentage, centered, or 
	/// relative to the ending dimension. Integer values are implicitly convertible to
	/// an absolute <see cref="Pos"/>. These objects are created using the static methods Percent,
	/// AnchorEnd, and Center. The <see cref="Pos"/> objects can be combined with the addition and 
	/// subtraction operators.
	/// </summary>
	/// <remarks>
	///   <para>
	///     Use the <see cref="Pos"/> objects on the X or Y properties of a view to control the position.
	///   </para>
	///   <para>
	///     These can be used to set the absolute position, when merely assigning an
	///     integer value (via the implicit integer to <see cref="Pos"/> conversion), and they can be combined
	///     to produce more useful layouts, like: Pos.Center - 3, which would shift the position
	///     of the <see cref="View"/> 3 characters to the left after centering for example.
	///   </para>
	///   <para>
	///     It is possible to reference coordinates of another view by using the methods
	///     Left(View), Right(View), Bottom(View), Top(View). The X(View) and Y(View) are
	///     aliases to Left(View) and Top(View) respectively.
	///   </para>
	/// </remarks>
	public class Pos {
		internal virtual int Anchor (int width)
		{
			return 0;
		}

		// Helper class to provide dynamic value by the execution of a function that returns an integer.
		internal class PosFunc : Pos {
			Func<int> function;

			public PosFunc (Func<int> n)
			{
				this.function = n;
			}

			internal override int Anchor (int width)
			{
				return function ();
			}

			public override string ToString ()
			{
				return $"PosFunc({function ()})";
			}

			public override int GetHashCode () => function.GetHashCode ();

			public override bool Equals (object other) => other is PosFunc f && f.function () == function ();
		}

		/// <summary>
		/// Creates a "PosFunc" from the specified function.
		/// </summary>
		/// <param name="function">The function to be executed.</param>
		/// <returns>The <see cref="Pos"/> returned from the function.</returns>
		public static Pos Function (Func<int> function)
		{
			return new PosFunc (function);
		}

		internal class PosFactor : Pos {
			float factor;

			public PosFactor (float n)
			{
				this.factor = n;
			}

			internal override int Anchor (int width)
			{
				return (int)(width * factor);
			}

			public override string ToString ()
			{
				return $"Factor({factor})";
			}

			public override int GetHashCode () => factor.GetHashCode ();

			public override bool Equals (object other) => other is PosFactor f && f.factor == factor;
		}

		/// <summary>
		/// Creates a percentage <see cref="Pos"/> object
		/// </summary>
		/// <returns>The percent <see cref="Pos"/> object.</returns>
		/// <param name="n">A value between 0 and 100 representing the percentage.</param>
		/// <example>
		/// This creates a <see cref="TextField"/>that is centered horizontally, is 50% of the way down, 
		/// is 30% the height, and is 80% the width of the <see cref="View"/> it added to.
		/// <code>
		/// var textView = new TextView () {
		///	X = Pos.Center (),
		///	Y = Pos.Percent (50),
		///	Width = Dim.Percent (80),
		/// 	Height = Dim.Percent (30),
		/// };
		/// </code>
		/// </example>
		public static Pos Percent (float n)
		{
			if (n < 0 || n > 100)
				throw new ArgumentException ("Percent value must be between 0 and 100");

			return new PosFactor (n / 100);
		}

		static PosAnchorEnd endNoMargin;

		internal class PosAnchorEnd : Pos {
			int n;

