Testing more common scripts

angular
backbone
jQuery
mootools
underscore
JSXTransformer

Jint.Tests/Jint.Tests.csproj

@@ -79,6 +79,21 @@
       <Name>Jint</Name>
     </ProjectReference>
   </ItemGroup>
+  <ItemGroup>
+    <EmbeddedResource Include="Parser\Scripts\underscore.js" />
+  </ItemGroup>
+  <ItemGroup>
+    <EmbeddedResource Include="Parser\Scripts\mootools.js" />
+  </ItemGroup>
+  <ItemGroup>
+    <EmbeddedResource Include="Parser\Scripts\angular.js" />
+  </ItemGroup>
+  <ItemGroup>
+    <EmbeddedResource Include="Parser\Scripts\backbone.js" />
+  </ItemGroup>
+  <ItemGroup>
+    <EmbeddedResource Include="Parser\Scripts\JSXTransformer.js" />
+  </ItemGroup>
   <Import Project="$(MSBuildToolsPath)\Microsoft.CSharp.targets" />
   <Import Project="$(SolutionDir)\.nuget\NuGet.targets" Condition="Exists('$(SolutionDir)\.nuget\NuGet.targets')" />
   <!-- To modify your build process, add your task inside one of the targets below and uncomment it. 

Jint.Tests/Parser/JavascriptParserTests.cs

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 using System;
+using System.Diagnostics;
 using System.IO;
 using System.Linq;
 using System.Reflection;
@@ -14,13 +15,19 @@ namespace Jint.Tests.Parser
         private readonly JavaScriptParser _parser = new JavaScriptParser();
 
         [Theory]
-        [InlineData("jQuery.js")]
-        public void ShouldParseScriptFile(string file)
+        [InlineData("jQuery.js", "1.9.1")]
+        [InlineData("underscore.js", "1.5.2")]
+        [InlineData("backbone.js", "1.1.0")]
+        [InlineData("mootools.js", "1.4.5")]
+        [InlineData("angular.js", "1.2.5")]
+        [InlineData("JSXTransformer.js", "0.10.0")]
+        public void ShouldParseScriptFile(string file, string version)
         {
             const string prefix = "Jint.Tests.Parser.Scripts.";
 
             var assembly = Assembly.GetExecutingAssembly();
             var scriptPath = prefix + file;
+            var sw = new Stopwatch();
 
             using (var stream = assembly.GetManifestResourceStream(scriptPath))
             {
@@ -29,8 +36,10 @@ namespace Jint.Tests.Parser
                     using (var sr = new StreamReader(stream))
                     {
                         var source = sr.ReadToEnd();
+                        sw.Restart();
                         var parser = new JavaScriptParser();
                         var program = parser.Parse(source);
+                        Console.WriteLine("Parsed {0} {1} ({3} KB) in {2} ms", file, version, sw.ElapsedMilliseconds, (int)source.Length/1024);
                         Assert.NotNull(program);
                     }
                 }

Jint.Tests/Parser/Scripts/angular.js

@@ -0,0 +1,20369 @@
+/**
+ * @license AngularJS v1.2.5
+ * (c) 2010-2014 Google, Inc. http://angularjs.org
+ * License: MIT
+ */
+(function(window, document, undefined) {'use strict';
+
+/**
+ * @description
+ *
+ * This object provides a utility for producing rich Error messages within
+ * Angular. It can be called as follows:
+ *
+ * var exampleMinErr = minErr('example');
+ * throw exampleMinErr('one', 'This {0} is {1}', foo, bar);
+ *
+ * The above creates an instance of minErr in the example namespace. The
+ * resulting error will have a namespaced error code of example.one.  The
+ * resulting error will replace {0} with the value of foo, and {1} with the
+ * value of bar. The object is not restricted in the number of arguments it can
+ * take.
+ *
+ * If fewer arguments are specified than necessary for interpolation, the extra
+ * interpolation markers will be preserved in the final string.
+ *
+ * Since data will be parsed statically during a build step, some restrictions
+ * are applied with respect to how minErr instances are created and called.
+ * Instances should have names of the form namespaceMinErr for a minErr created
+ * using minErr('namespace') . Error codes, namespaces and template strings
+ * should all be static strings, not variables or general expressions.
+ *
+ * @param {string} module The namespace to use for the new minErr instance.
+ * @returns {function(string, string, ...): Error} instance
+ */
+
+function minErr(module) {
+  return function () {
+    var code = arguments[0],
+      prefix = '[' + (module ? module + ':' : '') + code + '] ',
+      template = arguments[1],
+      templateArgs = arguments,
+      stringify = function (obj) {
+        if (typeof obj === 'function') {
+          return obj.toString().replace(/ \{[\s\S]*$/, '');
+        } else if (typeof obj === 'undefined') {
+          return 'undefined';
+        } else if (typeof obj !== 'string') {
+          return JSON.stringify(obj);
+        }
+        return obj;
+      },
+      message, i;
+
+    message = prefix + template.replace(/\{\d+\}/g, function (match) {
+      var index = +match.slice(1, -1), arg;
+
+      if (index + 2 < templateArgs.length) {
+        arg = templateArgs[index + 2];
+        if (typeof arg === 'function') {
+          return arg.toString().replace(/ ?\{[\s\S]*$/, '');
+        } else if (typeof arg === 'undefined') {
+          return 'undefined';
+        } else if (typeof arg !== 'string') {
+          return toJson(arg);
+        }
+        return arg;
+      }
+      return match;
+    });
+
+    message = message + '\nhttp://errors.angularjs.org/1.2.5/' +
+      (module ? module + '/' : '') + code;
+    for (i = 2; i < arguments.length; i++) {
+      message = message + (i == 2 ? '?' : '&') + 'p' + (i-2) + '=' +
+        encodeURIComponent(stringify(arguments[i]));
+    }
+
+    return new Error(message);
+  };
+}
+
+/* We need to tell jshint what variables are being exported */
+/* global
+    -angular,
+    -msie,
+    -jqLite,
+    -jQuery,
+    -slice,
+    -push,
+    -toString,
+    -ngMinErr,
+    -_angular,
+    -angularModule,
+    -nodeName_,
+    -uid,
+
+    -lowercase,
+    -uppercase,
+    -manualLowercase,
+    -manualUppercase,
+    -nodeName_,
+    -isArrayLike,
+    -forEach,
+    -sortedKeys,
+    -forEachSorted,
+    -reverseParams,
+    -nextUid,
+    -setHashKey,
+    -extend,
+    -int,
+    -inherit,
+    -noop,
+    -identity,
+    -valueFn,
+    -isUndefined,
+    -isDefined,
+    -isObject,
+    -isString,
+    -isNumber,
+    -isDate,
+    -isArray,
+    -isFunction,
+    -isRegExp,
+    -isWindow,
+    -isScope,
+    -isFile,
+    -isBoolean,
+    -trim,
+    -isElement,
+    -makeMap,
+    -map,
+    -size,
+    -includes,
+    -indexOf,
+    -arrayRemove,
+    -isLeafNode,
+    -copy,
+    -shallowCopy,
+    -equals,
+    -csp,
+    -concat,
+    -sliceArgs,
+    -bind,
+    -toJsonReplacer,
+    -toJson,
+    -fromJson,
+    -toBoolean,
+    -startingTag,
+    -tryDecodeURIComponent,
+    -parseKeyValue,
+    -toKeyValue,
+    -encodeUriSegment,
+    -encodeUriQuery,
+    -angularInit,
+    -bootstrap,
+    -snake_case,
+    -bindJQuery,
+    -assertArg,
+    -assertArgFn,
+    -assertNotHasOwnProperty,
+    -getter,
+    -getBlockElements,
+
+*/
+
+////////////////////////////////////
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc function
+ * @name angular.lowercase
+ * @function
+ *
+ * @description Converts the specified string to lowercase.
+ * @param {string} string String to be converted to lowercase.
+ * @returns {string} Lowercased string.
+ */
+var lowercase = function(string){return isString(string) ? string.toLowerCase() : string;};
+
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc function
+ * @name angular.uppercase
+ * @function
+ *
+ * @description Converts the specified string to uppercase.
+ * @param {string} string String to be converted to uppercase.
+ * @returns {string} Uppercased string.
+ */
+var uppercase = function(string){return isString(string) ? string.toUpperCase() : string;};
+
+
+var manualLowercase = function(s) {
+  /* jshint bitwise: false */
+  return isString(s)
+      ? s.replace(/[A-Z]/g, function(ch) {return String.fromCharCode(ch.charCodeAt(0) | 32);})
+      : s;
+};
+var manualUppercase = function(s) {
+  /* jshint bitwise: false */
+  return isString(s)
+      ? s.replace(/[a-z]/g, function(ch) {return String.fromCharCode(ch.charCodeAt(0) & ~32);})
+      : s;
+};
+
+
+// String#toLowerCase and String#toUpperCase don't produce correct results in browsers with Turkish
+// locale, for this reason we need to detect this case and redefine lowercase/uppercase methods
+// with correct but slower alternatives.
+if ('i' !== 'I'.toLowerCase()) {
+  lowercase = manualLowercase;
+  uppercase = manualUppercase;
+}
+
+
+var /** holds major version number for IE or NaN for real browsers */
+    msie,
+    jqLite,           // delay binding since jQuery could be loaded after us.
+    jQuery,           // delay binding
+    slice             = [].slice,
+    push              = [].push,
+    toString          = Object.prototype.toString,
+    ngMinErr          = minErr('ng'),
+
+
+    _angular          = window.angular,
+    /** @name angular */
+    angular           = window.angular || (window.angular = {}),
+    angularModule,
+    nodeName_,
+    uid               = ['0', '0', '0'];
+
+/**
+ * IE 11 changed the format of the UserAgent string.
+ * See http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms537503.aspx
+ */
+msie = int((/msie (\d+)/.exec(lowercase(navigator.userAgent)) || [])[1]);
+if (isNaN(msie)) {
+  msie = int((/trident\/.*; rv:(\d+)/.exec(lowercase(navigator.userAgent)) || [])[1]);
+}
+
+
+/**
+ * @private
+ * @param {*} obj
+ * @return {boolean} Returns true if `obj` is an array or array-like object (NodeList, Arguments,
+ *                   String ...)
+ */
+function isArrayLike(obj) {
+  if (obj == null || isWindow(obj)) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  var length = obj.length;
+
+  if (obj.nodeType === 1 && length) {
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  return isString(obj) || isArray(obj) || length === 0 ||
+         typeof length === 'number' && length > 0 && (length - 1) in obj;
+}
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc function
+ * @name angular.forEach
+ * @function
+ *
+ * @description
+ * Invokes the `iterator` function once for each item in `obj` collection, which can be either an
+ * object or an array. The `iterator` function is invoked with `iterator(value, key)`, where `value`
+ * is the value of an object property or an array element and `key` is the object property key or
+ * array element index. Specifying a `context` for the function is optional.
+ *
+ * Note: this function was previously known as `angular.foreach`.
+ *
+   <pre>
+     var values = {name: 'misko', gender: 'male'};
+     var log = [];
+     angular.forEach(values, function(value, key){
+       this.push(key + ': ' + value);
+     }, log);
+     expect(log).toEqual(['name: misko', 'gender:male']);
+   </pre>
+ *
+ * @param {Object|Array} obj Object to iterate over.
+ * @param {Function} iterator Iterator function.
+ * @param {Object=} context Object to become context (`this`) for the iterator function.
+ * @returns {Object|Array} Reference to `obj`.
+ */
+function forEach(obj, iterator, context) {
+  var key;
+  if (obj) {
+    if (isFunction(obj)){
+      for (key in obj) {
+        if (key != 'prototype' && key != 'length' && key != 'name' && obj.hasOwnProperty(key)) {
+          iterator.call(context, obj[key], key);
+        }
+      }
+    } else if (obj.forEach && obj.forEach !== forEach) {
+      obj.forEach(iterator, context);
+    } else if (isArrayLike(obj)) {
+      for (key = 0; key < obj.length; key++)
+        iterator.call(context, obj[key], key);
+    } else {
+      for (key in obj) {
+        if (obj.hasOwnProperty(key)) {
+          iterator.call(context, obj[key], key);
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  return obj;
+}
+
+function sortedKeys(obj) {
+  var keys = [];
+  for (var key in obj) {
+    if (obj.hasOwnProperty(key)) {
+      keys.push(key);
+    }
+  }
+  return keys.sort();
+}
+
+function forEachSorted(obj, iterator, context) {
+  var keys = sortedKeys(obj);
+  for ( var i = 0; i < keys.length; i++) {
+    iterator.call(context, obj[keys[i]], keys[i]);
+  }
+  return keys;
+}
+
+
+/**
+ * when using forEach the params are value, key, but it is often useful to have key, value.
+ * @param {function(string, *)} iteratorFn
+ * @returns {function(*, string)}
+ */
+function reverseParams(iteratorFn) {
+  return function(value, key) { iteratorFn(key, value); };
+}
+
+/**
+ * A consistent way of creating unique IDs in angular. The ID is a sequence of alpha numeric
+ * characters such as '012ABC'. The reason why we are not using simply a number counter is that
+ * the number string gets longer over time, and it can also overflow, where as the nextId
+ * will grow much slower, it is a string, and it will never overflow.
+ *
+ * @returns an unique alpha-numeric string
+ */
+function nextUid() {
+  var index = uid.length;
+  var digit;
+
+  while(index) {
+    index--;
+    digit = uid[index].charCodeAt(0);
+    if (digit == 57 /*'9'*/) {
+      uid[index] = 'A';
+      return uid.join('');
+    }
+    if (digit == 90  /*'Z'*/) {
+      uid[index] = '0';
+    } else {
+      uid[index] = String.fromCharCode(digit + 1);
+      return uid.join('');
+    }
+  }
+  uid.unshift('0');
+  return uid.join('');
+}
+
+
+/**
+ * Set or clear the hashkey for an object.
+ * @param obj object
+ * @param h the hashkey (!truthy to delete the hashkey)
+ */
+function setHashKey(obj, h) {
+  if (h) {
+    obj.$$hashKey = h;
+  }
+  else {
+    delete obj.$$hashKey;
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc function
+ * @name angular.extend
+ * @function
+ *
+ * @description
+ * Extends the destination object `dst` by copying all of the properties from the `src` object(s)
+ * to `dst`. You can specify multiple `src` objects.
+ *
+ * @param {Object} dst Destination object.
+ * @param {...Object} src Source object(s).
+ * @returns {Object} Reference to `dst`.
+ */
+function extend(dst) {
+  var h = dst.$$hashKey;
+  forEach(arguments, function(obj){
+    if (obj !== dst) {
+      forEach(obj, function(value, key){
+        dst[key] = value;
+      });
+    }
+  });
+
+  setHashKey(dst,h);
+  return dst;
+}
+
+function int(str) {
+  return parseInt(str, 10);
+}
+
+
+function inherit(parent, extra) {
+  return extend(new (extend(function() {}, {prototype:parent}))(), extra);
+}
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc function
+ * @name angular.noop
+ * @function
+ *
+ * @description
+ * A function that performs no operations. This function can be useful when writing code in the
+ * functional style.
+   <pre>
+     function foo(callback) {
+       var result = calculateResult();
+       (callback || angular.noop)(result);
+     }
+   </pre>
+ */
+function noop() {}
+noop.$inject = [];
+
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc function
+ * @name angular.identity
+ * @function
+ *
+ * @description
+ * A function that returns its first argument. This function is useful when writing code in the
+ * functional style.
+ *
+   <pre>
+     function transformer(transformationFn, value) {
+       return (transformationFn || angular.identity)(value);
+     };
+   </pre>
+ */
+function identity($) {return $;}
+identity.$inject = [];
+
+
+function valueFn(value) {return function() {return value;};}
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc function
+ * @name angular.isUndefined
+ * @function
+ *
+ * @description
+ * Determines if a reference is undefined.
+ *
+ * @param {*} value Reference to check.
+ * @returns {boolean} True if `value` is undefined.
+ */
+function isUndefined(value){return typeof value === 'undefined';}
+
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc function
+ * @name angular.isDefined
+ * @function
+ *
+ * @description
+ * Determines if a reference is defined.
+ *
+ * @param {*} value Reference to check.
+ * @returns {boolean} True if `value` is defined.
+ */
+function isDefined(value){return typeof value !== 'undefined';}
+
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc function
+ * @name angular.isObject
+ * @function
+ *
+ * @description
+ * Determines if a reference is an `Object`. Unlike `typeof` in JavaScript, `null`s are not
+ * considered to be objects.
+ *
+ * @param {*} value Reference to check.
+ * @returns {boolean} True if `value` is an `Object` but not `null`.
+ */
+function isObject(value){return value != null && typeof value === 'object';}
+
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc function
+ * @name angular.isString
+ * @function
+ *
+ * @description
+ * Determines if a reference is a `String`.
+ *
+ * @param {*} value Reference to check.
+ * @returns {boolean} True if `value` is a `String`.
+ */
+function isString(value){return typeof value === 'string';}
+
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc function
+ * @name angular.isNumber
+ * @function
+ *
+ * @description
+ * Determines if a reference is a `Number`.
+ *
+ * @param {*} value Reference to check.
+ * @returns {boolean} True if `value` is a `Number`.
+ */
+function isNumber(value){return typeof value === 'number';}
+
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc function
+ * @name angular.isDate
+ * @function
+ *
+ * @description
+ * Determines if a value is a date.
+ *
+ * @param {*} value Reference to check.
+ * @returns {boolean} True if `value` is a `Date`.
+ */
+function isDate(value){
+  return toString.call(value) === '[object Date]';
+}
+
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc function
+ * @name angular.isArray
+ * @function
+ *
+ * @description
+ * Determines if a reference is an `Array`.
+ *
+ * @param {*} value Reference to check.
+ * @returns {boolean} True if `value` is an `Array`.
+ */
+function isArray(value) {
+  return toString.call(value) === '[object Array]';
+}
+
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc function
+ * @name angular.isFunction
+ * @function
+ *
+ * @description
+ * Determines if a reference is a `Function`.
+ *
+ * @param {*} value Reference to check.
+ * @returns {boolean} True if `value` is a `Function`.
+ */
+function isFunction(value){return typeof value === 'function';}
+
+
+/**
+ * Determines if a value is a regular expression object.
+ *
+ * @private
+ * @param {*} value Reference to check.
+ * @returns {boolean} True if `value` is a `RegExp`.
+ */
+function isRegExp(value) {
+  return toString.call(value) === '[object RegExp]';
+}
+
+
+/**
+ * Checks if `obj` is a window object.
+ *
+ * @private
+ * @param {*} obj Object to check
+ * @returns {boolean} True if `obj` is a window obj.
+ */
+function isWindow(obj) {
+  return obj && obj.document && obj.location && obj.alert && obj.setInterval;
+}
+
+
+function isScope(obj) {
+  return obj && obj.$evalAsync && obj.$watch;
+}
+
+
+function isFile(obj) {
+  return toString.call(obj) === '[object File]';
+}
+
+
+function isBoolean(value) {
+  return typeof value === 'boolean';
+}
+
+
+var trim = (function() {
+  // native trim is way faster: http://jsperf.com/angular-trim-test
+  // but IE doesn't have it... :-(
+  // TODO: we should move this into IE/ES5 polyfill
+  if (!String.prototype.trim) {
+    return function(value) {
+      return isString(value) ? value.replace(/^\s\s*/, '').replace(/\s\s*$/, '') : value;
+    };
+  }
+  return function(value) {
+    return isString(value) ? value.trim() : value;
+  };
+})();
+
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc function
+ * @name angular.isElement
+ * @function
+ *
+ * @description
+ * Determines if a reference is a DOM element (or wrapped jQuery element).
+ *
+ * @param {*} value Reference to check.
+ * @returns {boolean} True if `value` is a DOM element (or wrapped jQuery element).
+ */
+function isElement(node) {
+  return !!(node &&
+    (node.nodeName  // we are a direct element
+    || (node.on && node.find)));  // we have an on and find method part of jQuery API
+}
+
+/**
+ * @param str 'key1,key2,...'
+ * @returns {object} in the form of {key1:true, key2:true, ...}
+ */
+function makeMap(str){
+  var obj = {}, items = str.split(","), i;
+  for ( i = 0; i < items.length; i++ )
+    obj[ items[i] ] = true;
+  return obj;
+}
+
+
+if (msie < 9) {
+  nodeName_ = function(element) {
+    element = element.nodeName ? element : element[0];
+    return (element.scopeName && element.scopeName != 'HTML')
+      ? uppercase(element.scopeName + ':' + element.nodeName) : element.nodeName;
+  };
+} else {
+  nodeName_ = function(element) {
+    return element.nodeName ? element.nodeName : element[0].nodeName;
+  };
+}
+
+
+function map(obj, iterator, context) {
+  var results = [];
+  forEach(obj, function(value, index, list) {
+    results.push(iterator.call(context, value, index, list));
+  });
+  return results;
+}
+
+
+/**
+ * @description
+ * Determines the number of elements in an array, the number of properties an object has, or
+ * the length of a string.
+ *
+ * Note: This function is used to augment the Object type in Angular expressions. See
+ * {@link angular.Object} for more information about Angular arrays.
+ *
+ * @param {Object|Array|string} obj Object, array, or string to inspect.
+ * @param {boolean} [ownPropsOnly=false] Count only "own" properties in an object
+ * @returns {number} The size of `obj` or `0` if `obj` is neither an object nor an array.
+ */
+function size(obj, ownPropsOnly) {
+  var count = 0, key;
+
+  if (isArray(obj) || isString(obj)) {
+    return obj.length;
+  } else if (isObject(obj)){
+    for (key in obj)
+      if (!ownPropsOnly || obj.hasOwnProperty(key))
+        count++;
+  }
+
+  return count;
+}
+
+
+function includes(array, obj) {
+  return indexOf(array, obj) != -1;
+}
+
+function indexOf(array, obj) {
+  if (array.indexOf) return array.indexOf(obj);
+
+  for (var i = 0; i < array.length; i++) {
+    if (obj === array[i]) return i;
+  }
+  return -1;
+}
+
+function arrayRemove(array, value) {
+  var index = indexOf(array, value);
+  if (index >=0)
+    array.splice(index, 1);
+  return value;
+}
+
+function isLeafNode (node) {
+  if (node) {
+    switch (node.nodeName) {
+    case "OPTION":
+    case "PRE":
+    case "TITLE":
+      return true;
+    }
+  }
+  return false;
+}
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc function
+ * @name angular.copy
+ * @function
+ *
+ * @description
+ * Creates a deep copy of `source`, which should be an object or an array.
+ *
+ * * If no destination is supplied, a copy of the object or array is created.
+ * * If a destination is provided, all of its elements (for array) or properties (for objects)
+ *   are deleted and then all elements/properties from the source are copied to it.
+ * * If `source` is not an object or array (inc. `null` and `undefined`), `source` is returned.
+ * * If `source` is identical to 'destination' an exception will be thrown.
+ *
+ * @param {*} source The source that will be used to make a copy.
+ *                   Can be any type, including primitives, `null`, and `undefined`.
+ * @param {(Object|Array)=} destination Destination into which the source is copied. If
+ *     provided, must be of the same type as `source`.
+ * @returns {*} The copy or updated `destination`, if `destination` was specified.
+ *
+ * @example
+ <doc:example>
+ <doc:source>
+ <div ng-controller="Controller">
+ <form novalidate class="simple-form">
+ Name: <input type="text" ng-model="user.name" /><br />
+ E-mail: <input type="email" ng-model="user.email" /><br />
+ Gender: <input type="radio" ng-model="user.gender" value="male" />male
+ <input type="radio" ng-model="user.gender" value="female" />female<br />
+ <button ng-click="reset()">RESET</button>
+ <button ng-click="update(user)">SAVE</button>
+ </form>
+ <pre>form = {{user | json}}</pre>
+ <pre>master = {{master | json}}</pre>
+ </div>
+
+ <script>
+ function Controller($scope) {
+    $scope.master= {};
+
+    $scope.update = function(user) {
+      // Example with 1 argument
+      $scope.master= angular.copy(user);
+    };
+
+    $scope.reset = function() {
+      // Example with 2 arguments
+      angular.copy($scope.master, $scope.user);
+    };
+
+    $scope.reset();
+  }
+ </script>
+ </doc:source>
+ </doc:example>
+ */
+function copy(source, destination){
+  if (isWindow(source) || isScope(source)) {
+    throw ngMinErr('cpws',
+      "Can't copy! Making copies of Window or Scope instances is not supported.");
+  }
+
+  if (!destination) {
+    destination = source;
+    if (source) {
+      if (isArray(source)) {
+        destination = copy(source, []);
+      } else if (isDate(source)) {
+        destination = new Date(source.getTime());
+      } else if (isRegExp(source)) {
+        destination = new RegExp(source.source);
+      } else if (isObject(source)) {
+        destination = copy(source, {});
+      }
+    }
+  } else {
+    if (source === destination) throw ngMinErr('cpi',
+      "Can't copy! Source and destination are identical.");
+    if (isArray(source)) {
+      destination.length = 0;
+      for ( var i = 0; i < source.length; i++) {
+        destination.push(copy(source[i]));
+      }
+    } else {
+      var h = destination.$$hashKey;
+      forEach(destination, function(value, key){
+        delete destination[key];
+      });
+      for ( var key in source) {
+        destination[key] = copy(source[key]);
+      }
+      setHashKey(destination,h);
+    }
+  }
+  return destination;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Create a shallow copy of an object
+ */
+function shallowCopy(src, dst) {
+  dst = dst || {};
+
+  for(var key in src) {
+    // shallowCopy is only ever called by $compile nodeLinkFn, which has control over src
+    // so we don't need to worry about using our custom hasOwnProperty here
+    if (src.hasOwnProperty(key) && key.substr(0, 2) !== '$$') {
+      dst[key] = src[key];
+    }
+  }
+
+  return dst;
+}
+
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc function
+ * @name angular.equals
+ * @function
+ *
+ * @description
+ * Determines if two objects or two values are equivalent. Supports value types, regular
+ * expressions, arrays and objects.
+ *
+ * Two objects or values are considered equivalent if at least one of the following is true:
+ *
+ * * Both objects or values pass `===` comparison.
+ * * Both objects or values are of the same type and all of their properties are equal by
+ *   comparing them with `angular.equals`.
+ * * Both values are NaN. (In JavaScript, NaN == NaN => false. But we consider two NaN as equal)
+ * * Both values represent the same regular expression (In JavasScript,
+ *   /abc/ == /abc/ => false. But we consider two regular expressions as equal when their textual
+ *   representation matches).
+ *
+ * During a property comparison, properties of `function` type and properties with names
+ * that begin with `$` are ignored.
+ *
+ * Scope and DOMWindow objects are being compared only by identify (`===`).
+ *
+ * @param {*} o1 Object or value to compare.
+ * @param {*} o2 Object or value to compare.
+ * @returns {boolean} True if arguments are equal.
+ */
+function equals(o1, o2) {
+  if (o1 === o2) return true;
+  if (o1 === null || o2 === null) return false;
+  if (o1 !== o1 && o2 !== o2) return true; // NaN === NaN
+  var t1 = typeof o1, t2 = typeof o2, length, key, keySet;
+  if (t1 == t2) {
+    if (t1 == 'object') {
+      if (isArray(o1)) {
+        if (!isArray(o2)) return false;
+        if ((length = o1.length) == o2.length) {
+          for(key=0; key<length; key++) {
+            if (!equals(o1[key], o2[key])) return false;
+          }
+          return true;
+        }
+      } else if (isDate(o1)) {
+        return isDate(o2) && o1.getTime() == o2.getTime();
+      } else if (isRegExp(o1) && isRegExp(o2)) {
+        return o1.toString() == o2.toString();
+      } else {
+        if (isScope(o1) || isScope(o2) || isWindow(o1) || isWindow(o2) || isArray(o2)) return false;
+        keySet = {};
+        for(key in o1) {
+          if (key.charAt(0) === '$' || isFunction(o1[key])) continue;
+          if (!equals(o1[key], o2[key])) return false;
+          keySet[key] = true;
+        }
+        for(key in o2) {
+          if (!keySet.hasOwnProperty(key) &&
+              key.charAt(0) !== '$' &&
+              o2[key] !== undefined &&
+              !isFunction(o2[key])) return false;
+        }
+        return true;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  return false;
+}
+
+
+function csp() {
+  return (document.securityPolicy && document.securityPolicy.isActive) ||
+      (document.querySelector &&
+      !!(document.querySelector('[ng-csp]') || document.querySelector('[data-ng-csp]')));
+}
+
+
+function concat(array1, array2, index) {
+  return array1.concat(slice.call(array2, index));
+}
+
+function sliceArgs(args, startIndex) {
+  return slice.call(args, startIndex || 0);
+}
+
+
+/* jshint -W101 */
+/**
+ * @ngdoc function
+ * @name angular.bind
+ * @function
+ *
+ * @description
+ * Returns a function which calls function `fn` bound to `self` (`self` becomes the `this` for
+ * `fn`). You can supply optional `args` that are prebound to the function. This feature is also
+ * known as [partial application](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Partial_application), as
+ * distinguished from [function currying](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Currying#Contrast_with_partial_function_application).
+ *
+ * @param {Object} self Context which `fn` should be evaluated in.
+ * @param {function()} fn Function to be bound.
+ * @param {...*} args Optional arguments to be prebound to the `fn` function call.
+ * @returns {function()} Function that wraps the `fn` with all the specified bindings.
+ */
+/* jshint +W101 */
+function bind(self, fn) {
+  var curryArgs = arguments.length > 2 ? sliceArgs(arguments, 2) : [];
+  if (isFunction(fn) && !(fn instanceof RegExp)) {
+    return curryArgs.length
+      ? function() {
+          return arguments.length
+            ? fn.apply(self, curryArgs.concat(slice.call(arguments, 0)))
+            : fn.apply(self, curryArgs);
+        }
+      : function() {
+          return arguments.length
+            ? fn.apply(self, arguments)
+            : fn.call(self);
+        };
+  } else {
+    // in IE, native methods are not functions so they cannot be bound (note: they don't need to be)
+    return fn;
+  }
+}
+
+
+function toJsonReplacer(key, value) {
+  var val = value;
+
+  if (typeof key === 'string' && key.charAt(0) === '$') {
+    val = undefined;
+  } else if (isWindow(value)) {
+    val = '$WINDOW';
+  } else if (value &&  document === value) {
+    val = '$DOCUMENT';
+  } else if (isScope(value)) {
+    val = '$SCOPE';
+  }
+
+  return val;
+}
+
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc function
+ * @name angular.toJson
+ * @function
+ *
+ * @description
+ * Serializes input into a JSON-formatted string. Properties with leading $ characters will be
+ * stripped since angular uses this notation internally.
+ *
+ * @param {Object|Array|Date|string|number} obj Input to be serialized into JSON.
+ * @param {boolean=} pretty If set to true, the JSON output will contain newlines and whitespace.
+ * @returns {string|undefined} JSON-ified string representing `obj`.
+ */
+function toJson(obj, pretty) {
+  if (typeof obj === 'undefined') return undefined;
+  return JSON.stringify(obj, toJsonReplacer, pretty ? '  ' : null);
+}
+
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc function
+ * @name angular.fromJson
+ * @function
+ *
+ * @description
+ * Deserializes a JSON string.
+ *
+ * @param {string} json JSON string to deserialize.
+ * @returns {Object|Array|Date|string|number} Deserialized thingy.
+ */
+function fromJson(json) {
+  return isString(json)
+      ? JSON.parse(json)
+      : json;
+}
+
+
+function toBoolean(value) {
+  if (value && value.length !== 0) {
+    var v = lowercase("" + value);
+    value = !(v == 'f' || v == '0' || v == 'false' || v == 'no' || v == 'n' || v == '[]');
+  } else {
+    value = false;
+  }
+  return value;
+}
+
+/**
+ * @returns {string} Returns the string representation of the element.
+ */
+function startingTag(element) {
+  element = jqLite(element).clone();
+  try {
+    // turns out IE does not let you set .html() on elements which
+    // are not allowed to have children. So we just ignore it.
+    element.empty();
+  } catch(e) {}
+  // As Per DOM Standards
+  var TEXT_NODE = 3;
+  var elemHtml = jqLite('<div>').append(element).html();
+  try {
+    return element[0].nodeType === TEXT_NODE ? lowercase(elemHtml) :
+        elemHtml.
+          match(/^(<[^>]+>)/)[1].
+          replace(/^<([\w\-]+)/, function(match, nodeName) { return '<' + lowercase(nodeName); });
+  } catch(e) {
+    return lowercase(elemHtml);
+  }
+
+}
+
+
+/////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+/**
+ * Tries to decode the URI component without throwing an exception.
+ *
+ * @private
+ * @param str value potential URI component to check.
+ * @returns {boolean} True if `value` can be decoded
+ * with the decodeURIComponent function.
+ */
+function tryDecodeURIComponent(value) {
+  try {
+    return decodeURIComponent(value);
+  } catch(e) {
+    // Ignore any invalid uri component
+  }
+}
+
+
+/**
+ * Parses an escaped url query string into key-value pairs.
+ * @returns Object.<(string|boolean)>
+ */
+function parseKeyValue(/**string*/keyValue) {
+  var obj = {}, key_value, key;
+  forEach((keyValue || "").split('&'), function(keyValue){
+    if ( keyValue ) {
+      key_value = keyValue.split('=');
+      key = tryDecodeURIComponent(key_value[0]);
+      if ( isDefined(key) ) {
+        var val = isDefined(key_value[1]) ? tryDecodeURIComponent(key_value[1]) : true;
+        if (!obj[key]) {
+          obj[key] = val;
+        } else if(isArray(obj[key])) {
+          obj[key].push(val);
+        } else {
+          obj[key] = [obj[key],val];
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  });
+  return obj;
+}
+
+function toKeyValue(obj) {
+  var parts = [];
+  forEach(obj, function(value, key) {
+    if (isArray(value)) {
+      forEach(value, function(arrayValue) {
+        parts.push(encodeUriQuery(key, true) +
+                   (arrayValue === true ? '' : '=' + encodeUriQuery(arrayValue, true)));
+      });
+    } else {
+    parts.push(encodeUriQuery(key, true) +
+               (value === true ? '' : '=' + encodeUriQuery(value, true)));
+    }
+  });
+  return parts.length ? parts.join('&') : '';
+}
+
+
+/**
+ * We need our custom method because encodeURIComponent is too aggressive and doesn't follow
+ * http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3986.txt with regards to the character set (pchar) allowed in path
+ * segments:
+ *    segment       = *pchar
+ *    pchar         = unreserved / pct-encoded / sub-delims / ":" / "@"
+ *    pct-encoded   = "%" HEXDIG HEXDIG
+ *    unreserved    = ALPHA / DIGIT / "-" / "." / "_" / "~"
+ *    sub-delims    = "!" / "$" / "&" / "'" / "(" / ")"
+ *                     / "*" / "+" / "," / ";" / "="
+ */
+function encodeUriSegment(val) {
+  return encodeUriQuery(val, true).
+             replace(/%26/gi, '&').
+             replace(/%3D/gi, '=').
+             replace(/%2B/gi, '+');
+}
+
+
+/**
+ * This method is intended for encoding *key* or *value* parts of query component. We need a custom
+ * method because encodeURIComponent is too aggressive and encodes stuff that doesn't have to be
+ * encoded per http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3986:
+ *    query       = *( pchar / "/" / "?" )
+ *    pchar         = unreserved / pct-encoded / sub-delims / ":" / "@"
+ *    unreserved    = ALPHA / DIGIT / "-" / "." / "_" / "~"
+ *    pct-encoded   = "%" HEXDIG HEXDIG
+ *    sub-delims    = "!" / "$" / "&" / "'" / "(" / ")"
+ *                     / "*" / "+" / "," / ";" / "="
+ */
+function encodeUriQuery(val, pctEncodeSpaces) {
+  return encodeURIComponent(val).
+             replace(/%40/gi, '@').
+             replace(/%3A/gi, ':').
+             replace(/%24/g, '$').
+             replace(/%2C/gi, ',').
+             replace(/%20/g, (pctEncodeSpaces ? '%20' : '+'));
+}
+
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc directive
+ * @name ng.directive:ngApp
+ *
+ * @element ANY
+ * @param {angular.Module} ngApp an optional application
+ *   {@link angular.module module} name to load.
+ *
+ * @description
+ *
+ * Use this directive to **auto-bootstrap** an AngularJS application. The `ngApp` directive
+ * designates the **root element** of the application and is typically placed near the root element
+ * of the page - e.g. on the `<body>` or `<html>` tags.
+ *
+ * Only one AngularJS application can be auto-bootstrapped per HTML document. The first `ngApp`
+ * found in the document will be used to define the root element to auto-bootstrap as an
+ * application. To run multiple applications in an HTML document you must manually bootstrap them using
+ * {@link angular.bootstrap} instead. AngularJS applications cannot be nested within each other.
+ *
+ * You can specify an **AngularJS module** to be used as the root module for the application.  This
+ * module will be loaded into the {@link AUTO.$injector} when the application is bootstrapped and
+ * should contain the application code needed or have dependencies on other modules that will
+ * contain the code. See {@link angular.module} for more information.
+ *
+ * In the example below if the `ngApp` directive were not placed on the `html` element then the
+ * document would not be compiled, the `AppController` would not be instantiated and the `{{ a+b }}`
+ * would not be resolved to `3`.
+ *
+ * `ngApp` is the easiest, and most common, way to bootstrap an application.
+ *
+ <example module="ngAppDemo">
+   <file name="index.html">
+   <div ng-controller="ngAppDemoController">
+     I can add: {{a}} + {{b}} =  {{ a+b }}
+   </file>
+   <file name="script.js">
+   angular.module('ngAppDemo', []).controller('ngAppDemoController', function($scope) {
+     $scope.a = 1;
+     $scope.b = 2;
+   });
+   </file>
+ </example>
+ *
+ */
+function angularInit(element, bootstrap) {
+  var elements = [element],
+      appElement,
+      module,
+      names = ['ng:app', 'ng-app', 'x-ng-app', 'data-ng-app'],
+      NG_APP_CLASS_REGEXP = /\sng[:\-]app(:\s*([\w\d_]+);?)?\s/;
+
+  function append(element) {
+    element && elements.push(element);
+  }
+
+  forEach(names, function(name) {
+    names[name] = true;
+    append(document.getElementById(name));
+    name = name.replace(':', '\\:');
+    if (element.querySelectorAll) {
+      forEach(element.querySelectorAll('.' + name), append);
+      forEach(element.querySelectorAll('.' + name + '\\:'), append);
+      forEach(element.querySelectorAll('[' + name + ']'), append);
+    }
+  });
+
+  forEach(elements, function(element) {
+    if (!appElement) {
+      var className = ' ' + element.className + ' ';
+      var match = NG_APP_CLASS_REGEXP.exec(className);
+      if (match) {
+        appElement = element;
+        module = (match[2] || '').replace(/\s+/g, ',');
+      } else {
+        forEach(element.attributes, function(attr) {
+          if (!appElement && names[attr.name]) {
+            appElement = element;
+            module = attr.value;
+          }
+        });
+      }
+    }
+  });
+  if (appElement) {
+    bootstrap(appElement, module ? [module] : []);
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc function
+ * @name angular.bootstrap
+ * @description
+ * Use this function to manually start up angular application.
+ *
+ * See: {@link guide/bootstrap Bootstrap}
+ *
+ * Note that ngScenario-based end-to-end tests cannot use this function to bootstrap manually.
+ * They must use {@link api/ng.directive:ngApp ngApp}.
+ *
+ * @param {Element} element DOM element which is the root of angular application.
+ * @param {Array<String|Function|Array>=} modules an array of modules to load into the application.
+ *     Each item in the array should be the name of a predefined module or a (DI annotated)
+ *     function that will be invoked by the injector as a run block.
+ *     See: {@link angular.module modules}
+ * @returns {AUTO.$injector} Returns the newly created injector for this app.
+ */
+function bootstrap(element, modules) {
+  var doBootstrap = function() {
+    element = jqLite(element);
+
+    if (element.injector()) {
+      var tag = (element[0] === document) ? 'document' : startingTag(element);
+      throw ngMinErr('btstrpd', "App Already Bootstrapped with this Element '{0}'", tag);
+    }
+
+    modules = modules || [];
+    modules.unshift(['$provide', function($provide) {
+      $provide.value('$rootElement', element);
+    }]);
+    modules.unshift('ng');
+    var injector = createInjector(modules);
+    injector.invoke(['$rootScope', '$rootElement', '$compile', '$injector', '$animate',
+       function(scope, element, compile, injector, animate) {
+        scope.$apply(function() {
+          element.data('$injector', injector);
+          compile(element)(scope);
+        });
+      }]
+    );
+    return injector;
+  };
+
+  var NG_DEFER_BOOTSTRAP = /^NG_DEFER_BOOTSTRAP!/;
+
+  if (window && !NG_DEFER_BOOTSTRAP.test(window.name)) {
+    return doBootstrap();
+  }
+
+  window.name = window.name.replace(NG_DEFER_BOOTSTRAP, '');
+  angular.resumeBootstrap = function(extraModules) {
+    forEach(extraModules, function(module) {
+      modules.push(module);
+    });
+    doBootstrap();
+  };
+}
+
+var SNAKE_CASE_REGEXP = /[A-Z]/g;
+function snake_case(name, separator){
+  separator = separator || '_';
+  return name.replace(SNAKE_CASE_REGEXP, function(letter, pos) {
+    return (pos ? separator : '') + letter.toLowerCase();
+  });
+}
+
+function bindJQuery() {
+  // bind to jQuery if present;
+  jQuery = window.jQuery;
+  // reset to jQuery or default to us.
+  if (jQuery) {
+    jqLite = jQuery;
+    extend(jQuery.fn, {
+      scope: JQLitePrototype.scope,
+      isolateScope: JQLitePrototype.isolateScope,
+      controller: JQLitePrototype.controller,
+      injector: JQLitePrototype.injector,
+      inheritedData: JQLitePrototype.inheritedData
+    });
+    // Method signature:
+    //     jqLitePatchJQueryRemove(name, dispatchThis, filterElems, getterIfNoArguments)
+    jqLitePatchJQueryRemove('remove', true, true, false);
+    jqLitePatchJQueryRemove('empty', false, false, false);
+    jqLitePatchJQueryRemove('html', false, false, true);
+  } else {
+    jqLite = JQLite;
+  }
+  angular.element = jqLite;
+}
+
+/**
+ * throw error if the argument is falsy.
+ */
+function assertArg(arg, name, reason) {
+  if (!arg) {
+    throw ngMinErr('areq', "Argument '{0}' is {1}", (name || '?'), (reason || "required"));
+  }
+  return arg;
+}
+
+function assertArgFn(arg, name, acceptArrayAnnotation) {
+  if (acceptArrayAnnotation && isArray(arg)) {
+      arg = arg[arg.length - 1];
+  }
+
+  assertArg(isFunction(arg), name, 'not a function, got ' +
+      (arg && typeof arg == 'object' ? arg.constructor.name || 'Object' : typeof arg));
+  return arg;
+}
+
+/**
+ * throw error if the name given is hasOwnProperty
+ * @param  {String} name    the name to test
+ * @param  {String} context the context in which the name is used, such as module or directive
+ */
+function assertNotHasOwnProperty(name, context) {
+  if (name === 'hasOwnProperty') {
+    throw ngMinErr('badname', "hasOwnProperty is not a valid {0} name", context);
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Return the value accessible from the object by path. Any undefined traversals are ignored
+ * @param {Object} obj starting object
+ * @param {string} path path to traverse
+ * @param {boolean=true} bindFnToScope
+ * @returns value as accessible by path
+ */
+//TODO(misko): this function needs to be removed
+function getter(obj, path, bindFnToScope) {
+  if (!path) return obj;
+  var keys = path.split('.');
+  var key;
+  var lastInstance = obj;
+  var len = keys.length;
+
+  for (var i = 0; i < len; i++) {
+    key = keys[i];
+    if (obj) {
+      obj = (lastInstance = obj)[key];
+    }
+  }
+  if (!bindFnToScope && isFunction(obj)) {
+    return bind(lastInstance, obj);
+  }
+  return obj;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Return the DOM siblings between the first and last node in the given array.
+ * @param {Array} array like object
+ * @returns jQlite object containing the elements
+ */
+function getBlockElements(nodes) {
+  var startNode = nodes[0],
+      endNode = nodes[nodes.length - 1];
+  if (startNode === endNode) {
+    return jqLite(startNode);
+  }
+
+  var element = startNode;
+  var elements = [element];
+
+  do {
+    element = element.nextSibling;
+    if (!element) break;
+    elements.push(element);
+  } while (element !== endNode);
+
+  return jqLite(elements);
+}
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc interface
+ * @name angular.Module
+ * @description
+ *
+ * Interface for configuring angular {@link angular.module modules}.
+ */
+
+function setupModuleLoader(window) {
+
+  var $injectorMinErr = minErr('$injector');
+  var ngMinErr = minErr('ng');
+
+  function ensure(obj, name, factory) {
+    return obj[name] || (obj[name] = factory());
+  }
+
+  var angular = ensure(window, 'angular', Object);
+
+  // We need to expose `angular.$$minErr` to modules such as `ngResource` that reference it during bootstrap
+  angular.$$minErr = angular.$$minErr || minErr;
+
+  return ensure(angular, 'module', function() {
+    /** @type {Object.<string, angular.Module>} */
+    var modules = {};
+
+    /**
+     * @ngdoc function
+     * @name angular.module
+     * @description
+     *
+     * The `angular.module` is a global place for creating, registering and retrieving Angular
+     * modules.
+     * All modules (angular core or 3rd party) that should be available to an application must be
+     * registered using this mechanism.
+     *
+     * When passed two or more arguments, a new module is created.  If passed only one argument, an
+     * existing module (the name passed as the first argument to `module`) is retrieved.
+     *
+     *
+     * # Module
+     *
+     * A module is a collection of services, directives, filters, and configuration information.
+     * `angular.module` is used to configure the {@link AUTO.$injector $injector}.
+     *
+     * <pre>
+     * // Create a new module
+     * var myModule = angular.module('myModule', []);
+     *
+     * // register a new service
+     * myModule.value('appName', 'MyCoolApp');
+     *
+     * // configure existing services inside initialization blocks.
+     * myModule.config(function($locationProvider) {
+     *   // Configure existing providers
+     *   $locationProvider.hashPrefix('!');
+     * });
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     * Then you can create an injector and load your modules like this:
+     *
+     * <pre>
+     * var injector = angular.injector(['ng', 'MyModule'])
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     * However it's more likely that you'll just use
+     * {@link ng.directive:ngApp ngApp} or
+     * {@link angular.bootstrap} to simplify this process for you.
+     *
+     * @param {!string} name The name of the module to create or retrieve.
+     * @param {Array.<string>=} requires If specified then new module is being created. If
+     *        unspecified then the the module is being retrieved for further configuration.
+     * @param {Function} configFn Optional configuration function for the module. Same as
+     *        {@link angular.Module#methods_config Module#config()}.
+     * @returns {module} new module with the {@link angular.Module} api.
+     */
+    return function module(name, requires, configFn) {
+      var assertNotHasOwnProperty = function(name, context) {
+        if (name === 'hasOwnProperty') {
+          throw ngMinErr('badname', 'hasOwnProperty is not a valid {0} name', context);
+        }
+      };
+
+      assertNotHasOwnProperty(name, 'module');
+      if (requires && modules.hasOwnProperty(name)) {
+        modules[name] = null;
+      }
+      return ensure(modules, name, function() {
+        if (!requires) {
+          throw $injectorMinErr('nomod', "Module '{0}' is not available! You either misspelled " +
+             "the module name or forgot to load it. If registering a module ensure that you " +
+             "specify the dependencies as the second argument.", name);
+        }
+
+        /** @type {!Array.<Array.<*>>} */
+        var invokeQueue = [];
+
+        /** @type {!Array.<Function>} */
+        var runBlocks = [];
+
+        var config = invokeLater('$injector', 'invoke');
+
+        /** @type {angular.Module} */
+        var moduleInstance = {
+          // Private state
+          _invokeQueue: invokeQueue,
+          _runBlocks: runBlocks,
+
+          /**
+           * @ngdoc property
+           * @name angular.Module#requires
+           * @propertyOf angular.Module
+           * @returns {Array.<string>} List of module names which must be loaded before this module.
+           * @description
+           * Holds the list of modules which the injector will load before the current module is
+           * loaded.
+           */
+          requires: requires,
+
+          /**
+           * @ngdoc property
+           * @name angular.Module#name
+           * @propertyOf angular.Module
+           * @returns {string} Name of the module.
+           * @description
+           */
+          name: name,
+
+
+          /**
+           * @ngdoc method
+           * @name angular.Module#provider
+           * @methodOf angular.Module
+           * @param {string} name service name
+           * @param {Function} providerType Construction function for creating new instance of the
+           *                                service.
+           * @description
+           * See {@link AUTO.$provide#provider $provide.provider()}.
+           */
+          provider: invokeLater('$provide', 'provider'),
+
+          /**
+           * @ngdoc method
+           * @name angular.Module#factory
+           * @methodOf angular.Module
+           * @param {string} name service name
+           * @param {Function} providerFunction Function for creating new instance of the service.
+           * @description
+           * See {@link AUTO.$provide#factory $provide.factory()}.
+           */
+          factory: invokeLater('$provide', 'factory'),
+
+          /**
+           * @ngdoc method
+           * @name angular.Module#service
+           * @methodOf angular.Module
+           * @param {string} name service name
+           * @param {Function} constructor A constructor function that will be instantiated.
+           * @description
+           * See {@link AUTO.$provide#service $provide.service()}.
+           */
+          service: invokeLater('$provide', 'service'),
+
+          /**
+           * @ngdoc method
+           * @name angular.Module#value
+           * @methodOf angular.Module
+           * @param {string} name service name
+           * @param {*} object Service instance object.
+           * @description
+           * See {@link AUTO.$provide#value $provide.value()}.
+           */
+          value: invokeLater('$provide', 'value'),
+
+          /**
+           * @ngdoc method
+           * @name angular.Module#constant
+           * @methodOf angular.Module
+           * @param {string} name constant name
+           * @param {*} object Constant value.
+           * @description
+           * Because the constant are fixed, they get applied before other provide methods.
+           * See {@link AUTO.$provide#constant $provide.constant()}.
+           */
+          constant: invokeLater('$provide', 'constant', 'unshift'),
+
+          /**
+           * @ngdoc method
+           * @name angular.Module#animation
+           * @methodOf angular.Module
+           * @param {string} name animation name
+           * @param {Function} animationFactory Factory function for creating new instance of an
+           *                                    animation.
+           * @description
+           *
+           * **NOTE**: animations take effect only if the **ngAnimate** module is loaded.
+           *
+           *
+           * Defines an animation hook that can be later used with
+           * {@link ngAnimate.$animate $animate} service and directives that use this service.
+           *
+           * <pre>
+           * module.animation('.animation-name', function($inject1, $inject2) {
+           *   return {
+           *     eventName : function(element, done) {
+           *       //code to run the animation
+           *       //once complete, then run done()
+           *       return function cancellationFunction(element) {
+           *         //code to cancel the animation
+           *       }
+           *     }
+           *   }
+           * })
+           * </pre>
+           *
+           * See {@link ngAnimate.$animateProvider#register $animateProvider.register()} and
+           * {@link ngAnimate ngAnimate module} for more information.
+           */
+          animation: invokeLater('$animateProvider', 'register'),
+
+          /**
+           * @ngdoc method
+           * @name angular.Module#filter
+           * @methodOf angular.Module
+           * @param {string} name Filter name.
+           * @param {Function} filterFactory Factory function for creating new instance of filter.
+           * @description
+           * See {@link ng.$filterProvider#register $filterProvider.register()}.
+           */
+          filter: invokeLater('$filterProvider', 'register'),
+
+          /**
+           * @ngdoc method
+           * @name angular.Module#controller
+           * @methodOf angular.Module
+           * @param {string|Object} name Controller name, or an object map of controllers where the
+           *    keys are the names and the values are the constructors.
+           * @param {Function} constructor Controller constructor function.
+           * @description
+           * See {@link ng.$controllerProvider#register $controllerProvider.register()}.
+           */
+          controller: invokeLater('$controllerProvider', 'register'),
+
+          /**
+           * @ngdoc method
+           * @name angular.Module#directive
+           * @methodOf angular.Module
+           * @param {string|Object} name Directive name, or an object map of directives where the
+           *    keys are the names and the values are the factories.
+           * @param {Function} directiveFactory Factory function for creating new instance of
+           * directives.
+           * @description
+           * See {@link ng.$compileProvider#methods_directive $compileProvider.directive()}.
+           */
+          directive: invokeLater('$compileProvider', 'directive'),
+
+          /**
+           * @ngdoc method
+           * @name angular.Module#config
+           * @methodOf angular.Module
+           * @param {Function} configFn Execute this function on module load. Useful for service
+           *    configuration.
+           * @description
+           * Use this method to register work which needs to be performed on module loading.
+           */
+          config: config,
+
+          /**
+           * @ngdoc method
+           * @name angular.Module#run
+           * @methodOf angular.Module
+           * @param {Function} initializationFn Execute this function after injector creation.
+           *    Useful for application initialization.
+           * @description
+           * Use this method to register work which should be performed when the injector is done
+           * loading all modules.
+           */
+          run: function(block) {
+            runBlocks.push(block);
+            return this;
+          }
+        };
+
+        if (configFn) {
+          config(configFn);
+        }
+
+        return  moduleInstance;
+
+        /**
+         * @param {string} provider
+         * @param {string} method
+         * @param {String=} insertMethod
+         * @returns {angular.Module}
+         */
+        function invokeLater(provider, method, insertMethod) {
+          return function() {
+            invokeQueue[insertMethod || 'push']([provider, method, arguments]);
+            return moduleInstance;
+          };
+        }
+      });
+    };
+  });
+
+}
+
+/* global
+    angularModule: true,
+    version: true,
+    
+    $LocaleProvider,
+    $CompileProvider,
+    
+    htmlAnchorDirective,
+    inputDirective,
+    inputDirective,
+    formDirective,
+    scriptDirective,
+    selectDirective,
+    styleDirective,
+    optionDirective,
+    ngBindDirective,
+    ngBindHtmlDirective,
+    ngBindTemplateDirective,
+    ngClassDirective,
+    ngClassEvenDirective,
+    ngClassOddDirective,
+    ngCspDirective,
+    ngCloakDirective,
+    ngControllerDirective,
+    ngFormDirective,
+    ngHideDirective,
+    ngIfDirective,
+    ngIncludeDirective,
+    ngIncludeFillContentDirective,
+    ngInitDirective,
+    ngNonBindableDirective,
+    ngPluralizeDirective,
+    ngRepeatDirective,
+    ngShowDirective,
+    ngStyleDirective,
+    ngSwitchDirective,
+    ngSwitchWhenDirective,
+    ngSwitchDefaultDirective,
+    ngOptionsDirective,
+    ngTranscludeDirective,
+    ngModelDirective,
+    ngListDirective,
+    ngChangeDirective,
+    requiredDirective,
+    requiredDirective,
+    ngValueDirective,
+    ngAttributeAliasDirectives,
+    ngEventDirectives,
+
+    $AnchorScrollProvider,
+    $AnimateProvider,
+    $BrowserProvider,
+    $CacheFactoryProvider,
+    $ControllerProvider,
+    $DocumentProvider,
+    $ExceptionHandlerProvider,
+    $FilterProvider,
+    $InterpolateProvider,
+    $IntervalProvider,
+    $HttpProvider,
+    $HttpBackendProvider,
+    $LocationProvider,
+    $LogProvider,
+    $ParseProvider,
+    $RootScopeProvider,
+    $QProvider,
+    $$SanitizeUriProvider,
+    $SceProvider,
+    $SceDelegateProvider,
+    $SnifferProvider,
+    $TemplateCacheProvider,
+    $TimeoutProvider,
+    $WindowProvider
+*/
+
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc property
+ * @name angular.version
+ * @description
+ * An object that contains information about the current AngularJS version. This object has the
+ * following properties:
+ *
+ * - `full` – `{string}` – Full version string, such as "0.9.18".
+ * - `major` – `{number}` – Major version number, such as "0".
+ * - `minor` – `{number}` – Minor version number, such as "9".
+ * - `dot` – `{number}` – Dot version number, such as "18".
+ * - `codeName` – `{string}` – Code name of the release, such as "jiggling-armfat".
+ */
+var version = {
+  full: '1.2.5',    // all of these placeholder strings will be replaced by grunt's
+  major: 1,    // package task
+  minor: 2,
+  dot: 5,
+  codeName: 'singularity-expansion'
+};
+
+
+function publishExternalAPI(angular){
+  extend(angular, {
+    'bootstrap': bootstrap,
+    'copy': copy,
+    'extend': extend,
+    'equals': equals,
+    'element': jqLite,
+    'forEach': forEach,
+    'injector': createInjector,
+    'noop':noop,
+    'bind':bind,
+    'toJson': toJson,
+    'fromJson': fromJson,
+    'identity':identity,
+    'isUndefined': isUndefined,
+    'isDefined': isDefined,
+    'isString': isString,
+    'isFunction': isFunction,
+    'isObject': isObject,
+    'isNumber': isNumber,
+    'isElement': isElement,
+    'isArray': isArray,
+    'version': version,
+    'isDate': isDate,
+    'lowercase': lowercase,
+    'uppercase': uppercase,
+    'callbacks': {counter: 0},
+    '$$minErr': minErr,
+    '$$csp': csp
+  });
+
+  angularModule = setupModuleLoader(window);
+  try {
+    angularModule('ngLocale');
+  } catch (e) {
+    angularModule('ngLocale', []).provider('$locale', $LocaleProvider);
+  }
+
+  angularModule('ng', ['ngLocale'], ['$provide',
+    function ngModule($provide) {
+      // $$sanitizeUriProvider needs to be before $compileProvider as it is used by it.
+      $provide.provider({
+        $$sanitizeUri: $$SanitizeUriProvider
+      });
+      $provide.provider('$compile', $CompileProvider).
+        directive({
+            a: htmlAnchorDirective,
+            input: inputDirective,
+            textarea: inputDirective,
+            form: formDirective,
+            script: scriptDirective,
+            select: selectDirective,
+            style: styleDirective,
+            option: optionDirective,
+            ngBind: ngBindDirective,
+            ngBindHtml: ngBindHtmlDirective,
+            ngBindTemplate: ngBindTemplateDirective,
+            ngClass: ngClassDirective,
+            ngClassEven: ngClassEvenDirective,
+            ngClassOdd: ngClassOddDirective,
+            ngCloak: ngCloakDirective,
+            ngController: ngControllerDirective,
+            ngForm: ngFormDirective,
+            ngHide: ngHideDirective,
+            ngIf: ngIfDirective,
+            ngInclude: ngIncludeDirective,
+            ngInit: ngInitDirective,
+            ngNonBindable: ngNonBindableDirective,
+            ngPluralize: ngPluralizeDirective,
+            ngRepeat: ngRepeatDirective,
+            ngShow: ngShowDirective,
+            ngStyle: ngStyleDirective,
+            ngSwitch: ngSwitchDirective,
+            ngSwitchWhen: ngSwitchWhenDirective,
+            ngSwitchDefault: ngSwitchDefaultDirective,
+            ngOptions: ngOptionsDirective,
+            ngTransclude: ngTranscludeDirective,
+            ngModel: ngModelDirective,
+            ngList: ngListDirective,
+            ngChange: ngChangeDirective,
+            required: requiredDirective,
+            ngRequired: requiredDirective,
+            ngValue: ngValueDirective
+        }).
+        directive({
+          ngInclude: ngIncludeFillContentDirective
+        }).
+        directive(ngAttributeAliasDirectives).
+        directive(ngEventDirectives);
+      $provide.provider({
+        $anchorScroll: $AnchorScrollProvider,
+        $animate: $AnimateProvider,
+        $browser: $BrowserProvider,
+        $cacheFactory: $CacheFactoryProvider,
+        $controller: $ControllerProvider,
+        $document: $DocumentProvider,
+        $exceptionHandler: $ExceptionHandlerProvider,
+        $filter: $FilterProvider,
+        $interpolate: $InterpolateProvider,
+        $interval: $IntervalProvider,
+        $http: $HttpProvider,
+        $httpBackend: $HttpBackendProvider,
+        $location: $LocationProvider,
+        $log: $LogProvider,
+        $parse: $ParseProvider,
+        $rootScope: $RootScopeProvider,
+        $q: $QProvider,
+        $sce: $SceProvider,
+        $sceDelegate: $SceDelegateProvider,
+        $sniffer: $SnifferProvider,
+        $templateCache: $TemplateCacheProvider,
+        $timeout: $TimeoutProvider,
+        $window: $WindowProvider
+      });
+    }
+  ]);
+}
+
+/* global
+
+  -JQLitePrototype,
+  -addEventListenerFn,
+  -removeEventListenerFn,
+  -BOOLEAN_ATTR
+*/
+
+//////////////////////////////////
+//JQLite
+//////////////////////////////////
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc function
+ * @name angular.element
+ * @function
+ *
+ * @description
+ * Wraps a raw DOM element or HTML string as a [jQuery](http://jquery.com) element.
+ *
+ * If jQuery is available, `angular.element` is an alias for the
+ * [jQuery](http://api.jquery.com/jQuery/) function. If jQuery is not available, `angular.element`
+ * delegates to Angular's built-in subset of jQuery, called "jQuery lite" or "jqLite."
+ *
+ * <div class="alert alert-success">jqLite is a tiny, API-compatible subset of jQuery that allows
+ * Angular to manipulate the DOM in a cross-browser compatible way. **jqLite** implements only the most
+ * commonly needed functionality with the goal of having a very small footprint.</div>
+ *
+ * To use jQuery, simply load it before `DOMContentLoaded` event fired.
+ *
+ * <div class="alert">**Note:** all element references in Angular are always wrapped with jQuery or
+ * jqLite; they are never raw DOM references.</div>
+ *
+ * ## Angular's jqLite
+ * jqLite provides only the following jQuery methods:
+ *
+ * - [`addClass()`](http://api.jquery.com/addClass/)
+ * - [`after()`](http://api.jquery.com/after/)
+ * - [`append()`](http://api.jquery.com/append/)
+ * - [`attr()`](http://api.jquery.com/attr/)
+ * - [`bind()`](http://api.jquery.com/on/) - Does not support namespaces, selectors or eventData
+ * - [`children()`](http://api.jquery.com/children/) - Does not support selectors
+ * - [`clone()`](http://api.jquery.com/clone/)
+ * - [`contents()`](http://api.jquery.com/contents/)
+ * - [`css()`](http://api.jquery.com/css/)
+ * - [`data()`](http://api.jquery.com/data/)
+ * - [`empty()`](http://api.jquery.com/empty/)
+ * - [`eq()`](http://api.jquery.com/eq/)
+ * - [`find()`](http://api.jquery.com/find/) - Limited to lookups by tag name
+ * - [`hasClass()`](http://api.jquery.com/hasClass/)
+ * - [`html()`](http://api.jquery.com/html/)
+ * - [`next()`](http://api.jquery.com/next/) - Does not support selectors
+ * - [`on()`](http://api.jquery.com/on/) - Does not support namespaces, selectors or eventData
+ * - [`off()`](http://api.jquery.com/off/) - Does not support namespaces or selectors
+ * - [`parent()`](http://api.jquery.com/parent/) - Does not support selectors
+ * - [`prepend()`](http://api.jquery.com/prepend/)
+ * - [`prop()`](http://api.jquery.com/prop/)
+ * - [`ready()`](http://api.jquery.com/ready/)
+ * - [`remove()`](http://api.jquery.com/remove/)
+ * - [`removeAttr()`](http://api.jquery.com/removeAttr/)
+ * - [`removeClass()`](http://api.jquery.com/removeClass/)
+ * - [`removeData()`](http://api.jquery.com/removeData/)
+ * - [`replaceWith()`](http://api.jquery.com/replaceWith/)
+ * - [`text()`](http://api.jquery.com/text/)
+ * - [`toggleClass()`](http://api.jquery.com/toggleClass/)
+ * - [`triggerHandler()`](http://api.jquery.com/triggerHandler/) - Passes a dummy event object to handlers.
+ * - [`unbind()`](http://api.jquery.com/off/) - Does not support namespaces
+ * - [`val()`](http://api.jquery.com/val/)
+ * - [`wrap()`](http://api.jquery.com/wrap/)
+ *
+ * ## jQuery/jqLite Extras
+ * Angular also provides the following additional methods and events to both jQuery and jqLite:
+ *
+ * ### Events
+ * - `$destroy` - AngularJS intercepts all jqLite/jQuery's DOM destruction apis and fires this event
+ *    on all DOM nodes being removed.  This can be used to clean up any 3rd party bindings to the DOM
+ *    element before it is removed.
+ *
+ * ### Methods
+ * - `controller(name)` - retrieves the controller of the current element or its parent. By default
+ *   retrieves controller associated with the `ngController` directive. If `name` is provided as
+ *   camelCase directive name, then the controller for this directive will be retrieved (e.g.
+ *   `'ngModel'`).
+ * - `injector()` - retrieves the injector of the current element or its parent.
+ * - `scope()` - retrieves the {@link api/ng.$rootScope.Scope scope} of the current
+ *   element or its parent.
+ * - `isolateScope()` - retrieves an isolate {@link api/ng.$rootScope.Scope scope} if one is attached directly to the
+ *   current element. This getter should be used only on elements that contain a directive which starts a new isolate
+ *   scope. Calling `scope()` on this element always returns the original non-isolate scope.
+ * - `inheritedData()` - same as `data()`, but walks up the DOM until a value is found or the top
+ *   parent element is reached.
+ *
+ * @param {string|DOMElement} element HTML string or DOMElement to be wrapped into jQuery.
+ * @returns {Object} jQuery object.
+ */
+
+var jqCache = JQLite.cache = {},
+    jqName = JQLite.expando = 'ng-' + new Date().getTime(),
+    jqId = 1,
+    addEventListenerFn = (window.document.addEventListener
+      ? function(element, type, fn) {element.addEventListener(type, fn, false);}
+      : function(element, type, fn) {element.attachEvent('on' + type, fn);}),
+    removeEventListenerFn = (window.document.removeEventListener
+      ? function(element, type, fn) {element.removeEventListener(type, fn, false); }
+      : function(element, type, fn) {element.detachEvent('on' + type, fn); });
+
+function jqNextId() { return ++jqId; }
+
+
+var SPECIAL_CHARS_REGEXP = /([\:\-\_]+(.))/g;
+var MOZ_HACK_REGEXP = /^moz([A-Z])/;
+var jqLiteMinErr = minErr('jqLite');
+
+/**
+ * Converts snake_case to camelCase.
+ * Also there is special case for Moz prefix starting with upper case letter.
+ * @param name Name to normalize
+ */
+function camelCase(name) {
+  return name.
+    replace(SPECIAL_CHARS_REGEXP, function(_, separator, letter, offset) {
+      return offset ? letter.toUpperCase() : letter;
+    }).
+    replace(MOZ_HACK_REGEXP, 'Moz$1');
+}
+
+/////////////////////////////////////////////
+// jQuery mutation patch
+//
+// In conjunction with bindJQuery intercepts all jQuery's DOM destruction apis and fires a
+// $destroy event on all DOM nodes being removed.
+//
+/////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+function jqLitePatchJQueryRemove(name, dispatchThis, filterElems, getterIfNoArguments) {
+  var originalJqFn = jQuery.fn[name];
+  originalJqFn = originalJqFn.$original || originalJqFn;
+  removePatch.$original = originalJqFn;
+  jQuery.fn[name] = removePatch;
+
+  function removePatch(param) {
+    // jshint -W040
+    var list = filterElems && param ? [this.filter(param)] : [this],
+        fireEvent = dispatchThis,
+        set, setIndex, setLength,
+        element, childIndex, childLength, children;
+
+    if (!getterIfNoArguments || param != null) {
+      while(list.length) {
+        set = list.shift();
+        for(setIndex = 0, setLength = set.length; setIndex < setLength; setIndex++) {
+          element = jqLite(set[setIndex]);
+          if (fireEvent) {
+            element.triggerHandler('$destroy');
+          } else {
+            fireEvent = !fireEvent;
+          }
+          for(childIndex = 0, childLength = (children = element.children()).length;
+              childIndex < childLength;
+              childIndex++) {
+            list.push(jQuery(children[childIndex]));
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+    return originalJqFn.apply(this, arguments);
+  }
+}
+
+/////////////////////////////////////////////
+function JQLite(element) {
+  if (element instanceof JQLite) {
+    return element;
+  }
+  if (!(this instanceof JQLite)) {
+    if (isString(element) && element.charAt(0) != '<') {
+      throw jqLiteMinErr('nosel', 'Looking up elements via selectors is not supported by jqLite! See: http://docs.angularjs.org/api/angular.element');
+    }
+    return new JQLite(element);
+  }
+
+  if (isString(element)) {
+    var div = document.createElement('div');
+    // Read about the NoScope elements here:
+    // http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms533897(VS.85).aspx
+    div.innerHTML = '<div>&#160;</div>' + element; // IE insanity to make NoScope elements work!
+    div.removeChild(div.firstChild); // remove the superfluous div
+    jqLiteAddNodes(this, div.childNodes);
+    var fragment = jqLite(document.createDocumentFragment());
+    fragment.append(this); // detach the elements from the temporary DOM div.
+  } else {
+    jqLiteAddNodes(this, element);
+  }
+}
+
+function jqLiteClone(element) {
+  return element.cloneNode(true);
+}
+
+function jqLiteDealoc(element){
+  jqLiteRemoveData(element);
+  for ( var i = 0, children = element.childNodes || []; i < children.length; i++) {
+    jqLiteDealoc(children[i]);
+  }
+}
+
+function jqLiteOff(element, type, fn, unsupported) {
+  if (isDefined(unsupported)) throw jqLiteMinErr('offargs', 'jqLite#off() does not support the `selector` argument');
+
+  var events = jqLiteExpandoStore(element, 'events'),
+      handle = jqLiteExpandoStore(element, 'handle');
+
+  if (!handle) return; //no listeners registered
+
+  if (isUndefined(type)) {
+    forEach(events, function(eventHandler, type) {
+      removeEventListenerFn(element, type, eventHandler);
+      delete events[type];
+    });
+  } else {
+    forEach(type.split(' '), function(type) {
+      if (isUndefined(fn)) {
+        removeEventListenerFn(element, type, events[type]);
+        delete events[type];
+      } else {
+        arrayRemove(events[type] || [], fn);
+      }
+    });
+  }
+}
+
+function jqLiteRemoveData(element, name) {
+  var expandoId = element[jqName],
+      expandoStore = jqCache[expandoId];
+
+  if (expandoStore) {
+    if (name) {
+      delete jqCache[expandoId].data[name];
+      return;
+    }
+
+    if (expandoStore.handle) {
+      expandoStore.events.$destroy && expandoStore.handle({}, '$destroy');
+      jqLiteOff(element);
+    }
+    delete jqCache[expandoId];
+    element[jqName] = undefined; // ie does not allow deletion of attributes on elements.
+  }
+}
+
+function jqLiteExpandoStore(element, key, value) {
+  var expandoId = element[jqName],
+      expandoStore = jqCache[expandoId || -1];
+
+  if (isDefined(value)) {
+    if (!expandoStore) {
+      element[jqName] = expandoId = jqNextId();
+      expandoStore = jqCache[expandoId] = {};
+    }
+    expandoStore[key] = value;
+  } else {
+    return expandoStore && expandoStore[key];
+  }
+}
+
+function jqLiteData(element, key, value) {
+  var data = jqLiteExpandoStore(element, 'data'),
+      isSetter = isDefined(value),
+      keyDefined = !isSetter && isDefined(key),
+      isSimpleGetter = keyDefined && !isObject(key);
+
+  if (!data && !isSimpleGetter) {
+    jqLiteExpandoStore(element, 'data', data = {});
+  }
+
+  if (isSetter) {
+    data[key] = value;
+  } else {
+    if (keyDefined) {
+      if (isSimpleGetter) {
+        // don't create data in this case.
+        return data && data[key];
+      } else {
+        extend(data, key);
+      }
+    } else {
+      return data;
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+function jqLiteHasClass(element, selector) {
+  if (!element.getAttribute) return false;
+  return ((" " + (element.getAttribute('class') || '') + " ").replace(/[\n\t]/g, " ").
+      indexOf( " " + selector + " " ) > -1);
+}
+
+function jqLiteRemoveClass(element, cssClasses) {
+  if (cssClasses && element.setAttribute) {
+    forEach(cssClasses.split(' '), function(cssClass) {
+      element.setAttribute('class', trim(
+          (" " + (element.getAttribute('class') || '') + " ")
+          .replace(/[\n\t]/g, " ")
+          .replace(" " + trim(cssClass) + " ", " "))
+      );
+    });
+  }
+}
+
+function jqLiteAddClass(element, cssClasses) {
+  if (cssClasses && element.setAttribute) {
+    var existingClasses = (' ' + (element.getAttribute('class') || '') + ' ')
+                            .replace(/[\n\t]/g, " ");
+
+    forEach(cssClasses.split(' '), function(cssClass) {
+      cssClass = trim(cssClass);
+      if (existingClasses.indexOf(' ' + cssClass + ' ') === -1) {
+        existingClasses += cssClass + ' ';
+      }
+    });
+
+    element.setAttribute('class', trim(existingClasses));
+  }
+}
+
+function jqLiteAddNodes(root, elements) {
+  if (elements) {
+    elements = (!elements.nodeName && isDefined(elements.length) && !isWindow(elements))
+      ? elements
+      : [ elements ];
+    for(var i=0; i < elements.length; i++) {
+      root.push(elements[i]);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+function jqLiteController(element, name) {
+  return jqLiteInheritedData(element, '$' + (name || 'ngController' ) + 'Controller');
+}
+
+function jqLiteInheritedData(element, name, value) {
+  element = jqLite(element);
+
+  // if element is the document object work with the html element instead
+  // this makes $(document).scope() possible
+  if(element[0].nodeType == 9) {
+    element = element.find('html');
+  }
+  var names = isArray(name) ? name : [name];
+
+  while (element.length) {
+
+    for (var i = 0, ii = names.length; i < ii; i++) {
+      if ((value = element.data(names[i])) !== undefined) return value;
+    }
+    element = element.parent();
+  }
+}
+
+function jqLiteEmpty(element) {
+  for (var i = 0, childNodes = element.childNodes; i < childNodes.length; i++) {
+    jqLiteDealoc(childNodes[i]);
+  }
+  while (element.firstChild) {
+    element.removeChild(element.firstChild);
+  }
+}
+
+//////////////////////////////////////////
+// Functions which are declared directly.
+//////////////////////////////////////////
+var JQLitePrototype = JQLite.prototype = {
+  ready: function(fn) {
+    var fired = false;
+
+    function trigger() {
+      if (fired) return;
+      fired = true;
+      fn();
+    }
+
+    // check if document already is loaded
+    if (document.readyState === 'complete'){
+      setTimeout(trigger);
+    } else {
+      this.on('DOMContentLoaded', trigger); // works for modern browsers and IE9
+      // we can not use jqLite since we are not done loading and jQuery could be loaded later.
+      // jshint -W064
+      JQLite(window).on('load', trigger); // fallback to window.onload for others
+      // jshint +W064
+    }
+  },
+  toString: function() {
+    var value = [];
+    forEach(this, function(e){ value.push('' + e);});
+    return '[' + value.join(', ') + ']';
+  },
+
+  eq: function(index) {
+      return (index >= 0) ? jqLite(this[index]) : jqLite(this[this.length + index]);
+  },
+
+  length: 0,
+  push: push,
+  sort: [].sort,
+  splice: [].splice
+};
+
+//////////////////////////////////////////
+// Functions iterating getter/setters.
+// these functions return self on setter and
+// value on get.
+//////////////////////////////////////////
+var BOOLEAN_ATTR = {};
+forEach('multiple,selected,checked,disabled,readOnly,required,open'.split(','), function(value) {
+  BOOLEAN_ATTR[lowercase(value)] = value;
+});
+var BOOLEAN_ELEMENTS = {};
+forEach('input,select,option,textarea,button,form,details'.split(','), function(value) {
+  BOOLEAN_ELEMENTS[uppercase(value)] = true;
+});
+
+function getBooleanAttrName(element, name) {
+  // check dom last since we will most likely fail on name
+  var booleanAttr = BOOLEAN_ATTR[name.toLowerCase()];
+
+  // booleanAttr is here twice to minimize DOM access
+  return booleanAttr && BOOLEAN_ELEMENTS[element.nodeName] && booleanAttr;
+}
+
+forEach({
+  data: jqLiteData,
+  inheritedData: jqLiteInheritedData,
+
+  scope: function(element) {
+    // Can't use jqLiteData here directly so we stay compatible with jQuery!
+    return jqLite(element).data('$scope') || jqLiteInheritedData(element.parentNode || element, ['$isolateScope', '$scope']);
+  },
+
+  isolateScope: function(element) {
+    // Can't use jqLiteData here directly so we stay compatible with jQuery!
+    return jqLite(element).data('$isolateScope') || jqLite(element).data('$isolateScopeNoTemplate');
+  },
+
+  controller: jqLiteController ,
+
+  injector: function(element) {
+    return jqLiteInheritedData(element, '$injector');
+  },
+
+  removeAttr: function(element,name) {
+    element.removeAttribute(name);
+  },
+
+  hasClass: jqLiteHasClass,
+
+  css: function(element, name, value) {
+    name = camelCase(name);
+
+    if (isDefined(value)) {
+      element.style[name] = value;
+    } else {
+      var val;
+
+      if (msie <= 8) {
+        // this is some IE specific weirdness that jQuery 1.6.4 does not sure why
+        val = element.currentStyle && element.currentStyle[name];
+        if (val === '') val = 'auto';
+      }
+
+      val = val || element.style[name];
+
+      if (msie <= 8) {
+        // jquery weirdness :-/
+        val = (val === '') ? undefined : val;
+      }
+
+      return  val;
+    }
+  },
+
+  attr: function(element, name, value){
+    var lowercasedName = lowercase(name);
+    if (BOOLEAN_ATTR[lowercasedName]) {
+      if (isDefined(value)) {
+        if (!!value) {
+          element[name] = true;
+          element.setAttribute(name, lowercasedName);
+        } else {
+          element[name] = false;
+          element.removeAttribute(lowercasedName);
+        }
+      } else {
+        return (element[name] ||
+                 (element.attributes.getNamedItem(name)|| noop).specified)
+               ? lowercasedName
+               : undefined;
+      }
+    } else if (isDefined(value)) {
+      element.setAttribute(name, value);
+    } else if (element.getAttribute) {
+      // the extra argument "2" is to get the right thing for a.href in IE, see jQuery code
+      // some elements (e.g. Document) don't have get attribute, so return undefined
+      var ret = element.getAttribute(name, 2);
+      // normalize non-existing attributes to undefined (as jQuery)
+      return ret === null ? undefined : ret;
+    }
+  },
+
+  prop: function(element, name, value) {
+    if (isDefined(value)) {
+      element[name] = value;
+    } else {
+      return element[name];
+    }
+  },
+
+  text: (function() {
+    var NODE_TYPE_TEXT_PROPERTY = [];
+    if (msie < 9) {
+      NODE_TYPE_TEXT_PROPERTY[1] = 'innerText';    /** Element **/
+      NODE_TYPE_TEXT_PROPERTY[3] = 'nodeValue';    /** Text **/
+    } else {
+      NODE_TYPE_TEXT_PROPERTY[1] =                 /** Element **/
+      NODE_TYPE_TEXT_PROPERTY[3] = 'textContent';  /** Text **/
+    }
+    getText.$dv = '';
+    return getText;
+
+    function getText(element, value) {
+      var textProp = NODE_TYPE_TEXT_PROPERTY[element.nodeType];
+      if (isUndefined(value)) {
+        return textProp ? element[textProp] : '';
+      }
+      element[textProp] = value;
+    }
+  })(),
+
+  val: function(element, value) {
+    if (isUndefined(value)) {
+      if (nodeName_(element) === 'SELECT' && element.multiple) {
+        var result = [];
+        forEach(element.options, function (option) {
+          if (option.selected) {
+            result.push(option.value || option.text);
+          }
+        });
+        return result.length === 0 ? null : result;
+      }
+      return element.value;
+    }
+    element.value = value;
+  },
+
+  html: function(element, value) {
+    if (isUndefined(value)) {
+      return element.innerHTML;
+    }
+    for (var i = 0, childNodes = element.childNodes; i < childNodes.length; i++) {
+      jqLiteDealoc(childNodes[i]);
+    }
+    element.innerHTML = value;
+  },
+
+  empty: jqLiteEmpty
+}, function(fn, name){
+  /**
+   * Properties: writes return selection, reads return first value
+   */
+  JQLite.prototype[name] = function(arg1, arg2) {
+    var i, key;
+
+    // jqLiteHasClass has only two arguments, but is a getter-only fn, so we need to special-case it
+    // in a way that survives minification.
+    // jqLiteEmpty takes no arguments but is a setter.
+    if (fn !== jqLiteEmpty &&
+        (((fn.length == 2 && (fn !== jqLiteHasClass && fn !== jqLiteController)) ? arg1 : arg2) === undefined)) {
+      if (isObject(arg1)) {
+
+        // we are a write, but the object properties are the key/values
+        for (i = 0; i < this.length; i++) {
+          if (fn === jqLiteData) {
+            // data() takes the whole object in jQuery
+            fn(this[i], arg1);
+          } else {
+            for (key in arg1) {
+              fn(this[i], key, arg1[key]);
+            }
+          }
+        }
+        // return self for chaining
+        return this;
+      } else {
+        // we are a read, so read the first child.
+        var value = fn.$dv;
+        // Only if we have $dv do we iterate over all, otherwise it is just the first element.
+        var jj = (value === undefined) ? Math.min(this.length, 1) : this.length;
+        for (var j = 0; j < jj; j++) {
+          var nodeValue = fn(this[j], arg1, arg2);
+          value = value ? value + nodeValue : nodeValue;
+        }
+        return value;
+      }
+    } else {
+      // we are a write, so apply to all children
+      for (i = 0; i < this.length; i++) {
+        fn(this[i], arg1, arg2);
+      }
+      // return self for chaining
+      return this;
+    }
+  };
+});
+
+function createEventHandler(element, events) {
+  var eventHandler = function (event, type) {
+    if (!event.preventDefault) {
+      event.preventDefault = function() {
+        event.returnValue = false; //ie
+      };
+    }
+
+    if (!event.stopPropagation) {
+      event.stopPropagation = function() {
+        event.cancelBubble = true; //ie
+      };
+    }
+
+    if (!event.target) {
+      event.target = event.srcElement || document;
+    }
+
+    if (isUndefined(event.defaultPrevented)) {
+      var prevent = event.preventDefault;
+      event.preventDefault = function() {
+        event.defaultPrevented = true;
+        prevent.call(event);
+      };
+      event.defaultPrevented = false;
+    }
+
+    event.isDefaultPrevented = function() {
+      return event.defaultPrevented || event.returnValue === false;
+    };
+
+    forEach(events[type || event.type], function(fn) {
+      fn.call(element, event);
+    });
+
+    // Remove monkey-patched methods (IE),
+    // as they would cause memory leaks in IE8.
+    if (msie <= 8) {
+      // IE7/8 does not allow to delete property on native object
+      event.preventDefault = null;
+      event.stopPropagation = null;
+      event.isDefaultPrevented = null;
+    } else {
+      // It shouldn't affect normal browsers (native methods are defined on prototype).
+      delete event.preventDefault;
+      delete event.stopPropagation;
+      delete event.isDefaultPrevented;
+    }
+  };
+  eventHandler.elem = element;
+  return eventHandler;
+}
+
+//////////////////////////////////////////
+// Functions iterating traversal.
+// These functions chain results into a single
+// selector.
+//////////////////////////////////////////
+forEach({
+  removeData: jqLiteRemoveData,
+
+  dealoc: jqLiteDealoc,
+
+  on: function onFn(element, type, fn, unsupported){
+    if (isDefined(unsupported)) throw jqLiteMinErr('onargs', 'jqLite#on() does not support the `selector` or `eventData` parameters');
+
+    var events = jqLiteExpandoStore(element, 'events'),
+        handle = jqLiteExpandoStore(element, 'handle');
+
+    if (!events) jqLiteExpandoStore(element, 'events', events = {});
+    if (!handle) jqLiteExpandoStore(element, 'handle', handle = createEventHandler(element, events));
+
+    forEach(type.split(' '), function(type){
+      var eventFns = events[type];
+
+      if (!eventFns) {
+        if (type == 'mouseenter' || type == 'mouseleave') {
+          var contains = document.body.contains || document.body.compareDocumentPosition ?
+          function( a, b ) {
+            // jshint bitwise: false
+            var adown = a.nodeType === 9 ? a.documentElement : a,
+            bup = b && b.parentNode;
+            return a === bup || !!( bup && bup.nodeType === 1 && (
+              adown.contains ?
+              adown.contains( bup ) :
+              a.compareDocumentPosition && a.compareDocumentPosition( bup ) & 16
+              ));
+            } :
+            function( a, b ) {
+              if ( b ) {
+                while ( (b = b.parentNode) ) {
+                  if ( b === a ) {
+                    return true;
+                  }
+                }
+              }
+              return false;
+            };
+
+          events[type] = [];
+
+          // Refer to jQuery's implementation of mouseenter & mouseleave
+          // Read about mouseenter and mouseleave:
+          // http://www.quirksmode.org/js/events_mouse.html#link8
+          var eventmap = { mouseleave : "mouseout", mouseenter : "mouseover"};
+
+          onFn(element, eventmap[type], function(event) {
+            var target = this, related = event.relatedTarget;
+            // For mousenter/leave call the handler if related is outside the target.
+            // NB: No relatedTarget if the mouse left/entered the browser window
+            if ( !related || (related !== target && !contains(target, related)) ){
+              handle(event, type);
+            }
+          });
+
+        } else {
+          addEventListenerFn(element, type, handle);
+          events[type] = [];
+        }
+        eventFns = events[type];
+      }
+      eventFns.push(fn);
+    });
+  },
+
+  off: jqLiteOff,
+
+  replaceWith: function(element, replaceNode) {
+    var index, parent = element.parentNode;
+    jqLiteDealoc(element);
+    forEach(new JQLite(replaceNode), function(node){
+      if (index) {
+        parent.insertBefore(node, index.nextSibling);
+      } else {
+        parent.replaceChild(node, element);
+      }
+      index = node;
+    });
+  },
+
+  children: function(element) {
+    var children = [];
+    forEach(element.childNodes, function(element){
+      if (element.nodeType === 1)
+        children.push(element);
+    });
+    return children;
+  },
+
+  contents: function(element) {
+    return element.childNodes || [];
+  },
+
+  append: function(element, node) {
+    forEach(new JQLite(node), function(child){
+      if (element.nodeType === 1 || element.nodeType === 11) {
+        element.appendChild(child);
+      }
+    });
+  },
+
+  prepend: function(element, node) {
+    if (element.nodeType === 1) {
+      var index = element.firstChild;
+      forEach(new JQLite(node), function(child){
+        element.insertBefore(child, index);
+      });
+    }
+  },
+
+  wrap: function(element, wrapNode) {
+    wrapNode = jqLite(wrapNode)[0];
+    var parent = element.parentNode;
+    if (parent) {
+      parent.replaceChild(wrapNode, element);
+    }
+    wrapNode.appendChild(element);
+  },
+
+  remove: function(element) {
+    jqLiteDealoc(element);
+    var parent = element.parentNode;
+    if (parent) parent.removeChild(element);
+  },
+
+  after: function(element, newElement) {
+    var index = element, parent = element.parentNode;
+    forEach(new JQLite(newElement), function(node){
+      parent.insertBefore(node, index.nextSibling);
+      index = node;
+    });
+  },
+
+  addClass: jqLiteAddClass,
+  removeClass: jqLiteRemoveClass,
+
+  toggleClass: function(element, selector, condition) {
+    if (isUndefined(condition)) {
+      condition = !jqLiteHasClass(element, selector);
+    }
+    (condition ? jqLiteAddClass : jqLiteRemoveClass)(element, selector);
+  },
+
+  parent: function(element) {
+    var parent = element.parentNode;
+    return parent && parent.nodeType !== 11 ? parent : null;
+  },
+
+  next: function(element) {
+    if (element.nextElementSibling) {
+      return element.nextElementSibling;
+    }
+
+    // IE8 doesn't have nextElementSibling
+    var elm = element.nextSibling;
+    while (elm != null && elm.nodeType !== 1) {
+      elm = elm.nextSibling;
+    }
+    return elm;
+  },
+
+  find: function(element, selector) {
+    if (element.getElementsByTagName) {
+      return element.getElementsByTagName(selector);
+    } else {
+      return [];
+    }
+  },
+
+  clone: jqLiteClone,
+
+  triggerHandler: function(element, eventName, eventData) {
+    var eventFns = (jqLiteExpandoStore(element, 'events') || {})[eventName];
+
+    eventData = eventData || [];
+
+    var event = [{
+      preventDefault: noop,
+      stopPropagation: noop
+    }];
+
+    forEach(eventFns, function(fn) {
+      fn.apply(element, event.concat(eventData));
+    });
+  }
+}, function(fn, name){
+  /**
+   * chaining functions
+   */
+  JQLite.prototype[name] = function(arg1, arg2, arg3) {
+    var value;
+    for(var i=0; i < this.length; i++) {
+      if (isUndefined(value)) {
+        value = fn(this[i], arg1, arg2, arg3);
+        if (isDefined(value)) {
+          // any function which returns a value needs to be wrapped
+          value = jqLite(value);
+        }
+      } else {
+        jqLiteAddNodes(value, fn(this[i], arg1, arg2, arg3));
+      }
+    }
+    return isDefined(value) ? value : this;
+  };
+
+  // bind legacy bind/unbind to on/off
+  JQLite.prototype.bind = JQLite.prototype.on;
+  JQLite.prototype.unbind = JQLite.prototype.off;
+});
+
+/**
+ * Computes a hash of an 'obj'.
+ * Hash of a:
+ *  string is string
+ *  number is number as string
+ *  object is either result of calling $$hashKey function on the object or uniquely generated id,
+ *         that is also assigned to the $$hashKey property of the object.
+ *
+ * @param obj
+ * @returns {string} hash string such that the same input will have the same hash string.
+ *         The resulting string key is in 'type:hashKey' format.
+ */
+function hashKey(obj) {
+  var objType = typeof obj,
+      key;
+
+  if (objType == 'object' && obj !== null) {
+    if (typeof (key = obj.$$hashKey) == 'function') {
+      // must invoke on object to keep the right this
+      key = obj.$$hashKey();
+    } else if (key === undefined) {
+      key = obj.$$hashKey = nextUid();
+    }
+  } else {
+    key = obj;
+  }
+
+  return objType + ':' + key;
+}
+
+/**
+ * HashMap which can use objects as keys
+ */
+function HashMap(array){
+  forEach(array, this.put, this);
+}
+HashMap.prototype = {
+  /**
+   * Store key value pair
+   * @param key key to store can be any type
+   * @param value value to store can be any type
+   */
+  put: function(key, value) {
+    this[hashKey(key)] = value;
+  },
+
+  /**
+   * @param key
+   * @returns the value for the key
+   */
+  get: function(key) {
+    return this[hashKey(key)];
+  },
+
+  /**
+   * Remove the key/value pair
+   * @param key
+   */
+  remove: function(key) {
+    var value = this[key = hashKey(key)];
+    delete this[key];
+    return value;
+  }
+};
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc function
+ * @name angular.injector
+ * @function
+ *
+ * @description
+ * Creates an injector function that can be used for retrieving services as well as for
+ * dependency injection (see {@link guide/di dependency injection}).
+ *
+
+ * @param {Array.<string|Function>} modules A list of module functions or their aliases. See
+ *        {@link angular.module}. The `ng` module must be explicitly added.
+ * @returns {function()} Injector function. See {@link AUTO.$injector $injector}.
+ *
+ * @example
+ * Typical usage
+ * <pre>
+ *   // create an injector
+ *   var $injector = angular.injector(['ng']);
+ *
+ *   // use the injector to kick off your application
+ *   // use the type inference to auto inject arguments, or use implicit injection
+ *   $injector.invoke(function($rootScope, $compile, $document){
+ *     $compile($document)($rootScope);
+ *     $rootScope.$digest();
+ *   });
+ * </pre>
+ *
+ * Sometimes you want to get access to the injector of a currently running Angular app
+ * from outside Angular. Perhaps, you want to inject and compile some markup after the
+ * application has been bootstrapped. You can do this using extra `injector()` added
+ * to JQuery/jqLite elements. See {@link angular.element}.
+ *
+ * *This is fairly rare but could be the case if a third party library is injecting the
+ * markup.*
+ *
+ * In the following example a new block of HTML containing a `ng-controller`
+ * directive is added to the end of the document body by JQuery. We then compile and link
+ * it into the current AngularJS scope.
+ *
+ * <pre>
+ * var $div = $('<div ng-controller="MyCtrl">{{content.label}}</div>');
+ * $(document.body).append($div);
+ *
+ * angular.element(document).injector().invoke(function($compile) {
+ *   var scope = angular.element($div).scope();
+ *   $compile($div)(scope);
+ * });
+ * </pre>
+ */
+
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc overview
+ * @name AUTO
+ * @description
+ *
+ * Implicit module which gets automatically added to each {@link AUTO.$injector $injector}.
+ */
+
+var FN_ARGS = /^function\s*[^\(]*\(\s*([^\)]*)\)/m;
+var FN_ARG_SPLIT = /,/;
+var FN_ARG = /^\s*(_?)(\S+?)\1\s*$/;
+var STRIP_COMMENTS = /((\/\/.*$)|(\/\*[\s\S]*?\*\/))/mg;
+var $injectorMinErr = minErr('$injector');
+function annotate(fn) {
+  var $inject,
+      fnText,
+      argDecl,
+      last;
+
+  if (typeof fn == 'function') {
+    if (!($inject = fn.$inject)) {
+      $inject = [];
+      if (fn.length) {
+        fnText = fn.toString().replace(STRIP_COMMENTS, '');
+        argDecl = fnText.match(FN_ARGS);
+        forEach(argDecl[1].split(FN_ARG_SPLIT), function(arg){
+          arg.replace(FN_ARG, function(all, underscore, name){
+            $inject.push(name);
+          });
+        });
+      }
+      fn.$inject = $inject;
+    }
+  } else if (isArray(fn)) {
+    last = fn.length - 1;
+    assertArgFn(fn[last], 'fn');
+    $inject = fn.slice(0, last);
+  } else {
+    assertArgFn(fn, 'fn', true);
+  }
+  return $inject;
+}
+
+///////////////////////////////////////
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc object
+ * @name AUTO.$injector
+ * @function
+ *
+ * @description
+ *
+ * `$injector` is used to retrieve object instances as defined by
+ * {@link AUTO.$provide provider}, instantiate types, invoke methods,
+ * and load modules.