			public PosAnchorEnd (int n)
			{
				this.n = n;
			}

			internal override int Anchor (int width)
			{
				return width - n;
			}

			public override string ToString ()
			{
				return $"AnchorEnd({n})";
			}
		}

		/// <summary>
		/// Creates a <see cref="Pos"/> object that is anchored to the end (right side or bottom) of the dimension, 
		/// useful to flush the layout from the right or bottom.
		/// </summary>
		/// <returns>The <see cref="Pos"/> object anchored to the end (the bottom or the right side).</returns>
		/// <param name="margin">Optional margin to place to the right or below.</param>
		/// <example>
		/// This sample shows how align a <see cref="Button"/> to the bottom-right of a <see cref="View"/>.
		/// <code>
		/// // See Issue #502 
		/// anchorButton.X = Pos.AnchorEnd () - (Pos.Right (anchorButton) - Pos.Left (anchorButton));
		/// anchorButton.Y = Pos.AnchorEnd (1);
		/// </code>
		/// </example>
		public static Pos AnchorEnd (int margin = 0)
		{
			if (margin < 0)
				throw new ArgumentException ("Margin must be positive");

			if (margin == 0) {
				if (endNoMargin == null)
					endNoMargin = new PosAnchorEnd (0);
				return endNoMargin;
			}
			return new PosAnchorEnd (margin);
		}

		internal class PosCenter : Pos {
			internal override int Anchor (int width)
			{
				return width / 2;
			}

			public override string ToString ()
			{
				return "Center";
			}
		}

		static PosCenter pCenter;

		/// <summary>
		/// Returns a <see cref="Pos"/> object that can be used to center the <see cref="View"/>
		/// </summary>
		/// <returns>The center Pos.</returns>
		/// <example>
		/// This creates a <see cref="TextField"/>that is centered horizontally, is 50% of the way down, 
		/// is 30% the height, and is 80% the width of the <see cref="View"/> it added to.
		/// <code>
		/// var textView = new TextView () {
		///	X = Pos.Center (),
		///	Y = Pos.Percent (50),
		///	Width = Dim.Percent (80),
		/// 	Height = Dim.Percent (30),
		/// };
		/// </code>
		/// </example>
		public static Pos Center ()
		{
			if (pCenter == null)
				pCenter = new PosCenter ();
			return pCenter;
		}

		internal class PosAbsolute : Pos {
			int n;
			public PosAbsolute (int n) { this.n = n; }

			public override string ToString ()
			{
				return $"Absolute({n})";
			}

			internal override int Anchor (int width)
			{
				return n;
			}

			public override int GetHashCode () => n.GetHashCode ();

			public override bool Equals (object other) => other is PosAbsolute abs && abs.n == n;
		}

		/// <summary>
		/// Creates an Absolute <see cref="Pos"/> from the specified integer value.
		/// </summary>
		/// <returns>The Absolute <see cref="Pos"/>.</returns>
		/// <param name="n">The value to convert to the <see cref="Pos"/> .</param>
		public static implicit operator Pos (int n)
		{
			return new PosAbsolute (n);
		}

		/// <summary>
		/// Creates an Absolute <see cref="Pos"/> from the specified integer value.
		/// </summary>
		/// <returns>The Absolute <see cref="Pos"/>.</returns>
		/// <param name="n">The value to convert to the <see cref="Pos"/>.</param>
		public static Pos At (int n)
		{
			return new PosAbsolute (n);
		}

		internal class PosCombine : Pos {
			internal Pos left, right;
			internal bool add;
			public PosCombine (bool add, Pos left, Pos right)
			{
				this.left = left;
				this.right = right;
				this.add = add;
			}

			internal override int Anchor (int width)
			{
				var la = left.Anchor (width);
				var ra = right.Anchor (width);
				if (add)
					return la + ra;
				else
					return la - ra;
			}

			public override string ToString ()
			{
				return $"Combine({left}{(add ? '+' : '-')}{right})";
			}

		}

		static PosCombine posCombine;