+ *
+ * The following always holds true:
+ *
+ * <pre>
+ *   var $injector = angular.injector();
+ *   expect($injector.get('$injector')).toBe($injector);
+ *   expect($injector.invoke(function($injector){
+ *     return $injector;
+ *   }).toBe($injector);
+ * </pre>
+ *
+ * # Injection Function Annotation
+ *
+ * JavaScript does not have annotations, and annotations are needed for dependency injection. The
+ * following are all valid ways of annotating function with injection arguments and are equivalent.
+ *
+ * <pre>
+ *   // inferred (only works if code not minified/obfuscated)
+ *   $injector.invoke(function(serviceA){});
+ *
+ *   // annotated
+ *   function explicit(serviceA) {};
+ *   explicit.$inject = ['serviceA'];
+ *   $injector.invoke(explicit);
+ *
+ *   // inline
+ *   $injector.invoke(['serviceA', function(serviceA){}]);
+ * </pre>
+ *
+ * ## Inference
+ *
+ * In JavaScript calling `toString()` on a function returns the function definition. The definition
+ * can then be parsed and the function arguments can be extracted. *NOTE:* This does not work with
+ * minification, and obfuscation tools since these tools change the argument names.
+ *
+ * ## `$inject` Annotation
+ * By adding a `$inject` property onto a function the injection parameters can be specified.
+ *
+ * ## Inline
+ * As an array of injection names, where the last item in the array is the function to call.
+ */
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc method
+ * @name AUTO.$injector#get
+ * @methodOf AUTO.$injector
+ *
+ * @description
+ * Return an instance of the service.
+ *
+ * @param {string} name The name of the instance to retrieve.
+ * @return {*} The instance.
+ */
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc method
+ * @name AUTO.$injector#invoke
+ * @methodOf AUTO.$injector
+ *
+ * @description
+ * Invoke the method and supply the method arguments from the `$injector`.
+ *
+ * @param {!function} fn The function to invoke. Function parameters are injected according to the
+ *   {@link guide/di $inject Annotation} rules.
+ * @param {Object=} self The `this` for the invoked method.
+ * @param {Object=} locals Optional object. If preset then any argument names are read from this
+ *                         object first, before the `$injector` is consulted.
+ * @returns {*} the value returned by the invoked `fn` function.
+ */
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc method
+ * @name AUTO.$injector#has
+ * @methodOf AUTO.$injector
+ *
+ * @description
+ * Allows the user to query if the particular service exist.
+ *
+ * @param {string} Name of the service to query.
+ * @returns {boolean} returns true if injector has given service.
+ */
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc method
+ * @name AUTO.$injector#instantiate
+ * @methodOf AUTO.$injector
+ * @description
+ * Create a new instance of JS type. The method takes a constructor function invokes the new
+ * operator and supplies all of the arguments to the constructor function as specified by the
+ * constructor annotation.
+ *
+ * @param {function} Type Annotated constructor function.
+ * @param {Object=} locals Optional object. If preset then any argument names are read from this
+ * object first, before the `$injector` is consulted.
+ * @returns {Object} new instance of `Type`.
+ */
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc method
+ * @name AUTO.$injector#annotate
+ * @methodOf AUTO.$injector
+ *
+ * @description
+ * Returns an array of service names which the function is requesting for injection. This API is
+ * used by the injector to determine which services need to be injected into the function when the
+ * function is invoked. There are three ways in which the function can be annotated with the needed
+ * dependencies.
+ *
+ * # Argument names
+ *
+ * The simplest form is to extract the dependencies from the arguments of the function. This is done
+ * by converting the function into a string using `toString()` method and extracting the argument
+ * names.
+ * <pre>
+ *   // Given
+ *   function MyController($scope, $route) {
+ *     // ...
+ *   }
+ *
+ *   // Then
+ *   expect(injector.annotate(MyController)).toEqual(['$scope', '$route']);
+ * </pre>
+ *
+ * This method does not work with code minification / obfuscation. For this reason the following
+ * annotation strategies are supported.
+ *
+ * # The `$inject` property
+ *
+ * If a function has an `$inject` property and its value is an array of strings, then the strings
+ * represent names of services to be injected into the function.
+ * <pre>
+ *   // Given
+ *   var MyController = function(obfuscatedScope, obfuscatedRoute) {
+ *     // ...
+ *   }
+ *   // Define function dependencies
+ *   MyController['$inject'] = ['$scope', '$route'];
+ *
+ *   // Then
+ *   expect(injector.annotate(MyController)).toEqual(['$scope', '$route']);
+ * </pre>
+ *
+ * # The array notation
+ *
+ * It is often desirable to inline Injected functions and that's when setting the `$inject` property
+ * is very inconvenient. In these situations using the array notation to specify the dependencies in
+ * a way that survives minification is a better choice:
+ *
+ * <pre>
+ *   // We wish to write this (not minification / obfuscation safe)
+ *   injector.invoke(function($compile, $rootScope) {
+ *     // ...
+ *   });
+ *
+ *   // We are forced to write break inlining
+ *   var tmpFn = function(obfuscatedCompile, obfuscatedRootScope) {
+ *     // ...
+ *   };
+ *   tmpFn.$inject = ['$compile', '$rootScope'];
+ *   injector.invoke(tmpFn);
+ *
+ *   // To better support inline function the inline annotation is supported
+ *   injector.invoke(['$compile', '$rootScope', function(obfCompile, obfRootScope) {
+ *     // ...
+ *   }]);
+ *
+ *   // Therefore
+ *   expect(injector.annotate(
+ *      ['$compile', '$rootScope', function(obfus_$compile, obfus_$rootScope) {}])
+ *    ).toEqual(['$compile', '$rootScope']);
+ * </pre>
+ *
+ * @param {function|Array.<string|Function>} fn Function for which dependent service names need to
+ * be retrieved as described above.
+ *
+ * @returns {Array.<string>} The names of the services which the function requires.
+ */
+
+
+
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc object
+ * @name AUTO.$provide
+ *
+ * @description
+ *
+ * The {@link AUTO.$provide $provide} service has a number of methods for registering components
+ * with the {@link AUTO.$injector $injector}. Many of these functions are also exposed on
+ * {@link angular.Module}.
+ *
+ * An Angular **service** is a singleton object created by a **service factory**.  These **service
+ * factories** are functions which, in turn, are created by a **service provider**.
+ * The **service providers** are constructor functions. When instantiated they must contain a
+ * property called `$get`, which holds the **service factory** function.
+ *
+ * When you request a service, the {@link AUTO.$injector $injector} is responsible for finding the
+ * correct **service provider**, instantiating it and then calling its `$get` **service factory**
+ * function to get the instance of the **service**.
+ *
+ * Often services have no configuration options and there is no need to add methods to the service
+ * provider.  The provider will be no more than a constructor function with a `$get` property. For
+ * these cases the {@link AUTO.$provide $provide} service has additional helper methods to register
+ * services without specifying a provider.
+ *
+ * * {@link AUTO.$provide#methods_provider provider(provider)} - registers a **service provider** with the
+ *     {@link AUTO.$injector $injector}
+ * * {@link AUTO.$provide#methods_constant constant(obj)} - registers a value/object that can be accessed by
+ *     providers and services.
+ * * {@link AUTO.$provide#methods_value value(obj)} - registers a value/object that can only be accessed by
+ *     services, not providers.
+ * * {@link AUTO.$provide#methods_factory factory(fn)} - registers a service **factory function**, `fn`,
+ *     that will be wrapped in a **service provider** object, whose `$get` property will contain the
+ *     given factory function.
+ * * {@link AUTO.$provide#methods_service service(class)} - registers a **constructor function**, `class` that
+ *     that will be wrapped in a **service provider** object, whose `$get` property will instantiate
+ *      a new object using the given constructor function.
+ *
+ * See the individual methods for more information and examples.
+ */
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc method
+ * @name AUTO.$provide#provider
+ * @methodOf AUTO.$provide
+ * @description
+ *
+ * Register a **provider function** with the {@link AUTO.$injector $injector}. Provider functions
+ * are constructor functions, whose instances are responsible for "providing" a factory for a
+ * service.
+ *
+ * Service provider names start with the name of the service they provide followed by `Provider`.
+ * For example, the {@link ng.$log $log} service has a provider called
+ * {@link ng.$logProvider $logProvider}.
+ *
+ * Service provider objects can have additional methods which allow configuration of the provider
+ * and its service. Importantly, you can configure what kind of service is created by the `$get`
+ * method, or how that service will act. For example, the {@link ng.$logProvider $logProvider} has a
+ * method {@link ng.$logProvider#debugEnabled debugEnabled}
+ * which lets you specify whether the {@link ng.$log $log} service will log debug messages to the
+ * console or not.
+ *
+ * @param {string} name The name of the instance. NOTE: the provider will be available under `name +
+                        'Provider'` key.
+ * @param {(Object|function())} provider If the provider is:
+ *
+ *   - `Object`: then it should have a `$get` method. The `$get` method will be invoked using
+ *               {@link AUTO.$injector#invoke $injector.invoke()} when an instance needs to be
+ *               created.
+ *   - `Constructor`: a new instance of the provider will be created using
+ *               {@link AUTO.$injector#instantiate $injector.instantiate()}, then treated as
+ *               `object`.
+ *
+ * @returns {Object} registered provider instance
+
+ * @example
+ *
+ * The following example shows how to create a simple event tracking service and register it using
+ * {@link AUTO.$provide#methods_provider $provide.provider()}.
+ *
+ * <pre>
+ *  // Define the eventTracker provider
+ *  function EventTrackerProvider() {
+ *    var trackingUrl = '/track';
+ *
+ *    // A provider method for configuring where the tracked events should been saved
+ *    this.setTrackingUrl = function(url) {
+ *      trackingUrl = url;
+ *    };
+ *
+ *    // The service factory function
+ *    this.$get = ['$http', function($http) {
+ *      var trackedEvents = {};
+ *      return {
+ *        // Call this to track an event
+ *        event: function(event) {
+ *          var count = trackedEvents[event] || 0;
+ *          count += 1;
+ *          trackedEvents[event] = count;
+ *          return count;
+ *        },
+ *        // Call this to save the tracked events to the trackingUrl
+ *        save: function() {
+ *          $http.post(trackingUrl, trackedEvents);
+ *        }
+ *      };
+ *    }];
+ *  }
+ *
+ *  describe('eventTracker', function() {
+ *    var postSpy;
+ *
+ *    beforeEach(module(function($provide) {
+ *      // Register the eventTracker provider
+ *      $provide.provider('eventTracker', EventTrackerProvider);
+ *    }));
+ *
+ *    beforeEach(module(function(eventTrackerProvider) {
+ *      // Configure eventTracker provider
+ *      eventTrackerProvider.setTrackingUrl('/custom-track');
+ *    }));
+ *
+ *    it('tracks events', inject(function(eventTracker) {
+ *      expect(eventTracker.event('login')).toEqual(1);
+ *      expect(eventTracker.event('login')).toEqual(2);
+ *    }));
+ *
+ *    it('saves to the tracking url', inject(function(eventTracker, $http) {
+ *      postSpy = spyOn($http, 'post');
+ *      eventTracker.event('login');
+ *      eventTracker.save();
+ *      expect(postSpy).toHaveBeenCalled();
+ *      expect(postSpy.mostRecentCall.args[0]).not.toEqual('/track');
+ *      expect(postSpy.mostRecentCall.args[0]).toEqual('/custom-track');
+ *      expect(postSpy.mostRecentCall.args[1]).toEqual({ 'login': 1 });
+ *    }));
+ *  });
+ * </pre>
+ */
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc method
+ * @name AUTO.$provide#factory
+ * @methodOf AUTO.$provide
+ * @description
+ *
+ * Register a **service factory**, which will be called to return the service instance.
+ * This is short for registering a service where its provider consists of only a `$get` property,
+ * which is the given service factory function.
+ * You should use {@link AUTO.$provide#factory $provide.factory(getFn)} if you do not need to
+ * configure your service in a provider.
+ *
+ * @param {string} name The name of the instance.
+ * @param {function()} $getFn The $getFn for the instance creation. Internally this is a short hand
+ *                            for `$provide.provider(name, {$get: $getFn})`.
+ * @returns {Object} registered provider instance
+ *
+ * @example
+ * Here is an example of registering a service
+ * <pre>
+ *   $provide.factory('ping', ['$http', function($http) {
+ *     return function ping() {
+ *       return $http.send('/ping');
+ *     };
+ *   }]);
+ * </pre>
+ * You would then inject and use this service like this:
+ * <pre>
+ *   someModule.controller('Ctrl', ['ping', function(ping) {
+ *     ping();
+ *   }]);
+ * </pre>
+ */
+
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc method
+ * @name AUTO.$provide#service
+ * @methodOf AUTO.$provide
+ * @description
+ *
+ * Register a **service constructor**, which will be invoked with `new` to create the service
+ * instance.
+ * This is short for registering a service where its provider's `$get` property is the service
+ * constructor function that will be used to instantiate the service instance.
+ *
+ * You should use {@link AUTO.$provide#methods_service $provide.service(class)} if you define your service
+ * as a type/class. This is common when using {@link http://coffeescript.org CoffeeScript}.
+ *
+ * @param {string} name The name of the instance.
+ * @param {Function} constructor A class (constructor function) that will be instantiated.
+ * @returns {Object} registered provider instance
+ *
+ * @example
+ * Here is an example of registering a service using
+ * {@link AUTO.$provide#methods_service $provide.service(class)} that is defined as a CoffeeScript class.
+ * <pre>
+ *   class Ping
+ *     constructor: (@$http)->
+ *     send: ()=>
+ *       @$http.get('/ping')
+ *
+ *   $provide.service('ping', ['$http', Ping])
+ * </pre>
+ * You would then inject and use this service like this:
+ * <pre>
+ *   someModule.controller 'Ctrl', ['ping', (ping)->
+ *     ping.send()
+ *   ]
+ * </pre>
+ */
+
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc method
+ * @name AUTO.$provide#value
+ * @methodOf AUTO.$provide
+ * @description
+ *
+ * Register a **value service** with the {@link AUTO.$injector $injector}, such as a string, a
+ * number, an array, an object or a function.  This is short for registering a service where its
+ * provider's `$get` property is a factory function that takes no arguments and returns the **value
+ * service**.
+ *
+ * Value services are similar to constant services, except that they cannot be injected into a
+ * module configuration function (see {@link angular.Module#config}) but they can be overridden by
+ * an Angular
+ * {@link AUTO.$provide#decorator decorator}.
+ *
+ * @param {string} name The name of the instance.
+ * @param {*} value The value.
+ * @returns {Object} registered provider instance
+ *
+ * @example
+ * Here are some examples of creating value services.
+ * <pre>
+ *   $provide.value('ADMIN_USER', 'admin');
+ *
+ *   $provide.value('RoleLookup', { admin: 0, writer: 1, reader: 2 });
+ *
+ *   $provide.value('halfOf', function(value) {
+ *     return value / 2;
+ *   });
+ * </pre>
+ */
+
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc method
+ * @name AUTO.$provide#constant
+ * @methodOf AUTO.$provide
+ * @description
+ *
+ * Register a **constant service**, such as a string, a number, an array, an object or a function,
+ * with the {@link AUTO.$injector $injector}. Unlike {@link AUTO.$provide#value value} it can be
+ * injected into a module configuration function (see {@link angular.Module#config}) and it cannot
+ * be overridden by an Angular {@link AUTO.$provide#decorator decorator}.
+ *
+ * @param {string} name The name of the constant.
+ * @param {*} value The constant value.
+ * @returns {Object} registered instance
+ *
+ * @example
+ * Here a some examples of creating constants:
+ * <pre>
+ *   $provide.constant('SHARD_HEIGHT', 306);
+ *
+ *   $provide.constant('MY_COLOURS', ['red', 'blue', 'grey']);
+ *
+ *   $provide.constant('double', function(value) {
+ *     return value * 2;
+ *   });
+ * </pre>
+ */
+
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc method
+ * @name AUTO.$provide#decorator
+ * @methodOf AUTO.$provide
+ * @description
+ *
+ * Register a **service decorator** with the {@link AUTO.$injector $injector}. A service decorator
+ * intercepts the creation of a service, allowing it to override or modify the behaviour of the
+ * service. The object returned by the decorator may be the original service, or a new service
+ * object which replaces or wraps and delegates to the original service.
+ *
+ * @param {string} name The name of the service to decorate.
+ * @param {function()} decorator This function will be invoked when the service needs to be
+ *    instantiated and should return the decorated service instance. The function is called using
+ *    the {@link AUTO.$injector#invoke injector.invoke} method and is therefore fully injectable.
+ *    Local injection arguments:
+ *
+ *    * `$delegate` - The original service instance, which can be monkey patched, configured,
+ *      decorated or delegated to.
+ *
+ * @example
+ * Here we decorate the {@link ng.$log $log} service to convert warnings to errors by intercepting
+ * calls to {@link ng.$log#error $log.warn()}.
+ * <pre>
+ *   $provider.decorator('$log', ['$delegate', function($delegate) {
+ *     $delegate.warn = $delegate.error;
+ *     return $delegate;
+ *   }]);
+ * </pre>
+ */
+
+
+function createInjector(modulesToLoad) {
+  var INSTANTIATING = {},
+      providerSuffix = 'Provider',
+      path = [],
+      loadedModules = new HashMap(),
+      providerCache = {
+        $provide: {
+            provider: supportObject(provider),
+            factory: supportObject(factory),
+            service: supportObject(service),
+            value: supportObject(value),
+            constant: supportObject(constant),
+            decorator: decorator
+          }
+      },
+      providerInjector = (providerCache.$injector =
+          createInternalInjector(providerCache, function() {
+            throw $injectorMinErr('unpr', "Unknown provider: {0}", path.join(' <- '));
+          })),
+      instanceCache = {},
+      instanceInjector = (instanceCache.$injector =
+          createInternalInjector(instanceCache, function(servicename) {
+            var provider = providerInjector.get(servicename + providerSuffix);
+            return instanceInjector.invoke(provider.$get, provider);
+          }));
+
+
+  forEach(loadModules(modulesToLoad), function(fn) { instanceInjector.invoke(fn || noop); });
+
+  return instanceInjector;
+
+  ////////////////////////////////////
+  // $provider
+  ////////////////////////////////////
+
+  function supportObject(delegate) {
+    return function(key, value) {
+      if (isObject(key)) {
+        forEach(key, reverseParams(delegate));
+      } else {
+        return delegate(key, value);
+      }
+    };
+  }
+
+  function provider(name, provider_) {
+    assertNotHasOwnProperty(name, 'service');
+    if (isFunction(provider_) || isArray(provider_)) {
+      provider_ = providerInjector.instantiate(provider_);
+    }
+    if (!provider_.$get) {
+      throw $injectorMinErr('pget', "Provider '{0}' must define $get factory method.", name);
+    }
+    return providerCache[name + providerSuffix] = provider_;
+  }
+
+  function factory(name, factoryFn) { return provider(name, { $get: factoryFn }); }
+
+  function service(name, constructor) {
+    return factory(name, ['$injector', function($injector) {
+      return $injector.instantiate(constructor);
+    }]);
+  }
+
+  function value(name, val) { return factory(name, valueFn(val)); }
+
+  function constant(name, value) {
+    assertNotHasOwnProperty(name, 'constant');
+    providerCache[name] = value;
+    instanceCache[name] = value;
+  }
+
+  function decorator(serviceName, decorFn) {
+    var origProvider = providerInjector.get(serviceName + providerSuffix),
+        orig$get = origProvider.$get;
+
+    origProvider.$get = function() {
+      var origInstance = instanceInjector.invoke(orig$get, origProvider);
+      return instanceInjector.invoke(decorFn, null, {$delegate: origInstance});
+    };
+  }
+
+  ////////////////////////////////////
+  // Module Loading
+  ////////////////////////////////////
+  function loadModules(modulesToLoad){
+    var runBlocks = [], moduleFn, invokeQueue, i, ii;
+    forEach(modulesToLoad, function(module) {
+      if (loadedModules.get(module)) return;
+      loadedModules.put(module, true);
+
+      try {
+        if (isString(module)) {
+          moduleFn = angularModule(module);
+          runBlocks = runBlocks.concat(loadModules(moduleFn.requires)).concat(moduleFn._runBlocks);
+
+          for(invokeQueue = moduleFn._invokeQueue, i = 0, ii = invokeQueue.length; i < ii; i++) {
+            var invokeArgs = invokeQueue[i],
+                provider = providerInjector.get(invokeArgs[0]);
+
+            provider[invokeArgs[1]].apply(provider, invokeArgs[2]);
+          }
+        } else if (isFunction(module)) {
+            runBlocks.push(providerInjector.invoke(module));
+        } else if (isArray(module)) {
+            runBlocks.push(providerInjector.invoke(module));
+        } else {
+          assertArgFn(module, 'module');
+        }
+      } catch (e) {
+        if (isArray(module)) {
+          module = module[module.length - 1];
+        }
+        if (e.message && e.stack && e.stack.indexOf(e.message) == -1) {
+          // Safari & FF's stack traces don't contain error.message content
+          // unlike those of Chrome and IE
+          // So if stack doesn't contain message, we create a new string that contains both.
+          // Since error.stack is read-only in Safari, I'm overriding e and not e.stack here.
+          /* jshint -W022 */
+          e = e.message + '\n' + e.stack;
+        }
+        throw $injectorMinErr('modulerr', "Failed to instantiate module {0} due to:\n{1}",
+                  module, e.stack || e.message || e);
+      }
+    });
+    return runBlocks;
+  }
+
+  ////////////////////////////////////
+  // internal Injector
+  ////////////////////////////////////
+
+  function createInternalInjector(cache, factory) {
+
+    function getService(serviceName) {
+      if (cache.hasOwnProperty(serviceName)) {
+        if (cache[serviceName] === INSTANTIATING) {
+          throw $injectorMinErr('cdep', 'Circular dependency found: {0}', path.join(' <- '));
+        }
+        return cache[serviceName];
+      } else {
+        try {
+          path.unshift(serviceName);
+          cache[serviceName] = INSTANTIATING;
+          return cache[serviceName] = factory(serviceName);
+        } finally {
+          path.shift();
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    function invoke(fn, self, locals){
+      var args = [],
+          $inject = annotate(fn),
+          length, i,
+          key;
+
+      for(i = 0, length = $inject.length; i < length; i++) {
+        key = $inject[i];
+        if (typeof key !== 'string') {
+          throw $injectorMinErr('itkn',
+                  'Incorrect injection token! Expected service name as string, got {0}', key);
+        }
+        args.push(
+          locals && locals.hasOwnProperty(key)
+          ? locals[key]
+          : getService(key)
+        );
+      }
+      if (!fn.$inject) {
+        // this means that we must be an array.
+        fn = fn[length];
+      }
+
+      // http://jsperf.com/angularjs-invoke-apply-vs-switch
+      // #5388
+      return fn.apply(self, args);
+    }
+
+    function instantiate(Type, locals) {
+      var Constructor = function() {},
+          instance, returnedValue;
+
+      // Check if Type is annotated and use just the given function at n-1 as parameter
+      // e.g. someModule.factory('greeter', ['$window', function(renamed$window) {}]);
+      Constructor.prototype = (isArray(Type) ? Type[Type.length - 1] : Type).prototype;
+      instance = new Constructor();
+      returnedValue = invoke(Type, instance, locals);
+
+      return isObject(returnedValue) || isFunction(returnedValue) ? returnedValue : instance;
+    }
+
+    return {
+      invoke: invoke,
+      instantiate: instantiate,
+      get: getService,
+      annotate: annotate,
+      has: function(name) {
+        return providerCache.hasOwnProperty(name + providerSuffix) || cache.hasOwnProperty(name);
+      }
+    };
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc function
+ * @name ng.$anchorScroll
+ * @requires $window
+ * @requires $location
+ * @requires $rootScope
+ *
+ * @description
+ * When called, it checks current value of `$location.hash()` and scroll to related element,
+ * according to rules specified in
+ * {@link http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/Overview.html#the-indicated-part-of-the-document Html5 spec}.
+ *
+ * It also watches the `$location.hash()` and scrolls whenever it changes to match any anchor.
+ * This can be disabled by calling `$anchorScrollProvider.disableAutoScrolling()`.
+ * 
+ * @example
+   <example>
+     <file name="index.html">
+       <div id="scrollArea" ng-controller="ScrollCtrl">
+         <a ng-click="gotoBottom()">Go to bottom</a>
+         <a id="bottom"></a> You're at the bottom!
+       </div>
+     </file>
+     <file name="script.js">
+       function ScrollCtrl($scope, $location, $anchorScroll) {
+         $scope.gotoBottom = function (){
+           // set the location.hash to the id of
+           // the element you wish to scroll to.
+           $location.hash('bottom');
+           
+           // call $anchorScroll()
+           $anchorScroll();
+         }
+       }
+     </file>
+     <file name="style.css">
+       #scrollArea {
+         height: 350px;
+         overflow: auto;
+       }
+
+       #bottom {
+         display: block;
+         margin-top: 2000px;
+       }
+     </file>
+   </example>
+ */
+function $AnchorScrollProvider() {
+
+  var autoScrollingEnabled = true;
+
+  this.disableAutoScrolling = function() {
+    autoScrollingEnabled = false;
+  };
+
+  this.$get = ['$window', '$location', '$rootScope', function($window, $location, $rootScope) {
+    var document = $window.document;
+
+    // helper function to get first anchor from a NodeList
+    // can't use filter.filter, as it accepts only instances of Array
+    // and IE can't convert NodeList to an array using [].slice
+    // TODO(vojta): use filter if we change it to accept lists as well
+    function getFirstAnchor(list) {
+      var result = null;
+      forEach(list, function(element) {
+        if (!result && lowercase(element.nodeName) === 'a') result = element;
+      });
+      return result;
+    }
+
+    function scroll() {
+      var hash = $location.hash(), elm;
+
+      // empty hash, scroll to the top of the page
+      if (!hash) $window.scrollTo(0, 0);
+
+      // element with given id
+      else if ((elm = document.getElementById(hash))) elm.scrollIntoView();
+
+      // first anchor with given name :-D
+      else if ((elm = getFirstAnchor(document.getElementsByName(hash)))) elm.scrollIntoView();
+
+      // no element and hash == 'top', scroll to the top of the page
+      else if (hash === 'top') $window.scrollTo(0, 0);
+    }
+
+    // does not scroll when user clicks on anchor link that is currently on
+    // (no url change, no $location.hash() change), browser native does scroll
+    if (autoScrollingEnabled) {
+      $rootScope.$watch(function autoScrollWatch() {return $location.hash();},
+        function autoScrollWatchAction() {
+          $rootScope.$evalAsync(scroll);
+        });
+    }
+
+    return scroll;
+  }];
+}
+
+var $animateMinErr = minErr('$animate');
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc object
+ * @name ng.$animateProvider
+ *
+ * @description
+ * Default implementation of $animate that doesn't perform any animations, instead just
+ * synchronously performs DOM
+ * updates and calls done() callbacks.
+ *
+ * In order to enable animations the ngAnimate module has to be loaded.
+ *
+ * To see the functional implementation check out src/ngAnimate/animate.js
+ */
+var $AnimateProvider = ['$provide', function($provide) {
+
+  
+  this.$$selectors = {};
+
+
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc function
+   * @name ng.$animateProvider#register
+   * @methodOf ng.$animateProvider
+   *
+   * @description
+   * Registers a new injectable animation factory function. The factory function produces the
+   * animation object which contains callback functions for each event that is expected to be
+   * animated.
+   *
+   *   * `eventFn`: `function(Element, doneFunction)` The element to animate, the `doneFunction`
+   *   must be called once the element animation is complete. If a function is returned then the
+   *   animation service will use this function to cancel the animation whenever a cancel event is
+   *   triggered.
+   *
+   *
+   *<pre>
+   *   return {
+     *     eventFn : function(element, done) {
+     *       //code to run the animation
+     *       //once complete, then run done()
+     *       return function cancellationFunction() {
+     *         //code to cancel the animation
+     *       }
+     *     }
+     *   }
+   *</pre>
+   *
+   * @param {string} name The name of the animation.
+   * @param {function} factory The factory function that will be executed to return the animation
+   *                           object.
+   */
+  this.register = function(name, factory) {
+    var key = name + '-animation';
+    if (name && name.charAt(0) != '.') throw $animateMinErr('notcsel',
+        "Expecting class selector starting with '.' got '{0}'.", name);
+    this.$$selectors[name.substr(1)] = key;
+    $provide.factory(key, factory);
+  };
+
+  this.$get = ['$timeout', function($timeout) {
+
+    /**
+     *
+     * @ngdoc object
+     * @name ng.$animate
+     * @description The $animate service provides rudimentary DOM manipulation functions to
+     * insert, remove and move elements within the DOM, as well as adding and removing classes.
+     * This service is the core service used by the ngAnimate $animator service which provides
+     * high-level animation hooks for CSS and JavaScript.
+     *
+     * $animate is available in the AngularJS core, however, the ngAnimate module must be included
+     * to enable full out animation support. Otherwise, $animate will only perform simple DOM
+     * manipulation operations.
+     *
+     * To learn more about enabling animation support, click here to visit the {@link ngAnimate
+     * ngAnimate module page} as well as the {@link ngAnimate.$animate ngAnimate $animate service
+     * page}.
+     */
+    return {
+
+      /**
+       *
+       * @ngdoc function
+       * @name ng.$animate#enter
+       * @methodOf ng.$animate
+       * @function
+       * @description Inserts the element into the DOM either after the `after` element or within
+       *   the `parent` element. Once complete, the done() callback will be fired (if provided).
+       * @param {jQuery/jqLite element} element the element which will be inserted into the DOM
+       * @param {jQuery/jqLite element} parent the parent element which will append the element as
+       *   a child (if the after element is not present)
+       * @param {jQuery/jqLite element} after the sibling element which will append the element
+       *   after itself
+       * @param {function=} done callback function that will be called after the element has been
+       *   inserted into the DOM
+       */
+      enter : function(element, parent, after, done) {
+        if (after) {
+          after.after(element);
+        } else {
+          if (!parent || !parent[0]) {
+            parent = after.parent();
+          }
+          parent.append(element);
+        }
+        done && $timeout(done, 0, false);
+      },
+
+      /**
+       *
+       * @ngdoc function
+       * @name ng.$animate#leave
+       * @methodOf ng.$animate
+       * @function
+       * @description Removes the element from the DOM. Once complete, the done() callback will be
+       *   fired (if provided).
+       * @param {jQuery/jqLite element} element the element which will be removed from the DOM
+       * @param {function=} done callback function that will be called after the element has been
+       *   removed from the DOM
+       */
+      leave : function(element, done) {
+        element.remove();
+        done && $timeout(done, 0, false);
+      },
+
+      /**
+       *
+       * @ngdoc function
+       * @name ng.$animate#move
+       * @methodOf ng.$animate
+       * @function
+       * @description Moves the position of the provided element within the DOM to be placed
+       * either after the `after` element or inside of the `parent` element. Once complete, the
+       * done() callback will be fired (if provided).
+       * 
+       * @param {jQuery/jqLite element} element the element which will be moved around within the
+       *   DOM
+       * @param {jQuery/jqLite element} parent the parent element where the element will be
+       *   inserted into (if the after element is not present)
+       * @param {jQuery/jqLite element} after the sibling element where the element will be
+       *   positioned next to
+       * @param {function=} done the callback function (if provided) that will be fired after the
+       *   element has been moved to its new position
+       */
+      move : function(element, parent, after, done) {
+        // Do not remove element before insert. Removing will cause data associated with the
+        // element to be dropped. Insert will implicitly do the remove.
+        this.enter(element, parent, after, done);
+      },
+
+      /**
+       *
+       * @ngdoc function
+       * @name ng.$animate#addClass
+       * @methodOf ng.$animate
+       * @function
+       * @description Adds the provided className CSS class value to the provided element. Once
+       * complete, the done() callback will be fired (if provided).
+       * @param {jQuery/jqLite element} element the element which will have the className value
+       *   added to it
+       * @param {string} className the CSS class which will be added to the element
+       * @param {function=} done the callback function (if provided) that will be fired after the
+       *   className value has been added to the element
+       */
+      addClass : function(element, className, done) {
+        className = isString(className) ?
+                      className :
+                      isArray(className) ? className.join(' ') : '';
+        forEach(element, function (element) {
+          jqLiteAddClass(element, className);
+        });
+        done && $timeout(done, 0, false);
+      },
+
+      /**
+       *
+       * @ngdoc function
+       * @name ng.$animate#removeClass
+       * @methodOf ng.$animate
+       * @function
+       * @description Removes the provided className CSS class value from the provided element.
+       * Once complete, the done() callback will be fired (if provided).
+       * @param {jQuery/jqLite element} element the element which will have the className value
+       *   removed from it
+       * @param {string} className the CSS class which will be removed from the element
+       * @param {function=} done the callback function (if provided) that will be fired after the
+       *   className value has been removed from the element
+       */
+      removeClass : function(element, className, done) {
+        className = isString(className) ?
+                      className :
+                      isArray(className) ? className.join(' ') : '';
+        forEach(element, function (element) {
+          jqLiteRemoveClass(element, className);
+        });
+        done && $timeout(done, 0, false);
+      },
+
+      enabled : noop
+    };
+  }];
+}];
+
+/**
+ * ! This is a private undocumented service !
+ *
+ * @name ng.$browser
+ * @requires $log
+ * @description
+ * This object has two goals:
+ *
+ * - hide all the global state in the browser caused by the window object
+ * - abstract away all the browser specific features and inconsistencies
+ *
+ * For tests we provide {@link ngMock.$browser mock implementation} of the `$browser`
+ * service, which can be used for convenient testing of the application without the interaction with
+ * the real browser apis.
+ */
+/**
+ * @param {object} window The global window object.
+ * @param {object} document jQuery wrapped document.
+ * @param {function()} XHR XMLHttpRequest constructor.
+ * @param {object} $log console.log or an object with the same interface.
+ * @param {object} $sniffer $sniffer service
+ */
+function Browser(window, document, $log, $sniffer) {
+  var self = this,
+      rawDocument = document[0],
+      location = window.location,
+      history = window.history,
+      setTimeout = window.setTimeout,
+      clearTimeout = window.clearTimeout,
+      pendingDeferIds = {};
+
+  self.isMock = false;
+
+  var outstandingRequestCount = 0;
+  var outstandingRequestCallbacks = [];
+
+  // TODO(vojta): remove this temporary api
+  self.$$completeOutstandingRequest = completeOutstandingRequest;
+  self.$$incOutstandingRequestCount = function() { outstandingRequestCount++; };
+
+  /**
+   * Executes the `fn` function(supports currying) and decrements the `outstandingRequestCallbacks`
+   * counter. If the counter reaches 0, all the `outstandingRequestCallbacks` are executed.
+   */
+  function completeOutstandingRequest(fn) {
+    try {
+      fn.apply(null, sliceArgs(arguments, 1));
+    } finally {
+      outstandingRequestCount--;
+      if (outstandingRequestCount === 0) {
+        while(outstandingRequestCallbacks.length) {
+          try {
+            outstandingRequestCallbacks.pop()();
+          } catch (e) {
+            $log.error(e);
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * @private
+   * Note: this method is used only by scenario runner
+   * TODO(vojta): prefix this method with $$ ?
+   * @param {function()} callback Function that will be called when no outstanding request
+   */
+  self.notifyWhenNoOutstandingRequests = function(callback) {
+    // force browser to execute all pollFns - this is needed so that cookies and other pollers fire
+    // at some deterministic time in respect to the test runner's actions. Leaving things up to the
+    // regular poller would result in flaky tests.
+    forEach(pollFns, function(pollFn){ pollFn(); });
+
+    if (outstandingRequestCount === 0) {
+      callback();
+    } else {
+      outstandingRequestCallbacks.push(callback);
+    }
+  };
+
+  //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+  // Poll Watcher API
+  //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+  var pollFns = [],
+      pollTimeout;
+
+  /**
+   * @name ng.$browser#addPollFn
+   * @methodOf ng.$browser
+   *
+   * @param {function()} fn Poll function to add
+   *
+   * @description
+   * Adds a function to the list of functions that poller periodically executes,
+   * and starts polling if not started yet.
+   *
+   * @returns {function()} the added function
+   */
+  self.addPollFn = function(fn) {
+    if (isUndefined(pollTimeout)) startPoller(100, setTimeout);
+    pollFns.push(fn);
+    return fn;
+  };
+
+  /**
+   * @param {number} interval How often should browser call poll functions (ms)
+   * @param {function()} setTimeout Reference to a real or fake `setTimeout` function.
+   *
+   * @description
+   * Configures the poller to run in the specified intervals, using the specified
+   * setTimeout fn and kicks it off.
+   */
+  function startPoller(interval, setTimeout) {
+    (function check() {
+      forEach(pollFns, function(pollFn){ pollFn(); });
+      pollTimeout = setTimeout(check, interval);
+    })();
+  }
+
+  //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+  // URL API
+  //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+  var lastBrowserUrl = location.href,
+      baseElement = document.find('base'),
+      newLocation = null;
+
+  /**
+   * @name ng.$browser#url
+   * @methodOf ng.$browser
+   *
+   * @description
+   * GETTER:
+   * Without any argument, this method just returns current value of location.href.
+   *
+   * SETTER:
+   * With at least one argument, this method sets url to new value.
+   * If html5 history api supported, pushState/replaceState is used, otherwise
+   * location.href/location.replace is used.
+   * Returns its own instance to allow chaining
+   *
+   * NOTE: this api is intended for use only by the $location service. Please use the
+   * {@link ng.$location $location service} to change url.
+   *
+   * @param {string} url New url (when used as setter)
+   * @param {boolean=} replace Should new url replace current history record ?
+   */
+  self.url = function(url, replace) {
+    // Android Browser BFCache causes location reference to become stale.
+    if (location !== window.location) location = window.location;
+
+    // setter
+    if (url) {
+      if (lastBrowserUrl == url) return;
+      lastBrowserUrl = url;
+      if ($sniffer.history) {
+        if (replace) history.replaceState(null, '', url);
+        else {
+          history.pushState(null, '', url);
+          // Crazy Opera Bug: http://my.opera.com/community/forums/topic.dml?id=1185462
+          baseElement.attr('href', baseElement.attr('href'));
+        }
+      } else {
+        newLocation = url;
+        if (replace) {
+          location.replace(url);
+        } else {
+          location.href = url;
+        }
+      }
+      return self;
+    // getter
+    } else {
+      // - newLocation is a workaround for an IE7-9 issue with location.replace and location.href
+      //   methods not updating location.href synchronously.
+      // - the replacement is a workaround for https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=407172
+      return newLocation || location.href.replace(/%27/g,"'");
+    }
+  };
+
+  var urlChangeListeners = [],
+      urlChangeInit = false;
+
+  function fireUrlChange() {
+    newLocation = null;
+    if (lastBrowserUrl == self.url()) return;
+
+    lastBrowserUrl = self.url();
+    forEach(urlChangeListeners, function(listener) {
+      listener(self.url());
+    });
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * @name ng.$browser#onUrlChange
+   * @methodOf ng.$browser
+   * @TODO(vojta): refactor to use node's syntax for events
+   *
+   * @description
+   * Register callback function that will be called, when url changes.
+   *
+   * It's only called when the url is changed by outside of angular:
+   * - user types different url into address bar
+   * - user clicks on history (forward/back) button
+   * - user clicks on a link
+   *
+   * It's not called when url is changed by $browser.url() method
+   *
+   * The listener gets called with new url as parameter.
+   *
+   * NOTE: this api is intended for use only by the $location service. Please use the
+   * {@link ng.$location $location service} to monitor url changes in angular apps.
+   *
+   * @param {function(string)} listener Listener function to be called when url changes.
+   * @return {function(string)} Returns the registered listener fn - handy if the fn is anonymous.
+   */
+  self.onUrlChange = function(callback) {
+    if (!urlChangeInit) {
+      // We listen on both (hashchange/popstate) when available, as some browsers (e.g. Opera)
+      // don't fire popstate when user change the address bar and don't fire hashchange when url
+      // changed by push/replaceState
+
+      // html5 history api - popstate event
+      if ($sniffer.history) jqLite(window).on('popstate', fireUrlChange);
+      // hashchange event
+      if ($sniffer.hashchange) jqLite(window).on('hashchange', fireUrlChange);
+      // polling
+      else self.addPollFn(fireUrlChange);
+
+      urlChangeInit = true;
+    }
+
+    urlChangeListeners.push(callback);
+    return callback;
+  };
+
+  //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+  // Misc API
+  //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+  /**
+   * @name ng.$browser#baseHref
+   * @methodOf ng.$browser
+   * 
+   * @description
+   * Returns current <base href>
+   * (always relative - without domain)
+   *
+   * @returns {string=} current <base href>
+   */
+  self.baseHref = function() {
+    var href = baseElement.attr('href');
+    return href ? href.replace(/^https?\:\/\/[^\/]*/, '') : '';
+  };
+
+  //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+  // Cookies API
+  //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+  var lastCookies = {};
+  var lastCookieString = '';
+  var cookiePath = self.baseHref();
+
+  /**
+   * @name ng.$browser#cookies
+   * @methodOf ng.$browser
+   *
+   * @param {string=} name Cookie name
+   * @param {string=} value Cookie value
+   *
+   * @description
+   * The cookies method provides a 'private' low level access to browser cookies.
+   * It is not meant to be used directly, use the $cookie service instead.
+   *
+   * The return values vary depending on the arguments that the method was called with as follows:
+   * 
+   * - cookies() -> hash of all cookies, this is NOT a copy of the internal state, so do not modify
+   *   it
+   * - cookies(name, value) -> set name to value, if value is undefined delete the cookie
+   * - cookies(name) -> the same as (name, undefined) == DELETES (no one calls it right now that
+   *   way)
+   * 
+   * @returns {Object} Hash of all cookies (if called without any parameter)
+   */
+  self.cookies = function(name, value) {
+    /* global escape: false, unescape: false */
+    var cookieLength, cookieArray, cookie, i, index;
+
+    if (name) {
+      if (value === undefined) {
+        rawDocument.cookie = escape(name) + "=;path=" + cookiePath +
+                                ";expires=Thu, 01 Jan 1970 00:00:00 GMT";
+      } else {
+        if (isString(value)) {
+          cookieLength = (rawDocument.cookie = escape(name) + '=' + escape(value) +
+                                ';path=' + cookiePath).length + 1;
+
+          // per http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2109.txt browser must allow at minimum:
+          // - 300 cookies
+          // - 20 cookies per unique domain
+          // - 4096 bytes per cookie
+          if (cookieLength > 4096) {
+            $log.warn("Cookie '"+ name +
+              "' possibly not set or overflowed because it was too large ("+
+              cookieLength + " > 4096 bytes)!");
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    } else {
+      if (rawDocument.cookie !== lastCookieString) {
+        lastCookieString = rawDocument.cookie;
+        cookieArray = lastCookieString.split("; ");
+        lastCookies = {};
+
+        for (i = 0; i < cookieArray.length; i++) {
+          cookie = cookieArray[i];
+          index = cookie.indexOf('=');
+          if (index > 0) { //ignore nameless cookies
+            name = unescape(cookie.substring(0, index));
+            // the first value that is seen for a cookie is the most
+            // specific one.  values for the same cookie name that
+            // follow are for less specific paths.
+            if (lastCookies[name] === undefined) {
+              lastCookies[name] = unescape(cookie.substring(index + 1));
+            }
+          }
+        }
+      }
+      return lastCookies;
+    }
+  };
+
+
+  /**
+   * @name ng.$browser#defer
+   * @methodOf ng.$browser
+   * @param {function()} fn A function, who's execution should be deferred.
+   * @param {number=} [delay=0] of milliseconds to defer the function execution.
+   * @returns {*} DeferId that can be used to cancel the task via `$browser.defer.cancel()`.
+   *
+   * @description
+   * Executes a fn asynchronously via `setTimeout(fn, delay)`.
+   *
+   * Unlike when calling `setTimeout` directly, in test this function is mocked and instead of using
+   * `setTimeout` in tests, the fns are queued in an array, which can be programmatically flushed
+   * via `$browser.defer.flush()`.
+   *
+   */
+  self.defer = function(fn, delay) {
+    var timeoutId;
+    outstandingRequestCount++;
+    timeoutId = setTimeout(function() {
+      delete pendingDeferIds[timeoutId];
+      completeOutstandingRequest(fn);
+    }, delay || 0);
+    pendingDeferIds[timeoutId] = true;
+    return timeoutId;
+  };
+
+
+  /**
+   * @name ng.$browser#defer.cancel
+   * @methodOf ng.$browser.defer
+   *
+   * @description
+   * Cancels a deferred task identified with `deferId`.
+   *
+   * @param {*} deferId Token returned by the `$browser.defer` function.
+   * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if the task hasn't executed yet and was successfully
+   *                    canceled.
+   */
+  self.defer.cancel = function(deferId) {
+    if (pendingDeferIds[deferId]) {
+      delete pendingDeferIds[deferId];
+      clearTimeout(deferId);
+      completeOutstandingRequest(noop);
+      return true;
+    }
+    return false;
+  };
+
+}
+
+function $BrowserProvider(){
+  this.$get = ['$window', '$log', '$sniffer', '$document',
+      function( $window,   $log,   $sniffer,   $document){
+        return new Browser($window, $document, $log, $sniffer);
+      }];
+}
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc object
+ * @name ng.$cacheFactory
+ *
+ * @description
+ * Factory that constructs cache objects and gives access to them.
+ * 
+ * <pre>
+ * 
+ *  var cache = $cacheFactory('cacheId');
+ *  expect($cacheFactory.get('cacheId')).toBe(cache);
+ *  expect($cacheFactory.get('noSuchCacheId')).not.toBeDefined();
+ *
+ *  cache.put("key", "value");
+ *  cache.put("another key", "another value");
+ *
+ *  // We've specified no options on creation
+ *  expect(cache.info()).toEqual({id: 'cacheId', size: 2}); 
+ * 
+ * </pre>
+ *
+ *
+ * @param {string} cacheId Name or id of the newly created cache.
+ * @param {object=} options Options object that specifies the cache behavior. Properties:
+ *
+ *   - `{number=}` `capacity` — turns the cache into LRU cache.
+ *
+ * @returns {object} Newly created cache object with the following set of methods:
+ *
+ * - `{object}` `info()` — Returns id, size, and options of cache.
+ * - `{{*}}` `put({string} key, {*} value)` — Puts a new key-value pair into the cache and returns
+ *   it.
+ * - `{{*}}` `get({string} key)` — Returns cached value for `key` or undefined for cache miss.
+ * - `{void}` `remove({string} key)` — Removes a key-value pair from the cache.
+ * - `{void}` `removeAll()` — Removes all cached values.
+ * - `{void}` `destroy()` — Removes references to this cache from $cacheFactory.
+ *
+ */
+function $CacheFactoryProvider() {
+
+  this.$get = function() {
+    var caches = {};
+
+    function cacheFactory(cacheId, options) {
+      if (cacheId in caches) {
+        throw minErr('$cacheFactory')('iid', "CacheId '{0}' is already taken!", cacheId);
+      }
+
+      var size = 0,
+          stats = extend({}, options, {id: cacheId}),
+          data = {},
+          capacity = (options && options.capacity) || Number.MAX_VALUE,
+          lruHash = {},
+          freshEnd = null,
+          staleEnd = null;
+
+      return caches[cacheId] = {
+
+        put: function(key, value) {
+          var lruEntry = lruHash[key] || (lruHash[key] = {key: key});
+
+          refresh(lruEntry);
+
+          if (isUndefined(value)) return;
+          if (!(key in data)) size++;
+          data[key] = value;
+
+          if (size > capacity) {
+            this.remove(staleEnd.key);
+          }
+
+          return value;
+        },
+
+
+        get: function(key) {
+          var lruEntry = lruHash[key];
+
+          if (!lruEntry) return;
+
+          refresh(lruEntry);
+
+          return data[key];
+        },
+
+
+        remove: function(key) {
+          var lruEntry = lruHash[key];
+
+          if (!lruEntry) return;
+
+          if (lruEntry == freshEnd) freshEnd = lruEntry.p;
+          if (lruEntry == staleEnd) staleEnd = lruEntry.n;
+          link(lruEntry.n,lruEntry.p);
+
+          delete lruHash[key];
+          delete data[key];
+          size--;
+        },
+
+
+        removeAll: function() {
+          data = {};
+          size = 0;
+          lruHash = {};
+          freshEnd = staleEnd = null;
+        },
+
+
+        destroy: function() {
+          data = null;
+          stats = null;
+          lruHash = null;
+          delete caches[cacheId];
+        },
+
+
+        info: function() {
+          return extend({}, stats, {size: size});
+        }
+      };
+
+
+      /**
+       * makes the `entry` the freshEnd of the LRU linked list
+       */
+      function refresh(entry) {
+        if (entry != freshEnd) {
+          if (!staleEnd) {
+            staleEnd = entry;
+          } else if (staleEnd == entry) {
+            staleEnd = entry.n;
+          }
+
+          link(entry.n, entry.p);
+          link(entry, freshEnd);
+          freshEnd = entry;
+          freshEnd.n = null;
+        }
+      }
+
+
+      /**
+       * bidirectionally links two entries of the LRU linked list
+       */
+      function link(nextEntry, prevEntry) {
+        if (nextEntry != prevEntry) {
+          if (nextEntry) nextEntry.p = prevEntry; //p stands for previous, 'prev' didn't minify
+          if (prevEntry) prevEntry.n = nextEntry; //n stands for next, 'next' didn't minify
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc method
+   * @name ng.$cacheFactory#info
+   * @methodOf ng.$cacheFactory
+   *
+   * @description
+   * Get information about all the of the caches that have been created
+   *
+   * @returns {Object} - key-value map of `cacheId` to the result of calling `cache#info`
+   */
+    cacheFactory.info = function() {
+      var info = {};
+      forEach(caches, function(cache, cacheId) {
+        info[cacheId] = cache.info();
+      });
+      return info;
+    };
+
+
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc method
+   * @name ng.$cacheFactory#get
+   * @methodOf ng.$cacheFactory
+   *
+   * @description
+   * Get access to a cache object by the `cacheId` used when it was created.
+   *
+   * @param {string} cacheId Name or id of a cache to access.
+   * @returns {object} Cache object identified by the cacheId or undefined if no such cache.
+   */
+    cacheFactory.get = function(cacheId) {
+      return caches[cacheId];
+    };
+
+
+    return cacheFactory;
+  };
+}
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc object
+ * @name ng.$templateCache
+ *
+ * @description
+ * The first time a template is used, it is loaded in the template cache for quick retrieval. You
+ * can load templates directly into the cache in a `script` tag, or by consuming the
+ * `$templateCache` service directly.
+ * 
+ * Adding via the `script` tag:
+ * <pre>
+ * <html ng-app>
+ * <head>
+ * <script type="text/ng-template" id="templateId.html">
+ *   This is the content of the template
+ * </script>
+ * </head>
+ *   ...
+ * </html>
+ * </pre>
+ * 
+ * **Note:** the `script` tag containing the template does not need to be included in the `head` of
+ * the document, but it must be below the `ng-app` definition.
+ * 
+ * Adding via the $templateCache service:
+ * 
+ * <pre>
+ * var myApp = angular.module('myApp', []);
+ * myApp.run(function($templateCache) {
+ *   $templateCache.put('templateId.html', 'This is the content of the template');
+ * });
+ * </pre>
+ * 
+ * To retrieve the template later, simply use it in your HTML:
+ * <pre>
+ * <div ng-include=" 'templateId.html' "></div>
+ * </pre>
+ * 
+ * or get it via Javascript:
+ * <pre>
+ * $templateCache.get('templateId.html')
+ * </pre>
+ * 
+ * See {@link ng.$cacheFactory $cacheFactory}.
+ *
+ */
+function $TemplateCacheProvider() {
+  this.$get = ['$cacheFactory', function($cacheFactory) {
+    return $cacheFactory('templates');
+  }];
+}
+
+/* ! VARIABLE/FUNCTION NAMING CONVENTIONS THAT APPLY TO THIS FILE!
+ *
+ * DOM-related variables:
+ *
+ * - "node" - DOM Node
+ * - "element" - DOM Element or Node
+ * - "$node" or "$element" - jqLite-wrapped node or element
+ *
+ *
+ * Compiler related stuff:
+ *
+ * - "linkFn" - linking fn of a single directive
+ * - "nodeLinkFn" - function that aggregates all linking fns for a particular node
+ * - "childLinkFn" -  function that aggregates all linking fns for child nodes of a particular node
+ * - "compositeLinkFn" - function that aggregates all linking fns for a compilation root (nodeList)
+ */
+
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc function
+ * @name ng.$compile
+ * @function
+ *
+ * @description
+ * Compiles a piece of HTML string or DOM into a template and produces a template function, which
+ * can then be used to link {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope `scope`} and the template together.
+ *
+ * The compilation is a process of walking the DOM tree and matching DOM elements to
+ * {@link ng.$compileProvider#methods_directive directives}.
+ *
+ * <div class="alert alert-warning">
+ * **Note:** This document is an in-depth reference of all directive options.
+ * For a gentle introduction to directives with examples of common use cases,
+ * see the {@link guide/directive directive guide}.
+ * </div>
+ *
+ * ## Comprehensive Directive API
+ *
+ * There are many different options for a directive.
+ *
+ * The difference resides in the return value of the factory function.
+ * You can either return a "Directive Definition Object" (see below) that defines the directive properties,
+ * or just the `postLink` function (all other properties will have the default values).
+ *
+ * <div class="alert alert-success">
+ * **Best Practice:** It's recommended to use the "directive definition object" form.
+ * </div>
+ *
+ * Here's an example directive declared with a Directive Definition Object:
+ *
+ * <pre>
+ *   var myModule = angular.module(...);
+ *
+ *   myModule.directive('directiveName', function factory(injectables) {
+ *     var directiveDefinitionObject = {
+ *       priority: 0,
+ *       template: '<div></div>', // or // function(tElement, tAttrs) { ... },
+ *       // or
+ *       // templateUrl: 'directive.html', // or // function(tElement, tAttrs) { ... },
+ *       replace: false,
+ *       transclude: false,
+ *       restrict: 'A',
+ *       scope: false,
+ *       controller: function($scope, $element, $attrs, $transclude, otherInjectables) { ... },
+ *       require: 'siblingDirectiveName', // or // ['^parentDirectiveName', '?optionalDirectiveName', '?^optionalParent'],
+ *       compile: function compile(tElement, tAttrs, transclude) {
+ *         return {
+ *           pre: function preLink(scope, iElement, iAttrs, controller) { ... },
+ *           post: function postLink(scope, iElement, iAttrs, controller) { ... }
+ *         }
+ *         // or
+ *         // return function postLink( ... ) { ... }
+ *       },
+ *       // or
+ *       // link: {
+ *       //  pre: function preLink(scope, iElement, iAttrs, controller) { ... },
+ *       //  post: function postLink(scope, iElement, iAttrs, controller) { ... }
+ *       // }
+ *       // or
+ *       // link: function postLink( ... ) { ... }
+ *     };
+ *     return directiveDefinitionObject;
+ *   });
+ * </pre>
+ *
+ * <div class="alert alert-warning">
+ * **Note:** Any unspecified options will use the default value. You can see the default values below.
+ * </div>
+ *
+ * Therefore the above can be simplified as:
+ *
+ * <pre>
+ *   var myModule = angular.module(...);
+ *
+ *   myModule.directive('directiveName', function factory(injectables) {
+ *     var directiveDefinitionObject = {
+ *       link: function postLink(scope, iElement, iAttrs) { ... }
+ *     };
+ *     return directiveDefinitionObject;
+ *     // or
+ *     // return function postLink(scope, iElement, iAttrs) { ... }
+ *   });
+ * </pre>
+ *
+ *
+ *
+ * ### Directive Definition Object
+ *
+ * The directive definition object provides instructions to the {@link api/ng.$compile
+ * compiler}. The attributes are:
+ *
+ * #### `priority`
+ * When there are multiple directives defined on a single DOM element, sometimes it
+ * is necessary to specify the order in which the directives are applied. The `priority` is used
+ * to sort the directives before their `compile` functions get called. Priority is defined as a
+ * number. Directives with greater numerical `priority` are compiled first. Pre-link functions
+ * are also run in priority order, but post-link functions are run in reverse order. The order
+ * of directives with the same priority is undefined. The default priority is `0`.
+ *
+ * #### `terminal`
+ * If set to true then the current `priority` will be the last set of directives
+ * which will execute (any directives at the current priority will still execute
+ * as the order of execution on same `priority` is undefined).
+ *
+ * #### `scope`
+ * **If set to `true`,** then a new scope will be created for this directive. If multiple directives on the
+ * same element request a new scope, only one new scope is created. The new scope rule does not
+ * apply for the root of the template since the root of the template always gets a new scope.
+ *
+ * **If set to `{}` (object hash),** then a new "isolate" scope is created. The 'isolate' scope differs from
+ * normal scope in that it does not prototypically inherit from the parent scope. This is useful
+ * when creating reusable components, which should not accidentally read or modify data in the
+ * parent scope.
+ *
+ * The 'isolate' scope takes an object hash which defines a set of local scope properties
+ * derived from the parent scope. These local properties are useful for aliasing values for
+ * templates. Locals definition is a hash of local scope property to its source:
+ *
+ * * `@` or `@attr` - bind a local scope property to the value of DOM attribute. The result is
+ *   always a string since DOM attributes are strings. If no `attr` name is specified  then the
+ *   attribute name is assumed to be the same as the local name.
+ *   Given `<widget my-attr="hello {{name}}">` and widget definition
+ *   of `scope: { localName:'@myAttr' }`, then widget scope property `localName` will reflect
+ *   the interpolated value of `hello {{name}}`. As the `name` attribute changes so will the
+ *   `localName` property on the widget scope. The `name` is read from the parent scope (not
+ *   component scope).
+ *
+ * * `=` or `=attr` - set up bi-directional binding between a local scope property and the
+ *   parent scope property of name defined via the value of the `attr` attribute. If no `attr`
+ *   name is specified then the attribute name is assumed to be the same as the local name.
+ *   Given `<widget my-attr="parentModel">` and widget definition of
+ *   `scope: { localModel:'=myAttr' }`, then widget scope property `localModel` will reflect the
+ *   value of `parentModel` on the parent scope. Any changes to `parentModel` will be reflected
+ *   in `localModel` and any changes in `localModel` will reflect in `parentModel`. If the parent
+ *   scope property doesn't exist, it will throw a NON_ASSIGNABLE_MODEL_EXPRESSION exception. You
+ *   can avoid this behavior using `=?` or `=?attr` in order to flag the property as optional.
+ *
+ * * `&` or `&attr` - provides a way to execute an expression in the context of the parent scope.
+ *   If no `attr` name is specified then the attribute name is assumed to be the same as the
+ *   local name. Given `<widget my-attr="count = count + value">` and widget definition of
+ *   `scope: { localFn:'&myAttr' }`, then isolate scope property `localFn` will point to
+ *   a function wrapper for the `count = count + value` expression. Often it's desirable to
+ *   pass data from the isolated scope via an expression and to the parent scope, this can be
+ *   done by passing a map of local variable names and values into the expression wrapper fn.
+ *   For example, if the expression is `increment(amount)` then we can specify the amount value
+ *   by calling the `localFn` as `localFn({amount: 22})`.
+ *
+ *
+ *
+ * #### `controller`
+ * Controller constructor function. The controller is instantiated before the
+ * pre-linking phase and it is shared with other directives (see
+ * `require` attribute). This allows the directives to communicate with each other and augment
+ * each other's behavior. The controller is injectable (and supports bracket notation) with the following locals:
+ *
+ * * `$scope` - Current scope associated with the element
+ * * `$element` - Current element
+ * * `$attrs` - Current attributes object for the element
+ * * `$transclude` - A transclude linking function pre-bound to the correct transclusion scope.
+ *    The scope can be overridden by an optional first argument.
+ *   `function([scope], cloneLinkingFn)`.
+ *
+ *
+ * #### `require`
+ * Require another directive and inject its controller as the fourth argument to the linking function. The
+ * `require` takes a string name (or array of strings) of the directive(s) to pass in. If an array is used, the
+ * injected argument will be an array in corresponding order. If no such directive can be
+ * found, or if the directive does not have a controller, then an error is raised. The name can be prefixed with:
+ *
+ * * (no prefix) - Locate the required controller on the current element. Throw an error if not found.
+ * * `?` - Attempt to locate the required controller or pass `null` to the `link` fn if not found.
+ * * `^` - Locate the required controller by searching the element's parents. Throw an error if not found.
+ * * `?^` - Attempt to locate the required controller by searching the element's parents or pass `null` to the
+ *   `link` fn if not found.
+ *
+ *
+ * #### `controllerAs`
+ * Controller alias at the directive scope. An alias for the controller so it
+ * can be referenced at the directive template. The directive needs to define a scope for this
+ * configuration to be used. Useful in the case when directive is used as component.
+ *
+ *
+ * #### `restrict`
+ * String of subset of `EACM` which restricts the directive to a specific directive
+ * declaration style. If omitted, the default (attributes only) is used.
+ *
+ * * `E` - Element name: `<my-directive></my-directive>`
+ * * `A` - Attribute (default): `<div my-directive="exp"></div>`
+ * * `C` - Class: `<div class="my-directive: exp;"></div>`
+ * * `M` - Comment: `<!-- directive: my-directive exp -->`
+ *
+ *
+ * #### `template`
+ * replace the current element with the contents of the HTML. The replacement process
+ * migrates all of the attributes / classes from the old element to the new one. See the
+ * {@link guide/directive#creating-custom-directives_creating-directives_template-expanding-directive
+ * Directives Guide} for an example.
+ *
+ * You can specify `template` as a string representing the template or as a function which takes
+ * two arguments `tElement` and `tAttrs` (described in the `compile` function api below) and
+ * returns a string value representing the template.
+ *
+ *
+ * #### `templateUrl`
+ * Same as `template` but the template is loaded from the specified URL. Because
+ * the template loading is asynchronous the compilation/linking is suspended until the template
+ * is loaded.
+ *
+ * You can specify `templateUrl` as a string representing the URL or as a function which takes two
+ * arguments `tElement` and `tAttrs` (described in the `compile` function api below) and returns
+ * a string value representing the url.  In either case, the template URL is passed through {@link
+ * api/ng.$sce#methods_getTrustedResourceUrl $sce.getTrustedResourceUrl}.
+ *
+ *
+ * #### `replace`
+ * specify where the template should be inserted. Defaults to `false`.
+ *
+ * * `true` - the template will replace the current element.
+ * * `false` - the template will replace the contents of the current element.
+ *
+ *
+ * #### `transclude`
+ * compile the content of the element and make it available to the directive.
+ * Typically used with {@link api/ng.directive:ngTransclude
+ * ngTransclude}. The advantage of transclusion is that the linking function receives a
+ * transclusion function which is pre-bound to the correct scope. In a typical setup the widget
+ * creates an `isolate` scope, but the transclusion is not a child, but a sibling of the `isolate`
+ * scope. This makes it possible for the widget to have private state, and the transclusion to
+ * be bound to the parent (pre-`isolate`) scope.
+ *
+ * * `true` - transclude the content of the directive.
+ * * `'element'` - transclude the whole element including any directives defined at lower priority.
+ *
+ *
+ * #### `compile`
+ *
+ * <pre>
+ *   function compile(tElement, tAttrs, transclude) { ... }
+ * </pre>
+ *
+ * The compile function deals with transforming the template DOM. Since most directives do not do
+ * template transformation, it is not used often. Examples that require compile functions are
+ * directives that transform template DOM, such as {@link
+ * api/ng.directive:ngRepeat ngRepeat}, or load the contents
+ * asynchronously, such as {@link api/ngRoute.directive:ngView ngView}. The
+ * compile function takes the following arguments.
+ *
+ *   * `tElement` - template element - The element where the directive has been declared. It is
+ *     safe to do template transformation on the element and child elements only.
+ *
+ *   * `tAttrs` - template attributes - Normalized list of attributes declared on this element shared
+ *     between all directive compile functions.
+ *
+ *   * `transclude` -  [*DEPRECATED*!] A transclude linking function: `function(scope, cloneLinkingFn)`
+ *
+ * <div class="alert alert-warning">
+ * **Note:** The template instance and the link instance may be different objects if the template has
+ * been cloned. For this reason it is **not** safe to do anything other than DOM transformations that
+ * apply to all cloned DOM nodes within the compile function. Specifically, DOM listener registration
+ * should be done in a linking function rather than in a compile function.
+ * </div>
+ *
+ * <div class="alert alert-error">
+ * **Note:** The `transclude` function that is passed to the compile function is deprecated, as it
+ *   e.g. does not know about the right outer scope. Please use the transclude function that is passed
+ *   to the link function instead.
+ * </div>
+
+ * A compile function can have a return value which can be either a function or an object.
+ *
+ * * returning a (post-link) function - is equivalent to registering the linking function via the
+ *   `link` property of the config object when the compile function is empty.
+ *
+ * * returning an object with function(s) registered via `pre` and `post` properties - allows you to
+ *   control when a linking function should be called during the linking phase. See info about
+ *   pre-linking and post-linking functions below.
+ *
+ *
+ * #### `link`
+ * This property is used only if the `compile` property is not defined.
+ *
+ * <pre>
+ *   function link(scope, iElement, iAttrs, controller, transcludeFn) { ... }
+ * </pre>
+ *
+ * The link function is responsible for registering DOM listeners as well as updating the DOM. It is
+ * executed after the template has been cloned. This is where most of the directive logic will be
+ * put.
+ *
+ *   * `scope` - {@link api/ng.$rootScope.Scope Scope} - The scope to be used by the
+ *     directive for registering {@link api/ng.$rootScope.Scope#methods_$watch watches}.
+ *
+ *   * `iElement` - instance element - The element where the directive is to be used. It is safe to
+ *     manipulate the children of the element only in `postLink` function since the children have
+ *     already been linked.
+ *
+ *   * `iAttrs` - instance attributes - Normalized list of attributes declared on this element shared
+ *     between all directive linking functions.
+ *
+ *   * `controller` - a controller instance - A controller instance if at least one directive on the
+ *     element defines a controller. The controller is shared among all the directives, which allows
+ *     the directives to use the controllers as a communication channel.
+ *
+ *   * `transcludeFn` - A transclude linking function pre-bound to the correct transclusion scope.
+ *     The scope can be overridden by an optional first argument. This is the same as the `$transclude`
+ *     parameter of directive controllers.
+ *     `function([scope], cloneLinkingFn)`.
+ *
+ *
+ * #### Pre-linking function
+ *
+ * Executed before the child elements are linked. Not safe to do DOM transformation since the
+ * compiler linking function will fail to locate the correct elements for linking.
+ *
+ * #### Post-linking function
+ *
+ * Executed after the child elements are linked. It is safe to do DOM transformation in the post-linking function.
+ *
+ * <a name="Attributes"></a>
+ * ### Attributes
+ *
+ * The {@link api/ng.$compile.directive.Attributes Attributes} object - passed as a parameter in the
+ * `link()` or `compile()` functions. It has a variety of uses.
+ *
+ * accessing *Normalized attribute names:*
+ * Directives like 'ngBind' can be expressed in many ways: 'ng:bind', `data-ng-bind`, or 'x-ng-bind'.
+ * the attributes object allows for normalized access to
+ *   the attributes.
+ *
+ * * *Directive inter-communication:* All directives share the same instance of the attributes
+ *   object which allows the directives to use the attributes object as inter directive
+ *   communication.
+ *
+ * * *Supports interpolation:* Interpolation attributes are assigned to the attribute object
+ *   allowing other directives to read the interpolated value.
+ *
+ * * *Observing interpolated attributes:* Use `$observe` to observe the value changes of attributes
+ *   that contain interpolation (e.g. `src="{{bar}}"`). Not only is this very efficient but it's also
+ *   the only way to easily get the actual value because during the linking phase the interpolation
+ *   hasn't been evaluated yet and so the value is at this time set to `undefined`.
+ *
+ * <pre>
+ * function linkingFn(scope, elm, attrs, ctrl) {
+ *   // get the attribute value
+ *   console.log(attrs.ngModel);
+ *
+ *   // change the attribute
+ *   attrs.$set('ngModel', 'new value');
+ *
+ *   // observe changes to interpolated attribute
+ *   attrs.$observe('ngModel', function(value) {
+ *     console.log('ngModel has changed value to ' + value);
+ *   });
+ * }
+ * </pre>
+ *
+ * Below is an example using `$compileProvider`.
+ *
+ * <div class="alert alert-warning">
+ * **Note**: Typically directives are registered with `module.directive`. The example below is
+ * to illustrate how `$compile` works.
+ * </div>
+ *
+ <doc:example module="compile">
+   <doc:source>
+    <script>
+      angular.module('compile', [], function($compileProvider) {
+        // configure new 'compile' directive by passing a directive
+        // factory function. The factory function injects the '$compile'
+        $compileProvider.directive('compile', function($compile) {
+          // directive factory creates a link function
+          return function(scope, element, attrs) {
+            scope.$watch(
+              function(scope) {
+                 // watch the 'compile' expression for changes
+                return scope.$eval(attrs.compile);
+              },
+              function(value) {
+                // when the 'compile' expression changes
+                // assign it into the current DOM
+                element.html(value);
+
+                // compile the new DOM and link it to the current
+                // scope.
+                // NOTE: we only compile .childNodes so that
+                // we don't get into infinite loop compiling ourselves
+                $compile(element.contents())(scope);
+              }
+            );
+          };
+        })
+      });
+
+      function Ctrl($scope) {
+        $scope.name = 'Angular';
+        $scope.html = 'Hello {{name}}';
+      }
+    </script>
+    <div ng-controller="Ctrl">
+      <input ng-model="name"> <br>
+      <textarea ng-model="html"></textarea> <br>
+      <div compile="html"></div>
+    </div>
+   </doc:source>
+   <doc:scenario>
+     it('should auto compile', function() {
+       expect(element('div[compile]').text()).toBe('Hello Angular');
+       input('html').enter('{{name}}!');
+       expect(element('div[compile]').text()).toBe('Angular!');
+     });
+   </doc:scenario>
+ </doc:example>
+
+ *
+ *
+ * @param {string|DOMElement} element Element or HTML string to compile into a template function.
+ * @param {function(angular.Scope[, cloneAttachFn]} transclude function available to directives.
+ * @param {number} maxPriority only apply directives lower then given priority (Only effects the
+ *                 root element(s), not their children)
+ * @returns {function(scope[, cloneAttachFn])} a link function which is used to bind template
+ * (a DOM element/tree) to a scope. Where:
+ *
+ *  * `scope` - A {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope Scope} to bind to.
+ *  * `cloneAttachFn` - If `cloneAttachFn` is provided, then the link function will clone the
+ *  `template` and call the `cloneAttachFn` function allowing the caller to attach the
+ *  cloned elements to the DOM document at the appropriate place. The `cloneAttachFn` is
+ *  called as: <br> `cloneAttachFn(clonedElement, scope)` where:
+ *
+ *      * `clonedElement` - is a clone of the original `element` passed into the compiler.
+ *      * `scope` - is the current scope with which the linking function is working with.
+ *
+ * Calling the linking function returns the element of the template. It is either the original
+ * element passed in, or the clone of the element if the `cloneAttachFn` is provided.
+ *
+ * After linking the view is not updated until after a call to $digest which typically is done by
+ * Angular automatically.
+ *
+ * If you need access to the bound view, there are two ways to do it:
+ *
+ * - If you are not asking the linking function to clone the template, create the DOM element(s)
+ *   before you send them to the compiler and keep this reference around.
+ *   <pre>
+ *     var element = $compile('<p>{{total}}</p>')(scope);
+ *   </pre>
+ *
+ * - if on the other hand, you need the element to be cloned, the view reference from the original
+ *   example would not point to the clone, but rather to the original template that was cloned. In
+ *   this case, you can access the clone via the cloneAttachFn:
+ *   <pre>
+ *     var templateHTML = angular.element('<p>{{total}}</p>'),
+ *         scope = ....;
+ *
+ *     var clonedElement = $compile(templateHTML)(scope, function(clonedElement, scope) {
+ *       //attach the clone to DOM document at the right place
+ *     });
+ *
+ *     //now we have reference to the cloned DOM via `clone`
+ *   </pre>
+ *
+ *
+ * For information on how the compiler works, see the
+ * {@link guide/compiler Angular HTML Compiler} section of the Developer Guide.
+ */
+
+var $compileMinErr = minErr('$compile');
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc service
+ * @name ng.$compileProvider
+ * @function
+ *
+ * @description
+ */
+$CompileProvider.$inject = ['$provide', '$$sanitizeUriProvider'];
+function $CompileProvider($provide, $$sanitizeUriProvider) {
+  var hasDirectives = {},
+      Suffix = 'Directive',
+      COMMENT_DIRECTIVE_REGEXP = /^\s*directive\:\s*([\d\w\-_]+)\s+(.*)$/,
+      CLASS_DIRECTIVE_REGEXP = /(([\d\w\-_]+)(?:\:([^;]+))?;?)/;
+
+  // Ref: http://developers.whatwg.org/webappapis.html#event-handler-idl-attributes
+  // The assumption is that future DOM event attribute names will begin with
+  // 'on' and be composed of only English letters.
+  var EVENT_HANDLER_ATTR_REGEXP = /^(on[a-z]+|formaction)$/;
+
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc function
+   * @name ng.$compileProvider#directive
+   * @methodOf ng.$compileProvider
+   * @function
+   *
+   * @description
+   * Register a new directive with the compiler.
+   *
+   * @param {string|Object} name Name of the directive in camel-case (i.e. <code>ngBind</code> which
+   *    will match as <code>ng-bind</code>), or an object map of directives where the keys are the
+   *    names and the values are the factories.
+   * @param {function|Array} directiveFactory An injectable directive factory function. See
+   *    {@link guide/directive} for more info.
+   * @returns {ng.$compileProvider} Self for chaining.
+   */
+   this.directive = function registerDirective(name, directiveFactory) {
+    assertNotHasOwnProperty(name, 'directive');
+    if (isString(name)) {
+      assertArg(directiveFactory, 'directiveFactory');
+      if (!hasDirectives.hasOwnProperty(name)) {
+        hasDirectives[name] = [];
+        $provide.factory(name + Suffix, ['$injector', '$exceptionHandler',
+          function($injector, $exceptionHandler) {
+            var directives = [];
+            forEach(hasDirectives[name], function(directiveFactory, index) {
+              try {
+                var directive = $injector.invoke(directiveFactory);
+                if (isFunction(directive)) {
+                  directive = { compile: valueFn(directive) };
+                } else if (!directive.compile && directive.link) {
+                  directive.compile = valueFn(directive.link);
+                }
+                directive.priority = directive.priority || 0;
+                directive.index = index;
+                directive.name = directive.name || name;
+                directive.require = directive.require || (directive.controller && directive.name);
+                directive.restrict = directive.restrict || 'A';
+                directives.push(directive);
+              } catch (e) {
+                $exceptionHandler(e);
+              }
+            });
+            return directives;
+          }]);
+      }
+      hasDirectives[name].push(directiveFactory);
+    } else {
+      forEach(name, reverseParams(registerDirective));
+    }
+    return this;
+  };
+
+
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc function
+   * @name ng.$compileProvider#aHrefSanitizationWhitelist
+   * @methodOf ng.$compileProvider
+   * @function
+   *
+   * @description
+   * Retrieves or overrides the default regular expression that is used for whitelisting of safe
+   * urls during a[href] sanitization.
+   *
+   * The sanitization is a security measure aimed at prevent XSS attacks via html links.
+   *
+   * Any url about to be assigned to a[href] via data-binding is first normalized and turned into
+   * an absolute url. Afterwards, the url is matched against the `aHrefSanitizationWhitelist`
+   * regular expression. If a match is found, the original url is written into the dom. Otherwise,
+   * the absolute url is prefixed with `'unsafe:'` string and only then is it written into the DOM.
+   *
+   * @param {RegExp=} regexp New regexp to whitelist urls with.
+   * @returns {RegExp|ng.$compileProvider} Current RegExp if called without value or self for
+   *    chaining otherwise.
+   */
+  this.aHrefSanitizationWhitelist = function(regexp) {
+    if (isDefined(regexp)) {
+      $$sanitizeUriProvider.aHrefSanitizationWhitelist(regexp);
+      return this;
+    } else {
+      return $$sanitizeUriProvider.aHrefSanitizationWhitelist();
+    }
+  };
+
+
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc function
+   * @name ng.$compileProvider#imgSrcSanitizationWhitelist
+   * @methodOf ng.$compileProvider
+   * @function
+   *
+   * @description
+   * Retrieves or overrides the default regular expression that is used for whitelisting of safe
+   * urls during img[src] sanitization.
+   *
+   * The sanitization is a security measure aimed at prevent XSS attacks via html links.
+   *
+   * Any url about to be assigned to img[src] via data-binding is first normalized and turned into
+   * an absolute url. Afterwards, the url is matched against the `imgSrcSanitizationWhitelist`
+   * regular expression. If a match is found, the original url is written into the dom. Otherwise,
+   * the absolute url is prefixed with `'unsafe:'` string and only then is it written into the DOM.
+   *
+   * @param {RegExp=} regexp New regexp to whitelist urls with.
+   * @returns {RegExp|ng.$compileProvider} Current RegExp if called without value or self for
+   *    chaining otherwise.
+   */
+  this.imgSrcSanitizationWhitelist = function(regexp) {
+    if (isDefined(regexp)) {
+      $$sanitizeUriProvider.imgSrcSanitizationWhitelist(regexp);
+      return this;
+    } else {
+      return $$sanitizeUriProvider.imgSrcSanitizationWhitelist();
+    }
+  };
+
+  this.$get = [
+            '$injector', '$interpolate', '$exceptionHandler', '$http', '$templateCache', '$parse',
+            '$controller', '$rootScope', '$document', '$sce', '$animate', '$$sanitizeUri',
+    function($injector,   $interpolate,   $exceptionHandler,   $http,   $templateCache,   $parse,
+             $controller,   $rootScope,   $document,   $sce,   $animate,   $$sanitizeUri) {
+
+    var Attributes = function(element, attr) {
+      this.$$element = element;
+      this.$attr = attr || {};
+    };
+
+    Attributes.prototype = {
+      $normalize: directiveNormalize,
+
+
+      /**
+       * @ngdoc function
+       * @name ng.$compile.directive.Attributes#$addClass
+       * @methodOf ng.$compile.directive.Attributes
+       * @function
+       *
+       * @description
+       * Adds the CSS class value specified by the classVal parameter to the element. If animations
+       * are enabled then an animation will be triggered for the class addition.
+       *
+       * @param {string} classVal The className value that will be added to the element
+       */
+      $addClass : function(classVal) {
+        if(classVal && classVal.length > 0) {
+          $animate.addClass(this.$$element, classVal);
+        }
+      },
+
+      /**
+       * @ngdoc function
+       * @name ng.$compile.directive.Attributes#$removeClass
+       * @methodOf ng.$compile.directive.Attributes
+       * @function
+       *
+       * @description
+       * Removes the CSS class value specified by the classVal parameter from the element. If
+       * animations are enabled then an animation will be triggered for the class removal.
+       *
+       * @param {string} classVal The className value that will be removed from the element
+       */
+      $removeClass : function(classVal) {
+        if(classVal && classVal.length > 0) {
+          $animate.removeClass(this.$$element, classVal);
+        }
+      },
+
+      /**
+       * @ngdoc function
+       * @name ng.$compile.directive.Attributes#$updateClass
+       * @methodOf ng.$compile.directive.Attributes
+       * @function
+       *
+       * @description
+       * Adds and removes the appropriate CSS class values to the element based on the difference
+       * between the new and old CSS class values (specified as newClasses and oldClasses).
+       *
+       * @param {string} newClasses The current CSS className value
+       * @param {string} oldClasses The former CSS className value
+       */
+      $updateClass : function(newClasses, oldClasses) {
+        this.$removeClass(tokenDifference(oldClasses, newClasses));
+        this.$addClass(tokenDifference(newClasses, oldClasses));
+      },
+
+      /**
+       * Set a normalized attribute on the element in a way such that all directives
+       * can share the attribute. This function properly handles boolean attributes.
+       * @param {string} key Normalized key. (ie ngAttribute)
+       * @param {string|boolean} value The value to set. If `null` attribute will be deleted.
+       * @param {boolean=} writeAttr If false, does not write the value to DOM element attribute.
+       *     Defaults to true.
+       * @param {string=} attrName Optional none normalized name. Defaults to key.
+       */
+      $set: function(key, value, writeAttr, attrName) {
+        // TODO: decide whether or not to throw an error if "class"
+        //is set through this function since it may cause $updateClass to
+        //become unstable.
+
+        var booleanKey = getBooleanAttrName(this.$$element[0], key),
+            normalizedVal,
+            nodeName;
+
+        if (booleanKey) {
+          this.$$element.prop(key, value);
+          attrName = booleanKey;
+        }
+
+        this[key] = value;
+
+        // translate normalized key to actual key
+        if (attrName) {
+          this.$attr[key] = attrName;
+        } else {
+          attrName = this.$attr[key];
+          if (!attrName) {
+            this.$attr[key] = attrName = snake_case(key, '-');
+          }
+        }
+
+        nodeName = nodeName_(this.$$element);
+
+        // sanitize a[href] and img[src] values
+        if ((nodeName === 'A' && key === 'href') ||
+            (nodeName === 'IMG' && key === 'src')) {
+          this[key] = value = $$sanitizeUri(value, key === 'src');
+        }
+
+        if (writeAttr !== false) {
+          if (value === null || value === undefined) {
+            this.$$element.removeAttr(attrName);
+          } else {
+            this.$$element.attr(attrName, value);
+          }
+        }
+
+        // fire observers
+        var $$observers = this.$$observers;
+        $$observers && forEach($$observers[key], function(fn) {
+          try {
+            fn(value);
+          } catch (e) {
+            $exceptionHandler(e);
+          }
+        });
+      },
+
+
+      /**
+       * @ngdoc function
+       * @name ng.$compile.directive.Attributes#$observe
+       * @methodOf ng.$compile.directive.Attributes
+       * @function
+       *
+       * @description
+       * Observes an interpolated attribute.
+       *
+       * The observer function will be invoked once during the next `$digest` following
+       * compilation. The observer is then invoked whenever the interpolated value
+       * changes.
+       *
+       * @param {string} key Normalized key. (ie ngAttribute) .
+       * @param {function(interpolatedValue)} fn Function that will be called whenever
+                the interpolated value of the attribute changes.
+       *        See the {@link guide/directive#Attributes Directives} guide for more info.
+       * @returns {function()} the `fn` parameter.
+       */
+      $observe: function(key, fn) {
+        var attrs = this,
+            $$observers = (attrs.$$observers || (attrs.$$observers = {})),
+            listeners = ($$observers[key] || ($$observers[key] = []));
+
+        listeners.push(fn);
+        $rootScope.$evalAsync(function() {
+          if (!listeners.$$inter) {
+            // no one registered attribute interpolation function, so lets call it manually
+            fn(attrs[key]);
+          }
+        });
+        return fn;
+      }
+    };
+
+    var startSymbol = $interpolate.startSymbol(),
+        endSymbol = $interpolate.endSymbol(),
+        denormalizeTemplate = (startSymbol == '{{' || endSymbol  == '}}')
+            ? identity
+            : function denormalizeTemplate(template) {
+              return template.replace(/\{\{/g, startSymbol).replace(/}}/g, endSymbol);
+        },
+        NG_ATTR_BINDING = /^ngAttr[A-Z]/;
+
+
+    return compile;
+
+    //================================
+
+    function compile($compileNodes, transcludeFn, maxPriority, ignoreDirective,
+                        previousCompileContext) {
+      if (!($compileNodes instanceof jqLite)) {
+        // jquery always rewraps, whereas we need to preserve the original selector so that we can
+        // modify it.
+        $compileNodes = jqLite($compileNodes);
+      }
+      // We can not compile top level text elements since text nodes can be merged and we will
+      // not be able to attach scope data to them, so we will wrap them in <span>
+      forEach($compileNodes, function(node, index){
+        if (node.nodeType == 3 /* text node */ && node.nodeValue.match(/\S+/) /* non-empty */ ) {
+          $compileNodes[index] = node = jqLite(node).wrap('<span></span>').parent()[0];
+        }
+      });
+      var compositeLinkFn =
+              compileNodes($compileNodes, transcludeFn, $compileNodes,
+                           maxPriority, ignoreDirective, previousCompileContext);
+      return function publicLinkFn(scope, cloneConnectFn, transcludeControllers){
+        assertArg(scope, 'scope');
+        // important!!: we must call our jqLite.clone() since the jQuery one is trying to be smart
+        // and sometimes changes the structure of the DOM.
+        var $linkNode = cloneConnectFn
+          ? JQLitePrototype.clone.call($compileNodes) // IMPORTANT!!!
+          : $compileNodes;
+
+        forEach(transcludeControllers, function(instance, name) {
+          $linkNode.data('$' + name + 'Controller', instance);
+        });
+
+        // Attach scope only to non-text nodes.
+        for(var i = 0, ii = $linkNode.length; i<ii; i++) {
+          var node = $linkNode[i];
+          if (node.nodeType == 1 /* element */ || node.nodeType == 9 /* document */) {
+            $linkNode.eq(i).data('$scope', scope);
+          }
+        }
+        safeAddClass($linkNode, 'ng-scope');
+        if (cloneConnectFn) cloneConnectFn($linkNode, scope);
+        if (compositeLinkFn) compositeLinkFn(scope, $linkNode, $linkNode);
+        return $linkNode;
+      };
+    }
+
+    function safeAddClass($element, className) {
+      try {
+        $element.addClass(className);
+      } catch(e) {
+        // ignore, since it means that we are trying to set class on
+        // SVG element, where class name is read-only.
+      }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Compile function matches each node in nodeList against the directives. Once all directives
+     * for a particular node are collected their compile functions are executed. The compile
+     * functions return values - the linking functions - are combined into a composite linking
+     * function, which is the a linking function for the node.
+     *
+     * @param {NodeList} nodeList an array of nodes or NodeList to compile
+     * @param {function(angular.Scope[, cloneAttachFn]} transcludeFn A linking function, where the
+     *        scope argument is auto-generated to the new child of the transcluded parent scope.
+     * @param {DOMElement=} $rootElement If the nodeList is the root of the compilation tree then
+     *        the rootElement must be set the jqLite collection of the compile root. This is
+     *        needed so that the jqLite collection items can be replaced with widgets.
+     * @param {number=} max directive priority
+     * @returns {?function} A composite linking function of all of the matched directives or null.
+     */
+    function compileNodes(nodeList, transcludeFn, $rootElement, maxPriority, ignoreDirective,
+                            previousCompileContext) {
+      var linkFns = [],
+          nodeLinkFn, childLinkFn, directives, attrs, linkFnFound;
+
+      for(var i = 0; i < nodeList.length; i++) {
+        attrs = new Attributes();
+
+        // we must always refer to nodeList[i] since the nodes can be replaced underneath us.
+        directives = collectDirectives(nodeList[i], [], attrs, i === 0 ? maxPriority : undefined,
+                                        ignoreDirective);
+
+        nodeLinkFn = (directives.length)
+            ? applyDirectivesToNode(directives, nodeList[i], attrs, transcludeFn, $rootElement,
+                                      null, [], [], previousCompileContext)
+            : null;
+
+        childLinkFn = (nodeLinkFn && nodeLinkFn.terminal ||
+                      !nodeList[i].childNodes ||
+                      !nodeList[i].childNodes.length)
+            ? null
+            : compileNodes(nodeList[i].childNodes,
+                 nodeLinkFn ? nodeLinkFn.transclude : transcludeFn);
+
+        linkFns.push(nodeLinkFn);
+        linkFns.push(childLinkFn);
+        linkFnFound = (linkFnFound || nodeLinkFn || childLinkFn);
+        //use the previous context only for the first element in the virtual group
+        previousCompileContext = null;
+      }
+
+      // return a linking function if we have found anything, null otherwise
+      return linkFnFound ? compositeLinkFn : null;
+
+      function compositeLinkFn(scope, nodeList, $rootElement, boundTranscludeFn) {
+        var nodeLinkFn, childLinkFn, node, $node, childScope, childTranscludeFn, i, ii, n;
+
+        // copy nodeList so that linking doesn't break due to live list updates.
+        var stableNodeList = [];
+        for (i = 0, ii = nodeList.length; i < ii; i++) {
+          stableNodeList.push(nodeList[i]);
+        }
+
+        for(i = 0, n = 0, ii = linkFns.length; i < ii; n++) {
+          node = stableNodeList[n];
+          nodeLinkFn = linkFns[i++];
+          childLinkFn = linkFns[i++];
+          $node = jqLite(node);
+
+          if (nodeLinkFn) {
+            if (nodeLinkFn.scope) {
+              childScope = scope.$new();
+              $node.data('$scope', childScope);
+              safeAddClass($node, 'ng-scope');
+            } else {
+              childScope = scope;
+            }
+            childTranscludeFn = nodeLinkFn.transclude;
+            if (childTranscludeFn || (!boundTranscludeFn && transcludeFn)) {
+              nodeLinkFn(childLinkFn, childScope, node, $rootElement,
+                createBoundTranscludeFn(scope, childTranscludeFn || transcludeFn)
+              );
+            } else {
+              nodeLinkFn(childLinkFn, childScope, node, $rootElement, boundTranscludeFn);
+            }
+          } else if (childLinkFn) {
+            childLinkFn(scope, node.childNodes, undefined, boundTranscludeFn);
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    function createBoundTranscludeFn(scope, transcludeFn) {
+      return function boundTranscludeFn(transcludedScope, cloneFn, controllers) {
+        var scopeCreated = false;
+
+        if (!transcludedScope) {
+          transcludedScope = scope.$new();
+          transcludedScope.$$transcluded = true;
+          scopeCreated = true;
+        }
+
+        var clone = transcludeFn(transcludedScope, cloneFn, controllers);
+        if (scopeCreated) {
+          clone.on('$destroy', bind(transcludedScope, transcludedScope.$destroy));
+        }
+        return clone;
+      };
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Looks for directives on the given node and adds them to the directive collection which is
+     * sorted.
+     *
+     * @param node Node to search.
+     * @param directives An array to which the directives are added to. This array is sorted before
+     *        the function returns.
+     * @param attrs The shared attrs object which is used to populate the normalized attributes.
+     * @param {number=} maxPriority Max directive priority.
+     */
+    function collectDirectives(node, directives, attrs, maxPriority, ignoreDirective) {
+      var nodeType = node.nodeType,
+          attrsMap = attrs.$attr,
+          match,
+          className;
+
+      switch(nodeType) {
+        case 1: /* Element */
+          // use the node name: <directive>
+          addDirective(directives,
+              directiveNormalize(nodeName_(node).toLowerCase()), 'E', maxPriority, ignoreDirective);
+
+          // iterate over the attributes
+          for (var attr, name, nName, ngAttrName, value, nAttrs = node.attributes,
+                   j = 0, jj = nAttrs && nAttrs.length; j < jj; j++) {
+            var attrStartName = false;
+            var attrEndName = false;
+
+            attr = nAttrs[j];
+            if (!msie || msie >= 8 || attr.specified) {
+              name = attr.name;
+              // support ngAttr attribute binding
+              ngAttrName = directiveNormalize(name);
+              if (NG_ATTR_BINDING.test(ngAttrName)) {
+                name = snake_case(ngAttrName.substr(6), '-');
+              }
+
+              var directiveNName = ngAttrName.replace(/(Start|End)$/, '');
+              if (ngAttrName === directiveNName + 'Start') {
+                attrStartName = name;
+                attrEndName = name.substr(0, name.length - 5) + 'end';
+                name = name.substr(0, name.length - 6);
+              }
+
+              nName = directiveNormalize(name.toLowerCase());
+              attrsMap[nName] = name;
+              attrs[nName] = value = trim((msie && name == 'href')
+                ? decodeURIComponent(node.getAttribute(name, 2))
+                : attr.value);
+              if (getBooleanAttrName(node, nName)) {
+                attrs[nName] = true; // presence means true
+              }
+              addAttrInterpolateDirective(node, directives, value, nName);
+              addDirective(directives, nName, 'A', maxPriority, ignoreDirective, attrStartName,
+                            attrEndName);
+            }
+          }
+
+          // use class as directive
+          className = node.className;
+          if (isString(className) && className !== '') {
+            while (match = CLASS_DIRECTIVE_REGEXP.exec(className)) {
+              nName = directiveNormalize(match[2]);
+              if (addDirective(directives, nName, 'C', maxPriority, ignoreDirective)) {
+                attrs[nName] = trim(match[3]);
+              }
+              className = className.substr(match.index + match[0].length);
+            }
+          }
+          break;
+        case 3: /* Text Node */
+          addTextInterpolateDirective(directives, node.nodeValue);
+          break;
+        case 8: /* Comment */
+          try {
+            match = COMMENT_DIRECTIVE_REGEXP.exec(node.nodeValue);
+            if (match) {
+              nName = directiveNormalize(match[1]);
+              if (addDirective(directives, nName, 'M', maxPriority, ignoreDirective)) {
+                attrs[nName] = trim(match[2]);
+              }
+            }
+          } catch (e) {
+            // turns out that under some circumstances IE9 throws errors when one attempts to read
+            // comment's node value.
+            // Just ignore it and continue. (Can't seem to reproduce in test case.)
+          }
+          break;
+      }
+
+      directives.sort(byPriority);
+      return directives;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Given a node with an directive-start it collects all of the siblings until it finds
+     * directive-end.
+     * @param node
+     * @param attrStart
+     * @param attrEnd
+     * @returns {*}
+     */
+    function groupScan(node, attrStart, attrEnd) {
+      var nodes = [];
+      var depth = 0;
+      if (attrStart && node.hasAttribute && node.hasAttribute(attrStart)) {
+        var startNode = node;
+        do {
+          if (!node) {
+            throw $compileMinErr('uterdir',
+                      "Unterminated attribute, found '{0}' but no matching '{1}' found.",
+                      attrStart, attrEnd);
+          }
+          if (node.nodeType == 1 /** Element **/) {
+            if (node.hasAttribute(attrStart)) depth++;
+            if (node.hasAttribute(attrEnd)) depth--;
+          }
+          nodes.push(node);
+          node = node.nextSibling;
+        } while (depth > 0);
+      } else {
+        nodes.push(node);
+      }
+
+      return jqLite(nodes);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Wrapper for linking function which converts normal linking function into a grouped
+     * linking function.
+     * @param linkFn
+     * @param attrStart
+     * @param attrEnd
+     * @returns {Function}
+     */
+    function groupElementsLinkFnWrapper(linkFn, attrStart, attrEnd) {
+      return function(scope, element, attrs, controllers, transcludeFn) {
+        element = groupScan(element[0], attrStart, attrEnd);
+        return linkFn(scope, element, attrs, controllers, transcludeFn);
+      };
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Once the directives have been collected, their compile functions are executed. This method
+     * is responsible for inlining directive templates as well as terminating the application
+     * of the directives if the terminal directive has been reached.
+     *
+     * @param {Array} directives Array of collected directives to execute their compile function.
+     *        this needs to be pre-sorted by priority order.
+     * @param {Node} compileNode The raw DOM node to apply the compile functions to
+     * @param {Object} templateAttrs The shared attribute function
+     * @param {function(angular.Scope[, cloneAttachFn]} transcludeFn A linking function, where the
+     *                                                  scope argument is auto-generated to the new
+     *                                                  child of the transcluded parent scope.
+     * @param {JQLite} jqCollection If we are working on the root of the compile tree then this
+     *                              argument has the root jqLite array so that we can replace nodes
+     *                              on it.
+     * @param {Object=} originalReplaceDirective An optional directive that will be ignored when
+     *                                           compiling the transclusion.
+     * @param {Array.<Function>} preLinkFns
+     * @param {Array.<Function>} postLinkFns
+     * @param {Object} previousCompileContext Context used for previous compilation of the current
+     *                                        node
+     * @returns linkFn
+     */
+    function applyDirectivesToNode(directives, compileNode, templateAttrs, transcludeFn,
+                                   jqCollection, originalReplaceDirective, preLinkFns, postLinkFns,
+                                   previousCompileContext) {
+      previousCompileContext = previousCompileContext || {};
+
+      var terminalPriority = -Number.MAX_VALUE,
+          newScopeDirective,
+          controllerDirectives = previousCompileContext.controllerDirectives,
+          newIsolateScopeDirective = previousCompileContext.newIsolateScopeDirective,
+          templateDirective = previousCompileContext.templateDirective,
+          nonTlbTranscludeDirective = previousCompileContext.nonTlbTranscludeDirective,
+          hasTranscludeDirective = false,
+          hasElementTranscludeDirective = false,
+          $compileNode = templateAttrs.$$element = jqLite(compileNode),
+          directive,
+          directiveName,
+          $template,
+          replaceDirective = originalReplaceDirective,
+          childTranscludeFn = transcludeFn,
+          linkFn,
+          directiveValue;
+
+      // executes all directives on the current element
+      for(var i = 0, ii = directives.length; i < ii; i++) {
+        directive = directives[i];
+        var attrStart = directive.$$start;
+        var attrEnd = directive.$$end;
+
+        // collect multiblock sections
+        if (attrStart) {
+          $compileNode = groupScan(compileNode, attrStart, attrEnd);
+        }
+        $template = undefined;
+
+        if (terminalPriority > directive.priority) {
+          break; // prevent further processing of directives
+        }
+
+        if (directiveValue = directive.scope) {
+          newScopeDirective = newScopeDirective || directive;
+
+          // skip the check for directives with async templates, we'll check the derived sync
+          // directive when the template arrives
+          if (!directive.templateUrl) {
+            assertNoDuplicate('new/isolated scope', newIsolateScopeDirective, directive,
+                              $compileNode);
+            if (isObject(directiveValue)) {
+              newIsolateScopeDirective = directive;
+            }
+          }
+        }
+
+        directiveName = directive.name;
+
+        if (!directive.templateUrl && directive.controller) {
+          directiveValue = directive.controller;
+          controllerDirectives = controllerDirectives || {};
+          assertNoDuplicate("'" + directiveName + "' controller",
+              controllerDirectives[directiveName], directive, $compileNode);
+          controllerDirectives[directiveName] = directive;
+        }
+
+        if (directiveValue = directive.transclude) {
+          hasTranscludeDirective = true;
+
+          // Special case ngIf and ngRepeat so that we don't complain about duplicate transclusion.
+          // This option should only be used by directives that know how to how to safely handle element transclusion,
+          // where the transcluded nodes are added or replaced after linking.
+          if (!directive.$$tlb) {
+            assertNoDuplicate('transclusion', nonTlbTranscludeDirective, directive, $compileNode);
+            nonTlbTranscludeDirective = directive;
+          }
+
+          if (directiveValue == 'element') {
+            hasElementTranscludeDirective = true;
+            terminalPriority = directive.priority;
+            $template = groupScan(compileNode, attrStart, attrEnd);
+            $compileNode = templateAttrs.$$element =
+                jqLite(document.createComment(' ' + directiveName + ': ' +
+                                              templateAttrs[directiveName] + ' '));
+            compileNode = $compileNode[0];
+            replaceWith(jqCollection, jqLite(sliceArgs($template)), compileNode);
+
+            childTranscludeFn = compile($template, transcludeFn, terminalPriority,
+                                        replaceDirective && replaceDirective.name, {
+                                          // Don't pass in:
+                                          // - controllerDirectives - otherwise we'll create duplicates controllers
+                                          // - newIsolateScopeDirective or templateDirective - combining templates with
+                                          //   element transclusion doesn't make sense.
+                                          //
+                                          // We need only nonTlbTranscludeDirective so that we prevent putting transclusion
+                                          // on the same element more than once.
+                                          nonTlbTranscludeDirective: nonTlbTranscludeDirective
+                                        });
+          } else {
+            $template = jqLite(jqLiteClone(compileNode)).contents();
+            $compileNode.empty(); // clear contents
+            childTranscludeFn = compile($template, transcludeFn);
+          }
+        }
+
+        if (directive.template) {
+          assertNoDuplicate('template', templateDirective, directive, $compileNode);
+          templateDirective = directive;
+
+          directiveValue = (isFunction(directive.template))
+              ? directive.template($compileNode, templateAttrs)
+              : directive.template;
+
+          directiveValue = denormalizeTemplate(directiveValue);
+
+          if (directive.replace) {
+            replaceDirective = directive;
+            $template = jqLite('<div>' +
+                                 trim(directiveValue) +
+                               '</div>').contents();
+            compileNode = $template[0];
+
+            if ($template.length != 1 || compileNode.nodeType !== 1) {
+              throw $compileMinErr('tplrt',
+                  "Template for directive '{0}' must have exactly one root element. {1}",
+                  directiveName, '');
+            }
+
+            replaceWith(jqCollection, $compileNode, compileNode);
+
+            var newTemplateAttrs = {$attr: {}};
+
+            // combine directives from the original node and from the template:
+            // - take the array of directives for this element
+            // - split it into two parts, those that already applied (processed) and those that weren't (unprocessed)
+            // - collect directives from the template and sort them by priority
+            // - combine directives as: processed + template + unprocessed
+            var templateDirectives = collectDirectives(compileNode, [], newTemplateAttrs);
+            var unprocessedDirectives = directives.splice(i + 1, directives.length - (i + 1));
+
+            if (newIsolateScopeDirective) {
+              markDirectivesAsIsolate(templateDirectives);
+            }
+            directives = directives.concat(templateDirectives).concat(unprocessedDirectives);
+            mergeTemplateAttributes(templateAttrs, newTemplateAttrs);
+
+            ii = directives.length;
+          } else {
+            $compileNode.html(directiveValue);
+          }
+        }
+
+        if (directive.templateUrl) {
+          assertNoDuplicate('template', templateDirective, directive, $compileNode);
+          templateDirective = directive;
+
+          if (directive.replace) {
+            replaceDirective = directive;
+          }
+
+          nodeLinkFn = compileTemplateUrl(directives.splice(i, directives.length - i), $compileNode,
+              templateAttrs, jqCollection, childTranscludeFn, preLinkFns, postLinkFns, {
+                controllerDirectives: controllerDirectives,
+                newIsolateScopeDirective: newIsolateScopeDirective,
+                templateDirective: templateDirective,
+                nonTlbTranscludeDirective: nonTlbTranscludeDirective
+              });
+          ii = directives.length;
+        } else if (directive.compile) {
+          try {
+            linkFn = directive.compile($compileNode, templateAttrs, childTranscludeFn);
+            if (isFunction(linkFn)) {
+              addLinkFns(null, linkFn, attrStart, attrEnd);
+            } else if (linkFn) {
+              addLinkFns(linkFn.pre, linkFn.post, attrStart, attrEnd);
+            }
+          } catch (e) {
+            $exceptionHandler(e, startingTag($compileNode));
+          }
+        }
+
+        if (directive.terminal) {
+          nodeLinkFn.terminal = true;
+          terminalPriority = Math.max(terminalPriority, directive.priority);
+        }
+
+      }
+
+      nodeLinkFn.scope = newScopeDirective && newScopeDirective.scope === true;
+      nodeLinkFn.transclude = hasTranscludeDirective && childTranscludeFn;
+
+      // might be normal or delayed nodeLinkFn depending on if templateUrl is present
+      return nodeLinkFn;
+
+      ////////////////////
+
+      function addLinkFns(pre, post, attrStart, attrEnd) {
+        if (pre) {
+          if (attrStart) pre = groupElementsLinkFnWrapper(pre, attrStart, attrEnd);
+          pre.require = directive.require;
+          if (newIsolateScopeDirective === directive || directive.$$isolateScope) {
+            pre = cloneAndAnnotateFn(pre, {isolateScope: true});
+          }
+          preLinkFns.push(pre);
+        }
+        if (post) {
+          if (attrStart) post = groupElementsLinkFnWrapper(post, attrStart, attrEnd);
+          post.require = directive.require;
+          if (newIsolateScopeDirective === directive || directive.$$isolateScope) {
+            post = cloneAndAnnotateFn(post, {isolateScope: true});
+          }
+          postLinkFns.push(post);
+        }
+      }
+
+
+      function getControllers(require, $element, elementControllers) {
+        var value, retrievalMethod = 'data', optional = false;
+        if (isString(require)) {
+          while((value = require.charAt(0)) == '^' || value == '?') {
+            require = require.substr(1);
+            if (value == '^') {
+              retrievalMethod = 'inheritedData';
+            }
+            optional = optional || value == '?';
+          }
+          value = null;
+
+          if (elementControllers && retrievalMethod === 'data') {
+            value = elementControllers[require];
+          }
+          value = value || $element[retrievalMethod]('$' + require + 'Controller');
+
+          if (!value && !optional) {
+            throw $compileMinErr('ctreq',
+                "Controller '{0}', required by directive '{1}', can't be found!",
+                require, directiveName);
+          }
+          return value;
+        } else if (isArray(require)) {
+          value = [];
+          forEach(require, function(require) {
+            value.push(getControllers(require, $element, elementControllers));
+          });
+        }
+        return value;
+      }
+
+
+      function nodeLinkFn(childLinkFn, scope, linkNode, $rootElement, boundTranscludeFn) {
+        var attrs, $element, i, ii, linkFn, controller, isolateScope, elementControllers = {}, transcludeFn;
+
+        if (compileNode === linkNode) {
+          attrs = templateAttrs;
+        } else {
+          attrs = shallowCopy(templateAttrs, new Attributes(jqLite(linkNode), templateAttrs.$attr));
+        }
+        $element = attrs.$$element;
+
+        if (newIsolateScopeDirective) {
+          var LOCAL_REGEXP = /^\s*([@=&])(\??)\s*(\w*)\s*$/;
+          var $linkNode = jqLite(linkNode);
+
+          isolateScope = scope.$new(true);
+
+          if (templateDirective && (templateDirective === newIsolateScopeDirective.$$originalDirective)) {
+            $linkNode.data('$isolateScope', isolateScope) ;
+          } else {
+            $linkNode.data('$isolateScopeNoTemplate', isolateScope);
+          }
+
+
+
+          safeAddClass($linkNode, 'ng-isolate-scope');
+
+          forEach(newIsolateScopeDirective.scope, function(definition, scopeName) {
+            var match = definition.match(LOCAL_REGEXP) || [],
+                attrName = match[3] || scopeName,
+                optional = (match[2] == '?'),
+                mode = match[1], // @, =, or &
+                lastValue,
+                parentGet, parentSet, compare;
+
+            isolateScope.$$isolateBindings[scopeName] = mode + attrName;
+
+            switch (mode) {
+
+              case '@':
+                attrs.$observe(attrName, function(value) {
+                  isolateScope[scopeName] = value;
+                });
+                attrs.$$observers[attrName].$$scope = scope;
+                if( attrs[attrName] ) {
+                  // If the attribute has been provided then we trigger an interpolation to ensure
+                  // the value is there for use in the link fn
+                  isolateScope[scopeName] = $interpolate(attrs[attrName])(scope);
+                }
+                break;
+
+              case '=':
+                if (optional && !attrs[attrName]) {
+                  return;
+                }
+                parentGet = $parse(attrs[attrName]);
+                if (parentGet.literal) {
+                  compare = equals;
+                } else {
+                  compare = function(a,b) { return a === b; };
+                }
+                parentSet = parentGet.assign || function() {
+                  // reset the change, or we will throw this exception on every $digest
+                  lastValue = isolateScope[scopeName] = parentGet(scope);
+                  throw $compileMinErr('nonassign',
+                      "Expression '{0}' used with directive '{1}' is non-assignable!",
+                      attrs[attrName], newIsolateScopeDirective.name);
+                };
+                lastValue = isolateScope[scopeName] = parentGet(scope);
+                isolateScope.$watch(function parentValueWatch() {
+                  var parentValue = parentGet(scope);
+                  if (!compare(parentValue, isolateScope[scopeName])) {
+                    // we are out of sync and need to copy
+                    if (!compare(parentValue, lastValue)) {
+                      // parent changed and it has precedence
+                      isolateScope[scopeName] = parentValue;
+                    } else {
+                      // if the parent can be assigned then do so
+                      parentSet(scope, parentValue = isolateScope[scopeName]);
+                    }
+                  }
+                  return lastValue = parentValue;
+                }, null, parentGet.literal);
+                break;
+
+              case '&':
+                parentGet = $parse(attrs[attrName]);
+                isolateScope[scopeName] = function(locals) {
+                  return parentGet(scope, locals);
+                };
+                break;
+
+              default:
+                throw $compileMinErr('iscp',
+                    "Invalid isolate scope definition for directive '{0}'." +
+                    " Definition: {... {1}: '{2}' ...}",
+                    newIsolateScopeDirective.name, scopeName, definition);
+            }
+          });
+        }
+        transcludeFn = boundTranscludeFn && controllersBoundTransclude;
+        if (controllerDirectives) {
+          forEach(controllerDirectives, function(directive) {
+            var locals = {
+              $scope: directive === newIsolateScopeDirective || directive.$$isolateScope ? isolateScope : scope,
+              $element: $element,
+              $attrs: attrs,
+              $transclude: transcludeFn
+            }, controllerInstance;
+
+            controller = directive.controller;
+            if (controller == '@') {
+              controller = attrs[directive.name];
+            }
+
+            controllerInstance = $controller(controller, locals);
+            // For directives with element transclusion the element is a comment,
+            // but jQuery .data doesn't support attaching data to comment nodes as it's hard to
+            // clean up (http://bugs.jquery.com/ticket/8335).
+            // Instead, we save the controllers for the element in a local hash and attach to .data
+            // later, once we have the actual element.
+            elementControllers[directive.name] = controllerInstance;
+            if (!hasElementTranscludeDirective) {
+              $element.data('$' + directive.name + 'Controller', controllerInstance);
+            }
+
+            if (directive.controllerAs) {
+              locals.$scope[directive.controllerAs] = controllerInstance;
+            }
+          });
+        }
+
+        // PRELINKING
+        for(i = 0, ii = preLinkFns.length; i < ii; i++) {
+          try {
+            linkFn = preLinkFns[i];
+            linkFn(linkFn.isolateScope ? isolateScope : scope, $element, attrs,
+                linkFn.require && getControllers(linkFn.require, $element, elementControllers), transcludeFn);
+          } catch (e) {
+            $exceptionHandler(e, startingTag($element));
+          }
+        }
+
+        // RECURSION
+        // We only pass the isolate scope, if the isolate directive has a template,
+        // otherwise the child elements do not belong to the isolate directive.
+        var scopeToChild = scope;
+        if (newIsolateScopeDirective && (newIsolateScopeDirective.template || newIsolateScopeDirective.templateUrl === null)) {
+          scopeToChild = isolateScope;
+        }
+        childLinkFn && childLinkFn(scopeToChild, linkNode.childNodes, undefined, boundTranscludeFn);
+
+        // POSTLINKING
+        for(i = postLinkFns.length - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
+          try {
+            linkFn = postLinkFns[i];
+            linkFn(linkFn.isolateScope ? isolateScope : scope, $element, attrs,
+                linkFn.require && getControllers(linkFn.require, $element, elementControllers), transcludeFn);
+          } catch (e) {
+            $exceptionHandler(e, startingTag($element));
+          }
+        }
+
+        // This is the function that is injected as `$transclude`.
+        function controllersBoundTransclude(scope, cloneAttachFn) {
+          var transcludeControllers;
+
+          // no scope passed
+          if (arguments.length < 2) {
+            cloneAttachFn = scope;
+            scope = undefined;
+          }
+
+          if (hasElementTranscludeDirective) {
+            transcludeControllers = elementControllers;
+          }
+
+          return boundTranscludeFn(scope, cloneAttachFn, transcludeControllers);
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    function markDirectivesAsIsolate(directives) {
+      // mark all directives as needing isolate scope.
+      for (var j = 0, jj = directives.length; j < jj; j++) {
+        directives[j] = inherit(directives[j], {$$isolateScope: true});
+      }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * looks up the directive and decorates it with exception handling and proper parameters. We
+     * call this the boundDirective.
+     *
+     * @param {string} name name of the directive to look up.
+     * @param {string} location The directive must be found in specific format.
+     *   String containing any of theses characters:
+     *
+     *   * `E`: element name
+     *   * `A': attribute
+     *   * `C`: class
+     *   * `M`: comment
+     * @returns true if directive was added.
+     */
+    function addDirective(tDirectives, name, location, maxPriority, ignoreDirective, startAttrName,
+                          endAttrName) {
+      if (name === ignoreDirective) return null;
+      var match = null;
+      if (hasDirectives.hasOwnProperty(name)) {
+        for(var directive, directives = $injector.get(name + Suffix),
+            i = 0, ii = directives.length; i<ii; i++) {
+          try {
+            directive = directives[i];
+            if ( (maxPriority === undefined || maxPriority > directive.priority) &&
+                 directive.restrict.indexOf(location) != -1) {
+              if (startAttrName) {
+                directive = inherit(directive, {$$start: startAttrName, $$end: endAttrName});
+              }
+              tDirectives.push(directive);
+              match = directive;
+            }
+          } catch(e) { $exceptionHandler(e); }
+        }
+      }
+      return match;
+    }
+
+
+    /**
+     * When the element is replaced with HTML template then the new attributes
+     * on the template need to be merged with the existing attributes in the DOM.
+     * The desired effect is to have both of the attributes present.
+     *
+     * @param {object} dst destination attributes (original DOM)
+     * @param {object} src source attributes (from the directive template)
+     */
+    function mergeTemplateAttributes(dst, src) {
+      var srcAttr = src.$attr,
+          dstAttr = dst.$attr,
+          $element = dst.$$element;
+
+      // reapply the old attributes to the new element
+      forEach(dst, function(value, key) {
+        if (key.charAt(0) != '$') {
+          if (src[key]) {
+            value += (key === 'style' ? ';' : ' ') + src[key];
+          }
+          dst.$set(key, value, true, srcAttr[key]);
+        }
+      });
+
+      // copy the new attributes on the old attrs object
+      forEach(src, function(value, key) {
+        if (key == 'class') {
+          safeAddClass($element, value);
+          dst['class'] = (dst['class'] ? dst['class'] + ' ' : '') + value;
+        } else if (key == 'style') {
+          $element.attr('style', $element.attr('style') + ';' + value);
+          dst['style'] = (dst['style'] ? dst['style'] + ';' : '') + value;
+          // `dst` will never contain hasOwnProperty as DOM parser won't let it.
+          // You will get an "InvalidCharacterError: DOM Exception 5" error if you
+          // have an attribute like "has-own-property" or "data-has-own-property", etc.
+        } else if (key.charAt(0) != '$' && !dst.hasOwnProperty(key)) {
+          dst[key] = value;
+          dstAttr[key] = srcAttr[key];
+        }
+      });
+    }
+
+
+    function compileTemplateUrl(directives, $compileNode, tAttrs,
+        $rootElement, childTranscludeFn, preLinkFns, postLinkFns, previousCompileContext) {
+      var linkQueue = [],
+          afterTemplateNodeLinkFn,
+          afterTemplateChildLinkFn,
+          beforeTemplateCompileNode = $compileNode[0],
+          origAsyncDirective = directives.shift(),
+          // The fact that we have to copy and patch the directive seems wrong!
+          derivedSyncDirective = extend({}, origAsyncDirective, {
+            templateUrl: null, transclude: null, replace: null, $$originalDirective: origAsyncDirective
+          }),
+          templateUrl = (isFunction(origAsyncDirective.templateUrl))
+              ? origAsyncDirective.templateUrl($compileNode, tAttrs)
+              : origAsyncDirective.templateUrl;
+
+      $compileNode.empty();
+
+      $http.get($sce.getTrustedResourceUrl(templateUrl), {cache: $templateCache}).
+        success(function(content) {
+          var compileNode, tempTemplateAttrs, $template, childBoundTranscludeFn;
+
+          content = denormalizeTemplate(content);
+
+          if (origAsyncDirective.replace) {
+            $template = jqLite('<div>' + trim(content) + '</div>').contents();
+            compileNode = $template[0];
+
+            if ($template.length != 1 || compileNode.nodeType !== 1) {
+              throw $compileMinErr('tplrt',
+                  "Template for directive '{0}' must have exactly one root element. {1}",
+                  origAsyncDirective.name, templateUrl);
+            }
+
+            tempTemplateAttrs = {$attr: {}};
+            replaceWith($rootElement, $compileNode, compileNode);
+            var templateDirectives = collectDirectives(compileNode, [], tempTemplateAttrs);
+
+            if (isObject(origAsyncDirective.scope)) {
+              markDirectivesAsIsolate(templateDirectives);
+            }
+            directives = templateDirectives.concat(directives);
+            mergeTemplateAttributes(tAttrs, tempTemplateAttrs);
+          } else {
+            compileNode = beforeTemplateCompileNode;
+            $compileNode.html(content);
+          }
+
+          directives.unshift(derivedSyncDirective);
+
+          afterTemplateNodeLinkFn = applyDirectivesToNode(directives, compileNode, tAttrs,
+              childTranscludeFn, $compileNode, origAsyncDirective, preLinkFns, postLinkFns,
+              previousCompileContext);
+          forEach($rootElement, function(node, i) {
+            if (node == compileNode) {
+              $rootElement[i] = $compileNode[0];
+            }
+          });
+          afterTemplateChildLinkFn = compileNodes($compileNode[0].childNodes, childTranscludeFn);
+
+
+          while(linkQueue.length) {
+            var scope = linkQueue.shift(),
+                beforeTemplateLinkNode = linkQueue.shift(),
+                linkRootElement = linkQueue.shift(),
+                boundTranscludeFn = linkQueue.shift(),
+                linkNode = $compileNode[0];
+
+            if (beforeTemplateLinkNode !== beforeTemplateCompileNode) {
+              // it was cloned therefore we have to clone as well.
+              linkNode = jqLiteClone(compileNode);
+              replaceWith(linkRootElement, jqLite(beforeTemplateLinkNode), linkNode);
+            }
+            if (afterTemplateNodeLinkFn.transclude) {
+              childBoundTranscludeFn = createBoundTranscludeFn(scope, afterTemplateNodeLinkFn.transclude);
+            } else {
+              childBoundTranscludeFn = boundTranscludeFn;
+            }
+            afterTemplateNodeLinkFn(afterTemplateChildLinkFn, scope, linkNode, $rootElement,
+              childBoundTranscludeFn);
+          }
+          linkQueue = null;
+        }).
+        error(function(response, code, headers, config) {
+          throw $compileMinErr('tpload', 'Failed to load template: {0}', config.url);
+        });
+
+      return function delayedNodeLinkFn(ignoreChildLinkFn, scope, node, rootElement, boundTranscludeFn) {
+        if (linkQueue) {
+          linkQueue.push(scope);
+          linkQueue.push(node);
+          linkQueue.push(rootElement);
+          linkQueue.push(boundTranscludeFn);
+        } else {
+          afterTemplateNodeLinkFn(afterTemplateChildLinkFn, scope, node, rootElement, boundTranscludeFn);
+        }
+      };
+    }
+
+
+    /**
+     * Sorting function for bound directives.
+     */
+    function byPriority(a, b) {
+      var diff = b.priority - a.priority;
+      if (diff !== 0) return diff;
+      if (a.name !== b.name) return (a.name < b.name) ? -1 : 1;
+      return a.index - b.index;
+    }
+
+
+    function assertNoDuplicate(what, previousDirective, directive, element) {
+      if (previousDirective) {
+        throw $compileMinErr('multidir', 'Multiple directives [{0}, {1}] asking for {2} on: {3}',
+            previousDirective.name, directive.name, what, startingTag(element));
+      }
+    }
+
+
+    function addTextInterpolateDirective(directives, text) {
+      var interpolateFn = $interpolate(text, true);
+      if (interpolateFn) {
+        directives.push({
+          priority: 0,
+          compile: valueFn(function textInterpolateLinkFn(scope, node) {
+            var parent = node.parent(),
+                bindings = parent.data('$binding') || [];
+            bindings.push(interpolateFn);
+            safeAddClass(parent.data('$binding', bindings), 'ng-binding');
+            scope.$watch(interpolateFn, function interpolateFnWatchAction(value) {
+              node[0].nodeValue = value;
+            });
+          })
+        });
+      }
+    }
+
+
+    function getTrustedContext(node, attrNormalizedName) {
+      if (attrNormalizedName == "srcdoc") {
+        return $sce.HTML;
+      }
+      var tag = nodeName_(node);
+      // maction[xlink:href] can source SVG.  It's not limited to <maction>.
+      if (attrNormalizedName == "xlinkHref" ||
+          (tag == "FORM" && attrNormalizedName == "action") ||
+          (tag != "IMG" && (attrNormalizedName == "src" ||
+                            attrNormalizedName == "ngSrc"))) {
+        return $sce.RESOURCE_URL;
+      }
+    }
+
+
+    function addAttrInterpolateDirective(node, directives, value, name) {
+      var interpolateFn = $interpolate(value, true);
+
+      // no interpolation found -> ignore
+      if (!interpolateFn) return;
+
+
+      if (name === "multiple" && nodeName_(node) === "SELECT") {
+        throw $compileMinErr("selmulti",
+            "Binding to the 'multiple' attribute is not supported. Element: {0}",
+            startingTag(node));
+      }
+
+      directives.push({
+        priority: 100,
+        compile: function() {
+            return {
+              pre: function attrInterpolatePreLinkFn(scope, element, attr) {
+                var $$observers = (attr.$$observers || (attr.$$observers = {}));
+
+                if (EVENT_HANDLER_ATTR_REGEXP.test(name)) {
+                  throw $compileMinErr('nodomevents',
+                      "Interpolations for HTML DOM event attributes are disallowed.  Please use the " +
+                          "ng- versions (such as ng-click instead of onclick) instead.");
+                }
+
+                // we need to interpolate again, in case the attribute value has been updated
+                // (e.g. by another directive's compile function)
+                interpolateFn = $interpolate(attr[name], true, getTrustedContext(node, name));
+
+                // if attribute was updated so that there is no interpolation going on we don't want to
+                // register any observers
+                if (!interpolateFn) return;
+
+                // TODO(i): this should likely be attr.$set(name, iterpolateFn(scope) so that we reset the
+                // actual attr value
+                attr[name] = interpolateFn(scope);
+                ($$observers[name] || ($$observers[name] = [])).$$inter = true;
+                (attr.$$observers && attr.$$observers[name].$$scope || scope).
+                  $watch(interpolateFn, function interpolateFnWatchAction(newValue, oldValue) {
+                    //special case for class attribute addition + removal
+                    //so that class changes can tap into the animation
+                    //hooks provided by the $animate service. Be sure to
+                    //skip animations when the first digest occurs (when
+                    //both the new and the old values are the same) since
+                    //the CSS classes are the non-interpolated values
+                    if(name === 'class' && newValue != oldValue) {
+                      attr.$updateClass(newValue, oldValue);
+                    } else {
+                      attr.$set(name, newValue);
+                    }
+                  });
+              }
+            };
+          }
+      });
+    }
+
+
+    /**
+     * This is a special jqLite.replaceWith, which can replace items which
+     * have no parents, provided that the containing jqLite collection is provided.
+     *
+     * @param {JqLite=} $rootElement The root of the compile tree. Used so that we can replace nodes
+     *                               in the root of the tree.
+     * @param {JqLite} elementsToRemove The jqLite element which we are going to replace. We keep
+     *                                  the shell, but replace its DOM node reference.
+     * @param {Node} newNode The new DOM node.
+     */
+    function replaceWith($rootElement, elementsToRemove, newNode) {
+      var firstElementToRemove = elementsToRemove[0],
+          removeCount = elementsToRemove.length,
+          parent = firstElementToRemove.parentNode,
+          i, ii;
+
+      if ($rootElement) {
+        for(i = 0, ii = $rootElement.length; i < ii; i++) {
+          if ($rootElement[i] == firstElementToRemove) {
+            $rootElement[i++] = newNode;
+            for (var j = i, j2 = j + removeCount - 1,
+                     jj = $rootElement.length;
+                 j < jj; j++, j2++) {
+              if (j2 < jj) {
+                $rootElement[j] = $rootElement[j2];
+              } else {
+                delete $rootElement[j];
+              }
+            }
+            $rootElement.length -= removeCount - 1;
+            break;
+          }
+        }
+      }
+
+      if (parent) {
+        parent.replaceChild(newNode, firstElementToRemove);
+      }
+      var fragment = document.createDocumentFragment();
+      fragment.appendChild(firstElementToRemove);
+      newNode[jqLite.expando] = firstElementToRemove[jqLite.expando];
+      for (var k = 1, kk = elementsToRemove.length; k < kk; k++) {
+        var element = elementsToRemove[k];
+        jqLite(element).remove(); // must do this way to clean up expando
+        fragment.appendChild(element);
+        delete elementsToRemove[k];
+      }
+
+      elementsToRemove[0] = newNode;
+      elementsToRemove.length = 1;
+    }
+
+
+    function cloneAndAnnotateFn(fn, annotation) {
+      return extend(function() { return fn.apply(null, arguments); }, fn, annotation);
+    }
+  }];
+}
+
+var PREFIX_REGEXP = /^(x[\:\-_]|data[\:\-_])/i;
+/**
+ * Converts all accepted directives format into proper directive name.
+ * All of these will become 'myDirective':
+ *   my:Directive
+ *   my-directive
+ *   x-my-directive
+ *   data-my:directive
+ *
+ * Also there is special case for Moz prefix starting with upper case letter.
+ * @param name Name to normalize
+ */
+function directiveNormalize(name) {
+  return camelCase(name.replace(PREFIX_REGEXP, ''));
+}
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc object
+ * @name ng.$compile.directive.Attributes
+ *
+ * @description
+ * A shared object between directive compile / linking functions which contains normalized DOM
+ * element attributes. The values reflect current binding state `{{ }}`. The normalization is
+ * needed since all of these are treated as equivalent in Angular:
+ *
+ *    <span ng:bind="a" ng-bind="a" data-ng-bind="a" x-ng-bind="a">
+ */
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc property
+ * @name ng.$compile.directive.Attributes#$attr
+ * @propertyOf ng.$compile.directive.Attributes
+ * @returns {object} A map of DOM element attribute names to the normalized name. This is
+ *                   needed to do reverse lookup from normalized name back to actual name.
+ */
+
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc function
+ * @name ng.$compile.directive.Attributes#$set
+ * @methodOf ng.$compile.directive.Attributes
+ * @function
+ *
+ * @description
+ * Set DOM element attribute value.
+ *
+ *
+ * @param {string} name Normalized element attribute name of the property to modify. The name is
+ *          revers translated using the {@link ng.$compile.directive.Attributes#$attr $attr}
+ *          property to the original name.
+ * @param {string} value Value to set the attribute to. The value can be an interpolated string.
+ */
+
+
+
+/**
+ * Closure compiler type information
+ */
+
+function nodesetLinkingFn(
+  /* angular.Scope */ scope,
+  /* NodeList */ nodeList,
+  /* Element */ rootElement,
+  /* function(Function) */ boundTranscludeFn
+){}
+
+function directiveLinkingFn(
+  /* nodesetLinkingFn */ nodesetLinkingFn,
+  /* angular.Scope */ scope,
+  /* Node */ node,
+  /* Element */ rootElement,
+  /* function(Function) */ boundTranscludeFn
+){}
+
+function tokenDifference(str1, str2) {
+  var values = '',
+      tokens1 = str1.split(/\s+/),
+      tokens2 = str2.split(/\s+/);
+
+  outer:
+  for(var i = 0; i < tokens1.length; i++) {
+    var token = tokens1[i];
+    for(var j = 0; j < tokens2.length; j++) {
+      if(token == tokens2[j]) continue outer;
+    }
+    values += (values.length > 0 ? ' ' : '') + token;
+  }
+  return values;
+}
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc object
+ * @name ng.$controllerProvider
+ * @description
+ * The {@link ng.$controller $controller service} is used by Angular to create new
+ * controllers.
+ *
+ * This provider allows controller registration via the
+ * {@link ng.$controllerProvider#methods_register register} method.
+ */
+function $ControllerProvider() {
+  var controllers = {},
+      CNTRL_REG = /^(\S+)(\s+as\s+(\w+))?$/;
+
+
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc function
+   * @name ng.$controllerProvider#register
+   * @methodOf ng.$controllerProvider
+   * @param {string|Object} name Controller name, or an object map of controllers where the keys are
+   *    the names and the values are the constructors.
+   * @param {Function|Array} constructor Controller constructor fn (optionally decorated with DI
+   *    annotations in the array notation).
+   */
+  this.register = function(name, constructor) {
+    assertNotHasOwnProperty(name, 'controller');
+    if (isObject(name)) {
+      extend(controllers, name);
+    } else {
+      controllers[name] = constructor;
+    }
+  };
+
+
+  this.$get = ['$injector', '$window', function($injector, $window) {
+
+    /**
+     * @ngdoc function
+     * @name ng.$controller
+     * @requires $injector
+     *
+     * @param {Function|string} constructor If called with a function then it's considered to be the
+     *    controller constructor function. Otherwise it's considered to be a string which is used
+     *    to retrieve the controller constructor using the following steps:
+     *
+     *    * check if a controller with given name is registered via `$controllerProvider`
+     *    * check if evaluating the string on the current scope returns a constructor
+     *    * check `window[constructor]` on the global `window` object
+     *
+     * @param {Object} locals Injection locals for Controller.
+     * @return {Object} Instance of given controller.
+     *
+     * @description
+     * `$controller` service is responsible for instantiating controllers.
+     *
+     * It's just a simple call to {@link AUTO.$injector $injector}, but extracted into
+     * a service, so that one can override this service with {@link https://gist.github.com/1649788
+     * BC version}.
+     */
+    return function(expression, locals) {
+      var instance, match, constructor, identifier;
+
+      if(isString(expression)) {
+        match = expression.match(CNTRL_REG),
+        constructor = match[1],
+        identifier = match[3];
+        expression = controllers.hasOwnProperty(constructor)
+            ? controllers[constructor]
+            : getter(locals.$scope, constructor, true) || getter($window, constructor, true);
+
+        assertArgFn(expression, constructor, true);
+      }
+
+      instance = $injector.instantiate(expression, locals);
+
+      if (identifier) {
+        if (!(locals && typeof locals.$scope == 'object')) {
+          throw minErr('$controller')('noscp',
+              "Cannot export controller '{0}' as '{1}'! No $scope object provided via `locals`.",
+              constructor || expression.name, identifier);
+        }
+
+        locals.$scope[identifier] = instance;
+      }
+
+      return instance;
+    };
+  }];
+}
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc object
+ * @name ng.$document
+ * @requires $window
+ *
+ * @description
+ * A {@link angular.element jQuery (lite)}-wrapped reference to the browser's `window.document`
+ * element.
+ */
+function $DocumentProvider(){
+  this.$get = ['$window', function(window){
+    return jqLite(window.document);
+  }];
+}
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc function
+ * @name ng.$exceptionHandler
+ * @requires $log
+ *
+ * @description
+ * Any uncaught exception in angular expressions is delegated to this service.
+ * The default implementation simply delegates to `$log.error` which logs it into
+ * the browser console.
+ * 
+ * In unit tests, if `angular-mocks.js` is loaded, this service is overridden by
+ * {@link ngMock.$exceptionHandler mock $exceptionHandler} which aids in testing.
+ *
+ * ## Example:
+ * 
+ * <pre>
+ *   angular.module('exceptionOverride', []).factory('$exceptionHandler', function () {
+ *     return function (exception, cause) {
+ *       exception.message += ' (caused by "' + cause + '")';
+ *       throw exception;
+ *     };
+ *   });
+ * </pre>
+ * 
+ * This example will override the normal action of `$exceptionHandler`, to make angular
+ * exceptions fail hard when they happen, instead of just logging to the console.
+ *
+ * @param {Error} exception Exception associated with the error.
+ * @param {string=} cause optional information about the context in which
+ *       the error was thrown.
+ *
+ */
+function $ExceptionHandlerProvider() {
+  this.$get = ['$log', function($log) {
+    return function(exception, cause) {
+      $log.error.apply($log, arguments);
+    };
+  }];
+}
+
+/**
+ * Parse headers into key value object
+ *
+ * @param {string} headers Raw headers as a string
+ * @returns {Object} Parsed headers as key value object
+ */
+function parseHeaders(headers) {
+  var parsed = {}, key, val, i;
+
+  if (!headers) return parsed;
+
+  forEach(headers.split('\n'), function(line) {
+    i = line.indexOf(':');
+    key = lowercase(trim(line.substr(0, i)));
+    val = trim(line.substr(i + 1));
+
+    if (key) {
+      if (parsed[key]) {
+        parsed[key] += ', ' + val;
+      } else {
+        parsed[key] = val;
+      }
+    }
+  });
+
+  return parsed;
+}
+
+
+/**
+ * Returns a function that provides access to parsed headers.
+ *
+ * Headers are lazy parsed when first requested.
+ * @see parseHeaders
+ *
+ * @param {(string|Object)} headers Headers to provide access to.
+ * @returns {function(string=)} Returns a getter function which if called with:
+ *
+ *   - if called with single an argument returns a single header value or null
+ *   - if called with no arguments returns an object containing all headers.
+ */
+function headersGetter(headers) {
+  var headersObj = isObject(headers) ? headers : undefined;
+
+  return function(name) {
+    if (!headersObj) headersObj =  parseHeaders(headers);
+
+    if (name) {
+      return headersObj[lowercase(name)] || null;
+    }
+
+    return headersObj;
+  };
+}
+
+
+/**
+ * Chain all given functions
+ *
+ * This function is used for both request and response transforming
+ *
+ * @param {*} data Data to transform.
+ * @param {function(string=)} headers Http headers getter fn.
+ * @param {(function|Array.<function>)} fns Function or an array of functions.
+ * @returns {*} Transformed data.
+ */
+function transformData(data, headers, fns) {
+  if (isFunction(fns))
+    return fns(data, headers);
+
+  forEach(fns, function(fn) {
+    data = fn(data, headers);
+  });
+
+  return data;
+}
+
+
+function isSuccess(status) {
+  return 200 <= status && status < 300;
+}
+
+
+function $HttpProvider() {
+  var JSON_START = /^\s*(\[|\{[^\{])/,
+      JSON_END = /[\}\]]\s*$/,
+      PROTECTION_PREFIX = /^\)\]\}',?\n/,
+      CONTENT_TYPE_APPLICATION_JSON = {'Content-Type': 'application/json;charset=utf-8'};
+
+  var defaults = this.defaults = {
+    // transform incoming response data
+    transformResponse: [function(data) {
+      if (isString(data)) {
+        // strip json vulnerability protection prefix
+        data = data.replace(PROTECTION_PREFIX, '');
+        if (JSON_START.test(data) && JSON_END.test(data))
+          data = fromJson(data);
+      }
+      return data;
+    }],
+
+    // transform outgoing request data
+    transformRequest: [function(d) {
+      return isObject(d) && !isFile(d) ? toJson(d) : d;
+    }],
+
+    // default headers
+    headers: {
+      common: {
+        'Accept': 'application/json, text/plain, */*'
+      },
+      post:   CONTENT_TYPE_APPLICATION_JSON,
+      put:    CONTENT_TYPE_APPLICATION_JSON,
+      patch:  CONTENT_TYPE_APPLICATION_JSON
+    },
+
+    xsrfCookieName: 'XSRF-TOKEN',
+    xsrfHeaderName: 'X-XSRF-TOKEN'
+  };
+
+  /**
+   * Are ordered by request, i.e. they are applied in the same order as the
+   * array, on request, but reverse order, on response.
+   */
+  var interceptorFactories = this.interceptors = [];
+
+  /**
+   * For historical reasons, response interceptors are ordered by the order in which
+   * they are applied to the response. (This is the opposite of interceptorFactories)
+   */
+  var responseInterceptorFactories = this.responseInterceptors = [];
+
+  this.$get = ['$httpBackend', '$browser', '$cacheFactory', '$rootScope', '$q', '$injector',
+      function($httpBackend, $browser, $cacheFactory, $rootScope, $q, $injector) {
+
+    var defaultCache = $cacheFactory('$http');
+
+    /**
+     * Interceptors stored in reverse order. Inner interceptors before outer interceptors.
+     * The reversal is needed so that we can build up the interception chain around the
+     * server request.
+     */
+    var reversedInterceptors = [];
+
+    forEach(interceptorFactories, function(interceptorFactory) {
+      reversedInterceptors.unshift(isString(interceptorFactory)
+          ? $injector.get(interceptorFactory) : $injector.invoke(interceptorFactory));
+    });
+
+    forEach(responseInterceptorFactories, function(interceptorFactory, index) {
+      var responseFn = isString(interceptorFactory)
+          ? $injector.get(interceptorFactory)
+          : $injector.invoke(interceptorFactory);
+
+      /**
+       * Response interceptors go before "around" interceptors (no real reason, just
+       * had to pick one.) But they are already reversed, so we can't use unshift, hence
+       * the splice.
+       */
+      reversedInterceptors.splice(index, 0, {
+        response: function(response) {
+          return responseFn($q.when(response));
+        },
+        responseError: function(response) {
+          return responseFn($q.reject(response));
+        }
+      });
+    });
+
+
+    /**
+     * @ngdoc function
+     * @name ng.$http
+     * @requires $httpBackend
+     * @requires $browser
+     * @requires $cacheFactory
+     * @requires $rootScope
+     * @requires $q
+     * @requires $injector
+     *
+     * @description
+     * The `$http` service is a core Angular service that facilitates communication with the remote
+     * HTTP servers via the browser's {@link https://developer.mozilla.org/en/xmlhttprequest
+     * XMLHttpRequest} object or via {@link http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JSONP JSONP}.
+     *
+     * For unit testing applications that use `$http` service, see
+     * {@link ngMock.$httpBackend $httpBackend mock}.
+     *
+     * For a higher level of abstraction, please check out the {@link ngResource.$resource
+     * $resource} service.
+     *
+     * The $http API is based on the {@link ng.$q deferred/promise APIs} exposed by
+     * the $q service. While for simple usage patterns this doesn't matter much, for advanced usage
+     * it is important to familiarize yourself with these APIs and the guarantees they provide.
+     *
+     *
+     * # General usage
+     * The `$http` service is a function which takes a single argument — a configuration object —
+     * that is used to generate an HTTP request and returns  a {@link ng.$q promise}
+     * with two $http specific methods: `success` and `error`.
+     *
+     * <pre>
+     *   $http({method: 'GET', url: '/someUrl'}).
+     *     success(function(data, status, headers, config) {
+     *       // this callback will be called asynchronously
+     *       // when the response is available
+     *     }).
+     *     error(function(data, status, headers, config) {
+     *       // called asynchronously if an error occurs
+     *       // or server returns response with an error status.
+     *     });
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     * Since the returned value of calling the $http function is a `promise`, you can also use
+     * the `then` method to register callbacks, and these callbacks will receive a single argument –
+     * an object representing the response. See the API signature and type info below for more
+     * details.
+     *
+     * A response status code between 200 and 299 is considered a success status and
+     * will result in the success callback being called. Note that if the response is a redirect,
+     * XMLHttpRequest will transparently follow it, meaning that the error callback will not be
+     * called for such responses.
+     * 
+     * # Calling $http from outside AngularJS
+     * The `$http` service will not actually send the request until the next `$digest()` is
+     * executed. Normally this is not an issue, since almost all the time your call to `$http` will
+     * be from within a `$apply()` block.
+     * If you are calling `$http` from outside Angular, then you should wrap it in a call to
+     * `$apply` to cause a $digest to occur and also to handle errors in the block correctly.
+     *
+     * ```
+     * $scope.$apply(function() {
+     *   $http(...);
+     * });
+     * ```
+     *
+     * # Writing Unit Tests that use $http
+     * When unit testing you are mostly responsible for scheduling the `$digest` cycle. If you do
+     * not trigger a `$digest` before calling `$httpBackend.flush()` then the request will not have
+     * been made and `$httpBackend.expect(...)` expectations will fail.  The solution is to run the
+     * code that calls the `$http()` method inside a $apply block as explained in the previous
+     * section.
+     *
+     * ```
+     * $httpBackend.expectGET(...);
+     * $scope.$apply(function() {
+     *   $http.get(...);
+     * });
+     * $httpBackend.flush();
+     * ```
+     *
+     * # Shortcut methods
+     *
+     * Since all invocations of the $http service require passing in an HTTP method and URL, and
+     * POST/PUT requests require request data to be provided as well, shortcut methods
+     * were created:
+     *
+     * <pre>
+     *   $http.get('/someUrl').success(successCallback);
+     *   $http.post('/someUrl', data).success(successCallback);
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     * Complete list of shortcut methods:
+     *
+     * - {@link ng.$http#methods_get $http.get}
+     * - {@link ng.$http#methods_head $http.head}
+     * - {@link ng.$http#methods_post $http.post}
+     * - {@link ng.$http#methods_put $http.put}
+     * - {@link ng.$http#methods_delete $http.delete}
+     * - {@link ng.$http#methods_jsonp $http.jsonp}
+     *
+     *
+     * # Setting HTTP Headers
+     *
+     * The $http service will automatically add certain HTTP headers to all requests. These defaults
+     * can be fully configured by accessing the `$httpProvider.defaults.headers` configuration
+     * object, which currently contains this default configuration:
+     *
+     * - `$httpProvider.defaults.headers.common` (headers that are common for all requests):
+     *   - `Accept: application/json, text/plain, * / *`
+     * - `$httpProvider.defaults.headers.post`: (header defaults for POST requests)
+     *   - `Content-Type: application/json`
+     * - `$httpProvider.defaults.headers.put` (header defaults for PUT requests)
+     *   - `Content-Type: application/json`
+     *
+     * To add or overwrite these defaults, simply add or remove a property from these configuration
+     * objects. To add headers for an HTTP method other than POST or PUT, simply add a new object
+     * with the lowercased HTTP method name as the key, e.g.
+     * `$httpProvider.defaults.headers.get = { 'My-Header' : 'value' }.
+     *
+     * The defaults can also be set at runtime via the `$http.defaults` object in the same
+     * fashion. In addition, you can supply a `headers` property in the config object passed when
+     * calling `$http(config)`, which overrides the defaults without changing them globally.
+     *
+     *
+     * # Transforming Requests and Responses
+     *
+     * Both requests and responses can be transformed using transform functions. By default, Angular
+     * applies these transformations:
+     *
+     * Request transformations:
+     *
+     * - If the `data` property of the request configuration object contains an object, serialize it
+     *   into JSON format.
+     *
+     * Response transformations:
+     *
+     *  - If XSRF prefix is detected, strip it (see Security Considerations section below).
+     *  - If JSON response is detected, deserialize it using a JSON parser.
+     *
+     * To globally augment or override the default transforms, modify the
+     * `$httpProvider.defaults.transformRequest` and `$httpProvider.defaults.transformResponse`
+     * properties. These properties are by default an array of transform functions, which allows you
+     * to `push` or `unshift` a new transformation function into the transformation chain. You can
+     * also decide to completely override any default transformations by assigning your
+     * transformation functions to these properties directly without the array wrapper.
+     *
+     * Similarly, to locally override the request/response transforms, augment the
+     * `transformRequest` and/or `transformResponse` properties of the configuration object passed
+     * into `$http`.
+     *
+     *
+     * # Caching
+     *
+     * To enable caching, set the request configuration `cache` property to `true` (to use default
+     * cache) or to a custom cache object (built with {@link ng.$cacheFactory `$cacheFactory`}).
+     * When the cache is enabled, `$http` stores the response from the server in the specified
+     * cache. The next time the same request is made, the response is served from the cache without
+     * sending a request to the server.
+     *
+     * Note that even if the response is served from cache, delivery of the data is asynchronous in
+     * the same way that real requests are.
+     *
+     * If there are multiple GET requests for the same URL that should be cached using the same
+     * cache, but the cache is not populated yet, only one request to the server will be made and
+     * the remaining requests will be fulfilled using the response from the first request.
+     *
+     * You can change the default cache to a new object (built with
+     * {@link ng.$cacheFactory `$cacheFactory`}) by updating the
+     * {@link ng.$http#properties_defaults `$http.defaults.cache`} property. All requests who set
+     * their `cache` property to `true` will now use this cache object.
+     *
+     * If you set the default cache to `false` then only requests that specify their own custom
+     * cache object will be cached.
+     *
+     * # Interceptors
+     *
+     * Before you start creating interceptors, be sure to understand the
+     * {@link ng.$q $q and deferred/promise APIs}.
+     *
+     * For purposes of global error handling, authentication, or any kind of synchronous or
+     * asynchronous pre-processing of request or postprocessing of responses, it is desirable to be
+     * able to intercept requests before they are handed to the server and
+     * responses before they are handed over to the application code that
+     * initiated these requests. The interceptors leverage the {@link ng.$q
+     * promise APIs} to fulfill this need for both synchronous and asynchronous pre-processing.
+     *
+     * The interceptors are service factories that are registered with the `$httpProvider` by
+     * adding them to the `$httpProvider.interceptors` array. The factory is called and
+     * injected with dependencies (if specified) and returns the interceptor.
+     *
+     * There are two kinds of interceptors (and two kinds of rejection interceptors):
+     *
+     *   * `request`: interceptors get called with http `config` object. The function is free to
+     *     modify the `config` or create a new one. The function needs to return the `config`
+     *     directly or as a promise.
+     *   * `requestError`: interceptor gets called when a previous interceptor threw an error or
+     *     resolved with a rejection.
+     *   * `response`: interceptors get called with http `response` object. The function is free to
+     *     modify the `response` or create a new one. The function needs to return the `response`
+     *     directly or as a promise.
+     *   * `responseError`: interceptor gets called when a previous interceptor threw an error or
+     *     resolved with a rejection.
+     *
+     *
+     * <pre>
+     *   // register the interceptor as a service
+     *   $provide.factory('myHttpInterceptor', function($q, dependency1, dependency2) {
+     *     return {
+     *       // optional method
+     *       'request': function(config) {
+     *         // do something on success
+     *         return config || $q.when(config);
+     *       },
+     *
+     *       // optional method
+     *      'requestError': function(rejection) {
+     *         // do something on error
+     *         if (canRecover(rejection)) {
+     *           return responseOrNewPromise
+     *         }
+     *         return $q.reject(rejection);
+     *       },
+     *
+     *
+     *
+     *       // optional method
+     *       'response': function(response) {
+     *         // do something on success
+     *         return response || $q.when(response);
+     *       },
+     *
+     *       // optional method
+     *      'responseError': function(rejection) {
+     *         // do something on error
+     *         if (canRecover(rejection)) {
+     *           return responseOrNewPromise
+     *         }
+     *         return $q.reject(rejection);
+     *       };
+     *     }
+     *   });
+     *
+     *   $httpProvider.interceptors.push('myHttpInterceptor');
+     *
+     *
+     *   // register the interceptor via an anonymous factory
+     *   $httpProvider.interceptors.push(function($q, dependency1, dependency2) {
+     *     return {
+     *      'request': function(config) {
+     *          // same as above
+     *       },
+     *       'response': function(response) {
+     *          // same as above
+     *       }
+     *     };
+     *   });
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     * # Response interceptors (DEPRECATED)
+     *
+     * Before you start creating interceptors, be sure to understand the
+     * {@link ng.$q $q and deferred/promise APIs}.
+     *
+     * For purposes of global error handling, authentication or any kind of synchronous or
+     * asynchronous preprocessing of received responses, it is desirable to be able to intercept
+     * responses for http requests before they are handed over to the application code that
+     * initiated these requests. The response interceptors leverage the {@link ng.$q
+     * promise apis} to fulfil this need for both synchronous and asynchronous preprocessing.
+     *
+     * The interceptors are service factories that are registered with the $httpProvider by
+     * adding them to the `$httpProvider.responseInterceptors` array. The factory is called and
+     * injected with dependencies (if specified) and returns the interceptor  — a function that
+     * takes a {@link ng.$q promise} and returns the original or a new promise.
+     *
+     * <pre>
+     *   // register the interceptor as a service
+     *   $provide.factory('myHttpInterceptor', function($q, dependency1, dependency2) {
+     *     return function(promise) {
+     *       return promise.then(function(response) {
+     *         // do something on success
+     *         return response;
+     *       }, function(response) {
+     *         // do something on error
+     *         if (canRecover(response)) {
+     *           return responseOrNewPromise
+     *         }
+     *         return $q.reject(response);
+     *       });
+     *     }
+     *   });
+     *
+     *   $httpProvider.responseInterceptors.push('myHttpInterceptor');
+     *
+     *
+     *   // register the interceptor via an anonymous factory
+     *   $httpProvider.responseInterceptors.push(function($q, dependency1, dependency2) {
+     *     return function(promise) {
+     *       // same as above
+     *     }
+     *   });
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     *
+     * # Security Considerations
+     *
+     * When designing web applications, consider security threats from:
+     *
+     * - {@link http://haacked.com/archive/2008/11/20/anatomy-of-a-subtle-json-vulnerability.aspx
+     *   JSON vulnerability}
+     * - {@link http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cross-site_request_forgery XSRF}
+     *
+     * Both server and the client must cooperate in order to eliminate these threats. Angular comes
+     * pre-configured with strategies that address these issues, but for this to work backend server
+     * cooperation is required.
+     *
+     * ## JSON Vulnerability Protection
+     *
+     * A {@link http://haacked.com/archive/2008/11/20/anatomy-of-a-subtle-json-vulnerability.aspx
+     * JSON vulnerability} allows third party website to turn your JSON resource URL into
+     * {@link http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JSONP JSONP} request under some conditions. To
+     * counter this your server can prefix all JSON requests with following string `")]}',\n"`.
+     * Angular will automatically strip the prefix before processing it as JSON.
+     *
+     * For example if your server needs to return:
+     * <pre>
+     * ['one','two']
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     * which is vulnerable to attack, your server can return:
+     * <pre>
+     * )]}',
+     * ['one','two']
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     * Angular will strip the prefix, before processing the JSON.
+     *
+     *
+     * ## Cross Site Request Forgery (XSRF) Protection
+     *
+     * {@link http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cross-site_request_forgery XSRF} is a technique by which
+     * an unauthorized site can gain your user's private data. Angular provides a mechanism
+     * to counter XSRF. When performing XHR requests, the $http service reads a token from a cookie
+     * (by default, `XSRF-TOKEN`) and sets it as an HTTP header (`X-XSRF-TOKEN`). Since only
+     * JavaScript that runs on your domain could read the cookie, your server can be assured that
+     * the XHR came from JavaScript running on your domain. The header will not be set for
+     * cross-domain requests.
+     *
+     * To take advantage of this, your server needs to set a token in a JavaScript readable session
+     * cookie called `XSRF-TOKEN` on the first HTTP GET request. On subsequent XHR requests the
+     * server can verify that the cookie matches `X-XSRF-TOKEN` HTTP header, and therefore be sure
+     * that only JavaScript running on your domain could have sent the request. The token must be
+     * unique for each user and must be verifiable by the server (to prevent the JavaScript from
+     * making up its own tokens). We recommend that the token is a digest of your site's
+     * authentication cookie with a {@link https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salt_(cryptography) salt}
+     * for added security.
+     *
+     * The name of the headers can be specified using the xsrfHeaderName and xsrfCookieName
+     * properties of either $httpProvider.defaults, or the per-request config object.
+     *
+     *
+     * @param {object} config Object describing the request to be made and how it should be
+     *    processed. The object has following properties:
+     *
+     *    - **method** – `{string}` – HTTP method (e.g. 'GET', 'POST', etc)
+     *    - **url** – `{string}` – Absolute or relative URL of the resource that is being requested.
+     *    - **params** – `{Object.<string|Object>}` – Map of strings or objects which will be turned
+     *      to `?key1=value1&key2=value2` after the url. If the value is not a string, it will be
+     *      JSONified.
+     *    - **data** – `{string|Object}` – Data to be sent as the request message data.
+     *    - **headers** – `{Object}` – Map of strings or functions which return strings representing
+     *      HTTP headers to send to the server. If the return value of a function is null, the
+     *      header will not be sent.
+     *    - **xsrfHeaderName** – `{string}` – Name of HTTP header to populate with the XSRF token.
+     *    - **xsrfCookieName** – `{string}` – Name of cookie containing the XSRF token.
+     *    - **transformRequest** –
+     *      `{function(data, headersGetter)|Array.<function(data, headersGetter)>}` –
+     *      transform function or an array of such functions. The transform function takes the http
+     *      request body and headers and returns its transformed (typically serialized) version.
+     *    - **transformResponse** –
+     *      `{function(data, headersGetter)|Array.<function(data, headersGetter)>}` –
+     *      transform function or an array of such functions. The transform function takes the http
+     *      response body and headers and returns its transformed (typically deserialized) version.
+     *    - **cache** – `{boolean|Cache}` – If true, a default $http cache will be used to cache the
+     *      GET request, otherwise if a cache instance built with
+     *      {@link ng.$cacheFactory $cacheFactory}, this cache will be used for
+     *      caching.
+     *    - **timeout** – `{number|Promise}` – timeout in milliseconds, or {@link ng.$q promise}
+     *      that should abort the request when resolved.
+     *    - **withCredentials** - `{boolean}` - whether to to set the `withCredentials` flag on the
+     *      XHR object. See {@link https://developer.mozilla.org/en/http_access_control#section_5
+     *      requests with credentials} for more information.
+     *    - **responseType** - `{string}` - see {@link
+     *      https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/DOM/XMLHttpRequest#responseType requestType}.
+     *
+     * @returns {HttpPromise} Returns a {@link ng.$q promise} object with the
+     *   standard `then` method and two http specific methods: `success` and `error`. The `then`
+     *   method takes two arguments a success and an error callback which will be called with a
+     *   response object. The `success` and `error` methods take a single argument - a function that
+     *   will be called when the request succeeds or fails respectively. The arguments passed into
+     *   these functions are destructured representation of the response object passed into the
+     *   `then` method. The response object has these properties:
+     *
+     *   - **data** – `{string|Object}` – The response body transformed with the transform
+     *     functions.
+     *   - **status** – `{number}` – HTTP status code of the response.
+     *   - **headers** – `{function([headerName])}` – Header getter function.
+     *   - **config** – `{Object}` – The configuration object that was used to generate the request.
+     *
+     * @property {Array.<Object>} pendingRequests Array of config objects for currently pending
+     *   requests. This is primarily meant to be used for debugging purposes.
+     *
+     *
+     * @example
+<example>
+<file name="index.html">
+  <div ng-controller="FetchCtrl">
+    <select ng-model="method">
+      <option>GET</option>
+      <option>JSONP</option>
+    </select>
+    <input type="text" ng-model="url" size="80"/>
+    <button ng-click="fetch()">fetch</button><br>
+    <button ng-click="updateModel('GET', 'http-hello.html')">Sample GET</button>
+    <button
+      ng-click="updateModel('JSONP',
+                    'http://angularjs.org/greet.php?callback=JSON_CALLBACK&name=Super%20Hero')">
+      Sample JSONP
+    </button>
+    <button
+      ng-click="updateModel('JSONP', 'http://angularjs.org/doesntexist&callback=JSON_CALLBACK')">
+        Invalid JSONP
+      </button>
+    <pre>http status code: {{status}}</pre>
+    <pre>http response data: {{data}}</pre>
+  </div>
+</file>
+<file name="script.js">
+  function FetchCtrl($scope, $http, $templateCache) {
+    $scope.method = 'GET';
+    $scope.url = 'http-hello.html';
+
+    $scope.fetch = function() {
+      $scope.code = null;
+      $scope.response = null;
+
+      $http({method: $scope.method, url: $scope.url, cache: $templateCache}).
+        success(function(data, status) {
+          $scope.status = status;
+          $scope.data = data;
+        }).
+        error(function(data, status) {
+          $scope.data = data || "Request failed";
+          $scope.status = status;
+      });
+    };
+
+    $scope.updateModel = function(method, url) {
+      $scope.method = method;
+      $scope.url = url;
+    };
+  }
+</file>
+<file name="http-hello.html">
+  Hello, $http!
+</file>
+<file name="scenario.js">
+  it('should make an xhr GET request', function() {
+    element(':button:contains("Sample GET")').click();
+    element(':button:contains("fetch")').click();
+    expect(binding('status')).toBe('200');
+    expect(binding('data')).toMatch(/Hello, \$http!/);
+  });
+
+  it('should make a JSONP request to angularjs.org', function() {
+    element(':button:contains("Sample JSONP")').click();
+    element(':button:contains("fetch")').click();
+    expect(binding('status')).toBe('200');
+    expect(binding('data')).toMatch(/Super Hero!/);
+  });
+
+  it('should make JSONP request to invalid URL and invoke the error handler',
+      function() {
+    element(':button:contains("Invalid JSONP")').click();
+    element(':button:contains("fetch")').click();
+    expect(binding('status')).toBe('0');
+    expect(binding('data')).toBe('Request failed');
+  });
+</file>
+</example>
+     */
+    function $http(requestConfig) {
+      var config = {
+        transformRequest: defaults.transformRequest,
+        transformResponse: defaults.transformResponse
+      };
+      var headers = mergeHeaders(requestConfig);
+
+      extend(config, requestConfig);
+      config.headers = headers;
+      config.method = uppercase(config.method);
+
+      var xsrfValue = urlIsSameOrigin(config.url)
+          ? $browser.cookies()[config.xsrfCookieName || defaults.xsrfCookieName]
+          : undefined;
+      if (xsrfValue) {
+        headers[(config.xsrfHeaderName || defaults.xsrfHeaderName)] = xsrfValue;
+      }
+
+
+      var serverRequest = function(config) {
+        headers = config.headers;
+        var reqData = transformData(config.data, headersGetter(headers), config.transformRequest);
+
+        // strip content-type if data is undefined
+        if (isUndefined(config.data)) {
+          forEach(headers, function(value, header) {
+            if (lowercase(header) === 'content-type') {
+                delete headers[header];
+            }
+          });
+        }
+
+        if (isUndefined(config.withCredentials) && !isUndefined(defaults.withCredentials)) {
+          config.withCredentials = defaults.withCredentials;
+        }
+
+        // send request
+        return sendReq(config, reqData, headers).then(transformResponse, transformResponse);
+      };
+
+      var chain = [serverRequest, undefined];
+      var promise = $q.when(config);
+
+      // apply interceptors
+      forEach(reversedInterceptors, function(interceptor) {
+        if (interceptor.request || interceptor.requestError) {
+          chain.unshift(interceptor.request, interceptor.requestError);
+        }
+        if (interceptor.response || interceptor.responseError) {
+          chain.push(interceptor.response, interceptor.responseError);
+        }
+      });
+
+      while(chain.length) {
+        var thenFn = chain.shift();
+        var rejectFn = chain.shift();
+
+        promise = promise.then(thenFn, rejectFn);
+      }
+
+      promise.success = function(fn) {
+        promise.then(function(response) {
+          fn(response.data, response.status, response.headers, config);
+        });
+        return promise;
+      };
+
+      promise.error = function(fn) {
+        promise.then(null, function(response) {
+          fn(response.data, response.status, response.headers, config);
+        });
+        return promise;
+      };
+
+      return promise;
+
+      function transformResponse(response) {
+        // make a copy since the response must be cacheable
+        var resp = extend({}, response, {
+          data: transformData(response.data, response.headers, config.transformResponse)
+        });
+        return (isSuccess(response.status))
+          ? resp
+          : $q.reject(resp);
+      }
+
+      function mergeHeaders(config) {
+        var defHeaders = defaults.headers,
+            reqHeaders = extend({}, config.headers),
+            defHeaderName, lowercaseDefHeaderName, reqHeaderName;
+
+        defHeaders = extend({}, defHeaders.common, defHeaders[lowercase(config.method)]);
+
+        // execute if header value is function
+        execHeaders(defHeaders);
+        execHeaders(reqHeaders);
+
+        // using for-in instead of forEach to avoid unecessary iteration after header has been found
+        defaultHeadersIteration:
+        for (defHeaderName in defHeaders) {
+          lowercaseDefHeaderName = lowercase(defHeaderName);
+
+          for (reqHeaderName in reqHeaders) {
+            if (lowercase(reqHeaderName) === lowercaseDefHeaderName) {
+              continue defaultHeadersIteration;
+            }
+          }
+
+          reqHeaders[defHeaderName] = defHeaders[defHeaderName];
+        }
+
+        return reqHeaders;
+
+        function execHeaders(headers) {
+          var headerContent;
+
+          forEach(headers, function(headerFn, header) {
+            if (isFunction(headerFn)) {
+              headerContent = headerFn();
+              if (headerContent != null) {
+                headers[header] = headerContent;
+              } else {
+                delete headers[header];
+              }
+            }
+          });
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    $http.pendingRequests = [];
+
+    /**
+     * @ngdoc method
+     * @name ng.$http#get
+     * @methodOf ng.$http
+     *
+     * @description
+     * Shortcut method to perform `GET` request.
+     *
+     * @param {string} url Relative or absolute URL specifying the destination of the request
+     * @param {Object=} config Optional configuration object
+     * @returns {HttpPromise} Future object
+     */
+
+    /**
+     * @ngdoc method
+     * @name ng.$http#delete
+     * @methodOf ng.$http
+     *
+     * @description
+     * Shortcut method to perform `DELETE` request.
+     *
+     * @param {string} url Relative or absolute URL specifying the destination of the request
+     * @param {Object=} config Optional configuration object
+     * @returns {HttpPromise} Future object
+     */
+
+    /**
+     * @ngdoc method
+     * @name ng.$http#head
+     * @methodOf ng.$http
+     *
+     * @description
+     * Shortcut method to perform `HEAD` request.
+     *
+     * @param {string} url Relative or absolute URL specifying the destination of the request
+     * @param {Object=} config Optional configuration object
+     * @returns {HttpPromise} Future object
+     */
+
+    /**
+     * @ngdoc method
+     * @name ng.$http#jsonp
+     * @methodOf ng.$http
+     *
+     * @description
+     * Shortcut method to perform `JSONP` request.
+     *
+     * @param {string} url Relative or absolute URL specifying the destination of the request.
+     *                     Should contain `JSON_CALLBACK` string.
+     * @param {Object=} config Optional configuration object
+     * @returns {HttpPromise} Future object
+     */
+    createShortMethods('get', 'delete', 'head', 'jsonp');
+
+    /**
+     * @ngdoc method
+     * @name ng.$http#post
+     * @methodOf ng.$http
+     *
+     * @description
+     * Shortcut method to perform `POST` request.
+     *
+     * @param {string} url Relative or absolute URL specifying the destination of the request
+     * @param {*} data Request content
+     * @param {Object=} config Optional configuration object
+     * @returns {HttpPromise} Future object
+     */
+
+    /**
+     * @ngdoc method
+     * @name ng.$http#put
+     * @methodOf ng.$http
+     *
+     * @description
+     * Shortcut method to perform `PUT` request.
+     *
+     * @param {string} url Relative or absolute URL specifying the destination of the request
+     * @param {*} data Request content
+     * @param {Object=} config Optional configuration object
+     * @returns {HttpPromise} Future object
+     */
+    createShortMethodsWithData('post', 'put');
+
+        /**
+         * @ngdoc property
+         * @name ng.$http#defaults
+         * @propertyOf ng.$http
+         *
+         * @description
+         * Runtime equivalent of the `$httpProvider.defaults` property. Allows configuration of
+         * default headers, withCredentials as well as request and response transformations.
+         *
+         * See "Setting HTTP Headers" and "Transforming Requests and Responses" sections above.
+         */
+    $http.defaults = defaults;
+
+
+    return $http;
+
+
+    function createShortMethods(names) {
+      forEach(arguments, function(name) {
+        $http[name] = function(url, config) {
+          return $http(extend(config || {}, {
+            method: name,
+            url: url
+          }));
+        };
+      });
+    }
+
+
+    function createShortMethodsWithData(name) {
+      forEach(arguments, function(name) {
+        $http[name] = function(url, data, config) {
+          return $http(extend(config || {}, {
+            method: name,
+            url: url,
+            data: data
+          }));
+        };
+      });
+    }
+
+
+    /**
+     * Makes the request.
+     *
+     * !!! ACCESSES CLOSURE VARS:
+     * $httpBackend, defaults, $log, $rootScope, defaultCache, $http.pendingRequests
+     */
+    function sendReq(config, reqData, reqHeaders) {
+      var deferred = $q.defer(),
+          promise = deferred.promise,
+          cache,
+          cachedResp,
+          url = buildUrl(config.url, config.params);
+
+      $http.pendingRequests.push(config);
+      promise.then(removePendingReq, removePendingReq);
+
+
+      if ((config.cache || defaults.cache) && config.cache !== false && config.method == 'GET') {
+        cache = isObject(config.cache) ? config.cache
+              : isObject(defaults.cache) ? defaults.cache
+              : defaultCache;
+      }
+
+      if (cache) {
+        cachedResp = cache.get(url);
+        if (isDefined(cachedResp)) {
+          if (cachedResp.then) {
+            // cached request has already been sent, but there is no response yet
+            cachedResp.then(removePendingReq, removePendingReq);
+            return cachedResp;
+          } else {
+            // serving from cache
+            if (isArray(cachedResp)) {
+              resolvePromise(cachedResp[1], cachedResp[0], copy(cachedResp[2]));
+            } else {
+              resolvePromise(cachedResp, 200, {});
+            }
+          }
+        } else {
+          // put the promise for the non-transformed response into cache as a placeholder
+          cache.put(url, promise);
+        }
+      }
+
+      // if we won't have the response in cache, send the request to the backend
+      if (isUndefined(cachedResp)) {
+        $httpBackend(config.method, url, reqData, done, reqHeaders, config.timeout,
+            config.withCredentials, config.responseType);
+      }
+
+      return promise;
+
+
+      /**
+       * Callback registered to $httpBackend():
+       *  - caches the response if desired
+       *  - resolves the raw $http promise
+       *  - calls $apply
+       */
+      function done(status, response, headersString) {
+        if (cache) {
+          if (isSuccess(status)) {
+            cache.put(url, [status, response, parseHeaders(headersString)]);
+          } else {
+            // remove promise from the cache
+            cache.remove(url);
+          }
+        }
+
+        resolvePromise(response, status, headersString);
+        if (!$rootScope.$$phase) $rootScope.$apply();
+      }
+
+
+      /**
+       * Resolves the raw $http promise.
+       */
+      function resolvePromise(response, status, headers) {
+        // normalize internal statuses to 0
+        status = Math.max(status, 0);
+
+        (isSuccess(status) ? deferred.resolve : deferred.reject)({
+          data: response,
+          status: status,
+          headers: headersGetter(headers),
+          config: config
+        });
+      }
+
+
+      function removePendingReq() {
+        var idx = indexOf($http.pendingRequests, config);
+        if (idx !== -1) $http.pendingRequests.splice(idx, 1);
+      }
+    }
+
+
+    function buildUrl(url, params) {
+          if (!params) return url;
+          var parts = [];
+          forEachSorted(params, function(value, key) {
+            if (value === null || isUndefined(value)) return;
+            if (!isArray(value)) value = [value];
+
+            forEach(value, function(v) {
+              if (isObject(v)) {
+                v = toJson(v);
+              }
+              parts.push(encodeUriQuery(key) + '=' +
+                         encodeUriQuery(v));
+            });
+          });
+          return url + ((url.indexOf('?') == -1) ? '?' : '&') + parts.join('&');
+        }
+
+
+  }];
+}
+
+var XHR = window.XMLHttpRequest || function() {
+  /* global ActiveXObject */
+  try { return new ActiveXObject("Msxml2.XMLHTTP.6.0"); } catch (e1) {}
+  try { return new ActiveXObject("Msxml2.XMLHTTP.3.0"); } catch (e2) {}
+  try { return new ActiveXObject("Msxml2.XMLHTTP"); } catch (e3) {}
+  throw minErr('$httpBackend')('noxhr', "This browser does not support XMLHttpRequest.");
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc object
+ * @name ng.$httpBackend
+ * @requires $browser
+ * @requires $window
+ * @requires $document
+ *
+ * @description
+ * HTTP backend used by the {@link ng.$http service} that delegates to
+ * XMLHttpRequest object or JSONP and deals with browser incompatibilities.
+ *
+ * You should never need to use this service directly, instead use the higher-level abstractions:
+ * {@link ng.$http $http} or {@link ngResource.$resource $resource}.
+ *
+ * During testing this implementation is swapped with {@link ngMock.$httpBackend mock
+ * $httpBackend} which can be trained with responses.
+ */
+function $HttpBackendProvider() {
+  this.$get = ['$browser', '$window', '$document', function($browser, $window, $document) {
+    return createHttpBackend($browser, XHR, $browser.defer, $window.angular.callbacks, $document[0]);
+  }];
+}
+
+function createHttpBackend($browser, XHR, $browserDefer, callbacks, rawDocument) {
+  var ABORTED = -1;
+
+  // TODO(vojta): fix the signature
+  return function(method, url, post, callback, headers, timeout, withCredentials, responseType) {
+    var status;
+    $browser.$$incOutstandingRequestCount();
+    url = url || $browser.url();
+
+    if (lowercase(method) == 'jsonp') {
+      var callbackId = '_' + (callbacks.counter++).toString(36);
+      callbacks[callbackId] = function(data) {
+        callbacks[callbackId].data = data;
+      };
+
+      var jsonpDone = jsonpReq(url.replace('JSON_CALLBACK', 'angular.callbacks.' + callbackId),
+          function() {
+        if (callbacks[callbackId].data) {
+          completeRequest(callback, 200, callbacks[callbackId].data);
+        } else {
+          completeRequest(callback, status || -2);
+        }
+        delete callbacks[callbackId];
+      });
+    } else {
+      var xhr = new XHR();
+      xhr.open(method, url, true);
+      forEach(headers, function(value, key) {
+        if (isDefined(value)) {
+            xhr.setRequestHeader(key, value);
+        }
+      });
+
+      // In IE6 and 7, this might be called synchronously when xhr.send below is called and the
+      // response is in the cache. the promise api will ensure that to the app code the api is
+      // always async
+      xhr.onreadystatechange = function() {
+        if (xhr.readyState == 4) {
+          var responseHeaders = null,
+              response = null;
+
+          if(status !== ABORTED) {
+            responseHeaders = xhr.getAllResponseHeaders();
+            response = xhr.responseType ? xhr.response : xhr.responseText;
+          }
+
+          // responseText is the old-school way of retrieving response (supported by IE8 & 9)
+          // response/responseType properties were introduced in XHR Level2 spec (supported by IE10)
+          completeRequest(callback,
+              status || xhr.status,
+              response,
+              responseHeaders);
+        }
+      };
+
+      if (withCredentials) {
+        xhr.withCredentials = true;
+      }
+
+      if (responseType) {
+        xhr.responseType = responseType;
+      }
+
+      xhr.send(post || null);
+    }
+
+    if (timeout > 0) {
+      var timeoutId = $browserDefer(timeoutRequest, timeout);
+    } else if (timeout && timeout.then) {
+      timeout.then(timeoutRequest);
+    }
+
+
+    function timeoutRequest() {
+      status = ABORTED;
+      jsonpDone && jsonpDone();
+      xhr && xhr.abort();
+    }
+
+    function completeRequest(callback, status, response, headersString) {
+      var protocol = urlResolve(url).protocol;
+
+      // cancel timeout and subsequent timeout promise resolution
+      timeoutId && $browserDefer.cancel(timeoutId);
+      jsonpDone = xhr = null;
+
+      // fix status code for file protocol (it's always 0)
+      status = (protocol == 'file' && status === 0) ? (response ? 200 : 404) : status;
+
+      // normalize IE bug (http://bugs.jquery.com/ticket/1450)
+      status = status == 1223 ? 204 : status;
+
+      callback(status, response, headersString);
+      $browser.$$completeOutstandingRequest(noop);
+    }
+  };
+
+  function jsonpReq(url, done) {
+    // we can't use jQuery/jqLite here because jQuery does crazy shit with script elements, e.g.:
+    // - fetches local scripts via XHR and evals them
+    // - adds and immediately removes script elements from the document
+    var script = rawDocument.createElement('script'),
+        doneWrapper = function() {
+          script.onreadystatechange = script.onload = script.onerror = null;
+          rawDocument.body.removeChild(script);
+          if (done) done();
+        };
+
+    script.type = 'text/javascript';
+    script.src = url;
+
+    if (msie && msie <= 8) {
+      script.onreadystatechange = function() {
+        if (/loaded|complete/.test(script.readyState)) {
+          doneWrapper();
+        }
+      };
+    } else {
+      script.onload = script.onerror = function() {
+        doneWrapper();
+      };
+    }
+
+    rawDocument.body.appendChild(script);
+    return doneWrapper;
+  }
+}
+
+var $interpolateMinErr = minErr('$interpolate');
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc object
+ * @name ng.$interpolateProvider
+ * @function
+ *
+ * @description
+ *
+ * Used for configuring the interpolation markup. Defaults to `{{` and `}}`.
+ *
+ * @example
+<doc:example module="customInterpolationApp">
+<doc:source>
+<script>
+  var customInterpolationApp = angular.module('customInterpolationApp', []);
+
+  customInterpolationApp.config(function($interpolateProvider) {
+    $interpolateProvider.startSymbol('//');
+    $interpolateProvider.endSymbol('//');
+  });
+
+
+  customInterpolationApp.controller('DemoController', function DemoController() {
+      this.label = "This binding is brought you by // interpolation symbols.";
+  });
+</script>
+<div ng-app="App" ng-controller="DemoController as demo">
+    //demo.label//
+</div>
+</doc:source>
+<doc:scenario>
+ it('should interpolate binding with custom symbols', function() {
+  expect(binding('demo.label')).toBe('This binding is brought you by // interpolation symbols.');
+ });
+</doc:scenario>
+</doc:example>
+ */
+function $InterpolateProvider() {
+  var startSymbol = '{{';
+  var endSymbol = '}}';
+
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc method
+   * @name ng.$interpolateProvider#startSymbol
+   * @methodOf ng.$interpolateProvider
+   * @description
+   * Symbol to denote start of expression in the interpolated string. Defaults to `{{`.
+   *
+   * @param {string=} value new value to set the starting symbol to.
+   * @returns {string|self} Returns the symbol when used as getter and self if used as setter.
+   */
+  this.startSymbol = function(value){
+    if (value) {
+      startSymbol = value;
+      return this;
+    } else {
+      return startSymbol;
+    }
+  };
+
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc method
+   * @name ng.$interpolateProvider#endSymbol
+   * @methodOf ng.$interpolateProvider
+   * @description
+   * Symbol to denote the end of expression in the interpolated string. Defaults to `}}`.
+   *
+   * @param {string=} value new value to set the ending symbol to.
+   * @returns {string|self} Returns the symbol when used as getter and self if used as setter.
+   */
+  this.endSymbol = function(value){
+    if (value) {
+      endSymbol = value;
+      return this;
+    } else {
+      return endSymbol;
+    }
+  };
+
+
+  this.$get = ['$parse', '$exceptionHandler', '$sce', function($parse, $exceptionHandler, $sce) {
+    var startSymbolLength = startSymbol.length,
+        endSymbolLength = endSymbol.length;
+
+    /**
+     * @ngdoc function
+     * @name ng.$interpolate
+     * @function
+     *
+     * @requires $parse
+     * @requires $sce
+     *
+     * @description
+     *
+     * Compiles a string with markup into an interpolation function. This service is used by the
+     * HTML {@link ng.$compile $compile} service for data binding. See
+     * {@link ng.$interpolateProvider $interpolateProvider} for configuring the
+     * interpolation markup.
+     *
+     *
+       <pre>
+         var $interpolate = ...; // injected
+         var exp = $interpolate('Hello {{name | uppercase}}!');
+         expect(exp({name:'Angular'}).toEqual('Hello ANGULAR!');
+       </pre>
+     *
+     *
+     * @param {string} text The text with markup to interpolate.
+     * @param {boolean=} mustHaveExpression if set to true then the interpolation string must have
+     *    embedded expression in order to return an interpolation function. Strings with no
+     *    embedded expression will return null for the interpolation function.
+     * @param {string=} trustedContext when provided, the returned function passes the interpolated
+     *    result through {@link ng.$sce#methods_getTrusted $sce.getTrusted(interpolatedResult,
+     *    trustedContext)} before returning it.  Refer to the {@link ng.$sce $sce} service that
+     *    provides Strict Contextual Escaping for details.
+     * @returns {function(context)} an interpolation function which is used to compute the
+     *    interpolated string. The function has these parameters:
+     *
+     *    * `context`: an object against which any expressions embedded in the strings are evaluated
+     *      against.
+     *
+     */
+    function $interpolate(text, mustHaveExpression, trustedContext) {
+      var startIndex,
+          endIndex,
+          index = 0,
+          parts = [],
+          length = text.length,
+          hasInterpolation = false,
+          fn,
+          exp,
+          concat = [];
+
+      while(index < length) {
+        if ( ((startIndex = text.indexOf(startSymbol, index)) != -1) &&
+             ((endIndex = text.indexOf(endSymbol, startIndex + startSymbolLength)) != -1) ) {
+          (index != startIndex) && parts.push(text.substring(index, startIndex));
+          parts.push(fn = $parse(exp = text.substring(startIndex + startSymbolLength, endIndex)));
+          fn.exp = exp;
+          index = endIndex + endSymbolLength;
+          hasInterpolation = true;
+        } else {
+          // we did not find anything, so we have to add the remainder to the parts array
+          (index != length) && parts.push(text.substring(index));
+          index = length;
+        }
+      }
+
+      if (!(length = parts.length)) {
+        // we added, nothing, must have been an empty string.
+        parts.push('');
+        length = 1;
+      }
+
+      // Concatenating expressions makes it hard to reason about whether some combination of
+      // concatenated values are unsafe to use and could easily lead to XSS.  By requiring that a
+      // single expression be used for iframe[src], object[src], etc., we ensure that the value
+      // that's used is assigned or constructed by some JS code somewhere that is more testable or
+      // make it obvious that you bound the value to some user controlled value.  This helps reduce
+      // the load when auditing for XSS issues.
+      if (trustedContext && parts.length > 1) {
+          throw $interpolateMinErr('noconcat',
+              "Error while interpolating: {0}\nStrict Contextual Escaping disallows " +
+              "interpolations that concatenate multiple expressions when a trusted value is " +
+              "required.  See http://docs.angularjs.org/api/ng.$sce", text);
+      }
+
+      if (!mustHaveExpression  || hasInterpolation) {
+        concat.length = length;
+        fn = function(context) {
+          try {
+            for(var i = 0, ii = length, part; i<ii; i++) {
+              if (typeof (part = parts[i]) == 'function') {
+                part = part(context);
+                if (trustedContext) {
+                  part = $sce.getTrusted(trustedContext, part);
+                } else {
+                  part = $sce.valueOf(part);
+                }
+                if (part === null || isUndefined(part)) {
+                  part = '';
+                } else if (typeof part != 'string') {
+                  part = toJson(part);
+                }
+              }
+              concat[i] = part;
+            }
+            return concat.join('');
+          }
+          catch(err) {
+            var newErr = $interpolateMinErr('interr', "Can't interpolate: {0}\n{1}", text,
+                err.toString());
+            $exceptionHandler(newErr);
+          }
+        };
+        fn.exp = text;
+        fn.parts = parts;
+        return fn;
+      }
+    }
+
+
+    /**
+     * @ngdoc method
+     * @name ng.$interpolate#startSymbol
+     * @methodOf ng.$interpolate
+     * @description
+     * Symbol to denote the start of expression in the interpolated string. Defaults to `{{`.
+     *
+     * Use {@link ng.$interpolateProvider#startSymbol $interpolateProvider#startSymbol} to change
+     * the symbol.
+     *
+     * @returns {string} start symbol.
+     */
+    $interpolate.startSymbol = function() {
+      return startSymbol;
+    };
+
+
+    /**
+     * @ngdoc method
+     * @name ng.$interpolate#endSymbol
+     * @methodOf ng.$interpolate
+     * @description
+     * Symbol to denote the end of expression in the interpolated string. Defaults to `}}`.
+     *
+     * Use {@link ng.$interpolateProvider#endSymbol $interpolateProvider#endSymbol} to change
+     * the symbol.
+     *
+     * @returns {string} start symbol.
+     */
+    $interpolate.endSymbol = function() {
+      return endSymbol;
+    };
+
+    return $interpolate;
+  }];
+}
+
+function $IntervalProvider() {
+  this.$get = ['$rootScope', '$window', '$q',
+       function($rootScope,   $window,   $q) {
+    var intervals = {};
+
+
+     /**
+      * @ngdoc function
+      * @name ng.$interval
+      *
+      * @description
+      * Angular's wrapper for `window.setInterval`. The `fn` function is executed every `delay`
+      * milliseconds.
+      *
+      * The return value of registering an interval function is a promise. This promise will be
+      * notified upon each tick of the interval, and will be resolved after `count` iterations, or
+      * run indefinitely if `count` is not defined. The value of the notification will be the
+      * number of iterations that have run.
+      * To cancel an interval, call `$interval.cancel(promise)`.
+      *
+      * In tests you can use {@link ngMock.$interval#methods_flush `$interval.flush(millis)`} to
+      * move forward by `millis` milliseconds and trigger any functions scheduled to run in that
+      * time.
+      *
+      * @param {function()} fn A function that should be called repeatedly.
+      * @param {number} delay Number of milliseconds between each function call.
+      * @param {number=} [count=0] Number of times to repeat. If not set, or 0, will repeat
+      *   indefinitely.
+      * @param {boolean=} [invokeApply=true] If set to `false` skips model dirty checking, otherwise
+      *   will invoke `fn` within the {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#methods_$apply $apply} block.
+      * @returns {promise} A promise which will be notified on each iteration.
+      */
+    function interval(fn, delay, count, invokeApply) {
+      var setInterval = $window.setInterval,
+          clearInterval = $window.clearInterval,
+          deferred = $q.defer(),
+          promise = deferred.promise,
+          iteration = 0,
+          skipApply = (isDefined(invokeApply) && !invokeApply);
+      
+      count = isDefined(count) ? count : 0,
+
+      promise.then(null, null, fn);
+
+      promise.$$intervalId = setInterval(function tick() {
+        deferred.notify(iteration++);
+
+        if (count > 0 && iteration >= count) {
+          deferred.resolve(iteration);
+          clearInterval(promise.$$intervalId);
+          delete intervals[promise.$$intervalId];
+        }
+
+        if (!skipApply) $rootScope.$apply();
+
+      }, delay);
+
+      intervals[promise.$$intervalId] = deferred;
+
+      return promise;
+    }
+
+
+     /**
+      * @ngdoc function
+      * @name ng.$interval#cancel
+      * @methodOf ng.$interval
+      *
+      * @description
+      * Cancels a task associated with the `promise`.
+      *
+      * @param {number} promise Promise returned by the `$interval` function.
+      * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if the task was successfully canceled.
+      */
+    interval.cancel = function(promise) {
+      if (promise && promise.$$intervalId in intervals) {
+        intervals[promise.$$intervalId].reject('canceled');
+        clearInterval(promise.$$intervalId);
+        delete intervals[promise.$$intervalId];
+        return true;
+      }
+      return false;
+    };
+
+    return interval;
+  }];
+}
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc object
+ * @name ng.$locale
+ *
+ * @description
+ * $locale service provides localization rules for various Angular components. As of right now the
+ * only public api is:
+ *
+ * * `id` – `{string}` – locale id formatted as `languageId-countryId` (e.g. `en-us`)
+ */
+function $LocaleProvider(){
+  this.$get = function() {
+    return {
+      id: 'en-us',
+
+      NUMBER_FORMATS: {
+        DECIMAL_SEP: '.',
+        GROUP_SEP: ',',
+        PATTERNS: [
+          { // Decimal Pattern
+            minInt: 1,
+            minFrac: 0,
+            maxFrac: 3,
+            posPre: '',
+            posSuf: '',
+            negPre: '-',
+            negSuf: '',
+            gSize: 3,
+            lgSize: 3
+          },{ //Currency Pattern
+            minInt: 1,
+            minFrac: 2,
+            maxFrac: 2,
+            posPre: '\u00A4',
+            posSuf: '',
+            negPre: '(\u00A4',
+            negSuf: ')',
+            gSize: 3,
+            lgSize: 3
+          }
+        ],
+        CURRENCY_SYM: '$'
+      },
+
+      DATETIME_FORMATS: {
+        MONTH:
+            'January,February,March,April,May,June,July,August,September,October,November,December'
+            .split(','),
+        SHORTMONTH:  'Jan,Feb,Mar,Apr,May,Jun,Jul,Aug,Sep,Oct,Nov,Dec'.split(','),
+        DAY: 'Sunday,Monday,Tuesday,Wednesday,Thursday,Friday,Saturday'.split(','),
+        SHORTDAY: 'Sun,Mon,Tue,Wed,Thu,Fri,Sat'.split(','),
+        AMPMS: ['AM','PM'],
+        medium: 'MMM d, y h:mm:ss a',
+        short: 'M/d/yy h:mm a',
+        fullDate: 'EEEE, MMMM d, y',
+        longDate: 'MMMM d, y',
+        mediumDate: 'MMM d, y',
+        shortDate: 'M/d/yy',
+        mediumTime: 'h:mm:ss a',
+        shortTime: 'h:mm a'
+      },
+
+      pluralCat: function(num) {
+        if (num === 1) {
+          return 'one';
+        }
+        return 'other';
+      }
+    };
+  };
+}
+
+var PATH_MATCH = /^([^\?#]*)(\?([^#]*))?(#(.*))?$/,
+    DEFAULT_PORTS = {'http': 80, 'https': 443, 'ftp': 21};
+var $locationMinErr = minErr('$location');
+
+
+/**
+ * Encode path using encodeUriSegment, ignoring forward slashes
+ *
+ * @param {string} path Path to encode
+ * @returns {string}
+ */
+function encodePath(path) {
+  var segments = path.split('/'),
+      i = segments.length;
+
+  while (i--) {
+    segments[i] = encodeUriSegment(segments[i]);
+  }
+
+  return segments.join('/');
+}
+
+function parseAbsoluteUrl(absoluteUrl, locationObj, appBase) {
+  var parsedUrl = urlResolve(absoluteUrl, appBase);
+
+  locationObj.$$protocol = parsedUrl.protocol;
+  locationObj.$$host = parsedUrl.hostname;
+  locationObj.$$port = int(parsedUrl.port) || DEFAULT_PORTS[parsedUrl.protocol] || null;
+}
+
+
+function parseAppUrl(relativeUrl, locationObj, appBase) {
+  var prefixed = (relativeUrl.charAt(0) !== '/');
+  if (prefixed) {
+    relativeUrl = '/' + relativeUrl;
+  }
+  var match = urlResolve(relativeUrl, appBase);
+  locationObj.$$path = decodeURIComponent(prefixed && match.pathname.charAt(0) === '/' ?
+      match.pathname.substring(1) : match.pathname);
+  locationObj.$$search = parseKeyValue(match.search);
+  locationObj.$$hash = decodeURIComponent(match.hash);
+
+  // make sure path starts with '/';
+  if (locationObj.$$path && locationObj.$$path.charAt(0) != '/') {
+    locationObj.$$path = '/' + locationObj.$$path;
+  }
+}
+
+
+/**
+ *
+ * @param {string} begin
+ * @param {string} whole
+ * @returns {string} returns text from whole after begin or undefined if it does not begin with
+ *                   expected string.
+ */
+function beginsWith(begin, whole) {
+  if (whole.indexOf(begin) === 0) {
+    return whole.substr(begin.length);
+  }
+}
+
+
+function stripHash(url) {
+  var index = url.indexOf('#');
+  return index == -1 ? url : url.substr(0, index);
+}
+
+
+function stripFile(url) {
+  return url.substr(0, stripHash(url).lastIndexOf('/') + 1);
+}
+
+/* return the server only (scheme://host:port) */
+function serverBase(url) {
+  return url.substring(0, url.indexOf('/', url.indexOf('//') + 2));
+}
+
+
+/**
+ * LocationHtml5Url represents an url
+ * This object is exposed as $location service when HTML5 mode is enabled and supported
+ *
+ * @constructor
+ * @param {string} appBase application base URL
+ * @param {string} basePrefix url path prefix
+ */
+function LocationHtml5Url(appBase, basePrefix) {
+  this.$$html5 = true;
+  basePrefix = basePrefix || '';
+  var appBaseNoFile = stripFile(appBase);
+  parseAbsoluteUrl(appBase, this, appBase);
+
+
+  /**
+   * Parse given html5 (regular) url string into properties
+   * @param {string} newAbsoluteUrl HTML5 url
+   * @private
+   */
+  this.$$parse = function(url) {
+    var pathUrl = beginsWith(appBaseNoFile, url);
+    if (!isString(pathUrl)) {
+      throw $locationMinErr('ipthprfx', 'Invalid url "{0}", missing path prefix "{1}".', url,
+          appBaseNoFile);
+    }
+
+    parseAppUrl(pathUrl, this, appBase);
+
+    if (!this.$$path) {
+      this.$$path = '/';
+    }
+
+    this.$$compose();
+  };
+
+  /**
+   * Compose url and update `absUrl` property
+   * @private
+   */
+  this.$$compose = function() {
+    var search = toKeyValue(this.$$search),
+        hash = this.$$hash ? '#' + encodeUriSegment(this.$$hash) : '';
+
+    this.$$url = encodePath(this.$$path) + (search ? '?' + search : '') + hash;
+    this.$$absUrl = appBaseNoFile + this.$$url.substr(1); // first char is always '/'
+  };
+
+  this.$$rewrite = function(url) {
+    var appUrl, prevAppUrl;
+
+    if ( (appUrl = beginsWith(appBase, url)) !== undefined ) {
+      prevAppUrl = appUrl;
+      if ( (appUrl = beginsWith(basePrefix, appUrl)) !== undefined ) {
+        return appBaseNoFile + (beginsWith('/', appUrl) || appUrl);
+      } else {
+        return appBase + prevAppUrl;
+      }
+    } else if ( (appUrl = beginsWith(appBaseNoFile, url)) !== undefined ) {
+      return appBaseNoFile + appUrl;
+    } else if (appBaseNoFile == url + '/') {
+      return appBaseNoFile;
+    }
+  };
+}
+
+
+/**
+ * LocationHashbangUrl represents url
+ * This object is exposed as $location service when developer doesn't opt into html5 mode.