		/// <summary>
		/// Adds a <see cref="Terminal.Gui.Pos"/> to a <see cref="Terminal.Gui.Pos"/>, yielding a new <see cref="Pos"/>.
		/// </summary>
		/// <param name="left">The first <see cref="Terminal.Gui.Pos"/> to add.</param>
		/// <param name="right">The second <see cref="Terminal.Gui.Pos"/> to add.</param>
		/// <returns>The <see cref="Pos"/> that is the sum of the values of <c>left</c> and <c>right</c>.</returns>
		public static Pos operator + (Pos left, Pos right)
		{
			if (left is PosAbsolute && right is PosAbsolute) {
				posCombine = null;
				return new PosAbsolute (left.Anchor (0) + right.Anchor (0));
			}
			PosCombine newPos = new PosCombine (true, left, right);
			SetPosCombine (left, newPos);
			return posCombine = newPos;
		}

		/// <summary>
		/// Subtracts a <see cref="Terminal.Gui.Pos"/> from a <see cref="Terminal.Gui.Pos"/>, yielding a new <see cref="Pos"/>.
		/// </summary>
		/// <param name="left">The <see cref="Terminal.Gui.Pos"/> to subtract from (the minuend).</param>
		/// <param name="right">The <see cref="Terminal.Gui.Pos"/> to subtract (the subtrahend).</param>
		/// <returns>The <see cref="Pos"/> that is the <c>left</c> minus <c>right</c>.</returns>
		public static Pos operator - (Pos left, Pos right)
		{
			if (left is PosAbsolute && right is PosAbsolute) {
				posCombine = null;
				return new PosAbsolute (left.Anchor (0) - right.Anchor (0));
			}
			PosCombine newPos = new PosCombine (false, left, right);
			SetPosCombine (left, newPos);
			return posCombine = newPos;
		}

		static void SetPosCombine (Pos left, PosCombine newPos)
		{
			if (posCombine?.ToString () != newPos.ToString ()) {
				var view = left as PosView;
				if (view != null) {
					view.Target.SetNeedsLayout ();
				}
			}
		}

		internal class PosView : Pos {
			public View Target;
			int side;
			public PosView (View view, int side)
			{
				Target = view;
				this.side = side;
			}
			internal override int Anchor (int width)
			{
				switch (side) {
				case 0: return Target.Frame.X;
				case 1: return Target.Frame.Y;
				case 2: return Target.Frame.Right;
				case 3: return Target.Frame.Bottom;
				default:
					return 0;
				}
			}

			public override string ToString ()
			{
				string tside;
				switch (side) {
				case 0: tside = "x"; break;
				case 1: tside = "y"; break;
				case 2: tside = "right"; break;
				case 3: tside = "bottom"; break;
				default: tside = "unknown"; break;
				}
				// Note: We do not checkt `Target` for null here to intentionally throw if so
				return $"View({tside},{Target.ToString ()})";
			}

			public override int GetHashCode () => Target.GetHashCode ();

			public override bool Equals (object other) => other is PosView abs && abs.Target == Target;
		}

		/// <summary>
		/// Returns a <see cref="Pos"/> object tracks the Left (X) position of the specified <see cref="View"/>.
		/// </summary>
		/// <returns>The <see cref="Pos"/> that depends on the other view.</returns>
		/// <param name="view">The <see cref="View"/>  that will be tracked.</param>
		public static Pos Left (View view) => new PosCombine (true, new PosView (view, 0), new Pos.PosAbsolute (0));

		/// <summary>
		/// Returns a <see cref="Pos"/> object tracks the Left (X) position of the specified <see cref="View"/>.
		/// </summary>
		/// <returns>The <see cref="Pos"/> that depends on the other view.</returns>
		/// <param name="view">The <see cref="View"/>  that will be tracked.</param>
		public static Pos X (View view) => new PosCombine (true, new PosView (view, 0), new Pos.PosAbsolute (0));

		/// <summary>
		/// Returns a <see cref="Pos"/> object tracks the Top (Y) position of the specified <see cref="View"/>.
		/// </summary>
		/// <returns>The <see cref="Pos"/> that depends on the other view.</returns>
		/// <param name="view">The <see cref="View"/>  that will be tracked.</param>
		public static Pos Top (View view) => new PosCombine (true, new PosView (view, 1), new Pos.PosAbsolute (0));