+ * It also serves as the base class for html5 mode fallback on legacy browsers.
+ *
+ * @constructor
+ * @param {string} appBase application base URL
+ * @param {string} hashPrefix hashbang prefix
+ */
+function LocationHashbangUrl(appBase, hashPrefix) {
+  var appBaseNoFile = stripFile(appBase);
+
+  parseAbsoluteUrl(appBase, this, appBase);
+
+
+  /**
+   * Parse given hashbang url into properties
+   * @param {string} url Hashbang url
+   * @private
+   */
+  this.$$parse = function(url) {
+    var withoutBaseUrl = beginsWith(appBase, url) || beginsWith(appBaseNoFile, url);
+    var withoutHashUrl = withoutBaseUrl.charAt(0) == '#'
+        ? beginsWith(hashPrefix, withoutBaseUrl)
+        : (this.$$html5)
+          ? withoutBaseUrl
+          : '';
+
+    if (!isString(withoutHashUrl)) {
+      throw $locationMinErr('ihshprfx', 'Invalid url "{0}", missing hash prefix "{1}".', url,
+          hashPrefix);
+    }
+    parseAppUrl(withoutHashUrl, this, appBase);
+
+    this.$$path = removeWindowsDriveName(this.$$path, withoutHashUrl, appBase);
+
+    this.$$compose();
+
+    /*
+     * In Windows, on an anchor node on documents loaded from
+     * the filesystem, the browser will return a pathname
+     * prefixed with the drive name ('/C:/path') when a
+     * pathname without a drive is set:
+     *  * a.setAttribute('href', '/foo')
+     *   * a.pathname === '/C:/foo' //true
+     *
+     * Inside of Angular, we're always using pathnames that
+     * do not include drive names for routing.
+     */
+    function removeWindowsDriveName (path, url, base) {
+      /*
+      Matches paths for file protocol on windows,
+      such as /C:/foo/bar, and captures only /foo/bar.
+      */
+      var windowsFilePathExp = /^\/?.*?:(\/.*)/;
+
+      var firstPathSegmentMatch;
+
+      //Get the relative path from the input URL.
+      if (url.indexOf(base) === 0) {
+        url = url.replace(base, '');
+      }
+
+      /*
+       * The input URL intentionally contains a
+       * first path segment that ends with a colon.
+       */
+      if (windowsFilePathExp.exec(url)) {
+        return path;
+      }
+
+      firstPathSegmentMatch = windowsFilePathExp.exec(path);
+      return firstPathSegmentMatch ? firstPathSegmentMatch[1] : path;
+    }
+  };
+
+  /**
+   * Compose hashbang url and update `absUrl` property
+   * @private
+   */
+  this.$$compose = function() {
+    var search = toKeyValue(this.$$search),
+        hash = this.$$hash ? '#' + encodeUriSegment(this.$$hash) : '';
+
+    this.$$url = encodePath(this.$$path) + (search ? '?' + search : '') + hash;
+    this.$$absUrl = appBase + (this.$$url ? hashPrefix + this.$$url : '');
+  };
+
+  this.$$rewrite = function(url) {
+    if(stripHash(appBase) == stripHash(url)) {
+      return url;
+    }
+  };
+}
+
+
+/**
+ * LocationHashbangUrl represents url
+ * This object is exposed as $location service when html5 history api is enabled but the browser
+ * does not support it.
+ *
+ * @constructor
+ * @param {string} appBase application base URL
+ * @param {string} hashPrefix hashbang prefix
+ */
+function LocationHashbangInHtml5Url(appBase, hashPrefix) {
+  this.$$html5 = true;
+  LocationHashbangUrl.apply(this, arguments);
+
+  var appBaseNoFile = stripFile(appBase);
+
+  this.$$rewrite = function(url) {
+    var appUrl;
+
+    if ( appBase == stripHash(url) ) {
+      return url;
+    } else if ( (appUrl = beginsWith(appBaseNoFile, url)) ) {
+      return appBase + hashPrefix + appUrl;
+    } else if ( appBaseNoFile === url + '/') {
+      return appBaseNoFile;
+    }
+  };
+}
+
+
+LocationHashbangInHtml5Url.prototype =
+  LocationHashbangUrl.prototype =
+  LocationHtml5Url.prototype = {
+
+  /**
+   * Are we in html5 mode?
+   * @private
+   */
+  $$html5: false,
+
+  /**
+   * Has any change been replacing ?
+   * @private
+   */
+  $$replace: false,
+
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc method
+   * @name ng.$location#absUrl
+   * @methodOf ng.$location
+   *
+   * @description
+   * This method is getter only.
+   *
+   * Return full url representation with all segments encoded according to rules specified in
+   * {@link http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3986.txt RFC 3986}.
+   *
+   * @return {string} full url
+   */
+  absUrl: locationGetter('$$absUrl'),
+
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc method
+   * @name ng.$location#url
+   * @methodOf ng.$location
+   *
+   * @description
+   * This method is getter / setter.
+   *
+   * Return url (e.g. `/path?a=b#hash`) when called without any parameter.
+   *
+   * Change path, search and hash, when called with parameter and return `$location`.
+   *
+   * @param {string=} url New url without base prefix (e.g. `/path?a=b#hash`)
+   * @param {string=} replace The path that will be changed
+   * @return {string} url
+   */
+  url: function(url, replace) {
+    if (isUndefined(url))
+      return this.$$url;
+
+    var match = PATH_MATCH.exec(url);
+    if (match[1]) this.path(decodeURIComponent(match[1]));
+    if (match[2] || match[1]) this.search(match[3] || '');
+    this.hash(match[5] || '', replace);
+
+    return this;
+  },
+
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc method
+   * @name ng.$location#protocol
+   * @methodOf ng.$location
+   *
+   * @description
+   * This method is getter only.
+   *
+   * Return protocol of current url.
+   *
+   * @return {string} protocol of current url
+   */
+  protocol: locationGetter('$$protocol'),
+
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc method
+   * @name ng.$location#host
+   * @methodOf ng.$location
+   *
+   * @description
+   * This method is getter only.
+   *
+   * Return host of current url.
+   *
+   * @return {string} host of current url.
+   */
+  host: locationGetter('$$host'),
+
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc method
+   * @name ng.$location#port
+   * @methodOf ng.$location
+   *
+   * @description
+   * This method is getter only.
+   *
+   * Return port of current url.
+   *
+   * @return {Number} port
+   */
+  port: locationGetter('$$port'),
+
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc method
+   * @name ng.$location#path
+   * @methodOf ng.$location
+   *
+   * @description
+   * This method is getter / setter.
+   *
+   * Return path of current url when called without any parameter.
+   *
+   * Change path when called with parameter and return `$location`.
+   *
+   * Note: Path should always begin with forward slash (/), this method will add the forward slash
+   * if it is missing.
+   *
+   * @param {string=} path New path
+   * @return {string} path
+   */
+  path: locationGetterSetter('$$path', function(path) {
+    return path.charAt(0) == '/' ? path : '/' + path;
+  }),
+
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc method
+   * @name ng.$location#search
+   * @methodOf ng.$location
+   *
+   * @description
+   * This method is getter / setter.
+   *
+   * Return search part (as object) of current url when called without any parameter.
+   *
+   * Change search part when called with parameter and return `$location`.
+   *
+   * @param {string|Object.<string>|Object.<Array.<string>>} search New search params - string or
+   * hash object. Hash object may contain an array of values, which will be decoded as duplicates in
+   * the url.
+   *
+   * @param {(string|Array<string>)=} paramValue If `search` is a string, then `paramValue` will override only a
+   * single search parameter. If `paramValue` is an array, it will set the parameter as a
+   * comma-separated value. If `paramValue` is `null`, the parameter will be deleted.
+   *
+   * @return {string} search
+   */
+  search: function(search, paramValue) {
+    switch (arguments.length) {
+      case 0:
+        return this.$$search;
+      case 1:
+        if (isString(search)) {
+          this.$$search = parseKeyValue(search);
+        } else if (isObject(search)) {
+          this.$$search = search;
+        } else {
+          throw $locationMinErr('isrcharg',
+              'The first argument of the `$location#search()` call must be a string or an object.');
+        }
+        break;
+      default:
+        if (isUndefined(paramValue) || paramValue === null) {
+          delete this.$$search[search];
+        } else {
+          this.$$search[search] = paramValue;
+        }
+    }
+
+    this.$$compose();
+    return this;
+  },
+
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc method
+   * @name ng.$location#hash
+   * @methodOf ng.$location
+   *
+   * @description
+   * This method is getter / setter.
+   *
+   * Return hash fragment when called without any parameter.
+   *
+   * Change hash fragment when called with parameter and return `$location`.
+   *
+   * @param {string=} hash New hash fragment
+   * @return {string} hash
+   */
+  hash: locationGetterSetter('$$hash', identity),
+
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc method
+   * @name ng.$location#replace
+   * @methodOf ng.$location
+   *
+   * @description
+   * If called, all changes to $location during current `$digest` will be replacing current history
+   * record, instead of adding new one.
+   */
+  replace: function() {
+    this.$$replace = true;
+    return this;
+  }
+};
+
+function locationGetter(property) {
+  return function() {
+    return this[property];
+  };
+}
+
+
+function locationGetterSetter(property, preprocess) {
+  return function(value) {
+    if (isUndefined(value))
+      return this[property];
+
+    this[property] = preprocess(value);
+    this.$$compose();
+
+    return this;
+  };
+}
+
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc object
+ * @name ng.$location
+ *
+ * @requires $browser
+ * @requires $sniffer
+ * @requires $rootElement
+ *
+ * @description
+ * The $location service parses the URL in the browser address bar (based on the
+ * {@link https://developer.mozilla.org/en/window.location window.location}) and makes the URL
+ * available to your application. Changes to the URL in the address bar are reflected into
+ * $location service and changes to $location are reflected into the browser address bar.
+ *
+ * **The $location service:**
+ *
+ * - Exposes the current URL in the browser address bar, so you can
+ *   - Watch and observe the URL.
+ *   - Change the URL.
+ * - Synchronizes the URL with the browser when the user
+ *   - Changes the address bar.
+ *   - Clicks the back or forward button (or clicks a History link).
+ *   - Clicks on a link.
+ * - Represents the URL object as a set of methods (protocol, host, port, path, search, hash).
+ *
+ * For more information see {@link guide/dev_guide.services.$location Developer Guide: Angular
+ * Services: Using $location}
+ */
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc object
+ * @name ng.$locationProvider
+ * @description
+ * Use the `$locationProvider` to configure how the application deep linking paths are stored.
+ */
+function $LocationProvider(){
+  var hashPrefix = '',
+      html5Mode = false;
+
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc property
+   * @name ng.$locationProvider#hashPrefix
+   * @methodOf ng.$locationProvider
+   * @description
+   * @param {string=} prefix Prefix for hash part (containing path and search)
+   * @returns {*} current value if used as getter or itself (chaining) if used as setter
+   */
+  this.hashPrefix = function(prefix) {
+    if (isDefined(prefix)) {
+      hashPrefix = prefix;
+      return this;
+    } else {
+      return hashPrefix;
+    }
+  };
+
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc property
+   * @name ng.$locationProvider#html5Mode
+   * @methodOf ng.$locationProvider
+   * @description
+   * @param {boolean=} mode Use HTML5 strategy if available.
+   * @returns {*} current value if used as getter or itself (chaining) if used as setter
+   */
+  this.html5Mode = function(mode) {
+    if (isDefined(mode)) {
+      html5Mode = mode;
+      return this;
+    } else {
+      return html5Mode;
+    }
+  };
+
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc event
+   * @name ng.$location#$locationChangeStart
+   * @eventOf ng.$location
+   * @eventType broadcast on root scope
+   * @description
+   * Broadcasted before a URL will change. This change can be prevented by calling
+   * `preventDefault` method of the event. See {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#$on} for more
+   * details about event object. Upon successful change
+   * {@link ng.$location#$locationChangeSuccess $locationChangeSuccess} is fired.
+   *
+   * @param {Object} angularEvent Synthetic event object.
+   * @param {string} newUrl New URL
+   * @param {string=} oldUrl URL that was before it was changed.
+   */
+
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc event
+   * @name ng.$location#$locationChangeSuccess
+   * @eventOf ng.$location
+   * @eventType broadcast on root scope
+   * @description
+   * Broadcasted after a URL was changed.
+   *
+   * @param {Object} angularEvent Synthetic event object.
+   * @param {string} newUrl New URL
+   * @param {string=} oldUrl URL that was before it was changed.
+   */
+
+  this.$get = ['$rootScope', '$browser', '$sniffer', '$rootElement',
+      function( $rootScope,   $browser,   $sniffer,   $rootElement) {
+    var $location,
+        LocationMode,
+        baseHref = $browser.baseHref(), // if base[href] is undefined, it defaults to ''
+        initialUrl = $browser.url(),
+        appBase;
+
+    if (html5Mode) {
+      appBase = serverBase(initialUrl) + (baseHref || '/');
+      LocationMode = $sniffer.history ? LocationHtml5Url : LocationHashbangInHtml5Url;
+    } else {
+      appBase = stripHash(initialUrl);
+      LocationMode = LocationHashbangUrl;
+    }
+    $location = new LocationMode(appBase, '#' + hashPrefix);
+    $location.$$parse($location.$$rewrite(initialUrl));
+
+    $rootElement.on('click', function(event) {
+      // TODO(vojta): rewrite link when opening in new tab/window (in legacy browser)
+      // currently we open nice url link and redirect then
+
+      if (event.ctrlKey || event.metaKey || event.which == 2) return;
+
+      var elm = jqLite(event.target);
+
+      // traverse the DOM up to find first A tag
+      while (lowercase(elm[0].nodeName) !== 'a') {
+        // ignore rewriting if no A tag (reached root element, or no parent - removed from document)
+        if (elm[0] === $rootElement[0] || !(elm = elm.parent())[0]) return;
+      }
+
+      var absHref = elm.prop('href');
+      var rewrittenUrl = $location.$$rewrite(absHref);
+
+      if (absHref && !elm.attr('target') && rewrittenUrl && !event.isDefaultPrevented()) {
+        event.preventDefault();
+        if (rewrittenUrl != $browser.url()) {
+          // update location manually
+          $location.$$parse(rewrittenUrl);
+          $rootScope.$apply();
+          // hack to work around FF6 bug 684208 when scenario runner clicks on links
+          window.angular['ff-684208-preventDefault'] = true;
+        }
+      }
+    });
+
+
+    // rewrite hashbang url <> html5 url
+    if ($location.absUrl() != initialUrl) {
+      $browser.url($location.absUrl(), true);
+    }
+
+    // update $location when $browser url changes
+    $browser.onUrlChange(function(newUrl) {
+      if ($location.absUrl() != newUrl) {
+        if ($rootScope.$broadcast('$locationChangeStart', newUrl,
+                                  $location.absUrl()).defaultPrevented) {
+          $browser.url($location.absUrl());
+          return;
+        }
+        $rootScope.$evalAsync(function() {
+          var oldUrl = $location.absUrl();
+
+          $location.$$parse(newUrl);
+          afterLocationChange(oldUrl);
+        });
+        if (!$rootScope.$$phase) $rootScope.$digest();
+      }
+    });
+
+    // update browser
+    var changeCounter = 0;
+    $rootScope.$watch(function $locationWatch() {
+      var oldUrl = $browser.url();
+      var currentReplace = $location.$$replace;
+
+      if (!changeCounter || oldUrl != $location.absUrl()) {
+        changeCounter++;
+        $rootScope.$evalAsync(function() {
+          if ($rootScope.$broadcast('$locationChangeStart', $location.absUrl(), oldUrl).
+              defaultPrevented) {
+            $location.$$parse(oldUrl);
+          } else {
+            $browser.url($location.absUrl(), currentReplace);
+            afterLocationChange(oldUrl);
+          }
+        });
+      }
+      $location.$$replace = false;
+
+      return changeCounter;
+    });
+
+    return $location;
+
+    function afterLocationChange(oldUrl) {
+      $rootScope.$broadcast('$locationChangeSuccess', $location.absUrl(), oldUrl);
+    }
+}];
+}
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc object
+ * @name ng.$log
+ * @requires $window
+ *
+ * @description
+ * Simple service for logging. Default implementation safely writes the message
+ * into the browser's console (if present).
+ * 
+ * The main purpose of this service is to simplify debugging and troubleshooting.
+ *
+ * The default is to log `debug` messages. You can use
+ * {@link ng.$logProvider ng.$logProvider#debugEnabled} to change this.
+ *
+ * @example
+   <example>
+     <file name="script.js">
+       function LogCtrl($scope, $log) {
+         $scope.$log = $log;
+         $scope.message = 'Hello World!';
+       }
+     </file>
+     <file name="index.html">
+       <div ng-controller="LogCtrl">
+         <p>Reload this page with open console, enter text and hit the log button...</p>
+         Message:
+         <input type="text" ng-model="message"/>
+         <button ng-click="$log.log(message)">log</button>
+         <button ng-click="$log.warn(message)">warn</button>
+         <button ng-click="$log.info(message)">info</button>
+         <button ng-click="$log.error(message)">error</button>
+       </div>
+     </file>
+   </example>
+ */
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc object
+ * @name ng.$logProvider
+ * @description
+ * Use the `$logProvider` to configure how the application logs messages
+ */
+function $LogProvider(){
+  var debug = true,
+      self = this;
+  
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc property
+   * @name ng.$logProvider#debugEnabled
+   * @methodOf ng.$logProvider
+   * @description
+   * @param {string=} flag enable or disable debug level messages
+   * @returns {*} current value if used as getter or itself (chaining) if used as setter
+   */
+  this.debugEnabled = function(flag) {
+    if (isDefined(flag)) {
+      debug = flag;
+    return this;
+    } else {
+      return debug;
+    }
+  };
+  
+  this.$get = ['$window', function($window){
+    return {
+      /**
+       * @ngdoc method
+       * @name ng.$log#log
+       * @methodOf ng.$log
+       *
+       * @description
+       * Write a log message
+       */
+      log: consoleLog('log'),
+
+      /**
+       * @ngdoc method
+       * @name ng.$log#info
+       * @methodOf ng.$log
+       *
+       * @description
+       * Write an information message
+       */
+      info: consoleLog('info'),
+
+      /**
+       * @ngdoc method
+       * @name ng.$log#warn
+       * @methodOf ng.$log
+       *
+       * @description
+       * Write a warning message
+       */
+      warn: consoleLog('warn'),
+
+      /**
+       * @ngdoc method
+       * @name ng.$log#error
+       * @methodOf ng.$log
+       *
+       * @description
+       * Write an error message
+       */
+      error: consoleLog('error'),
+      
+      /**
+       * @ngdoc method
+       * @name ng.$log#debug
+       * @methodOf ng.$log
+       * 
+       * @description
+       * Write a debug message
+       */
+      debug: (function () {
+        var fn = consoleLog('debug');
+
+        return function() {
+          if (debug) {
+            fn.apply(self, arguments);
+          }
+        };
+      }())
+    };
+
+    function formatError(arg) {
+      if (arg instanceof Error) {
+        if (arg.stack) {
+          arg = (arg.message && arg.stack.indexOf(arg.message) === -1)
+              ? 'Error: ' + arg.message + '\n' + arg.stack
+              : arg.stack;
+        } else if (arg.sourceURL) {
+          arg = arg.message + '\n' + arg.sourceURL + ':' + arg.line;
+        }
+      }
+      return arg;
+    }
+
+    function consoleLog(type) {
+      var console = $window.console || {},
+          logFn = console[type] || console.log || noop;
+
+      if (logFn.apply) {
+        return function() {
+          var args = [];
+          forEach(arguments, function(arg) {
+            args.push(formatError(arg));
+          });
+          return logFn.apply(console, args);
+        };
+      }
+
+      // we are IE which either doesn't have window.console => this is noop and we do nothing,
+      // or we are IE where console.log doesn't have apply so we log at least first 2 args
+      return function(arg1, arg2) {
+        logFn(arg1, arg2 == null ? '' : arg2);
+      };
+    }
+  }];
+}
+
+var $parseMinErr = minErr('$parse');
+var promiseWarningCache = {};
+var promiseWarning;
+
+// Sandboxing Angular Expressions
+// ------------------------------
+// Angular expressions are generally considered safe because these expressions only have direct
+// access to $scope and locals. However, one can obtain the ability to execute arbitrary JS code by
+// obtaining a reference to native JS functions such as the Function constructor.
+//
+// As an example, consider the following Angular expression:
+//
+//   {}.toString.constructor(alert("evil JS code"))
+//
+// We want to prevent this type of access. For the sake of performance, during the lexing phase we
+// disallow any "dotted" access to any member named "constructor".
+//
+// For reflective calls (a[b]) we check that the value of the lookup is not the Function constructor
+// while evaluating the expression, which is a stronger but more expensive test. Since reflective
+// calls are expensive anyway, this is not such a big deal compared to static dereferencing.
+//
+// This sandboxing technique is not perfect and doesn't aim to be. The goal is to prevent exploits
+// against the expression language, but not to prevent exploits that were enabled by exposing
+// sensitive JavaScript or browser apis on Scope. Exposing such objects on a Scope is never a good
+// practice and therefore we are not even trying to protect against interaction with an object
+// explicitly exposed in this way.
+//
+// A developer could foil the name check by aliasing the Function constructor under a different
+// name on the scope.
+//
+// In general, it is not possible to access a Window object from an angular expression unless a
+// window or some DOM object that has a reference to window is published onto a Scope.
+
+function ensureSafeMemberName(name, fullExpression) {
+  if (name === "constructor") {
+    throw $parseMinErr('isecfld',
+        'Referencing "constructor" field in Angular expressions is disallowed! Expression: {0}',
+        fullExpression);
+  }
+  return name;
+}
+
+function ensureSafeObject(obj, fullExpression) {
+  // nifty check if obj is Function that is fast and works across iframes and other contexts
+  if (obj) {
+    if (obj.constructor === obj) {
+      throw $parseMinErr('isecfn',
+          'Referencing Function in Angular expressions is disallowed! Expression: {0}',
+          fullExpression);
+    } else if (// isWindow(obj)
+        obj.document && obj.location && obj.alert && obj.setInterval) {
+      throw $parseMinErr('isecwindow',
+          'Referencing the Window in Angular expressions is disallowed! Expression: {0}',
+          fullExpression);
+    } else if (// isElement(obj)
+        obj.children && (obj.nodeName || (obj.on && obj.find))) {
+      throw $parseMinErr('isecdom',
+          'Referencing DOM nodes in Angular expressions is disallowed! Expression: {0}',
+          fullExpression);
+    }
+  }
+  return obj;
+}
+
+var OPERATORS = {
+    /* jshint bitwise : false */
+    'null':function(){return null;},
+    'true':function(){return true;},
+    'false':function(){return false;},
+    undefined:noop,
+    '+':function(self, locals, a,b){
+      a=a(self, locals); b=b(self, locals);
+      if (isDefined(a)) {
+        if (isDefined(b)) {
+          return a + b;
+        }
+        return a;
+      }
+      return isDefined(b)?b:undefined;},
+    '-':function(self, locals, a,b){
+          a=a(self, locals); b=b(self, locals);
+          return (isDefined(a)?a:0)-(isDefined(b)?b:0);
+        },
+    '*':function(self, locals, a,b){return a(self, locals)*b(self, locals);},
+    '/':function(self, locals, a,b){return a(self, locals)/b(self, locals);},
+    '%':function(self, locals, a,b){return a(self, locals)%b(self, locals);},
+    '^':function(self, locals, a,b){return a(self, locals)^b(self, locals);},
+    '=':noop,
+    '===':function(self, locals, a, b){return a(self, locals)===b(self, locals);},
+    '!==':function(self, locals, a, b){return a(self, locals)!==b(self, locals);},
+    '==':function(self, locals, a,b){return a(self, locals)==b(self, locals);},
+    '!=':function(self, locals, a,b){return a(self, locals)!=b(self, locals);},
+    '<':function(self, locals, a,b){return a(self, locals)<b(self, locals);},
+    '>':function(self, locals, a,b){return a(self, locals)>b(self, locals);},
+    '<=':function(self, locals, a,b){return a(self, locals)<=b(self, locals);},
+    '>=':function(self, locals, a,b){return a(self, locals)>=b(self, locals);},
+    '&&':function(self, locals, a,b){return a(self, locals)&&b(self, locals);},
+    '||':function(self, locals, a,b){return a(self, locals)||b(self, locals);},
+    '&':function(self, locals, a,b){return a(self, locals)&b(self, locals);},
+//    '|':function(self, locals, a,b){return a|b;},
+    '|':function(self, locals, a,b){return b(self, locals)(self, locals, a(self, locals));},
+    '!':function(self, locals, a){return !a(self, locals);}
+};
+/* jshint bitwise: true */
+var ESCAPE = {"n":"\n", "f":"\f", "r":"\r", "t":"\t", "v":"\v", "'":"'", '"':'"'};
+
+
+/////////////////////////////////////////
+
+
+/**
+ * @constructor
+ */
+var Lexer = function (options) {
+  this.options = options;
+};
+
+Lexer.prototype = {
+  constructor: Lexer,
+
+  lex: function (text) {
+    this.text = text;
+
+    this.index = 0;
+    this.ch = undefined;
+    this.lastCh = ':'; // can start regexp
+
+    this.tokens = [];
+
+    var token;
+    var json = [];
+
+    while (this.index < this.text.length) {
+      this.ch = this.text.charAt(this.index);
+      if (this.is('"\'')) {
+        this.readString(this.ch);
+      } else if (this.isNumber(this.ch) || this.is('.') && this.isNumber(this.peek())) {
+        this.readNumber();
+      } else if (this.isIdent(this.ch)) {
+        this.readIdent();
+        // identifiers can only be if the preceding char was a { or ,
+        if (this.was('{,') && json[0] === '{' &&
+            (token = this.tokens[this.tokens.length - 1])) {
+          token.json = token.text.indexOf('.') === -1;
+        }
+      } else if (this.is('(){}[].,;:?')) {
+        this.tokens.push({
+          index: this.index,
+          text: this.ch,
+          json: (this.was(':[,') && this.is('{[')) || this.is('}]:,')
+        });
+        if (this.is('{[')) json.unshift(this.ch);
+        if (this.is('}]')) json.shift();
+        this.index++;
+      } else if (this.isWhitespace(this.ch)) {
+        this.index++;
+        continue;
+      } else {
+        var ch2 = this.ch + this.peek();
+        var ch3 = ch2 + this.peek(2);
+        var fn = OPERATORS[this.ch];
+        var fn2 = OPERATORS[ch2];
+        var fn3 = OPERATORS[ch3];
+        if (fn3) {
+          this.tokens.push({index: this.index, text: ch3, fn: fn3});
+          this.index += 3;
+        } else if (fn2) {
+          this.tokens.push({index: this.index, text: ch2, fn: fn2});
+          this.index += 2;
+        } else if (fn) {
+          this.tokens.push({
+            index: this.index,
+            text: this.ch,
+            fn: fn,
+            json: (this.was('[,:') && this.is('+-'))
+          });
+          this.index += 1;
+        } else {
+          this.throwError('Unexpected next character ', this.index, this.index + 1);
+        }
+      }
+      this.lastCh = this.ch;
+    }
+    return this.tokens;
+  },
+
+  is: function(chars) {
+    return chars.indexOf(this.ch) !== -1;
+  },
+
+  was: function(chars) {
+    return chars.indexOf(this.lastCh) !== -1;
+  },
+
+  peek: function(i) {
+    var num = i || 1;
+    return (this.index + num < this.text.length) ? this.text.charAt(this.index + num) : false;
+  },
+
+  isNumber: function(ch) {
+    return ('0' <= ch && ch <= '9');
+  },
+
+  isWhitespace: function(ch) {
+    // IE treats non-breaking space as \u00A0
+    return (ch === ' ' || ch === '\r' || ch === '\t' ||
+            ch === '\n' || ch === '\v' || ch === '\u00A0');
+  },
+
+  isIdent: function(ch) {
+    return ('a' <= ch && ch <= 'z' ||
+            'A' <= ch && ch <= 'Z' ||
+            '_' === ch || ch === '$');
+  },
+
+  isExpOperator: function(ch) {
+    return (ch === '-' || ch === '+' || this.isNumber(ch));
+  },
+
+  throwError: function(error, start, end) {
+    end = end || this.index;
+    var colStr = (isDefined(start)
+            ? 's ' + start +  '-' + this.index + ' [' + this.text.substring(start, end) + ']'
+            : ' ' + end);
+    throw $parseMinErr('lexerr', 'Lexer Error: {0} at column{1} in expression [{2}].',
+        error, colStr, this.text);
+  },
+
+  readNumber: function() {
+    var number = '';
+    var start = this.index;
+    while (this.index < this.text.length) {
+      var ch = lowercase(this.text.charAt(this.index));
+      if (ch == '.' || this.isNumber(ch)) {
+        number += ch;
+      } else {
+        var peekCh = this.peek();
+        if (ch == 'e' && this.isExpOperator(peekCh)) {
+          number += ch;
+        } else if (this.isExpOperator(ch) &&
+            peekCh && this.isNumber(peekCh) &&
+            number.charAt(number.length - 1) == 'e') {
+          number += ch;
+        } else if (this.isExpOperator(ch) &&
+            (!peekCh || !this.isNumber(peekCh)) &&
+            number.charAt(number.length - 1) == 'e') {
+          this.throwError('Invalid exponent');
+        } else {
+          break;
+        }
+      }
+      this.index++;
+    }
+    number = 1 * number;
+    this.tokens.push({
+      index: start,
+      text: number,
+      json: true,
+      fn: function() { return number; }
+    });
+  },
+
+  readIdent: function() {
+    var parser = this;
+
+    var ident = '';
+    var start = this.index;
+
+    var lastDot, peekIndex, methodName, ch;
+
+    while (this.index < this.text.length) {
+      ch = this.text.charAt(this.index);
+      if (ch === '.' || this.isIdent(ch) || this.isNumber(ch)) {
+        if (ch === '.') lastDot = this.index;
+        ident += ch;
+      } else {
+        break;
+      }
+      this.index++;
+    }
+
+    //check if this is not a method invocation and if it is back out to last dot
+    if (lastDot) {
+      peekIndex = this.index;
+      while (peekIndex < this.text.length) {
+        ch = this.text.charAt(peekIndex);
+        if (ch === '(') {
+          methodName = ident.substr(lastDot - start + 1);
+          ident = ident.substr(0, lastDot - start);
+          this.index = peekIndex;
+          break;
+        }
+        if (this.isWhitespace(ch)) {
+          peekIndex++;
+        } else {
+          break;
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+
+    var token = {
+      index: start,
+      text: ident
+    };
+
+    // OPERATORS is our own object so we don't need to use special hasOwnPropertyFn
+    if (OPERATORS.hasOwnProperty(ident)) {
+      token.fn = OPERATORS[ident];
+      token.json = OPERATORS[ident];
+    } else {
+      var getter = getterFn(ident, this.options, this.text);
+      token.fn = extend(function(self, locals) {
+        return (getter(self, locals));
+      }, {
+        assign: function(self, value) {
+          return setter(self, ident, value, parser.text, parser.options);
+        }
+      });
+    }
+
+    this.tokens.push(token);
+
+    if (methodName) {
+      this.tokens.push({
+        index:lastDot,
+        text: '.',
+        json: false
+      });
+      this.tokens.push({
+        index: lastDot + 1,
+        text: methodName,
+        json: false
+      });
+    }
+  },
+
+  readString: function(quote) {
+    var start = this.index;
+    this.index++;
+    var string = '';
+    var rawString = quote;
+    var escape = false;
+    while (this.index < this.text.length) {
+      var ch = this.text.charAt(this.index);
+      rawString += ch;
+      if (escape) {
+        if (ch === 'u') {
+          var hex = this.text.substring(this.index + 1, this.index + 5);
+          if (!hex.match(/[\da-f]{4}/i))
+            this.throwError('Invalid unicode escape [\\u' + hex + ']');
+          this.index += 4;
+          string += String.fromCharCode(parseInt(hex, 16));
+        } else {
+          var rep = ESCAPE[ch];
+          if (rep) {
+            string += rep;
+          } else {
+            string += ch;
+          }
+        }
+        escape = false;
+      } else if (ch === '\\') {
+        escape = true;
+      } else if (ch === quote) {
+        this.index++;
+        this.tokens.push({
+          index: start,
+          text: rawString,
+          string: string,
+          json: true,
+          fn: function() { return string; }
+        });
+        return;
+      } else {
+        string += ch;
+      }
+      this.index++;
+    }
+    this.throwError('Unterminated quote', start);
+  }
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * @constructor
+ */
+var Parser = function (lexer, $filter, options) {
+  this.lexer = lexer;
+  this.$filter = $filter;
+  this.options = options;
+};
+
+Parser.ZERO = function () { return 0; };
+
+Parser.prototype = {
+  constructor: Parser,
+
+  parse: function (text, json) {
+    this.text = text;
+
+    //TODO(i): strip all the obsolte json stuff from this file
+    this.json = json;
+
+    this.tokens = this.lexer.lex(text);
+
+    if (json) {
+      // The extra level of aliasing is here, just in case the lexer misses something, so that
+      // we prevent any accidental execution in JSON.
+      this.assignment = this.logicalOR;
+
+      this.functionCall =
+      this.fieldAccess =
+      this.objectIndex =
+      this.filterChain = function() {
+        this.throwError('is not valid json', {text: text, index: 0});
+      };
+    }
+
+    var value = json ? this.primary() : this.statements();
+
+    if (this.tokens.length !== 0) {
+      this.throwError('is an unexpected token', this.tokens[0]);
+    }
+
+    value.literal = !!value.literal;
+    value.constant = !!value.constant;
+
+    return value;
+  },
+
+  primary: function () {
+    var primary;
+    if (this.expect('(')) {
+      primary = this.filterChain();
+      this.consume(')');
+    } else if (this.expect('[')) {
+      primary = this.arrayDeclaration();
+    } else if (this.expect('{')) {
+      primary = this.object();
+    } else {
+      var token = this.expect();
+      primary = token.fn;
+      if (!primary) {
+        this.throwError('not a primary expression', token);
+      }
+      if (token.json) {
+        primary.constant = true;
+        primary.literal = true;
+      }
+    }
+
+    var next, context;
+    while ((next = this.expect('(', '[', '.'))) {
+      if (next.text === '(') {
+        primary = this.functionCall(primary, context);
+        context = null;
+      } else if (next.text === '[') {
+        context = primary;
+        primary = this.objectIndex(primary);
+      } else if (next.text === '.') {
+        context = primary;
+        primary = this.fieldAccess(primary);
+      } else {
+        this.throwError('IMPOSSIBLE');
+      }
+    }
+    return primary;
+  },
+
+  throwError: function(msg, token) {
+    throw $parseMinErr('syntax',
+        'Syntax Error: Token \'{0}\' {1} at column {2} of the expression [{3}] starting at [{4}].',
+          token.text, msg, (token.index + 1), this.text, this.text.substring(token.index));
+  },
+
+  peekToken: function() {
+    if (this.tokens.length === 0)
+      throw $parseMinErr('ueoe', 'Unexpected end of expression: {0}', this.text);
+    return this.tokens[0];
+  },
+
+  peek: function(e1, e2, e3, e4) {
+    if (this.tokens.length > 0) {
+      var token = this.tokens[0];
+      var t = token.text;
+      if (t === e1 || t === e2 || t === e3 || t === e4 ||
+          (!e1 && !e2 && !e3 && !e4)) {
+        return token;
+      }
+    }
+    return false;
+  },
+
+  expect: function(e1, e2, e3, e4){
+    var token = this.peek(e1, e2, e3, e4);
+    if (token) {
+      if (this.json && !token.json) {
+        this.throwError('is not valid json', token);
+      }
+      this.tokens.shift();
+      return token;
+    }
+    return false;
+  },
+
+  consume: function(e1){
+    if (!this.expect(e1)) {
+      this.throwError('is unexpected, expecting [' + e1 + ']', this.peek());
+    }
+  },
+
+  unaryFn: function(fn, right) {
+    return extend(function(self, locals) {
+      return fn(self, locals, right);
+    }, {
+      constant:right.constant
+    });
+  },
+
+  ternaryFn: function(left, middle, right){
+    return extend(function(self, locals){
+      return left(self, locals) ? middle(self, locals) : right(self, locals);
+    }, {
+      constant: left.constant && middle.constant && right.constant
+    });
+  },
+
+  binaryFn: function(left, fn, right) {
+    return extend(function(self, locals) {
+      return fn(self, locals, left, right);
+    }, {
+      constant:left.constant && right.constant
+    });
+  },
+
+  statements: function() {
+    var statements = [];
+    while (true) {
+      if (this.tokens.length > 0 && !this.peek('}', ')', ';', ']'))
+        statements.push(this.filterChain());
+      if (!this.expect(';')) {
+        // optimize for the common case where there is only one statement.
+        // TODO(size): maybe we should not support multiple statements?
+        return (statements.length === 1)
+            ? statements[0]
+            : function(self, locals) {
+                var value;
+                for (var i = 0; i < statements.length; i++) {
+                  var statement = statements[i];
+                  if (statement) {
+                    value = statement(self, locals);
+                  }
+                }
+                return value;
+              };
+      }
+    }
+  },
+
+  filterChain: function() {
+    var left = this.expression();
+    var token;
+    while (true) {
+      if ((token = this.expect('|'))) {
+        left = this.binaryFn(left, token.fn, this.filter());
+      } else {
+        return left;
+      }
+    }
+  },
+
+  filter: function() {
+    var token = this.expect();
+    var fn = this.$filter(token.text);
+    var argsFn = [];
+    while (true) {
+      if ((token = this.expect(':'))) {
+        argsFn.push(this.expression());
+      } else {
+        var fnInvoke = function(self, locals, input) {
+          var args = [input];
+          for (var i = 0; i < argsFn.length; i++) {
+            args.push(argsFn[i](self, locals));
+          }
+          return fn.apply(self, args);
+        };
+        return function() {
+          return fnInvoke;
+        };
+      }
+    }
+  },
+
+  expression: function() {
+    return this.assignment();
+  },
+
+  assignment: function() {
+    var left = this.ternary();
+    var right;
+    var token;
+    if ((token = this.expect('='))) {
+      if (!left.assign) {
+        this.throwError('implies assignment but [' +
+            this.text.substring(0, token.index) + '] can not be assigned to', token);
+      }
+      right = this.ternary();
+      return function(scope, locals) {
+        return left.assign(scope, right(scope, locals), locals);
+      };
+    }
+    return left;
+  },
+
+  ternary: function() {
+    var left = this.logicalOR();
+    var middle;
+    var token;
+    if ((token = this.expect('?'))) {
+      middle = this.ternary();
+      if ((token = this.expect(':'))) {
+        return this.ternaryFn(left, middle, this.ternary());
+      } else {
+        this.throwError('expected :', token);
+      }
+    } else {
+      return left;
+    }
+  },
+
+  logicalOR: function() {
+    var left = this.logicalAND();
+    var token;
+    while (true) {
+      if ((token = this.expect('||'))) {
+        left = this.binaryFn(left, token.fn, this.logicalAND());
+      } else {
+        return left;
+      }
+    }
+  },
+
+  logicalAND: function() {
+    var left = this.equality();
+    var token;
+    if ((token = this.expect('&&'))) {
+      left = this.binaryFn(left, token.fn, this.logicalAND());
+    }
+    return left;
+  },
+
+  equality: function() {
+    var left = this.relational();
+    var token;
+    if ((token = this.expect('==','!=','===','!=='))) {
+      left = this.binaryFn(left, token.fn, this.equality());
+    }
+    return left;
+  },
+
+  relational: function() {
+    var left = this.additive();
+    var token;
+    if ((token = this.expect('<', '>', '<=', '>='))) {
+      left = this.binaryFn(left, token.fn, this.relational());
+    }
+    return left;
+  },
+
+  additive: function() {
+    var left = this.multiplicative();
+    var token;
+    while ((token = this.expect('+','-'))) {
+      left = this.binaryFn(left, token.fn, this.multiplicative());
+    }
+    return left;
+  },
+
+  multiplicative: function() {
+    var left = this.unary();
+    var token;
+    while ((token = this.expect('*','/','%'))) {
+      left = this.binaryFn(left, token.fn, this.unary());
+    }
+    return left;
+  },
+
+  unary: function() {
+    var token;
+    if (this.expect('+')) {
+      return this.primary();
+    } else if ((token = this.expect('-'))) {
+      return this.binaryFn(Parser.ZERO, token.fn, this.unary());
+    } else if ((token = this.expect('!'))) {
+      return this.unaryFn(token.fn, this.unary());
+    } else {
+      return this.primary();
+    }
+  },
+
+  fieldAccess: function(object) {
+    var parser = this;
+    var field = this.expect().text;
+    var getter = getterFn(field, this.options, this.text);
+
+    return extend(function(scope, locals, self) {
+      return getter(self || object(scope, locals), locals);
+    }, {
+      assign: function(scope, value, locals) {
+        return setter(object(scope, locals), field, value, parser.text, parser.options);
+      }
+    });
+  },
+
+  objectIndex: function(obj) {
+    var parser = this;
+
+    var indexFn = this.expression();
+    this.consume(']');
+
+    return extend(function(self, locals) {
+      var o = obj(self, locals),
+          i = indexFn(self, locals),
+          v, p;
+
+      if (!o) return undefined;
+      v = ensureSafeObject(o[i], parser.text);
+      if (v && v.then && parser.options.unwrapPromises) {
+        p = v;
+        if (!('$$v' in v)) {
+          p.$$v = undefined;
+          p.then(function(val) { p.$$v = val; });
+        }
+        v = v.$$v;
+      }
+      return v;
+    }, {
+      assign: function(self, value, locals) {
+        var key = indexFn(self, locals);
+        // prevent overwriting of Function.constructor which would break ensureSafeObject check
+        var safe = ensureSafeObject(obj(self, locals), parser.text);
+        return safe[key] = value;
+      }
+    });
+  },
+
+  functionCall: function(fn, contextGetter) {
+    var argsFn = [];
+    if (this.peekToken().text !== ')') {
+      do {
+        argsFn.push(this.expression());
+      } while (this.expect(','));
+    }
+    this.consume(')');
+
+    var parser = this;
+
+    return function(scope, locals) {
+      var args = [];
+      var context = contextGetter ? contextGetter(scope, locals) : scope;
+
+      for (var i = 0; i < argsFn.length; i++) {
+        args.push(argsFn[i](scope, locals));
+      }
+      var fnPtr = fn(scope, locals, context) || noop;
+
+      ensureSafeObject(context, parser.text);
+      ensureSafeObject(fnPtr, parser.text);
+
+      // IE stupidity! (IE doesn't have apply for some native functions)
+      var v = fnPtr.apply
+            ? fnPtr.apply(context, args)
+            : fnPtr(args[0], args[1], args[2], args[3], args[4]);
+
+      return ensureSafeObject(v, parser.text);
+    };
+  },
+
+  // This is used with json array declaration
+  arrayDeclaration: function () {
+    var elementFns = [];
+    var allConstant = true;
+    if (this.peekToken().text !== ']') {
+      do {
+        var elementFn = this.expression();
+        elementFns.push(elementFn);
+        if (!elementFn.constant) {
+          allConstant = false;
+        }
+      } while (this.expect(','));
+    }
+    this.consume(']');
+
+    return extend(function(self, locals) {
+      var array = [];
+      for (var i = 0; i < elementFns.length; i++) {
+        array.push(elementFns[i](self, locals));
+      }
+      return array;
+    }, {
+      literal: true,
+      constant: allConstant
+    });
+  },
+
+  object: function () {
+    var keyValues = [];
+    var allConstant = true;
+    if (this.peekToken().text !== '}') {
+      do {
+        var token = this.expect(),
+        key = token.string || token.text;
+        this.consume(':');
+        var value = this.expression();
+        keyValues.push({key: key, value: value});
+        if (!value.constant) {
+          allConstant = false;
+        }
+      } while (this.expect(','));
+    }
+    this.consume('}');
+
+    return extend(function(self, locals) {
+      var object = {};
+      for (var i = 0; i < keyValues.length; i++) {
+        var keyValue = keyValues[i];
+        object[keyValue.key] = keyValue.value(self, locals);
+      }
+      return object;
+    }, {
+      literal: true,
+      constant: allConstant
+    });
+  }
+};
+
+
+//////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// Parser helper functions
+//////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+function setter(obj, path, setValue, fullExp, options) {
+  //needed?
+  options = options || {};
+
+  var element = path.split('.'), key;
+  for (var i = 0; element.length > 1; i++) {
+    key = ensureSafeMemberName(element.shift(), fullExp);
+    var propertyObj = obj[key];
+    if (!propertyObj) {
+      propertyObj = {};
+      obj[key] = propertyObj;
+    }
+    obj = propertyObj;
+    if (obj.then && options.unwrapPromises) {
+      promiseWarning(fullExp);
+      if (!("$$v" in obj)) {
+        (function(promise) {
+          promise.then(function(val) { promise.$$v = val; }); }
+        )(obj);
+      }
+      if (obj.$$v === undefined) {
+        obj.$$v = {};
+      }
+      obj = obj.$$v;
+    }
+  }
+  key = ensureSafeMemberName(element.shift(), fullExp);
+  obj[key] = setValue;
+  return setValue;
+}
+
+var getterFnCache = {};
+
+/**
+ * Implementation of the "Black Hole" variant from:
+ * - http://jsperf.com/angularjs-parse-getter/4
+ * - http://jsperf.com/path-evaluation-simplified/7
+ */
+function cspSafeGetterFn(key0, key1, key2, key3, key4, fullExp, options) {
+  ensureSafeMemberName(key0, fullExp);
+  ensureSafeMemberName(key1, fullExp);
+  ensureSafeMemberName(key2, fullExp);
+  ensureSafeMemberName(key3, fullExp);
+  ensureSafeMemberName(key4, fullExp);
+
+  return !options.unwrapPromises
+      ? function cspSafeGetter(scope, locals) {
+          var pathVal = (locals && locals.hasOwnProperty(key0)) ? locals : scope;
+
+          if (pathVal === null || pathVal === undefined) return pathVal;
+          pathVal = pathVal[key0];
+
+          if (!key1 || pathVal === null || pathVal === undefined) return pathVal;
+          pathVal = pathVal[key1];
+
+          if (!key2 || pathVal === null || pathVal === undefined) return pathVal;
+          pathVal = pathVal[key2];
+
+          if (!key3 || pathVal === null || pathVal === undefined) return pathVal;
+          pathVal = pathVal[key3];
+
+          if (!key4 || pathVal === null || pathVal === undefined) return pathVal;
+          pathVal = pathVal[key4];
+
+          return pathVal;
+        }
+      : function cspSafePromiseEnabledGetter(scope, locals) {
+          var pathVal = (locals && locals.hasOwnProperty(key0)) ? locals : scope,
+              promise;
+
+          if (pathVal === null || pathVal === undefined) return pathVal;
+
+          pathVal = pathVal[key0];
+          if (pathVal && pathVal.then) {
+            promiseWarning(fullExp);
+            if (!("$$v" in pathVal)) {
+              promise = pathVal;
+              promise.$$v = undefined;
+              promise.then(function(val) { promise.$$v = val; });
+            }
+            pathVal = pathVal.$$v;
+          }
+          if (!key1 || pathVal === null || pathVal === undefined) return pathVal;
+
+          pathVal = pathVal[key1];
+          if (pathVal && pathVal.then) {
+            promiseWarning(fullExp);
+            if (!("$$v" in pathVal)) {
+              promise = pathVal;
+              promise.$$v = undefined;
+              promise.then(function(val) { promise.$$v = val; });
+            }
+            pathVal = pathVal.$$v;
+          }
+          if (!key2 || pathVal === null || pathVal === undefined) return pathVal;
+
+          pathVal = pathVal[key2];
+          if (pathVal && pathVal.then) {
+            promiseWarning(fullExp);
+            if (!("$$v" in pathVal)) {
+              promise = pathVal;
+              promise.$$v = undefined;
+              promise.then(function(val) { promise.$$v = val; });
+            }
+            pathVal = pathVal.$$v;
+          }
+          if (!key3 || pathVal === null || pathVal === undefined) return pathVal;
+
+          pathVal = pathVal[key3];
+          if (pathVal && pathVal.then) {
+            promiseWarning(fullExp);
+            if (!("$$v" in pathVal)) {
+              promise = pathVal;
+              promise.$$v = undefined;
+              promise.then(function(val) { promise.$$v = val; });
+            }
+            pathVal = pathVal.$$v;
+          }
+          if (!key4 || pathVal === null || pathVal === undefined) return pathVal;
+
+          pathVal = pathVal[key4];
+          if (pathVal && pathVal.then) {
+            promiseWarning(fullExp);
+            if (!("$$v" in pathVal)) {
+              promise = pathVal;
+              promise.$$v = undefined;
+              promise.then(function(val) { promise.$$v = val; });
+            }
+            pathVal = pathVal.$$v;
+          }
+          return pathVal;
+        };
+}
+
+function getterFn(path, options, fullExp) {
+  // Check whether the cache has this getter already.
+  // We can use hasOwnProperty directly on the cache because we ensure,
+  // see below, that the cache never stores a path called 'hasOwnProperty'
+  if (getterFnCache.hasOwnProperty(path)) {
+    return getterFnCache[path];
+  }
+
+  var pathKeys = path.split('.'),
+      pathKeysLength = pathKeys.length,
+      fn;
+
+  if (options.csp) {
+    if (pathKeysLength < 6) {
+      fn = cspSafeGetterFn(pathKeys[0], pathKeys[1], pathKeys[2], pathKeys[3], pathKeys[4], fullExp,
+                          options);
+    } else {
+      fn = function(scope, locals) {
+        var i = 0, val;
+        do {
+          val = cspSafeGetterFn(pathKeys[i++], pathKeys[i++], pathKeys[i++], pathKeys[i++],
+                                pathKeys[i++], fullExp, options)(scope, locals);
+
+          locals = undefined; // clear after first iteration
+          scope = val;
+        } while (i < pathKeysLength);
+        return val;
+      };
+    }
+  } else {
+    var code = 'var l, fn, p;\n';
+    forEach(pathKeys, function(key, index) {
+      ensureSafeMemberName(key, fullExp);
+      code += 'if(s === null || s === undefined) return s;\n' +
+              'l=s;\n' +
+              's='+ (index
+                      // we simply dereference 's' on any .dot notation
+                      ? 's'
+                      // but if we are first then we check locals first, and if so read it first
+                      : '((k&&k.hasOwnProperty("' + key + '"))?k:s)') + '["' + key + '"]' + ';\n' +
+              (options.unwrapPromises
+                ? 'if (s && s.then) {\n' +
+                  ' pw("' + fullExp.replace(/(["\r\n])/g, '\\$1') + '");\n' +
+                  ' if (!("$$v" in s)) {\n' +
+                    ' p=s;\n' +
+                    ' p.$$v = undefined;\n' +
+                    ' p.then(function(v) {p.$$v=v;});\n' +
+                    '}\n' +
+                  ' s=s.$$v\n' +
+                '}\n'
+                : '');
+    });
+    code += 'return s;';
+
+    /* jshint -W054 */
+    var evaledFnGetter = new Function('s', 'k', 'pw', code); // s=scope, k=locals, pw=promiseWarning
+    /* jshint +W054 */
+    evaledFnGetter.toString = function() { return code; };
+    fn = function(scope, locals) {
+      return evaledFnGetter(scope, locals, promiseWarning);
+    };
+  }
+
+  // Only cache the value if it's not going to mess up the cache object
+  // This is more performant that using Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call
+  if (path !== 'hasOwnProperty') {
+    getterFnCache[path] = fn;
+  }
+  return fn;
+}
+
+///////////////////////////////////
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc function
+ * @name ng.$parse
+ * @function
+ *
+ * @description
+ *
+ * Converts Angular {@link guide/expression expression} into a function.
+ *
+ * <pre>
+ *   var getter = $parse('user.name');
+ *   var setter = getter.assign;
+ *   var context = {user:{name:'angular'}};
+ *   var locals = {user:{name:'local'}};
+ *
+ *   expect(getter(context)).toEqual('angular');
+ *   setter(context, 'newValue');
+ *   expect(context.user.name).toEqual('newValue');
+ *   expect(getter(context, locals)).toEqual('local');
+ * </pre>
+ *
+ *
+ * @param {string} expression String expression to compile.
+ * @returns {function(context, locals)} a function which represents the compiled expression:
+ *
+ *    * `context` – `{object}` – an object against which any expressions embedded in the strings
+ *      are evaluated against (typically a scope object).
+ *    * `locals` – `{object=}` – local variables context object, useful for overriding values in
+ *      `context`.
+ *
+ *    The returned function also has the following properties:
+ *      * `literal` – `{boolean}` – whether the expression's top-level node is a JavaScript
+ *        literal.
+ *      * `constant` – `{boolean}` – whether the expression is made entirely of JavaScript
+ *        constant literals.
+ *      * `assign` – `{?function(context, value)}` – if the expression is assignable, this will be
+ *        set to a function to change its value on the given context.
+ *
+ */
+
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc object
+ * @name ng.$parseProvider
+ * @function
+ *
+ * @description
+ * `$parseProvider` can be used for configuring the default behavior of the {@link ng.$parse $parse}
+ *  service.
+ */
+function $ParseProvider() {
+  var cache = {};
+
+  var $parseOptions = {
+    csp: false,
+    unwrapPromises: false,
+    logPromiseWarnings: true
+  };
+
+
+  /**
+   * @deprecated Promise unwrapping via $parse is deprecated and will be removed in the future.
+   *
+   * @ngdoc method
+   * @name ng.$parseProvider#unwrapPromises
+   * @methodOf ng.$parseProvider
+   * @description
+   *
+   * **This feature is deprecated, see deprecation notes below for more info**
+   *
+   * If set to true (default is false), $parse will unwrap promises automatically when a promise is
+   * found at any part of the expression. In other words, if set to true, the expression will always
+   * result in a non-promise value.
+   *
+   * While the promise is unresolved, it's treated as undefined, but once resolved and fulfilled,
+   * the fulfillment value is used in place of the promise while evaluating the expression.
+   *
+   * **Deprecation notice**
+   *
+   * This is a feature that didn't prove to be wildly useful or popular, primarily because of the
+   * dichotomy between data access in templates (accessed as raw values) and controller code
+   * (accessed as promises).
+   *
+   * In most code we ended up resolving promises manually in controllers anyway and thus unifying
+   * the model access there.
+   *
+   * Other downsides of automatic promise unwrapping:
+   *
+   * - when building components it's often desirable to receive the raw promises
+   * - adds complexity and slows down expression evaluation
+   * - makes expression code pre-generation unattractive due to the amount of code that needs to be
+   *   generated
+   * - makes IDE auto-completion and tool support hard
+   *
+   * **Warning Logs**
+   *
+   * If the unwrapping is enabled, Angular will log a warning about each expression that unwraps a
+   * promise (to reduce the noise, each expression is logged only once). To disable this logging use
+   * `$parseProvider.logPromiseWarnings(false)` api.
+   *
+   *
+   * @param {boolean=} value New value.
+   * @returns {boolean|self} Returns the current setting when used as getter and self if used as
+   *                         setter.
+   */
+  this.unwrapPromises = function(value) {
+    if (isDefined(value)) {
+      $parseOptions.unwrapPromises = !!value;
+      return this;
+    } else {
+      return $parseOptions.unwrapPromises;
+    }
+  };
+
+
+  /**
+   * @deprecated Promise unwrapping via $parse is deprecated and will be removed in the future.
+   *
+   * @ngdoc method
+   * @name ng.$parseProvider#logPromiseWarnings
+   * @methodOf ng.$parseProvider
+   * @description
+   *
+   * Controls whether Angular should log a warning on any encounter of a promise in an expression.
+   *
+   * The default is set to `true`.
+   *
+   * This setting applies only if `$parseProvider.unwrapPromises` setting is set to true as well.
+   *
+   * @param {boolean=} value New value.
+   * @returns {boolean|self} Returns the current setting when used as getter and self if used as
+   *                         setter.
+   */
+ this.logPromiseWarnings = function(value) {
+    if (isDefined(value)) {
+      $parseOptions.logPromiseWarnings = value;
+      return this;
+    } else {
+      return $parseOptions.logPromiseWarnings;
+    }
+  };
+
+
+  this.$get = ['$filter', '$sniffer', '$log', function($filter, $sniffer, $log) {
+    $parseOptions.csp = $sniffer.csp;
+
+    promiseWarning = function promiseWarningFn(fullExp) {
+      if (!$parseOptions.logPromiseWarnings || promiseWarningCache.hasOwnProperty(fullExp)) return;
+      promiseWarningCache[fullExp] = true;
+      $log.warn('[$parse] Promise found in the expression `' + fullExp + '`. ' +
+          'Automatic unwrapping of promises in Angular expressions is deprecated.');
+    };
+
+    return function(exp) {
+      var parsedExpression;
+
+      switch (typeof exp) {
+        case 'string':
+
+          if (cache.hasOwnProperty(exp)) {
+            return cache[exp];
+          }
+
+          var lexer = new Lexer($parseOptions);
+          var parser = new Parser(lexer, $filter, $parseOptions);
+          parsedExpression = parser.parse(exp, false);
+
+          if (exp !== 'hasOwnProperty') {
+            // Only cache the value if it's not going to mess up the cache object
+            // This is more performant that using Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call
+            cache[exp] = parsedExpression;
+          }
+
+          return parsedExpression;
+
+        case 'function':
+          return exp;
+
+        default:
+          return noop;
+      }
+    };
+  }];
+}
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc service
+ * @name ng.$q
+ * @requires $rootScope
+ *
+ * @description
+ * A promise/deferred implementation inspired by [Kris Kowal's Q](https://github.com/kriskowal/q).
+ *
+ * [The CommonJS Promise proposal](http://wiki.commonjs.org/wiki/Promises) describes a promise as an
+ * interface for interacting with an object that represents the result of an action that is
+ * performed asynchronously, and may or may not be finished at any given point in time.
+ *
+ * From the perspective of dealing with error handling, deferred and promise APIs are to
+ * asynchronous programming what `try`, `catch` and `throw` keywords are to synchronous programming.
+ *
+ * <pre>
+ *   // for the purpose of this example let's assume that variables `$q` and `scope` are
+ *   // available in the current lexical scope (they could have been injected or passed in).
+ *
+ *   function asyncGreet(name) {
+ *     var deferred = $q.defer();
+ *
+ *     setTimeout(function() {
+ *       // since this fn executes async in a future turn of the event loop, we need to wrap
+ *       // our code into an $apply call so that the model changes are properly observed.
+ *       scope.$apply(function() {
+ *         deferred.notify('About to greet ' + name + '.');
+ *
+ *         if (okToGreet(name)) {
+ *           deferred.resolve('Hello, ' + name + '!');
+ *         } else {
+ *           deferred.reject('Greeting ' + name + ' is not allowed.');
+ *         }
+ *       });
+ *     }, 1000);
+ *
+ *     return deferred.promise;
+ *   }
+ *
+ *   var promise = asyncGreet('Robin Hood');
+ *   promise.then(function(greeting) {
+ *     alert('Success: ' + greeting);
+ *   }, function(reason) {
+ *     alert('Failed: ' + reason);
+ *   }, function(update) {
+ *     alert('Got notification: ' + update);
+ *   });
+ * </pre>
+ *
+ * At first it might not be obvious why this extra complexity is worth the trouble. The payoff
+ * comes in the way of guarantees that promise and deferred APIs make, see
+ * https://github.com/kriskowal/uncommonjs/blob/master/promises/specification.md.
+ *
+ * Additionally the promise api allows for composition that is very hard to do with the
+ * traditional callback ([CPS](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Continuation-passing_style)) approach.
+ * For more on this please see the [Q documentation](https://github.com/kriskowal/q) especially the
+ * section on serial or parallel joining of promises.
+ *
+ *
+ * # The Deferred API
+ *
+ * A new instance of deferred is constructed by calling `$q.defer()`.
+ *
+ * The purpose of the deferred object is to expose the associated Promise instance as well as APIs
+ * that can be used for signaling the successful or unsuccessful completion, as well as the status
+ * of the task.
+ *
+ * **Methods**
+ *
+ * - `resolve(value)` – resolves the derived promise with the `value`. If the value is a rejection
+ *   constructed via `$q.reject`, the promise will be rejected instead.
+ * - `reject(reason)` – rejects the derived promise with the `reason`. This is equivalent to
+ *   resolving it with a rejection constructed via `$q.reject`.
+ * - `notify(value)` - provides updates on the status of the promises execution. This may be called
+ *   multiple times before the promise is either resolved or rejected.
+ *
+ * **Properties**
+ *
+ * - promise – `{Promise}` – promise object associated with this deferred.
+ *
+ *
+ * # The Promise API
+ *
+ * A new promise instance is created when a deferred instance is created and can be retrieved by
+ * calling `deferred.promise`.
+ *
+ * The purpose of the promise object is to allow for interested parties to get access to the result
+ * of the deferred task when it completes.
+ *
+ * **Methods**
+ *
+ * - `then(successCallback, errorCallback, notifyCallback)` – regardless of when the promise was or
+ *   will be resolved or rejected, `then` calls one of the success or error callbacks asynchronously
+ *   as soon as the result is available. The callbacks are called with a single argument: the result
+ *   or rejection reason. Additionally, the notify callback may be called zero or more times to
+ *   provide a progress indication, before the promise is resolved or rejected.
+ *
+ *   This method *returns a new promise* which is resolved or rejected via the return value of the
+ *   `successCallback`, `errorCallback`. It also notifies via the return value of the
+ *   `notifyCallback` method. The promise can not be resolved or rejected from the notifyCallback
+ *   method.
+ *
+ * - `catch(errorCallback)` – shorthand for `promise.then(null, errorCallback)`
+ *
+ * - `finally(callback)` – allows you to observe either the fulfillment or rejection of a promise,
+ *   but to do so without modifying the final value. This is useful to release resources or do some
+ *   clean-up that needs to be done whether the promise was rejected or resolved. See the [full
+ *   specification](https://github.com/kriskowal/q/wiki/API-Reference#promisefinallycallback) for
+ *   more information.
+ *
+ *   Because `finally` is a reserved word in JavaScript and reserved keywords are not supported as
+ *   property names by ES3, you'll need to invoke the method like `promise['finally'](callback)` to
+ *   make your code IE8 compatible.
+ *
+ * # Chaining promises
+ *
+ * Because calling the `then` method of a promise returns a new derived promise, it is easily
+ * possible to create a chain of promises:
+ *
+ * <pre>
+ *   promiseB = promiseA.then(function(result) {
+ *     return result + 1;
+ *   });
+ *
+ *   // promiseB will be resolved immediately after promiseA is resolved and its value
+ *   // will be the result of promiseA incremented by 1
+ * </pre>
+ *
+ * It is possible to create chains of any length and since a promise can be resolved with another
+ * promise (which will defer its resolution further), it is possible to pause/defer resolution of
+ * the promises at any point in the chain. This makes it possible to implement powerful APIs like
+ * $http's response interceptors.
+ *
+ *
+ * # Differences between Kris Kowal's Q and $q
+ *
+ *  There are two main differences:
+ *
+ * - $q is integrated with the {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope} Scope model observation
+ *   mechanism in angular, which means faster propagation of resolution or rejection into your
+ *   models and avoiding unnecessary browser repaints, which would result in flickering UI.
+ * - Q has many more features than $q, but that comes at a cost of bytes. $q is tiny, but contains
+ *   all the important functionality needed for common async tasks.
+ *
+ *  # Testing
+ *
+ *  <pre>
+ *    it('should simulate promise', inject(function($q, $rootScope) {
+ *      var deferred = $q.defer();
+ *      var promise = deferred.promise;
+ *      var resolvedValue;
+ *
+ *      promise.then(function(value) { resolvedValue = value; });
+ *      expect(resolvedValue).toBeUndefined();
+ *
+ *      // Simulate resolving of promise
+ *      deferred.resolve(123);
+ *      // Note that the 'then' function does not get called synchronously.
+ *      // This is because we want the promise API to always be async, whether or not
+ *      // it got called synchronously or asynchronously.
+ *      expect(resolvedValue).toBeUndefined();
+ *
+ *      // Propagate promise resolution to 'then' functions using $apply().
+ *      $rootScope.$apply();
+ *      expect(resolvedValue).toEqual(123);
+ *    }));
+ *  </pre>
+ */
+function $QProvider() {
+
+  this.$get = ['$rootScope', '$exceptionHandler', function($rootScope, $exceptionHandler) {
+    return qFactory(function(callback) {
+      $rootScope.$evalAsync(callback);
+    }, $exceptionHandler);
+  }];
+}
+
+
+/**
+ * Constructs a promise manager.
+ *
+ * @param {function(function)} nextTick Function for executing functions in the next turn.
+ * @param {function(...*)} exceptionHandler Function into which unexpected exceptions are passed for
+ *     debugging purposes.
+ * @returns {object} Promise manager.
+ */
+function qFactory(nextTick, exceptionHandler) {
+
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc
+   * @name ng.$q#defer
+   * @methodOf ng.$q
+   * @description
+   * Creates a `Deferred` object which represents a task which will finish in the future.
+   *
+   * @returns {Deferred} Returns a new instance of deferred.
+   */
+  var defer = function() {
+    var pending = [],
+        value, deferred;
+
+    deferred = {
+
+      resolve: function(val) {
+        if (pending) {
+          var callbacks = pending;
+          pending = undefined;
+          value = ref(val);
+
+          if (callbacks.length) {
+            nextTick(function() {
+              var callback;
+              for (var i = 0, ii = callbacks.length; i < ii; i++) {
+                callback = callbacks[i];
+                value.then(callback[0], callback[1], callback[2]);
+              }
+            });
+          }
+        }
+      },
+
+
+      reject: function(reason) {
+        deferred.resolve(reject(reason));
+      },
+
+
+      notify: function(progress) {
+        if (pending) {
+          var callbacks = pending;
+
+          if (pending.length) {
+            nextTick(function() {
+              var callback;
+              for (var i = 0, ii = callbacks.length; i < ii; i++) {
+                callback = callbacks[i];
+                callback[2](progress);
+              }
+            });
+          }
+        }
+      },
+
+
+      promise: {
+        then: function(callback, errback, progressback) {
+          var result = defer();
+
+          var wrappedCallback = function(value) {
+            try {
+              result.resolve((isFunction(callback) ? callback : defaultCallback)(value));
+            } catch(e) {
+              result.reject(e);
+              exceptionHandler(e);
+            }
+          };
+
+          var wrappedErrback = function(reason) {
+            try {
+              result.resolve((isFunction(errback) ? errback : defaultErrback)(reason));
+            } catch(e) {
+              result.reject(e);
+              exceptionHandler(e);
+            }
+          };
+
+          var wrappedProgressback = function(progress) {
+            try {
+              result.notify((isFunction(progressback) ? progressback : defaultCallback)(progress));
+            } catch(e) {
+              exceptionHandler(e);
+            }
+          };
+
+          if (pending) {
+            pending.push([wrappedCallback, wrappedErrback, wrappedProgressback]);
+          } else {
+            value.then(wrappedCallback, wrappedErrback, wrappedProgressback);
+          }
+
+          return result.promise;
+        },
+
+        "catch": function(callback) {
+          return this.then(null, callback);
+        },
+
+        "finally": function(callback) {
+
+          function makePromise(value, resolved) {
+            var result = defer();
+            if (resolved) {
+              result.resolve(value);
+            } else {
+              result.reject(value);
+            }
+            return result.promise;
+          }
+
+          function handleCallback(value, isResolved) {
+            var callbackOutput = null;
+            try {
+              callbackOutput = (callback ||defaultCallback)();
+            } catch(e) {
+              return makePromise(e, false);
+            }
+            if (callbackOutput && isFunction(callbackOutput.then)) {
+              return callbackOutput.then(function() {
+                return makePromise(value, isResolved);
+              }, function(error) {
+                return makePromise(error, false);
+              });
+            } else {
+              return makePromise(value, isResolved);
+            }
+          }
+
+          return this.then(function(value) {
+            return handleCallback(value, true);
+          }, function(error) {
+            return handleCallback(error, false);
+          });
+        }
+      }
+    };
+
+    return deferred;
+  };
+
+
+  var ref = function(value) {
+    if (value && isFunction(value.then)) return value;
+    return {
+      then: function(callback) {
+        var result = defer();
+        nextTick(function() {
+          result.resolve(callback(value));
+        });
+        return result.promise;
+      }
+    };
+  };
+
+
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc
+   * @name ng.$q#reject
+   * @methodOf ng.$q
+   * @description
+   * Creates a promise that is resolved as rejected with the specified `reason`. This api should be
+   * used to forward rejection in a chain of promises. If you are dealing with the last promise in
+   * a promise chain, you don't need to worry about it.
+   *
+   * When comparing deferreds/promises to the familiar behavior of try/catch/throw, think of
+   * `reject` as the `throw` keyword in JavaScript. This also means that if you "catch" an error via
+   * a promise error callback and you want to forward the error to the promise derived from the
+   * current promise, you have to "rethrow" the error by returning a rejection constructed via
+   * `reject`.
+   *
+   * <pre>
+   *   promiseB = promiseA.then(function(result) {
+   *     // success: do something and resolve promiseB
+   *     //          with the old or a new result
+   *     return result;
+   *   }, function(reason) {
+   *     // error: handle the error if possible and
+   *     //        resolve promiseB with newPromiseOrValue,
+   *     //        otherwise forward the rejection to promiseB
+   *     if (canHandle(reason)) {
+   *      // handle the error and recover
+   *      return newPromiseOrValue;
+   *     }
+   *     return $q.reject(reason);
+   *   });
+   * </pre>
+   *
+   * @param {*} reason Constant, message, exception or an object representing the rejection reason.
+   * @returns {Promise} Returns a promise that was already resolved as rejected with the `reason`.
+   */
+  var reject = function(reason) {
+    return {
+      then: function(callback, errback) {
+        var result = defer();
+        nextTick(function() {
+          try {
+            result.resolve((isFunction(errback) ? errback : defaultErrback)(reason));
+          } catch(e) {
+            result.reject(e);
+            exceptionHandler(e);
+          }
+        });
+        return result.promise;
+      }
+    };
+  };
+
+
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc
+   * @name ng.$q#when
+   * @methodOf ng.$q
+   * @description
+   * Wraps an object that might be a value or a (3rd party) then-able promise into a $q promise.
+   * This is useful when you are dealing with an object that might or might not be a promise, or if
+   * the promise comes from a source that can't be trusted.
+   *
+   * @param {*} value Value or a promise
+   * @returns {Promise} Returns a promise of the passed value or promise
+   */
+  var when = function(value, callback, errback, progressback) {
+    var result = defer(),
+        done;
+
+    var wrappedCallback = function(value) {
+      try {
+        return (isFunction(callback) ? callback : defaultCallback)(value);
+      } catch (e) {
+        exceptionHandler(e);
+        return reject(e);
+      }
+    };
+
+    var wrappedErrback = function(reason) {
+      try {
+        return (isFunction(errback) ? errback : defaultErrback)(reason);
+      } catch (e) {
+        exceptionHandler(e);
+        return reject(e);
+      }
+    };
+
+    var wrappedProgressback = function(progress) {
+      try {
+        return (isFunction(progressback) ? progressback : defaultCallback)(progress);
+      } catch (e) {
+        exceptionHandler(e);
+      }
+    };
+
+    nextTick(function() {
+      ref(value).then(function(value) {
+        if (done) return;
+        done = true;
+        result.resolve(ref(value).then(wrappedCallback, wrappedErrback, wrappedProgressback));
+      }, function(reason) {
+        if (done) return;
+        done = true;
+        result.resolve(wrappedErrback(reason));
+      }, function(progress) {
+        if (done) return;
+        result.notify(wrappedProgressback(progress));
+      });
+    });
+
+    return result.promise;
+  };
+
+
+  function defaultCallback(value) {
+    return value;
+  }
+
+
+  function defaultErrback(reason) {
+    return reject(reason);
+  }
+
+
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc
+   * @name ng.$q#all
+   * @methodOf ng.$q
+   * @description
+   * Combines multiple promises into a single promise that is resolved when all of the input
+   * promises are resolved.
+   *
+   * @param {Array.<Promise>|Object.<Promise>} promises An array or hash of promises.
+   * @returns {Promise} Returns a single promise that will be resolved with an array/hash of values,
+   *   each value corresponding to the promise at the same index/key in the `promises` array/hash.
+   *   If any of the promises is resolved with a rejection, this resulting promise will be rejected
+   *   with the same rejection value.
+   */
+  function all(promises) {
+    var deferred = defer(),
+        counter = 0,
+        results = isArray(promises) ? [] : {};
+
+    forEach(promises, function(promise, key) {
+      counter++;
+      ref(promise).then(function(value) {
+        if (results.hasOwnProperty(key)) return;
+        results[key] = value;
+        if (!(--counter)) deferred.resolve(results);
+      }, function(reason) {
+        if (results.hasOwnProperty(key)) return;
+        deferred.reject(reason);
+      });
+    });
+
+    if (counter === 0) {
+      deferred.resolve(results);
+    }
+
+    return deferred.promise;
+  }
+
+  return {
+    defer: defer,
+    reject: reject,
+    when: when,
+    all: all
+  };
+}
+
+/**
+ * DESIGN NOTES
+ *
+ * The design decisions behind the scope are heavily favored for speed and memory consumption.
+ *
+ * The typical use of scope is to watch the expressions, which most of the time return the same
+ * value as last time so we optimize the operation.
+ *
+ * Closures construction is expensive in terms of speed as well as memory:
+ *   - No closures, instead use prototypical inheritance for API
+ *   - Internal state needs to be stored on scope directly, which means that private state is
+ *     exposed as $$____ properties
+ *
+ * Loop operations are optimized by using while(count--) { ... }
+ *   - this means that in order to keep the same order of execution as addition we have to add
+ *     items to the array at the beginning (shift) instead of at the end (push)
+ *
+ * Child scopes are created and removed often
+ *   - Using an array would be slow since inserts in middle are expensive so we use linked list
+ *
+ * There are few watches then a lot of observers. This is why you don't want the observer to be
+ * implemented in the same way as watch. Watch requires return of initialization function which
+ * are expensive to construct.
+ */
+
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc object
+ * @name ng.$rootScopeProvider
+ * @description
+ *
+ * Provider for the $rootScope service.
+ */
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc function
+ * @name ng.$rootScopeProvider#digestTtl
+ * @methodOf ng.$rootScopeProvider
+ * @description
+ *
+ * Sets the number of `$digest` iterations the scope should attempt to execute before giving up and
+ * assuming that the model is unstable.
+ *
+ * The current default is 10 iterations.
+ *
+ * In complex applications it's possible that the dependencies between `$watch`s will result in
+ * several digest iterations. However if an application needs more than the default 10 digest
+ * iterations for its model to stabilize then you should investigate what is causing the model to
+ * continuously change during the digest.
+ *
+ * Increasing the TTL could have performance implications, so you should not change it without
+ * proper justification.
+ *
+ * @param {number} limit The number of digest iterations.
+ */
+
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc object
+ * @name ng.$rootScope
+ * @description
+ *
+ * Every application has a single root {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope scope}.
+ * All other scopes are descendant scopes of the root scope. Scopes provide separation
+ * between the model and the view, via a mechanism for watching the model for changes.
+ * They also provide an event emission/broadcast and subscription facility. See the
+ * {@link guide/scope developer guide on scopes}.
+ */
+function $RootScopeProvider(){
+  var TTL = 10;
+  var $rootScopeMinErr = minErr('$rootScope');
+  var lastDirtyWatch = null;
+
+  this.digestTtl = function(value) {
+    if (arguments.length) {
+      TTL = value;
+    }
+    return TTL;
+  };
+
+  this.$get = ['$injector', '$exceptionHandler', '$parse', '$browser',
+      function( $injector,   $exceptionHandler,   $parse,   $browser) {
+
+    /**
+     * @ngdoc function
+     * @name ng.$rootScope.Scope
+     *
+     * @description
+     * A root scope can be retrieved using the {@link ng.$rootScope $rootScope} key from the
+     * {@link AUTO.$injector $injector}. Child scopes are created using the
+     * {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#methods_$new $new()} method. (Most scopes are created automatically when
+     * compiled HTML template is executed.)
+     *
+     * Here is a simple scope snippet to show how you can interact with the scope.
+     * <pre>
+     * <file src="./test/ng/rootScopeSpec.js" tag="docs1" />
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     * # Inheritance
+     * A scope can inherit from a parent scope, as in this example:
+     * <pre>
+         var parent = $rootScope;
+         var child = parent.$new();
+
+         parent.salutation = "Hello";
+         child.name = "World";
+         expect(child.salutation).toEqual('Hello');
+
+         child.salutation = "Welcome";
+         expect(child.salutation).toEqual('Welcome');
+         expect(parent.salutation).toEqual('Hello');
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     *
+     * @param {Object.<string, function()>=} providers Map of service factory which need to be
+     *                                       provided for the current scope. Defaults to {@link ng}.
+     * @param {Object.<string, *>=} instanceCache Provides pre-instantiated services which should
+     *                              append/override services provided by `providers`. This is handy
+     *                              when unit-testing and having the need to override a default
+     *                              service.
+     * @returns {Object} Newly created scope.
+     *
+     */
+    function Scope() {
+      this.$id = nextUid();
+      this.$$phase = this.$parent = this.$$watchers =
+                     this.$$nextSibling = this.$$prevSibling =
+                     this.$$childHead = this.$$childTail = null;
+      this['this'] = this.$root =  this;
+      this.$$destroyed = false;
+      this.$$asyncQueue = [];
+      this.$$postDigestQueue = [];
+      this.$$listeners = {};
+      this.$$isolateBindings = {};
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @ngdoc property
+     * @name ng.$rootScope.Scope#$id
+     * @propertyOf ng.$rootScope.Scope
+     * @returns {number} Unique scope ID (monotonically increasing alphanumeric sequence) useful for
+     *   debugging.
+     */
+
+
+    Scope.prototype = {
+      constructor: Scope,
+      /**
+       * @ngdoc function
+       * @name ng.$rootScope.Scope#$new
+       * @methodOf ng.$rootScope.Scope
+       * @function
+       *
+       * @description
+       * Creates a new child {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope scope}.
+       *
+       * The parent scope will propagate the {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#methods_$digest $digest()} and
+       * {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#methods_$digest $digest()} events. The scope can be removed from the
+       * scope hierarchy using {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#methods_$destroy $destroy()}.
+       *
+       * {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#methods_$destroy $destroy()} must be called on a scope when it is
+       * desired for the scope and its child scopes to be permanently detached from the parent and
+       * thus stop participating in model change detection and listener notification by invoking.
+       *
+       * @param {boolean} isolate If true, then the scope does not prototypically inherit from the
+       *         parent scope. The scope is isolated, as it can not see parent scope properties.
+       *         When creating widgets, it is useful for the widget to not accidentally read parent
+       *         state.
+       *
+       * @returns {Object} The newly created child scope.
+       *
+       */
+      $new: function(isolate) {
+        var ChildScope,
+            child;
+
+        if (isolate) {
+          child = new Scope();
+          child.$root = this.$root;
+          // ensure that there is just one async queue per $rootScope and its children
+          child.$$asyncQueue = this.$$asyncQueue;
+          child.$$postDigestQueue = this.$$postDigestQueue;
+        } else {
+          ChildScope = function() {}; // should be anonymous; This is so that when the minifier munges
+            // the name it does not become random set of chars. This will then show up as class
+            // name in the debugger.
+          ChildScope.prototype = this;
+          child = new ChildScope();
+          child.$id = nextUid();
+        }
+        child['this'] = child;
+        child.$$listeners = {};
+        child.$parent = this;
+        child.$$watchers = child.$$nextSibling = child.$$childHead = child.$$childTail = null;
+        child.$$prevSibling = this.$$childTail;
+        if (this.$$childHead) {
+          this.$$childTail.$$nextSibling = child;
+          this.$$childTail = child;
+        } else {
+          this.$$childHead = this.$$childTail = child;
+        }
+        return child;
+      },
+
+      /**
+       * @ngdoc function
+       * @name ng.$rootScope.Scope#$watch
+       * @methodOf ng.$rootScope.Scope
+       * @function
+       *
+       * @description
+       * Registers a `listener` callback to be executed whenever the `watchExpression` changes.
+       *
+       * - The `watchExpression` is called on every call to {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#methods_$digest
+       *   $digest()} and should return the value that will be watched. (Since
+       *   {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#methods_$digest $digest()} reruns when it detects changes the
+       *   `watchExpression` can execute multiple times per
+       *   {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#methods_$digest $digest()} and should be idempotent.)
+       * - The `listener` is called only when the value from the current `watchExpression` and the
+       *   previous call to `watchExpression` are not equal (with the exception of the initial run,
+       *   see below). The inequality is determined according to
+       *   {@link angular.equals} function. To save the value of the object for later comparison,
+       *   the {@link angular.copy} function is used. It also means that watching complex options
+       *   will have adverse memory and performance implications.
+       * - The watch `listener` may change the model, which may trigger other `listener`s to fire.
+       *   This is achieved by rerunning the watchers until no changes are detected. The rerun
+       *   iteration limit is 10 to prevent an infinite loop deadlock.
+       *
+       *
+       * If you want to be notified whenever {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#methods_$digest $digest} is called,
+       * you can register a `watchExpression` function with no `listener`. (Since `watchExpression`
+       * can execute multiple times per {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#methods_$digest $digest} cycle when a
+       * change is detected, be prepared for multiple calls to your listener.)
+       *
+       * After a watcher is registered with the scope, the `listener` fn is called asynchronously
+       * (via {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#methods_$evalAsync $evalAsync}) to initialize the
+       * watcher. In rare cases, this is undesirable because the listener is called when the result
+       * of `watchExpression` didn't change. To detect this scenario within the `listener` fn, you
+       * can compare the `newVal` and `oldVal`. If these two values are identical (`===`) then the
+       * listener was called due to initialization.
+       *
+       * The example below contains an illustration of using a function as your $watch listener
+       *
+       *
+       * # Example
+       * <pre>
+           // let's assume that scope was dependency injected as the $rootScope
+           var scope = $rootScope;
+           scope.name = 'misko';
+           scope.counter = 0;
+
+           expect(scope.counter).toEqual(0);
+           scope.$watch('name', function(newValue, oldValue) {
+             scope.counter = scope.counter + 1;
+           });
+           expect(scope.counter).toEqual(0);
+
+           scope.$digest();
+           // no variable change
+           expect(scope.counter).toEqual(0);
+
+           scope.name = 'adam';
+           scope.$digest();
+           expect(scope.counter).toEqual(1);
+
+
+
+           // Using a listener function
+           var food;
+           scope.foodCounter = 0;
+           expect(scope.foodCounter).toEqual(0);
+           scope.$watch(
+             // This is the listener function
+             function() { return food; },
+             // This is the change handler
+             function(newValue, oldValue) {
+               if ( newValue !== oldValue ) {
+                 // Only increment the counter if the value changed
+                 scope.foodCounter = scope.foodCounter + 1;
+               }
+             }
+           );
+           // No digest has been run so the counter will be zero
+           expect(scope.foodCounter).toEqual(0);
+
+           // Run the digest but since food has not changed cout will still be zero
+           scope.$digest();
+           expect(scope.foodCounter).toEqual(0);
+
+           // Update food and run digest.  Now the counter will increment
+           food = 'cheeseburger';
+           scope.$digest();
+           expect(scope.foodCounter).toEqual(1);
+
+       * </pre>
+       *
+       *
+       *
+       * @param {(function()|string)} watchExpression Expression that is evaluated on each
+       *    {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#methods_$digest $digest} cycle. A change in the return value triggers
+       *    a call to the `listener`.
+       *
+       *    - `string`: Evaluated as {@link guide/expression expression}
+       *    - `function(scope)`: called with current `scope` as a parameter.
+       * @param {(function()|string)=} listener Callback called whenever the return value of
+       *   the `watchExpression` changes.
+       *
+       *    - `string`: Evaluated as {@link guide/expression expression}
+       *    - `function(newValue, oldValue, scope)`: called with current and previous values as
+       *      parameters.
+       *
+       * @param {boolean=} objectEquality Compare object for equality rather than for reference.
+       * @returns {function()} Returns a deregistration function for this listener.
+       */
+      $watch: function(watchExp, listener, objectEquality) {
+        var scope = this,
+            get = compileToFn(watchExp, 'watch'),
+            array = scope.$$watchers,
+            watcher = {
+              fn: listener,
+              last: initWatchVal,
+              get: get,
+              exp: watchExp,
+              eq: !!objectEquality
+            };
+
+        lastDirtyWatch = null;
+
+        // in the case user pass string, we need to compile it, do we really need this ?
+        if (!isFunction(listener)) {
+          var listenFn = compileToFn(listener || noop, 'listener');
+          watcher.fn = function(newVal, oldVal, scope) {listenFn(scope);};
+        }
+
+        if (typeof watchExp == 'string' && get.constant) {
+          var originalFn = watcher.fn;
+          watcher.fn = function(newVal, oldVal, scope) {
+            originalFn.call(this, newVal, oldVal, scope);
+            arrayRemove(array, watcher);
+          };
+        }
+
+        if (!array) {
+          array = scope.$$watchers = [];
+        }
+        // we use unshift since we use a while loop in $digest for speed.
+        // the while loop reads in reverse order.
+        array.unshift(watcher);
+
+        return function() {
+          arrayRemove(array, watcher);
+        };
+      },
+
+
+      /**
+       * @ngdoc function
+       * @name ng.$rootScope.Scope#$watchCollection
+       * @methodOf ng.$rootScope.Scope
+       * @function
+       *
+       * @description
+       * Shallow watches the properties of an object and fires whenever any of the properties change
+       * (for arrays, this implies watching the array items; for object maps, this implies watching
+       * the properties). If a change is detected, the `listener` callback is fired.
+       *
+       * - The `obj` collection is observed via standard $watch operation and is examined on every
+       *   call to $digest() to see if any items have been added, removed, or moved.
+       * - The `listener` is called whenever anything within the `obj` has changed. Examples include
+       *   adding, removing, and moving items belonging to an object or array.
+       *
+       *
+       * # Example
+       * <pre>
+          $scope.names = ['igor', 'matias', 'misko', 'james'];
+          $scope.dataCount = 4;
+
+          $scope.$watchCollection('names', function(newNames, oldNames) {
+            $scope.dataCount = newNames.length;
+          });
+
+          expect($scope.dataCount).toEqual(4);
+          $scope.$digest();
+
+          //still at 4 ... no changes
+          expect($scope.dataCount).toEqual(4);
+
+          $scope.names.pop();
+          $scope.$digest();
+
+          //now there's been a change
+          expect($scope.dataCount).toEqual(3);
+       * </pre>
+       *
+       *
+       * @param {string|Function(scope)} obj Evaluated as {@link guide/expression expression}. The
+       *    expression value should evaluate to an object or an array which is observed on each
+       *    {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#methods_$digest $digest} cycle. Any shallow change within the
+       *    collection will trigger a call to the `listener`.
+       *
+       * @param {function(newCollection, oldCollection, scope)} listener a callback function that is
+       *    fired with both the `newCollection` and `oldCollection` as parameters.
+       *    The `newCollection` object is the newly modified data obtained from the `obj` expression
+       *    and the `oldCollection` object is a copy of the former collection data.
+       *    The `scope` refers to the current scope.
+       *
+       * @returns {function()} Returns a de-registration function for this listener. When the
+       *    de-registration function is executed, the internal watch operation is terminated.
+       */
+      $watchCollection: function(obj, listener) {
+        var self = this;
+        var oldValue;
+        var newValue;
+        var changeDetected = 0;
+        var objGetter = $parse(obj);
+        var internalArray = [];
+        var internalObject = {};
+        var oldLength = 0;
+
+        function $watchCollectionWatch() {
+          newValue = objGetter(self);
+          var newLength, key;
+
+          if (!isObject(newValue)) {
+            if (oldValue !== newValue) {
+              oldValue = newValue;
+              changeDetected++;
+            }
+          } else if (isArrayLike(newValue)) {
+            if (oldValue !== internalArray) {
+              // we are transitioning from something which was not an array into array.
+              oldValue = internalArray;
+              oldLength = oldValue.length = 0;
+              changeDetected++;
+            }
+
+            newLength = newValue.length;
+
+            if (oldLength !== newLength) {
+              // if lengths do not match we need to trigger change notification
+              changeDetected++;
+              oldValue.length = oldLength = newLength;
+            }
+            // copy the items to oldValue and look for changes.
+            for (var i = 0; i < newLength; i++) {
+              if (oldValue[i] !== newValue[i]) {
+                changeDetected++;
+                oldValue[i] = newValue[i];
+              }
+            }
+          } else {
+            if (oldValue !== internalObject) {
+              // we are transitioning from something which was not an object into object.
+              oldValue = internalObject = {};
+              oldLength = 0;
+              changeDetected++;
+            }
+            // copy the items to oldValue and look for changes.
+            newLength = 0;
+            for (key in newValue) {
+              if (newValue.hasOwnProperty(key)) {
+                newLength++;
+                if (oldValue.hasOwnProperty(key)) {
+                  if (oldValue[key] !== newValue[key]) {
+                    changeDetected++;
+                    oldValue[key] = newValue[key];
+                  }
+                } else {
+                  oldLength++;
+                  oldValue[key] = newValue[key];
+                  changeDetected++;
+                }
+              }
+            }
+            if (oldLength > newLength) {
+              // we used to have more keys, need to find them and destroy them.
+              changeDetected++;
+              for(key in oldValue) {
+                if (oldValue.hasOwnProperty(key) && !newValue.hasOwnProperty(key)) {
+                  oldLength--;
+                  delete oldValue[key];
+                }
+              }
+            }
+          }
+          return changeDetected;
+        }
+
+        function $watchCollectionAction() {
+          listener(newValue, oldValue, self);
+        }
+
+        return this.$watch($watchCollectionWatch, $watchCollectionAction);
+      },
+
+      /**
+       * @ngdoc function
+       * @name ng.$rootScope.Scope#$digest
+       * @methodOf ng.$rootScope.Scope
+       * @function
+       *
+       * @description
+       * Processes all of the {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#methods_$watch watchers} of the current scope and
+       * its children. Because a {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#methods_$watch watcher}'s listener can change
+       * the model, the `$digest()` keeps calling the {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#methods_$watch watchers}
+       * until no more listeners are firing. This means that it is possible to get into an infinite
+       * loop. This function will throw `'Maximum iteration limit exceeded.'` if the number of
+       * iterations exceeds 10.
+       *
+       * Usually, you don't call `$digest()` directly in
+       * {@link ng.directive:ngController controllers} or in
+       * {@link ng.$compileProvider#methods_directive directives}.
+       * Instead, you should call {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#methods_$apply $apply()} (typically from within
+       * a {@link ng.$compileProvider#methods_directive directives}), which will force a `$digest()`.
+       *
+       * If you want to be notified whenever `$digest()` is called,
+       * you can register a `watchExpression` function with
+       * {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#methods_$watch $watch()} with no `listener`.
+       *
+       * In unit tests, you may need to call `$digest()` to simulate the scope life cycle.
+       *
+       * # Example
+       * <pre>
+           var scope = ...;
+           scope.name = 'misko';
+           scope.counter = 0;
+
+           expect(scope.counter).toEqual(0);
+           scope.$watch('name', function(newValue, oldValue) {
+             scope.counter = scope.counter + 1;
+           });
+           expect(scope.counter).toEqual(0);
+
+           scope.$digest();
+           // no variable change
+           expect(scope.counter).toEqual(0);
+
+           scope.name = 'adam';
+           scope.$digest();
+           expect(scope.counter).toEqual(1);
+       * </pre>
+       *
+       */
+      $digest: function() {
+        var watch, value, last,
+            watchers,
+            asyncQueue = this.$$asyncQueue,
+            postDigestQueue = this.$$postDigestQueue,
+            length,
+            dirty, ttl = TTL,
+            next, current, target = this,
+            watchLog = [],
+            logIdx, logMsg, asyncTask;
+
+        beginPhase('$digest');
+
+        lastDirtyWatch = null;
+
+        do { // "while dirty" loop
+          dirty = false;
+          current = target;
+
+          while(asyncQueue.length) {
+            try {
+              asyncTask = asyncQueue.shift();
+              asyncTask.scope.$eval(asyncTask.expression);
+            } catch (e) {
+              clearPhase();
+              $exceptionHandler(e);
+            }
+            lastDirtyWatch = null;
+          }
+
+          traverseScopesLoop:
+          do { // "traverse the scopes" loop
+            if ((watchers = current.$$watchers)) {
+              // process our watches
+              length = watchers.length;
+              while (length--) {
+                try {
+                  watch = watchers[length];
+                  // Most common watches are on primitives, in which case we can short
+                  // circuit it with === operator, only when === fails do we use .equals
+                  if (watch) {
+                    if ((value = watch.get(current)) !== (last = watch.last) &&
+                        !(watch.eq
+                            ? equals(value, last)
+                            : (typeof value == 'number' && typeof last == 'number'
+                               && isNaN(value) && isNaN(last)))) {
+                      dirty = true;
+                      lastDirtyWatch = watch;
+                      watch.last = watch.eq ? copy(value) : value;
+                      watch.fn(value, ((last === initWatchVal) ? value : last), current);
+                      if (ttl < 5) {
+                        logIdx = 4 - ttl;
+                        if (!watchLog[logIdx]) watchLog[logIdx] = [];
+                        logMsg = (isFunction(watch.exp))
+                            ? 'fn: ' + (watch.exp.name || watch.exp.toString())
+                            : watch.exp;
+                        logMsg += '; newVal: ' + toJson(value) + '; oldVal: ' + toJson(last);
+                        watchLog[logIdx].push(logMsg);
+                      }
+                    } else if (watch === lastDirtyWatch) {
+                      // If the most recently dirty watcher is now clean, short circuit since the remaining watchers
+                      // have already been tested.
+                      dirty = false;
+                      break traverseScopesLoop;
+                    }
+                  }
+                } catch (e) {
+                  clearPhase();
+                  $exceptionHandler(e);
+                }
+              }
+            }
+
+            // Insanity Warning: scope depth-first traversal
+            // yes, this code is a bit crazy, but it works and we have tests to prove it!