		/// <summary>
		/// Returns a <see cref="Pos"/> object tracks the Top (Y) position of the specified <see cref="View"/>.
		/// </summary>
		/// <returns>The <see cref="Pos"/> that depends on the other view.</returns>
		/// <param name="view">The <see cref="View"/>  that will be tracked.</param>
		public static Pos Y (View view) => new PosCombine (true, new PosView (view, 1), new Pos.PosAbsolute (0));

		/// <summary>
		/// Returns a <see cref="Pos"/> object tracks the Right (X+Width) coordinate of the specified <see cref="View"/>.
		/// </summary>
		/// <returns>The <see cref="Pos"/> that depends on the other view.</returns>
		/// <param name="view">The <see cref="View"/>  that will be tracked.</param>
		public static Pos Right (View view) => new PosCombine (true, new PosView (view, 2), new Pos.PosAbsolute (0));

		/// <summary>
		/// Returns a <see cref="Pos"/> object tracks the Bottom (Y+Height) coordinate of the specified <see cref="View"/> 
		/// </summary>
		/// <returns>The <see cref="Pos"/> that depends on the other view.</returns>
		/// <param name="view">The <see cref="View"/>  that will be tracked.</param>
		public static Pos Bottom (View view) => new PosCombine (true, new PosView (view, 3), new Pos.PosAbsolute (0));

		/// <summary>Serves as the default hash function. </summary>
		/// <returns>A hash code for the current object.</returns>
		public override int GetHashCode () => Anchor (0).GetHashCode ();

		/// <summary>Determines whether the specified object is equal to the current object.</summary>
		/// <param name="other">The object to compare with the current object. </param>
		/// <returns>
		///     <see langword="true" /> if the specified object  is equal to the current object; otherwise, <see langword="false" />.</returns>
		public override bool Equals (object other) => other is Pos abs && abs == this;
	}

	/// <summary>
	/// Dim properties of a <see cref="View"/> to control the position.
	/// </summary>
	/// <remarks>
	///   <para>
	///     Use the Dim objects on the Width or Height properties of a <see cref="View"/> to control the position.
	///   </para>
	///   <para>
	///     These can be used to set the absolute position, when merely assigning an
	///     integer value (via the implicit integer to Pos conversion), and they can be combined
	///     to produce more useful layouts, like: Pos.Center - 3, which would shift the position
	///     of the <see cref="View"/> 3 characters to the left after centering for example.
	///   </para>
	/// </remarks>
	public class Dim {
		internal virtual int Anchor (int width)
		{
			return 0;
		}

		// Helper class to provide dynamic value by the execution of a function that returns an integer.
		internal class DimFunc : Dim {
			Func<int> function;

			public DimFunc (Func<int> n)
			{
				this.function = n;
			}

			internal override int Anchor (int width)
			{
				return function ();
			}

			public override string ToString ()
			{
				return $"DimFunc({function ()})";
			}

			public override int GetHashCode () => function.GetHashCode ();

			public override bool Equals (object other) => other is DimFunc f && f.function () == function ();
		}

		/// <summary>
		/// Creates a "DimFunc" from the specified function.
		/// </summary>
		/// <param name="function">The function to be executed.</param>
		/// <returns>The <see cref="Dim"/> returned from the function.</returns>
		public static Dim Function (Func<int> function)
		{
			return new DimFunc (function);
		}

		internal class DimFactor : Dim {
			float factor;
			bool remaining;

			public DimFactor (float n, bool r = false)
			{
				factor = n;
				remaining = r;
			}

			internal override int Anchor (int width)
			{
				return (int)(width * factor);
			}

			public bool IsFromRemaining ()
			{
				return remaining;
			}

			public override string ToString ()
			{
				return $"Factor({factor},{remaining})";
			}

			public override int GetHashCode () => factor.GetHashCode ();

			public override bool Equals (object other) => other is DimFactor f && f.factor == factor && f.remaining == remaining;
		}