+            // this piece should be kept in sync with the traversal in $broadcast
+            if (!(next = (current.$$childHead ||
+                (current !== target && current.$$nextSibling)))) {
+              while(current !== target && !(next = current.$$nextSibling)) {
+                current = current.$parent;
+              }
+            }
+          } while ((current = next));
+
+          // `break traverseScopesLoop;` takes us to here
+
+          if(dirty && !(ttl--)) {
+            clearPhase();
+            throw $rootScopeMinErr('infdig',
+                '{0} $digest() iterations reached. Aborting!\n' +
+                'Watchers fired in the last 5 iterations: {1}',
+                TTL, toJson(watchLog));
+          }
+
+        } while (dirty || asyncQueue.length);
+
+        clearPhase();
+
+        while(postDigestQueue.length) {
+          try {
+            postDigestQueue.shift()();
+          } catch (e) {
+            $exceptionHandler(e);
+          }
+        }
+      },
+
+
+      /**
+       * @ngdoc event
+       * @name ng.$rootScope.Scope#$destroy
+       * @eventOf ng.$rootScope.Scope
+       * @eventType broadcast on scope being destroyed
+       *
+       * @description
+       * Broadcasted when a scope and its children are being destroyed.
+       *
+       * Note that, in AngularJS, there is also a `$destroy` jQuery event, which can be used to
+       * clean up DOM bindings before an element is removed from the DOM.
+       */
+
+      /**
+       * @ngdoc function
+       * @name ng.$rootScope.Scope#$destroy
+       * @methodOf ng.$rootScope.Scope
+       * @function
+       *
+       * @description
+       * Removes the current scope (and all of its children) from the parent scope. Removal implies
+       * that calls to {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#methods_$digest $digest()} will no longer
+       * propagate to the current scope and its children. Removal also implies that the current
+       * scope is eligible for garbage collection.
+       *
+       * The `$destroy()` is usually used by directives such as
+       * {@link ng.directive:ngRepeat ngRepeat} for managing the
+       * unrolling of the loop.
+       *
+       * Just before a scope is destroyed, a `$destroy` event is broadcasted on this scope.
+       * Application code can register a `$destroy` event handler that will give it a chance to
+       * perform any necessary cleanup.
+       *
+       * Note that, in AngularJS, there is also a `$destroy` jQuery event, which can be used to
+       * clean up DOM bindings before an element is removed from the DOM.
+       */
+      $destroy: function() {
+        // we can't destroy the root scope or a scope that has been already destroyed
+        if (this.$$destroyed) return;
+        var parent = this.$parent;
+
+        this.$broadcast('$destroy');
+        this.$$destroyed = true;
+        if (this === $rootScope) return;
+
+        if (parent.$$childHead == this) parent.$$childHead = this.$$nextSibling;
+        if (parent.$$childTail == this) parent.$$childTail = this.$$prevSibling;
+        if (this.$$prevSibling) this.$$prevSibling.$$nextSibling = this.$$nextSibling;
+        if (this.$$nextSibling) this.$$nextSibling.$$prevSibling = this.$$prevSibling;
+
+        // This is bogus code that works around Chrome's GC leak
+        // see: https://github.com/angular/angular.js/issues/1313#issuecomment-10378451
+        this.$parent = this.$$nextSibling = this.$$prevSibling = this.$$childHead =
+            this.$$childTail = null;
+      },
+
+      /**
+       * @ngdoc function
+       * @name ng.$rootScope.Scope#$eval
+       * @methodOf ng.$rootScope.Scope
+       * @function
+       *
+       * @description
+       * Executes the `expression` on the current scope and returns the result. Any exceptions in
+       * the expression are propagated (uncaught). This is useful when evaluating Angular
+       * expressions.
+       *
+       * # Example
+       * <pre>
+           var scope = ng.$rootScope.Scope();
+           scope.a = 1;
+           scope.b = 2;
+
+           expect(scope.$eval('a+b')).toEqual(3);
+           expect(scope.$eval(function(scope){ return scope.a + scope.b; })).toEqual(3);
+       * </pre>
+       *
+       * @param {(string|function())=} expression An angular expression to be executed.
+       *
+       *    - `string`: execute using the rules as defined in  {@link guide/expression expression}.
+       *    - `function(scope)`: execute the function with the current `scope` parameter.
+       *
+       * @param {(object)=} locals Local variables object, useful for overriding values in scope.
+       * @returns {*} The result of evaluating the expression.
+       */
+      $eval: function(expr, locals) {
+        return $parse(expr)(this, locals);
+      },
+
+      /**
+       * @ngdoc function
+       * @name ng.$rootScope.Scope#$evalAsync
+       * @methodOf ng.$rootScope.Scope
+       * @function
+       *
+       * @description
+       * Executes the expression on the current scope at a later point in time.
+       *
+       * The `$evalAsync` makes no guarantees as to when the `expression` will be executed, only
+       * that:
+       *
+       *   - it will execute after the function that scheduled the evaluation (preferably before DOM
+       *     rendering).
+       *   - at least one {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#methods_$digest $digest cycle} will be performed after
+       *     `expression` execution.
+       *
+       * Any exceptions from the execution of the expression are forwarded to the
+       * {@link ng.$exceptionHandler $exceptionHandler} service.
+       *
+       * __Note:__ if this function is called outside of a `$digest` cycle, a new `$digest` cycle
+       * will be scheduled. However, it is encouraged to always call code that changes the model
+       * from within an `$apply` call. That includes code evaluated via `$evalAsync`.
+       *
+       * @param {(string|function())=} expression An angular expression to be executed.
+       *
+       *    - `string`: execute using the rules as defined in {@link guide/expression expression}.
+       *    - `function(scope)`: execute the function with the current `scope` parameter.
+       *
+       */
+      $evalAsync: function(expr) {
+        // if we are outside of an $digest loop and this is the first time we are scheduling async
+        // task also schedule async auto-flush
+        if (!$rootScope.$$phase && !$rootScope.$$asyncQueue.length) {
+          $browser.defer(function() {
+            if ($rootScope.$$asyncQueue.length) {
+              $rootScope.$digest();
+            }
+          });
+        }
+
+        this.$$asyncQueue.push({scope: this, expression: expr});
+      },
+
+      $$postDigest : function(fn) {
+        this.$$postDigestQueue.push(fn);
+      },
+
+      /**
+       * @ngdoc function
+       * @name ng.$rootScope.Scope#$apply
+       * @methodOf ng.$rootScope.Scope
+       * @function
+       *
+       * @description
+       * `$apply()` is used to execute an expression in angular from outside of the angular
+       * framework. (For example from browser DOM events, setTimeout, XHR or third party libraries).
+       * Because we are calling into the angular framework we need to perform proper scope life
+       * cycle of {@link ng.$exceptionHandler exception handling},
+       * {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#methods_$digest executing watches}.
+       *
+       * ## Life cycle
+       *
+       * # Pseudo-Code of `$apply()`
+       * <pre>
+           function $apply(expr) {
+             try {
+               return $eval(expr);
+             } catch (e) {
+               $exceptionHandler(e);
+             } finally {
+               $root.$digest();
+             }
+           }
+       * </pre>
+       *
+       *
+       * Scope's `$apply()` method transitions through the following stages:
+       *
+       * 1. The {@link guide/expression expression} is executed using the
+       *    {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#methods_$eval $eval()} method.
+       * 2. Any exceptions from the execution of the expression are forwarded to the
+       *    {@link ng.$exceptionHandler $exceptionHandler} service.
+       * 3. The {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#methods_$watch watch} listeners are fired immediately after the
+       *    expression was executed using the {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#methods_$digest $digest()} method.
+       *
+       *
+       * @param {(string|function())=} exp An angular expression to be executed.
+       *
+       *    - `string`: execute using the rules as defined in {@link guide/expression expression}.
+       *    - `function(scope)`: execute the function with current `scope` parameter.
+       *
+       * @returns {*} The result of evaluating the expression.
+       */
+      $apply: function(expr) {
+        try {
+          beginPhase('$apply');
+          return this.$eval(expr);
+        } catch (e) {
+          $exceptionHandler(e);
+        } finally {
+          clearPhase();
+          try {
+            $rootScope.$digest();
+          } catch (e) {
+            $exceptionHandler(e);
+            throw e;
+          }
+        }
+      },
+
+      /**
+       * @ngdoc function
+       * @name ng.$rootScope.Scope#$on
+       * @methodOf ng.$rootScope.Scope
+       * @function
+       *
+       * @description
+       * Listens on events of a given type. See {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#methods_$emit $emit} for
+       * discussion of event life cycle.
+       *
+       * The event listener function format is: `function(event, args...)`. The `event` object
+       * passed into the listener has the following attributes:
+       *
+       *   - `targetScope` - `{Scope}`: the scope on which the event was `$emit`-ed or
+       *     `$broadcast`-ed.
+       *   - `currentScope` - `{Scope}`: the current scope which is handling the event.
+       *   - `name` - `{string}`: name of the event.
+       *   - `stopPropagation` - `{function=}`: calling `stopPropagation` function will cancel
+       *     further event propagation (available only for events that were `$emit`-ed).
+       *   - `preventDefault` - `{function}`: calling `preventDefault` sets `defaultPrevented` flag
+       *     to true.
+       *   - `defaultPrevented` - `{boolean}`: true if `preventDefault` was called.
+       *
+       * @param {string} name Event name to listen on.
+       * @param {function(event, args...)} listener Function to call when the event is emitted.
+       * @returns {function()} Returns a deregistration function for this listener.
+       */
+      $on: function(name, listener) {
+        var namedListeners = this.$$listeners[name];
+        if (!namedListeners) {
+          this.$$listeners[name] = namedListeners = [];
+        }
+        namedListeners.push(listener);
+
+        return function() {
+          namedListeners[indexOf(namedListeners, listener)] = null;
+        };
+      },
+
+
+      /**
+       * @ngdoc function
+       * @name ng.$rootScope.Scope#$emit
+       * @methodOf ng.$rootScope.Scope
+       * @function
+       *
+       * @description
+       * Dispatches an event `name` upwards through the scope hierarchy notifying the
+       * registered {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#methods_$on} listeners.
+       *
+       * The event life cycle starts at the scope on which `$emit` was called. All
+       * {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#methods_$on listeners} listening for `name` event on this scope get
+       * notified. Afterwards, the event traverses upwards toward the root scope and calls all
+       * registered listeners along the way. The event will stop propagating if one of the listeners
+       * cancels it.
+       *
+       * Any exception emitted from the {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#methods_$on listeners} will be passed
+       * onto the {@link ng.$exceptionHandler $exceptionHandler} service.
+       *
+       * @param {string} name Event name to emit.
+       * @param {...*} args Optional set of arguments which will be passed onto the event listeners.
+       * @return {Object} Event object (see {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#methods_$on}).
+       */
+      $emit: function(name, args) {
+        var empty = [],
+            namedListeners,
+            scope = this,
+            stopPropagation = false,
+            event = {
+              name: name,
+              targetScope: scope,
+              stopPropagation: function() {stopPropagation = true;},
+              preventDefault: function() {
+                event.defaultPrevented = true;
+              },
+              defaultPrevented: false
+            },
+            listenerArgs = concat([event], arguments, 1),
+            i, length;
+
+        do {
+          namedListeners = scope.$$listeners[name] || empty;
+          event.currentScope = scope;
+          for (i=0, length=namedListeners.length; i<length; i++) {
+
+            // if listeners were deregistered, defragment the array
+            if (!namedListeners[i]) {
+              namedListeners.splice(i, 1);
+              i--;
+              length--;
+              continue;
+            }
+            try {
+              //allow all listeners attached to the current scope to run
+              namedListeners[i].apply(null, listenerArgs);
+            } catch (e) {
+              $exceptionHandler(e);
+            }
+          }
+          //if any listener on the current scope stops propagation, prevent bubbling
+          if (stopPropagation) return event;
+          //traverse upwards
+          scope = scope.$parent;
+        } while (scope);
+
+        return event;
+      },
+
+
+      /**
+       * @ngdoc function
+       * @name ng.$rootScope.Scope#$broadcast
+       * @methodOf ng.$rootScope.Scope
+       * @function
+       *
+       * @description
+       * Dispatches an event `name` downwards to all child scopes (and their children) notifying the
+       * registered {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#methods_$on} listeners.
+       *
+       * The event life cycle starts at the scope on which `$broadcast` was called. All
+       * {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#methods_$on listeners} listening for `name` event on this scope get
+       * notified. Afterwards, the event propagates to all direct and indirect scopes of the current
+       * scope and calls all registered listeners along the way. The event cannot be canceled.
+       *
+       * Any exception emitted from the {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#methods_$on listeners} will be passed
+       * onto the {@link ng.$exceptionHandler $exceptionHandler} service.
+       *
+       * @param {string} name Event name to broadcast.
+       * @param {...*} args Optional set of arguments which will be passed onto the event listeners.
+       * @return {Object} Event object, see {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#methods_$on}
+       */
+      $broadcast: function(name, args) {
+        var target = this,
+            current = target,
+            next = target,
+            event = {
+              name: name,
+              targetScope: target,
+              preventDefault: function() {
+                event.defaultPrevented = true;
+              },
+              defaultPrevented: false
+            },
+            listenerArgs = concat([event], arguments, 1),
+            listeners, i, length;
+
+        //down while you can, then up and next sibling or up and next sibling until back at root
+        do {
+          current = next;
+          event.currentScope = current;
+          listeners = current.$$listeners[name] || [];
+          for (i=0, length = listeners.length; i<length; i++) {
+            // if listeners were deregistered, defragment the array
+            if (!listeners[i]) {
+              listeners.splice(i, 1);
+              i--;
+              length--;
+              continue;
+            }
+
+            try {
+              listeners[i].apply(null, listenerArgs);
+            } catch(e) {
+              $exceptionHandler(e);
+            }
+          }
+
+          // Insanity Warning: scope depth-first traversal
+          // yes, this code is a bit crazy, but it works and we have tests to prove it!
+          // this piece should be kept in sync with the traversal in $digest
+          if (!(next = (current.$$childHead || (current !== target && current.$$nextSibling)))) {
+            while(current !== target && !(next = current.$$nextSibling)) {
+              current = current.$parent;
+            }
+          }
+        } while ((current = next));
+
+        return event;
+      }
+    };
+
+    var $rootScope = new Scope();
+
+    return $rootScope;
+
+
+    function beginPhase(phase) {
+      if ($rootScope.$$phase) {
+        throw $rootScopeMinErr('inprog', '{0} already in progress', $rootScope.$$phase);
+      }
+
+      $rootScope.$$phase = phase;
+    }
+
+    function clearPhase() {
+      $rootScope.$$phase = null;
+    }
+
+    function compileToFn(exp, name) {
+      var fn = $parse(exp);
+      assertArgFn(fn, name);
+      return fn;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * function used as an initial value for watchers.
+     * because it's unique we can easily tell it apart from other values
+     */
+    function initWatchVal() {}
+  }];
+}
+
+/**
+ * @description
+ * Private service to sanitize uris for links and images. Used by $compile and $sanitize.
+ */
+function $$SanitizeUriProvider() {
+  var aHrefSanitizationWhitelist = /^\s*(https?|ftp|mailto|tel|file):/,
+    imgSrcSanitizationWhitelist = /^\s*(https?|ftp|file):|data:image\//;
+
+  /**
+   * @description
+   * Retrieves or overrides the default regular expression that is used for whitelisting of safe
+   * urls during a[href] sanitization.
+   *
+   * The sanitization is a security measure aimed at prevent XSS attacks via html links.
+   *
+   * Any url about to be assigned to a[href] via data-binding is first normalized and turned into
+   * an absolute url. Afterwards, the url is matched against the `aHrefSanitizationWhitelist`
+   * regular expression. If a match is found, the original url is written into the dom. Otherwise,
+   * the absolute url is prefixed with `'unsafe:'` string and only then is it written into the DOM.
+   *
+   * @param {RegExp=} regexp New regexp to whitelist urls with.
+   * @returns {RegExp|ng.$compileProvider} Current RegExp if called without value or self for
+   *    chaining otherwise.
+   */
+  this.aHrefSanitizationWhitelist = function(regexp) {
+    if (isDefined(regexp)) {
+      aHrefSanitizationWhitelist = regexp;
+      return this;
+    }
+    return aHrefSanitizationWhitelist;
+  };
+
+
+  /**
+   * @description
+   * Retrieves or overrides the default regular expression that is used for whitelisting of safe
+   * urls during img[src] sanitization.
+   *
+   * The sanitization is a security measure aimed at prevent XSS attacks via html links.
+   *
+   * Any url about to be assigned to img[src] via data-binding is first normalized and turned into
+   * an absolute url. Afterwards, the url is matched against the `imgSrcSanitizationWhitelist`
+   * regular expression. If a match is found, the original url is written into the dom. Otherwise,
+   * the absolute url is prefixed with `'unsafe:'` string and only then is it written into the DOM.
+   *
+   * @param {RegExp=} regexp New regexp to whitelist urls with.
+   * @returns {RegExp|ng.$compileProvider} Current RegExp if called without value or self for
+   *    chaining otherwise.
+   */
+  this.imgSrcSanitizationWhitelist = function(regexp) {
+    if (isDefined(regexp)) {
+      imgSrcSanitizationWhitelist = regexp;
+      return this;
+    }
+    return imgSrcSanitizationWhitelist;
+  };
+
+  this.$get = function() {
+    return function sanitizeUri(uri, isImage) {
+      var regex = isImage ? imgSrcSanitizationWhitelist : aHrefSanitizationWhitelist;
+      var normalizedVal;
+      // NOTE: urlResolve() doesn't support IE < 8 so we don't sanitize for that case.
+      if (!msie || msie >= 8 ) {
+        normalizedVal = urlResolve(uri).href;
+        if (normalizedVal !== '' && !normalizedVal.match(regex)) {
+          return 'unsafe:'+normalizedVal;
+        }
+      }
+      return uri;
+    };
+  };
+}
+
+var $sceMinErr = minErr('$sce');
+
+var SCE_CONTEXTS = {
+  HTML: 'html',
+  CSS: 'css',
+  URL: 'url',
+  // RESOURCE_URL is a subtype of URL used in contexts where a privileged resource is sourced from a
+  // url.  (e.g. ng-include, script src, templateUrl)
+  RESOURCE_URL: 'resourceUrl',
+  JS: 'js'
+};
+
+// Helper functions follow.
+
+// Copied from:
+// http://docs.closure-library.googlecode.com/git/closure_goog_string_string.js.source.html#line962
+// Prereq: s is a string.
+function escapeForRegexp(s) {
+  return s.replace(/([-()\[\]{}+?*.$\^|,:#<!\\])/g, '\\$1').
+           replace(/\x08/g, '\\x08');
+}
+
+
+function adjustMatcher(matcher) {
+  if (matcher === 'self') {
+    return matcher;
+  } else if (isString(matcher)) {
+    // Strings match exactly except for 2 wildcards - '*' and '**'.
+    // '*' matches any character except those from the set ':/.?&'.
+    // '**' matches any character (like .* in a RegExp).
+    // More than 2 *'s raises an error as it's ill defined.
+    if (matcher.indexOf('***') > -1) {
+      throw $sceMinErr('iwcard',
+          'Illegal sequence *** in string matcher.  String: {0}', matcher);
+    }
+    matcher = escapeForRegexp(matcher).
+                  replace('\\*\\*', '.*').
+                  replace('\\*', '[^:/.?&;]*');
+    return new RegExp('^' + matcher + '$');
+  } else if (isRegExp(matcher)) {
+    // The only other type of matcher allowed is a Regexp.
+    // Match entire URL / disallow partial matches.
+    // Flags are reset (i.e. no global, ignoreCase or multiline)
+    return new RegExp('^' + matcher.source + '$');
+  } else {
+    throw $sceMinErr('imatcher',
+        'Matchers may only be "self", string patterns or RegExp objects');
+  }
+}
+
+
+function adjustMatchers(matchers) {
+  var adjustedMatchers = [];
+  if (isDefined(matchers)) {
+    forEach(matchers, function(matcher) {
+      adjustedMatchers.push(adjustMatcher(matcher));
+    });
+  }
+  return adjustedMatchers;
+}
+
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc service
+ * @name ng.$sceDelegate
+ * @function
+ *
+ * @description
+ *
+ * `$sceDelegate` is a service that is used by the `$sce` service to provide {@link ng.$sce Strict
+ * Contextual Escaping (SCE)} services to AngularJS.
+ *
+ * Typically, you would configure or override the {@link ng.$sceDelegate $sceDelegate} instead of
+ * the `$sce` service to customize the way Strict Contextual Escaping works in AngularJS.  This is
+ * because, while the `$sce` provides numerous shorthand methods, etc., you really only need to
+ * override 3 core functions (`trustAs`, `getTrusted` and `valueOf`) to replace the way things
+ * work because `$sce` delegates to `$sceDelegate` for these operations.
+ *
+ * Refer {@link ng.$sceDelegateProvider $sceDelegateProvider} to configure this service.
+ *
+ * The default instance of `$sceDelegate` should work out of the box with little pain.  While you
+ * can override it completely to change the behavior of `$sce`, the common case would
+ * involve configuring the {@link ng.$sceDelegateProvider $sceDelegateProvider} instead by setting
+ * your own whitelists and blacklists for trusting URLs used for loading AngularJS resources such as
+ * templates.  Refer {@link ng.$sceDelegateProvider#methods_resourceUrlWhitelist
+ * $sceDelegateProvider.resourceUrlWhitelist} and {@link
+ * ng.$sceDelegateProvider#methods_resourceUrlBlacklist $sceDelegateProvider.resourceUrlBlacklist}
+ */
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc object
+ * @name ng.$sceDelegateProvider
+ * @description
+ *
+ * The `$sceDelegateProvider` provider allows developers to configure the {@link ng.$sceDelegate
+ * $sceDelegate} service.  This allows one to get/set the whitelists and blacklists used to ensure
+ * that the URLs used for sourcing Angular templates are safe.  Refer {@link
+ * ng.$sceDelegateProvider#methods_resourceUrlWhitelist $sceDelegateProvider.resourceUrlWhitelist} and
+ * {@link ng.$sceDelegateProvider#methods_resourceUrlBlacklist $sceDelegateProvider.resourceUrlBlacklist}
+ *
+ * For the general details about this service in Angular, read the main page for {@link ng.$sce
+ * Strict Contextual Escaping (SCE)}.
+ *
+ * **Example**:  Consider the following case. <a name="example"></a>
+ *
+ * - your app is hosted at url `http://myapp.example.com/`
+ * - but some of your templates are hosted on other domains you control such as
+ *   `http://srv01.assets.example.com/`,  `http://srv02.assets.example.com/`, etc.
+ * - and you have an open redirect at `http://myapp.example.com/clickThru?...`.
+ *
+ * Here is what a secure configuration for this scenario might look like:
+ *
+ * <pre class="prettyprint">
+ *    angular.module('myApp', []).config(function($sceDelegateProvider) {
+ *      $sceDelegateProvider.resourceUrlWhitelist([
+ *        // Allow same origin resource loads.
+ *        'self',
+ *        // Allow loading from our assets domain.  Notice the difference between * and **.
+ *        'http://srv*.assets.example.com/**']);
+ *
+ *      // The blacklist overrides the whitelist so the open redirect here is blocked.
+ *      $sceDelegateProvider.resourceUrlBlacklist([
+ *        'http://myapp.example.com/clickThru**']);
+ *      });
+ * </pre>
+ */
+
+function $SceDelegateProvider() {
+  this.SCE_CONTEXTS = SCE_CONTEXTS;
+
+  // Resource URLs can also be trusted by policy.
+  var resourceUrlWhitelist = ['self'],
+      resourceUrlBlacklist = [];
+
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc function
+   * @name ng.sceDelegateProvider#resourceUrlWhitelist
+   * @methodOf ng.$sceDelegateProvider
+   * @function
+   *
+   * @param {Array=} whitelist When provided, replaces the resourceUrlWhitelist with the value
+   *     provided.  This must be an array or null.  A snapshot of this array is used so further
+   *     changes to the array are ignored.
+   *
+   *     Follow {@link ng.$sce#resourceUrlPatternItem this link} for a description of the items
+   *     allowed in this array.
+   *
+   *     Note: **an empty whitelist array will block all URLs**!
+   *
+   * @return {Array} the currently set whitelist array.
+   *
+   * The **default value** when no whitelist has been explicitly set is `['self']` allowing only
+   * same origin resource requests.
+   *
+   * @description
+   * Sets/Gets the whitelist of trusted resource URLs.
+   */
+  this.resourceUrlWhitelist = function (value) {
+    if (arguments.length) {
+      resourceUrlWhitelist = adjustMatchers(value);
+    }
+    return resourceUrlWhitelist;
+  };
+
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc function
+   * @name ng.sceDelegateProvider#resourceUrlBlacklist
+   * @methodOf ng.$sceDelegateProvider
+   * @function
+   *
+   * @param {Array=} blacklist When provided, replaces the resourceUrlBlacklist with the value
+   *     provided.  This must be an array or null.  A snapshot of this array is used so further
+   *     changes to the array are ignored.
+   *
+   *     Follow {@link ng.$sce#resourceUrlPatternItem this link} for a description of the items
+   *     allowed in this array.
+   *
+   *     The typical usage for the blacklist is to **block
+   *     [open redirects](http://cwe.mitre.org/data/definitions/601.html)** served by your domain as
+   *     these would otherwise be trusted but actually return content from the redirected domain.
+   *
+   *     Finally, **the blacklist overrides the whitelist** and has the final say.
+   *
+   * @return {Array} the currently set blacklist array.
+   *
+   * The **default value** when no whitelist has been explicitly set is the empty array (i.e. there
+   * is no blacklist.)
+   *
+   * @description
+   * Sets/Gets the blacklist of trusted resource URLs.
+   */
+
+  this.resourceUrlBlacklist = function (value) {
+    if (arguments.length) {
+      resourceUrlBlacklist = adjustMatchers(value);
+    }
+    return resourceUrlBlacklist;
+  };
+
+  this.$get = ['$injector', function($injector) {
+
+    var htmlSanitizer = function htmlSanitizer(html) {
+      throw $sceMinErr('unsafe', 'Attempting to use an unsafe value in a safe context.');
+    };
+
+    if ($injector.has('$sanitize')) {
+      htmlSanitizer = $injector.get('$sanitize');
+    }
+
+
+    function matchUrl(matcher, parsedUrl) {
+      if (matcher === 'self') {
+        return urlIsSameOrigin(parsedUrl);
+      } else {
+        // definitely a regex.  See adjustMatchers()
+        return !!matcher.exec(parsedUrl.href);
+      }
+    }
+
+    function isResourceUrlAllowedByPolicy(url) {
+      var parsedUrl = urlResolve(url.toString());
+      var i, n, allowed = false;
+      // Ensure that at least one item from the whitelist allows this url.
+      for (i = 0, n = resourceUrlWhitelist.length; i < n; i++) {
+        if (matchUrl(resourceUrlWhitelist[i], parsedUrl)) {
+          allowed = true;
+          break;
+        }
+      }
+      if (allowed) {
+        // Ensure that no item from the blacklist blocked this url.
+        for (i = 0, n = resourceUrlBlacklist.length; i < n; i++) {
+          if (matchUrl(resourceUrlBlacklist[i], parsedUrl)) {
+            allowed = false;
+            break;
+          }
+        }
+      }
+      return allowed;
+    }
+
+    function generateHolderType(Base) {
+      var holderType = function TrustedValueHolderType(trustedValue) {
+        this.$$unwrapTrustedValue = function() {
+          return trustedValue;
+        };
+      };
+      if (Base) {
+        holderType.prototype = new Base();
+      }
+      holderType.prototype.valueOf = function sceValueOf() {
+        return this.$$unwrapTrustedValue();
+      };
+      holderType.prototype.toString = function sceToString() {
+        return this.$$unwrapTrustedValue().toString();
+      };
+      return holderType;
+    }
+
+    var trustedValueHolderBase = generateHolderType(),
+        byType = {};
+
+    byType[SCE_CONTEXTS.HTML] = generateHolderType(trustedValueHolderBase);
+    byType[SCE_CONTEXTS.CSS] = generateHolderType(trustedValueHolderBase);
+    byType[SCE_CONTEXTS.URL] = generateHolderType(trustedValueHolderBase);
+    byType[SCE_CONTEXTS.JS] = generateHolderType(trustedValueHolderBase);
+    byType[SCE_CONTEXTS.RESOURCE_URL] = generateHolderType(byType[SCE_CONTEXTS.URL]);
+
+    /**
+     * @ngdoc method
+     * @name ng.$sceDelegate#trustAs
+     * @methodOf ng.$sceDelegate
+     *
+     * @description
+     * Returns an object that is trusted by angular for use in specified strict
+     * contextual escaping contexts (such as ng-html-bind-unsafe, ng-include, any src
+     * attribute interpolation, any dom event binding attribute interpolation
+     * such as for onclick,  etc.) that uses the provided value.
+     * See {@link ng.$sce $sce} for enabling strict contextual escaping.
+     *
+     * @param {string} type The kind of context in which this value is safe for use.  e.g. url,
+     *   resourceUrl, html, js and css.
+     * @param {*} value The value that that should be considered trusted/safe.
+     * @returns {*} A value that can be used to stand in for the provided `value` in places
+     * where Angular expects a $sce.trustAs() return value.
+     */
+    function trustAs(type, trustedValue) {
+      var Constructor = (byType.hasOwnProperty(type) ? byType[type] : null);
+      if (!Constructor) {
+        throw $sceMinErr('icontext',
+            'Attempted to trust a value in invalid context. Context: {0}; Value: {1}',
+            type, trustedValue);
+      }
+      if (trustedValue === null || trustedValue === undefined || trustedValue === '') {
+        return trustedValue;
+      }
+      // All the current contexts in SCE_CONTEXTS happen to be strings.  In order to avoid trusting
+      // mutable objects, we ensure here that the value passed in is actually a string.
+      if (typeof trustedValue !== 'string') {
+        throw $sceMinErr('itype',
+            'Attempted to trust a non-string value in a content requiring a string: Context: {0}',
+            type);
+      }
+      return new Constructor(trustedValue);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @ngdoc method
+     * @name ng.$sceDelegate#valueOf
+     * @methodOf ng.$sceDelegate
+     *
+     * @description
+     * If the passed parameter had been returned by a prior call to {@link ng.$sceDelegate#methods_trustAs
+     * `$sceDelegate.trustAs`}, returns the value that had been passed to {@link
+     * ng.$sceDelegate#methods_trustAs `$sceDelegate.trustAs`}.
+     *
+     * If the passed parameter is not a value that had been returned by {@link
+     * ng.$sceDelegate#methods_trustAs `$sceDelegate.trustAs`}, returns it as-is.
+     *
+     * @param {*} value The result of a prior {@link ng.$sceDelegate#methods_trustAs `$sceDelegate.trustAs`}
+     *      call or anything else.
+     * @returns {*} The value the was originally provided to {@link ng.$sceDelegate#methods_trustAs
+     *     `$sceDelegate.trustAs`} if `value` is the result of such a call.  Otherwise, returns
+     *     `value` unchanged.
+     */
+    function valueOf(maybeTrusted) {
+      if (maybeTrusted instanceof trustedValueHolderBase) {
+        return maybeTrusted.$$unwrapTrustedValue();
+      } else {
+        return maybeTrusted;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @ngdoc method
+     * @name ng.$sceDelegate#getTrusted
+     * @methodOf ng.$sceDelegate
+     *
+     * @description
+     * Takes the result of a {@link ng.$sceDelegate#methods_trustAs `$sceDelegate.trustAs`} call and
+     * returns the originally supplied value if the queried context type is a supertype of the
+     * created type.  If this condition isn't satisfied, throws an exception.
+     *
+     * @param {string} type The kind of context in which this value is to be used.
+     * @param {*} maybeTrusted The result of a prior {@link ng.$sceDelegate#methods_trustAs
+     *     `$sceDelegate.trustAs`} call.
+     * @returns {*} The value the was originally provided to {@link ng.$sceDelegate#methods_trustAs
+     *     `$sceDelegate.trustAs`} if valid in this context.  Otherwise, throws an exception.
+     */
+    function getTrusted(type, maybeTrusted) {
+      if (maybeTrusted === null || maybeTrusted === undefined || maybeTrusted === '') {
+        return maybeTrusted;
+      }
+      var constructor = (byType.hasOwnProperty(type) ? byType[type] : null);
+      if (constructor && maybeTrusted instanceof constructor) {
+        return maybeTrusted.$$unwrapTrustedValue();
+      }
+      // If we get here, then we may only take one of two actions.
+      // 1. sanitize the value for the requested type, or
+      // 2. throw an exception.
+      if (type === SCE_CONTEXTS.RESOURCE_URL) {
+        if (isResourceUrlAllowedByPolicy(maybeTrusted)) {
+          return maybeTrusted;
+        } else {
+          throw $sceMinErr('insecurl',
+              'Blocked loading resource from url not allowed by $sceDelegate policy.  URL: {0}',
+              maybeTrusted.toString());
+        }
+      } else if (type === SCE_CONTEXTS.HTML) {
+        return htmlSanitizer(maybeTrusted);
+      }
+      throw $sceMinErr('unsafe', 'Attempting to use an unsafe value in a safe context.');
+    }
+
+    return { trustAs: trustAs,
+             getTrusted: getTrusted,
+             valueOf: valueOf };
+  }];
+}
+
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc object
+ * @name ng.$sceProvider
+ * @description
+ *
+ * The $sceProvider provider allows developers to configure the {@link ng.$sce $sce} service.
+ * -   enable/disable Strict Contextual Escaping (SCE) in a module
+ * -   override the default implementation with a custom delegate
+ *
+ * Read more about {@link ng.$sce Strict Contextual Escaping (SCE)}.
+ */
+
+/* jshint maxlen: false*/
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc service
+ * @name ng.$sce
+ * @function
+ *
+ * @description
+ *
+ * `$sce` is a service that provides Strict Contextual Escaping services to AngularJS.
+ *
+ * # Strict Contextual Escaping
+ *
+ * Strict Contextual Escaping (SCE) is a mode in which AngularJS requires bindings in certain
+ * contexts to result in a value that is marked as safe to use for that context.  One example of
+ * such a context is binding arbitrary html controlled by the user via `ng-bind-html`.  We refer
+ * to these contexts as privileged or SCE contexts.
+ *
+ * As of version 1.2, Angular ships with SCE enabled by default.
+ *
+ * Note:  When enabled (the default), IE8 in quirks mode is not supported.  In this mode, IE8 allows
+ * one to execute arbitrary javascript by the use of the expression() syntax.  Refer
+ * <http://blogs.msdn.com/b/ie/archive/2008/10/16/ending-expressions.aspx> to learn more about them.
+ * You can ensure your document is in standards mode and not quirks mode by adding `<!doctype html>`
+ * to the top of your HTML document.
+ *
+ * SCE assists in writing code in way that (a) is secure by default and (b) makes auditing for
+ * security vulnerabilities such as XSS, clickjacking, etc. a lot easier.
+ *
+ * Here's an example of a binding in a privileged context:
+ *
+ * <pre class="prettyprint">
+ *     <input ng-model="userHtml">
+ *     <div ng-bind-html="userHtml">
+ * </pre>
+ *
+ * Notice that `ng-bind-html` is bound to `userHtml` controlled by the user.  With SCE
+ * disabled, this application allows the user to render arbitrary HTML into the DIV.
+ * In a more realistic example, one may be rendering user comments, blog articles, etc. via
+ * bindings.  (HTML is just one example of a context where rendering user controlled input creates
+ * security vulnerabilities.)
+ *
+ * For the case of HTML, you might use a library, either on the client side, or on the server side,
+ * to sanitize unsafe HTML before binding to the value and rendering it in the document.
+ *
+ * How would you ensure that every place that used these types of bindings was bound to a value that
+ * was sanitized by your library (or returned as safe for rendering by your server?)  How can you
+ * ensure that you didn't accidentally delete the line that sanitized the value, or renamed some
+ * properties/fields and forgot to update the binding to the sanitized value?
+ *
+ * To be secure by default, you want to ensure that any such bindings are disallowed unless you can
+ * determine that something explicitly says it's safe to use a value for binding in that
+ * context.  You can then audit your code (a simple grep would do) to ensure that this is only done
+ * for those values that you can easily tell are safe - because they were received from your server,
+ * sanitized by your library, etc.  You can organize your codebase to help with this - perhaps
+ * allowing only the files in a specific directory to do this.  Ensuring that the internal API
+ * exposed by that code doesn't markup arbitrary values as safe then becomes a more manageable task.
+ *
+ * In the case of AngularJS' SCE service, one uses {@link ng.$sce#methods_trustAs $sce.trustAs} 
+ * (and shorthand methods such as {@link ng.$sce#methods_trustAsHtml $sce.trustAsHtml}, etc.) to
+ * obtain values that will be accepted by SCE / privileged contexts.
+ *
+ *
+ * ## How does it work?
+ *
+ * In privileged contexts, directives and code will bind to the result of {@link ng.$sce#methods_getTrusted
+ * $sce.getTrusted(context, value)} rather than to the value directly.  Directives use {@link
+ * ng.$sce#methods_parse $sce.parseAs} rather than `$parse` to watch attribute bindings, which performs the
+ * {@link ng.$sce#methods_getTrusted $sce.getTrusted} behind the scenes on non-constant literals.
+ *
+ * As an example, {@link ng.directive:ngBindHtml ngBindHtml} uses {@link
+ * ng.$sce#methods_parseAsHtml $sce.parseAsHtml(binding expression)}.  Here's the actual code (slightly
+ * simplified):
+ *
+ * <pre class="prettyprint">
+ *   var ngBindHtmlDirective = ['$sce', function($sce) {
+ *     return function(scope, element, attr) {
+ *       scope.$watch($sce.parseAsHtml(attr.ngBindHtml), function(value) {
+ *         element.html(value || '');
+ *       });
+ *     };
+ *   }];
+ * </pre>
+ *
+ * ## Impact on loading templates
+ *
+ * This applies both to the {@link ng.directive:ngInclude `ng-include`} directive as well as
+ * `templateUrl`'s specified by {@link guide/directive directives}.
+ *
+ * By default, Angular only loads templates from the same domain and protocol as the application
+ * document.  This is done by calling {@link ng.$sce#methods_getTrustedResourceUrl
+ * $sce.getTrustedResourceUrl} on the template URL.  To load templates from other domains and/or
+ * protocols, you may either either {@link ng.$sceDelegateProvider#methods_resourceUrlWhitelist whitelist
+ * them} or {@link ng.$sce#methods_trustAsResourceUrl wrap it} into a trusted value.
+ *
+ * *Please note*:
+ * The browser's
+ * {@link https://code.google.com/p/browsersec/wiki/Part2#Same-origin_policy_for_XMLHttpRequest
+ * Same Origin Policy} and {@link http://www.w3.org/TR/cors/ Cross-Origin Resource Sharing (CORS)}
+ * policy apply in addition to this and may further restrict whether the template is successfully
+ * loaded.  This means that without the right CORS policy, loading templates from a different domain
+ * won't work on all browsers.  Also, loading templates from `file://` URL does not work on some
+ * browsers.
+ *
+ * ## This feels like too much overhead for the developer?
+ *
+ * It's important to remember that SCE only applies to interpolation expressions.
+ *
+ * If your expressions are constant literals, they're automatically trusted and you don't need to
+ * call `$sce.trustAs` on them.  (e.g.
+ * `<div ng-html-bind-unsafe="'<b>implicitly trusted</b>'"></div>`) just works.
+ *
+ * Additionally, `a[href]` and `img[src]` automatically sanitize their URLs and do not pass them
+ * through {@link ng.$sce#methods_getTrusted $sce.getTrusted}.  SCE doesn't play a role here.
+ *
+ * The included {@link ng.$sceDelegate $sceDelegate} comes with sane defaults to allow you to load
+ * templates in `ng-include` from your application's domain without having to even know about SCE.
+ * It blocks loading templates from other domains or loading templates over http from an https
+ * served document.  You can change these by setting your own custom {@link
+ * ng.$sceDelegateProvider#methods_resourceUrlWhitelist whitelists} and {@link
+ * ng.$sceDelegateProvider#methods_resourceUrlBlacklist blacklists} for matching such URLs.
+ *
+ * This significantly reduces the overhead.  It is far easier to pay the small overhead and have an
+ * application that's secure and can be audited to verify that with much more ease than bolting
+ * security onto an application later.
+ *
+ * <a name="contexts"></a>
+ * ## What trusted context types are supported?
+ *
+ * | Context             | Notes          |
+ * |---------------------|----------------|
+ * | `$sce.HTML`         | For HTML that's safe to source into the application.  The {@link ng.directive:ngBindHtml ngBindHtml} directive uses this context for bindings. |
+ * | `$sce.CSS`          | For CSS that's safe to source into the application.  Currently unused.  Feel free to use it in your own directives. |
+ * | `$sce.URL`          | For URLs that are safe to follow as links.  Currently unused (`<a href=` and `<img src=` sanitize their urls and don't consititute an SCE context. |
+ * | `$sce.RESOURCE_URL` | For URLs that are not only safe to follow as links, but whose contens are also safe to include in your application.  Examples include `ng-include`, `src` / `ngSrc` bindings for tags other than `IMG` (e.g. `IFRAME`, `OBJECT`, etc.)  <br><br>Note that `$sce.RESOURCE_URL` makes a stronger statement about the URL than `$sce.URL` does and therefore contexts requiring values trusted for `$sce.RESOURCE_URL` can be used anywhere that values trusted for `$sce.URL` are required. |
+ * | `$sce.JS`           | For JavaScript that is safe to execute in your application's context.  Currently unused.  Feel free to use it in your own directives. |
+ *
+ * ## Format of items in {@link ng.$sceDelegateProvider#methods_resourceUrlWhitelist resourceUrlWhitelist}/{@link ng.$sceDelegateProvider#methods_resourceUrlBlacklist Blacklist} <a name="resourceUrlPatternItem"></a>
+ *
+ *  Each element in these arrays must be one of the following:
+ *
+ *  - **'self'**
+ *    - The special **string**, `'self'`, can be used to match against all URLs of the **same
+ *      domain** as the application document using the **same protocol**.
+ *  - **String** (except the special value `'self'`)
+ *    - The string is matched against the full *normalized / absolute URL* of the resource
+ *      being tested (substring matches are not good enough.)
+ *    - There are exactly **two wildcard sequences** - `*` and `**`.  All other characters
+ *      match themselves.
+ *    - `*`: matches zero or more occurances of any character other than one of the following 6
+ *      characters: '`:`', '`/`', '`.`', '`?`', '`&`' and ';'.  It's a useful wildcard for use
+ *      in a whitelist.
+ *    - `**`: matches zero or more occurances of *any* character.  As such, it's not
+ *      not appropriate to use in for a scheme, domain, etc. as it would match too much.  (e.g.
+ *      http://**.example.com/ would match http://evil.com/?ignore=.example.com/ and that might
+ *      not have been the intention.)  It's usage at the very end of the path is ok.  (e.g.
+ *      http://foo.example.com/templates/**).
+ *  - **RegExp** (*see caveat below*)
+ *    - *Caveat*:  While regular expressions are powerful and offer great flexibility,  their syntax
+ *      (and all the inevitable escaping) makes them *harder to maintain*.  It's easy to
+ *      accidentally introduce a bug when one updates a complex expression (imho, all regexes should
+ *      have good test coverage.).  For instance, the use of `.` in the regex is correct only in a
+ *      small number of cases.  A `.` character in the regex used when matching the scheme or a
+ *      subdomain could be matched against a `:` or literal `.` that was likely not intended.   It
+ *      is highly recommended to use the string patterns and only fall back to regular expressions
+ *      if they as a last resort.
+ *    - The regular expression must be an instance of RegExp (i.e. not a string.)  It is
+ *      matched against the **entire** *normalized / absolute URL* of the resource being tested
+ *      (even when the RegExp did not have the `^` and `$` codes.)  In addition, any flags
+ *      present on the RegExp (such as multiline, global, ignoreCase) are ignored.
+ *    - If you are generating your Javascript from some other templating engine (not
+ *      recommended, e.g. in issue [#4006](https://github.com/angular/angular.js/issues/4006)),
+ *      remember to escape your regular expression (and be aware that you might need more than
+ *      one level of escaping depending on your templating engine and the way you interpolated
+ *      the value.)  Do make use of your platform's escaping mechanism as it might be good
+ *      enough before coding your own.  e.g. Ruby has
+ *      [Regexp.escape(str)](http://www.ruby-doc.org/core-2.0.0/Regexp.html#method-c-escape)
+ *      and Python has [re.escape](http://docs.python.org/library/re.html#re.escape).
+ *      Javascript lacks a similar built in function for escaping.  Take a look at Google
+ *      Closure library's [goog.string.regExpEscape(s)](
+ *      http://docs.closure-library.googlecode.com/git/closure_goog_string_string.js.source.html#line962).
+ *
+ * Refer {@link ng.$sceDelegateProvider $sceDelegateProvider} for an example.
+ *
+ * ## Show me an example using SCE.
+ *
+ * @example
+<example module="mySceApp">
+<file name="index.html">
+  <div ng-controller="myAppController as myCtrl">
+    <i ng-bind-html="myCtrl.explicitlyTrustedHtml" id="explicitlyTrustedHtml"></i><br><br>
+    <b>User comments</b><br>
+    By default, HTML that isn't explicitly trusted (e.g. Alice's comment) is sanitized when
+    $sanitize is available.  If $sanitize isn't available, this results in an error instead of an
+    exploit.
+    <div class="well">
+      <div ng-repeat="userComment in myCtrl.userComments">
+        <b>{{userComment.name}}</b>:
+        <span ng-bind-html="userComment.htmlComment" class="htmlComment"></span>
+        <br>
+      </div>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+</file>
+
+<file name="script.js">
+  var mySceApp = angular.module('mySceApp', ['ngSanitize']);
+
+  mySceApp.controller("myAppController", function myAppController($http, $templateCache, $sce) {
+    var self = this;
+    $http.get("test_data.json", {cache: $templateCache}).success(function(userComments) {
+      self.userComments = userComments;
+    });
+    self.explicitlyTrustedHtml = $sce.trustAsHtml(
+        '<span onmouseover="this.textContent=&quot;Explicitly trusted HTML bypasses ' +
+        'sanitization.&quot;">Hover over this text.</span>');
+  });
+</file>
+
+<file name="test_data.json">
+[
+  { "name": "Alice",
+    "htmlComment":
+        "<span onmouseover='this.textContent=\"PWN3D!\"'>Is <i>anyone</i> reading this?</span>"
+  },
+  { "name": "Bob",
+    "htmlComment": "<i>Yes!</i>  Am I the only other one?"
+  }
+]
+</file>
+
+<file name="scenario.js">
+  describe('SCE doc demo', function() {
+    it('should sanitize untrusted values', function() {
+      expect(element('.htmlComment').html()).toBe('<span>Is <i>anyone</i> reading this?</span>');
+    });
+    it('should NOT sanitize explicitly trusted values', function() {
+      expect(element('#explicitlyTrustedHtml').html()).toBe(
+          '<span onmouseover="this.textContent=&quot;Explicitly trusted HTML bypasses ' +
+          'sanitization.&quot;">Hover over this text.</span>');
+    });
+  });
+</file>
+</example>
+ *
+ *
+ *
+ * ## Can I disable SCE completely?
+ *
+ * Yes, you can.  However, this is strongly discouraged.  SCE gives you a lot of security benefits
+ * for little coding overhead.  It will be much harder to take an SCE disabled application and
+ * either secure it on your own or enable SCE at a later stage.  It might make sense to disable SCE
+ * for cases where you have a lot of existing code that was written before SCE was introduced and
+ * you're migrating them a module at a time.
+ *
+ * That said, here's how you can completely disable SCE:
+ *
+ * <pre class="prettyprint">
+ *   angular.module('myAppWithSceDisabledmyApp', []).config(function($sceProvider) {
+ *     // Completely disable SCE.  For demonstration purposes only!
+ *     // Do not use in new projects.
+ *     $sceProvider.enabled(false);
+ *   });
+ * </pre>
+ *
+ */
+/* jshint maxlen: 100 */
+
+function $SceProvider() {
+  var enabled = true;
+
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc function
+   * @name ng.sceProvider#enabled
+   * @methodOf ng.$sceProvider
+   * @function
+   *
+   * @param {boolean=} value If provided, then enables/disables SCE.
+   * @return {boolean} true if SCE is enabled, false otherwise.
+   *
+   * @description
+   * Enables/disables SCE and returns the current value.
+   */
+  this.enabled = function (value) {
+    if (arguments.length) {
+      enabled = !!value;
+    }
+    return enabled;
+  };
+
+
+  /* Design notes on the default implementation for SCE.
+   *
+   * The API contract for the SCE delegate
+   * -------------------------------------
+   * The SCE delegate object must provide the following 3 methods:
+   *
+   * - trustAs(contextEnum, value)
+   *     This method is used to tell the SCE service that the provided value is OK to use in the
+   *     contexts specified by contextEnum.  It must return an object that will be accepted by
+   *     getTrusted() for a compatible contextEnum and return this value.
+   *
+   * - valueOf(value)
+   *     For values that were not produced by trustAs(), return them as is.  For values that were
+   *     produced by trustAs(), return the corresponding input value to trustAs.  Basically, if
+   *     trustAs is wrapping the given values into some type, this operation unwraps it when given
+   *     such a value.
+   *
+   * - getTrusted(contextEnum, value)
+   *     This function should return the a value that is safe to use in the context specified by
+   *     contextEnum or throw and exception otherwise.
+   *
+   * NOTE: This contract deliberately does NOT state that values returned by trustAs() must be
+   * opaque or wrapped in some holder object.  That happens to be an implementation detail.  For
+   * instance, an implementation could maintain a registry of all trusted objects by context.  In
+   * such a case, trustAs() would return the same object that was passed in.  getTrusted() would
+   * return the same object passed in if it was found in the registry under a compatible context or
+   * throw an exception otherwise.  An implementation might only wrap values some of the time based
+   * on some criteria.  getTrusted() might return a value and not throw an exception for special
+   * constants or objects even if not wrapped.  All such implementations fulfill this contract.
+   *
+   *
+   * A note on the inheritance model for SCE contexts
+   * ------------------------------------------------
+   * I've used inheritance and made RESOURCE_URL wrapped types a subtype of URL wrapped types.  This
+   * is purely an implementation details.
+   *
+   * The contract is simply this:
+   *
+   *     getTrusted($sce.RESOURCE_URL, value) succeeding implies that getTrusted($sce.URL, value)
+   *     will also succeed.
+   *
+   * Inheritance happens to capture this in a natural way.  In some future, we
+   * may not use inheritance anymore.  That is OK because no code outside of
+   * sce.js and sceSpecs.js would need to be aware of this detail.
+   */
+
+  this.$get = ['$parse', '$sniffer', '$sceDelegate', function(
+                $parse,   $sniffer,   $sceDelegate) {
+    // Prereq: Ensure that we're not running in IE8 quirks mode.  In that mode, IE allows
+    // the "expression(javascript expression)" syntax which is insecure.
+    if (enabled && $sniffer.msie && $sniffer.msieDocumentMode < 8) {
+      throw $sceMinErr('iequirks',
+        'Strict Contextual Escaping does not support Internet Explorer version < 9 in quirks ' +
+        'mode.  You can fix this by adding the text <!doctype html> to the top of your HTML ' +
+        'document.  See http://docs.angularjs.org/api/ng.$sce for more information.');
+    }
+
+    var sce = copy(SCE_CONTEXTS);
+
+    /**
+     * @ngdoc function
+     * @name ng.sce#isEnabled
+     * @methodOf ng.$sce
+     * @function
+     *
+     * @return {Boolean} true if SCE is enabled, false otherwise.  If you want to set the value, you
+     * have to do it at module config time on {@link ng.$sceProvider $sceProvider}.
+     *
+     * @description
+     * Returns a boolean indicating if SCE is enabled.
+     */
+    sce.isEnabled = function () {
+      return enabled;
+    };
+    sce.trustAs = $sceDelegate.trustAs;
+    sce.getTrusted = $sceDelegate.getTrusted;
+    sce.valueOf = $sceDelegate.valueOf;
+
+    if (!enabled) {
+      sce.trustAs = sce.getTrusted = function(type, value) { return value; };
+      sce.valueOf = identity;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @ngdoc method
+     * @name ng.$sce#parse
+     * @methodOf ng.$sce
+     *
+     * @description
+     * Converts Angular {@link guide/expression expression} into a function.  This is like {@link
+     * ng.$parse $parse} and is identical when the expression is a literal constant.  Otherwise, it
+     * wraps the expression in a call to {@link ng.$sce#methods_getTrusted $sce.getTrusted(*type*,
+     * *result*)}
+     *
+     * @param {string} type The kind of SCE context in which this result will be used.
+     * @param {string} expression String expression to compile.
+     * @returns {function(context, locals)} a function which represents the compiled expression:
+     *
+     *    * `context` – `{object}` – an object against which any expressions embedded in the strings
+     *      are evaluated against (typically a scope object).
+     *    * `locals` – `{object=}` – local variables context object, useful for overriding values in
+     *      `context`.
+     */
+    sce.parseAs = function sceParseAs(type, expr) {
+      var parsed = $parse(expr);
+      if (parsed.literal && parsed.constant) {
+        return parsed;
+      } else {
+        return function sceParseAsTrusted(self, locals) {
+          return sce.getTrusted(type, parsed(self, locals));
+        };
+      }
+    };
+
+    /**
+     * @ngdoc method
+     * @name ng.$sce#trustAs
+     * @methodOf ng.$sce
+     *
+     * @description
+     * Delegates to {@link ng.$sceDelegate#methods_trustAs `$sceDelegate.trustAs`}.  As such,
+     * returns an objectthat is trusted by angular for use in specified strict contextual
+     * escaping contexts (such as ng-html-bind-unsafe, ng-include, any src attribute
+     * interpolation, any dom event binding attribute interpolation such as for onclick,  etc.)
+     * that uses the provided value.  See * {@link ng.$sce $sce} for enabling strict contextual
+     * escaping.
+     *
+     * @param {string} type The kind of context in which this value is safe for use.  e.g. url,
+     *   resource_url, html, js and css.
+     * @param {*} value The value that that should be considered trusted/safe.
+     * @returns {*} A value that can be used to stand in for the provided `value` in places
+     * where Angular expects a $sce.trustAs() return value.
+     */
+
+    /**
+     * @ngdoc method
+     * @name ng.$sce#trustAsHtml
+     * @methodOf ng.$sce
+     *
+     * @description
+     * Shorthand method.  `$sce.trustAsHtml(value)` →
+     *     {@link ng.$sceDelegate#methods_trustAs `$sceDelegate.trustAs($sce.HTML, value)`}
+     *
+     * @param {*} value The value to trustAs.
+     * @returns {*} An object that can be passed to {@link ng.$sce#methods_getTrustedHtml
+     *     $sce.getTrustedHtml(value)} to obtain the original value.  (privileged directives
+     *     only accept expressions that are either literal constants or are the
+     *     return value of {@link ng.$sce#methods_trustAs $sce.trustAs}.)
+     */
+
+    /**
+     * @ngdoc method
+     * @name ng.$sce#trustAsUrl
+     * @methodOf ng.$sce
+     *
+     * @description
+     * Shorthand method.  `$sce.trustAsUrl(value)` →
+     *     {@link ng.$sceDelegate#methods_trustAs `$sceDelegate.trustAs($sce.URL, value)`}
+     *
+     * @param {*} value The value to trustAs.
+     * @returns {*} An object that can be passed to {@link ng.$sce#methods_getTrustedUrl
+     *     $sce.getTrustedUrl(value)} to obtain the original value.  (privileged directives
+     *     only accept expressions that are either literal constants or are the
+     *     return value of {@link ng.$sce#methods_trustAs $sce.trustAs}.)
+     */
+
+    /**
+     * @ngdoc method
+     * @name ng.$sce#trustAsResourceUrl
+     * @methodOf ng.$sce
+     *
+     * @description
+     * Shorthand method.  `$sce.trustAsResourceUrl(value)` →
+     *     {@link ng.$sceDelegate#methods_trustAs `$sceDelegate.trustAs($sce.RESOURCE_URL, value)`}
+     *
+     * @param {*} value The value to trustAs.
+     * @returns {*} An object that can be passed to {@link ng.$sce#methods_getTrustedResourceUrl
+     *     $sce.getTrustedResourceUrl(value)} to obtain the original value.  (privileged directives
+     *     only accept expressions that are either literal constants or are the return
+     *     value of {@link ng.$sce#methods_trustAs $sce.trustAs}.)
+     */
+
+    /**
+     * @ngdoc method
+     * @name ng.$sce#trustAsJs
+     * @methodOf ng.$sce
+     *
+     * @description
+     * Shorthand method.  `$sce.trustAsJs(value)` →
+     *     {@link ng.$sceDelegate#methods_trustAs `$sceDelegate.trustAs($sce.JS, value)`}
+     *
+     * @param {*} value The value to trustAs.
+     * @returns {*} An object that can be passed to {@link ng.$sce#methods_getTrustedJs
+     *     $sce.getTrustedJs(value)} to obtain the original value.  (privileged directives
+     *     only accept expressions that are either literal constants or are the
+     *     return value of {@link ng.$sce#methods_trustAs $sce.trustAs}.)
+     */
+
+    /**
+     * @ngdoc method
+     * @name ng.$sce#getTrusted
+     * @methodOf ng.$sce
+     *
+     * @description
+     * Delegates to {@link ng.$sceDelegate#methods_getTrusted `$sceDelegate.getTrusted`}.  As such,
+     * takes the result of a {@link ng.$sce#methods_trustAs `$sce.trustAs`}() call and returns the
+     * originally supplied value if the queried context type is a supertype of the created type.
+     * If this condition isn't satisfied, throws an exception.
+     *
+     * @param {string} type The kind of context in which this value is to be used.
+     * @param {*} maybeTrusted The result of a prior {@link ng.$sce#methods_trustAs `$sce.trustAs`}
+     *                         call.
+     * @returns {*} The value the was originally provided to
+     *              {@link ng.$sce#methods_trustAs `$sce.trustAs`} if valid in this context.
+     *              Otherwise, throws an exception.
+     */
+
+    /**
+     * @ngdoc method
+     * @name ng.$sce#getTrustedHtml
+     * @methodOf ng.$sce
+     *
+     * @description
+     * Shorthand method.  `$sce.getTrustedHtml(value)` →
+     *     {@link ng.$sceDelegate#methods_getTrusted `$sceDelegate.getTrusted($sce.HTML, value)`}
+     *
+     * @param {*} value The value to pass to `$sce.getTrusted`.
+     * @returns {*} The return value of `$sce.getTrusted($sce.HTML, value)`
+     */
+
+    /**
+     * @ngdoc method
+     * @name ng.$sce#getTrustedCss
+     * @methodOf ng.$sce
+     *
+     * @description
+     * Shorthand method.  `$sce.getTrustedCss(value)` →
+     *     {@link ng.$sceDelegate#methods_getTrusted `$sceDelegate.getTrusted($sce.CSS, value)`}
+     *
+     * @param {*} value The value to pass to `$sce.getTrusted`.
+     * @returns {*} The return value of `$sce.getTrusted($sce.CSS, value)`
+     */
+
+    /**
+     * @ngdoc method
+     * @name ng.$sce#getTrustedUrl
+     * @methodOf ng.$sce
+     *
+     * @description
+     * Shorthand method.  `$sce.getTrustedUrl(value)` →
+     *     {@link ng.$sceDelegate#methods_getTrusted `$sceDelegate.getTrusted($sce.URL, value)`}
+     *
+     * @param {*} value The value to pass to `$sce.getTrusted`.
+     * @returns {*} The return value of `$sce.getTrusted($sce.URL, value)`
+     */
+
+    /**
+     * @ngdoc method
+     * @name ng.$sce#getTrustedResourceUrl
+     * @methodOf ng.$sce
+     *
+     * @description
+     * Shorthand method.  `$sce.getTrustedResourceUrl(value)` →
+     *     {@link ng.$sceDelegate#methods_getTrusted `$sceDelegate.getTrusted($sce.RESOURCE_URL, value)`}
+     *
+     * @param {*} value The value to pass to `$sceDelegate.getTrusted`.
+     * @returns {*} The return value of `$sce.getTrusted($sce.RESOURCE_URL, value)`
+     */
+
+    /**
+     * @ngdoc method
+     * @name ng.$sce#getTrustedJs
+     * @methodOf ng.$sce
+     *
+     * @description
+     * Shorthand method.  `$sce.getTrustedJs(value)` →
+     *     {@link ng.$sceDelegate#methods_getTrusted `$sceDelegate.getTrusted($sce.JS, value)`}
+     *
+     * @param {*} value The value to pass to `$sce.getTrusted`.
+     * @returns {*} The return value of `$sce.getTrusted($sce.JS, value)`
+     */
+
+    /**
+     * @ngdoc method
+     * @name ng.$sce#parseAsHtml
+     * @methodOf ng.$sce
+     *
+     * @description
+     * Shorthand method.  `$sce.parseAsHtml(expression string)` →
+     *     {@link ng.$sce#methods_parse `$sce.parseAs($sce.HTML, value)`}
+     *
+     * @param {string} expression String expression to compile.
+     * @returns {function(context, locals)} a function which represents the compiled expression:
+     *
+     *    * `context` – `{object}` – an object against which any expressions embedded in the strings
+     *      are evaluated against (typically a scope object).
+     *    * `locals` – `{object=}` – local variables context object, useful for overriding values in
+     *      `context`.
+     */
+
+    /**
+     * @ngdoc method
+     * @name ng.$sce#parseAsCss
+     * @methodOf ng.$sce
+     *
+     * @description
+     * Shorthand method.  `$sce.parseAsCss(value)` →
+     *     {@link ng.$sce#methods_parse `$sce.parseAs($sce.CSS, value)`}
+     *
+     * @param {string} expression String expression to compile.
+     * @returns {function(context, locals)} a function which represents the compiled expression:
+     *
+     *    * `context` – `{object}` – an object against which any expressions embedded in the strings
+     *      are evaluated against (typically a scope object).
+     *    * `locals` – `{object=}` – local variables context object, useful for overriding values in
+     *      `context`.
+     */
+
+    /**
+     * @ngdoc method
+     * @name ng.$sce#parseAsUrl
+     * @methodOf ng.$sce
+     *
+     * @description
+     * Shorthand method.  `$sce.parseAsUrl(value)` →
+     *     {@link ng.$sce#methods_parse `$sce.parseAs($sce.URL, value)`}
+     *
+     * @param {string} expression String expression to compile.
+     * @returns {function(context, locals)} a function which represents the compiled expression:
+     *
+     *    * `context` – `{object}` – an object against which any expressions embedded in the strings
+     *      are evaluated against (typically a scope object).
+     *    * `locals` – `{object=}` – local variables context object, useful for overriding values in
+     *      `context`.
+     */
+
+    /**
+     * @ngdoc method
+     * @name ng.$sce#parseAsResourceUrl
+     * @methodOf ng.$sce
+     *
+     * @description
+     * Shorthand method.  `$sce.parseAsResourceUrl(value)` →
+     *     {@link ng.$sce#methods_parse `$sce.parseAs($sce.RESOURCE_URL, value)`}
+     *
+     * @param {string} expression String expression to compile.
+     * @returns {function(context, locals)} a function which represents the compiled expression:
+     *
+     *    * `context` – `{object}` – an object against which any expressions embedded in the strings
+     *      are evaluated against (typically a scope object).
+     *    * `locals` – `{object=}` – local variables context object, useful for overriding values in
+     *      `context`.
+     */
+
+    /**
+     * @ngdoc method
+     * @name ng.$sce#parseAsJs
+     * @methodOf ng.$sce
+     *
+     * @description
+     * Shorthand method.  `$sce.parseAsJs(value)` →
+     *     {@link ng.$sce#methods_parse `$sce.parseAs($sce.JS, value)`}
+     *
+     * @param {string} expression String expression to compile.
+     * @returns {function(context, locals)} a function which represents the compiled expression:
+     *
+     *    * `context` – `{object}` – an object against which any expressions embedded in the strings
+     *      are evaluated against (typically a scope object).
+     *    * `locals` – `{object=}` – local variables context object, useful for overriding values in
+     *      `context`.
+     */
+
+    // Shorthand delegations.
+    var parse = sce.parseAs,
+        getTrusted = sce.getTrusted,
+        trustAs = sce.trustAs;
+
+    forEach(SCE_CONTEXTS, function (enumValue, name) {
+      var lName = lowercase(name);
+      sce[camelCase("parse_as_" + lName)] = function (expr) {
+        return parse(enumValue, expr);
+      };
+      sce[camelCase("get_trusted_" + lName)] = function (value) {
+        return getTrusted(enumValue, value);
+      };
+      sce[camelCase("trust_as_" + lName)] = function (value) {
+        return trustAs(enumValue, value);
+      };
+    });
+
+    return sce;
+  }];
+}
+
+/**
+ * !!! This is an undocumented "private" service !!!
+ *
+ * @name ng.$sniffer
+ * @requires $window
+ * @requires $document
+ *
+ * @property {boolean} history Does the browser support html5 history api ?
+ * @property {boolean} hashchange Does the browser support hashchange event ?
+ * @property {boolean} transitions Does the browser support CSS transition events ?
+ * @property {boolean} animations Does the browser support CSS animation events ?
+ *
+ * @description
+ * This is very simple implementation of testing browser's features.
+ */
+function $SnifferProvider() {
+  this.$get = ['$window', '$document', function($window, $document) {
+    var eventSupport = {},
+        android =
+          int((/android (\d+)/.exec(lowercase(($window.navigator || {}).userAgent)) || [])[1]),
+        boxee = /Boxee/i.test(($window.navigator || {}).userAgent),
+        document = $document[0] || {},
+        documentMode = document.documentMode,
+        vendorPrefix,
+        vendorRegex = /^(Moz|webkit|O|ms)(?=[A-Z])/,
+        bodyStyle = document.body && document.body.style,
+        transitions = false,
+        animations = false,
+        match;
+
+    if (bodyStyle) {
+      for(var prop in bodyStyle) {
+        if(match = vendorRegex.exec(prop)) {
+          vendorPrefix = match[0];
+          vendorPrefix = vendorPrefix.substr(0, 1).toUpperCase() + vendorPrefix.substr(1);
+          break;
+        }
+      }
+
+      if(!vendorPrefix) {
+        vendorPrefix = ('WebkitOpacity' in bodyStyle) && 'webkit';
+      }
+
+      transitions = !!(('transition' in bodyStyle) || (vendorPrefix + 'Transition' in bodyStyle));
+      animations  = !!(('animation' in bodyStyle) || (vendorPrefix + 'Animation' in bodyStyle));
+
+      if (android && (!transitions||!animations)) {
+        transitions = isString(document.body.style.webkitTransition);
+        animations = isString(document.body.style.webkitAnimation);
+      }
+    }
+
+
+    return {
+      // Android has history.pushState, but it does not update location correctly
+      // so let's not use the history API at all.
+      // http://code.google.com/p/android/issues/detail?id=17471
+      // https://github.com/angular/angular.js/issues/904
+
+      // older webit browser (533.9) on Boxee box has exactly the same problem as Android has
+      // so let's not use the history API also
+      // We are purposefully using `!(android < 4)` to cover the case when `android` is undefined
+      // jshint -W018
+      history: !!($window.history && $window.history.pushState && !(android < 4) && !boxee),
+      // jshint +W018
+      hashchange: 'onhashchange' in $window &&
+                  // IE8 compatible mode lies
+                  (!documentMode || documentMode > 7),
+      hasEvent: function(event) {
+        // IE9 implements 'input' event it's so fubared that we rather pretend that it doesn't have
+        // it. In particular the event is not fired when backspace or delete key are pressed or
+        // when cut operation is performed.
+        if (event == 'input' && msie == 9) return false;
+
+        if (isUndefined(eventSupport[event])) {
+          var divElm = document.createElement('div');
+          eventSupport[event] = 'on' + event in divElm;
+        }
+
+        return eventSupport[event];
+      },
+      csp: csp(),
+      vendorPrefix: vendorPrefix,
+      transitions : transitions,
+      animations : animations,
+      msie : msie,
+      msieDocumentMode: documentMode
+    };
+  }];
+}
+
+function $TimeoutProvider() {
+  this.$get = ['$rootScope', '$browser', '$q', '$exceptionHandler',
+       function($rootScope,   $browser,   $q,   $exceptionHandler) {
+    var deferreds = {};
+
+
+     /**
+      * @ngdoc function
+      * @name ng.$timeout
+      * @requires $browser
+      *
+      * @description
+      * Angular's wrapper for `window.setTimeout`. The `fn` function is wrapped into a try/catch
+      * block and delegates any exceptions to
+      * {@link ng.$exceptionHandler $exceptionHandler} service.
+      *
+      * The return value of registering a timeout function is a promise, which will be resolved when
+      * the timeout is reached and the timeout function is executed.
+      *
+      * To cancel a timeout request, call `$timeout.cancel(promise)`.
+      *
+      * In tests you can use {@link ngMock.$timeout `$timeout.flush()`} to
+      * synchronously flush the queue of deferred functions.
+      *
+      * @param {function()} fn A function, whose execution should be delayed.
+      * @param {number=} [delay=0] Delay in milliseconds.
+      * @param {boolean=} [invokeApply=true] If set to `false` skips model dirty checking, otherwise
+      *   will invoke `fn` within the {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#methods_$apply $apply} block.
+      * @returns {Promise} Promise that will be resolved when the timeout is reached. The value this
+      *   promise will be resolved with is the return value of the `fn` function.
+      * 
+      * @example
+      <doc:example module="time">
+        <doc:source>
+          <script>
+            function Ctrl2($scope,$timeout) {
+              $scope.format = 'M/d/yy h:mm:ss a';
+              $scope.blood_1 = 100;
+              $scope.blood_2 = 120;
+
+              var stop;
+              $scope.fight = function() {
+                stop = $timeout(function() {
+                  if ($scope.blood_1 > 0 && $scope.blood_2 > 0) {
+                      $scope.blood_1 = $scope.blood_1 - 3;
+                      $scope.blood_2 = $scope.blood_2 - 4;
+                      $scope.fight();
+                  } else {
+                      $timeout.cancel(stop);
+                  }
+                }, 100);
+              };
+
+              $scope.stopFight = function() {
+                $timeout.cancel(stop);
+              };
+
+              $scope.resetFight = function() {
+                $scope.blood_1 = 100;
+                $scope.blood_2 = 120;
+              }
+            }
+
+            angular.module('time', [])
+              // Register the 'myCurrentTime' directive factory method.
+              // We inject $timeout and dateFilter service since the factory method is DI.
+              .directive('myCurrentTime', function($timeout, dateFilter) {
+                // return the directive link function. (compile function not needed)
+                return function(scope, element, attrs) {
+                  var format,  // date format
+                  timeoutId; // timeoutId, so that we can cancel the time updates
+
+                  // used to update the UI
+                  function updateTime() {
+                    element.text(dateFilter(new Date(), format));
+                  }
+
+                  // watch the expression, and update the UI on change.
+                  scope.$watch(attrs.myCurrentTime, function(value) {
+                    format = value;
+                    updateTime();
+                  });
+
+                  // schedule update in one second
+                  function updateLater() {
+                    // save the timeoutId for canceling
+                    timeoutId = $timeout(function() {
+                      updateTime(); // update DOM
+                      updateLater(); // schedule another update
+                    }, 1000);
+                  }
+
+                  // listen on DOM destroy (removal) event, and cancel the next UI update
+                  // to prevent updating time ofter the DOM element was removed.
+                  element.bind('$destroy', function() {
+                    $timeout.cancel(timeoutId);
+                  });
+
+                  updateLater(); // kick off the UI update process.
+                }
+              });
+          </script>
+
+          <div>
+            <div ng-controller="Ctrl2">
+              Date format: <input ng-model="format"> <hr/>
+              Current time is: <span my-current-time="format"></span>
+              <hr/>
+              Blood 1 : <font color='red'>{{blood_1}}</font>
+              Blood 2 : <font color='red'>{{blood_2}}</font>
+              <button type="button" data-ng-click="fight()">Fight</button>
+              <button type="button" data-ng-click="stopFight()">StopFight</button>
+              <button type="button" data-ng-click="resetFight()">resetFight</button>
+            </div>
+          </div>
+
+        </doc:source>
+      </doc:example>
+      */
+    function timeout(fn, delay, invokeApply) {
+      var deferred = $q.defer(),
+          promise = deferred.promise,
+          skipApply = (isDefined(invokeApply) && !invokeApply),
+          timeoutId;
+
+      timeoutId = $browser.defer(function() {
+        try {
+          deferred.resolve(fn());
+        } catch(e) {
+          deferred.reject(e);
+          $exceptionHandler(e);
+        }
+        finally {
+          delete deferreds[promise.$$timeoutId];
+        }
+
+        if (!skipApply) $rootScope.$apply();
+      }, delay);
+
+      promise.$$timeoutId = timeoutId;
+      deferreds[timeoutId] = deferred;
+
+      return promise;
+    }
+
+
+     /**
+      * @ngdoc function
+      * @name ng.$timeout#cancel
+      * @methodOf ng.$timeout
+      *
+      * @description
+      * Cancels a task associated with the `promise`. As a result of this, the promise will be
+      * resolved with a rejection.
+      *
+      * @param {Promise=} promise Promise returned by the `$timeout` function.
+      * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if the task hasn't executed yet and was successfully
+      *   canceled.
+      */
+    timeout.cancel = function(promise) {
+      if (promise && promise.$$timeoutId in deferreds) {
+        deferreds[promise.$$timeoutId].reject('canceled');
+        delete deferreds[promise.$$timeoutId];
+        return $browser.defer.cancel(promise.$$timeoutId);
+      }
+      return false;
+    };
+
+    return timeout;
+  }];
+}
+
+// NOTE:  The usage of window and document instead of $window and $document here is
+// deliberate.  This service depends on the specific behavior of anchor nodes created by the
+// browser (resolving and parsing URLs) that is unlikely to be provided by mock objects and
+// cause us to break tests.  In addition, when the browser resolves a URL for XHR, it
+// doesn't know about mocked locations and resolves URLs to the real document - which is
+// exactly the behavior needed here.  There is little value is mocking these out for this
+// service.
+var urlParsingNode = document.createElement("a");
+var originUrl = urlResolve(window.location.href, true);
+
+
+/**
+ *
+ * Implementation Notes for non-IE browsers
+ * ----------------------------------------
+ * Assigning a URL to the href property of an anchor DOM node, even one attached to the DOM,
+ * results both in the normalizing and parsing of the URL.  Normalizing means that a relative
+ * URL will be resolved into an absolute URL in the context of the application document.
+ * Parsing means that the anchor node's host, hostname, protocol, port, pathname and related
+ * properties are all populated to reflect the normalized URL.  This approach has wide
+ * compatibility - Safari 1+, Mozilla 1+, Opera 7+,e etc.  See
+ * http://www.aptana.com/reference/html/api/HTMLAnchorElement.html
+ *
+ * Implementation Notes for IE
+ * ---------------------------
+ * IE >= 8 and <= 10 normalizes the URL when assigned to the anchor node similar to the other
+ * browsers.  However, the parsed components will not be set if the URL assigned did not specify
+ * them.  (e.g. if you assign a.href = "foo", then a.protocol, a.host, etc. will be empty.)  We
+ * work around that by performing the parsing in a 2nd step by taking a previously normalized
+ * URL (e.g. by assigning to a.href) and assigning it a.href again.  This correctly populates the
+ * properties such as protocol, hostname, port, etc.
+ *
+ * IE7 does not normalize the URL when assigned to an anchor node.  (Apparently, it does, if one
+ * uses the inner HTML approach to assign the URL as part of an HTML snippet -
+ * http://stackoverflow.com/a/472729)  However, setting img[src] does normalize the URL.
+ * Unfortunately, setting img[src] to something like "javascript:foo" on IE throws an exception.
+ * Since the primary usage for normalizing URLs is to sanitize such URLs, we can't use that
+ * method and IE < 8 is unsupported.
+ *
+ * References:
+ *   http://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/HTMLAnchorElement
+ *   http://www.aptana.com/reference/html/api/HTMLAnchorElement.html
+ *   http://url.spec.whatwg.org/#urlutils
+ *   https://github.com/angular/angular.js/pull/2902
+ *   http://james.padolsey.com/javascript/parsing-urls-with-the-dom/
+ *
+ * @function
+ * @param {string} url The URL to be parsed.
+ * @description Normalizes and parses a URL.
+ * @returns {object} Returns the normalized URL as a dictionary.
+ *
+ *   | member name   | Description    |
+ *   |---------------|----------------|
+ *   | href          | A normalized version of the provided URL if it was not an absolute URL |
+ *   | protocol      | The protocol including the trailing colon                              |
+ *   | host          | The host and port (if the port is non-default) of the normalizedUrl    |
+ *   | search        | The search params, minus the question mark                             |
+ *   | hash          | The hash string, minus the hash symbol
+ *   | hostname      | The hostname
+ *   | port          | The port, without ":"
+ *   | pathname      | The pathname, beginning with "/"
+ *
+ */
+function urlResolve(url, base) {
+  var href = url;
+
+  if (msie) {
+    // Normalize before parse.  Refer Implementation Notes on why this is
+    // done in two steps on IE.
+    urlParsingNode.setAttribute("href", href);
+    href = urlParsingNode.href;
+  }
+
+  urlParsingNode.setAttribute('href', href);
+
+  // urlParsingNode provides the UrlUtils interface - http://url.spec.whatwg.org/#urlutils
+  return {
+    href: urlParsingNode.href,
+    protocol: urlParsingNode.protocol ? urlParsingNode.protocol.replace(/:$/, '') : '',
+    host: urlParsingNode.host,
+    search: urlParsingNode.search ? urlParsingNode.search.replace(/^\?/, '') : '',
+    hash: urlParsingNode.hash ? urlParsingNode.hash.replace(/^#/, '') : '',
+    hostname: urlParsingNode.hostname,
+    port: urlParsingNode.port,
+    pathname: (urlParsingNode.pathname.charAt(0) === '/')
+      ? urlParsingNode.pathname
+      : '/' + urlParsingNode.pathname
+  };
+}
+
+/**
+ * Parse a request URL and determine whether this is a same-origin request as the application document.
+ *
+ * @param {string|object} requestUrl The url of the request as a string that will be resolved
+ * or a parsed URL object.
+ * @returns {boolean} Whether the request is for the same origin as the application document.
+ */
+function urlIsSameOrigin(requestUrl) {
+  var parsed = (isString(requestUrl)) ? urlResolve(requestUrl) : requestUrl;
+  return (parsed.protocol === originUrl.protocol &&
+          parsed.host === originUrl.host);
+}
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc object
+ * @name ng.$window
+ *
+ * @description
+ * A reference to the browser's `window` object. While `window`
+ * is globally available in JavaScript, it causes testability problems, because
+ * it is a global variable. In angular we always refer to it through the
+ * `$window` service, so it may be overridden, removed or mocked for testing.
+ *
+ * Expressions, like the one defined for the `ngClick` directive in the example
+ * below, are evaluated with respect to the current scope.  Therefore, there is
+ * no risk of inadvertently coding in a dependency on a global value in such an
+ * expression.
+ *
+ * @example
+   <doc:example>
+     <doc:source>
+       <script>
+         function Ctrl($scope, $window) {
+           $scope.greeting = 'Hello, World!';
+           $scope.doGreeting = function(greeting) {
+               $window.alert(greeting);
+           };
+         }
+       </script>
+       <div ng-controller="Ctrl">
+         <input type="text" ng-model="greeting" />
+         <button ng-click="doGreeting(greeting)">ALERT</button>
+       </div>
+     </doc:source>
+     <doc:scenario>
+      it('should display the greeting in the input box', function() {
+       input('greeting').enter('Hello, E2E Tests');
+       // If we click the button it will block the test runner
+       // element(':button').click();
+      });
+     </doc:scenario>
+   </doc:example>
+ */
+function $WindowProvider(){
+  this.$get = valueFn(window);
+}
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc object
+ * @name ng.$filterProvider
+ * @description
+ *
+ * Filters are just functions which transform input to an output. However filters need to be
+ * Dependency Injected. To achieve this a filter definition consists of a factory function which is
+ * annotated with dependencies and is responsible for creating a filter function.
+ *
+ * <pre>
+ *   // Filter registration
+ *   function MyModule($provide, $filterProvider) {
+ *     // create a service to demonstrate injection (not always needed)
+ *     $provide.value('greet', function(name){
+ *       return 'Hello ' + name + '!';
+ *     });
+ *
+ *     // register a filter factory which uses the
+ *     // greet service to demonstrate DI.
+ *     $filterProvider.register('greet', function(greet){
+ *       // return the filter function which uses the greet service
+ *       // to generate salutation
+ *       return function(text) {
+ *         // filters need to be forgiving so check input validity
+ *         return text && greet(text) || text;
+ *       };
+ *     });
+ *   }
+ * </pre>
+ *
+ * The filter function is registered with the `$injector` under the filter name suffix with
+ * `Filter`.
+ * 
+ * <pre>
+ *   it('should be the same instance', inject(
+ *     function($filterProvider) {
+ *       $filterProvider.register('reverse', function(){
+ *         return ...;
+ *       });
+ *     },
+ *     function($filter, reverseFilter) {
+ *       expect($filter('reverse')).toBe(reverseFilter);
+ *     });
+ * </pre>
+ *
+ *
+ * For more information about how angular filters work, and how to create your own filters, see
+ * {@link guide/filter Filters} in the Angular Developer Guide.
+ */
+/**
+ * @ngdoc method
+ * @name ng.$filterProvider#register
+ * @methodOf ng.$filterProvider
+ * @description
+ * Register filter factory function.
+ *
+ * @param {String} name Name of the filter.
+ * @param {function} fn The filter factory function which is injectable.
+ */
+
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc function
+ * @name ng.$filter
+ * @function
+ * @description
+ * Filters are used for formatting data displayed to the user.
+ *
+ * The general syntax in templates is as follows:
+ *
+ *         {{ expression [| filter_name[:parameter_value] ... ] }}
+ *
+ * @param {String} name Name of the filter function to retrieve
+ * @return {Function} the filter function
+ */
+$FilterProvider.$inject = ['$provide'];
+function $FilterProvider($provide) {
+  var suffix = 'Filter';
+
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc function
+   * @name ng.$controllerProvider#register
+   * @methodOf ng.$controllerProvider
+   * @param {string|Object} name Name of the filter function, or an object map of filters where
+   *    the keys are the filter names and the values are the filter factories.
+   * @returns {Object} Registered filter instance, or if a map of filters was provided then a map
+   *    of the registered filter instances.
+   */
+  function register(name, factory) {
+    if(isObject(name)) {
+      var filters = {};
+      forEach(name, function(filter, key) {
+        filters[key] = register(key, filter);
+      });
+      return filters;
+    } else {
+      return $provide.factory(name + suffix, factory);
+    }
+  }
+  this.register = register;
+
+  this.$get = ['$injector', function($injector) {
+    return function(name) {
+      return $injector.get(name + suffix);
+    };
+  }];
+
+  ////////////////////////////////////////
+  
+  /* global
+    currencyFilter: false,
+    dateFilter: false,
+    filterFilter: false,
+    jsonFilter: false,
+    limitToFilter: false,
+    lowercaseFilter: false,
+    numberFilter: false,
+    orderByFilter: false,
+    uppercaseFilter: false,
+  */
+
+  register('currency', currencyFilter);
+  register('date', dateFilter);
+  register('filter', filterFilter);
+  register('json', jsonFilter);
+  register('limitTo', limitToFilter);
+  register('lowercase', lowercaseFilter);
+  register('number', numberFilter);
+  register('orderBy', orderByFilter);
+  register('uppercase', uppercaseFilter);
+}
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc filter
+ * @name ng.filter:filter
+ * @function
+ *
+ * @description
+ * Selects a subset of items from `array` and returns it as a new array.
+ *
+ * @param {Array} array The source array.
+ * @param {string|Object|function()} expression The predicate to be used for selecting items from
+ *   `array`.
+ *
+ *   Can be one of:
+ *
+ *   - `string`: Predicate that results in a substring match using the value of `expression`
+ *     string. All strings or objects with string properties in `array` that contain this string
+ *     will be returned. The predicate can be negated by prefixing the string with `!`.
+ *
+ *   - `Object`: A pattern object can be used to filter specific properties on objects contained
+ *     by `array`. For example `{name:"M", phone:"1"}` predicate will return an array of items
+ *     which have property `name` containing "M" and property `phone` containing "1". A special
+ *     property name `$` can be used (as in `{$:"text"}`) to accept a match against any
+ *     property of the object. That's equivalent to the simple substring match with a `string`
+ *     as described above.
+ *
+ *   - `function`: A predicate function can be used to write arbitrary filters. The function is
+ *     called for each element of `array`. The final result is an array of those elements that
+ *     the predicate returned true for.
+ *
+ * @param {function(expected, actual)|true|undefined} comparator Comparator which is used in
+ *     determining if the expected value (from the filter expression) and actual value (from
+ *     the object in the array) should be considered a match.
+ *
+ *   Can be one of:
+ *
+ *     - `function(expected, actual)`:
+ *       The function will be given the object value and the predicate value to compare and
+ *       should return true if the item should be included in filtered result.
+ *
+ *     - `true`: A shorthand for `function(expected, actual) { return angular.equals(expected, actual)}`.
+ *       this is essentially strict comparison of expected and actual.
+ *
+ *     - `false|undefined`: A short hand for a function which will look for a substring match in case
+ *       insensitive way.
+ *
+ * @example
+   <doc:example>
+     <doc:source>
+       <div ng-init="friends = [{name:'John', phone:'555-1276'},
+                                {name:'Mary', phone:'800-BIG-MARY'},
+                                {name:'Mike', phone:'555-4321'},
+                                {name:'Adam', phone:'555-5678'},
+                                {name:'Julie', phone:'555-8765'},
+                                {name:'Juliette', phone:'555-5678'}]"></div>
+
+       Search: <input ng-model="searchText">
+       <table id="searchTextResults">
+         <tr><th>Name</th><th>Phone</th></tr>
+         <tr ng-repeat="friend in friends | filter:searchText">
+           <td>{{friend.name}}</td>
+           <td>{{friend.phone}}</td>
+         </tr>
+       </table>
+       <hr>
+       Any: <input ng-model="search.$"> <br>
+       Name only <input ng-model="search.name"><br>
+       Phone only <input ng-model="search.phone"><br>
+       Equality <input type="checkbox" ng-model="strict"><br>
+       <table id="searchObjResults">
+         <tr><th>Name</th><th>Phone</th></tr>
+         <tr ng-repeat="friend in friends | filter:search:strict">
+           <td>{{friend.name}}</td>
+           <td>{{friend.phone}}</td>
+         </tr>
+       </table>
+     </doc:source>
+     <doc:scenario>
+       it('should search across all fields when filtering with a string', function() {
+         input('searchText').enter('m');
+         expect(repeater('#searchTextResults tr', 'friend in friends').column('friend.name')).
+           toEqual(['Mary', 'Mike', 'Adam']);
+
+         input('searchText').enter('76');
+         expect(repeater('#searchTextResults tr', 'friend in friends').column('friend.name')).
+           toEqual(['John', 'Julie']);
+       });
+
+       it('should search in specific fields when filtering with a predicate object', function() {
+         input('search.$').enter('i');
+         expect(repeater('#searchObjResults tr', 'friend in friends').column('friend.name')).
+           toEqual(['Mary', 'Mike', 'Julie', 'Juliette']);
+       });
+       it('should use a equal comparison when comparator is true', function() {
+         input('search.name').enter('Julie');
+         input('strict').check();
+         expect(repeater('#searchObjResults tr', 'friend in friends').column('friend.name')).
+           toEqual(['Julie']);
+       });
+     </doc:scenario>
+   </doc:example>
+ */
+function filterFilter() {
+  return function(array, expression, comparator) {
+    if (!isArray(array)) return array;
+
+    var comparatorType = typeof(comparator),
+        predicates = [];
+
+    predicates.check = function(value) {
+      for (var j = 0; j < predicates.length; j++) {
+        if(!predicates[j](value)) {
+          return false;
+        }
+      }
+      return true;
+    };
+
+    if (comparatorType !== 'function') {
+      if (comparatorType === 'boolean' && comparator) {
+        comparator = function(obj, text) {
+          return angular.equals(obj, text);
+        };
+      } else {
+        comparator = function(obj, text) {
+          text = (''+text).toLowerCase();
+          return (''+obj).toLowerCase().indexOf(text) > -1;
+        };
+      }
+    }
+
+    var search = function(obj, text){
+      if (typeof text == 'string' && text.charAt(0) === '!') {
+        return !search(obj, text.substr(1));
+      }
+      switch (typeof obj) {
+        case "boolean":
+        case "number":
+        case "string":
+          return comparator(obj, text);
+        case "object":
+          switch (typeof text) {
+            case "object":
+              return comparator(obj, text);
+            default:
+              for ( var objKey in obj) {
+                if (objKey.charAt(0) !== '$' && search(obj[objKey], text)) {
+                  return true;
+                }
+              }
+              break;
+          }
+          return false;
+        case "array":
+          for ( var i = 0; i < obj.length; i++) {
+            if (search(obj[i], text)) {
+              return true;
+            }
+          }
+          return false;
+        default:
+          return false;
+      }
+    };
+    switch (typeof expression) {
+      case "boolean":
+      case "number":
+      case "string":
+        // Set up expression object and fall through
+        expression = {$:expression};
+        // jshint -W086
+      case "object":
+        // jshint +W086
+        for (var key in expression) {
+          if (key == '$') {
+            (function() {
+              if (!expression[key]) return;
+              var path = key;
+              predicates.push(function(value) {
+                return search(value, expression[path]);
+              });
+            })();
+          } else {
+            (function() {
+              if (typeof(expression[key]) == 'undefined') { return; }
+              var path = key;
+              predicates.push(function(value) {
+                return search(getter(value,path), expression[path]);
+              });
+            })();
+          }
+        }
+        break;
+      case 'function':
+        predicates.push(expression);
+        break;
+      default:
+        return array;
+    }
+    var filtered = [];
+    for ( var j = 0; j < array.length; j++) {
+      var value = array[j];
+      if (predicates.check(value)) {
+        filtered.push(value);
+      }
+    }
+    return filtered;
+  };
+}
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc filter
+ * @name ng.filter:currency
+ * @function
+ *
+ * @description
+ * Formats a number as a currency (ie $1,234.56). When no currency symbol is provided, default
+ * symbol for current locale is used.
+ *
+ * @param {number} amount Input to filter.
+ * @param {string=} symbol Currency symbol or identifier to be displayed.
+ * @returns {string} Formatted number.
+ *
+ *
+ * @example
+   <doc:example>
+     <doc:source>
+       <script>
+         function Ctrl($scope) {
+           $scope.amount = 1234.56;
+         }
+       </script>
+       <div ng-controller="Ctrl">
+         <input type="number" ng-model="amount"> <br>
+         default currency symbol ($): {{amount | currency}}<br>
+         custom currency identifier (USD$): {{amount | currency:"USD$"}}
+       </div>
+     </doc:source>
+     <doc:scenario>
+       it('should init with 1234.56', function() {
+         expect(binding('amount | currency')).toBe('$1,234.56');
+         expect(binding('amount | currency:"USD$"')).toBe('USD$1,234.56');
+       });
+       it('should update', function() {
+         input('amount').enter('-1234');
+         expect(binding('amount | currency')).toBe('($1,234.00)');
+         expect(binding('amount | currency:"USD$"')).toBe('(USD$1,234.00)');
+       });
+     </doc:scenario>
+   </doc:example>
+ */
+currencyFilter.$inject = ['$locale'];
+function currencyFilter($locale) {
+  var formats = $locale.NUMBER_FORMATS;
+  return function(amount, currencySymbol){
+    if (isUndefined(currencySymbol)) currencySymbol = formats.CURRENCY_SYM;
+    return formatNumber(amount, formats.PATTERNS[1], formats.GROUP_SEP, formats.DECIMAL_SEP, 2).
+                replace(/\u00A4/g, currencySymbol);
+  };
+}
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc filter
+ * @name ng.filter:number
+ * @function
+ *
+ * @description
+ * Formats a number as text.
+ *
+ * If the input is not a number an empty string is returned.
+ *
+ * @param {number|string} number Number to format.
+ * @param {(number|string)=} fractionSize Number of decimal places to round the number to.
+ * If this is not provided then the fraction size is computed from the current locale's number
+ * formatting pattern. In the case of the default locale, it will be 3.
+ * @returns {string} Number rounded to decimalPlaces and places a “,” after each third digit.
+ *
+ * @example
+   <doc:example>
+     <doc:source>
+       <script>
+         function Ctrl($scope) {
+           $scope.val = 1234.56789;
+         }
+       </script>
+       <div ng-controller="Ctrl">
+         Enter number: <input ng-model='val'><br>
+         Default formatting: {{val | number}}<br>
+         No fractions: {{val | number:0}}<br>
+         Negative number: {{-val | number:4}}
+       </div>
+     </doc:source>
+     <doc:scenario>
+       it('should format numbers', function() {
+         expect(binding('val | number')).toBe('1,234.568');
+         expect(binding('val | number:0')).toBe('1,235');
+         expect(binding('-val | number:4')).toBe('-1,234.5679');
+       });
+
+       it('should update', function() {
+         input('val').enter('3374.333');
+         expect(binding('val | number')).toBe('3,374.333');
+         expect(binding('val | number:0')).toBe('3,374');
+         expect(binding('-val | number:4')).toBe('-3,374.3330');
+       });
+     </doc:scenario>
+   </doc:example>
+ */
+
+
+numberFilter.$inject = ['$locale'];
+function numberFilter($locale) {
+  var formats = $locale.NUMBER_FORMATS;
+  return function(number, fractionSize) {
+    return formatNumber(number, formats.PATTERNS[0], formats.GROUP_SEP, formats.DECIMAL_SEP,
+      fractionSize);
+  };
+}
+
+var DECIMAL_SEP = '.';
+function formatNumber(number, pattern, groupSep, decimalSep, fractionSize) {
+  if (isNaN(number) || !isFinite(number)) return '';
+
+  var isNegative = number < 0;
+  number = Math.abs(number);
+  var numStr = number + '',
+      formatedText = '',
+      parts = [];
+
+  var hasExponent = false;
+  if (numStr.indexOf('e') !== -1) {
+    var match = numStr.match(/([\d\.]+)e(-?)(\d+)/);
+    if (match && match[2] == '-' && match[3] > fractionSize + 1) {
+      numStr = '0';
+    } else {
+      formatedText = numStr;
+      hasExponent = true;
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (!hasExponent) {
+    var fractionLen = (numStr.split(DECIMAL_SEP)[1] || '').length;
+
+    // determine fractionSize if it is not specified
+    if (isUndefined(fractionSize)) {
+      fractionSize = Math.min(Math.max(pattern.minFrac, fractionLen), pattern.maxFrac);
+    }
+
+    var pow = Math.pow(10, fractionSize);
+    number = Math.round(number * pow) / pow;
+    var fraction = ('' + number).split(DECIMAL_SEP);
+    var whole = fraction[0];
+    fraction = fraction[1] || '';
+
+    var i, pos = 0,
+        lgroup = pattern.lgSize,
+        group = pattern.gSize;
+
+    if (whole.length >= (lgroup + group)) {
+      pos = whole.length - lgroup;
+      for (i = 0; i < pos; i++) {
+        if ((pos - i)%group === 0 && i !== 0) {
+          formatedText += groupSep;
+        }
+        formatedText += whole.charAt(i);
+      }
+    }
+
+    for (i = pos; i < whole.length; i++) {
+      if ((whole.length - i)%lgroup === 0 && i !== 0) {
+        formatedText += groupSep;
+      }
+      formatedText += whole.charAt(i);
+    }
+
+    // format fraction part.
+    while(fraction.length < fractionSize) {
+      fraction += '0';
+    }
+
+    if (fractionSize && fractionSize !== "0") formatedText += decimalSep + fraction.substr(0, fractionSize);
+  } else {
+
+    if (fractionSize > 0 && number > -1 && number < 1) {
+      formatedText = number.toFixed(fractionSize);
+    }
+  }
+
+  parts.push(isNegative ? pattern.negPre : pattern.posPre);
+  parts.push(formatedText);
+  parts.push(isNegative ? pattern.negSuf : pattern.posSuf);
+  return parts.join('');
+}
+
+function padNumber(num, digits, trim) {
+  var neg = '';
+  if (num < 0) {
+    neg =  '-';
+    num = -num;
+  }
+  num = '' + num;
+  while(num.length < digits) num = '0' + num;
+  if (trim)
+    num = num.substr(num.length - digits);
+  return neg + num;
+}
+
+
+function dateGetter(name, size, offset, trim) {
+  offset = offset || 0;
+  return function(date) {
+    var value = date['get' + name]();
+    if (offset > 0 || value > -offset)
+      value += offset;
+    if (value === 0 && offset == -12 ) value = 12;
+    return padNumber(value, size, trim);
+  };
+}
+
+function dateStrGetter(name, shortForm) {
+  return function(date, formats) {
+    var value = date['get' + name]();
+    var get = uppercase(shortForm ? ('SHORT' + name) : name);
+
+    return formats[get][value];
+  };
+}
+
+function timeZoneGetter(date) {
+  var zone = -1 * date.getTimezoneOffset();
+  var paddedZone = (zone >= 0) ? "+" : "";
+
+  paddedZone += padNumber(Math[zone > 0 ? 'floor' : 'ceil'](zone / 60), 2) +
+                padNumber(Math.abs(zone % 60), 2);
+
+  return paddedZone;
+}
+
+function ampmGetter(date, formats) {
+  return date.getHours() < 12 ? formats.AMPMS[0] : formats.AMPMS[1];
+}
+
+var DATE_FORMATS = {
+  yyyy: dateGetter('FullYear', 4),
+    yy: dateGetter('FullYear', 2, 0, true),
+     y: dateGetter('FullYear', 1),
+  MMMM: dateStrGetter('Month'),
+   MMM: dateStrGetter('Month', true),
+    MM: dateGetter('Month', 2, 1),
+     M: dateGetter('Month', 1, 1),
+    dd: dateGetter('Date', 2),
+     d: dateGetter('Date', 1),
+    HH: dateGetter('Hours', 2),
+     H: dateGetter('Hours', 1),
+    hh: dateGetter('Hours', 2, -12),
+     h: dateGetter('Hours', 1, -12),
+    mm: dateGetter('Minutes', 2),
+     m: dateGetter('Minutes', 1),
+    ss: dateGetter('Seconds', 2),
+     s: dateGetter('Seconds', 1),
+     // while ISO 8601 requires fractions to be prefixed with `.` or `,`
+     // we can be just safely rely on using `sss` since we currently don't support single or two digit fractions
+   sss: dateGetter('Milliseconds', 3),
+  EEEE: dateStrGetter('Day'),
+   EEE: dateStrGetter('Day', true),
+     a: ampmGetter,
+     Z: timeZoneGetter
+};
+
+var DATE_FORMATS_SPLIT = /((?:[^yMdHhmsaZE']+)|(?:'(?:[^']|'')*')|(?:E+|y+|M+|d+|H+|h+|m+|s+|a|Z))(.*)/,
+    NUMBER_STRING = /^\-?\d+$/;
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc filter
+ * @name ng.filter:date
+ * @function
+ *
+ * @description
+ *   Formats `date` to a string based on the requested `format`.
+ *
+ *   `format` string can be composed of the following elements:
+ *
+ *   * `'yyyy'`: 4 digit representation of year (e.g. AD 1 => 0001, AD 2010 => 2010)
+ *   * `'yy'`: 2 digit representation of year, padded (00-99). (e.g. AD 2001 => 01, AD 2010 => 10)
+ *   * `'y'`: 1 digit representation of year, e.g. (AD 1 => 1, AD 199 => 199)
+ *   * `'MMMM'`: Month in year (January-December)
+ *   * `'MMM'`: Month in year (Jan-Dec)
+ *   * `'MM'`: Month in year, padded (01-12)
+ *   * `'M'`: Month in year (1-12)
+ *   * `'dd'`: Day in month, padded (01-31)
+ *   * `'d'`: Day in month (1-31)
+ *   * `'EEEE'`: Day in Week,(Sunday-Saturday)
+ *   * `'EEE'`: Day in Week, (Sun-Sat)
+ *   * `'HH'`: Hour in day, padded (00-23)
+ *   * `'H'`: Hour in day (0-23)
+ *   * `'hh'`: Hour in am/pm, padded (01-12)
+ *   * `'h'`: Hour in am/pm, (1-12)
+ *   * `'mm'`: Minute in hour, padded (00-59)
+ *   * `'m'`: Minute in hour (0-59)
+ *   * `'ss'`: Second in minute, padded (00-59)
+ *   * `'s'`: Second in minute (0-59)
+ *   * `'.sss' or ',sss'`: Millisecond in second, padded (000-999)
+ *   * `'a'`: am/pm marker
+ *   * `'Z'`: 4 digit (+sign) representation of the timezone offset (-1200-+1200)
+ *
+ *   `format` string can also be one of the following predefined
+ *   {@link guide/i18n localizable formats}:
+ *
+ *   * `'medium'`: equivalent to `'MMM d, y h:mm:ss a'` for en_US locale
+ *     (e.g. Sep 3, 2010 12:05:08 pm)
+ *   * `'short'`: equivalent to `'M/d/yy h:mm a'` for en_US  locale (e.g. 9/3/10 12:05 pm)
+ *   * `'fullDate'`: equivalent to `'EEEE, MMMM d,y'` for en_US  locale
+ *     (e.g. Friday, September 3, 2010)
+ *   * `'longDate'`: equivalent to `'MMMM d, y'` for en_US  locale (e.g. September 3, 2010)
+ *   * `'mediumDate'`: equivalent to `'MMM d, y'` for en_US  locale (e.g. Sep 3, 2010)
+ *   * `'shortDate'`: equivalent to `'M/d/yy'` for en_US locale (e.g. 9/3/10)
+ *   * `'mediumTime'`: equivalent to `'h:mm:ss a'` for en_US locale (e.g. 12:05:08 pm)
+ *   * `'shortTime'`: equivalent to `'h:mm a'` for en_US locale (e.g. 12:05 pm)
+ *
+ *   `format` string can contain literal values. These need to be quoted with single quotes (e.g.
+ *   `"h 'in the morning'"`). In order to output single quote, use two single quotes in a sequence
+ *   (e.g. `"h 'o''clock'"`).
+ *
+ * @param {(Date|number|string)} date Date to format either as Date object, milliseconds (string or
+ *    number) or various ISO 8601 datetime string formats (e.g. yyyy-MM-ddTHH:mm:ss.SSSZ and its
+ *    shorter versions like yyyy-MM-ddTHH:mmZ, yyyy-MM-dd or yyyyMMddTHHmmssZ). If no timezone is
+ *    specified in the string input, the time is considered to be in the local timezone.
+ * @param {string=} format Formatting rules (see Description). If not specified,
+ *    `mediumDate` is used.
+ * @returns {string} Formatted string or the input if input is not recognized as date/millis.
+ *
+ * @example
+   <doc:example>
+     <doc:source>
+       <span ng-non-bindable>{{1288323623006 | date:'medium'}}</span>:
+           {{1288323623006 | date:'medium'}}<br>
+       <span ng-non-bindable>{{1288323623006 | date:'yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss Z'}}</span>:
+          {{1288323623006 | date:'yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss Z'}}<br>
+       <span ng-non-bindable>{{1288323623006 | date:'MM/dd/yyyy @ h:mma'}}</span>:
+          {{'1288323623006' | date:'MM/dd/yyyy @ h:mma'}}<br>
+     </doc:source>
+     <doc:scenario>
+       it('should format date', function() {
+         expect(binding("1288323623006 | date:'medium'")).
+            toMatch(/Oct 2\d, 2010 \d{1,2}:\d{2}:\d{2} (AM|PM)/);
+         expect(binding("1288323623006 | date:'yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss Z'")).
+            toMatch(/2010\-10\-2\d \d{2}:\d{2}:\d{2} (\-|\+)?\d{4}/);
+         expect(binding("'1288323623006' | date:'MM/dd/yyyy @ h:mma'")).
+            toMatch(/10\/2\d\/2010 @ \d{1,2}:\d{2}(AM|PM)/);
+       });
+     </doc:scenario>
+   </doc:example>
+ */
+dateFilter.$inject = ['$locale'];
+function dateFilter($locale) {
+
+
+  var R_ISO8601_STR = /^(\d{4})-?(\d\d)-?(\d\d)(?:T(\d\d)(?::?(\d\d)(?::?(\d\d)(?:\.(\d+))?)?)?(Z|([+-])(\d\d):?(\d\d))?)?$/;
+                     // 1        2       3         4          5          6          7          8  9     10      11
+  function jsonStringToDate(string) {
+    var match;
+    if (match = string.match(R_ISO8601_STR)) {
+      var date = new Date(0),
+          tzHour = 0,
+          tzMin  = 0,
+          dateSetter = match[8] ? date.setUTCFullYear : date.setFullYear,
+          timeSetter = match[8] ? date.setUTCHours : date.setHours;
+
+      if (match[9]) {
+        tzHour = int(match[9] + match[10]);
+        tzMin = int(match[9] + match[11]);
+      }
+      dateSetter.call(date, int(match[1]), int(match[2]) - 1, int(match[3]));
+      var h = int(match[4]||0) - tzHour;
+      var m = int(match[5]||0) - tzMin;
+      var s = int(match[6]||0);
+      var ms = Math.round(parseFloat('0.' + (match[7]||0)) * 1000);
+      timeSetter.call(date, h, m, s, ms);
+      return date;
+    }
+    return string;
+  }
+
+
+  return function(date, format) {
+    var text = '',
+        parts = [],
+        fn, match;
+
+    format = format || 'mediumDate';
+    format = $locale.DATETIME_FORMATS[format] || format;
+    if (isString(date)) {
+      if (NUMBER_STRING.test(date)) {
+        date = int(date);
+      } else {
+        date = jsonStringToDate(date);
+      }
+    }
+
+    if (isNumber(date)) {
+      date = new Date(date);
+    }
+
+    if (!isDate(date)) {
+      return date;
+    }
+
+    while(format) {
+      match = DATE_FORMATS_SPLIT.exec(format);
+      if (match) {
+        parts = concat(parts, match, 1);
+        format = parts.pop();
+      } else {
+        parts.push(format);
+        format = null;
+      }
+    }
+
+    forEach(parts, function(value){
+      fn = DATE_FORMATS[value];
+      text += fn ? fn(date, $locale.DATETIME_FORMATS)
+                 : value.replace(/(^'|'$)/g, '').replace(/''/g, "'");
+    });
+
+    return text;
+  };
+}
+
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc filter
+ * @name ng.filter:json
+ * @function
+ *
+ * @description
+ *   Allows you to convert a JavaScript object into JSON string.
+ *
+ *   This filter is mostly useful for debugging. When using the double curly {{value}} notation
+ *   the binding is automatically converted to JSON.
+ *
+ * @param {*} object Any JavaScript object (including arrays and primitive types) to filter.
+ * @returns {string} JSON string.
+ *
+ *
+ * @example:
+   <doc:example>
+     <doc:source>
+       <pre>{{ {'name':'value'} | json }}</pre>
+     </doc:source>
+     <doc:scenario>
+       it('should jsonify filtered objects', function() {
+         expect(binding("{'name':'value'}")).toMatch(/\{\n  "name": ?"value"\n}/);
+       });
+     </doc:scenario>
+   </doc:example>
+ *
+ */
+function jsonFilter() {
+  return function(object) {
+    return toJson(object, true);
+  };
+}
+
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc filter
+ * @name ng.filter:lowercase
+ * @function
+ * @description
+ * Converts string to lowercase.
+ * @see angular.lowercase
+ */
+var lowercaseFilter = valueFn(lowercase);
+
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc filter
+ * @name ng.filter:uppercase
+ * @function
+ * @description
+ * Converts string to uppercase.
+ * @see angular.uppercase
+ */
+var uppercaseFilter = valueFn(uppercase);
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc function
+ * @name ng.filter:limitTo
+ * @function
+ *
+ * @description
+ * Creates a new array or string containing only a specified number of elements. The elements
+ * are taken from either the beginning or the end of the source array or string, as specified by
+ * the value and sign (positive or negative) of `limit`.
+ *
+ * @param {Array|string} input Source array or string to be limited.
+ * @param {string|number} limit The length of the returned array or string. If the `limit` number 
+ *     is positive, `limit` number of items from the beginning of the source array/string are copied.
+ *     If the number is negative, `limit` number  of items from the end of the source array/string 
+ *     are copied. The `limit` will be trimmed if it exceeds `array.length`
+ * @returns {Array|string} A new sub-array or substring of length `limit` or less if input array
+ *     had less than `limit` elements.
+ *
+ * @example
+   <doc:example>
+     <doc:source>
+       <script>
+         function Ctrl($scope) {
+           $scope.numbers = [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9];
+           $scope.letters = "abcdefghi";
+           $scope.numLimit = 3;
+           $scope.letterLimit = 3;
+         }
+       </script>
+       <div ng-controller="Ctrl">
+         Limit {{numbers}} to: <input type="integer" ng-model="numLimit">
+         <p>Output numbers: {{ numbers | limitTo:numLimit }}</p>
+         Limit {{letters}} to: <input type="integer" ng-model="letterLimit">
+         <p>Output letters: {{ letters | limitTo:letterLimit }}</p>
+       </div>
+     </doc:source>
+     <doc:scenario>
+       it('should limit the number array to first three items', function() {
+         expect(element('.doc-example-live input[ng-model=numLimit]').val()).toBe('3');
+         expect(element('.doc-example-live input[ng-model=letterLimit]').val()).toBe('3');
+         expect(binding('numbers | limitTo:numLimit')).toEqual('[1,2,3]');
+         expect(binding('letters | limitTo:letterLimit')).toEqual('abc');
+       });
+
+       it('should update the output when -3 is entered', function() {
+         input('numLimit').enter(-3);
+         input('letterLimit').enter(-3);
+         expect(binding('numbers | limitTo:numLimit')).toEqual('[7,8,9]');
+         expect(binding('letters | limitTo:letterLimit')).toEqual('ghi');
+       });
+
+       it('should not exceed the maximum size of input array', function() {
+         input('numLimit').enter(100);
+         input('letterLimit').enter(100);
+         expect(binding('numbers | limitTo:numLimit')).toEqual('[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9]');
+         expect(binding('letters | limitTo:letterLimit')).toEqual('abcdefghi');
+       });
+     </doc:scenario>
+   </doc:example>
+ */
+function limitToFilter(){
+  return function(input, limit) {
+    if (!isArray(input) && !isString(input)) return input;
+    
+    limit = int(limit);
+
+    if (isString(input)) {
+      //NaN check on limit
+      if (limit) {
+        return limit >= 0 ? input.slice(0, limit) : input.slice(limit, input.length);
+      } else {
+        return "";
+      }
+    }
+
+    var out = [],
+      i, n;
+
+    // if abs(limit) exceeds maximum length, trim it
+    if (limit > input.length)
+      limit = input.length;
+    else if (limit < -input.length)
+      limit = -input.length;
+
+    if (limit > 0) {
+      i = 0;
+      n = limit;
+    } else {
+      i = input.length + limit;
+      n = input.length;
+    }
+
+    for (; i<n; i++) {
+      out.push(input[i]);
+    }
+
+    return out;
+  };
+}
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc function
+ * @name ng.filter:orderBy
+ * @function
+ *
+ * @description
+ * Orders a specified `array` by the `expression` predicate.
+ *
+ * @param {Array} array The array to sort.
+ * @param {function(*)|string|Array.<(function(*)|string)>} expression A predicate to be
+ *    used by the comparator to determine the order of elements.
+ *
+ *    Can be one of:
+ *
+ *    - `function`: Getter function. The result of this function will be sorted using the
+ *      `<`, `=`, `>` operator.
+ *    - `string`: An Angular expression which evaluates to an object to order by, such as 'name'
+ *      to sort by a property called 'name'. Optionally prefixed with `+` or `-` to control
+ *      ascending or descending sort order (for example, +name or -name).
+ *    - `Array`: An array of function or string predicates. The first predicate in the array
+ *      is used for sorting, but when two items are equivalent, the next predicate is used.
+ *
+ * @param {boolean=} reverse Reverse the order the array.
+ * @returns {Array} Sorted copy of the source array.
+ *
+ * @example
+   <doc:example>
+     <doc:source>
+       <script>
+         function Ctrl($scope) {
+           $scope.friends =
+               [{name:'John', phone:'555-1212', age:10},
+                {name:'Mary', phone:'555-9876', age:19},
+                {name:'Mike', phone:'555-4321', age:21},
+                {name:'Adam', phone:'555-5678', age:35},
+                {name:'Julie', phone:'555-8765', age:29}]
+           $scope.predicate = '-age';
+         }
+       </script>
+       <div ng-controller="Ctrl">
+         <pre>Sorting predicate = {{predicate}}; reverse = {{reverse}}</pre>
+         <hr/>
+         [ <a href="" ng-click="predicate=''">unsorted</a> ]
+         <table class="friend">
+           <tr>
+             <th><a href="" ng-click="predicate = 'name'; reverse=false">Name</a>
+                 (<a href="" ng-click="predicate = '-name'; reverse=false">^</a>)</th>
+             <th><a href="" ng-click="predicate = 'phone'; reverse=!reverse">Phone Number</a></th>
+             <th><a href="" ng-click="predicate = 'age'; reverse=!reverse">Age</a></th>
+           </tr>
+           <tr ng-repeat="friend in friends | orderBy:predicate:reverse">
+             <td>{{friend.name}}</td>
+             <td>{{friend.phone}}</td>
+             <td>{{friend.age}}</td>
+           </tr>
+         </table>
+       </div>
+     </doc:source>
+     <doc:scenario>
+       it('should be reverse ordered by aged', function() {
+         expect(binding('predicate')).toBe('-age');
+         expect(repeater('table.friend', 'friend in friends').column('friend.age')).
+           toEqual(['35', '29', '21', '19', '10']);
+         expect(repeater('table.friend', 'friend in friends').column('friend.name')).
+           toEqual(['Adam', 'Julie', 'Mike', 'Mary', 'John']);
+       });
+
+       it('should reorder the table when user selects different predicate', function() {
+         element('.doc-example-live a:contains("Name")').click();
+         expect(repeater('table.friend', 'friend in friends').column('friend.name')).
+           toEqual(['Adam', 'John', 'Julie', 'Mary', 'Mike']);
+         expect(repeater('table.friend', 'friend in friends').column('friend.age')).
+           toEqual(['35', '10', '29', '19', '21']);
+
+         element('.doc-example-live a:contains("Phone")').click();
+         expect(repeater('table.friend', 'friend in friends').column('friend.phone')).
+           toEqual(['555-9876', '555-8765', '555-5678', '555-4321', '555-1212']);
+         expect(repeater('table.friend', 'friend in friends').column('friend.name')).
+           toEqual(['Mary', 'Julie', 'Adam', 'Mike', 'John']);
+       });
+     </doc:scenario>
+   </doc:example>
+ */
+orderByFilter.$inject = ['$parse'];
+function orderByFilter($parse){
+  return function(array, sortPredicate, reverseOrder) {
+    if (!isArray(array)) return array;
+    if (!sortPredicate) return array;
+    sortPredicate = isArray(sortPredicate) ? sortPredicate: [sortPredicate];
+    sortPredicate = map(sortPredicate, function(predicate){
+      var descending = false, get = predicate || identity;
+      if (isString(predicate)) {
+        if ((predicate.charAt(0) == '+' || predicate.charAt(0) == '-')) {
+          descending = predicate.charAt(0) == '-';
+          predicate = predicate.substring(1);
+        }
+        get = $parse(predicate);
+      }
+      return reverseComparator(function(a,b){
+        return compare(get(a),get(b));
+      }, descending);
+    });
+    var arrayCopy = [];
+    for ( var i = 0; i < array.length; i++) { arrayCopy.push(array[i]); }
+    return arrayCopy.sort(reverseComparator(comparator, reverseOrder));
+
+    function comparator(o1, o2){
+      for ( var i = 0; i < sortPredicate.length; i++) {
+        var comp = sortPredicate[i](o1, o2);
+        if (comp !== 0) return comp;
+      }
+      return 0;
+    }
+    function reverseComparator(comp, descending) {
+      return toBoolean(descending)
+          ? function(a,b){return comp(b,a);}
+          : comp;
+    }
+    function compare(v1, v2){
+      var t1 = typeof v1;
+      var t2 = typeof v2;
+      if (t1 == t2) {
+        if (t1 == "string") {
+           v1 = v1.toLowerCase();
+           v2 = v2.toLowerCase();
+        }
+        if (v1 === v2) return 0;
+        return v1 < v2 ? -1 : 1;
+      } else {
+        return t1 < t2 ? -1 : 1;
+      }
+    }
+  };
+}
+
+function ngDirective(directive) {
+  if (isFunction(directive)) {
+    directive = {
+      link: directive
+    };
+  }
+  directive.restrict = directive.restrict || 'AC';
+  return valueFn(directive);
+}
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc directive
+ * @name ng.directive:a
+ * @restrict E
+ *
+ * @description
+ * Modifies the default behavior of the html A tag so that the default action is prevented when
+ * the href attribute is empty.
+ *
+ * This change permits the easy creation of action links with the `ngClick` directive
+ * without changing the location or causing page reloads, e.g.:
+ * `<a href="" ng-click="list.addItem()">Add Item</a>`
+ */
+var htmlAnchorDirective = valueFn({
+  restrict: 'E',
+  compile: function(element, attr) {
+
+    if (msie <= 8) {
+
+      // turn <a href ng-click="..">link</a> into a stylable link in IE
+      // but only if it doesn't have name attribute, in which case it's an anchor
+      if (!attr.href && !attr.name) {
+        attr.$set('href', '');
+      }
+
+      // add a comment node to anchors to workaround IE bug that causes element content to be reset
+      // to new attribute content if attribute is updated with value containing @ and element also
+      // contains value with @
+      // see issue #1949
+      element.append(document.createComment('IE fix'));
+    }
+
+    if (!attr.href && !attr.name) {
+      return function(scope, element) {
+        element.on('click', function(event){
+          // if we have no href url, then don't navigate anywhere.
+          if (!element.attr('href')) {
+            event.preventDefault();
+          }
+        });
+      };
+    }
+  }
+});
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc directive
+ * @name ng.directive:ngHref
+ * @restrict A
+ *
+ * @description
+ * Using Angular markup like `{{hash}}` in an href attribute will
+ * make the link go to the wrong URL if the user clicks it before
+ * Angular has a chance to replace the `{{hash}}` markup with its
+ * value. Until Angular replaces the markup the link will be broken
+ * and will most likely return a 404 error.
+ *
+ * The `ngHref` directive solves this problem.
+ *
+ * The wrong way to write it:
+ * <pre>
+ * <a href="http://www.gravatar.com/avatar/{{hash}}"/>
+ * </pre>
+ *
+ * The correct way to write it:
+ * <pre>
+ * <a ng-href="http://www.gravatar.com/avatar/{{hash}}"/>
+ * </pre>
+ *
+ * @element A
+ * @param {template} ngHref any string which can contain `{{}}` markup.
+ *
+ * @example
+ * This example shows various combinations of `href`, `ng-href` and `ng-click` attributes
+ * in links and their different behaviors:
+    <doc:example>
+      <doc:source>
+        <input ng-model="value" /><br />
+        <a id="link-1" href ng-click="value = 1">link 1</a> (link, don't reload)<br />
+        <a id="link-2" href="" ng-click="value = 2">link 2</a> (link, don't reload)<br />
+        <a id="link-3" ng-href="/{{'123'}}">link 3</a> (link, reload!)<br />
+        <a id="link-4" href="" name="xx" ng-click="value = 4">anchor</a> (link, don't reload)<br />
+        <a id="link-5" name="xxx" ng-click="value = 5">anchor</a> (no link)<br />
+        <a id="link-6" ng-href="{{value}}">link</a> (link, change location)
+      </doc:source>
+      <doc:scenario>
+        it('should execute ng-click but not reload when href without value', function() {
+          element('#link-1').click();
+          expect(input('value').val()).toEqual('1');
+          expect(element('#link-1').attr('href')).toBe("");
+        });
+
+        it('should execute ng-click but not reload when href empty string', function() {
+          element('#link-2').click();
+          expect(input('value').val()).toEqual('2');
+          expect(element('#link-2').attr('href')).toBe("");
+        });
+
+        it('should execute ng-click and change url when ng-href specified', function() {
+          expect(element('#link-3').attr('href')).toBe("/123");
+
+          element('#link-3').click();
+          expect(browser().window().path()).toEqual('/123');
+        });
+
+        it('should execute ng-click but not reload when href empty string and name specified', function() {
+          element('#link-4').click();
+          expect(input('value').val()).toEqual('4');
+          expect(element('#link-4').attr('href')).toBe('');
+        });
+
+        it('should execute ng-click but not reload when no href but name specified', function() {
+          element('#link-5').click();
+          expect(input('value').val()).toEqual('5');
+          expect(element('#link-5').attr('href')).toBe(undefined);
+        });
+
+        it('should only change url when only ng-href', function() {
+          input('value').enter('6');
+          expect(element('#link-6').attr('href')).toBe('6');
+
+          element('#link-6').click();
+          expect(browser().location().url()).toEqual('/6');
+        });
+      </doc:scenario>
+    </doc:example>
+ */
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc directive
+ * @name ng.directive:ngSrc
+ * @restrict A
+ *
+ * @description
+ * Using Angular markup like `{{hash}}` in a `src` attribute doesn't
+ * work right: The browser will fetch from the URL with the literal
+ * text `{{hash}}` until Angular replaces the expression inside
+ * `{{hash}}`. The `ngSrc` directive solves this problem.
+ *
+ * The buggy way to write it:
+ * <pre>
+ * <img src="http://www.gravatar.com/avatar/{{hash}}"/>
+ * </pre>
+ *
+ * The correct way to write it:
+ * <pre>
+ * <img ng-src="http://www.gravatar.com/avatar/{{hash}}"/>
+ * </pre>
+ *
+ * @element IMG
+ * @param {template} ngSrc any string which can contain `{{}}` markup.
+ */
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc directive
+ * @name ng.directive:ngSrcset
+ * @restrict A
+ *
+ * @description
+ * Using Angular markup like `{{hash}}` in a `srcset` attribute doesn't
+ * work right: The browser will fetch from the URL with the literal
+ * text `{{hash}}` until Angular replaces the expression inside
+ * `{{hash}}`. The `ngSrcset` directive solves this problem.
+ *
+ * The buggy way to write it:
+ * <pre>
+ * <img srcset="http://www.gravatar.com/avatar/{{hash}} 2x"/>
+ * </pre>
+ *
+ * The correct way to write it:
+ * <pre>
+ * <img ng-srcset="http://www.gravatar.com/avatar/{{hash}} 2x"/>
+ * </pre>
+ *
+ * @element IMG
+ * @param {template} ngSrcset any string which can contain `{{}}` markup.
+ */
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc directive
+ * @name ng.directive:ngDisabled
+ * @restrict A
+ *
+ * @description
+ *
+ * The following markup will make the button enabled on Chrome/Firefox but not on IE8 and older IEs:
+ * <pre>
+ * <div ng-init="scope = { isDisabled: false }">
+ *  <button disabled="{{scope.isDisabled}}">Disabled</button>
+ * </div>
+ * </pre>
+ *
+ * The HTML specification does not require browsers to preserve the values of boolean attributes
+ * such as disabled. (Their presence means true and their absence means false.)
+ * If we put an Angular interpolation expression into such an attribute then the
+ * binding information would be lost when the browser removes the attribute.
+ * The `ngDisabled` directive solves this problem for the `disabled` attribute.
+ * This complementary directive is not removed by the browser and so provides
+ * a permanent reliable place to store the binding information.
+ *
+ * @example
+    <doc:example>
+      <doc:source>
+        Click me to toggle: <input type="checkbox" ng-model="checked"><br/>
+        <button ng-model="button" ng-disabled="checked">Button</button>
+      </doc:source>
+      <doc:scenario>
+        it('should toggle button', function() {
+          expect(element('.doc-example-live :button').prop('disabled')).toBeFalsy();
+          input('checked').check();
+          expect(element('.doc-example-live :button').prop('disabled')).toBeTruthy();
+        });
+      </doc:scenario>
+    </doc:example>
+ *
+ * @element INPUT
+ * @param {expression} ngDisabled If the {@link guide/expression expression} is truthy, 
+ *     then special attribute "disabled" will be set on the element
+ */
+
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc directive
+ * @name ng.directive:ngChecked
+ * @restrict A
+ *
+ * @description
+ * The HTML specification does not require browsers to preserve the values of boolean attributes
+ * such as checked. (Their presence means true and their absence means false.)
+ * If we put an Angular interpolation expression into such an attribute then the
+ * binding information would be lost when the browser removes the attribute.
+ * The `ngChecked` directive solves this problem for the `checked` attribute.
+ * This complementary directive is not removed by the browser and so provides
+ * a permanent reliable place to store the binding information.
+ * @example
+    <doc:example>
+      <doc:source>
+        Check me to check both: <input type="checkbox" ng-model="master"><br/>
+        <input id="checkSlave" type="checkbox" ng-checked="master">
+      </doc:source>
+      <doc:scenario>
+        it('should check both checkBoxes', function() {
+          expect(element('.doc-example-live #checkSlave').prop('checked')).toBeFalsy();
+          input('master').check();
+          expect(element('.doc-example-live #checkSlave').prop('checked')).toBeTruthy();
+        });
+      </doc:scenario>
+    </doc:example>
+ *
+ * @element INPUT
+ * @param {expression} ngChecked If the {@link guide/expression expression} is truthy, 
+ *     then special attribute "checked" will be set on the element
+ */
+
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc directive
+ * @name ng.directive:ngReadonly
+ * @restrict A
+ *
+ * @description
+ * The HTML specification does not require browsers to preserve the values of boolean attributes
+ * such as readonly. (Their presence means true and their absence means false.)
+ * If we put an Angular interpolation expression into such an attribute then the
+ * binding information would be lost when the browser removes the attribute.
+ * The `ngReadonly` directive solves this problem for the `readonly` attribute.
+ * This complementary directive is not removed by the browser and so provides
+ * a permanent reliable place to store the binding information.
+
+ * @example
+    <doc:example>
+      <doc:source>
+        Check me to make text readonly: <input type="checkbox" ng-model="checked"><br/>
+        <input type="text" ng-readonly="checked" value="I'm Angular"/>
+      </doc:source>
+      <doc:scenario>
+        it('should toggle readonly attr', function() {
+          expect(element('.doc-example-live :text').prop('readonly')).toBeFalsy();
+          input('checked').check();
+          expect(element('.doc-example-live :text').prop('readonly')).toBeTruthy();
+        });
+      </doc:scenario>
+    </doc:example>
+ *
+ * @element INPUT
+ * @param {expression} ngReadonly If the {@link guide/expression expression} is truthy, 
+ *     then special attribute "readonly" will be set on the element
+ */
+
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc directive
+ * @name ng.directive:ngSelected
+ * @restrict A
+ *
+ * @description
+ * The HTML specification does not require browsers to preserve the values of boolean attributes
+ * such as selected. (Their presence means true and their absence means false.)
+ * If we put an Angular interpolation expression into such an attribute then the
+ * binding information would be lost when the browser removes the attribute.
+ * The `ngSelected` directive solves this problem for the `selected` atttribute.
+ * This complementary directive is not removed by the browser and so provides
+ * a permanent reliable place to store the binding information.
+ * @example
+    <doc:example>
+      <doc:source>
+        Check me to select: <input type="checkbox" ng-model="selected"><br/>
+        <select>
+          <option>Hello!</option>
+          <option id="greet" ng-selected="selected">Greetings!</option>
+        </select>
+      </doc:source>
+      <doc:scenario>
+        it('should select Greetings!', function() {
+          expect(element('.doc-example-live #greet').prop('selected')).toBeFalsy();
+          input('selected').check();
+          expect(element('.doc-example-live #greet').prop('selected')).toBeTruthy();
+        });
+      </doc:scenario>
+    </doc:example>
+ *
+ * @element OPTION
+ * @param {expression} ngSelected If the {@link guide/expression expression} is truthy, 
+ *     then special attribute "selected" will be set on the element
+ */
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc directive
+ * @name ng.directive:ngOpen
+ * @restrict A
+ *
+ * @description
+ * The HTML specification does not require browsers to preserve the values of boolean attributes
+ * such as open. (Their presence means true and their absence means false.)
+ * If we put an Angular interpolation expression into such an attribute then the
+ * binding information would be lost when the browser removes the attribute.
+ * The `ngOpen` directive solves this problem for the `open` attribute.
+ * This complementary directive is not removed by the browser and so provides
+ * a permanent reliable place to store the binding information.
+
+ *
+ * @example
+     <doc:example>
+       <doc:source>
+         Check me check multiple: <input type="checkbox" ng-model="open"><br/>
+         <details id="details" ng-open="open">
+            <summary>Show/Hide me</summary>
+         </details>
+       </doc:source>
+       <doc:scenario>
+         it('should toggle open', function() {
+           expect(element('#details').prop('open')).toBeFalsy();
+           input('open').check();
+           expect(element('#details').prop('open')).toBeTruthy();
+         });
+       </doc:scenario>
+     </doc:example>
+ *
+ * @element DETAILS
+ * @param {expression} ngOpen If the {@link guide/expression expression} is truthy, 
+ *     then special attribute "open" will be set on the element
+ */
+
+var ngAttributeAliasDirectives = {};
+
+
+// boolean attrs are evaluated
+forEach(BOOLEAN_ATTR, function(propName, attrName) {
+  // binding to multiple is not supported
+  if (propName == "multiple") return;
+
+  var normalized = directiveNormalize('ng-' + attrName);
+  ngAttributeAliasDirectives[normalized] = function() {
+    return {
+      priority: 100,
+      compile: function() {
+        return function(scope, element, attr) {
+          scope.$watch(attr[normalized], function ngBooleanAttrWatchAction(value) {
+            attr.$set(attrName, !!value);
+          });
+        };
+      }
+    };
+  };
+});
+
+
+// ng-src, ng-srcset, ng-href are interpolated
+forEach(['src', 'srcset', 'href'], function(attrName) {
+  var normalized = directiveNormalize('ng-' + attrName);
+  ngAttributeAliasDirectives[normalized] = function() {
+    return {
+      priority: 99, // it needs to run after the attributes are interpolated
+      link: function(scope, element, attr) {
+        attr.$observe(normalized, function(value) {
+          if (!value)
+             return;
+
+          attr.$set(attrName, value);
+
+          // on IE, if "ng:src" directive declaration is used and "src" attribute doesn't exist
+          // then calling element.setAttribute('src', 'foo') doesn't do anything, so we need
+          // to set the property as well to achieve the desired effect.
+          // we use attr[attrName] value since $set can sanitize the url.
+          if (msie) element.prop(attrName, attr[attrName]);
+        });
+      }
+    };
+  };
+});
+
+/* global -nullFormCtrl */
+var nullFormCtrl = {
+  $addControl: noop,
+  $removeControl: noop,
+  $setValidity: noop,
+  $setDirty: noop,
+  $setPristine: noop
+};
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc object
+ * @name ng.directive:form.FormController
+ *
+ * @property {boolean} $pristine True if user has not interacted with the form yet.
+ * @property {boolean} $dirty True if user has already interacted with the form.
+ * @property {boolean} $valid True if all of the containing forms and controls are valid.
+ * @property {boolean} $invalid True if at least one containing control or form is invalid.
+ *
+ * @property {Object} $error Is an object hash, containing references to all invalid controls or
+ *  forms, where:
+ *
+ *  - keys are validation tokens (error names),
+ *  - values are arrays of controls or forms that are invalid for given error name.
+ *
+ *
+ *  Built-in validation tokens:
+ *
+ *  - `email`
+ *  - `max`
+ *  - `maxlength`
+ *  - `min`
+ *  - `minlength`
+ *  - `number`
+ *  - `pattern`
+ *  - `required`
+ *  - `url`
+ * 
+ * @description
+ * `FormController` keeps track of all its controls and nested forms as well as state of them,
+ * such as being valid/invalid or dirty/pristine.
+ *
+ * Each {@link ng.directive:form form} directive creates an instance
+ * of `FormController`.
+ *
+ */
+//asks for $scope to fool the BC controller module
+FormController.$inject = ['$element', '$attrs', '$scope'];
+function FormController(element, attrs) {
+  var form = this,
+      parentForm = element.parent().controller('form') || nullFormCtrl,
+      invalidCount = 0, // used to easily determine if we are valid
+      errors = form.$error = {},
+      controls = [];
+
+  // init state
+  form.$name = attrs.name || attrs.ngForm;
+  form.$dirty = false;
+  form.$pristine = true;
+  form.$valid = true;
+  form.$invalid = false;
+
+  parentForm.$addControl(form);
+
+  // Setup initial state of the control
+  element.addClass(PRISTINE_CLASS);
+  toggleValidCss(true);
+
+  // convenience method for easy toggling of classes
+  function toggleValidCss(isValid, validationErrorKey) {
+    validationErrorKey = validationErrorKey ? '-' + snake_case(validationErrorKey, '-') : '';
+    element.
+      removeClass((isValid ? INVALID_CLASS : VALID_CLASS) + validationErrorKey).
+      addClass((isValid ? VALID_CLASS : INVALID_CLASS) + validationErrorKey);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc function
+   * @name ng.directive:form.FormController#$addControl
+   * @methodOf ng.directive:form.FormController
+   *
+   * @description
+   * Register a control with the form.
+   *
+   * Input elements using ngModelController do this automatically when they are linked.
+   */
+  form.$addControl = function(control) {
+    // Breaking change - before, inputs whose name was "hasOwnProperty" were quietly ignored
+    // and not added to the scope.  Now we throw an error.
+    assertNotHasOwnProperty(control.$name, 'input');
+    controls.push(control);
+
+    if (control.$name) {
+      form[control.$name] = control;
+    }
+  };
+
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc function
+   * @name ng.directive:form.FormController#$removeControl
+   * @methodOf ng.directive:form.FormController
+   *
+   * @description
+   * Deregister a control from the form.
+   *
+   * Input elements using ngModelController do this automatically when they are destroyed.
+   */
+  form.$removeControl = function(control) {
+    if (control.$name && form[control.$name] === control) {
+      delete form[control.$name];
+    }
+    forEach(errors, function(queue, validationToken) {
+      form.$setValidity(validationToken, true, control);
+    });
+
+    arrayRemove(controls, control);
+  };
+
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc function
+   * @name ng.directive:form.FormController#$setValidity
+   * @methodOf ng.directive:form.FormController
+   *
+   * @description
+   * Sets the validity of a form control.
+   *
+   * This method will also propagate to parent forms.
+   */
+  form.$setValidity = function(validationToken, isValid, control) {
+    var queue = errors[validationToken];
+
+    if (isValid) {
+      if (queue) {
+        arrayRemove(queue, control);
+        if (!queue.length) {
+          invalidCount--;
+          if (!invalidCount) {
+            toggleValidCss(isValid);
+            form.$valid = true;
+            form.$invalid = false;
+          }
+          errors[validationToken] = false;
+          toggleValidCss(true, validationToken);
+          parentForm.$setValidity(validationToken, true, form);
+        }
+      }
+
+    } else {
+      if (!invalidCount) {
+        toggleValidCss(isValid);
+      }
+      if (queue) {
+        if (includes(queue, control)) return;
+      } else {
+        errors[validationToken] = queue = [];
+        invalidCount++;
+        toggleValidCss(false, validationToken);
+        parentForm.$setValidity(validationToken, false, form);
+      }
+      queue.push(control);
+
+      form.$valid = false;
+      form.$invalid = true;
+    }
+  };
+
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc function
+   * @name ng.directive:form.FormController#$setDirty
+   * @methodOf ng.directive:form.FormController
+   *
+   * @description
+   * Sets the form to a dirty state.
+   *
+   * This method can be called to add the 'ng-dirty' class and set the form to a dirty
+   * state (ng-dirty class). This method will also propagate to parent forms.
+   */
+  form.$setDirty = function() {
+    element.removeClass(PRISTINE_CLASS).addClass(DIRTY_CLASS);
+    form.$dirty = true;
+    form.$pristine = false;
+    parentForm.$setDirty();
+  };
+
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc function
+   * @name ng.directive:form.FormController#$setPristine
+   * @methodOf ng.directive:form.FormController
+   *
+   * @description
+   * Sets the form to its pristine state.
+   *
+   * This method can be called to remove the 'ng-dirty' class and set the form to its pristine
+   * state (ng-pristine class). This method will also propagate to all the controls contained
+   * in this form.
+   *
+   * Setting a form back to a pristine state is often useful when we want to 'reuse' a form after
+   * saving or resetting it.
+   */
+  form.$setPristine = function () {
+    element.removeClass(DIRTY_CLASS).addClass(PRISTINE_CLASS);
+    form.$dirty = false;
+    form.$pristine = true;
+    forEach(controls, function(control) {
+      control.$setPristine();
+    });
+  };
+}
+
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc directive
+ * @name ng.directive:ngForm
+ * @restrict EAC
+ *
+ * @description
+ * Nestable alias of {@link ng.directive:form `form`} directive. HTML
+ * does not allow nesting of form elements. It is useful to nest forms, for example if the validity of a
+ * sub-group of controls needs to be determined.
+ *
+ * @param {string=} ngForm|name Name of the form. If specified, the form controller will be published into
+ *                       related scope, under this name.
+ *
+ */
+
+ /**
+ * @ngdoc directive
+ * @name ng.directive:form
+ * @restrict E
+ *
+ * @description
+ * Directive that instantiates
+ * {@link ng.directive:form.FormController FormController}.
+ *
+ * If the `name` attribute is specified, the form controller is published onto the current scope under
+ * this name.
+ *
+ * # Alias: {@link ng.directive:ngForm `ngForm`}
+ *
+ * In Angular forms can be nested. This means that the outer form is valid when all of the child
+ * forms are valid as well. However, browsers do not allow nesting of `<form>` elements, so
+ * Angular provides the {@link ng.directive:ngForm `ngForm`} directive which behaves identically to
+ * `<form>` but can be nested.  This allows you to have nested forms, which is very useful when
+ * using Angular validation directives in forms that are dynamically generated using the
+ * {@link ng.directive:ngRepeat `ngRepeat`} directive. Since you cannot dynamically generate the `name`
+ * attribute of input elements using interpolation, you have to wrap each set of repeated inputs in an
+ * `ngForm` directive and nest these in an outer `form` element.
+ *
+ *
+ * # CSS classes
+ *  - `ng-valid` Is set if the form is valid.
+ *  - `ng-invalid` Is set if the form is invalid.
+ *  - `ng-pristine` Is set if the form is pristine.
+ *  - `ng-dirty` Is set if the form is dirty.
+ *
+ *
+ * # Submitting a form and preventing the default action
+ *
+ * Since the role of forms in client-side Angular applications is different than in classical
+ * roundtrip apps, it is desirable for the browser not to translate the form submission into a full
+ * page reload that sends the data to the server. Instead some javascript logic should be triggered
+ * to handle the form submission in an application-specific way.
+ *
+ * For this reason, Angular prevents the default action (form submission to the server) unless the
+ * `<form>` element has an `action` attribute specified.
+ *
+ * You can use one of the following two ways to specify what javascript method should be called when
+ * a form is submitted:
+ *
+ * - {@link ng.directive:ngSubmit ngSubmit} directive on the form element
+ * - {@link ng.directive:ngClick ngClick} directive on the first
+  *  button or input field of type submit (input[type=submit])
+ *
+ * To prevent double execution of the handler, use only one of the {@link ng.directive:ngSubmit ngSubmit}
+ * or {@link ng.directive:ngClick ngClick} directives.
+ * This is because of the following form submission rules in the HTML specification:
+ *
+ * - If a form has only one input field then hitting enter in this field triggers form submit
+ * (`ngSubmit`)
+ * - if a form has 2+ input fields and no buttons or input[type=submit] then hitting enter
+ * doesn't trigger submit
+ * - if a form has one or more input fields and one or more buttons or input[type=submit] then
+ * hitting enter in any of the input fields will trigger the click handler on the *first* button or
+ * input[type=submit] (`ngClick`) *and* a submit handler on the enclosing form (`ngSubmit`)
+ *
+ * @param {string=} name Name of the form. If specified, the form controller will be published into
+ *                       related scope, under this name.
+ *
+ * @example
+    <doc:example>
+      <doc:source>
+       <script>
+         function Ctrl($scope) {
+           $scope.userType = 'guest';
+         }
+       </script>
+       <form name="myForm" ng-controller="Ctrl">
+         userType: <input name="input" ng-model="userType" required>
+         <span class="error" ng-show="myForm.input.$error.required">Required!</span><br>
+         <tt>userType = {{userType}}</tt><br>
+         <tt>myForm.input.$valid = {{myForm.input.$valid}}</tt><br>
+         <tt>myForm.input.$error = {{myForm.input.$error}}</tt><br>
+         <tt>myForm.$valid = {{myForm.$valid}}</tt><br>
+         <tt>myForm.$error.required = {{!!myForm.$error.required}}</tt><br>
+        </form>
+      </doc:source>
+      <doc:scenario>
+        it('should initialize to model', function() {
+         expect(binding('userType')).toEqual('guest');
+         expect(binding('myForm.input.$valid')).toEqual('true');
+        });
+
+        it('should be invalid if empty', function() {
+         input('userType').enter('');
+         expect(binding('userType')).toEqual('');
+         expect(binding('myForm.input.$valid')).toEqual('false');
+        });
+      </doc:scenario>
+    </doc:example>
+ */
+var formDirectiveFactory = function(isNgForm) {
+  return ['$timeout', function($timeout) {
+    var formDirective = {
+      name: 'form',
+      restrict: isNgForm ? 'EAC' : 'E',
+      controller: FormController,
+      compile: function() {
+        return {
+          pre: function(scope, formElement, attr, controller) {
+            if (!attr.action) {
+              // we can't use jq events because if a form is destroyed during submission the default
+              // action is not prevented. see #1238
+              //
+              // IE 9 is not affected because it doesn't fire a submit event and try to do a full
+              // page reload if the form was destroyed by submission of the form via a click handler
+              // on a button in the form. Looks like an IE9 specific bug.
+              var preventDefaultListener = function(event) {
+                event.preventDefault
+                  ? event.preventDefault()
+                  : event.returnValue = false; // IE
+              };
+
+              addEventListenerFn(formElement[0], 'submit', preventDefaultListener);
+
+              // unregister the preventDefault listener so that we don't not leak memory but in a
+              // way that will achieve the prevention of the default action.
+              formElement.on('$destroy', function() {
+                $timeout(function() {
+                  removeEventListenerFn(formElement[0], 'submit', preventDefaultListener);
+                }, 0, false);
+              });
+            }
+
+            var parentFormCtrl = formElement.parent().controller('form'),
+                alias = attr.name || attr.ngForm;
+
+            if (alias) {
+              setter(scope, alias, controller, alias);
+            }
+            if (parentFormCtrl) {
+              formElement.on('$destroy', function() {
+                parentFormCtrl.$removeControl(controller);
+                if (alias) {
+                  setter(scope, alias, undefined, alias);
+                }
+                extend(controller, nullFormCtrl); //stop propagating child destruction handlers upwards
+              });
+            }
+          }
+        };
+      }
+    };
+
+    return formDirective;
+  }];
+};
+
+var formDirective = formDirectiveFactory();
+var ngFormDirective = formDirectiveFactory(true);
+
+/* global
+
+    -VALID_CLASS,
+    -INVALID_CLASS,
+    -PRISTINE_CLASS,
+    -DIRTY_CLASS
+*/
+
+var URL_REGEXP = /^(ftp|http|https):\/\/(\w+:{0,1}\w*@)?(\S+)(:[0-9]+)?(\/|\/([\w#!:.?+=&%@!\-\/]))?$/;
+var EMAIL_REGEXP = /^[A-Za-z0-9._%+-]+@[A-Za-z0-9.-]+\.[A-Za-z]{2,6}$/;
+var NUMBER_REGEXP = /^\s*(\-|\+)?(\d+|(\d*(\.\d*)))\s*$/;
+
+var inputType = {
+
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc inputType
+   * @name ng.directive:input.text
+   *
+   * @description
+   * Standard HTML text input with angular data binding.
+   *
+   * @param {string} ngModel Assignable angular expression to data-bind to.
+   * @param {string=} name Property name of the form under which the control is published.
+   * @param {string=} required Adds `required` validation error key if the value is not entered.
+   * @param {string=} ngRequired Adds `required` attribute and `required` validation constraint to
+   *    the element when the ngRequired expression evaluates to true. Use `ngRequired` instead of
+   *    `required` when you want to data-bind to the `required` attribute.
+   * @param {number=} ngMinlength Sets `minlength` validation error key if the value is shorter than
+   *    minlength.
+   * @param {number=} ngMaxlength Sets `maxlength` validation error key if the value is longer than
+   *    maxlength.
+   * @param {string=} ngPattern Sets `pattern` validation error key if the value does not match the
+   *    RegExp pattern expression. Expected value is `/regexp/` for inline patterns or `regexp` for
+   *    patterns defined as scope expressions.
+   * @param {string=} ngChange Angular expression to be executed when input changes due to user
+   *    interaction with the input element.
+   * @param {boolean=} [ngTrim=true] If set to false Angular will not automatically trim the input.
+   *
+   * @example
+      <doc:example>
+        <doc:source>
+         <script>
+           function Ctrl($scope) {
+             $scope.text = 'guest';
+             $scope.word = /^\s*\w*\s*$/;
+           }
+         </script>
+         <form name="myForm" ng-controller="Ctrl">
+           Single word: <input type="text" name="input" ng-model="text"
+                               ng-pattern="word" required ng-trim="false">
+           <span class="error" ng-show="myForm.input.$error.required">
+             Required!</span>
+           <span class="error" ng-show="myForm.input.$error.pattern">
+             Single word only!</span>
+
+           <tt>text = {{text}}</tt><br/>
+           <tt>myForm.input.$valid = {{myForm.input.$valid}}</tt><br/>
+           <tt>myForm.input.$error = {{myForm.input.$error}}</tt><br/>
+           <tt>myForm.$valid = {{myForm.$valid}}</tt><br/>
+           <tt>myForm.$error.required = {{!!myForm.$error.required}}</tt><br/>
+          </form>
+        </doc:source>
+        <doc:scenario>
+          it('should initialize to model', function() {
+            expect(binding('text')).toEqual('guest');
+            expect(binding('myForm.input.$valid')).toEqual('true');
+          });
+
+          it('should be invalid if empty', function() {
+            input('text').enter('');
+            expect(binding('text')).toEqual('');
+            expect(binding('myForm.input.$valid')).toEqual('false');
+          });
+
+          it('should be invalid if multi word', function() {
+            input('text').enter('hello world');
+            expect(binding('myForm.input.$valid')).toEqual('false');
+          });
+
+          it('should not be trimmed', function() {
+            input('text').enter('untrimmed ');
+            expect(binding('text')).toEqual('untrimmed ');
+            expect(binding('myForm.input.$valid')).toEqual('true');
+          });
+        </doc:scenario>
+      </doc:example>
+   */
+  'text': textInputType,
+
+
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc inputType
+   * @name ng.directive:input.number
+   *
+   * @description
+   * Text input with number validation and transformation. Sets the `number` validation
+   * error if not a valid number.
+   *
+   * @param {string} ngModel Assignable angular expression to data-bind to.
+   * @param {string=} name Property name of the form under which the control is published.
+   * @param {string=} min Sets the `min` validation error key if the value entered is less than `min`.
+   * @param {string=} max Sets the `max` validation error key if the value entered is greater than `max`.
+   * @param {string=} required Sets `required` validation error key if the value is not entered.
+   * @param {string=} ngRequired Adds `required` attribute and `required` validation constraint to
+   *    the element when the ngRequired expression evaluates to true. Use `ngRequired` instead of
+   *    `required` when you want to data-bind to the `required` attribute.
+   * @param {number=} ngMinlength Sets `minlength` validation error key if the value is shorter than
+   *    minlength.
+   * @param {number=} ngMaxlength Sets `maxlength` validation error key if the value is longer than
+   *    maxlength.
+   * @param {string=} ngPattern Sets `pattern` validation error key if the value does not match the
+   *    RegExp pattern expression. Expected value is `/regexp/` for inline patterns or `regexp` for
+   *    patterns defined as scope expressions.
+   * @param {string=} ngChange Angular expression to be executed when input changes due to user
+   *    interaction with the input element.
+   *
+   * @example
+      <doc:example>
+        <doc:source>
+         <script>
+           function Ctrl($scope) {
+             $scope.value = 12;
+           }
+         </script>
+         <form name="myForm" ng-controller="Ctrl">
+           Number: <input type="number" name="input" ng-model="value"
+                          min="0" max="99" required>
+           <span class="error" ng-show="myForm.input.$error.required">
+             Required!</span>
+           <span class="error" ng-show="myForm.input.$error.number">
+             Not valid number!</span>
+           <tt>value = {{value}}</tt><br/>
+           <tt>myForm.input.$valid = {{myForm.input.$valid}}</tt><br/>
+           <tt>myForm.input.$error = {{myForm.input.$error}}</tt><br/>
+           <tt>myForm.$valid = {{myForm.$valid}}</tt><br/>
+           <tt>myForm.$error.required = {{!!myForm.$error.required}}</tt><br/>
+          </form>
+        </doc:source>
+        <doc:scenario>
+          it('should initialize to model', function() {
+           expect(binding('value')).toEqual('12');
+           expect(binding('myForm.input.$valid')).toEqual('true');
+          });
+
+          it('should be invalid if empty', function() {
+           input('value').enter('');
+           expect(binding('value')).toEqual('');
+           expect(binding('myForm.input.$valid')).toEqual('false');
+          });
+
+          it('should be invalid if over max', function() {
+           input('value').enter('123');
+           expect(binding('value')).toEqual('');
+           expect(binding('myForm.input.$valid')).toEqual('false');
+          });
+        </doc:scenario>
+      </doc:example>
+   */
+  'number': numberInputType,
+
+
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc inputType
+   * @name ng.directive:input.url
+   *
+   * @description
+   * Text input with URL validation. Sets the `url` validation error key if the content is not a
+   * valid URL.
+   *
+   * @param {string} ngModel Assignable angular expression to data-bind to.
+   * @param {string=} name Property name of the form under which the control is published.
+   * @param {string=} required Sets `required` validation error key if the value is not entered.
+   * @param {string=} ngRequired Adds `required` attribute and `required` validation constraint to
+   *    the element when the ngRequired expression evaluates to true. Use `ngRequired` instead of
+   *    `required` when you want to data-bind to the `required` attribute.
+   * @param {number=} ngMinlength Sets `minlength` validation error key if the value is shorter than
+   *    minlength.
+   * @param {number=} ngMaxlength Sets `maxlength` validation error key if the value is longer than
+   *    maxlength.
+   * @param {string=} ngPattern Sets `pattern` validation error key if the value does not match the
+   *    RegExp pattern expression. Expected value is `/regexp/` for inline patterns or `regexp` for
+   *    patterns defined as scope expressions.
+   * @param {string=} ngChange Angular expression to be executed when input changes due to user
+   *    interaction with the input element.
+   *
+   * @example
+      <doc:example>
+        <doc:source>
+         <script>
+           function Ctrl($scope) {
+             $scope.text = 'http://google.com';
+           }
+         </script>
+         <form name="myForm" ng-controller="Ctrl">
+           URL: <input type="url" name="input" ng-model="text" required>
+           <span class="error" ng-show="myForm.input.$error.required">
+             Required!</span>
+           <span class="error" ng-show="myForm.input.$error.url">
+             Not valid url!</span>
+           <tt>text = {{text}}</tt><br/>
+           <tt>myForm.input.$valid = {{myForm.input.$valid}}</tt><br/>
+           <tt>myForm.input.$error = {{myForm.input.$error}}</tt><br/>
+           <tt>myForm.$valid = {{myForm.$valid}}</tt><br/>
+           <tt>myForm.$error.required = {{!!myForm.$error.required}}</tt><br/>
+           <tt>myForm.$error.url = {{!!myForm.$error.url}}</tt><br/>
+          </form>
+        </doc:source>
+        <doc:scenario>
+          it('should initialize to model', function() {
+            expect(binding('text')).toEqual('http://google.com');
+            expect(binding('myForm.input.$valid')).toEqual('true');
+          });
+
+          it('should be invalid if empty', function() {
+            input('text').enter('');
+            expect(binding('text')).toEqual('');
+            expect(binding('myForm.input.$valid')).toEqual('false');
+          });
+
+          it('should be invalid if not url', function() {
+            input('text').enter('xxx');
+            expect(binding('myForm.input.$valid')).toEqual('false');
+          });
+        </doc:scenario>
+      </doc:example>
+   */
+  'url': urlInputType,
+
+
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc inputType
+   * @name ng.directive:input.email
+   *
+   * @description
+   * Text input with email validation. Sets the `email` validation error key if not a valid email
+   * address.
+   *
+   * @param {string} ngModel Assignable angular expression to data-bind to.
+   * @param {string=} name Property name of the form under which the control is published.
+   * @param {string=} required Sets `required` validation error key if the value is not entered.
+   * @param {string=} ngRequired Adds `required` attribute and `required` validation constraint to
+   *    the element when the ngRequired expression evaluates to true. Use `ngRequired` instead of
+   *    `required` when you want to data-bind to the `required` attribute.
+   * @param {number=} ngMinlength Sets `minlength` validation error key if the value is shorter than
+   *    minlength.
+   * @param {number=} ngMaxlength Sets `maxlength` validation error key if the value is longer than
+   *    maxlength.
+   * @param {string=} ngPattern Sets `pattern` validation error key if the value does not match the
+   *    RegExp pattern expression. Expected value is `/regexp/` for inline patterns or `regexp` for
+   *    patterns defined as scope expressions.
+   * @param {string=} ngChange Angular expression to be executed when input changes due to user
+   *    interaction with the input element.
+   *
+   * @example
+      <doc:example>
+        <doc:source>
+         <script>
+           function Ctrl($scope) {
+             $scope.text = '[email protected]';
+           }
+         </script>
+           <form name="myForm" ng-controller="Ctrl">
+             Email: <input type="email" name="input" ng-model="text" required>
+             <span class="error" ng-show="myForm.input.$error.required">
+               Required!</span>
+             <span class="error" ng-show="myForm.input.$error.email">
+               Not valid email!</span>
+             <tt>text = {{text}}</tt><br/>
+             <tt>myForm.input.$valid = {{myForm.input.$valid}}</tt><br/>
+             <tt>myForm.input.$error = {{myForm.input.$error}}</tt><br/>
+             <tt>myForm.$valid = {{myForm.$valid}}</tt><br/>
+             <tt>myForm.$error.required = {{!!myForm.$error.required}}</tt><br/>
+             <tt>myForm.$error.email = {{!!myForm.$error.email}}</tt><br/>
+           </form>
+        </doc:source>
+        <doc:scenario>
+          it('should initialize to model', function() {
+            expect(binding('text')).toEqual('[email protected]');
+            expect(binding('myForm.input.$valid')).toEqual('true');
+          });
+
+          it('should be invalid if empty', function() {
+            input('text').enter('');
+            expect(binding('text')).toEqual('');
+            expect(binding('myForm.input.$valid')).toEqual('false');
+          });
+
+          it('should be invalid if not email', function() {
+            input('text').enter('xxx');
+            expect(binding('myForm.input.$valid')).toEqual('false');
+          });
+        </doc:scenario>
+      </doc:example>
+   */
+  'email': emailInputType,
+
+
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc inputType
+   * @name ng.directive:input.radio
+   *
+   * @description
+   * HTML radio button.
+   *
+   * @param {string} ngModel Assignable angular expression to data-bind to.
+   * @param {string} value The value to which the expression should be set when selected.
+   * @param {string=} name Property name of the form under which the control is published.
+   * @param {string=} ngChange Angular expression to be executed when input changes due to user
+   *    interaction with the input element.
+   *
+   * @example
+      <doc:example>
+        <doc:source>
+         <script>
+           function Ctrl($scope) {
+             $scope.color = 'blue';
+           }
+         </script>
+         <form name="myForm" ng-controller="Ctrl">
+           <input type="radio" ng-model="color" value="red">  Red <br/>
+           <input type="radio" ng-model="color" value="green"> Green <br/>
+           <input type="radio" ng-model="color" value="blue"> Blue <br/>
+           <tt>color = {{color}}</tt><br/>
+          </form>
+        </doc:source>
+        <doc:scenario>
+          it('should change state', function() {
+            expect(binding('color')).toEqual('blue');
+
+            input('color').select('red');
+            expect(binding('color')).toEqual('red');
+          });
+        </doc:scenario>
+      </doc:example>
+   */
+  'radio': radioInputType,
+
+
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc inputType
+   * @name ng.directive:input.checkbox
+   *
+   * @description
+   * HTML checkbox.
+   *
+   * @param {string} ngModel Assignable angular expression to data-bind to.
+   * @param {string=} name Property name of the form under which the control is published.
+   * @param {string=} ngTrueValue The value to which the expression should be set when selected.
+   * @param {string=} ngFalseValue The value to which the expression should be set when not selected.
+   * @param {string=} ngChange Angular expression to be executed when input changes due to user
+   *    interaction with the input element.
+   *
+   * @example
+      <doc:example>
+        <doc:source>
+         <script>
+           function Ctrl($scope) {
+             $scope.value1 = true;
+             $scope.value2 = 'YES'
+           }
+         </script>
+         <form name="myForm" ng-controller="Ctrl">
+           Value1: <input type="checkbox" ng-model="value1"> <br/>
+           Value2: <input type="checkbox" ng-model="value2"
+                          ng-true-value="YES" ng-false-value="NO"> <br/>
+           <tt>value1 = {{value1}}</tt><br/>
+           <tt>value2 = {{value2}}</tt><br/>
+          </form>
+        </doc:source>
+        <doc:scenario>
+          it('should change state', function() {
+            expect(binding('value1')).toEqual('true');
+            expect(binding('value2')).toEqual('YES');
+
+            input('value1').check();
+            input('value2').check();
+            expect(binding('value1')).toEqual('false');
+            expect(binding('value2')).toEqual('NO');
+          });
+        </doc:scenario>
+      </doc:example>
+   */
+  'checkbox': checkboxInputType,
+
+  'hidden': noop,
+  'button': noop,
+  'submit': noop,
+  'reset': noop
+};
+
+
+function textInputType(scope, element, attr, ctrl, $sniffer, $browser) {
+  // In composition mode, users are still inputing intermediate text buffer,
+  // hold the listener until composition is done.
+  // More about composition events: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/CompositionEvent
+  var composing = false;
+
+  element.on('compositionstart', function() {
+    composing = true;
+  });
+
+  element.on('compositionend', function() {
+    composing = false;
+  });
+
+  var listener = function() {
+    if (composing) return;
+    var value = element.val();
+
+    // By default we will trim the value
+    // If the attribute ng-trim exists we will avoid trimming
+    // e.g. <input ng-model="foo" ng-trim="false">
+    if (toBoolean(attr.ngTrim || 'T')) {
+      value = trim(value);
+    }
+
+    if (ctrl.$viewValue !== value) {
+      scope.$apply(function() {
+        ctrl.$setViewValue(value);
+      });
+    }
+  };
+
+  // if the browser does support "input" event, we are fine - except on IE9 which doesn't fire the
+  // input event on backspace, delete or cut
+  if ($sniffer.hasEvent('input')) {
+    element.on('input', listener);
+  } else {
+    var timeout;
+
+    var deferListener = function() {
+      if (!timeout) {
+        timeout = $browser.defer(function() {
+          listener();
+          timeout = null;
+        });
+      }
+    };
+
+    element.on('keydown', function(event) {
+      var key = event.keyCode;
+
+      // ignore
+      //    command            modifiers                   arrows
+      if (key === 91 || (15 < key && key < 19) || (37 <= key && key <= 40)) return;
+
+      deferListener();
+    });
+
+    // if user modifies input value using context menu in IE, we need "paste" and "cut" events to catch it
+    if ($sniffer.hasEvent('paste')) {
+      element.on('paste cut', deferListener);
+    }
+  }
+
+  // if user paste into input using mouse on older browser
+  // or form autocomplete on newer browser, we need "change" event to catch it
+  element.on('change', listener);
+
+  ctrl.$render = function() {
+    element.val(ctrl.$isEmpty(ctrl.$viewValue) ? '' : ctrl.$viewValue);
+  };
+
+  // pattern validator
+  var pattern = attr.ngPattern,
+      patternValidator,
+      match;
+
+  var validate = function(regexp, value) {
+    if (ctrl.$isEmpty(value) || regexp.test(value)) {
+      ctrl.$setValidity('pattern', true);
+      return value;
+    } else {
+      ctrl.$setValidity('pattern', false);
+      return undefined;
+    }
+  };
+
+  if (pattern) {
+    match = pattern.match(/^\/(.*)\/([gim]*)$/);
+    if (match) {
+      pattern = new RegExp(match[1], match[2]);
+      patternValidator = function(value) {
+        return validate(pattern, value);
+      };
+    } else {
+      patternValidator = function(value) {
+        var patternObj = scope.$eval(pattern);
+
+        if (!patternObj || !patternObj.test) {
+          throw minErr('ngPattern')('noregexp',
+            'Expected {0} to be a RegExp but was {1}. Element: {2}', pattern,
+            patternObj, startingTag(element));
+        }
+        return validate(patternObj, value);
+      };
+    }
+
+    ctrl.$formatters.push(patternValidator);
+    ctrl.$parsers.push(patternValidator);
+  }
+
+  // min length validator
+  if (attr.ngMinlength) {
+    var minlength = int(attr.ngMinlength);
+    var minLengthValidator = function(value) {
+      if (!ctrl.$isEmpty(value) && value.length < minlength) {
+        ctrl.$setValidity('minlength', false);
+        return undefined;
+      } else {
+        ctrl.$setValidity('minlength', true);
+        return value;
+      }
+    };
+
+    ctrl.$parsers.push(minLengthValidator);
+    ctrl.$formatters.push(minLengthValidator);
+  }
+
+  // max length validator
+  if (attr.ngMaxlength) {
+    var maxlength = int(attr.ngMaxlength);
+    var maxLengthValidator = function(value) {
+      if (!ctrl.$isEmpty(value) && value.length > maxlength) {
+        ctrl.$setValidity('maxlength', false);
+        return undefined;
+      } else {
+        ctrl.$setValidity('maxlength', true);
+        return value;
+      }
+    };
+
+    ctrl.$parsers.push(maxLengthValidator);
+    ctrl.$formatters.push(maxLengthValidator);
+  }
+}
+
+function numberInputType(scope, element, attr, ctrl, $sniffer, $browser) {
+  textInputType(scope, element, attr, ctrl, $sniffer, $browser);
+
+  ctrl.$parsers.push(function(value) {
+    var empty = ctrl.$isEmpty(value);
+    if (empty || NUMBER_REGEXP.test(value)) {
+      ctrl.$setValidity('number', true);
+      return value === '' ? null : (empty ? value : parseFloat(value));
+    } else {
+      ctrl.$setValidity('number', false);
+      return undefined;
+    }
+  });
+
+  ctrl.$formatters.push(function(value) {
+    return ctrl.$isEmpty(value) ? '' : '' + value;
+  });
+
+  if (attr.min) {
+    var minValidator = function(value) {
+      var min = parseFloat(attr.min);
+      if (!ctrl.$isEmpty(value) && value < min) {
+        ctrl.$setValidity('min', false);
+        return undefined;
+      } else {
+        ctrl.$setValidity('min', true);
+        return value;
+      }
+    };
+
+    ctrl.$parsers.push(minValidator);
+    ctrl.$formatters.push(minValidator);
+  }
+
+  if (attr.max) {
+    var maxValidator = function(value) {
+      var max = parseFloat(attr.max);
+      if (!ctrl.$isEmpty(value) && value > max) {
+        ctrl.$setValidity('max', false);
+        return undefined;
+      } else {
+        ctrl.$setValidity('max', true);
+        return value;
+      }
+    };
+
+    ctrl.$parsers.push(maxValidator);
+    ctrl.$formatters.push(maxValidator);
+  }
+
+  ctrl.$formatters.push(function(value) {
+
+    if (ctrl.$isEmpty(value) || isNumber(value)) {
+      ctrl.$setValidity('number', true);
+      return value;
+    } else {
+      ctrl.$setValidity('number', false);
+      return undefined;
+    }
+  });
+}
+
+function urlInputType(scope, element, attr, ctrl, $sniffer, $browser) {
+  textInputType(scope, element, attr, ctrl, $sniffer, $browser);
+
+  var urlValidator = function(value) {
+    if (ctrl.$isEmpty(value) || URL_REGEXP.test(value)) {
+      ctrl.$setValidity('url', true);
+      return value;
+    } else {
+      ctrl.$setValidity('url', false);
+      return undefined;
+    }
+  };
+
+  ctrl.$formatters.push(urlValidator);
+  ctrl.$parsers.push(urlValidator);
+}
+
+function emailInputType(scope, element, attr, ctrl, $sniffer, $browser) {
+  textInputType(scope, element, attr, ctrl, $sniffer, $browser);
+
+  var emailValidator = function(value) {
+    if (ctrl.$isEmpty(value) || EMAIL_REGEXP.test(value)) {
+      ctrl.$setValidity('email', true);
+      return value;
+    } else {
+      ctrl.$setValidity('email', false);
+      return undefined;
+    }
+  };
+
+  ctrl.$formatters.push(emailValidator);
+  ctrl.$parsers.push(emailValidator);
+}
+
+function radioInputType(scope, element, attr, ctrl) {
+  // make the name unique, if not defined
+  if (isUndefined(attr.name)) {
+    element.attr('name', nextUid());
+  }
+
+  element.on('click', function() {
+    if (element[0].checked) {
+      scope.$apply(function() {
+        ctrl.$setViewValue(attr.value);
+      });
+    }
+  });
+
+  ctrl.$render = function() {
+    var value = attr.value;
+    element[0].checked = (value == ctrl.$viewValue);
+  };
+
+  attr.$observe('value', ctrl.$render);
+}
+
+function checkboxInputType(scope, element, attr, ctrl) {
+  var trueValue = attr.ngTrueValue,
+      falseValue = attr.ngFalseValue;
+
+  if (!isString(trueValue)) trueValue = true;
+  if (!isString(falseValue)) falseValue = false;
+
+  element.on('click', function() {
+    scope.$apply(function() {
+      ctrl.$setViewValue(element[0].checked);
+    });
+  });
+
+  ctrl.$render = function() {
+    element[0].checked = ctrl.$viewValue;
+  };
+
+  // Override the standard `$isEmpty` because a value of `false` means empty in a checkbox.
+  ctrl.$isEmpty = function(value) {
+    return value !== trueValue;
+  };
+
+  ctrl.$formatters.push(function(value) {
+    return value === trueValue;
+  });
+
+  ctrl.$parsers.push(function(value) {
+    return value ? trueValue : falseValue;
+  });
+}
+
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc directive
+ * @name ng.directive:textarea
+ * @restrict E
+ *
+ * @description
+ * HTML textarea element control with angular data-binding. The data-binding and validation
+ * properties of this element are exactly the same as those of the
+ * {@link ng.directive:input input element}.
+ *
+ * @param {string} ngModel Assignable angular expression to data-bind to.
+ * @param {string=} name Property name of the form under which the control is published.
+ * @param {string=} required Sets `required` validation error key if the value is not entered.
+ * @param {string=} ngRequired Adds `required` attribute and `required` validation constraint to
+ *    the element when the ngRequired expression evaluates to true. Use `ngRequired` instead of
+ *    `required` when you want to data-bind to the `required` attribute.
+ * @param {number=} ngMinlength Sets `minlength` validation error key if the value is shorter than
+ *    minlength.
+ * @param {number=} ngMaxlength Sets `maxlength` validation error key if the value is longer than
+ *    maxlength.
+ * @param {string=} ngPattern Sets `pattern` validation error key if the value does not match the
+ *    RegExp pattern expression. Expected value is `/regexp/` for inline patterns or `regexp` for
+ *    patterns defined as scope expressions.
+ * @param {string=} ngChange Angular expression to be executed when input changes due to user
+ *    interaction with the input element.
+ */
+
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc directive
+ * @name ng.directive:input
+ * @restrict E
+ *
+ * @description
+ * HTML input element control with angular data-binding. Input control follows HTML5 input types
+ * and polyfills the HTML5 validation behavior for older browsers.
+ *
+ * @param {string} ngModel Assignable angular expression to data-bind to.
+ * @param {string=} name Property name of the form under which the control is published.
+ * @param {string=} required Sets `required` validation error key if the value is not entered.
+ * @param {boolean=} ngRequired Sets `required` attribute if set to true
+ * @param {number=} ngMinlength Sets `minlength` validation error key if the value is shorter than
+ *    minlength.
+ * @param {number=} ngMaxlength Sets `maxlength` validation error key if the value is longer than
+ *    maxlength.
+ * @param {string=} ngPattern Sets `pattern` validation error key if the value does not match the
+ *    RegExp pattern expression. Expected value is `/regexp/` for inline patterns or `regexp` for
+ *    patterns defined as scope expressions.
+ * @param {string=} ngChange Angular expression to be executed when input changes due to user
+ *    interaction with the input element.
+ *
+ * @example
+    <doc:example>
+      <doc:source>
+       <script>
+         function Ctrl($scope) {
+           $scope.user = {name: 'guest', last: 'visitor'};
+         }
+       </script>
+       <div ng-controller="Ctrl">
+         <form name="myForm">
+           User name: <input type="text" name="userName" ng-model="user.name" required>
+           <span class="error" ng-show="myForm.userName.$error.required">
+             Required!</span><br>
+           Last name: <input type="text" name="lastName" ng-model="user.last"
+             ng-minlength="3" ng-maxlength="10">
+           <span class="error" ng-show="myForm.lastName.$error.minlength">
+             Too short!</span>
+           <span class="error" ng-show="myForm.lastName.$error.maxlength">
+             Too long!</span><br>
+         </form>
+         <hr>
+         <tt>user = {{user}}</tt><br/>
+         <tt>myForm.userName.$valid = {{myForm.userName.$valid}}</tt><br>
+         <tt>myForm.userName.$error = {{myForm.userName.$error}}</tt><br>
+         <tt>myForm.lastName.$valid = {{myForm.lastName.$valid}}</tt><br>
+         <tt>myForm.lastName.$error = {{myForm.lastName.$error}}</tt><br>
+         <tt>myForm.$valid = {{myForm.$valid}}</tt><br>
+         <tt>myForm.$error.required = {{!!myForm.$error.required}}</tt><br>
+         <tt>myForm.$error.minlength = {{!!myForm.$error.minlength}}</tt><br>
+         <tt>myForm.$error.maxlength = {{!!myForm.$error.maxlength}}</tt><br>
+       </div>
+      </doc:source>
+      <doc:scenario>
+        it('should initialize to model', function() {
+          expect(binding('user')).toEqual('{"name":"guest","last":"visitor"}');
+          expect(binding('myForm.userName.$valid')).toEqual('true');
+          expect(binding('myForm.$valid')).toEqual('true');
+        });
+
+        it('should be invalid if empty when required', function() {
+          input('user.name').enter('');
+          expect(binding('user')).toEqual('{"last":"visitor"}');
+          expect(binding('myForm.userName.$valid')).toEqual('false');
+          expect(binding('myForm.$valid')).toEqual('false');
+        });
+
+        it('should be valid if empty when min length is set', function() {
+          input('user.last').enter('');
+          expect(binding('user')).toEqual('{"name":"guest","last":""}');
+          expect(binding('myForm.lastName.$valid')).toEqual('true');
+          expect(binding('myForm.$valid')).toEqual('true');
+        });
+
+        it('should be invalid if less than required min length', function() {
+          input('user.last').enter('xx');
+          expect(binding('user')).toEqual('{"name":"guest"}');
+          expect(binding('myForm.lastName.$valid')).toEqual('false');
+          expect(binding('myForm.lastName.$error')).toMatch(/minlength/);
+          expect(binding('myForm.$valid')).toEqual('false');
+        });
+
+        it('should be invalid if longer than max length', function() {
+          input('user.last').enter('some ridiculously long name');
+          expect(binding('user'))
+            .toEqual('{"name":"guest"}');
+          expect(binding('myForm.lastName.$valid')).toEqual('false');
+          expect(binding('myForm.lastName.$error')).toMatch(/maxlength/);
+          expect(binding('myForm.$valid')).toEqual('false');
+        });
+      </doc:scenario>
+    </doc:example>
+ */
+var inputDirective = ['$browser', '$sniffer', function($browser, $sniffer) {
+  return {
+    restrict: 'E',
+    require: '?ngModel',
+    link: function(scope, element, attr, ctrl) {
+      if (ctrl) {
+        (inputType[lowercase(attr.type)] || inputType.text)(scope, element, attr, ctrl, $sniffer,
+                                                            $browser);
+      }
+    }
+  };
+}];
+
+var VALID_CLASS = 'ng-valid',
+    INVALID_CLASS = 'ng-invalid',
+    PRISTINE_CLASS = 'ng-pristine',
+    DIRTY_CLASS = 'ng-dirty';
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc object
+ * @name ng.directive:ngModel.NgModelController
+ *
+ * @property {string} $viewValue Actual string value in the view.
+ * @property {*} $modelValue The value in the model, that the control is bound to.
+ * @property {Array.<Function>} $parsers Array of functions to execute, as a pipeline, whenever
+       the control reads value from the DOM.  Each function is called, in turn, passing the value
+       through to the next. Used to sanitize / convert the value as well as validation.
+       For validation, the parsers should update the validity state using
+       {@link ng.directive:ngModel.NgModelController#methods_$setValidity $setValidity()},
+       and return `undefined` for invalid values.
+
+ *
+ * @property {Array.<Function>} $formatters Array of functions to execute, as a pipeline, whenever
+       the model value changes. Each function is called, in turn, passing the value through to the
+       next. Used to format / convert values for display in the control and validation.
+ *      <pre>
+ *      function formatter(value) {
+ *        if (value) {
+ *          return value.toUpperCase();
+ *        }
+ *      }
+ *      ngModel.$formatters.push(formatter);
+ *      </pre>
+ *
+ * @property {Array.<Function>} $viewChangeListeners Array of functions to execute whenever the
+ *     view value has changed. It is called with no arguments, and its return value is ignored.
+ *     This can be used in place of additional $watches against the model value.
+ *
+ * @property {Object} $error An object hash with all errors as keys.
+ *
+ * @property {boolean} $pristine True if user has not interacted with the control yet.
+ * @property {boolean} $dirty True if user has already interacted with the control.
+ * @property {boolean} $valid True if there is no error.
+ * @property {boolean} $invalid True if at least one error on the control.
+ *
+ * @description
+ *
+ * `NgModelController` provides API for the `ng-model` directive. The controller contains
+ * services for data-binding, validation, CSS updates, and value formatting and parsing. It
+ * purposefully does not contain any logic which deals with DOM rendering or listening to
+ * DOM events. Such DOM related logic should be provided by other directives which make use of
+ * `NgModelController` for data-binding.
+ *
+ * ## Custom Control Example
+ * This example shows how to use `NgModelController` with a custom control to achieve
+ * data-binding. Notice how different directives (`contenteditable`, `ng-model`, and `required`)
+ * collaborate together to achieve the desired result.
+ *
+ * Note that `contenteditable` is an HTML5 attribute, which tells the browser to let the element
+ * contents be edited in place by the user.  This will not work on older browsers.
+ *
+ * <example module="customControl">
+    <file name="style.css">
+      [contenteditable] {
+        border: 1px solid black;
+        background-color: white;
+        min-height: 20px;
+      }
+
+      .ng-invalid {
+        border: 1px solid red;
+      }
+
+    </file>
+    <file name="script.js">
+      angular.module('customControl', []).
+        directive('contenteditable', function() {
+          return {
+            restrict: 'A', // only activate on element attribute
+            require: '?ngModel', // get a hold of NgModelController
+            link: function(scope, element, attrs, ngModel) {
+              if(!ngModel) return; // do nothing if no ng-model
+
+              // Specify how UI should be updated
+              ngModel.$render = function() {
+                element.html(ngModel.$viewValue || '');
+              };
+
+              // Listen for change events to enable binding
+              element.on('blur keyup change', function() {
+                scope.$apply(read);
+              });
+              read(); // initialize
+
+              // Write data to the model
+              function read() {
+                var html = element.html();
+                // When we clear the content editable the browser leaves a <br> behind
+                // If strip-br attribute is provided then we strip this out
+                if( attrs.stripBr && html == '<br>' ) {
+                  html = '';
+                }
+                ngModel.$setViewValue(html);
+              }
+            }
+          };
+        });
+    </file>
+    <file name="index.html">
+      <form name="myForm">
+       <div contenteditable
+            name="myWidget" ng-model="userContent"
+            strip-br="true"
+            required>Change me!</div>
+        <span ng-show="myForm.myWidget.$error.required">Required!</span>
+       <hr>
+       <textarea ng-model="userContent"></textarea>
+      </form>
+    </file>
+    <file name="scenario.js">
+      it('should data-bind and become invalid', function() {
+        var contentEditable = element('[contenteditable]');
+
+        expect(contentEditable.text()).toEqual('Change me!');
+        input('userContent').enter('');
+        expect(contentEditable.text()).toEqual('');
+        expect(contentEditable.prop('className')).toMatch(/ng-invalid-required/);
+      });
+    </file>
+ * </example>
+ *
+ *
+ */
+var NgModelController = ['$scope', '$exceptionHandler', '$attrs', '$element', '$parse',
+    function($scope, $exceptionHandler, $attr, $element, $parse) {
+  this.$viewValue = Number.NaN;
+  this.$modelValue = Number.NaN;
+  this.$parsers = [];
+  this.$formatters = [];
+  this.$viewChangeListeners = [];
+  this.$pristine = true;
+  this.$dirty = false;
+  this.$valid = true;
+  this.$invalid = false;
+  this.$name = $attr.name;
+
+  var ngModelGet = $parse($attr.ngModel),
+      ngModelSet = ngModelGet.assign;
+
+  if (!ngModelSet) {
+    throw minErr('ngModel')('nonassign', "Expression '{0}' is non-assignable. Element: {1}",
+        $attr.ngModel, startingTag($element));
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc function
+   * @name ng.directive:ngModel.NgModelController#$render
+   * @methodOf ng.directive:ngModel.NgModelController
+   *
+   * @description
+   * Called when the view needs to be updated. It is expected that the user of the ng-model
+   * directive will implement this method.
+   */
+  this.$render = noop;
+
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc function
+   * @name { ng.directive:ngModel.NgModelController#$isEmpty
+   * @methodOf ng.directive:ngModel.NgModelController
+   *
+   * @description
+   * This is called when we need to determine if the value of the input is empty.
+   *
+   * For instance, the required directive does this to work out if the input has data or not.
+   * The default `$isEmpty` function checks whether the value is `undefined`, `''`, `null` or `NaN`.
+   *
+   * You can override this for input directives whose concept of being empty is different to the
+   * default. The `checkboxInputType` directive does this because in its case a value of `false`
+   * implies empty.
+   */
+  this.$isEmpty = function(value) {
+    return isUndefined(value) || value === '' || value === null || value !== value;
+  };
+
+  var parentForm = $element.inheritedData('$formController') || nullFormCtrl,
+      invalidCount = 0, // used to easily determine if we are valid
+      $error = this.$error = {}; // keep invalid keys here
+
+
+  // Setup initial state of the control
+  $element.addClass(PRISTINE_CLASS);
+  toggleValidCss(true);
+
+  // convenience method for easy toggling of classes
+  function toggleValidCss(isValid, validationErrorKey) {
+    validationErrorKey = validationErrorKey ? '-' + snake_case(validationErrorKey, '-') : '';
+    $element.
+      removeClass((isValid ? INVALID_CLASS : VALID_CLASS) + validationErrorKey).
+      addClass((isValid ? VALID_CLASS : INVALID_CLASS) + validationErrorKey);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc function
+   * @name ng.directive:ngModel.NgModelController#$setValidity
+   * @methodOf ng.directive:ngModel.NgModelController
+   *
+   * @description
+   * Change the validity state, and notifies the form when the control changes validity. (i.e. it
+   * does not notify form if given validator is already marked as invalid).
+   *
+   * This method should be called by validators - i.e. the parser or formatter functions.
+   *
+   * @param {string} validationErrorKey Name of the validator. the `validationErrorKey` will assign
+   *        to `$error[validationErrorKey]=isValid` so that it is available for data-binding.
+   *        The `validationErrorKey` should be in camelCase and will get converted into dash-case
+   *        for class name. Example: `myError` will result in `ng-valid-my-error` and `ng-invalid-my-error`
+   *        class and can be bound to as  `{{someForm.someControl.$error.myError}}` .
+   * @param {boolean} isValid Whether the current state is valid (true) or invalid (false).
+   */
+  this.$setValidity = function(validationErrorKey, isValid) {
+    // Purposeful use of ! here to cast isValid to boolean in case it is undefined
+    // jshint -W018
+    if ($error[validationErrorKey] === !isValid) return;
+    // jshint +W018
+
+    if (isValid) {
+      if ($error[validationErrorKey]) invalidCount--;
+      if (!invalidCount) {
+        toggleValidCss(true);
+        this.$valid = true;
+        this.$invalid = false;
+      }
+    } else {
+      toggleValidCss(false);
+      this.$invalid = true;
+      this.$valid = false;
+      invalidCount++;
+    }
+
+    $error[validationErrorKey] = !isValid;
+    toggleValidCss(isValid, validationErrorKey);
+
+    parentForm.$setValidity(validationErrorKey, isValid, this);
+  };
+
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc function
+   * @name ng.directive:ngModel.NgModelController#$setPristine
+   * @methodOf ng.directive:ngModel.NgModelController
+   *
+   * @description
+   * Sets the control to its pristine state.
+   *
+   * This method can be called to remove the 'ng-dirty' class and set the control to its pristine
+   * state (ng-pristine class).
+   */
+  this.$setPristine = function () {
+    this.$dirty = false;
+    this.$pristine = true;
+    $element.removeClass(DIRTY_CLASS).addClass(PRISTINE_CLASS);
+  };
+
+  /**
+   * @ngdoc function
+   * @name ng.directive:ngModel.NgModelController#$setViewValue
+   * @methodOf ng.directive:ngModel.NgModelController
+   *
+   * @description
+   * Update the view value.
+   *
+   * This method should be called when the view value changes, typically from within a DOM event handler.
+   * For example {@link ng.directive:input input} and
+   * {@link ng.directive:select select} directives call it.
+   *
+   * It will update the $viewValue, then pass this value through each of the functions in `$parsers`,
+   * which includes any validators. The value that comes out of this `$parsers` pipeline, be applied to
+   * `$modelValue` and the **expression** specified in the `ng-model` attribute.
+   *
+   * Lastly, all the registered change listeners, in the `$viewChangeListeners` list, are called.
+   *
+   * Note that calling this function does not trigger a `$digest`.
+   *
+   * @param {string} value Value from the view.
+   */
+  this.$setViewValue = function(value) {
+    this.$viewValue = value;
+
+    // change to dirty
+    if (this.$pristine) {
+      this.$dirty = true;
+      this.$pristine = false;
+      $element.removeClass(PRISTINE_CLASS).addClass(DIRTY_CLASS);
+      parentForm.$setDirty();
+    }
+
+    forEach(this.$parsers, function(fn) {
+      value = fn(value);
+    });
+
+    if (this.$modelValue !== value) {
+      this.$modelValue = value;
+      ngModelSet($scope, value);
+      forEach(this.$viewChangeListeners, function(listener) {
+        try {
+          listener();
+        } catch(e) {
+          $exceptionHandler(e);
+        }
+      });
+    }
+  };
+
+  // model -> value
+  var ctrl = this;
+
+  $scope.$watch(function ngModelWatch() {
+    var value = ngModelGet($scope);
+
+    // if scope model value and ngModel value are out of sync
+    if (ctrl.$modelValue !== value) {
+
+      var formatters = ctrl.$formatters,
+          idx = formatters.length;
+
+      ctrl.$modelValue = value;
+      while(idx--) {
+        value = formatters[idx](value);
+      }
+
+      if (ctrl.$viewValue !== value) {
+        ctrl.$viewValue = value;
+        ctrl.$render();
+      }
+    }
+
+    return value;
+  });
+}];
+
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc directive
+ * @name ng.directive:ngModel
+ *
+ * @element input
+ *
+ * @description
+ * The `ngModel` directive binds an `input`,`select`, `textarea` (or custom form control) to a
+ * property on the scope using {@link ng.directive:ngModel.NgModelController NgModelController},
+ * which is created and exposed by this directive.
+ *
+ * `ngModel` is responsible for:
+ *
+ * - Binding the view into the model, which other directives such as `input`, `textarea` or `select`
+ *   require.
+ * - Providing validation behavior (i.e. required, number, email, url).
+ * - Keeping the state of the control (valid/invalid, dirty/pristine, validation errors).
+ * - Setting related css classes on the element (`ng-valid`, `ng-invalid`, `ng-dirty`, `ng-pristine`).
+ * - Registering the control with its parent {@link ng.directive:form form}.
+ *
+ * Note: `ngModel` will try to bind to the property given by evaluating the expression on the
+ * current scope. If the property doesn't already exist on this scope, it will be created
+ * implicitly and added to the scope.
+ *
+ * For best practices on using `ngModel`, see:
+ *
+ *  - {@link https://github.com/angular/angular.js/wiki/Understanding-Scopes}
+ *
+ * For basic examples, how to use `ngModel`, see:
+ *
+ *  - {@link ng.directive:input input}
+ *    - {@link ng.directive:input.text text}
+ *    - {@link ng.directive:input.checkbox checkbox}
+ *    - {@link ng.directive:input.radio radio}
+ *    - {@link ng.directive:input.number number}
+ *    - {@link ng.directive:input.email email}
+ *    - {@link ng.directive:input.url url}
+ *  - {@link ng.directive:select select}
+ *  - {@link ng.directive:textarea textarea}
+ *
+ */
+var ngModelDirective = function() {
+  return {
+    require: ['ngModel', '^?form'],
+    controller: NgModelController,
+    link: function(scope, element, attr, ctrls) {
+      // notify others, especially parent forms
+
+      var modelCtrl = ctrls[0],
+          formCtrl = ctrls[1] || nullFormCtrl;
+
+      formCtrl.$addControl(modelCtrl);
+
+      scope.$on('$destroy', function() {
+        formCtrl.$removeControl(modelCtrl);
+      });
+    }
+  };
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc directive
+ * @name ng.directive:ngChange
+ *
+ * @description
+ * Evaluate given expression when user changes the input.
+ * The expression is not evaluated when the value change is coming from the model.
+ *
+ * Note, this directive requires `ngModel` to be present.
+ *
+ * @element input
+ * @param {expression} ngChange {@link guide/expression Expression} to evaluate upon change
+ * in input value.
+ *
+ * @example
+ * <doc:example>
+ *   <doc:source>
+ *     <script>
+ *       function Controller($scope) {
+ *         $scope.counter = 0;
+ *         $scope.change = function() {
+ *           $scope.counter++;
+ *         };
+ *       }
+ *     </script>
+ *     <div ng-controller="Controller">
+ *       <input type="checkbox" ng-model="confirmed" ng-change="change()" id="ng-change-example1" />
+ *       <input type="checkbox" ng-model="confirmed" id="ng-change-example2" />
+ *       <label for="ng-change-example2">Confirmed</label><br />
+ *       debug = {{confirmed}}<br />
+ *       counter = {{counter}}
+ *     </div>
+ *   </doc:source>
+ *   <doc:scenario>
+ *     it('should evaluate the expression if changing from view', function() {
+ *       expect(binding('counter')).toEqual('0');
+ *       element('#ng-change-example1').click();
+ *       expect(binding('counter')).toEqual('1');
+ *       expect(binding('confirmed')).toEqual('true');
+ *     });
+ *
+ *     it('should not evaluate the expression if changing from model', function() {
+ *       element('#ng-change-example2').click();
+ *       expect(binding('counter')).toEqual('0');
+ *       expect(binding('confirmed')).toEqual('true');
+ *     });
+ *   </doc:scenario>
+ * </doc:example>
+ */
+var ngChangeDirective = valueFn({
+  require: 'ngModel',
+  link: function(scope, element, attr, ctrl) {
+    ctrl.$viewChangeListeners.push(function() {
+      scope.$eval(attr.ngChange);
+    });
+  }
+});
+
+
+var requiredDirective = function() {
+  return {
+    require: '?ngModel',
+    link: function(scope, elm, attr, ctrl) {
+      if (!ctrl) return;
+      attr.required = true; // force truthy in case we are on non input element
+
+      var validator = function(value) {
+        if (attr.required && ctrl.$isEmpty(value)) {
+          ctrl.$setValidity('required', false);
+          return;
+        } else {
+          ctrl.$setValidity('required', true);
+          return value;
+        }
+      };
+
+      ctrl.$formatters.push(validator);
+      ctrl.$parsers.unshift(validator);
+
+      attr.$observe('required', function() {
+        validator(ctrl.$viewValue);
+      });
+    }
+  };
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc directive
+ * @name ng.directive:ngList
+ *
+ * @description
+ * Text input that converts between a delimited string and an array of strings. The delimiter
+ * can be a fixed string (by default a comma) or a regular expression.
+ *
+ * @element input
+ * @param {string=} ngList optional delimiter that should be used to split the value. If
+ *   specified in form `/something/` then the value will be converted into a regular expression.