		/// <summary>
		/// Creates a percentage <see cref="Dim"/> object
		/// </summary>
		/// <returns>The percent <see cref="Dim"/> object.</returns>
		/// <param name="n">A value between 0 and 100 representing the percentage.</param>
		/// <param name="r">If <c>true</c> the Percent is computed based on the remaining space after the X/Y anchor positions. If <c>false</c> is computed based on the whole original space.</param>
		/// <example>
		/// This initializes a <see cref="TextField"/>that is centered horizontally, is 50% of the way down, 
		/// is 30% the height, and is 80% the width of the <see cref="View"/> it added to.
		/// <code>
		/// var textView = new TextView () {
		///	X = Pos.Center (),
		///	Y = Pos.Percent (50),
		///	Width = Dim.Percent (80),
		/// 	Height = Dim.Percent (30),
		/// };
		/// </code>
		/// </example>
		public static Dim Percent (float n, bool r = false)
		{
			if (n < 0 || n > 100)
				throw new ArgumentException ("Percent value must be between 0 and 100");

			return new DimFactor (n / 100, r);
		}

		internal class DimAbsolute : Dim {
			int n;
			public DimAbsolute (int n) { this.n = n; }

			public override string ToString ()
			{
				return $"Absolute({n})";
			}

			internal override int Anchor (int width)
			{
				return n;
			}

			public override int GetHashCode () => n.GetHashCode ();

			public override bool Equals (object other) => other is DimAbsolute abs && abs.n == n;
		}

		internal class DimFill : Dim {
			int margin;
			public DimFill (int margin) { this.margin = margin; }

			public override string ToString ()
			{
				return $"Fill({margin})";
			}

			internal override int Anchor (int width)
			{
				return width - margin;
			}

			public override int GetHashCode () => margin.GetHashCode ();

			public override bool Equals (object other) => other is DimFill fill && fill.margin == margin;
		}

		static DimFill zeroMargin;

		/// <summary>
		/// Initializes a new instance of the <see cref="Dim"/> class that fills the dimension, but leaves the specified number of colums for a margin.
		/// </summary>
		/// <returns>The Fill dimension.</returns>
		/// <param name="margin">Margin to use.</param>
		public static Dim Fill (int margin = 0)
		{
			if (margin == 0) {
				if (zeroMargin == null)
					zeroMargin = new DimFill (0);
				return zeroMargin;
			}
			return new DimFill (margin);
		}

		/// <summary>
		/// Creates an Absolute <see cref="Dim"/> from the specified integer value.
		/// </summary>
		/// <returns>The Absolute <see cref="Dim"/>.</returns>
		/// <param name="n">The value to convert to the pos.</param>
		public static implicit operator Dim (int n)
		{
			return new DimAbsolute (n);
		}

		/// <summary>
		/// Creates an Absolute <see cref="Dim"/> from the specified integer value.
		/// </summary>
		/// <returns>The Absolute <see cref="Dim"/>.</returns>
		/// <param name="n">The value to convert to the <see cref="Dim"/>.</param>
		public static Dim Sized (int n)
		{
			return new DimAbsolute (n);
		}

		internal class DimCombine : Dim {
			internal Dim left, right;
			internal bool add;
			public DimCombine (bool add, Dim left, Dim right)
			{
				this.left = left;
				this.right = right;
				this.add = add;
			}

			internal override int Anchor (int width)
			{
				var la = left.Anchor (width);
				var ra = right.Anchor (width);
				if (add)
					return la + ra;
				else
					return la - ra;
			}

			public override string ToString ()
			{
				return $"Combine({left}{(add ? '+' : '-')}{right})";
			}

		}

		static DimCombine dimCombine;