+ *
+ * @example
+    <doc:example>
+      <doc:source>
+       <script>
+         function Ctrl($scope) {
+           $scope.names = ['igor', 'misko', 'vojta'];
+         }
+       </script>
+       <form name="myForm" ng-controller="Ctrl">
+         List: <input name="namesInput" ng-model="names" ng-list required>
+         <span class="error" ng-show="myForm.namesInput.$error.required">
+           Required!</span>
+         <br>
+         <tt>names = {{names}}</tt><br/>
+         <tt>myForm.namesInput.$valid = {{myForm.namesInput.$valid}}</tt><br/>
+         <tt>myForm.namesInput.$error = {{myForm.namesInput.$error}}</tt><br/>
+         <tt>myForm.$valid = {{myForm.$valid}}</tt><br/>
+         <tt>myForm.$error.required = {{!!myForm.$error.required}}</tt><br/>
+        </form>
+      </doc:source>
+      <doc:scenario>
+        it('should initialize to model', function() {
+          expect(binding('names')).toEqual('["igor","misko","vojta"]');
+          expect(binding('myForm.namesInput.$valid')).toEqual('true');
+          expect(element('span.error').css('display')).toBe('none');
+        });
+
+        it('should be invalid if empty', function() {
+          input('names').enter('');
+          expect(binding('names')).toEqual('');
+          expect(binding('myForm.namesInput.$valid')).toEqual('false');
+          expect(element('span.error').css('display')).not().toBe('none');
+        });
+      </doc:scenario>
+    </doc:example>
+ */
+var ngListDirective = function() {
+  return {
+    require: 'ngModel',
+    link: function(scope, element, attr, ctrl) {
+      var match = /\/(.*)\//.exec(attr.ngList),
+          separator = match && new RegExp(match[1]) || attr.ngList || ',';
+
+      var parse = function(viewValue) {
+        // If the viewValue is invalid (say required but empty) it will be `undefined`
+        if (isUndefined(viewValue)) return;
+
+        var list = [];
+
+        if (viewValue) {
+          forEach(viewValue.split(separator), function(value) {
+            if (value) list.push(trim(value));
+          });
+        }
+
+        return list;
+      };
+
+      ctrl.$parsers.push(parse);
+      ctrl.$formatters.push(function(value) {
+        if (isArray(value)) {
+          return value.join(', ');
+        }
+
+        return undefined;
+      });
+
+      // Override the standard $isEmpty because an empty array means the input is empty.
+      ctrl.$isEmpty = function(value) {
+        return !value || !value.length;
+      };
+    }
+  };
+};
+
+
+var CONSTANT_VALUE_REGEXP = /^(true|false|\d+)$/;
+/**
+ * @ngdoc directive
+ * @name ng.directive:ngValue
+ *
+ * @description
+ * Binds the given expression to the value of `input[select]` or `input[radio]`, so
+ * that when the element is selected, the `ngModel` of that element is set to the
+ * bound value.
+ *
+ * `ngValue` is useful when dynamically generating lists of radio buttons using `ng-repeat`, as
+ * shown below.
+ *
+ * @element input
+ * @param {string=} ngValue angular expression, whose value will be bound to the `value` attribute
+ *   of the `input` element
+ *
+ * @example
+    <doc:example>
+      <doc:source>
+       <script>
+          function Ctrl($scope) {
+            $scope.names = ['pizza', 'unicorns', 'robots'];
+            $scope.my = { favorite: 'unicorns' };
+          }
+       </script>
+        <form ng-controller="Ctrl">
+          <h2>Which is your favorite?</h2>
+            <label ng-repeat="name in names" for="{{name}}">
+              {{name}}
+              <input type="radio"
+                     ng-model="my.favorite"
+                     ng-value="name"
+                     id="{{name}}"
+                     name="favorite">
+            </label>
+          <div>You chose {{my.favorite}}</div>
+        </form>
+      </doc:source>
+      <doc:scenario>
+        it('should initialize to model', function() {
+          expect(binding('my.favorite')).toEqual('unicorns');
+        });
+        it('should bind the values to the inputs', function() {
+          input('my.favorite').select('pizza');
+          expect(binding('my.favorite')).toEqual('pizza');
+        });
+      </doc:scenario>
+    </doc:example>
+ */
+var ngValueDirective = function() {
+  return {
+    priority: 100,
+    compile: function(tpl, tplAttr) {
+      if (CONSTANT_VALUE_REGEXP.test(tplAttr.ngValue)) {
+        return function ngValueConstantLink(scope, elm, attr) {
+          attr.$set('value', scope.$eval(attr.ngValue));
+        };
+      } else {
+        return function ngValueLink(scope, elm, attr) {
+          scope.$watch(attr.ngValue, function valueWatchAction(value) {
+            attr.$set('value', value);
+          });
+        };
+      }
+    }
+  };
+};
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc directive
+ * @name ng.directive:ngBind
+ * @restrict AC
+ *
+ * @description
+ * The `ngBind` attribute tells Angular to replace the text content of the specified HTML element
+ * with the value of a given expression, and to update the text content when the value of that
+ * expression changes.
+ *
+ * Typically, you don't use `ngBind` directly, but instead you use the double curly markup like
+ * `{{ expression }}` which is similar but less verbose.
+ *
+ * It is preferrable to use `ngBind` instead of `{{ expression }}` when a template is momentarily
+ * displayed by the browser in its raw state before Angular compiles it. Since `ngBind` is an
+ * element attribute, it makes the bindings invisible to the user while the page is loading.
+ *
+ * An alternative solution to this problem would be using the
+ * {@link ng.directive:ngCloak ngCloak} directive.
+ *
+ *
+ * @element ANY
+ * @param {expression} ngBind {@link guide/expression Expression} to evaluate.
+ *
+ * @example
+ * Enter a name in the Live Preview text box; the greeting below the text box changes instantly.
+   <doc:example>
+     <doc:source>
+       <script>
+         function Ctrl($scope) {
+           $scope.name = 'Whirled';
+         }
+       </script>
+       <div ng-controller="Ctrl">
+         Enter name: <input type="text" ng-model="name"><br>
+         Hello <span ng-bind="name"></span>!
+       </div>
+     </doc:source>
+     <doc:scenario>
+       it('should check ng-bind', function() {
+         expect(using('.doc-example-live').binding('name')).toBe('Whirled');
+         using('.doc-example-live').input('name').enter('world');
+         expect(using('.doc-example-live').binding('name')).toBe('world');
+       });
+     </doc:scenario>
+   </doc:example>
+ */
+var ngBindDirective = ngDirective(function(scope, element, attr) {
+  element.addClass('ng-binding').data('$binding', attr.ngBind);
+  scope.$watch(attr.ngBind, function ngBindWatchAction(value) {
+    // We are purposefully using == here rather than === because we want to
+    // catch when value is "null or undefined"
+    // jshint -W041
+    element.text(value == undefined ? '' : value);
+  });
+});
+
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc directive
+ * @name ng.directive:ngBindTemplate
+ *
+ * @description
+ * The `ngBindTemplate` directive specifies that the element
+ * text content should be replaced with the interpolation of the template
+ * in the `ngBindTemplate` attribute.
+ * Unlike `ngBind`, the `ngBindTemplate` can contain multiple `{{` `}}`
+ * expressions. This directive is needed since some HTML elements
+ * (such as TITLE and OPTION) cannot contain SPAN elements.
+ *
+ * @element ANY
+ * @param {string} ngBindTemplate template of form
+ *   <tt>{{</tt> <tt>expression</tt> <tt>}}</tt> to eval.
+ *
+ * @example
+ * Try it here: enter text in text box and watch the greeting change.
+   <doc:example>
+     <doc:source>
+       <script>
+         function Ctrl($scope) {
+           $scope.salutation = 'Hello';
+           $scope.name = 'World';
+         }
+       </script>
+       <div ng-controller="Ctrl">
+        Salutation: <input type="text" ng-model="salutation"><br>
+        Name: <input type="text" ng-model="name"><br>
+        <pre ng-bind-template="{{salutation}} {{name}}!"></pre>
+       </div>
+     </doc:source>
+     <doc:scenario>
+       it('should check ng-bind', function() {
+         expect(using('.doc-example-live').binding('salutation')).
+           toBe('Hello');
+         expect(using('.doc-example-live').binding('name')).
+           toBe('World');
+         using('.doc-example-live').input('salutation').enter('Greetings');
+         using('.doc-example-live').input('name').enter('user');
+         expect(using('.doc-example-live').binding('salutation')).
+           toBe('Greetings');
+         expect(using('.doc-example-live').binding('name')).
+           toBe('user');
+       });
+     </doc:scenario>
+   </doc:example>
+ */
+var ngBindTemplateDirective = ['$interpolate', function($interpolate) {
+  return function(scope, element, attr) {
+    // TODO: move this to scenario runner
+    var interpolateFn = $interpolate(element.attr(attr.$attr.ngBindTemplate));
+    element.addClass('ng-binding').data('$binding', interpolateFn);
+    attr.$observe('ngBindTemplate', function(value) {
+      element.text(value);
+    });
+  };
+}];
+
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc directive
+ * @name ng.directive:ngBindHtml
+ *
+ * @description
+ * Creates a binding that will innerHTML the result of evaluating the `expression` into the current
+ * element in a secure way.  By default, the innerHTML-ed content will be sanitized using the {@link
+ * ngSanitize.$sanitize $sanitize} service.  To utilize this functionality, ensure that `$sanitize`
+ * is available, for example, by including {@link ngSanitize} in your module's dependencies (not in
+ * core Angular.)  You may also bypass sanitization for values you know are safe. To do so, bind to
+ * an explicitly trusted value via {@link ng.$sce#methods_trustAsHtml $sce.trustAsHtml}.  See the example
+ * under {@link ng.$sce#Example Strict Contextual Escaping (SCE)}.
+ *
+ * Note: If a `$sanitize` service is unavailable and the bound value isn't explicitly trusted, you
+ * will have an exception (instead of an exploit.)
+ *
+ * @element ANY
+ * @param {expression} ngBindHtml {@link guide/expression Expression} to evaluate.
+ *
+ * @example
+   Try it here: enter text in text box and watch the greeting change.
+ 
+   <example module="ngBindHtmlExample" deps="angular-sanitize.js">
+     <file name="index.html">
+       <div ng-controller="ngBindHtmlCtrl">
+        <p ng-bind-html="myHTML"></p>
+       </div>
+     </file>
+     
+     <file name="script.js">
+       angular.module('ngBindHtmlExample', ['ngSanitize'])
+
+       .controller('ngBindHtmlCtrl', ['$scope', function ngBindHtmlCtrl($scope) {
+         $scope.myHTML =
+            'I am an <code>HTML</code>string with <a href="#">links!</a> and other <em>stuff</em>';
+       }]);
+     </file>
+
+     <file name="scenario.js">
+       it('should check ng-bind-html', function() {
+         expect(using('.doc-example-live').binding('myHTML')).
+           toBe(
+           'I am an <code>HTML</code>string with <a href="#">links!</a> and other <em>stuff</em>'
+           );
+       });
+     </file>
+   </example>
+ */
+var ngBindHtmlDirective = ['$sce', '$parse', function($sce, $parse) {
+  return function(scope, element, attr) {
+    element.addClass('ng-binding').data('$binding', attr.ngBindHtml);
+
+    var parsed = $parse(attr.ngBindHtml);
+    function getStringValue() { return (parsed(scope) || '').toString(); }
+
+    scope.$watch(getStringValue, function ngBindHtmlWatchAction(value) {
+      element.html($sce.getTrustedHtml(parsed(scope)) || '');
+    });
+  };
+}];
+
+function classDirective(name, selector) {
+  name = 'ngClass' + name;
+  return function() {
+    return {
+      restrict: 'AC',
+      link: function(scope, element, attr) {
+        var oldVal;
+
+        scope.$watch(attr[name], ngClassWatchAction, true);
+
+        attr.$observe('class', function(value) {
+          ngClassWatchAction(scope.$eval(attr[name]));
+        });
+
+
+        if (name !== 'ngClass') {
+          scope.$watch('$index', function($index, old$index) {
+            // jshint bitwise: false
+            var mod = $index & 1;
+            if (mod !== old$index & 1) {
+              var classes = flattenClasses(scope.$eval(attr[name]));
+              mod === selector ?
+                attr.$addClass(classes) :
+                attr.$removeClass(classes);
+            }
+          });
+        }
+
+
+        function ngClassWatchAction(newVal) {
+          if (selector === true || scope.$index % 2 === selector) {
+            var newClasses = flattenClasses(newVal || '');
+            if(!oldVal) {
+              attr.$addClass(newClasses);
+            } else if(!equals(newVal,oldVal)) {
+              attr.$updateClass(newClasses, flattenClasses(oldVal));
+            }
+          }
+          oldVal = copy(newVal);
+        }
+
+
+        function flattenClasses(classVal) {
+          if(isArray(classVal)) {
+            return classVal.join(' ');
+          } else if (isObject(classVal)) {
+            var classes = [], i = 0;
+            forEach(classVal, function(v, k) {
+              if (v) {
+                classes.push(k);
+              }
+            });
+            return classes.join(' ');
+          }
+
+          return classVal;
+        }
+      }
+    };
+  };
+}
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc directive
+ * @name ng.directive:ngClass
+ * @restrict AC
+ *
+ * @description
+ * The `ngClass` directive allows you to dynamically set CSS classes on an HTML element by databinding
+ * an expression that represents all classes to be added.
+ *
+ * The directive won't add duplicate classes if a particular class was already set.
+ *
+ * When the expression changes, the previously added classes are removed and only then the
+ * new classes are added.
+ *
+ * @animations
+ * add - happens just before the class is applied to the element
+ * remove - happens just before the class is removed from the element
+ *
+ * @element ANY
+ * @param {expression} ngClass {@link guide/expression Expression} to eval. The result
+ *   of the evaluation can be a string representing space delimited class
+ *   names, an array, or a map of class names to boolean values. In the case of a map, the
+ *   names of the properties whose values are truthy will be added as css classes to the
+ *   element.
+ *
+ * @example Example that demonstrates basic bindings via ngClass directive.
+   <example>
+     <file name="index.html">
+       <p ng-class="{strike: deleted, bold: important, red: error}">Map Syntax Example</p>
+       <input type="checkbox" ng-model="deleted"> deleted (apply "strike" class)<br>
+       <input type="checkbox" ng-model="important"> important (apply "bold" class)<br>
+       <input type="checkbox" ng-model="error"> error (apply "red" class)
+       <hr>
+       <p ng-class="style">Using String Syntax</p>
+       <input type="text" ng-model="style" placeholder="Type: bold strike red">
+       <hr>
+       <p ng-class="[style1, style2, style3]">Using Array Syntax</p>
+       <input ng-model="style1" placeholder="Type: bold, strike or red"><br>
+       <input ng-model="style2" placeholder="Type: bold, strike or red"><br>
+       <input ng-model="style3" placeholder="Type: bold, strike or red"><br>
+     </file>
+     <file name="style.css">
+       .strike {
+         text-decoration: line-through;
+       }
+       .bold {
+           font-weight: bold;
+       }
+       .red {
+           color: red;
+       }
+     </file>
+     <file name="scenario.js">
+       it('should let you toggle the class', function() {
+
+         expect(element('.doc-example-live p:first').prop('className')).not().toMatch(/bold/);
+         expect(element('.doc-example-live p:first').prop('className')).not().toMatch(/red/);
+
+         input('important').check();
+         expect(element('.doc-example-live p:first').prop('className')).toMatch(/bold/);
+
+         input('error').check();
+         expect(element('.doc-example-live p:first').prop('className')).toMatch(/red/);
+       });
+
+       it('should let you toggle string example', function() {
+         expect(element('.doc-example-live p:nth-of-type(2)').prop('className')).toBe('');
+         input('style').enter('red');
+         expect(element('.doc-example-live p:nth-of-type(2)').prop('className')).toBe('red');
+       });
+
+       it('array example should have 3 classes', function() {
+         expect(element('.doc-example-live p:last').prop('className')).toBe('');
+         input('style1').enter('bold');
+         input('style2').enter('strike');
+         input('style3').enter('red');
+         expect(element('.doc-example-live p:last').prop('className')).toBe('bold strike red');
+       });
+     </file>
+   </example>
+
+   ## Animations
+
+   The example below demonstrates how to perform animations using ngClass.
+
+   <example animations="true">
+     <file name="index.html">
+      <input type="button" value="set" ng-click="myVar='my-class'">
+      <input type="button" value="clear" ng-click="myVar=''">
+      <br>
+      <span class="base-class" ng-class="myVar">Sample Text</span>
+     </file>
+     <file name="style.css">
+       .base-class {
+         -webkit-transition:all cubic-bezier(0.250, 0.460, 0.450, 0.940) 0.5s;
+         transition:all cubic-bezier(0.250, 0.460, 0.450, 0.940) 0.5s;
+       }
+
+       .base-class.my-class {
+         color: red;
+         font-size:3em;
+       }
+     </file>
+     <file name="scenario.js">
+       it('should check ng-class', function() {
+         expect(element('.doc-example-live span').prop('className')).not().
+           toMatch(/my-class/);
+
+         using('.doc-example-live').element(':button:first').click();
+
+         expect(element('.doc-example-live span').prop('className')).
+           toMatch(/my-class/);
+
+         using('.doc-example-live').element(':button:last').click();
+
+         expect(element('.doc-example-live span').prop('className')).not().
+           toMatch(/my-class/);
+       });
+     </file>
+   </example>
+
+
+   ## ngClass and pre-existing CSS3 Transitions/Animations
+   The ngClass directive still supports CSS3 Transitions/Animations even if they do not follow the ngAnimate CSS naming structure.
+   Upon animation ngAnimate will apply supplementary CSS classes to track the start and end of an animation, but this will not hinder
+   any pre-existing CSS transitions already on the element. To get an idea of what happens during a class-based animation, be sure
+   to view the step by step details of {@link ngAnimate.$animate#methods_addclass $animate.addClass} and
+   {@link ngAnimate.$animate#methods_removeclass $animate.removeClass}.
+ */
+var ngClassDirective = classDirective('', true);
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc directive
+ * @name ng.directive:ngClassOdd
+ * @restrict AC
+ *
+ * @description
+ * The `ngClassOdd` and `ngClassEven` directives work exactly as
+ * {@link ng.directive:ngClass ngClass}, except they work in
+ * conjunction with `ngRepeat` and take effect only on odd (even) rows.
+ *
+ * This directive can be applied only within the scope of an
+ * {@link ng.directive:ngRepeat ngRepeat}.
+ *
+ * @element ANY
+ * @param {expression} ngClassOdd {@link guide/expression Expression} to eval. The result
+ *   of the evaluation can be a string representing space delimited class names or an array.
+ *
+ * @example
+   <example>
+     <file name="index.html">
+        <ol ng-init="names=['John', 'Mary', 'Cate', 'Suz']">
+          <li ng-repeat="name in names">
+           <span ng-class-odd="'odd'" ng-class-even="'even'">
+             {{name}}
+           </span>
+          </li>
+        </ol>
+     </file>
+     <file name="style.css">
+       .odd {
+         color: red;
+       }
+       .even {
+         color: blue;
+       }
+     </file>
+     <file name="scenario.js">
+       it('should check ng-class-odd and ng-class-even', function() {
+         expect(element('.doc-example-live li:first span').prop('className')).
+           toMatch(/odd/);
+         expect(element('.doc-example-live li:last span').prop('className')).
+           toMatch(/even/);
+       });
+     </file>
+   </example>
+ */
+var ngClassOddDirective = classDirective('Odd', 0);
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc directive
+ * @name ng.directive:ngClassEven
+ * @restrict AC
+ *
+ * @description
+ * The `ngClassOdd` and `ngClassEven` directives work exactly as
+ * {@link ng.directive:ngClass ngClass}, except they work in
+ * conjunction with `ngRepeat` and take effect only on odd (even) rows.
+ *
+ * This directive can be applied only within the scope of an
+ * {@link ng.directive:ngRepeat ngRepeat}.
+ *
+ * @element ANY
+ * @param {expression} ngClassEven {@link guide/expression Expression} to eval. The
+ *   result of the evaluation can be a string representing space delimited class names or an array.
+ *
+ * @example
+   <example>
+     <file name="index.html">
+        <ol ng-init="names=['John', 'Mary', 'Cate', 'Suz']">
+          <li ng-repeat="name in names">
+           <span ng-class-odd="'odd'" ng-class-even="'even'">
+             {{name}} &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
+           </span>
+          </li>
+        </ol>
+     </file>
+     <file name="style.css">
+       .odd {
+         color: red;
+       }
+       .even {
+         color: blue;
+       }
+     </file>
+     <file name="scenario.js">
+       it('should check ng-class-odd and ng-class-even', function() {
+         expect(element('.doc-example-live li:first span').prop('className')).
+           toMatch(/odd/);
+         expect(element('.doc-example-live li:last span').prop('className')).
+           toMatch(/even/);
+       });
+     </file>
+   </example>
+ */
+var ngClassEvenDirective = classDirective('Even', 1);
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc directive
+ * @name ng.directive:ngCloak
+ * @restrict AC
+ *
+ * @description
+ * The `ngCloak` directive is used to prevent the Angular html template from being briefly
+ * displayed by the browser in its raw (uncompiled) form while your application is loading. Use this
+ * directive to avoid the undesirable flicker effect caused by the html template display.
+ *
+ * The directive can be applied to the `<body>` element, but the preferred usage is to apply
+ * multiple `ngCloak` directives to small portions of the page to permit progressive rendering
+ * of the browser view.
+ *
+ * `ngCloak` works in cooperation with the following css rule embedded within `angular.js` and
+ * `angular.min.js`.
+ * For CSP mode please add `angular-csp.css` to your html file (see {@link ng.directive:ngCsp ngCsp}).
+ *
+ * <pre>
+ * [ng\:cloak], [ng-cloak], [data-ng-cloak], [x-ng-cloak], .ng-cloak, .x-ng-cloak {
+ *   display: none !important;
+ * }
+ * </pre>
+ *
+ * When this css rule is loaded by the browser, all html elements (including their children) that
+ * are tagged with the `ngCloak` directive are hidden. When Angular encounters this directive
+ * during the compilation of the template it deletes the `ngCloak` element attribute, making
+ * the compiled element visible.
+ *
+ * For the best result, the `angular.js` script must be loaded in the head section of the html
+ * document; alternatively, the css rule above must be included in the external stylesheet of the
+ * application.
+ *
+ * Legacy browsers, like IE7, do not provide attribute selector support (added in CSS 2.1) so they
+ * cannot match the `[ng\:cloak]` selector. To work around this limitation, you must add the css
+ * class `ngCloak` in addition to the `ngCloak` directive as shown in the example below.
+ *
+ * @element ANY
+ *
+ * @example
+   <doc:example>
+     <doc:source>
+        <div id="template1" ng-cloak>{{ 'hello' }}</div>
+        <div id="template2" ng-cloak class="ng-cloak">{{ 'hello IE7' }}</div>
+     </doc:source>
+     <doc:scenario>
+       it('should remove the template directive and css class', function() {
+         expect(element('.doc-example-live #template1').attr('ng-cloak')).
+           not().toBeDefined();
+         expect(element('.doc-example-live #template2').attr('ng-cloak')).
+           not().toBeDefined();
+       });
+     </doc:scenario>
+   </doc:example>
+ *
+ */
+var ngCloakDirective = ngDirective({
+  compile: function(element, attr) {
+    attr.$set('ngCloak', undefined);
+    element.removeClass('ng-cloak');
+  }
+});
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc directive
+ * @name ng.directive:ngController
+ *
+ * @description
+ * The `ngController` directive attaches a controller class to the view. This is a key aspect of how angular
+ * supports the principles behind the Model-View-Controller design pattern.
+ *
+ * MVC components in angular:
+ *
+ * * Model — The Model is scope properties; scopes are attached to the DOM where scope properties
+ *   are accessed through bindings.
+ * * View — The template (HTML with data bindings) that is rendered into the View.
+ * * Controller — The `ngController` directive specifies a Controller class; the class contains business
+ *   logic behind the application to decorate the scope with functions and values
+ *
+ * Note that you can also attach controllers to the DOM by declaring it in a route definition
+ * via the {@link ngRoute.$route $route} service. A common mistake is to declare the controller
+ * again using `ng-controller` in the template itself.  This will cause the controller to be attached
+ * and executed twice.
+ *
+ * @element ANY
+ * @scope
+ * @param {expression} ngController Name of a globally accessible constructor function or an
+ *     {@link guide/expression expression} that on the current scope evaluates to a
+ *     constructor function. The controller instance can be published into a scope property
+ *     by specifying `as propertyName`.
+ *
+ * @example
+ * Here is a simple form for editing user contact information. Adding, removing, clearing, and
+ * greeting are methods declared on the controller (see source tab). These methods can
+ * easily be called from the angular markup. Notice that the scope becomes the `this` for the
+ * controller's instance. This allows for easy access to the view data from the controller. Also
+ * notice that any changes to the data are automatically reflected in the View without the need
+ * for a manual update. The example is shown in two different declaration styles you may use
+ * according to preference.
+   <doc:example>
+     <doc:source>
+      <script>
+        function SettingsController1() {
+          this.name = "John Smith";
+          this.contacts = [
+            {type: 'phone', value: '408 555 1212'},
+            {type: 'email', value: '[email protected]'} ];
+          };
+
+        SettingsController1.prototype.greet = function() {
+          alert(this.name);
+        };
+
+        SettingsController1.prototype.addContact = function() {
+          this.contacts.push({type: 'email', value: '[email protected]'});
+        };
+
+        SettingsController1.prototype.removeContact = function(contactToRemove) {
+         var index = this.contacts.indexOf(contactToRemove);
+          this.contacts.splice(index, 1);
+        };
+
+        SettingsController1.prototype.clearContact = function(contact) {
+          contact.type = 'phone';
+          contact.value = '';
+        };
+      </script>
+      <div id="ctrl-as-exmpl" ng-controller="SettingsController1 as settings">
+        Name: <input type="text" ng-model="settings.name"/>
+        [ <a href="" ng-click="settings.greet()">greet</a> ]<br/>
+        Contact:
+        <ul>
+          <li ng-repeat="contact in settings.contacts">
+            <select ng-model="contact.type">
+               <option>phone</option>
+               <option>email</option>
+            </select>
+            <input type="text" ng-model="contact.value"/>
+            [ <a href="" ng-click="settings.clearContact(contact)">clear</a>
+            | <a href="" ng-click="settings.removeContact(contact)">X</a> ]
+          </li>
+          <li>[ <a href="" ng-click="settings.addContact()">add</a> ]</li>
+       </ul>
+      </div>
+     </doc:source>
+     <doc:scenario>
+       it('should check controller as', function() {
+         expect(element('#ctrl-as-exmpl>:input').val()).toBe('John Smith');
+         expect(element('#ctrl-as-exmpl li:nth-child(1) input').val())
+           .toBe('408 555 1212');
+         expect(element('#ctrl-as-exmpl li:nth-child(2) input').val())
+           .toBe('[email protected]');
+
+         element('#ctrl-as-exmpl li:first a:contains("clear")').click();
+         expect(element('#ctrl-as-exmpl li:first input').val()).toBe('');
+
+         element('#ctrl-as-exmpl li:last a:contains("add")').click();
+         expect(element('#ctrl-as-exmpl li:nth-child(3) input').val())
+           .toBe('[email protected]');
+       });
+     </doc:scenario>
+   </doc:example>
+    <doc:example>
+     <doc:source>
+      <script>
+        function SettingsController2($scope) {
+          $scope.name = "John Smith";
+          $scope.contacts = [
+            {type:'phone', value:'408 555 1212'},
+            {type:'email', value:'[email protected]'} ];
+
+          $scope.greet = function() {
+           alert(this.name);
+          };
+
+          $scope.addContact = function() {
+           this.contacts.push({type:'email', value:'[email protected]'});
+          };
+
+          $scope.removeContact = function(contactToRemove) {
+           var index = this.contacts.indexOf(contactToRemove);
+           this.contacts.splice(index, 1);
+          };
+
+          $scope.clearContact = function(contact) {
+           contact.type = 'phone';
+           contact.value = '';
+          };
+        }
+      </script>
+      <div id="ctrl-exmpl" ng-controller="SettingsController2">
+        Name: <input type="text" ng-model="name"/>
+        [ <a href="" ng-click="greet()">greet</a> ]<br/>
+        Contact:
+        <ul>
+          <li ng-repeat="contact in contacts">
+            <select ng-model="contact.type">
+               <option>phone</option>
+               <option>email</option>
+            </select>
+            <input type="text" ng-model="contact.value"/>
+            [ <a href="" ng-click="clearContact(contact)">clear</a>
+            | <a href="" ng-click="removeContact(contact)">X</a> ]
+          </li>
+          <li>[ <a href="" ng-click="addContact()">add</a> ]</li>
+       </ul>
+      </div>
+     </doc:source>
+     <doc:scenario>
+       it('should check controller', function() {
+         expect(element('#ctrl-exmpl>:input').val()).toBe('John Smith');
+         expect(element('#ctrl-exmpl li:nth-child(1) input').val())
+           .toBe('408 555 1212');
+         expect(element('#ctrl-exmpl li:nth-child(2) input').val())
+           .toBe('[email protected]');
+
+         element('#ctrl-exmpl li:first a:contains("clear")').click();
+         expect(element('#ctrl-exmpl li:first input').val()).toBe('');
+
+         element('#ctrl-exmpl li:last a:contains("add")').click();
+         expect(element('#ctrl-exmpl li:nth-child(3) input').val())
+           .toBe('[email protected]');
+       });
+     </doc:scenario>
+   </doc:example>
+
+ */
+var ngControllerDirective = [function() {
+  return {
+    scope: true,
+    controller: '@',
+    priority: 500
+  };
+}];
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc directive
+ * @name ng.directive:ngCsp
+ *
+ * @element html
+ * @description
+ * Enables [CSP (Content Security Policy)](https://developer.mozilla.org/en/Security/CSP) support.
+ *
+ * This is necessary when developing things like Google Chrome Extensions.
+ *
+ * CSP forbids apps to use `eval` or `Function(string)` generated functions (among other things).
+ * For us to be compatible, we just need to implement the "getterFn" in $parse without violating
+ * any of these restrictions.
+ *
+ * AngularJS uses `Function(string)` generated functions as a speed optimization. Applying the `ngCsp`
+ * directive will cause Angular to use CSP compatibility mode. When this mode is on AngularJS will
+ * evaluate all expressions up to 30% slower than in non-CSP mode, but no security violations will
+ * be raised.
+ *
+ * CSP forbids JavaScript to inline stylesheet rules. In non CSP mode Angular automatically
+ * includes some CSS rules (e.g. {@link ng.directive:ngCloak ngCloak}).
+ * To make those directives work in CSP mode, include the `angular-csp.css` manually.
+ *
+ * In order to use this feature put the `ngCsp` directive on the root element of the application.
+ *
+ * *Note: This directive is only available in the `ng-csp` and `data-ng-csp` attribute form.*
+ *
+ * @example
+ * This example shows how to apply the `ngCsp` directive to the `html` tag.
+   <pre>
+     <!doctype html>
+     <html ng-app ng-csp>
+     ...
+     ...
+     </html>
+   </pre>
+ */
+
+// ngCsp is not implemented as a proper directive any more, because we need it be processed while we bootstrap
+// the system (before $parse is instantiated), for this reason we just have a csp() fn that looks for ng-csp attribute
+// anywhere in the current doc
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc directive
+ * @name ng.directive:ngClick
+ *
+ * @description
+ * The ngClick directive allows you to specify custom behavior when
+ * an element is clicked.
+ *
+ * @element ANY
+ * @param {expression} ngClick {@link guide/expression Expression} to evaluate upon
+ * click. (Event object is available as `$event`)
+ *
+ * @example
+   <doc:example>
+     <doc:source>
+      <button ng-click="count = count + 1" ng-init="count=0">
+        Increment
+      </button>
+      count: {{count}}
+     </doc:source>
+     <doc:scenario>
+       it('should check ng-click', function() {
+         expect(binding('count')).toBe('0');
+         element('.doc-example-live :button').click();
+         expect(binding('count')).toBe('1');
+       });
+     </doc:scenario>
+   </doc:example>
+ */
+/*
+ * A directive that allows creation of custom onclick handlers that are defined as angular
+ * expressions and are compiled and executed within the current scope.
+ *
+ * Events that are handled via these handler are always configured not to propagate further.
+ */
+var ngEventDirectives = {};
+forEach(
+  'click dblclick mousedown mouseup mouseover mouseout mousemove mouseenter mouseleave keydown keyup keypress submit focus blur copy cut paste'.split(' '),
+  function(name) {
+    var directiveName = directiveNormalize('ng-' + name);
+    ngEventDirectives[directiveName] = ['$parse', function($parse) {
+      return {
+        compile: function($element, attr) {
+          var fn = $parse(attr[directiveName]);
+          return function(scope, element, attr) {
+            element.on(lowercase(name), function(event) {
+              scope.$apply(function() {
+                fn(scope, {$event:event});
+              });
+            });
+          };
+        }
+      };
+    }];
+  }
+);
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc directive
+ * @name ng.directive:ngDblclick
+ *
+ * @description
+ * The `ngDblclick` directive allows you to specify custom behavior on a dblclick event.
+ *
+ * @element ANY
+ * @param {expression} ngDblclick {@link guide/expression Expression} to evaluate upon
+ * a dblclick. (The Event object is available as `$event`)
+ *
+ * @example
+ * See {@link ng.directive:ngClick ngClick}
+ */
+
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc directive
+ * @name ng.directive:ngMousedown
+ *
+ * @description
+ * The ngMousedown directive allows you to specify custom behavior on mousedown event.
+ *
+ * @element ANY
+ * @param {expression} ngMousedown {@link guide/expression Expression} to evaluate upon
+ * mousedown. (Event object is available as `$event`)
+ *
+ * @example
+ * See {@link ng.directive:ngClick ngClick}
+ */
+
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc directive
+ * @name ng.directive:ngMouseup
+ *
+ * @description
+ * Specify custom behavior on mouseup event.
+ *
+ * @element ANY
+ * @param {expression} ngMouseup {@link guide/expression Expression} to evaluate upon
+ * mouseup. (Event object is available as `$event`)
+ *
+ * @example
+ * See {@link ng.directive:ngClick ngClick}
+ */
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc directive
+ * @name ng.directive:ngMouseover
+ *
+ * @description
+ * Specify custom behavior on mouseover event.
+ *
+ * @element ANY
+ * @param {expression} ngMouseover {@link guide/expression Expression} to evaluate upon
+ * mouseover. (Event object is available as `$event`)
+ *
+ * @example
+ * See {@link ng.directive:ngClick ngClick}
+ */
+
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc directive
+ * @name ng.directive:ngMouseenter
+ *
+ * @description
+ * Specify custom behavior on mouseenter event.
+ *
+ * @element ANY
+ * @param {expression} ngMouseenter {@link guide/expression Expression} to evaluate upon
+ * mouseenter. (Event object is available as `$event`)
+ *
+ * @example
+ * See {@link ng.directive:ngClick ngClick}
+ */
+
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc directive
+ * @name ng.directive:ngMouseleave
+ *
+ * @description
+ * Specify custom behavior on mouseleave event.
+ *
+ * @element ANY
+ * @param {expression} ngMouseleave {@link guide/expression Expression} to evaluate upon
+ * mouseleave. (Event object is available as `$event`)
+ *
+ * @example
+ * See {@link ng.directive:ngClick ngClick}
+ */
+
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc directive
+ * @name ng.directive:ngMousemove
+ *
+ * @description
+ * Specify custom behavior on mousemove event.
+ *
+ * @element ANY
+ * @param {expression} ngMousemove {@link guide/expression Expression} to evaluate upon
+ * mousemove. (Event object is available as `$event`)
+ *
+ * @example
+ * See {@link ng.directive:ngClick ngClick}
+ */
+
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc directive
+ * @name ng.directive:ngKeydown
+ *
+ * @description
+ * Specify custom behavior on keydown event.
+ *
+ * @element ANY
+ * @param {expression} ngKeydown {@link guide/expression Expression} to evaluate upon
+ * keydown. (Event object is available as `$event` and can be interrogated for keyCode, altKey, etc.)
+ *
+ * @example
+ * See {@link ng.directive:ngClick ngClick}
+ */
+
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc directive
+ * @name ng.directive:ngKeyup
+ *
+ * @description
+ * Specify custom behavior on keyup event.
+ *
+ * @element ANY
+ * @param {expression} ngKeyup {@link guide/expression Expression} to evaluate upon
+ * keyup. (Event object is available as `$event` and can be interrogated for keyCode, altKey, etc.)
+ *
+ * @example
+ * See {@link ng.directive:ngClick ngClick}
+ */
+
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc directive
+ * @name ng.directive:ngKeypress
+ *
+ * @description
+ * Specify custom behavior on keypress event.
+ *
+ * @element ANY
+ * @param {expression} ngKeypress {@link guide/expression Expression} to evaluate upon
+ * keypress. (Event object is available as `$event` and can be interrogated for keyCode, altKey, etc.)
+ *
+ * @example
+ * See {@link ng.directive:ngClick ngClick}
+ */
+
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc directive
+ * @name ng.directive:ngSubmit
+ *
+ * @description
+ * Enables binding angular expressions to onsubmit events.
+ *
+ * Additionally it prevents the default action (which for form means sending the request to the
+ * server and reloading the current page) **but only if the form does not contain an `action`
+ * attribute**.
+ *
+ * @element form
+ * @param {expression} ngSubmit {@link guide/expression Expression} to eval. (Event object is available as `$event`)
+ *
+ * @example
+   <doc:example>
+     <doc:source>
+      <script>
+        function Ctrl($scope) {
+          $scope.list = [];
+          $scope.text = 'hello';
+          $scope.submit = function() {
+            if (this.text) {
+              this.list.push(this.text);
+              this.text = '';
+            }
+          };
+        }
+      </script>
+      <form ng-submit="submit()" ng-controller="Ctrl">
+        Enter text and hit enter:
+        <input type="text" ng-model="text" name="text" />
+        <input type="submit" id="submit" value="Submit" />
+        <pre>list={{list}}</pre>
+      </form>
+     </doc:source>
+     <doc:scenario>
+       it('should check ng-submit', function() {
+         expect(binding('list')).toBe('[]');
+         element('.doc-example-live #submit').click();
+         expect(binding('list')).toBe('["hello"]');
+         expect(input('text').val()).toBe('');
+       });
+       it('should ignore empty strings', function() {
+         expect(binding('list')).toBe('[]');
+         element('.doc-example-live #submit').click();
+         element('.doc-example-live #submit').click();
+         expect(binding('list')).toBe('["hello"]');
+       });
+     </doc:scenario>
+   </doc:example>
+ */
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc directive
+ * @name ng.directive:ngFocus
+ *
+ * @description
+ * Specify custom behavior on focus event.
+ *
+ * @element window, input, select, textarea, a
+ * @param {expression} ngFocus {@link guide/expression Expression} to evaluate upon
+ * focus. (Event object is available as `$event`)
+ *
+ * @example
+ * See {@link ng.directive:ngClick ngClick}
+ */
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc directive
+ * @name ng.directive:ngBlur
+ *
+ * @description
+ * Specify custom behavior on blur event.
+ *
+ * @element window, input, select, textarea, a
+ * @param {expression} ngBlur {@link guide/expression Expression} to evaluate upon
+ * blur. (Event object is available as `$event`)
+ *
+ * @example
+ * See {@link ng.directive:ngClick ngClick}
+ */
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc directive
+ * @name ng.directive:ngCopy
+ *
+ * @description
+ * Specify custom behavior on copy event.
+ *
+ * @element window, input, select, textarea, a
+ * @param {expression} ngCopy {@link guide/expression Expression} to evaluate upon
+ * copy. (Event object is available as `$event`)
+ *
+ * @example
+ * See {@link ng.directive:ngClick ngClick}
+ */
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc directive
+ * @name ng.directive:ngCut
+ *
+ * @description
+ * Specify custom behavior on cut event.
+ *
+ * @element window, input, select, textarea, a
+ * @param {expression} ngCut {@link guide/expression Expression} to evaluate upon
+ * cut. (Event object is available as `$event`)
+ *
+ * @example
+ * See {@link ng.directive:ngClick ngClick}
+ */
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc directive
+ * @name ng.directive:ngPaste
+ *
+ * @description
+ * Specify custom behavior on paste event.
+ *
+ * @element window, input, select, textarea, a
+ * @param {expression} ngPaste {@link guide/expression Expression} to evaluate upon
+ * paste. (Event object is available as `$event`)
+ *
+ * @example
+ * See {@link ng.directive:ngClick ngClick}
+ */
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc directive
+ * @name ng.directive:ngIf
+ * @restrict A
+ *
+ * @description
+ * The `ngIf` directive removes or recreates a portion of the DOM tree based on an
+ * {expression}. If the expression assigned to `ngIf` evaluates to a false
+ * value then the element is removed from the DOM, otherwise a clone of the
+ * element is reinserted into the DOM.
+ *
+ * `ngIf` differs from `ngShow` and `ngHide` in that `ngIf` completely removes and recreates the
+ * element in the DOM rather than changing its visibility via the `display` css property.  A common
+ * case when this difference is significant is when using css selectors that rely on an element's
+ * position within the DOM, such as the `:first-child` or `:last-child` pseudo-classes.
+ *
+ * Note that when an element is removed using `ngIf` its scope is destroyed and a new scope
+ * is created when the element is restored.  The scope created within `ngIf` inherits from
+ * its parent scope using
+ * {@link https://github.com/angular/angular.js/wiki/The-Nuances-of-Scope-Prototypal-Inheritance prototypal inheritance}.
+ * An important implication of this is if `ngModel` is used within `ngIf` to bind to
+ * a javascript primitive defined in the parent scope. In this case any modifications made to the
+ * variable within the child scope will override (hide) the value in the parent scope.
+ *
+ * Also, `ngIf` recreates elements using their compiled state. An example of this behavior
+ * is if an element's class attribute is directly modified after it's compiled, using something like
+ * jQuery's `.addClass()` method, and the element is later removed. When `ngIf` recreates the element
+ * the added class will be lost because the original compiled state is used to regenerate the element.
+ *
+ * Additionally, you can provide animations via the `ngAnimate` module to animate the `enter`
+ * and `leave` effects.
+ *
+ * @animations
+ * enter - happens just after the ngIf contents change and a new DOM element is created and injected into the ngIf container
+ * leave - happens just before the ngIf contents are removed from the DOM
+ *
+ * @element ANY
+ * @scope
+ * @priority 600
+ * @param {expression} ngIf If the {@link guide/expression expression} is falsy then
+ *     the element is removed from the DOM tree. If it is truthy a copy of the compiled
+ *     element is added to the DOM tree.
+ *
+ * @example
+  <example animations="true">
+    <file name="index.html">
+      Click me: <input type="checkbox" ng-model="checked" ng-init="checked=true" /><br/>
+      Show when checked:
+      <span ng-if="checked" class="animate-if">
+        I'm removed when the checkbox is unchecked.
+      </span>
+    </file>
+    <file name="animations.css">
+      .animate-if {
+        background:white;
+        border:1px solid black;
+        padding:10px;
+      }
+
+      /&#42;
+        The transition styles can also be placed on the CSS base class above
+      &#42;/
+      .animate-if.ng-enter, .animate-if.ng-leave {
+        -webkit-transition:all cubic-bezier(0.250, 0.460, 0.450, 0.940) 0.5s;
+        transition:all cubic-bezier(0.250, 0.460, 0.450, 0.940) 0.5s;
+      }
+
+      .animate-if.ng-enter,
+      .animate-if.ng-leave.ng-leave-active {
+        opacity:0;
+      }
+
+      .animate-if.ng-leave,
+      .animate-if.ng-enter.ng-enter-active {
+        opacity:1;
+      }
+    </file>
+  </example>
+ */
+var ngIfDirective = ['$animate', function($animate) {
+  return {
+    transclude: 'element',
+    priority: 600,
+    terminal: true,
+    restrict: 'A',
+    $$tlb: true,
+    link: function ($scope, $element, $attr, ctrl, $transclude) {
+        var block, childScope;
+        $scope.$watch($attr.ngIf, function ngIfWatchAction(value) {
+
+          if (toBoolean(value)) {
+            if (!childScope) {
+              childScope = $scope.$new();
+              $transclude(childScope, function (clone) {
+                clone[clone.length++] = document.createComment(' end ngIf: ' + $attr.ngIf + ' ');
+                // Note: We only need the first/last node of the cloned nodes.
+                // However, we need to keep the reference to the jqlite wrapper as it might be changed later
+                // by a directive with templateUrl when it's template arrives.
+                block = {
+                  clone: clone
+                };
+                $animate.enter(clone, $element.parent(), $element);
+              });
+            }
+          } else {
+
+            if (childScope) {
+              childScope.$destroy();
+              childScope = null;
+            }
+
+            if (block) {
+              $animate.leave(getBlockElements(block.clone));
+              block = null;
+            }
+          }
+        });
+    }
+  };
+}];
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc directive
+ * @name ng.directive:ngInclude
+ * @restrict ECA
+ *
+ * @description
+ * Fetches, compiles and includes an external HTML fragment.
+ *
+ * By default, the template URL is restricted to the same domain and protocol as the
+ * application document. This is done by calling {@link ng.$sce#methods_getTrustedResourceUrl
+ * $sce.getTrustedResourceUrl} on it. To load templates from other domains or protocols
+ * you may either {@link ng.$sceDelegateProvider#methods_resourceUrlWhitelist whitelist them} or
+ * {@link ng.$sce#methods_trustAsResourceUrl wrap them} as trusted values. Refer to Angular's {@link
+ * ng.$sce Strict Contextual Escaping}.
+ *
+ * In addition, the browser's
+ * {@link https://code.google.com/p/browsersec/wiki/Part2#Same-origin_policy_for_XMLHttpRequest
+ * Same Origin Policy} and {@link http://www.w3.org/TR/cors/ Cross-Origin Resource Sharing
+ * (CORS)} policy may further restrict whether the template is successfully loaded.
+ * For example, `ngInclude` won't work for cross-domain requests on all browsers and for `file://`
+ * access on some browsers.
+ *
+ * @animations
+ * enter - animation is used to bring new content into the browser.
+ * leave - animation is used to animate existing content away.
+ *
+ * The enter and leave animation occur concurrently.
+ *
+ * @scope
+ * @priority 400
+ *
+ * @param {string} ngInclude|src angular expression evaluating to URL. If the source is a string constant,
+ *                 make sure you wrap it in quotes, e.g. `src="'myPartialTemplate.html'"`.
+ * @param {string=} onload Expression to evaluate when a new partial is loaded.
+ *
+ * @param {string=} autoscroll Whether `ngInclude` should call {@link ng.$anchorScroll
+ *                  $anchorScroll} to scroll the viewport after the content is loaded.
+ *
+ *                  - If the attribute is not set, disable scrolling.
+ *                  - If the attribute is set without value, enable scrolling.
+ *                  - Otherwise enable scrolling only if the expression evaluates to truthy value.
+ *
+ * @example
+  <example animations="true">
+    <file name="index.html">
+     <div ng-controller="Ctrl">
+       <select ng-model="template" ng-options="t.name for t in templates">
+        <option value="">(blank)</option>
+       </select>
+       url of the template: <tt>{{template.url}}</tt>
+       <hr/>
+       <div class="slide-animate-container">
+         <div class="slide-animate" ng-include="template.url"></div>
+       </div>
+     </div>
+    </file>
+    <file name="script.js">
+      function Ctrl($scope) {
+        $scope.templates =
+          [ { name: 'template1.html', url: 'template1.html'}
+          , { name: 'template2.html', url: 'template2.html'} ];
+        $scope.template = $scope.templates[0];
+      }
+     </file>
+    <file name="template1.html">
+      Content of template1.html
+    </file>
+    <file name="template2.html">
+      Content of template2.html
+    </file>
+    <file name="animations.css">
+      .slide-animate-container {
+        position:relative;
+        background:white;
+        border:1px solid black;
+        height:40px;
+        overflow:hidden;
+      }
+
+      .slide-animate {
+        padding:10px;
+      }
+
+      .slide-animate.ng-enter, .slide-animate.ng-leave {
+        -webkit-transition:all cubic-bezier(0.250, 0.460, 0.450, 0.940) 0.5s;
+        transition:all cubic-bezier(0.250, 0.460, 0.450, 0.940) 0.5s;
+
+        position:absolute;
+        top:0;
+        left:0;
+        right:0;
+        bottom:0;
+        display:block;
+        padding:10px;
+      }
+
+      .slide-animate.ng-enter {
+        top:-50px;
+      }
+      .slide-animate.ng-enter.ng-enter-active {
+        top:0;
+      }
+
+      .slide-animate.ng-leave {
+        top:0;
+      }
+      .slide-animate.ng-leave.ng-leave-active {
+        top:50px;
+      }
+    </file>
+    <file name="scenario.js">
+      it('should load template1.html', function() {
+       expect(element('.doc-example-live [ng-include]').text()).
+         toMatch(/Content of template1.html/);
+      });
+      it('should load template2.html', function() {
+       select('template').option('1');
+       expect(element('.doc-example-live [ng-include]').text()).
+         toMatch(/Content of template2.html/);
+      });
+      it('should change to blank', function() {
+       select('template').option('');
+       expect(element('.doc-example-live [ng-include]')).toBe(undefined);
+      });
+    </file>
+  </example>
+ */
+
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc event
+ * @name ng.directive:ngInclude#$includeContentRequested
+ * @eventOf ng.directive:ngInclude
+ * @eventType emit on the scope ngInclude was declared in
+ * @description
+ * Emitted every time the ngInclude content is requested.
+ */
+
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc event
+ * @name ng.directive:ngInclude#$includeContentLoaded
+ * @eventOf ng.directive:ngInclude
+ * @eventType emit on the current ngInclude scope
+ * @description
+ * Emitted every time the ngInclude content is reloaded.
+ */
+var ngIncludeDirective = ['$http', '$templateCache', '$anchorScroll', '$animate', '$sce',
+                  function($http,   $templateCache,   $anchorScroll,   $animate,   $sce) {
+  return {
+    restrict: 'ECA',
+    priority: 400,
+    terminal: true,
+    transclude: 'element',
+    controller: angular.noop,
+    compile: function(element, attr) {
+      var srcExp = attr.ngInclude || attr.src,
+          onloadExp = attr.onload || '',
+          autoScrollExp = attr.autoscroll;
+
+      return function(scope, $element, $attr, ctrl, $transclude) {
+        var changeCounter = 0,
+            currentScope,
+            currentElement;
+
+        var cleanupLastIncludeContent = function() {
+          if (currentScope) {
+            currentScope.$destroy();
+            currentScope = null;
+          }
+          if(currentElement) {
+            $animate.leave(currentElement);
+            currentElement = null;
+          }
+        };
+
+        scope.$watch($sce.parseAsResourceUrl(srcExp), function ngIncludeWatchAction(src) {
+          var afterAnimation = function() {
+            if (isDefined(autoScrollExp) && (!autoScrollExp || scope.$eval(autoScrollExp))) {
+              $anchorScroll();
+            }
+          };
+          var thisChangeId = ++changeCounter;
+
+          if (src) {
+            $http.get(src, {cache: $templateCache}).success(function(response) {
+              if (thisChangeId !== changeCounter) return;
+              var newScope = scope.$new();
+              ctrl.template = response;
+
+              // Note: This will also link all children of ng-include that were contained in the original
+              // html. If that content contains controllers, ... they could pollute/change the scope.
+              // However, using ng-include on an element with additional content does not make sense...
+              // Note: We can't remove them in the cloneAttchFn of $transclude as that
+              // function is called before linking the content, which would apply child
+              // directives to non existing elements.
+              var clone = $transclude(newScope, function(clone) {
+                cleanupLastIncludeContent();
+                $animate.enter(clone, null, $element, afterAnimation);
+              });
+
+              currentScope = newScope;
+              currentElement = clone;
+
+              currentScope.$emit('$includeContentLoaded');
+              scope.$eval(onloadExp);
+            }).error(function() {
+              if (thisChangeId === changeCounter) cleanupLastIncludeContent();
+            });
+            scope.$emit('$includeContentRequested');
+          } else {
+            cleanupLastIncludeContent();
+            ctrl.template = null;
+          }
+        });
+      };
+    }
+  };
+}];
+
+// This directive is called during the $transclude call of the first `ngInclude` directive.
+// It will replace and compile the content of the element with the loaded template.
+// We need this directive so that the element content is already filled when
+// the link function of another directive on the same element as ngInclude
+// is called.
+var ngIncludeFillContentDirective = ['$compile',
+  function($compile) {
+    return {
+      restrict: 'ECA',
+      priority: -400,
+      require: 'ngInclude',
+      link: function(scope, $element, $attr, ctrl) {
+        $element.html(ctrl.template);
+        $compile($element.contents())(scope);
+      }
+    };
+  }];
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc directive
+ * @name ng.directive:ngInit
+ * @restrict AC
+ *
+ * @description
+ * The `ngInit` directive allows you to evaluate an expression in the
+ * current scope.
+ *
+ * <div class="alert alert-error">
+ * The only appropriate use of `ngInit` for aliasing special properties of
+ * {@link api/ng.directive:ngRepeat `ngRepeat`}, as seen in the demo below. Besides this case, you
+ * should use {@link guide/controller controllers} rather than `ngInit`
+ * to initialize values on a scope.
+ * </div>
+ *
+ * @priority 450
+ *
+ * @element ANY
+ * @param {expression} ngInit {@link guide/expression Expression} to eval.
+ *
+ * @example
+   <doc:example>
+     <doc:source>
+   <script>
+     function Ctrl($scope) {
+       $scope.list = [['a', 'b'], ['c', 'd']];
+     }
+   </script>
+   <div ng-controller="Ctrl">
+     <div ng-repeat="innerList in list" ng-init="outerIndex = $index">
+       <div ng-repeat="value in innerList" ng-init="innerIndex = $index">
+          <span class="example-init">list[ {{outerIndex}} ][ {{innerIndex}} ] = {{value}};</span>
+       </div>
+     </div>
+   </div>
+     </doc:source>
+     <doc:scenario>
+       it('should alias index positions', function() {
+         expect(element('.example-init').text())
+           .toBe('list[ 0 ][ 0 ] = a;' +
+                 'list[ 0 ][ 1 ] = b;' +
+                 'list[ 1 ][ 0 ] = c;' +
+                 'list[ 1 ][ 1 ] = d;');
+       });
+     </doc:scenario>
+   </doc:example>
+ */
+var ngInitDirective = ngDirective({
+  priority: 450,
+  compile: function() {
+    return {
+      pre: function(scope, element, attrs) {
+        scope.$eval(attrs.ngInit);
+      }
+    };
+  }
+});
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc directive
+ * @name ng.directive:ngNonBindable
+ * @restrict AC
+ * @priority 1000
+ *
+ * @description
+ * The `ngNonBindable` directive tells Angular not to compile or bind the contents of the current
+ * DOM element. This is useful if the element contains what appears to be Angular directives and
+ * bindings but which should be ignored by Angular. This could be the case if you have a site that
+ * displays snippets of code, for instance.
+ *
+ * @element ANY
+ *
+ * @example
+ * In this example there are two locations where a simple interpolation binding (`{{}}`) is present,
+ * but the one wrapped in `ngNonBindable` is left alone.
+ *
+ * @example
+    <doc:example>
+      <doc:source>
+        <div>Normal: {{1 + 2}}</div>
+        <div ng-non-bindable>Ignored: {{1 + 2}}</div>
+      </doc:source>
+      <doc:scenario>
+       it('should check ng-non-bindable', function() {
+         expect(using('.doc-example-live').binding('1 + 2')).toBe('3');
+         expect(using('.doc-example-live').element('div:last').text()).
+           toMatch(/1 \+ 2/);
+       });
+      </doc:scenario>
+    </doc:example>
+ */
+var ngNonBindableDirective = ngDirective({ terminal: true, priority: 1000 });
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc directive
+ * @name ng.directive:ngPluralize
+ * @restrict EA
+ *
+ * @description
+ * # Overview
+ * `ngPluralize` is a directive that displays messages according to en-US localization rules.
+ * These rules are bundled with angular.js, but can be overridden
+ * (see {@link guide/i18n Angular i18n} dev guide). You configure ngPluralize directive
+ * by specifying the mappings between
+ * {@link http://unicode.org/repos/cldr-tmp/trunk/diff/supplemental/language_plural_rules.html
+ * plural categories} and the strings to be displayed.
+ *
+ * # Plural categories and explicit number rules
+ * There are two
+ * {@link http://unicode.org/repos/cldr-tmp/trunk/diff/supplemental/language_plural_rules.html
+ * plural categories} in Angular's default en-US locale: "one" and "other".
+ *
+ * While a plural category may match many numbers (for example, in en-US locale, "other" can match
+ * any number that is not 1), an explicit number rule can only match one number. For example, the
+ * explicit number rule for "3" matches the number 3. There are examples of plural categories
+ * and explicit number rules throughout the rest of this documentation.
+ *
+ * # Configuring ngPluralize
+ * You configure ngPluralize by providing 2 attributes: `count` and `when`.
+ * You can also provide an optional attribute, `offset`.
+ *
+ * The value of the `count` attribute can be either a string or an {@link guide/expression
+ * Angular expression}; these are evaluated on the current scope for its bound value.
+ *
+ * The `when` attribute specifies the mappings between plural categories and the actual
+ * string to be displayed. The value of the attribute should be a JSON object.
+ *
+ * The following example shows how to configure ngPluralize:
+ *
+ * <pre>
+ * <ng-pluralize count="personCount"
+                 when="{'0': 'Nobody is viewing.',
+ *                      'one': '1 person is viewing.',
+ *                      'other': '{} people are viewing.'}">
+ * </ng-pluralize>
+ *</pre>
+ *
+ * In the example, `"0: Nobody is viewing."` is an explicit number rule. If you did not
+ * specify this rule, 0 would be matched to the "other" category and "0 people are viewing"
+ * would be shown instead of "Nobody is viewing". You can specify an explicit number rule for
+ * other numbers, for example 12, so that instead of showing "12 people are viewing", you can
+ * show "a dozen people are viewing".
+ *
+ * You can use a set of closed braces (`{}`) as a placeholder for the number that you want substituted
+ * into pluralized strings. In the previous example, Angular will replace `{}` with
+ * <span ng-non-bindable>`{{personCount}}`</span>. The closed braces `{}` is a placeholder
+ * for <span ng-non-bindable>{{numberExpression}}</span>.
+ *
+ * # Configuring ngPluralize with offset
+ * The `offset` attribute allows further customization of pluralized text, which can result in
+ * a better user experience. For example, instead of the message "4 people are viewing this document",
+ * you might display "John, Kate and 2 others are viewing this document".
+ * The offset attribute allows you to offset a number by any desired value.
+ * Let's take a look at an example:
+ *
+ * <pre>
+ * <ng-pluralize count="personCount" offset=2
+ *               when="{'0': 'Nobody is viewing.',
+ *                      '1': '{{person1}} is viewing.',
+ *                      '2': '{{person1}} and {{person2}} are viewing.',
+ *                      'one': '{{person1}}, {{person2}} and one other person are viewing.',
+ *                      'other': '{{person1}}, {{person2}} and {} other people are viewing.'}">
+ * </ng-pluralize>
+ * </pre>
+ *
+ * Notice that we are still using two plural categories(one, other), but we added
+ * three explicit number rules 0, 1 and 2.
+ * When one person, perhaps John, views the document, "John is viewing" will be shown.
+ * When three people view the document, no explicit number rule is found, so
+ * an offset of 2 is taken off 3, and Angular uses 1 to decide the plural category.
+ * In this case, plural category 'one' is matched and "John, Marry and one other person are viewing"
+ * is shown.
+ *
+ * Note that when you specify offsets, you must provide explicit number rules for
+ * numbers from 0 up to and including the offset. If you use an offset of 3, for example,
+ * you must provide explicit number rules for 0, 1, 2 and 3. You must also provide plural strings for
+ * plural categories "one" and "other".
+ *
+ * @param {string|expression} count The variable to be bounded to.
+ * @param {string} when The mapping between plural category to its corresponding strings.
+ * @param {number=} offset Offset to deduct from the total number.
+ *
+ * @example
+    <doc:example>
+      <doc:source>
+        <script>
+          function Ctrl($scope) {
+            $scope.person1 = 'Igor';
+            $scope.person2 = 'Misko';
+            $scope.personCount = 1;
+          }
+        </script>
+        <div ng-controller="Ctrl">
+          Person 1:<input type="text" ng-model="person1" value="Igor" /><br/>
+          Person 2:<input type="text" ng-model="person2" value="Misko" /><br/>
+          Number of People:<input type="text" ng-model="personCount" value="1" /><br/>
+
+          <!--- Example with simple pluralization rules for en locale --->
+          Without Offset:
+          <ng-pluralize count="personCount"
+                        when="{'0': 'Nobody is viewing.',
+                               'one': '1 person is viewing.',
+                               'other': '{} people are viewing.'}">
+          </ng-pluralize><br>
+
+          <!--- Example with offset --->
+          With Offset(2):
+          <ng-pluralize count="personCount" offset=2
+                        when="{'0': 'Nobody is viewing.',
+                               '1': '{{person1}} is viewing.',
+                               '2': '{{person1}} and {{person2}} are viewing.',
+                               'one': '{{person1}}, {{person2}} and one other person are viewing.',
+                               'other': '{{person1}}, {{person2}} and {} other people are viewing.'}">
+          </ng-pluralize>
+        </div>
+      </doc:source>
+      <doc:scenario>
+        it('should show correct pluralized string', function() {
+          expect(element('.doc-example-live ng-pluralize:first').text()).
+                                             toBe('1 person is viewing.');
+          expect(element('.doc-example-live ng-pluralize:last').text()).
+                                                toBe('Igor is viewing.');
+
+          using('.doc-example-live').input('personCount').enter('0');
+          expect(element('.doc-example-live ng-pluralize:first').text()).
+                                               toBe('Nobody is viewing.');
+          expect(element('.doc-example-live ng-pluralize:last').text()).
+                                              toBe('Nobody is viewing.');
+
+          using('.doc-example-live').input('personCount').enter('2');
+          expect(element('.doc-example-live ng-pluralize:first').text()).
+                                            toBe('2 people are viewing.');
+          expect(element('.doc-example-live ng-pluralize:last').text()).
+                              toBe('Igor and Misko are viewing.');
+
+          using('.doc-example-live').input('personCount').enter('3');
+          expect(element('.doc-example-live ng-pluralize:first').text()).
+                                            toBe('3 people are viewing.');
+          expect(element('.doc-example-live ng-pluralize:last').text()).
+                              toBe('Igor, Misko and one other person are viewing.');
+
+          using('.doc-example-live').input('personCount').enter('4');
+          expect(element('.doc-example-live ng-pluralize:first').text()).
+                                            toBe('4 people are viewing.');
+          expect(element('.doc-example-live ng-pluralize:last').text()).
+                              toBe('Igor, Misko and 2 other people are viewing.');
+        });
+
+        it('should show data-binded names', function() {
+          using('.doc-example-live').input('personCount').enter('4');
+          expect(element('.doc-example-live ng-pluralize:last').text()).
+              toBe('Igor, Misko and 2 other people are viewing.');
+
+          using('.doc-example-live').input('person1').enter('Di');
+          using('.doc-example-live').input('person2').enter('Vojta');
+          expect(element('.doc-example-live ng-pluralize:last').text()).
+              toBe('Di, Vojta and 2 other people are viewing.');
+        });
+      </doc:scenario>
+    </doc:example>
+ */
+var ngPluralizeDirective = ['$locale', '$interpolate', function($locale, $interpolate) {
+  var BRACE = /{}/g;
+  return {
+    restrict: 'EA',
+    link: function(scope, element, attr) {
+      var numberExp = attr.count,
+          whenExp = attr.$attr.when && element.attr(attr.$attr.when), // we have {{}} in attrs
+          offset = attr.offset || 0,
+          whens = scope.$eval(whenExp) || {},
+          whensExpFns = {},
+          startSymbol = $interpolate.startSymbol(),
+          endSymbol = $interpolate.endSymbol(),
+          isWhen = /^when(Minus)?(.+)$/;
+
+      forEach(attr, function(expression, attributeName) {
+        if (isWhen.test(attributeName)) {
+          whens[lowercase(attributeName.replace('when', '').replace('Minus', '-'))] =
+            element.attr(attr.$attr[attributeName]);
+        }
+      });
+      forEach(whens, function(expression, key) {
+        whensExpFns[key] =
+          $interpolate(expression.replace(BRACE, startSymbol + numberExp + '-' +
+            offset + endSymbol));
+      });
+
+      scope.$watch(function ngPluralizeWatch() {
+        var value = parseFloat(scope.$eval(numberExp));
+
+        if (!isNaN(value)) {
+          //if explicit number rule such as 1, 2, 3... is defined, just use it. Otherwise,
+          //check it against pluralization rules in $locale service
+          if (!(value in whens)) value = $locale.pluralCat(value - offset);
+           return whensExpFns[value](scope, element, true);
+        } else {
+          return '';
+        }
+      }, function ngPluralizeWatchAction(newVal) {
+        element.text(newVal);
+      });
+    }
+  };
+}];
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc directive
+ * @name ng.directive:ngRepeat
+ *
+ * @description
+ * The `ngRepeat` directive instantiates a template once per item from a collection. Each template
+ * instance gets its own scope, where the given loop variable is set to the current collection item,
+ * and `$index` is set to the item index or key.
+ *
+ * Special properties are exposed on the local scope of each template instance, including:
+ *
+ * | Variable  | Type            | Details                                                                     |
+ * |-----------|-----------------|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------|
+ * | `$index`  | {@type number}  | iterator offset of the repeated element (0..length-1)                       |
+ * | `$first`  | {@type boolean} | true if the repeated element is first in the iterator.                      |
+ * | `$middle` | {@type boolean} | true if the repeated element is between the first and last in the iterator. |
+ * | `$last`   | {@type boolean} | true if the repeated element is last in the iterator.                       |
+ * | `$even`   | {@type boolean} | true if the iterator position `$index` is even (otherwise false).           |
+ * | `$odd`    | {@type boolean} | true if the iterator position `$index` is odd (otherwise false).            |
+ *
+ *
+ * # Special repeat start and end points
+ * To repeat a series of elements instead of just one parent element, ngRepeat (as well as other ng directives) supports extending
+ * the range of the repeater by defining explicit start and end points by using **ng-repeat-start** and **ng-repeat-end** respectively.
+ * The **ng-repeat-start** directive works the same as **ng-repeat**, but will repeat all the HTML code (including the tag it's defined on)
+ * up to and including the ending HTML tag where **ng-repeat-end** is placed.
+ *
+ * The example below makes use of this feature:
+ * <pre>
+ *   <header ng-repeat-start="item in items">
+ *     Header {{ item }}
+ *   </header>
+ *   <div class="body">
+ *     Body {{ item }}
+ *   </div>
+ *   <footer ng-repeat-end>
+ *     Footer {{ item }}
+ *   </footer>
+ * </pre>
+ *
+ * And with an input of {@type ['A','B']} for the items variable in the example above, the output will evaluate to:
+ * <pre>
+ *   <header>
+ *     Header A
+ *   </header>
+ *   <div class="body">
+ *     Body A
+ *   </div>
+ *   <footer>
+ *     Footer A
+ *   </footer>
+ *   <header>
+ *     Header B
+ *   </header>
+ *   <div class="body">
+ *     Body B
+ *   </div>
+ *   <footer>
+ *     Footer B
+ *   </footer>
+ * </pre>
+ *
+ * The custom start and end points for ngRepeat also support all other HTML directive syntax flavors provided in AngularJS (such
+ * as **data-ng-repeat-start**, **x-ng-repeat-start** and **ng:repeat-start**).
+ *
+ * @animations
+ * enter - when a new item is added to the list or when an item is revealed after a filter
+ * leave - when an item is removed from the list or when an item is filtered out
+ * move - when an adjacent item is filtered out causing a reorder or when the item contents are reordered
+ *
+ * @element ANY
+ * @scope
+ * @priority 1000
+ * @param {repeat_expression} ngRepeat The expression indicating how to enumerate a collection. These
+ *   formats are currently supported:
+ *
+ *   * `variable in expression` – where variable is the user defined loop variable and `expression`
+ *     is a scope expression giving the collection to enumerate.
+ *
+ *     For example: `album in artist.albums`.
+ *
+ *   * `(key, value) in expression` – where `key` and `value` can be any user defined identifiers,
+ *     and `expression` is the scope expression giving the collection to enumerate.
+ *
+ *     For example: `(name, age) in {'adam':10, 'amalie':12}`.
+ *
+ *   * `variable in expression track by tracking_expression` – You can also provide an optional tracking function
+ *     which can be used to associate the objects in the collection with the DOM elements. If no tracking function
+ *     is specified the ng-repeat associates elements by identity in the collection. It is an error to have
+ *     more than one tracking function to resolve to the same key. (This would mean that two distinct objects are
+ *     mapped to the same DOM element, which is not possible.)  Filters should be applied to the expression,
+ *     before specifying a tracking expression.
+ *
+ *     For example: `item in items` is equivalent to `item in items track by $id(item)'. This implies that the DOM elements
+ *     will be associated by item identity in the array.
+ *
+ *     For example: `item in items track by $id(item)`. A built in `$id()` function can be used to assign a unique
+ *     `$$hashKey` property to each item in the array. This property is then used as a key to associated DOM elements
+ *     with the corresponding item in the array by identity. Moving the same object in array would move the DOM
+ *     element in the same way in the DOM.
+ *
+ *     For example: `item in items track by item.id` is a typical pattern when the items come from the database. In this
+ *     case the object identity does not matter. Two objects are considered equivalent as long as their `id`
+ *     property is same.
+ *
+ *     For example: `item in items | filter:searchText track by item.id` is a pattern that might be used to apply a filter
+ *     to items in conjunction with a tracking expression.
+ *
+ * @example
+ * This example initializes the scope to a list of names and
+ * then uses `ngRepeat` to display every person:
+  <example animations="true">
+    <file name="index.html">
+      <div ng-init="friends = [
+        {name:'John', age:25, gender:'boy'},
+        {name:'Jessie', age:30, gender:'girl'},
+        {name:'Johanna', age:28, gender:'girl'},
+        {name:'Joy', age:15, gender:'girl'},
+        {name:'Mary', age:28, gender:'girl'},
+        {name:'Peter', age:95, gender:'boy'},
+        {name:'Sebastian', age:50, gender:'boy'},
+        {name:'Erika', age:27, gender:'girl'},
+        {name:'Patrick', age:40, gender:'boy'},
+        {name:'Samantha', age:60, gender:'girl'}
+      ]">
+        I have {{friends.length}} friends. They are:
+        <input type="search" ng-model="q" placeholder="filter friends..." />
+        <ul class="example-animate-container">
+          <li class="animate-repeat" ng-repeat="friend in friends | filter:q">
+            [{{$index + 1}}] {{friend.name}} who is {{friend.age}} years old.
+          </li>
+        </ul>
+      </div>
+    </file>
+    <file name="animations.css">
+      .example-animate-container {
+        background:white;
+        border:1px solid black;
+        list-style:none;
+        margin:0;
+        padding:0 10px;
+      }
+
+      .animate-repeat {
+        line-height:40px;
+        list-style:none;
+        box-sizing:border-box;
+      }
+
+      .animate-repeat.ng-move,
+      .animate-repeat.ng-enter,
+      .animate-repeat.ng-leave {
+        -webkit-transition:all linear 0.5s;
+        transition:all linear 0.5s;
+      }
+
+      .animate-repeat.ng-leave.ng-leave-active,
+      .animate-repeat.ng-move,
+      .animate-repeat.ng-enter {
+        opacity:0;
+        max-height:0;
+      }
+
+      .animate-repeat.ng-leave,
+      .animate-repeat.ng-move.ng-move-active,
+      .animate-repeat.ng-enter.ng-enter-active {
+        opacity:1;
+        max-height:40px;
+      }
+    </file>
+    <file name="scenario.js">
+       it('should render initial data set', function() {
+         var r = using('.doc-example-live').repeater('ul li');
+         expect(r.count()).toBe(10);
+         expect(r.row(0)).toEqual(["1","John","25"]);
+         expect(r.row(1)).toEqual(["2","Jessie","30"]);
+         expect(r.row(9)).toEqual(["10","Samantha","60"]);
+         expect(binding('friends.length')).toBe("10");
+       });
+
+       it('should update repeater when filter predicate changes', function() {
+         var r = using('.doc-example-live').repeater('ul li');
+         expect(r.count()).toBe(10);
+
+         input('q').enter('ma');
+
+         expect(r.count()).toBe(2);
+         expect(r.row(0)).toEqual(["1","Mary","28"]);
+         expect(r.row(1)).toEqual(["2","Samantha","60"]);
+       });
+      </file>
+    </example>
+ */
+var ngRepeatDirective = ['$parse', '$animate', function($parse, $animate) {
+  var NG_REMOVED = '$$NG_REMOVED';
+  var ngRepeatMinErr = minErr('ngRepeat');
+  return {
+    transclude: 'element',
+    priority: 1000,
+    terminal: true,
+    $$tlb: true,
+    link: function($scope, $element, $attr, ctrl, $transclude){
+        var expression = $attr.ngRepeat;
+        var match = expression.match(/^\s*(.+)\s+in\s+(.*?)\s*(\s+track\s+by\s+(.+)\s*)?$/),
+          trackByExp, trackByExpGetter, trackByIdExpFn, trackByIdArrayFn, trackByIdObjFn,
+          lhs, rhs, valueIdentifier, keyIdentifier,
+          hashFnLocals = {$id: hashKey};
+
+        if (!match) {
+          throw ngRepeatMinErr('iexp', "Expected expression in form of '_item_ in _collection_[ track by _id_]' but got '{0}'.",
+            expression);
+        }
+
+        lhs = match[1];
+        rhs = match[2];
+        trackByExp = match[4];
+
+        if (trackByExp) {
+          trackByExpGetter = $parse(trackByExp);
+          trackByIdExpFn = function(key, value, index) {
+            // assign key, value, and $index to the locals so that they can be used in hash functions
+            if (keyIdentifier) hashFnLocals[keyIdentifier] = key;
+            hashFnLocals[valueIdentifier] = value;
+            hashFnLocals.$index = index;
+            return trackByExpGetter($scope, hashFnLocals);
+          };
+        } else {
+          trackByIdArrayFn = function(key, value) {
+            return hashKey(value);
+          };
+          trackByIdObjFn = function(key) {
+            return key;
+          };
+        }
+
+        match = lhs.match(/^(?:([\$\w]+)|\(([\$\w]+)\s*,\s*([\$\w]+)\))$/);
+        if (!match) {
+          throw ngRepeatMinErr('iidexp', "'_item_' in '_item_ in _collection_' should be an identifier or '(_key_, _value_)' expression, but got '{0}'.",
+                                                                    lhs);
+        }
+        valueIdentifier = match[3] || match[1];
+        keyIdentifier = match[2];
+
+        // Store a list of elements from previous run. This is a hash where key is the item from the
+        // iterator, and the value is objects with following properties.
+        //   - scope: bound scope
+        //   - element: previous element.
+        //   - index: position
+        var lastBlockMap = {};
+
+        //watch props
+        $scope.$watchCollection(rhs, function ngRepeatAction(collection){
+          var index, length,
+              previousNode = $element[0],     // current position of the node
+              nextNode,
+              // Same as lastBlockMap but it has the current state. It will become the
+              // lastBlockMap on the next iteration.
+              nextBlockMap = {},
+              arrayLength,
+              childScope,
+              key, value, // key/value of iteration
+              trackById,
+              trackByIdFn,
+              collectionKeys,
+              block,       // last object information {scope, element, id}
+              nextBlockOrder = [],
+              elementsToRemove;
+
+
+          if (isArrayLike(collection)) {
+            collectionKeys = collection;
+            trackByIdFn = trackByIdExpFn || trackByIdArrayFn;
+          } else {
+            trackByIdFn = trackByIdExpFn || trackByIdObjFn;
+            // if object, extract keys, sort them and use to determine order of iteration over obj props
+            collectionKeys = [];
+            for (key in collection) {
+              if (collection.hasOwnProperty(key) && key.charAt(0) != '$') {
+                collectionKeys.push(key);
+              }
+            }
+            collectionKeys.sort();
+          }
+
+          arrayLength = collectionKeys.length;
+
+          // locate existing items
+          length = nextBlockOrder.length = collectionKeys.length;
+          for(index = 0; index < length; index++) {
+           key = (collection === collectionKeys) ? index : collectionKeys[index];
+           value = collection[key];
+           trackById = trackByIdFn(key, value, index);
+           assertNotHasOwnProperty(trackById, '`track by` id');
+           if(lastBlockMap.hasOwnProperty(trackById)) {
+             block = lastBlockMap[trackById];
+             delete lastBlockMap[trackById];
+             nextBlockMap[trackById] = block;
+             nextBlockOrder[index] = block;
+           } else if (nextBlockMap.hasOwnProperty(trackById)) {
+             // restore lastBlockMap
+             forEach(nextBlockOrder, function(block) {
+               if (block && block.scope) lastBlockMap[block.id] = block;
+             });
+             // This is a duplicate and we need to throw an error
+             throw ngRepeatMinErr('dupes', "Duplicates in a repeater are not allowed. Use 'track by' expression to specify unique keys. Repeater: {0}, Duplicate key: {1}",
+                                                                                                                                                    expression,       trackById);
+           } else {
+             // new never before seen block
+             nextBlockOrder[index] = { id: trackById };
+             nextBlockMap[trackById] = false;
+           }
+         }
+
+          // remove existing items
+          for (key in lastBlockMap) {
+            // lastBlockMap is our own object so we don't need to use special hasOwnPropertyFn
+            if (lastBlockMap.hasOwnProperty(key)) {
+              block = lastBlockMap[key];
+              elementsToRemove = getBlockElements(block.clone);
+              $animate.leave(elementsToRemove);
+              forEach(elementsToRemove, function(element) { element[NG_REMOVED] = true; });
+              block.scope.$destroy();
+            }
+          }
+
+          // we are not using forEach for perf reasons (trying to avoid #call)
+          for (index = 0, length = collectionKeys.length; index < length; index++) {
+            key = (collection === collectionKeys) ? index : collectionKeys[index];
+            value = collection[key];
+            block = nextBlockOrder[index];
+            if (nextBlockOrder[index - 1]) previousNode = getBlockEnd(nextBlockOrder[index - 1]);
+
+            if (block.scope) {
+              // if we have already seen this object, then we need to reuse the
+              // associated scope/element
+              childScope = block.scope;
+
+              nextNode = previousNode;
+              do {
+                nextNode = nextNode.nextSibling;
+              } while(nextNode && nextNode[NG_REMOVED]);
+
+              if (getBlockStart(block) != nextNode) {
+                // existing item which got moved
+                $animate.move(getBlockElements(block.clone), null, jqLite(previousNode));
+              }
+              previousNode = getBlockEnd(block);
+            } else {
+              // new item which we don't know about
+              childScope = $scope.$new();
+            }
+
+            childScope[valueIdentifier] = value;
+            if (keyIdentifier) childScope[keyIdentifier] = key;
+            childScope.$index = index;
+            childScope.$first = (index === 0);
+            childScope.$last = (index === (arrayLength - 1));
+            childScope.$middle = !(childScope.$first || childScope.$last);
+            // jshint bitwise: false
+            childScope.$odd = !(childScope.$even = (index&1) === 0);
+            // jshint bitwise: true
+
+            if (!block.scope) {
+              $transclude(childScope, function(clone) {
+                clone[clone.length++] = document.createComment(' end ngRepeat: ' + expression + ' ');
+                $animate.enter(clone, null, jqLite(previousNode));
+                previousNode = clone;
+                block.scope = childScope;
+                // Note: We only need the first/last node of the cloned nodes.
+                // However, we need to keep the reference to the jqlite wrapper as it might be changed later
+                // by a directive with templateUrl when it's template arrives.
+                block.clone = clone;
+                nextBlockMap[block.id] = block;
+              });
+            }
+          }
+          lastBlockMap = nextBlockMap;
+        });
+    }
+  };
+
+  function getBlockStart(block) {
+    return block.clone[0];
+  }
+
+  function getBlockEnd(block) {
+    return block.clone[block.clone.length - 1];
+  }
+}];
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc directive
+ * @name ng.directive:ngShow
+ *
+ * @description
+ * The `ngShow` directive shows or hides the given HTML element based on the expression
+ * provided to the ngShow attribute. The element is shown or hidden by removing or adding
+ * the `ng-hide` CSS class onto the element. The `.ng-hide` CSS class is predefined
+ * in AngularJS and sets the display style to none (using an !important flag).
+ * For CSP mode please add `angular-csp.css` to your html file (see {@link ng.directive:ngCsp ngCsp}).
+ *
+ * <pre>
+ * <!-- when $scope.myValue is truthy (element is visible) -->
+ * <div ng-show="myValue"></div>
+ *
+ * <!-- when $scope.myValue is falsy (element is hidden) -->
+ * <div ng-show="myValue" class="ng-hide"></div>
+ * </pre>
+ *
+ * When the ngShow expression evaluates to false then the ng-hide CSS class is added to the class attribute
+ * on the element causing it to become hidden. When true, the ng-hide CSS class is removed
+ * from the element causing the element not to appear hidden.
+ *
+ * ## Why is !important used?
+ *
+ * You may be wondering why !important is used for the .ng-hide CSS class. This is because the `.ng-hide` selector
+ * can be easily overridden by heavier selectors. For example, something as simple
+ * as changing the display style on a HTML list item would make hidden elements appear visible.
+ * This also becomes a bigger issue when dealing with CSS frameworks.
+ *
+ * By using !important, the show and hide behavior will work as expected despite any clash between CSS selector
+ * specificity (when !important isn't used with any conflicting styles). If a developer chooses to override the
+ * styling to change how to hide an element then it is just a matter of using !important in their own CSS code.
+ *
+ * ### Overriding .ng-hide
+ *
+ * If you wish to change the hide behavior with ngShow/ngHide then this can be achieved by
+ * restating the styles for the .ng-hide class in CSS:
+ * <pre>
+ * .ng-hide {
+ *   //!annotate CSS Specificity|Not to worry, this will override the AngularJS default...
+ *   display:block!important;
+ *
+ *   //this is just another form of hiding an element
+ *   position:absolute;
+ *   top:-9999px;
+ *   left:-9999px;
+ * }
+ * </pre>
+ *
+ * Just remember to include the important flag so the CSS override will function.
+ *
+ * ## A note about animations with ngShow
+ *
+ * Animations in ngShow/ngHide work with the show and hide events that are triggered when the directive expression
+ * is true and false. This system works like the animation system present with ngClass except that
+ * you must also include the !important flag to override the display property
+ * so that you can perform an animation when the element is hidden during the time of the animation.
+ *
+ * <pre>
+ * //
+ * //a working example can be found at the bottom of this page
+ * //
+ * .my-element.ng-hide-add, .my-element.ng-hide-remove {
+ *   transition:0.5s linear all;
+ *   display:block!important;
+ * }
+ *
+ * .my-element.ng-hide-add { ... }
+ * .my-element.ng-hide-add.ng-hide-add-active { ... }
+ * .my-element.ng-hide-remove { ... }
+ * .my-element.ng-hide-remove.ng-hide-remove-active { ... }
+ * </pre>
+ *
+ * @animations
+ * addClass: .ng-hide - happens after the ngShow expression evaluates to a truthy value and the just before contents are set to visible
+ * removeClass: .ng-hide - happens after the ngShow expression evaluates to a non truthy value and just before the contents are set to hidden
+ *
+ * @element ANY
+ * @param {expression} ngShow If the {@link guide/expression expression} is truthy
+ *     then the element is shown or hidden respectively.
+ *
+ * @example
+  <example animations="true">
+    <file name="index.html">
+      Click me: <input type="checkbox" ng-model="checked"><br/>
+      <div>
+        Show:
+        <div class="check-element animate-show" ng-show="checked">
+          <span class="icon-thumbs-up"></span> I show up when your checkbox is checked.
+        </div>
+      </div>
+      <div>
+        Hide:
+        <div class="check-element animate-show" ng-hide="checked">
+          <span class="icon-thumbs-down"></span> I hide when your checkbox is checked.
+        </div>
+      </div>
+    </file>
+    <file name="animations.css">
+      .animate-show {
+        -webkit-transition:all linear 0.5s;
+        transition:all linear 0.5s;
+        line-height:20px;
+        opacity:1;
+        padding:10px;
+        border:1px solid black;
+        background:white;
+      }
+
+      .animate-show.ng-hide-add,
+      .animate-show.ng-hide-remove {
+        display:block!important;
+      }
+
+      .animate-show.ng-hide {
+        line-height:0;
+        opacity:0;
+        padding:0 10px;
+      }
+
+      .check-element {
+        padding:10px;
+        border:1px solid black;
+        background:white;
+      }
+    </file>
+    <file name="scenario.js">
+       it('should check ng-show / ng-hide', function() {
+         expect(element('.doc-example-live span:first:hidden').count()).toEqual(1);
+         expect(element('.doc-example-live span:last:visible').count()).toEqual(1);
+
+         input('checked').check();
+
+         expect(element('.doc-example-live span:first:visible').count()).toEqual(1);
+         expect(element('.doc-example-live span:last:hidden').count()).toEqual(1);
+       });
+    </file>
+  </example>
+ */
+var ngShowDirective = ['$animate', function($animate) {
+  return function(scope, element, attr) {
+    scope.$watch(attr.ngShow, function ngShowWatchAction(value){
+      $animate[toBoolean(value) ? 'removeClass' : 'addClass'](element, 'ng-hide');
+    });
+  };
+}];
+
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc directive
+ * @name ng.directive:ngHide
+ *
+ * @description
+ * The `ngHide` directive shows or hides the given HTML element based on the expression
+ * provided to the ngHide attribute. The element is shown or hidden by removing or adding
+ * the `ng-hide` CSS class onto the element. The `.ng-hide` CSS class is predefined
+ * in AngularJS and sets the display style to none (using an !important flag).
+ * For CSP mode please add `angular-csp.css` to your html file (see {@link ng.directive:ngCsp ngCsp}).
+ *
+ * <pre>
+ * <!-- when $scope.myValue is truthy (element is hidden) -->
+ * <div ng-hide="myValue"></div>
+ *
+ * <!-- when $scope.myValue is falsy (element is visible) -->
+ * <div ng-hide="myValue" class="ng-hide"></div>
+ * </pre>
+ *
+ * When the ngHide expression evaluates to true then the .ng-hide CSS class is added to the class attribute
+ * on the element causing it to become hidden. When false, the ng-hide CSS class is removed
+ * from the element causing the element not to appear hidden.
+ *
+ * ## Why is !important used?
+ *
+ * You may be wondering why !important is used for the .ng-hide CSS class. This is because the `.ng-hide` selector
+ * can be easily overridden by heavier selectors. For example, something as simple
+ * as changing the display style on a HTML list item would make hidden elements appear visible.
+ * This also becomes a bigger issue when dealing with CSS frameworks.
+ *
+ * By using !important, the show and hide behavior will work as expected despite any clash between CSS selector
+ * specificity (when !important isn't used with any conflicting styles). If a developer chooses to override the
+ * styling to change how to hide an element then it is just a matter of using !important in their own CSS code.
+ *
+ * ### Overriding .ng-hide
+ *
+ * If you wish to change the hide behavior with ngShow/ngHide then this can be achieved by
+ * restating the styles for the .ng-hide class in CSS:
+ * <pre>
+ * .ng-hide {
+ *   //!annotate CSS Specificity|Not to worry, this will override the AngularJS default...
+ *   display:block!important;
+ *
+ *   //this is just another form of hiding an element
+ *   position:absolute;
+ *   top:-9999px;
+ *   left:-9999px;
+ * }
+ * </pre>
+ *
+ * Just remember to include the important flag so the CSS override will function.
+ *
+ * ## A note about animations with ngHide
+ *
+ * Animations in ngShow/ngHide work with the show and hide events that are triggered when the directive expression
+ * is true and false. This system works like the animation system present with ngClass, except that
+ * you must also include the !important flag to override the display property so
+ * that you can perform an animation when the element is hidden during the time of the animation.
+ *
+ * <pre>
+ * //
+ * //a working example can be found at the bottom of this page
+ * //
+ * .my-element.ng-hide-add, .my-element.ng-hide-remove {
+ *   transition:0.5s linear all;
+ *   display:block!important;
+ * }
+ *
+ * .my-element.ng-hide-add { ... }
+ * .my-element.ng-hide-add.ng-hide-add-active { ... }
+ * .my-element.ng-hide-remove { ... }
+ * .my-element.ng-hide-remove.ng-hide-remove-active { ... }
+ * </pre>
+ *
+ * @animations
+ * removeClass: .ng-hide - happens after the ngHide expression evaluates to a truthy value and just before the contents are set to hidden
+ * addClass: .ng-hide - happens after the ngHide expression evaluates to a non truthy value and just before the contents are set to visible
+ *
+ * @element ANY
+ * @param {expression} ngHide If the {@link guide/expression expression} is truthy then
+ *     the element is shown or hidden respectively.
+ *
+ * @example
+  <example animations="true">
+    <file name="index.html">
+      Click me: <input type="checkbox" ng-model="checked"><br/>
+      <div>
+        Show:
+        <div class="check-element animate-hide" ng-show="checked">
+          <span class="icon-thumbs-up"></span> I show up when your checkbox is checked.
+        </div>
+      </div>
+      <div>
+        Hide:
+        <div class="check-element animate-hide" ng-hide="checked">
+          <span class="icon-thumbs-down"></span> I hide when your checkbox is checked.
+        </div>
+      </div>
+    </file>
+    <file name="animations.css">
+      .animate-hide {
+        -webkit-transition:all linear 0.5s;
+        transition:all linear 0.5s;
+        line-height:20px;
+        opacity:1;
+        padding:10px;
+        border:1px solid black;
+        background:white;
+      }
+
+      .animate-hide.ng-hide-add,
+      .animate-hide.ng-hide-remove {
+        display:block!important;
+      }
+
+      .animate-hide.ng-hide {
+        line-height:0;
+        opacity:0;
+        padding:0 10px;
+      }
+
+      .check-element {
+        padding:10px;
+        border:1px solid black;
+        background:white;
+      }
+    </file>
+    <file name="scenario.js">
+       it('should check ng-show / ng-hide', function() {
+         expect(element('.doc-example-live .check-element:first:hidden').count()).toEqual(1);
+         expect(element('.doc-example-live .check-element:last:visible').count()).toEqual(1);
+
+         input('checked').check();
+
+         expect(element('.doc-example-live .check-element:first:visible').count()).toEqual(1);
+         expect(element('.doc-example-live .check-element:last:hidden').count()).toEqual(1);
+       });
+    </file>
+  </example>
+ */
+var ngHideDirective = ['$animate', function($animate) {
+  return function(scope, element, attr) {
+    scope.$watch(attr.ngHide, function ngHideWatchAction(value){
+      $animate[toBoolean(value) ? 'addClass' : 'removeClass'](element, 'ng-hide');
+    });
+  };
+}];
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc directive
+ * @name ng.directive:ngStyle
+ * @restrict AC
+ *
+ * @description
+ * The `ngStyle` directive allows you to set CSS style on an HTML element conditionally.
+ *
+ * @element ANY
+ * @param {expression} ngStyle {@link guide/expression Expression} which evals to an
+ *      object whose keys are CSS style names and values are corresponding values for those CSS
+ *      keys.
+ *
+ * @example
+   <example>
+     <file name="index.html">
+        <input type="button" value="set" ng-click="myStyle={color:'red'}">
+        <input type="button" value="clear" ng-click="myStyle={}">
+        <br/>
+        <span ng-style="myStyle">Sample Text</span>
+        <pre>myStyle={{myStyle}}</pre>
+     </file>
+     <file name="style.css">
+       span {
+         color: black;
+       }
+     </file>
+     <file name="scenario.js">
+       it('should check ng-style', function() {
+         expect(element('.doc-example-live span').css('color')).toBe('rgb(0, 0, 0)');
+         element('.doc-example-live :button[value=set]').click();
+         expect(element('.doc-example-live span').css('color')).toBe('rgb(255, 0, 0)');
+         element('.doc-example-live :button[value=clear]').click();
+         expect(element('.doc-example-live span').css('color')).toBe('rgb(0, 0, 0)');
+       });
+     </file>
+   </example>
+ */
+var ngStyleDirective = ngDirective(function(scope, element, attr) {
+  scope.$watch(attr.ngStyle, function ngStyleWatchAction(newStyles, oldStyles) {
+    if (oldStyles && (newStyles !== oldStyles)) {
+      forEach(oldStyles, function(val, style) { element.css(style, '');});
+    }
+    if (newStyles) element.css(newStyles);
+  }, true);
+});
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc directive
+ * @name ng.directive:ngSwitch
+ * @restrict EA
+ *
+ * @description
+ * The `ngSwitch` directive is used to conditionally swap DOM structure on your template based on a scope expression.
+ * Elements within `ngSwitch` but without `ngSwitchWhen` or `ngSwitchDefault` directives will be preserved at the location
+ * as specified in the template.
+ *
+ * The directive itself works similar to ngInclude, however, instead of downloading template code (or loading it
+ * from the template cache), `ngSwitch` simply choses one of the nested elements and makes it visible based on which element
+ * matches the value obtained from the evaluated expression. In other words, you define a container element
+ * (where you place the directive), place an expression on the **`on="..."` attribute**
+ * (or the **`ng-switch="..."` attribute**), define any inner elements inside of the directive and place
+ * a when attribute per element. The when attribute is used to inform ngSwitch which element to display when the on
+ * expression is evaluated. If a matching expression is not found via a when attribute then an element with the default
+ * attribute is displayed.
+ *
+ * <div class="alert alert-info">
+ * Be aware that the attribute values to match against cannot be expressions. They are interpreted
+ * as literal string values to match against.
+ * For example, **`ng-switch-when="someVal"`** will match against the string `"someVal"` not against the
+ * value of the expression `$scope.someVal`.
+ * </div>
+
+ * @animations
+ * enter - happens after the ngSwitch contents change and the matched child element is placed inside the container
+ * leave - happens just after the ngSwitch contents change and just before the former contents are removed from the DOM
+ *
+ * @usage
+ * <ANY ng-switch="expression">
+ *   <ANY ng-switch-when="matchValue1">...</ANY>
+ *   <ANY ng-switch-when="matchValue2">...</ANY>
+ *   <ANY ng-switch-default>...</ANY>
+ * </ANY>
+ *
+ *
+ * @scope
+ * @priority 800
+ * @param {*} ngSwitch|on expression to match against <tt>ng-switch-when</tt>.
+ * @paramDescription
+ * On child elements add:
+ *
+ * * `ngSwitchWhen`: the case statement to match against. If match then this
+ *   case will be displayed. If the same match appears multiple times, all the
+ *   elements will be displayed.
+ * * `ngSwitchDefault`: the default case when no other case match. If there
+ *   are multiple default cases, all of them will be displayed when no other
+ *   case match.