		/// <summary>
		/// Adds a <see cref="Terminal.Gui.Dim"/> to a <see cref="Terminal.Gui.Dim"/>, yielding a new <see cref="Dim"/>.
		/// </summary>
		/// <param name="left">The first <see cref="Terminal.Gui.Dim"/> to add.</param>
		/// <param name="right">The second <see cref="Terminal.Gui.Dim"/> to add.</param>
		/// <returns>The <see cref="Dim"/> that is the sum of the values of <c>left</c> and <c>right</c>.</returns>
		public static Dim operator + (Dim left, Dim right)
		{
			if (left is DimAbsolute && right is DimAbsolute) {
				dimCombine = null;
				return new DimAbsolute (left.Anchor (0) + right.Anchor (0));
			}
			DimCombine newDim = new DimCombine (true, left, right);
			SetDimCombine (left, newDim);
			return dimCombine = newDim;
		}

		/// <summary>
		/// Subtracts a <see cref="Terminal.Gui.Dim"/> from a <see cref="Terminal.Gui.Dim"/>, yielding a new <see cref="Dim"/>.
		/// </summary>
		/// <param name="left">The <see cref="Terminal.Gui.Dim"/> to subtract from (the minuend).</param>
		/// <param name="right">The <see cref="Terminal.Gui.Dim"/> to subtract (the subtrahend).</param>
		/// <returns>The <see cref="Dim"/> that is the <c>left</c> minus <c>right</c>.</returns>
		public static Dim operator - (Dim left, Dim right)
		{
			if (left is DimAbsolute && right is DimAbsolute) {
				dimCombine = null;
				return new DimAbsolute (left.Anchor (0) - right.Anchor (0));
			}
			DimCombine newDim = new DimCombine (false, left, right);
			SetDimCombine (left, newDim);
			return dimCombine = newDim;
		}

		static void SetDimCombine (Dim left, DimCombine newPos)
		{
			if (dimCombine?.ToString () != newPos.ToString ()) {
				var view = left as DimView;
				if (view != null) {
					view.Target.SetNeedsLayout ();
				}
			}
		}

		internal class DimView : Dim {
			public View Target;
			int side;
			public DimView (View view, int side)
			{
				Target = view;
				this.side = side;
			}

			internal override int Anchor (int width)
			{
				switch (side) {
				case 0: return Target.Frame.Height;
				case 1: return Target.Frame.Width;
				default:
					return 0;
				}
			}

			public override string ToString ()
			{
				string tside;
				switch (side) {
				case 0: tside = "Height"; break;
				case 1: tside = "Width"; break;
				default: tside = "unknown"; break;
				}
				return $"View({tside},{Target.ToString ()})";
			}

			public override int GetHashCode () => Target.GetHashCode ();

			public override bool Equals (object other) => other is DimView abs && abs.Target == Target;
		}
		/// <summary>
		/// Returns a <see cref="Dim"/> object tracks the Width of the specified <see cref="View"/>.
		/// </summary>
		/// <returns>The <see cref="Dim"/> of the other <see cref="View"/>.</returns>
		/// <param name="view">The view that will be tracked.</param>
		public static Dim Width (View view) => new DimView (view, 1);

		/// <summary>
		/// Returns a <see cref="Dim"/> object tracks the Height of the specified <see cref="View"/>.
		/// </summary>
		/// <returns>The <see cref="Dim"/> of the other <see cref="View"/>.</returns>
		/// <param name="view">The view that will be tracked.</param>
		public static Dim Height (View view) => new DimView (view, 0);

		/// <summary>Serves as the default hash function. </summary>
		/// <returns>A hash code for the current object.</returns>
		public override int GetHashCode () => Anchor (0).GetHashCode ();

		/// <summary>Determines whether the specified object is equal to the current object.</summary>
		/// <param name="other">The object to compare with the current object. </param>
		/// <returns>
		///     <see langword="true" /> if the specified object  is equal to the current object; otherwise, <see langword="false" />.</returns>
		public override bool Equals (object other) => other is Dim abs && abs == this;
	}
}