+ *
+ *
+ * @example
+  <example animations="true">
+    <file name="index.html">
+      <div ng-controller="Ctrl">
+        <select ng-model="selection" ng-options="item for item in items">
+        </select>
+        <tt>selection={{selection}}</tt>
+        <hr/>
+        <div class="animate-switch-container"
+          ng-switch on="selection">
+            <div class="animate-switch" ng-switch-when="settings">Settings Div</div>
+            <div class="animate-switch" ng-switch-when="home">Home Span</div>
+            <div class="animate-switch" ng-switch-default>default</div>
+        </div>
+      </div>
+    </file>
+    <file name="script.js">
+      function Ctrl($scope) {
+        $scope.items = ['settings', 'home', 'other'];
+        $scope.selection = $scope.items[0];
+      }
+    </file>
+    <file name="animations.css">
+      .animate-switch-container {
+        position:relative;
+        background:white;
+        border:1px solid black;
+        height:40px;
+        overflow:hidden;
+      }
+
+      .animate-switch {
+        padding:10px;
+      }
+
+      .animate-switch.ng-animate {
+        -webkit-transition:all cubic-bezier(0.250, 0.460, 0.450, 0.940) 0.5s;
+        transition:all cubic-bezier(0.250, 0.460, 0.450, 0.940) 0.5s;
+
+        position:absolute;
+        top:0;
+        left:0;
+        right:0;
+        bottom:0;
+      }
+
+      .animate-switch.ng-leave.ng-leave-active,
+      .animate-switch.ng-enter {
+        top:-50px;
+      }
+      .animate-switch.ng-leave,
+      .animate-switch.ng-enter.ng-enter-active {
+        top:0;
+      }
+    </file>
+    <file name="scenario.js">
+      it('should start in settings', function() {
+        expect(element('.doc-example-live [ng-switch]').text()).toMatch(/Settings Div/);
+      });
+      it('should change to home', function() {
+        select('selection').option('home');
+        expect(element('.doc-example-live [ng-switch]').text()).toMatch(/Home Span/);
+      });
+      it('should select default', function() {
+        select('selection').option('other');
+        expect(element('.doc-example-live [ng-switch]').text()).toMatch(/default/);
+      });
+    </file>
+  </example>
+ */
+var ngSwitchDirective = ['$animate', function($animate) {
+  return {
+    restrict: 'EA',
+    require: 'ngSwitch',
+
+    // asks for $scope to fool the BC controller module
+    controller: ['$scope', function ngSwitchController() {
+     this.cases = {};
+    }],
+    link: function(scope, element, attr, ngSwitchController) {
+      var watchExpr = attr.ngSwitch || attr.on,
+          selectedTranscludes,
+          selectedElements,
+          selectedScopes = [];
+
+      scope.$watch(watchExpr, function ngSwitchWatchAction(value) {
+        for (var i= 0, ii=selectedScopes.length; i<ii; i++) {
+          selectedScopes[i].$destroy();
+          $animate.leave(selectedElements[i]);
+        }
+
+        selectedElements = [];
+        selectedScopes = [];
+
+        if ((selectedTranscludes = ngSwitchController.cases['!' + value] || ngSwitchController.cases['?'])) {
+          scope.$eval(attr.change);
+          forEach(selectedTranscludes, function(selectedTransclude) {
+            var selectedScope = scope.$new();
+            selectedScopes.push(selectedScope);
+            selectedTransclude.transclude(selectedScope, function(caseElement) {
+              var anchor = selectedTransclude.element;
+
+              selectedElements.push(caseElement);
+              $animate.enter(caseElement, anchor.parent(), anchor);
+            });
+          });
+        }
+      });
+    }
+  };
+}];
+
+var ngSwitchWhenDirective = ngDirective({
+  transclude: 'element',
+  priority: 800,
+  require: '^ngSwitch',
+  compile: function(element, attrs) {
+    return function(scope, element, attr, ctrl, $transclude) {
+      ctrl.cases['!' + attrs.ngSwitchWhen] = (ctrl.cases['!' + attrs.ngSwitchWhen] || []);
+      ctrl.cases['!' + attrs.ngSwitchWhen].push({ transclude: $transclude, element: element });
+    };
+  }
+});
+
+var ngSwitchDefaultDirective = ngDirective({
+  transclude: 'element',
+  priority: 800,
+  require: '^ngSwitch',
+  link: function(scope, element, attr, ctrl, $transclude) {
+    ctrl.cases['?'] = (ctrl.cases['?'] || []);
+    ctrl.cases['?'].push({ transclude: $transclude, element: element });
+   }
+});
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc directive
+ * @name ng.directive:ngTransclude
+ * @restrict AC
+ *
+ * @description
+ * Directive that marks the insertion point for the transcluded DOM of the nearest parent directive that uses transclusion.
+ *
+ * Any existing content of the element that this directive is placed on will be removed before the transcluded content is inserted.
+ *
+ * @element ANY
+ *
+ * @example
+   <doc:example module="transclude">
+     <doc:source>
+       <script>
+         function Ctrl($scope) {
+           $scope.title = 'Lorem Ipsum';
+           $scope.text = 'Neque porro quisquam est qui dolorem ipsum quia dolor...';
+         }
+
+         angular.module('transclude', [])
+          .directive('pane', function(){
+             return {
+               restrict: 'E',
+               transclude: true,
+               scope: { title:'@' },
+               template: '<div style="border: 1px solid black;">' +
+                           '<div style="background-color: gray">{{title}}</div>' +
+                           '<div ng-transclude></div>' +
+                         '</div>'
+             };
+         });
+       </script>
+       <div ng-controller="Ctrl">
+         <input ng-model="title"><br>
+         <textarea ng-model="text"></textarea> <br/>
+         <pane title="{{title}}">{{text}}</pane>
+       </div>
+     </doc:source>
+     <doc:scenario>
+        it('should have transcluded', function() {
+          input('title').enter('TITLE');
+          input('text').enter('TEXT');
+          expect(binding('title')).toEqual('TITLE');
+          expect(binding('text')).toEqual('TEXT');
+        });
+     </doc:scenario>
+   </doc:example>
+ *
+ */
+var ngTranscludeDirective = ngDirective({
+  controller: ['$element', '$transclude', function($element, $transclude) {
+    if (!$transclude) {
+      throw minErr('ngTransclude')('orphan',
+          'Illegal use of ngTransclude directive in the template! ' +
+          'No parent directive that requires a transclusion found. ' +
+          'Element: {0}',
+          startingTag($element));
+    }
+
+    // remember the transclusion fn but call it during linking so that we don't process transclusion before directives on
+    // the parent element even when the transclusion replaces the current element. (we can't use priority here because
+    // that applies only to compile fns and not controllers
+    this.$transclude = $transclude;
+  }],
+
+  link: function($scope, $element, $attrs, controller) {
+    controller.$transclude(function(clone) {
+      $element.empty();
+      $element.append(clone);
+    });
+  }
+});
+
+/**
+ * @ngdoc directive
+ * @name ng.directive:script
+ * @restrict E
+ *
+ * @description
+ * Load content of a script tag, with type `text/ng-template`, into `$templateCache`, so that the
+ * template can be used by `ngInclude`, `ngView` or directive templates.
+ *
+ * @param {'text/ng-template'} type must be set to `'text/ng-template'`
+ *
+ * @example
+  <doc:example>
+    <doc:source>
+      <script type="text/ng-template" id="/tpl.html">
+        Content of the template.
+      </script>
+
+      <a ng-click="currentTpl='/tpl.html'" id="tpl-link">Load inlined template</a>
+      <div id="tpl-content" ng-include src="currentTpl"></div>
+    </doc:source>
+    <doc:scenario>
+      it('should load template defined inside script tag', function() {
+        element('#tpl-link').click();
+        expect(element('#tpl-content').text()).toMatch(/Content of the template/);
+      });
+    </doc:scenario>
+  </doc:example>
+ */
+var scriptDirective = ['$templateCache', function($templateCache) {
+  return {
+    restrict: 'E',
+    terminal: true,
+    compile: function(element, attr) {
+      if (attr.type == 'text/ng-template') {
+        var templateUrl = attr.id,
+            // IE is not consistent, in scripts we have to read .text but in other nodes we have to read .textContent
+            text = element[0].text;
+
+        $templateCache.put(templateUrl, text);
+      }
+    }
+  };
+}];
+
+var ngOptionsMinErr = minErr('ngOptions');
+/**
+ * @ngdoc directive
+ * @name ng.directive:select
+ * @restrict E
+ *
+ * @description
+ * HTML `SELECT` element with angular data-binding.
+ *
+ * # `ngOptions`
+ *
+ * The `ngOptions` attribute can be used to dynamically generate a list of `<option>`
+ * elements for the `<select>` element using the array or object obtained by evaluating the
+ * `ngOptions` comprehension_expression.
+ *
+ * When an item in the `<select>` menu is selected, the array element or object property
+ * represented by the selected option will be bound to the model identified by the `ngModel`
+ * directive.
+ *
+ * Optionally, a single hard-coded `<option>` element, with the value set to an empty string, can
+ * be nested into the `<select>` element. This element will then represent the `null` or "not selected"
+ * option. See example below for demonstration.
+ *
+ * Note: `ngOptions` provides iterator facility for `<option>` element which should be used instead
+ * of {@link ng.directive:ngRepeat ngRepeat} when you want the
+ * `select` model to be bound to a non-string value. This is because an option element can only
+ * be bound to string values at present.
+ *
+ * @param {string} ngModel Assignable angular expression to data-bind to.
+ * @param {string=} name Property name of the form under which the control is published.
+ * @param {string=} required The control is considered valid only if value is entered.
+ * @param {string=} ngRequired Adds `required` attribute and `required` validation constraint to
+ *    the element when the ngRequired expression evaluates to true. Use `ngRequired` instead of
+ *    `required` when you want to data-bind to the `required` attribute.
+ * @param {comprehension_expression=} ngOptions in one of the following forms:
+ *
+ *   * for array data sources:
+ *     * `label` **`for`** `value` **`in`** `array`
+ *     * `select` **`as`** `label` **`for`** `value` **`in`** `array`
+ *     * `label`  **`group by`** `group` **`for`** `value` **`in`** `array`
+ *     * `select` **`as`** `label` **`group by`** `group` **`for`** `value` **`in`** `array` **`track by`** `trackexpr`
+ *   * for object data sources:
+ *     * `label` **`for (`**`key` **`,`** `value`**`) in`** `object`
+ *     * `select` **`as`** `label` **`for (`**`key` **`,`** `value`**`) in`** `object`
+ *     * `label` **`group by`** `group` **`for (`**`key`**`,`** `value`**`) in`** `object`
+ *     * `select` **`as`** `label` **`group by`** `group`
+ *         **`for` `(`**`key`**`,`** `value`**`) in`** `object`
+ *
+ * Where:
+ *
+ *   * `array` / `object`: an expression which evaluates to an array / object to iterate over.
+ *   * `value`: local variable which will refer to each item in the `array` or each property value
+ *      of `object` during iteration.
+ *   * `key`: local variable which will refer to a property name in `object` during iteration.
+ *   * `label`: The result of this expression will be the label for `<option>` element. The
+ *     `expression` will most likely refer to the `value` variable (e.g. `value.propertyName`).
+ *   * `select`: The result of this expression will be bound to the model of the parent `<select>`
+ *      element. If not specified, `select` expression will default to `value`.
+ *   * `group`: The result of this expression will be used to group options using the `<optgroup>`
+ *      DOM element.
+ *   * `trackexpr`: Used when working with an array of objects. The result of this expression will be
+ *      used to identify the objects in the array. The `trackexpr` will most likely refer to the
+ *     `value` variable (e.g. `value.propertyName`).
+ *
+ * @example
+    <doc:example>
+      <doc:source>
+        <script>
+        function MyCntrl($scope) {
+          $scope.colors = [
+            {name:'black', shade:'dark'},
+            {name:'white', shade:'light'},
+            {name:'red', shade:'dark'},
+            {name:'blue', shade:'dark'},
+            {name:'yellow', shade:'light'}
+          ];
+          $scope.color = $scope.colors[2]; // red
+        }
+        </script>
+        <div ng-controller="MyCntrl">
+          <ul>
+            <li ng-repeat="color in colors">
+              Name: <input ng-model="color.name">
+              [<a href ng-click="colors.splice($index, 1)">X</a>]
+            </li>
+            <li>
+              [<a href ng-click="colors.push({})">add</a>]
+            </li>
+          </ul>
+          <hr/>
+          Color (null not allowed):
+          <select ng-model="color" ng-options="c.name for c in colors"></select><br>
+
+          Color (null allowed):
+          <span  class="nullable">
+            <select ng-model="color" ng-options="c.name for c in colors">
+              <option value="">-- choose color --</option>
+            </select>
+          </span><br/>
+
+          Color grouped by shade:
+          <select ng-model="color" ng-options="c.name group by c.shade for c in colors">
+          </select><br/>
+
+
+          Select <a href ng-click="color={name:'not in list'}">bogus</a>.<br>
+          <hr/>
+          Currently selected: {{ {selected_color:color}  }}
+          <div style="border:solid 1px black; height:20px"
+               ng-style="{'background-color':color.name}">
+          </div>
+        </div>
+      </doc:source>
+      <doc:scenario>
+         it('should check ng-options', function() {
+           expect(binding('{selected_color:color}')).toMatch('red');
+           select('color').option('0');
+           expect(binding('{selected_color:color}')).toMatch('black');
+           using('.nullable').select('color').option('');
+           expect(binding('{selected_color:color}')).toMatch('null');
+         });
+      </doc:scenario>
+    </doc:example>
+ */
+
+var ngOptionsDirective = valueFn({ terminal: true });
+// jshint maxlen: false
+var selectDirective = ['$compile', '$parse', function($compile,   $parse) {
+                         //0000111110000000000022220000000000000000000000333300000000000000444444444444444000000000555555555555555000000066666666666666600000000000000007777000000000000000000088888
+  var NG_OPTIONS_REGEXP = /^\s*(.*?)(?:\s+as\s+(.*?))?(?:\s+group\s+by\s+(.*))?\s+for\s+(?:([\$\w][\$\w]*)|(?:\(\s*([\$\w][\$\w]*)\s*,\s*([\$\w][\$\w]*)\s*\)))\s+in\s+(.*?)(?:\s+track\s+by\s+(.*?))?$/,
+      nullModelCtrl = {$setViewValue: noop};
+// jshint maxlen: 100
+
+  return {
+    restrict: 'E',
+    require: ['select', '?ngModel'],
+    controller: ['$element', '$scope', '$attrs', function($element, $scope, $attrs) {
+      var self = this,
+          optionsMap = {},
+          ngModelCtrl = nullModelCtrl,
+          nullOption,
+          unknownOption;
+
+
+      self.databound = $attrs.ngModel;
+
+
+      self.init = function(ngModelCtrl_, nullOption_, unknownOption_) {
+        ngModelCtrl = ngModelCtrl_;
+        nullOption = nullOption_;
+        unknownOption = unknownOption_;
+      };
+
+
+      self.addOption = function(value) {
+        assertNotHasOwnProperty(value, '"option value"');
+        optionsMap[value] = true;
+
+        if (ngModelCtrl.$viewValue == value) {
+          $element.val(value);
+          if (unknownOption.parent()) unknownOption.remove();
+        }
+      };
+
+
+      self.removeOption = function(value) {
+        if (this.hasOption(value)) {
+          delete optionsMap[value];
+          if (ngModelCtrl.$viewValue == value) {
+            this.renderUnknownOption(value);
+          }
+        }
+      };
+
+
+      self.renderUnknownOption = function(val) {
+        var unknownVal = '? ' + hashKey(val) + ' ?';
+        unknownOption.val(unknownVal);
+        $element.prepend(unknownOption);
+        $element.val(unknownVal);
+        unknownOption.prop('selected', true); // needed for IE
+      };
+
+
+      self.hasOption = function(value) {
+        return optionsMap.hasOwnProperty(value);
+      };
+
+      $scope.$on('$destroy', function() {
+        // disable unknown option so that we don't do work when the whole select is being destroyed
+        self.renderUnknownOption = noop;
+      });
+    }],
+
+    link: function(scope, element, attr, ctrls) {
+      // if ngModel is not defined, we don't need to do anything
+      if (!ctrls[1]) return;
+
+      var selectCtrl = ctrls[0],
+          ngModelCtrl = ctrls[1],
+          multiple = attr.multiple,
+          optionsExp = attr.ngOptions,
+          nullOption = false, // if false, user will not be able to select it (used by ngOptions)
+          emptyOption,
+          // we can't just jqLite('<option>') since jqLite is not smart enough
+          // to create it in <select> and IE barfs otherwise.
+          optionTemplate = jqLite(document.createElement('option')),
+          optGroupTemplate =jqLite(document.createElement('optgroup')),
+          unknownOption = optionTemplate.clone();
+
+      // find "null" option
+      for(var i = 0, children = element.children(), ii = children.length; i < ii; i++) {
+        if (children[i].value === '') {
+          emptyOption = nullOption = children.eq(i);
+          break;
+        }
+      }
+
+      selectCtrl.init(ngModelCtrl, nullOption, unknownOption);
+
+      // required validator
+      if (multiple && (attr.required || attr.ngRequired)) {
+        var requiredValidator = function(value) {
+          ngModelCtrl.$setValidity('required', !attr.required || (value && value.length));
+          return value;
+        };
+
+        ngModelCtrl.$parsers.push(requiredValidator);
+        ngModelCtrl.$formatters.unshift(requiredValidator);
+
+        attr.$observe('required', function() {
+          requiredValidator(ngModelCtrl.$viewValue);
+        });
+      }
+
+      if (optionsExp) setupAsOptions(scope, element, ngModelCtrl);
+      else if (multiple) setupAsMultiple(scope, element, ngModelCtrl);
+      else setupAsSingle(scope, element, ngModelCtrl, selectCtrl);
+
+
+      ////////////////////////////
+
+
+
+      function setupAsSingle(scope, selectElement, ngModelCtrl, selectCtrl) {
+        ngModelCtrl.$render = function() {
+          var viewValue = ngModelCtrl.$viewValue;
+
+          if (selectCtrl.hasOption(viewValue)) {
+            if (unknownOption.parent()) unknownOption.remove();
+            selectElement.val(viewValue);
+            if (viewValue === '') emptyOption.prop('selected', true); // to make IE9 happy
+          } else {
+            if (isUndefined(viewValue) && emptyOption) {
+              selectElement.val('');
+            } else {
+              selectCtrl.renderUnknownOption(viewValue);
+            }
+          }
+        };
+
+        selectElement.on('change', function() {
+          scope.$apply(function() {
+            if (unknownOption.parent()) unknownOption.remove();
+            ngModelCtrl.$setViewValue(selectElement.val());
+          });
+        });
+      }
+
+      function setupAsMultiple(scope, selectElement, ctrl) {
+        var lastView;
+        ctrl.$render = function() {
+          var items = new HashMap(ctrl.$viewValue);
+          forEach(selectElement.find('option'), function(option) {
+            option.selected = isDefined(items.get(option.value));
+          });
+        };
+
+        // we have to do it on each watch since ngModel watches reference, but
+        // we need to work of an array, so we need to see if anything was inserted/removed
+        scope.$watch(function selectMultipleWatch() {
+          if (!equals(lastView, ctrl.$viewValue)) {
+            lastView = copy(ctrl.$viewValue);
+            ctrl.$render();
+          }
+        });
+
+        selectElement.on('change', function() {
+          scope.$apply(function() {
+            var array = [];
+            forEach(selectElement.find('option'), function(option) {
+              if (option.selected) {
+                array.push(option.value);
+              }
+            });
+            ctrl.$setViewValue(array);
+          });
+        });
+      }
+
+      function setupAsOptions(scope, selectElement, ctrl) {
+        var match;
+
+        if (! (match = optionsExp.match(NG_OPTIONS_REGEXP))) {
+          throw ngOptionsMinErr('iexp',
+            "Expected expression in form of " +
+            "'_select_ (as _label_)? for (_key_,)?_value_ in _collection_'" +
+            " but got '{0}'. Element: {1}",
+            optionsExp, startingTag(selectElement));
+        }
+
+        var displayFn = $parse(match[2] || match[1]),
+            valueName = match[4] || match[6],
+            keyName = match[5],
+            groupByFn = $parse(match[3] || ''),
+            valueFn = $parse(match[2] ? match[1] : valueName),
+            valuesFn = $parse(match[7]),
+            track = match[8],
+            trackFn = track ? $parse(match[8]) : null,
+            // This is an array of array of existing option groups in DOM.
+            // We try to reuse these if possible
+            // - optionGroupsCache[0] is the options with no option group
+            // - optionGroupsCache[?][0] is the parent: either the SELECT or OPTGROUP element
+            optionGroupsCache = [[{element: selectElement, label:''}]];
+
+        if (nullOption) {
+          // compile the element since there might be bindings in it
+          $compile(nullOption)(scope);
+
+          // remove the class, which is added automatically because we recompile the element and it
+          // becomes the compilation root
+          nullOption.removeClass('ng-scope');
+
+          // we need to remove it before calling selectElement.empty() because otherwise IE will
+          // remove the label from the element. wtf?
+          nullOption.remove();
+        }
+
+        // clear contents, we'll add what's needed based on the model
+        selectElement.empty();
+
+        selectElement.on('change', function() {
+          scope.$apply(function() {
+            var optionGroup,
+                collection = valuesFn(scope) || [],
+                locals = {},
+                key, value, optionElement, index, groupIndex, length, groupLength, trackIndex;
+
+            if (multiple) {
+              value = [];
+              for (groupIndex = 0, groupLength = optionGroupsCache.length;
+                   groupIndex < groupLength;
+                   groupIndex++) {
+                // list of options for that group. (first item has the parent)
+                optionGroup = optionGroupsCache[groupIndex];
+
+                for(index = 1, length = optionGroup.length; index < length; index++) {
+                  if ((optionElement = optionGroup[index].element)[0].selected) {
+                    key = optionElement.val();
+                    if (keyName) locals[keyName] = key;
+                    if (trackFn) {
+                      for (trackIndex = 0; trackIndex < collection.length; trackIndex++) {
+                        locals[valueName] = collection[trackIndex];
+                        if (trackFn(scope, locals) == key) break;
+                      }
+                    } else {
+                      locals[valueName] = collection[key];
+                    }
+                    value.push(valueFn(scope, locals));
+                  }
+                }
+              }
+            } else {
+              key = selectElement.val();
+              if (key == '?') {
+                value = undefined;
+              } else if (key === ''){
+                value = null;
+              } else {
+                if (trackFn) {
+                  for (trackIndex = 0; trackIndex < collection.length; trackIndex++) {
+                    locals[valueName] = collection[trackIndex];
+                    if (trackFn(scope, locals) == key) {
+                      value = valueFn(scope, locals);
+                      break;
+                    }
+                  }
+                } else {
+                  locals[valueName] = collection[key];
+                  if (keyName) locals[keyName] = key;
+                  value = valueFn(scope, locals);
+                }
+              }
+            }
+            ctrl.$setViewValue(value);
+          });
+        });
+
+        ctrl.$render = render;
+
+        // TODO(vojta): can't we optimize this ?
+        scope.$watch(render);
+
+        function render() {
+              // Temporary location for the option groups before we render them
+          var optionGroups = {'':[]},
+              optionGroupNames = [''],
+              optionGroupName,
+              optionGroup,
+              option,
+              existingParent, existingOptions, existingOption,
+              modelValue = ctrl.$modelValue,
+              values = valuesFn(scope) || [],
+              keys = keyName ? sortedKeys(values) : values,
+              key,
+              groupLength, length,
+              groupIndex, index,
+              locals = {},
+              selected,
+              selectedSet = false, // nothing is selected yet
+              lastElement,
+              element,
+              label;
+
+          if (multiple) {
+            if (trackFn && isArray(modelValue)) {
+              selectedSet = new HashMap([]);
+              for (var trackIndex = 0; trackIndex < modelValue.length; trackIndex++) {
+                locals[valueName] = modelValue[trackIndex];
+                selectedSet.put(trackFn(scope, locals), modelValue[trackIndex]);
+              }
+            } else {
+              selectedSet = new HashMap(modelValue);
+            }
+          }
+
+          // We now build up the list of options we need (we merge later)
+          for (index = 0; length = keys.length, index < length; index++) {
+            
+            key = index;
+            if (keyName) {
+              key = keys[index];
+              if ( key.charAt(0) === '$' ) continue;
+              locals[keyName] = key;
+            }
+
+            locals[valueName] = values[key];
+
+            optionGroupName = groupByFn(scope, locals) || '';
+            if (!(optionGroup = optionGroups[optionGroupName])) {
+              optionGroup = optionGroups[optionGroupName] = [];
+              optionGroupNames.push(optionGroupName);
+            }
+            if (multiple) {
+              selected = isDefined(
+                selectedSet.remove(trackFn ? trackFn(scope, locals) : valueFn(scope, locals))
+              );
+            } else {
+              if (trackFn) {
+                var modelCast = {};
+                modelCast[valueName] = modelValue;
+                selected = trackFn(scope, modelCast) === trackFn(scope, locals);
+              } else {
+                selected = modelValue === valueFn(scope, locals);
+              }
+              selectedSet = selectedSet || selected; // see if at least one item is selected
+            }
+            label = displayFn(scope, locals); // what will be seen by the user
+
+            // doing displayFn(scope, locals) || '' overwrites zero values
+            label = isDefined(label) ? label : '';
+            optionGroup.push({
+              // either the index into array or key from object
+              id: trackFn ? trackFn(scope, locals) : (keyName ? keys[index] : index),
+              label: label,
+              selected: selected                   // determine if we should be selected
+            });
+          }
+          if (!multiple) {
+            if (nullOption || modelValue === null) {
+              // insert null option if we have a placeholder, or the model is null
+              optionGroups[''].unshift({id:'', label:'', selected:!selectedSet});
+            } else if (!selectedSet) {
+              // option could not be found, we have to insert the undefined item
+              optionGroups[''].unshift({id:'?', label:'', selected:true});
+            }
+          }
+
+          // Now we need to update the list of DOM nodes to match the optionGroups we computed above
+          for (groupIndex = 0, groupLength = optionGroupNames.length;
+               groupIndex < groupLength;
+               groupIndex++) {
+            // current option group name or '' if no group
+            optionGroupName = optionGroupNames[groupIndex];
+
+            // list of options for that group. (first item has the parent)
+            optionGroup = optionGroups[optionGroupName];
+
+            if (optionGroupsCache.length <= groupIndex) {
+              // we need to grow the optionGroups
+              existingParent = {
+                element: optGroupTemplate.clone().attr('label', optionGroupName),
+                label: optionGroup.label
+              };
+              existingOptions = [existingParent];
+              optionGroupsCache.push(existingOptions);
+              selectElement.append(existingParent.element);
+            } else {
+              existingOptions = optionGroupsCache[groupIndex];
+              existingParent = existingOptions[0];  // either SELECT (no group) or OPTGROUP element
+
+              // update the OPTGROUP label if not the same.
+              if (existingParent.label != optionGroupName) {
+                existingParent.element.attr('label', existingParent.label = optionGroupName);
+              }
+            }
+
+            lastElement = null;  // start at the beginning
+            for(index = 0, length = optionGroup.length; index < length; index++) {
+              option = optionGroup[index];
+              if ((existingOption = existingOptions[index+1])) {
+                // reuse elements
+                lastElement = existingOption.element;
+                if (existingOption.label !== option.label) {
+                  lastElement.text(existingOption.label = option.label);
+                }
+                if (existingOption.id !== option.id) {
+                  lastElement.val(existingOption.id = option.id);
+                }
+                // lastElement.prop('selected') provided by jQuery has side-effects
+                if (lastElement[0].selected !== option.selected) {
+                  lastElement.prop('selected', (existingOption.selected = option.selected));
+                }
+              } else {
+                // grow elements
+
+                // if it's a null option
+                if (option.id === '' && nullOption) {
+                  // put back the pre-compiled element
+                  element = nullOption;
+                } else {
+                  // jQuery(v1.4.2) Bug: We should be able to chain the method calls, but
+                  // in this version of jQuery on some browser the .text() returns a string
+                  // rather then the element.
+                  (element = optionTemplate.clone())
+                      .val(option.id)
+                      .attr('selected', option.selected)
+                      .text(option.label);
+                }
+
+                existingOptions.push(existingOption = {
+                    element: element,
+                    label: option.label,
+                    id: option.id,
+                    selected: option.selected
+                });
+                if (lastElement) {
+                  lastElement.after(element);
+                } else {
+                  existingParent.element.append(element);
+                }
+                lastElement = element;
+              }
+            }
+            // remove any excessive OPTIONs in a group
+            index++; // increment since the existingOptions[0] is parent element not OPTION
+            while(existingOptions.length > index) {
+              existingOptions.pop().element.remove();
+            }
+          }
+          // remove any excessive OPTGROUPs from select
+          while(optionGroupsCache.length > groupIndex) {
+            optionGroupsCache.pop()[0].element.remove();
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  };
+}];
+
+var optionDirective = ['$interpolate', function($interpolate) {
+  var nullSelectCtrl = {
+    addOption: noop,
+    removeOption: noop
+  };
+
+  return {
+    restrict: 'E',
+    priority: 100,
+    compile: function(element, attr) {
+      if (isUndefined(attr.value)) {
+        var interpolateFn = $interpolate(element.text(), true);
+        if (!interpolateFn) {
+          attr.$set('value', element.text());
+        }
+      }
+
+      return function (scope, element, attr) {
+        var selectCtrlName = '$selectController',
+            parent = element.parent(),
+            selectCtrl = parent.data(selectCtrlName) ||
+              parent.parent().data(selectCtrlName); // in case we are in optgroup
+
+        if (selectCtrl && selectCtrl.databound) {
+          // For some reason Opera defaults to true and if not overridden this messes up the repeater.
+          // We don't want the view to drive the initialization of the model anyway.
+          element.prop('selected', false);
+        } else {
+          selectCtrl = nullSelectCtrl;
+        }
+
+        if (interpolateFn) {
+          scope.$watch(interpolateFn, function interpolateWatchAction(newVal, oldVal) {
+            attr.$set('value', newVal);
+            if (newVal !== oldVal) selectCtrl.removeOption(oldVal);
+            selectCtrl.addOption(newVal);
+          });
+        } else {
+          selectCtrl.addOption(attr.value);
+        }
+
+        element.on('$destroy', function() {
+          selectCtrl.removeOption(attr.value);
+        });
+      };
+    }
+  };
+}];
+
+var styleDirective = valueFn({
+  restrict: 'E',
+  terminal: true
+});
+
+  //try to bind to jquery now so that one can write angular.element().read()
+  //but we will rebind on bootstrap again.
+  bindJQuery();
+
+  publishExternalAPI(angular);
+
+  jqLite(document).ready(function() {
+    angularInit(document, bootstrap);
+  });
+
+})(window, document);
+
+!angular.$$csp() && angular.element(document).find('head').prepend('<style type="text/css">@charset "UTF-8";[ng\\:cloak],[ng-cloak],[data-ng-cloak],[x-ng-cloak],.ng-cloak,.x-ng-cloak,.ng-hide{display:none !important;}ng\\:form{display:block;}.ng-animate-start{border-spacing:1px 1px;-ms-zoom:1.0001;}.ng-animate-active{border-spacing:0px 0px;-ms-zoom:1;}</style>');

Jint.Tests/Parser/Scripts/backbone.js

@@ -0,0 +1,1581 @@
+//     Backbone.js 1.1.0
+
+//     (c) 2010-2011 Jeremy Ashkenas, DocumentCloud Inc.
+//     (c) 2011-2013 Jeremy Ashkenas, DocumentCloud and Investigative Reporters & Editors
+//     Backbone may be freely distributed under the MIT license.
+//     For all details and documentation:
+//     http://backbonejs.org
+
+(function () {
+
+    // Initial Setup
+    // -------------
+
+    // Save a reference to the global object (`window` in the browser, `exports`
+    // on the server).
+    var root = this;
+
+    // Save the previous value of the `Backbone` variable, so that it can be
+    // restored later on, if `noConflict` is used.
+    var previousBackbone = root.Backbone;
+
+    // Create local references to array methods we'll want to use later.
+    var array = [];
+    var push = array.push;
+    var slice = array.slice;
+    var splice = array.splice;
+
+    // The top-level namespace. All public Backbone classes and modules will
+    // be attached to this. Exported for both the browser and the server.
+    var Backbone;
+    if (typeof exports !== 'undefined') {
+        Backbone = exports;
+    } else {
+        Backbone = root.Backbone = {};
+    }
+
+    // Current version of the library. Keep in sync with `package.json`.
+    Backbone.VERSION = '1.1.0';
+
+    // Require Underscore, if we're on the server, and it's not already present.
+    var _ = root._;
+    if (!_ && (typeof require !== 'undefined')) _ = require('underscore');
+
+    // For Backbone's purposes, jQuery, Zepto, Ender, or My Library (kidding) owns
+    // the `$` variable.
+    Backbone.$ = root.jQuery || root.Zepto || root.ender || root.$;
+
+    // Runs Backbone.js in *noConflict* mode, returning the `Backbone` variable
+    // to its previous owner. Returns a reference to this Backbone object.
+    Backbone.noConflict = function () {
+        root.Backbone = previousBackbone;
+        return this;
+    };
+
+    // Turn on `emulateHTTP` to support legacy HTTP servers. Setting this option
+    // will fake `"PATCH"`, `"PUT"` and `"DELETE"` requests via the `_method` parameter and
+    // set a `X-Http-Method-Override` header.
+    Backbone.emulateHTTP = false;
+
+    // Turn on `emulateJSON` to support legacy servers that can't deal with direct
+    // `application/json` requests ... will encode the body as
+    // `application/x-www-form-urlencoded` instead and will send the model in a
+    // form param named `model`.
+    Backbone.emulateJSON = false;
+
+    // Backbone.Events
+    // ---------------
+
+    // A module that can be mixed in to *any object* in order to provide it with
+    // custom events. You may bind with `on` or remove with `off` callback
+    // functions to an event; `trigger`-ing an event fires all callbacks in
+    // succession.
+    //
+    //     var object = {};
+    //     _.extend(object, Backbone.Events);
+    //     object.on('expand', function(){ alert('expanded'); });
+    //     object.trigger('expand');
+    //
+    var Events = Backbone.Events = {
+
+        // Bind an event to a `callback` function. Passing `"all"` will bind
+        // the callback to all events fired.
+        on: function (name, callback, context) {
+            if (!eventsApi(this, 'on', name, [callback, context]) || !callback) return this;
+            this._events || (this._events = {});
+            var events = this._events[name] || (this._events[name] = []);
+            events.push({ callback: callback, context: context, ctx: context || this });
+            return this;
+        },
+
+        // Bind an event to only be triggered a single time. After the first time
+        // the callback is invoked, it will be removed.
+        once: function (name, callback, context) {
+            if (!eventsApi(this, 'once', name, [callback, context]) || !callback) return this;
+            var self = this;
+            var once = _.once(function () {
+                self.off(name, once);
+                callback.apply(this, arguments);
+            });
+            once._callback = callback;
+            return this.on(name, once, context);
+        },
+
+        // Remove one or many callbacks. If `context` is null, removes all
+        // callbacks with that function. If `callback` is null, removes all
+        // callbacks for the event. If `name` is null, removes all bound
+        // callbacks for all events.
+        off: function (name, callback, context) {
+            var retain, ev, events, names, i, l, j, k;
+            if (!this._events || !eventsApi(this, 'off', name, [callback, context])) return this;
+            if (!name && !callback && !context) {
+                this._events = {};
+                return this;
+            }
+            names = name ? [name] : _.keys(this._events);
+            for (i = 0, l = names.length; i < l; i++) {
+                name = names[i];
+                if (events = this._events[name]) {
+                    this._events[name] = retain = [];
+                    if (callback || context) {
+                        for (j = 0, k = events.length; j < k; j++) {
+                            ev = events[j];
+                            if ((callback && callback !== ev.callback && callback !== ev.callback._callback) ||
+                                (context && context !== ev.context)) {
+                                retain.push(ev);
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                    if (!retain.length) delete this._events[name];
+                }
+            }
+
+            return this;
+        },
+
+        // Trigger one or many events, firing all bound callbacks. Callbacks are
+        // passed the same arguments as `trigger` is, apart from the event name
+        // (unless you're listening on `"all"`, which will cause your callback to
+        // receive the true name of the event as the first argument).
+        trigger: function (name) {
+            if (!this._events) return this;
+            var args = slice.call(arguments, 1);
+            if (!eventsApi(this, 'trigger', name, args)) return this;
+            var events = this._events[name];
+            var allEvents = this._events.all;
+            if (events) triggerEvents(events, args);
+            if (allEvents) triggerEvents(allEvents, arguments);
+            return this;
+        },
+
+        // Tell this object to stop listening to either specific events ... or
+        // to every object it's currently listening to.
+        stopListening: function (obj, name, callback) {
+            var listeningTo = this._listeningTo;
+            if (!listeningTo) return this;
+            var remove = !name && !callback;
+            if (!callback && typeof name === 'object') callback = this;
+            if (obj) (listeningTo = {})[obj._listenId] = obj;
+            for (var id in listeningTo) {
+                obj = listeningTo[id];
+                obj.off(name, callback, this);
+                if (remove || _.isEmpty(obj._events)) delete this._listeningTo[id];
+            }
+            return this;
+        }
+
+    };
+
+    // Regular expression used to split event strings.
+    var eventSplitter = /\s+/;
+
+    // Implement fancy features of the Events API such as multiple event
+    // names `"change blur"` and jQuery-style event maps `{change: action}`
+    // in terms of the existing API.
+    var eventsApi = function (obj, action, name, rest) {
+        if (!name) return true;
+
+        // Handle event maps.
+        if (typeof name === 'object') {
+            for (var key in name) {
+                obj[action].apply(obj, [key, name[key]].concat(rest));
+            }
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        // Handle space separated event names.
+        if (eventSplitter.test(name)) {
+            var names = name.split(eventSplitter);
+            for (var i = 0, l = names.length; i < l; i++) {
+                obj[action].apply(obj, [names[i]].concat(rest));
+            }
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        return true;
+    };
+
+    // A difficult-to-believe, but optimized internal dispatch function for
+    // triggering events. Tries to keep the usual cases speedy (most internal
+    // Backbone events have 3 arguments).
+    var triggerEvents = function (events, args) {
+        var ev, i = -1, l = events.length, a1 = args[0], a2 = args[1], a3 = args[2];
+        switch (args.length) {
+            case 0: while (++i < l) (ev = events[i]).callback.call(ev.ctx); return;
+            case 1: while (++i < l) (ev = events[i]).callback.call(ev.ctx, a1); return;
+            case 2: while (++i < l) (ev = events[i]).callback.call(ev.ctx, a1, a2); return;
+            case 3: while (++i < l) (ev = events[i]).callback.call(ev.ctx, a1, a2, a3); return;
+            default: while (++i < l) (ev = events[i]).callback.apply(ev.ctx, args);
+        }
+    };
+
+    var listenMethods = { listenTo: 'on', listenToOnce: 'once' };
+
+    // Inversion-of-control versions of `on` and `once`. Tell *this* object to
+    // listen to an event in another object ... keeping track of what it's
+    // listening to.
+    _.each(listenMethods, function (implementation, method) {
+        Events[method] = function (obj, name, callback) {
+            var listeningTo = this._listeningTo || (this._listeningTo = {});
+            var id = obj._listenId || (obj._listenId = _.uniqueId('l'));
+            listeningTo[id] = obj;
+            if (!callback && typeof name === 'object') callback = this;
+            obj[implementation](name, callback, this);
+            return this;
+        };
+    });
+
+    // Aliases for backwards compatibility.
+    Events.bind = Events.on;
+    Events.unbind = Events.off;
+
+    // Allow the `Backbone` object to serve as a global event bus, for folks who
+    // want global "pubsub" in a convenient place.
+    _.extend(Backbone, Events);
+
+    // Backbone.Model
+    // --------------
+
+    // Backbone **Models** are the basic data object in the framework --
+    // frequently representing a row in a table in a database on your server.
+    // A discrete chunk of data and a bunch of useful, related methods for
+    // performing computations and transformations on that data.
+
+    // Create a new model with the specified attributes. A client id (`cid`)
+    // is automatically generated and assigned for you.
+    var Model = Backbone.Model = function (attributes, options) {
+        var attrs = attributes || {};
+        options || (options = {});
+        this.cid = _.uniqueId('c');
+        this.attributes = {};
+        if (options.collection) this.collection = options.collection;
+        if (options.parse) attrs = this.parse(attrs, options) || {};
+        attrs = _.defaults({}, attrs, _.result(this, 'defaults'));
+        this.set(attrs, options);
+        this.changed = {};
+        this.initialize.apply(this, arguments);
+    };
+
+    // Attach all inheritable methods to the Model prototype.
+    _.extend(Model.prototype, Events, {
+
+        // A hash of attributes whose current and previous value differ.
+        changed: null,
+
+        // The value returned during the last failed validation.
+        validationError: null,
+
+        // The default name for the JSON `id` attribute is `"id"`. MongoDB and
+        // CouchDB users may want to set this to `"_id"`.
+        idAttribute: 'id',
+
+        // Initialize is an empty function by default. Override it with your own
+        // initialization logic.
+        initialize: function () { },
+
+        // Return a copy of the model's `attributes` object.
+        toJSON: function (options) {
+            return _.clone(this.attributes);
+        },
+
+        // Proxy `Backbone.sync` by default -- but override this if you need
+        // custom syncing semantics for *this* particular model.
+        sync: function () {
+            return Backbone.sync.apply(this, arguments);
+        },
+
+        // Get the value of an attribute.
+        get: function (attr) {
+            return this.attributes[attr];
+        },
+
+        // Get the HTML-escaped value of an attribute.
+        escape: function (attr) {
+            return _.escape(this.get(attr));
+        },
+
+        // Returns `true` if the attribute contains a value that is not null
+        // or undefined.
+        has: function (attr) {
+            return this.get(attr) != null;
+        },
+
+        // Set a hash of model attributes on the object, firing `"change"`. This is
+        // the core primitive operation of a model, updating the data and notifying
+        // anyone who needs to know about the change in state. The heart of the beast.
+        set: function (key, val, options) {
+            var attr, attrs, unset, changes, silent, changing, prev, current;
+            if (key == null) return this;
+
+            // Handle both `"key", value` and `{key: value}` -style arguments.
+            if (typeof key === 'object') {
+                attrs = key;
+                options = val;
+            } else {
+                (attrs = {})[key] = val;
+            }
+
+            options || (options = {});
+
+            // Run validation.
+            if (!this._validate(attrs, options)) return false;
+
+            // Extract attributes and options.
+            unset = options.unset;
+            silent = options.silent;
+            changes = [];
+            changing = this._changing;
+            this._changing = true;
+
+            if (!changing) {
+                this._previousAttributes = _.clone(this.attributes);
+                this.changed = {};
+            }
+            current = this.attributes, prev = this._previousAttributes;
+
+            // Check for changes of `id`.
+            if (this.idAttribute in attrs) this.id = attrs[this.idAttribute];
+
+            // For each `set` attribute, update or delete the current value.
+            for (attr in attrs) {
+                val = attrs[attr];
+                if (!_.isEqual(current[attr], val)) changes.push(attr);
+                if (!_.isEqual(prev[attr], val)) {
+                    this.changed[attr] = val;
+                } else {
+                    delete this.changed[attr];
+                }
+                unset ? delete current[attr] : current[attr] = val;
+            }
+
+            // Trigger all relevant attribute changes.
+            if (!silent) {
+                if (changes.length) this._pending = true;
+                for (var i = 0, l = changes.length; i < l; i++) {
+                    this.trigger('change:' + changes[i], this, current[changes[i]], options);
+                }
+            }
+
+            // You might be wondering why there's a `while` loop here. Changes can
+            // be recursively nested within `"change"` events.
+            if (changing) return this;
+            if (!silent) {
+                while (this._pending) {
+                    this._pending = false;
+                    this.trigger('change', this, options);
+                }
+            }
+            this._pending = false;
+            this._changing = false;
+            return this;
+        },
+
+        // Remove an attribute from the model, firing `"change"`. `unset` is a noop
+        // if the attribute doesn't exist.
+        unset: function (attr, options) {
+            return this.set(attr, void 0, _.extend({}, options, { unset: true }));
+        },
+
+        // Clear all attributes on the model, firing `"change"`.
+        clear: function (options) {
+            var attrs = {};
+            for (var key in this.attributes) attrs[key] = void 0;
+            return this.set(attrs, _.extend({}, options, { unset: true }));
+        },
+
+        // Determine if the model has changed since the last `"change"` event.
+        // If you specify an attribute name, determine if that attribute has changed.
+        hasChanged: function (attr) {
+            if (attr == null) return !_.isEmpty(this.changed);
+            return _.has(this.changed, attr);
+        },
+
+        // Return an object containing all the attributes that have changed, or
+        // false if there are no changed attributes. Useful for determining what
+        // parts of a view need to be updated and/or what attributes need to be
+        // persisted to the server. Unset attributes will be set to undefined.
+        // You can also pass an attributes object to diff against the model,
+        // determining if there *would be* a change.
+        changedAttributes: function (diff) {
+            if (!diff) return this.hasChanged() ? _.clone(this.changed) : false;
+            var val, changed = false;
+            var old = this._changing ? this._previousAttributes : this.attributes;
+            for (var attr in diff) {
+                if (_.isEqual(old[attr], (val = diff[attr]))) continue;
+                (changed || (changed = {}))[attr] = val;
+            }
+            return changed;
+        },
+
+        // Get the previous value of an attribute, recorded at the time the last
+        // `"change"` event was fired.
+        previous: function (attr) {
+            if (attr == null || !this._previousAttributes) return null;
+            return this._previousAttributes[attr];
+        },
+
+        // Get all of the attributes of the model at the time of the previous
+        // `"change"` event.
+        previousAttributes: function () {
+            return _.clone(this._previousAttributes);
+        },
+
+        // Fetch the model from the server. If the server's representation of the
+        // model differs from its current attributes, they will be overridden,
+        // triggering a `"change"` event.
+        fetch: function (options) {
+            options = options ? _.clone(options) : {};
+            if (options.parse === void 0) options.parse = true;
+            var model = this;
+            var success = options.success;
+            options.success = function (resp) {
+                if (!model.set(model.parse(resp, options), options)) return false;
+                if (success) success(model, resp, options);
+                model.trigger('sync', model, resp, options);
+            };
+            wrapError(this, options);
+            return this.sync('read', this, options);
+        },
+
+        // Set a hash of model attributes, and sync the model to the server.
+        // If the server returns an attributes hash that differs, the model's
+        // state will be `set` again.
+        save: function (key, val, options) {
+            var attrs, method, xhr, attributes = this.attributes;
+
+            // Handle both `"key", value` and `{key: value}` -style arguments.
+            if (key == null || typeof key === 'object') {
+                attrs = key;
+                options = val;
+            } else {
+                (attrs = {})[key] = val;
+            }
+
+            options = _.extend({ validate: true }, options);
+
+            // If we're not waiting and attributes exist, save acts as
+            // `set(attr).save(null, opts)` with validation. Otherwise, check if
+            // the model will be valid when the attributes, if any, are set.
+            if (attrs && !options.wait) {
+                if (!this.set(attrs, options)) return false;
+            } else {
+                if (!this._validate(attrs, options)) return false;
+            }
+
+            // Set temporary attributes if `{wait: true}`.
+            if (attrs && options.wait) {
+                this.attributes = _.extend({}, attributes, attrs);
+            }
+
+            // After a successful server-side save, the client is (optionally)
+            // updated with the server-side state.
+            if (options.parse === void 0) options.parse = true;
+            var model = this;
+            var success = options.success;
+            options.success = function (resp) {
+                // Ensure attributes are restored during synchronous saves.
+                model.attributes = attributes;
+                var serverAttrs = model.parse(resp, options);
+                if (options.wait) serverAttrs = _.extend(attrs || {}, serverAttrs);
+                if (_.isObject(serverAttrs) && !model.set(serverAttrs, options)) {
+                    return false;
+                }
+                if (success) success(model, resp, options);
+                model.trigger('sync', model, resp, options);
+            };
+            wrapError(this, options);
+
+            method = this.isNew() ? 'create' : (options.patch ? 'patch' : 'update');
+            if (method === 'patch') options.attrs = attrs;
+            xhr = this.sync(method, this, options);
+
+            // Restore attributes.
+            if (attrs && options.wait) this.attributes = attributes;
+
+            return xhr;
+        },
+
+        // Destroy this model on the server if it was already persisted.
+        // Optimistically removes the model from its collection, if it has one.
+        // If `wait: true` is passed, waits for the server to respond before removal.
+        destroy: function (options) {
+            options = options ? _.clone(options) : {};
+            var model = this;
+            var success = options.success;
+
+            var destroy = function () {
+                model.trigger('destroy', model, model.collection, options);
+            };
+
+            options.success = function (resp) {
+                if (options.wait || model.isNew()) destroy();
+                if (success) success(model, resp, options);
+                if (!model.isNew()) model.trigger('sync', model, resp, options);
+            };
+
+            if (this.isNew()) {
+                options.success();
+                return false;
+            }
+            wrapError(this, options);
+
+            var xhr = this.sync('delete', this, options);
+            if (!options.wait) destroy();
+            return xhr;
+        },
+
+        // Default URL for the model's representation on the server -- if you're
+        // using Backbone's restful methods, override this to change the endpoint
+        // that will be called.
+        url: function () {
+            var base = _.result(this, 'urlRoot') || _.result(this.collection, 'url') || urlError();
+            if (this.isNew()) return base;
+            return base + (base.charAt(base.length - 1) === '/' ? '' : '/') + encodeURIComponent(this.id);
+        },
+
+        // **parse** converts a response into the hash of attributes to be `set` on
+        // the model. The default implementation is just to pass the response along.
+        parse: function (resp, options) {
+            return resp;
+        },
+
+        // Create a new model with identical attributes to this one.
+        clone: function () {
+            return new this.constructor(this.attributes);
+        },
+
+        // A model is new if it has never been saved to the server, and lacks an id.
+        isNew: function () {
+            return this.id == null;
+        },
+
+        // Check if the model is currently in a valid state.
+        isValid: function (options) {
+            return this._validate({}, _.extend(options || {}, { validate: true }));
+        },
+
+        // Run validation against the next complete set of model attributes,
+        // returning `true` if all is well. Otherwise, fire an `"invalid"` event.
+        _validate: function (attrs, options) {
+            if (!options.validate || !this.validate) return true;
+            attrs = _.extend({}, this.attributes, attrs);
+            var error = this.validationError = this.validate(attrs, options) || null;
+            if (!error) return true;
+            this.trigger('invalid', this, error, _.extend(options, { validationError: error }));
+            return false;
+        }
+
+    });
+
+    // Underscore methods that we want to implement on the Model.
+    var modelMethods = ['keys', 'values', 'pairs', 'invert', 'pick', 'omit'];
+
+    // Mix in each Underscore method as a proxy to `Model#attributes`.
+    _.each(modelMethods, function (method) {
+        Model.prototype[method] = function () {
+            var args = slice.call(arguments);
+            args.unshift(this.attributes);
+            return _[method].apply(_, args);
+        };
+    });
+
+    // Backbone.Collection
+    // -------------------
+
+    // If models tend to represent a single row of data, a Backbone Collection is
+    // more analagous to a table full of data ... or a small slice or page of that
+    // table, or a collection of rows that belong together for a particular reason
+    // -- all of the messages in this particular folder, all of the documents
+    // belonging to this particular author, and so on. Collections maintain
+    // indexes of their models, both in order, and for lookup by `id`.
+
+    // Create a new **Collection**, perhaps to contain a specific type of `model`.
+    // If a `comparator` is specified, the Collection will maintain
+    // its models in sort order, as they're added and removed.
+    var Collection = Backbone.Collection = function (models, options) {
+        options || (options = {});
+        if (options.model) this.model = options.model;
+        if (options.comparator !== void 0) this.comparator = options.comparator;
+        this._reset();
+        this.initialize.apply(this, arguments);
+        if (models) this.reset(models, _.extend({ silent: true }, options));
+    };
+
+    // Default options for `Collection#set`.
+    var setOptions = { add: true, remove: true, merge: true };
+    var addOptions = { add: true, remove: false };
+
+    // Define the Collection's inheritable methods.
+    _.extend(Collection.prototype, Events, {
+
+        // The default model for a collection is just a **Backbone.Model**.
+        // This should be overridden in most cases.
+        model: Model,
+
+        // Initialize is an empty function by default. Override it with your own
+        // initialization logic.
+        initialize: function () { },
+
+        // The JSON representation of a Collection is an array of the
+        // models' attributes.
+        toJSON: function (options) {
+            return this.map(function (model) { return model.toJSON(options); });
+        },
+
+        // Proxy `Backbone.sync` by default.
+        sync: function () {
+            return Backbone.sync.apply(this, arguments);
+        },
+
+        // Add a model, or list of models to the set.
+        add: function (models, options) {
+            return this.set(models, _.extend({ merge: false }, options, addOptions));
+        },
+
+        // Remove a model, or a list of models from the set.
+        remove: function (models, options) {
+            var singular = !_.isArray(models);
+            models = singular ? [models] : _.clone(models);
+            options || (options = {});
+            var i, l, index, model;
+            for (i = 0, l = models.length; i < l; i++) {
+                model = models[i] = this.get(models[i]);
+                if (!model) continue;
+                delete this._byId[model.id];
+                delete this._byId[model.cid];
+                index = this.indexOf(model);
+                this.models.splice(index, 1);
+                this.length--;
+                if (!options.silent) {
+                    options.index = index;
+                    model.trigger('remove', model, this, options);
+                }
+                this._removeReference(model);
+            }
+            return singular ? models[0] : models;
+        },
+
+        // Update a collection by `set`-ing a new list of models, adding new ones,
+        // removing models that are no longer present, and merging models that
+        // already exist in the collection, as necessary. Similar to **Model#set**,
+        // the core operation for updating the data contained by the collection.
+        set: function (models, options) {
+            options = _.defaults({}, options, setOptions);
+            if (options.parse) models = this.parse(models, options);
+            var singular = !_.isArray(models);
+            models = singular ? (models ? [models] : []) : _.clone(models);
+            var i, l, id, model, attrs, existing, sort;
+            var at = options.at;
+            var targetModel = this.model;
+            var sortable = this.comparator && (at == null) && options.sort !== false;
+            var sortAttr = _.isString(this.comparator) ? this.comparator : null;
+            var toAdd = [], toRemove = [], modelMap = {};
+            var add = options.add, merge = options.merge, remove = options.remove;
+            var order = !sortable && add && remove ? [] : false;
+
+            // Turn bare objects into model references, and prevent invalid models
+            // from being added.
+            for (i = 0, l = models.length; i < l; i++) {
+                attrs = models[i];
+                if (attrs instanceof Model) {
+                    id = model = attrs;
+                } else {
+                    id = attrs[targetModel.prototype.idAttribute];
+                }
+
+                // If a duplicate is found, prevent it from being added and
+                // optionally merge it into the existing model.
+                if (existing = this.get(id)) {
+                    if (remove) modelMap[existing.cid] = true;
+                    if (merge) {
+                        attrs = attrs === model ? model.attributes : attrs;
+                        if (options.parse) attrs = existing.parse(attrs, options);
+                        existing.set(attrs, options);
+                        if (sortable && !sort && existing.hasChanged(sortAttr)) sort = true;
+                    }
+                    models[i] = existing;
+
+                    // If this is a new, valid model, push it to the `toAdd` list.
+                } else if (add) {
+                    model = models[i] = this._prepareModel(attrs, options);
+                    if (!model) continue;
+                    toAdd.push(model);
+
+                    // Listen to added models' events, and index models for lookup by
+                    // `id` and by `cid`.
+                    model.on('all', this._onModelEvent, this);
+                    this._byId[model.cid] = model;
+                    if (model.id != null) this._byId[model.id] = model;
+                }
+                if (order) order.push(existing || model);
+            }
+
+            // Remove nonexistent models if appropriate.
+            if (remove) {
+                for (i = 0, l = this.length; i < l; ++i) {
+                    if (!modelMap[(model = this.models[i]).cid]) toRemove.push(model);
+                }
+                if (toRemove.length) this.remove(toRemove, options);
+            }
+
+            // See if sorting is needed, update `length` and splice in new models.
+            if (toAdd.length || (order && order.length)) {
+                if (sortable) sort = true;
+                this.length += toAdd.length;
+                if (at != null) {
+                    for (i = 0, l = toAdd.length; i < l; i++) {
+                        this.models.splice(at + i, 0, toAdd[i]);
+                    }
+                } else {
+                    if (order) this.models.length = 0;
+                    var orderedModels = order || toAdd;
+                    for (i = 0, l = orderedModels.length; i < l; i++) {
+                        this.models.push(orderedModels[i]);
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            // Silently sort the collection if appropriate.
+            if (sort) this.sort({ silent: true });
+
+            // Unless silenced, it's time to fire all appropriate add/sort events.
+            if (!options.silent) {
+                for (i = 0, l = toAdd.length; i < l; i++) {
+                    (model = toAdd[i]).trigger('add', model, this, options);
+                }
+                if (sort || (order && order.length)) this.trigger('sort', this, options);
+            }
+
+            // Return the added (or merged) model (or models).
+            return singular ? models[0] : models;
+        },
+
+        // When you have more items than you want to add or remove individually,
+        // you can reset the entire set with a new list of models, without firing
+        // any granular `add` or `remove` events. Fires `reset` when finished.
+        // Useful for bulk operations and optimizations.
+        reset: function (models, options) {
+            options || (options = {});
+            for (var i = 0, l = this.models.length; i < l; i++) {
+                this._removeReference(this.models[i]);
+            }
+            options.previousModels = this.models;
+            this._reset();
+            models = this.add(models, _.extend({ silent: true }, options));
+            if (!options.silent) this.trigger('reset', this, options);
+            return models;
+        },
+
+        // Add a model to the end of the collection.
+        push: function (model, options) {
+            return this.add(model, _.extend({ at: this.length }, options));
+        },
+
+        // Remove a model from the end of the collection.
+        pop: function (options) {
+            var model = this.at(this.length - 1);
+            this.remove(model, options);
+            return model;
+        },
+
+        // Add a model to the beginning of the collection.
+        unshift: function (model, options) {
+            return this.add(model, _.extend({ at: 0 }, options));
+        },
+
+        // Remove a model from the beginning of the collection.
+        shift: function (options) {
+            var model = this.at(0);
+            this.remove(model, options);
+            return model;
+        },
+
+        // Slice out a sub-array of models from the collection.
+        slice: function () {
+            return slice.apply(this.models, arguments);
+        },
+
+        // Get a model from the set by id.
+        get: function (obj) {
+            if (obj == null) return void 0;
+            return this._byId[obj.id] || this._byId[obj.cid] || this._byId[obj];
+        },
+
+        // Get the model at the given index.
+        at: function (index) {
+            return this.models[index];
+        },
+
+        // Return models with matching attributes. Useful for simple cases of
+        // `filter`.
+        where: function (attrs, first) {
+            if (_.isEmpty(attrs)) return first ? void 0 : [];
+            return this[first ? 'find' : 'filter'](function (model) {
+                for (var key in attrs) {
+                    if (attrs[key] !== model.get(key)) return false;
+                }
+                return true;
+            });
+        },
+
+        // Return the first model with matching attributes. Useful for simple cases
+        // of `find`.
+        findWhere: function (attrs) {
+            return this.where(attrs, true);
+        },
+
+        // Force the collection to re-sort itself. You don't need to call this under
+        // normal circumstances, as the set will maintain sort order as each item
+        // is added.
+        sort: function (options) {
+            if (!this.comparator) throw new Error('Cannot sort a set without a comparator');
+            options || (options = {});
+
+            // Run sort based on type of `comparator`.
+            if (_.isString(this.comparator) || this.comparator.length === 1) {
+                this.models = this.sortBy(this.comparator, this);
+            } else {
+                this.models.sort(_.bind(this.comparator, this));
+            }
+
+            if (!options.silent) this.trigger('sort', this, options);
+            return this;
+        },
+
+        // Pluck an attribute from each model in the collection.
+        pluck: function (attr) {
+            return _.invoke(this.models, 'get', attr);
+        },
+
+        // Fetch the default set of models for this collection, resetting the
+        // collection when they arrive. If `reset: true` is passed, the response
+        // data will be passed through the `reset` method instead of `set`.
+        fetch: function (options) {
+            options = options ? _.clone(options) : {};
+            if (options.parse === void 0) options.parse = true;
+            var success = options.success;
+            var collection = this;
+            options.success = function (resp) {
+                var method = options.reset ? 'reset' : 'set';
+                collection[method](resp, options);
+                if (success) success(collection, resp, options);
+                collection.trigger('sync', collection, resp, options);
+            };
+            wrapError(this, options);
+            return this.sync('read', this, options);
+        },
+
+        // Create a new instance of a model in this collection. Add the model to the
+        // collection immediately, unless `wait: true` is passed, in which case we
+        // wait for the server to agree.
+        create: function (model, options) {
+            options = options ? _.clone(options) : {};
+            if (!(model = this._prepareModel(model, options))) return false;
+            if (!options.wait) this.add(model, options);
+            var collection = this;
+            var success = options.success;
+            options.success = function (model, resp, options) {
+                if (options.wait) collection.add(model, options);
+                if (success) success(model, resp, options);
+            };
+            model.save(null, options);
+            return model;
+        },
+
+        // **parse** converts a response into a list of models to be added to the
+        // collection. The default implementation is just to pass it through.
+        parse: function (resp, options) {
+            return resp;
+        },
+
+        // Create a new collection with an identical list of models as this one.
+        clone: function () {
+            return new this.constructor(this.models);
+        },
+
+        // Private method to reset all internal state. Called when the collection
+        // is first initialized or reset.
+        _reset: function () {
+            this.length = 0;
+            this.models = [];
+            this._byId = {};
+        },
+
+        // Prepare a hash of attributes (or other model) to be added to this
+        // collection.
+        _prepareModel: function (attrs, options) {
+            if (attrs instanceof Model) {
+                if (!attrs.collection) attrs.collection = this;
+                return attrs;
+            }
+            options = options ? _.clone(options) : {};
+            options.collection = this;
+            var model = new this.model(attrs, options);
+            if (!model.validationError) return model;
+            this.trigger('invalid', this, model.validationError, options);
+            return false;
+        },
+
+        // Internal method to sever a model's ties to a collection.
+        _removeReference: function (model) {
+            if (this === model.collection) delete model.collection;
+            model.off('all', this._onModelEvent, this);
+        },
+
+        // Internal method called every time a model in the set fires an event.
+        // Sets need to update their indexes when models change ids. All other
+        // events simply proxy through. "add" and "remove" events that originate
+        // in other collections are ignored.
+        _onModelEvent: function (event, model, collection, options) {
+            if ((event === 'add' || event === 'remove') && collection !== this) return;
+            if (event === 'destroy') this.remove(model, options);
+            if (model && event === 'change:' + model.idAttribute) {
+                delete this._byId[model.previous(model.idAttribute)];
+                if (model.id != null) this._byId[model.id] = model;
+            }
+            this.trigger.apply(this, arguments);
+        }
+
+    });
+
+    // Underscore methods that we want to implement on the Collection.
+    // 90% of the core usefulness of Backbone Collections is actually implemented
+    // right here:
+    var methods = ['forEach', 'each', 'map', 'collect', 'reduce', 'foldl',
+      'inject', 'reduceRight', 'foldr', 'find', 'detect', 'filter', 'select',
+      'reject', 'every', 'all', 'some', 'any', 'include', 'contains', 'invoke',
+      'max', 'min', 'toArray', 'size', 'first', 'head', 'take', 'initial', 'rest',
+      'tail', 'drop', 'last', 'without', 'difference', 'indexOf', 'shuffle',
+      'lastIndexOf', 'isEmpty', 'chain'];
+
+    // Mix in each Underscore method as a proxy to `Collection#models`.
+    _.each(methods, function (method) {
+        Collection.prototype[method] = function () {
+            var args = slice.call(arguments);
+            args.unshift(this.models);
+            return _[method].apply(_, args);
+        };
+    });
+
+    // Underscore methods that take a property name as an argument.
+    var attributeMethods = ['groupBy', 'countBy', 'sortBy'];
+
+    // Use attributes instead of properties.
+    _.each(attributeMethods, function (method) {
+        Collection.prototype[method] = function (value, context) {
+            var iterator = _.isFunction(value) ? value : function (model) {
+                return model.get(value);
+            };
+            return _[method](this.models, iterator, context);
+        };
+    });
+
+    // Backbone.View
+    // -------------
+
+    // Backbone Views are almost more convention than they are actual code. A View
+    // is simply a JavaScript object that represents a logical chunk of UI in the
+    // DOM. This might be a single item, an entire list, a sidebar or panel, or
+    // even the surrounding frame which wraps your whole app. Defining a chunk of
+    // UI as a **View** allows you to define your DOM events declaratively, without
+    // having to worry about render order ... and makes it easy for the view to
+    // react to specific changes in the state of your models.
+
+    // Creating a Backbone.View creates its initial element outside of the DOM,
+    // if an existing element is not provided...
+    var View = Backbone.View = function (options) {
+        this.cid = _.uniqueId('view');
+        options || (options = {});
+        _.extend(this, _.pick(options, viewOptions));
+        this._ensureElement();
+        this.initialize.apply(this, arguments);
+        this.delegateEvents();
+    };
+
+    // Cached regex to split keys for `delegate`.
+    var delegateEventSplitter = /^(\S+)\s*(.*)$/;
+
+    // List of view options to be merged as properties.
+    var viewOptions = ['model', 'collection', 'el', 'id', 'attributes', 'className', 'tagName', 'events'];
+
+    // Set up all inheritable **Backbone.View** properties and methods.
+    _.extend(View.prototype, Events, {
+
+        // The default `tagName` of a View's element is `"div"`.
+        tagName: 'div',
+
+        // jQuery delegate for element lookup, scoped to DOM elements within the
+        // current view. This should be preferred to global lookups where possible.
+        $: function (selector) {
+            return this.$el.find(selector);
+        },
+
+        // Initialize is an empty function by default. Override it with your own
+        // initialization logic.
+        initialize: function () { },
+
+        // **render** is the core function that your view should override, in order
+        // to populate its element (`this.el`), with the appropriate HTML. The
+        // convention is for **render** to always return `this`.
+        render: function () {
+            return this;
+        },
+
+        // Remove this view by taking the element out of the DOM, and removing any
+        // applicable Backbone.Events listeners.
+        remove: function () {
+            this.$el.remove();
+            this.stopListening();
+            return this;
+        },
+
+        // Change the view's element (`this.el` property), including event
+        // re-delegation.
+        setElement: function (element, delegate) {
+            if (this.$el) this.undelegateEvents();
+            this.$el = element instanceof Backbone.$ ? element : Backbone.$(element);
+            this.el = this.$el[0];
+            if (delegate !== false) this.delegateEvents();
+            return this;
+        },
+
+        // Set callbacks, where `this.events` is a hash of
+        //
+        // *{"event selector": "callback"}*
+        //
+        //     {
+        //       'mousedown .title':  'edit',
+        //       'click .button':     'save',
+        //       'click .open':       function(e) { ... }
+        //     }
+        //
+        // pairs. Callbacks will be bound to the view, with `this` set properly.
+        // Uses event delegation for efficiency.
+        // Omitting the selector binds the event to `this.el`.
+        // This only works for delegate-able events: not `focus`, `blur`, and
+        // not `change`, `submit`, and `reset` in Internet Explorer.
+        delegateEvents: function (events) {
+            if (!(events || (events = _.result(this, 'events')))) return this;
+            this.undelegateEvents();
+            for (var key in events) {
+                var method = events[key];
+                if (!_.isFunction(method)) method = this[events[key]];
+                if (!method) continue;
+
+                var match = key.match(delegateEventSplitter);
+                var eventName = match[1], selector = match[2];
+                method = _.bind(method, this);
+                eventName += '.delegateEvents' + this.cid;
+                if (selector === '') {
+                    this.$el.on(eventName, method);
+                } else {
+                    this.$el.on(eventName, selector, method);
+                }
+            }
+            return this;
+        },
+
+        // Clears all callbacks previously bound to the view with `delegateEvents`.
+        // You usually don't need to use this, but may wish to if you have multiple
+        // Backbone views attached to the same DOM element.
+        undelegateEvents: function () {
+            this.$el.off('.delegateEvents' + this.cid);
+            return this;
+        },
+
+        // Ensure that the View has a DOM element to render into.
+        // If `this.el` is a string, pass it through `$()`, take the first
+        // matching element, and re-assign it to `el`. Otherwise, create
+        // an element from the `id`, `className` and `tagName` properties.
+        _ensureElement: function () {
+            if (!this.el) {
+                var attrs = _.extend({}, _.result(this, 'attributes'));
+                if (this.id) attrs.id = _.result(this, 'id');
+                if (this.className) attrs['class'] = _.result(this, 'className');
+                var $el = Backbone.$('<' + _.result(this, 'tagName') + '>').attr(attrs);
+                this.setElement($el, false);
+            } else {
+                this.setElement(_.result(this, 'el'), false);
+            }
+        }
+
+    });
+
+    // Backbone.sync
+    // -------------
+
+    // Override this function to change the manner in which Backbone persists
+    // models to the server. You will be passed the type of request, and the
+    // model in question. By default, makes a RESTful Ajax request
+    // to the model's `url()`. Some possible customizations could be:
+    //
+    // * Use `setTimeout` to batch rapid-fire updates into a single request.
+    // * Send up the models as XML instead of JSON.
+    // * Persist models via WebSockets instead of Ajax.
+    //
+    // Turn on `Backbone.emulateHTTP` in order to send `PUT` and `DELETE` requests
+    // as `POST`, with a `_method` parameter containing the true HTTP method,
+    // as well as all requests with the body as `application/x-www-form-urlencoded`
+    // instead of `application/json` with the model in a param named `model`.
+    // Useful when interfacing with server-side languages like **PHP** that make
+    // it difficult to read the body of `PUT` requests.
+    Backbone.sync = function (method, model, options) {
+        var type = methodMap[method];
+
+        // Default options, unless specified.
+        _.defaults(options || (options = {}), {
+            emulateHTTP: Backbone.emulateHTTP,
+            emulateJSON: Backbone.emulateJSON
+        });
+
+        // Default JSON-request options.
+        var params = { type: type, dataType: 'json' };
+
+        // Ensure that we have a URL.
+        if (!options.url) {
+            params.url = _.result(model, 'url') || urlError();
+        }
+
+        // Ensure that we have the appropriate request data.
+        if (options.data == null && model && (method === 'create' || method === 'update' || method === 'patch')) {
+            params.contentType = 'application/json';
+            params.data = JSON.stringify(options.attrs || model.toJSON(options));
+        }
+
+        // For older servers, emulate JSON by encoding the request into an HTML-form.
+        if (options.emulateJSON) {
+            params.contentType = 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded';
+            params.data = params.data ? { model: params.data } : {};
+        }
+
+        // For older servers, emulate HTTP by mimicking the HTTP method with `_method`
+        // And an `X-HTTP-Method-Override` header.
+        if (options.emulateHTTP && (type === 'PUT' || type === 'DELETE' || type === 'PATCH')) {
+            params.type = 'POST';
+            if (options.emulateJSON) params.data._method = type;
+            var beforeSend = options.beforeSend;
+            options.beforeSend = function (xhr) {
+                xhr.setRequestHeader('X-HTTP-Method-Override', type);
+                if (beforeSend) return beforeSend.apply(this, arguments);
+            };
+        }
+
+        // Don't process data on a non-GET request.
+        if (params.type !== 'GET' && !options.emulateJSON) {
+            params.processData = false;
+        }
+
+        // If we're sending a `PATCH` request, and we're in an old Internet Explorer
+        // that still has ActiveX enabled by default, override jQuery to use that
+        // for XHR instead. Remove this line when jQuery supports `PATCH` on IE8.
+        if (params.type === 'PATCH' && noXhrPatch) {
+            params.xhr = function () {
+                return new ActiveXObject("Microsoft.XMLHTTP");
+            };
+        }
+
+        // Make the request, allowing the user to override any Ajax options.
+        var xhr = options.xhr = Backbone.ajax(_.extend(params, options));
+        model.trigger('request', model, xhr, options);
+        return xhr;
+    };
+
+    var noXhrPatch = typeof window !== 'undefined' && !!window.ActiveXObject && !(window.XMLHttpRequest && (new XMLHttpRequest).dispatchEvent);
+
+    // Map from CRUD to HTTP for our default `Backbone.sync` implementation.
+    var methodMap = {
+        'create': 'POST',
+        'update': 'PUT',
+        'patch': 'PATCH',
+        'delete': 'DELETE',
+        'read': 'GET'
+    };
+
+    // Set the default implementation of `Backbone.ajax` to proxy through to `$`.
+    // Override this if you'd like to use a different library.
+    Backbone.ajax = function () {
+        return Backbone.$.ajax.apply(Backbone.$, arguments);
+    };
+
+    // Backbone.Router
+    // ---------------
+
+    // Routers map faux-URLs to actions, and fire events when routes are
+    // matched. Creating a new one sets its `routes` hash, if not set statically.
+    var Router = Backbone.Router = function (options) {
+        options || (options = {});
+        if (options.routes) this.routes = options.routes;
+        this._bindRoutes();
+        this.initialize.apply(this, arguments);
+    };
+
+    // Cached regular expressions for matching named param parts and splatted
+    // parts of route strings.
+    var optionalParam = /\((.*?)\)/g;
+    var namedParam = /(\(\?)?:\w+/g;
+    var splatParam = /\*\w+/g;
+    var escapeRegExp = /[\-{}\[\]+?.,\\\^$|#\s]/g;
+
+    // Set up all inheritable **Backbone.Router** properties and methods.
+    _.extend(Router.prototype, Events, {
+
+        // Initialize is an empty function by default. Override it with your own
+        // initialization logic.
+        initialize: function () { },
+
+        // Manually bind a single named route to a callback. For example:
+        //
+        //     this.route('search/:query/p:num', 'search', function(query, num) {
+        //       ...
+        //     });
+        //
+        route: function (route, name, callback) {
+            if (!_.isRegExp(route)) route = this._routeToRegExp(route);
+            if (_.isFunction(name)) {
+                callback = name;
+                name = '';
+            }
+            if (!callback) callback = this[name];
+            var router = this;
+            Backbone.history.route(route, function (fragment) {
+                var args = router._extractParameters(route, fragment);
+                callback && callback.apply(router, args);
+                router.trigger.apply(router, ['route:' + name].concat(args));
+                router.trigger('route', name, args);
+                Backbone.history.trigger('route', router, name, args);
+            });
+            return this;
+        },
+
+        // Simple proxy to `Backbone.history` to save a fragment into the history.
+        navigate: function (fragment, options) {
+            Backbone.history.navigate(fragment, options);
+            return this;
+        },
+
+        // Bind all defined routes to `Backbone.history`. We have to reverse the
+        // order of the routes here to support behavior where the most general
+        // routes can be defined at the bottom of the route map.
+        _bindRoutes: function () {
+            if (!this.routes) return;
+            this.routes = _.result(this, 'routes');
+            var route, routes = _.keys(this.routes);
+            while ((route = routes.pop()) != null) {
+                this.route(route, this.routes[route]);
+            }
+        },
+
+        // Convert a route string into a regular expression, suitable for matching
+        // against the current location hash.
+        _routeToRegExp: function (route) {
+            route = route.replace(escapeRegExp, '\\$&')
+                         .replace(optionalParam, '(?:$1)?')
+                         .replace(namedParam, function (match, optional) {
+                             return optional ? match : '([^\/]+)';
+                         })
+                         .replace(splatParam, '(.*?)');
+            return new RegExp('^' + route + '$');
+        },
+
+        // Given a route, and a URL fragment that it matches, return the array of
+        // extracted decoded parameters. Empty or unmatched parameters will be
+        // treated as `null` to normalize cross-browser behavior.
+        _extractParameters: function (route, fragment) {
+            var params = route.exec(fragment).slice(1);
+            return _.map(params, function (param) {
+                return param ? decodeURIComponent(param) : null;
+            });
+        }
+
+    });
+
+    // Backbone.History
+    // ----------------
+
+    // Handles cross-browser history management, based on either
+    // [pushState](http://diveintohtml5.info/history.html) and real URLs, or
+    // [onhashchange](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/DOM/window.onhashchange)
+    // and URL fragments. If the browser supports neither (old IE, natch),
+    // falls back to polling.
+    var History = Backbone.History = function () {
+        this.handlers = [];
+        _.bindAll(this, 'checkUrl');
+
+        // Ensure that `History` can be used outside of the browser.
+        if (typeof window !== 'undefined') {
+            this.location = window.location;
+            this.history = window.history;
+        }
+    };
+
+    // Cached regex for stripping a leading hash/slash and trailing space.
+    var routeStripper = /^[#\/]|\s+$/g;
+
+    // Cached regex for stripping leading and trailing slashes.
+    var rootStripper = /^\/+|\/+$/g;
+
+    // Cached regex for detecting MSIE.
+    var isExplorer = /msie [\w.]+/;
+
+    // Cached regex for removing a trailing slash.
+    var trailingSlash = /\/$/;
+
+    // Cached regex for stripping urls of hash and query.
+    var pathStripper = /[?#].*$/;
+
+    // Has the history handling already been started?
+    History.started = false;
+
+    // Set up all inheritable **Backbone.History** properties and methods.
+    _.extend(History.prototype, Events, {
+
+        // The default interval to poll for hash changes, if necessary, is
+        // twenty times a second.
+        interval: 50,
+
+        // Gets the true hash value. Cannot use location.hash directly due to bug
+        // in Firefox where location.hash will always be decoded.
+        getHash: function (window) {
+            var match = (window || this).location.href.match(/#(.*)$/);
+            return match ? match[1] : '';
+        },
+
+        // Get the cross-browser normalized URL fragment, either from the URL,
+        // the hash, or the override.
+        getFragment: function (fragment, forcePushState) {
+            if (fragment == null) {
+                if (this._hasPushState || !this._wantsHashChange || forcePushState) {
+                    fragment = this.location.pathname;
+                    var root = this.root.replace(trailingSlash, '');
+                    if (!fragment.indexOf(root)) fragment = fragment.slice(root.length);
+                } else {
+                    fragment = this.getHash();
+                }
+            }
+            return fragment.replace(routeStripper, '');
+        },
+
+        // Start the hash change handling, returning `true` if the current URL matches
+        // an existing route, and `false` otherwise.
+        start: function (options) {
+            if (History.started) throw new Error("Backbone.history has already been started");
+            History.started = true;
+
+            // Figure out the initial configuration. Do we need an iframe?
+            // Is pushState desired ... is it available?
+            this.options = _.extend({ root: '/' }, this.options, options);
+            this.root = this.options.root;
+            this._wantsHashChange = this.options.hashChange !== false;
+            this._wantsPushState = !!this.options.pushState;
+            this._hasPushState = !!(this.options.pushState && this.history && this.history.pushState);
+            var fragment = this.getFragment();
+            var docMode = document.documentMode;
+            var oldIE = (isExplorer.exec(navigator.userAgent.toLowerCase()) && (!docMode || docMode <= 7));
+
+            // Normalize root to always include a leading and trailing slash.
+            this.root = ('/' + this.root + '/').replace(rootStripper, '/');
+
+            if (oldIE && this._wantsHashChange) {
+                this.iframe = Backbone.$('<iframe src="javascript:0" tabindex="-1" />').hide().appendTo('body')[0].contentWindow;
+                this.navigate(fragment);
+            }
+
+            // Depending on whether we're using pushState or hashes, and whether
+            // 'onhashchange' is supported, determine how we check the URL state.
+            if (this._hasPushState) {
+                Backbone.$(window).on('popstate', this.checkUrl);
+            } else if (this._wantsHashChange && ('onhashchange' in window) && !oldIE) {
+                Backbone.$(window).on('hashchange', this.checkUrl);
+            } else if (this._wantsHashChange) {
+                this._checkUrlInterval = setInterval(this.checkUrl, this.interval);
+            }
+
+            // Determine if we need to change the base url, for a pushState link
+            // opened by a non-pushState browser.
+            this.fragment = fragment;
+            var loc = this.location;
+            var atRoot = loc.pathname.replace(/[^\/]$/, '$&/') === this.root;
+
+            // Transition from hashChange to pushState or vice versa if both are
+            // requested.
+            if (this._wantsHashChange && this._wantsPushState) {
+
+                // If we've started off with a route from a `pushState`-enabled
+                // browser, but we're currently in a browser that doesn't support it...
+                if (!this._hasPushState && !atRoot) {
+                    this.fragment = this.getFragment(null, true);
+                    this.location.replace(this.root + this.location.search + '#' + this.fragment);
+                    // Return immediately as browser will do redirect to new url
+                    return true;
+
+                    // Or if we've started out with a hash-based route, but we're currently
+                    // in a browser where it could be `pushState`-based instead...
+                } else if (this._hasPushState && atRoot && loc.hash) {
+                    this.fragment = this.getHash().replace(routeStripper, '');
+                    this.history.replaceState({}, document.title, this.root + this.fragment + loc.search);
+                }
+
+            }
+
+            if (!this.options.silent) return this.loadUrl();
+        },
+
+        // Disable Backbone.history, perhaps temporarily. Not useful in a real app,
+        // but possibly useful for unit testing Routers.
+        stop: function () {
+            Backbone.$(window).off('popstate', this.checkUrl).off('hashchange', this.checkUrl);
+            clearInterval(this._checkUrlInterval);
+            History.started = false;
+        },
+
+        // Add a route to be tested when the fragment changes. Routes added later
+        // may override previous routes.
+        route: function (route, callback) {
+            this.handlers.unshift({ route: route, callback: callback });
+        },
+
+        // Checks the current URL to see if it has changed, and if it has,
+        // calls `loadUrl`, normalizing across the hidden iframe.
+        checkUrl: function (e) {
+            var current = this.getFragment();
+            if (current === this.fragment && this.iframe) {
+                current = this.getFragment(this.getHash(this.iframe));
+            }
+            if (current === this.fragment) return false;
+            if (this.iframe) this.navigate(current);
+            this.loadUrl();
+        },
+
+        // Attempt to load the current URL fragment. If a route succeeds with a
+        // match, returns `true`. If no defined routes matches the fragment,
+        // returns `false`.
+        loadUrl: function (fragment) {
+            fragment = this.fragment = this.getFragment(fragment);
+            return _.any(this.handlers, function (handler) {
+                if (handler.route.test(fragment)) {
+                    handler.callback(fragment);
+                    return true;
+                }
+            });
+        },
+
+        // Save a fragment into the hash history, or replace the URL state if the
+        // 'replace' option is passed. You are responsible for properly URL-encoding
+        // the fragment in advance.
+        //
+        // The options object can contain `trigger: true` if you wish to have the
+        // route callback be fired (not usually desirable), or `replace: true`, if
+        // you wish to modify the current URL without adding an entry to the history.
+        navigate: function (fragment, options) {
+            if (!History.started) return false;
+            if (!options || options === true) options = { trigger: !!options };
+
+            var url = this.root + (fragment = this.getFragment(fragment || ''));
+
+            // Strip the fragment of the query and hash for matching.
+            fragment = fragment.replace(pathStripper, '');
+
+            if (this.fragment === fragment) return;
+            this.fragment = fragment;
+
+            // Don't include a trailing slash on the root.
+            if (fragment === '' && url !== '/') url = url.slice(0, -1);
+
+            // If pushState is available, we use it to set the fragment as a real URL.
+            if (this._hasPushState) {
+                this.history[options.replace ? 'replaceState' : 'pushState']({}, document.title, url);
+
+                // If hash changes haven't been explicitly disabled, update the hash
+                // fragment to store history.
+            } else if (this._wantsHashChange) {
+                this._updateHash(this.location, fragment, options.replace);
+                if (this.iframe && (fragment !== this.getFragment(this.getHash(this.iframe)))) {
+                    // Opening and closing the iframe tricks IE7 and earlier to push a
+                    // history entry on hash-tag change.  When replace is true, we don't
+                    // want this.
+                    if (!options.replace) this.iframe.document.open().close();
+                    this._updateHash(this.iframe.location, fragment, options.replace);
+                }
+
+                // If you've told us that you explicitly don't want fallback hashchange-
+                // based history, then `navigate` becomes a page refresh.
+            } else {
+                return this.location.assign(url);
+            }
+            if (options.trigger) return this.loadUrl(fragment);
+        },
+
+        // Update the hash location, either replacing the current entry, or adding
+        // a new one to the browser history.
+        _updateHash: function (location, fragment, replace) {
+            if (replace) {
+                var href = location.href.replace(/(javascript:|#).*$/, '');
+                location.replace(href + '#' + fragment);
+            } else {
+                // Some browsers require that `hash` contains a leading #.
+                location.hash = '#' + fragment;
+            }
+        }
+
+    });
+
+    // Create the default Backbone.history.
+    Backbone.history = new History;
+
+    // Helpers
+    // -------
+
+    // Helper function to correctly set up the prototype chain, for subclasses.
+    // Similar to `goog.inherits`, but uses a hash of prototype properties and
+    // class properties to be extended.
+    var extend = function (protoProps, staticProps) {
+        var parent = this;
+        var child;
+
+        // The constructor function for the new subclass is either defined by you
+        // (the "constructor" property in your `extend` definition), or defaulted
+        // by us to simply call the parent's constructor.
+        if (protoProps && _.has(protoProps, 'constructor')) {
+            child = protoProps.constructor;
+        } else {
+            child = function () { return parent.apply(this, arguments); };
+        }
+
+        // Add static properties to the constructor function, if supplied.
+        _.extend(child, parent, staticProps);
+
+        // Set the prototype chain to inherit from `parent`, without calling
+        // `parent`'s constructor function.
+        var Surrogate = function () { this.constructor = child; };
+        Surrogate.prototype = parent.prototype;
+        child.prototype = new Surrogate;
+
+        // Add prototype properties (instance properties) to the subclass,
+        // if supplied.
+        if (protoProps) _.extend(child.prototype, protoProps);
+
+        // Set a convenience property in case the parent's prototype is needed
+        // later.
+        child.__super__ = parent.prototype;
+
+        return child;
+    };
+
+    // Set up inheritance for the model, collection, router, view and history.
+    Model.extend = Collection.extend = Router.extend = View.extend = History.extend = extend;
+
+    // Throw an error when a URL is needed, and none is supplied.
+    var urlError = function () {
+        throw new Error('A "url" property or function must be specified');
+    };
+
+    // Wrap an optional error callback with a fallback error event.
+    var wrapError = function (model, options) {
+        var error = options.error;
+        options.error = function (resp) {
+            if (error) error(model, resp, options);
+            model.trigger('error', model, resp, options);
+        };
+    };
+
+}).call(this);

Jint.Tests/Parser/Scripts/mootools.js

@@ -0,0 +1,6456 @@
+/*
+---
+MooTools: the javascript framework
+
+web build:
+ - http://mootools.net/core/76bf47062d6c1983d66ce47ad66aa0e0
+
+packager build:
+ - packager build Core/Core Core/Array Core/String Core/Number Core/Function Core/Object Core/Event Core/Browser Core/Class Core/Class.Extras Core/Slick.Parser Core/Slick.Finder Core/Element Core/Element.Style Core/Element.Event Core/Element.Delegation Core/Element.Dimensions Core/Fx Core/Fx.CSS Core/Fx.Tween Core/Fx.Morph Core/Fx.Transitions Core/Request Core/Request.HTML Core/Request.JSON Core/Cookie Core/JSON Core/DOMReady Core/Swiff
+
+...
+*/
+
+/*
+---
+
+name: Core
+
+description: The heart of MooTools.
+
+license: MIT-style license.
+
+copyright: Copyright (c) 2006-2012 [Valerio Proietti](http://mad4milk.net/).
+
+authors: The MooTools production team (http://mootools.net/developers/)
+
+inspiration:
+  - Class implementation inspired by [Base.js](http://dean.edwards.name/weblog/2006/03/base/) Copyright (c) 2006 Dean Edwards, [GNU Lesser General Public License](http://opensource.org/licenses/lgpl-license.php)
+  - Some functionality inspired by [Prototype.js](http://prototypejs.org) Copyright (c) 2005-2007 Sam Stephenson, [MIT License](http://opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php)
+
+provides: [Core, MooTools, Type, typeOf, instanceOf, Native]
+
+...
+*/
+
+(function () {
+
+    this.MooTools = {
+        version: '1.4.5',
+        build: 'ab8ea8824dc3b24b6666867a2c4ed58ebb762cf0'
+    };
+
+    // typeOf, instanceOf
+
+    var typeOf = this.typeOf = function (item) {
+        if (item == null) return 'null';
+        if (item.$family != null) return item.$family();
+
+        if (item.nodeName) {
+            if (item.nodeType == 1) return 'element';
+            if (item.nodeType == 3) return (/\S/).test(item.nodeValue) ? 'textnode' : 'whitespace';
+        } else if (typeof item.length == 'number') {
+            if (item.callee) return 'arguments';
+            if ('item' in item) return 'collection';
+        }
+
+        return typeof item;
+    };
+
+    var instanceOf = this.instanceOf = function (item, object) {
+        if (item == null) return false;
+        var constructor = item.$constructor || item.constructor;
+        while (constructor) {
+            if (constructor === object) return true;
+            constructor = constructor.parent;
+        }
+        /*<ltIE8>*/
+        if (!item.hasOwnProperty) return false;
+        /*</ltIE8>*/
+        return item instanceof object;
+    };
+
+    // Function overloading
+
+    var Function = this.Function;
+
+    var enumerables = true;
+    for (var i in { toString: 1 }) enumerables = null;
+    if (enumerables) enumerables = ['hasOwnProperty', 'valueOf', 'isPrototypeOf', 'propertyIsEnumerable', 'toLocaleString', 'toString', 'constructor'];
+
+    Function.prototype.overloadSetter = function (usePlural) {
+        var self = this;
+        return function (a, b) {
+            if (a == null) return this;
+            if (usePlural || typeof a != 'string') {
+                for (var k in a) self.call(this, k, a[k]);
+                if (enumerables) for (var i = enumerables.length; i--;) {
+                    k = enumerables[i];
+                    if (a.hasOwnProperty(k)) self.call(this, k, a[k]);
+                }
+            } else {
+                self.call(this, a, b);
+            }
+            return this;
+        };
+    };
+
+    Function.prototype.overloadGetter = function (usePlural) {
+        var self = this;
+        return function (a) {
+            var args, result;
+            if (typeof a != 'string') args = a;
+            else if (arguments.length > 1) args = arguments;
+            else if (usePlural) args = [a];
+            if (args) {
+                result = {};
+                for (var i = 0; i < args.length; i++) result[args[i]] = self.call(this, args[i]);
+            } else {
+                result = self.call(this, a);
+            }
+            return result;
+        };
+    };
+
+    Function.prototype.extend = function (key, value) {
+        this[key] = value;
+    }.overloadSetter();
+
+    Function.prototype.implement = function (key, value) {
+        this.prototype[key] = value;
+    }.overloadSetter();
+
+    // From
+
+    var slice = Array.prototype.slice;
+
+    Function.from = function (item) {
+        return (typeOf(item) == 'function') ? item : function () {
+            return item;
+        };
+    };
+
+    Array.from = function (item) {
+        if (item == null) return [];
+        return (Type.isEnumerable(item) && typeof item != 'string') ? (typeOf(item) == 'array') ? item : slice.call(item) : [item];
+    };
+
+    Number.from = function (item) {
+        var number = parseFloat(item);
+        return isFinite(number) ? number : null;
+    };
+
+    String.from = function (item) {
+        return item + '';
+    };
+
+    // hide, protect
+
+    Function.implement({
+
+        hide: function () {
+            this.$hidden = true;
+            return this;
+        },
+
+        protect: function () {
+            this.$protected = true;
+            return this;
+        }
+
+    });
+
+    // Type
+
+    var Type = this.Type = function (name, object) {
+        if (name) {
+            var lower = name.toLowerCase();
+            var typeCheck = function (item) {
+                return (typeOf(item) == lower);
+            };
+
+            Type['is' + name] = typeCheck;
+            if (object != null) {
+                object.prototype.$family = (function () {
+                    return lower;
+                }).hide();
+                //<1.2compat>
+                object.type = typeCheck;
+                //</1.2compat>
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (object == null) return null;
+
+        object.extend(this);
+        object.$constructor = Type;
+        object.prototype.$constructor = object;
+
+        return object;
+    };
+
+    var toString = Object.prototype.toString;
+
+    Type.isEnumerable = function (item) {
+        return (item != null && typeof item.length == 'number' && toString.call(item) != '[object Function]');
+    };
+
+    var hooks = {};
+
+    var hooksOf = function (object) {
+        var type = typeOf(object.prototype);
+        return hooks[type] || (hooks[type] = []);
+    };
+
+    var implement = function (name, method) {
+        if (method && method.$hidden) return;
+
+        var hooks = hooksOf(this);
+
+        for (var i = 0; i < hooks.length; i++) {
+            var hook = hooks[i];
+            if (typeOf(hook) == 'type') implement.call(hook, name, method);
+            else hook.call(this, name, method);
+        }
+
+        var previous = this.prototype[name];
+        if (previous == null || !previous.$protected) this.prototype[name] = method;
+
+        if (this[name] == null && typeOf(method) == 'function') extend.call(this, name, function (item) {
+            return method.apply(item, slice.call(arguments, 1));
+        });
+    };
+
+    var extend = function (name, method) {
+        if (method && method.$hidden) return;
+        var previous = this[name];
+        if (previous == null || !previous.$protected) this[name] = method;
+    };
+
+    Type.implement({
+
+        implement: implement.overloadSetter(),
+
+        extend: extend.overloadSetter(),
+
+        alias: function (name, existing) {
+            implement.call(this, name, this.prototype[existing]);
+        }.overloadSetter(),
+
+        mirror: function (hook) {
+            hooksOf(this).push(hook);
+            return this;
+        }
+
+    });
+
+    new Type('Type', Type);
+
+    // Default Types
+
+    var force = function (name, object, methods) {
+        var isType = (object != Object),
+            prototype = object.prototype;
+
+        if (isType) object = new Type(name, object);
+
+        for (var i = 0, l = methods.length; i < l; i++) {
+            var key = methods[i],
+                generic = object[key],
+                proto = prototype[key];
+
+            if (generic) generic.protect();
+            if (isType && proto) object.implement(key, proto.protect());
+        }
+
+        if (isType) {
+            var methodsEnumerable = prototype.propertyIsEnumerable(methods[0]);
+            object.forEachMethod = function (fn) {
+                if (!methodsEnumerable) for (var i = 0, l = methods.length; i < l; i++) {
+                    fn.call(prototype, prototype[methods[i]], methods[i]);
+                }
+                for (var key in prototype) fn.call(prototype, prototype[key], key)
+            };
+        }
+
+        return force;
+    };
+
+    force('String', String, [
+        'charAt', 'charCodeAt', 'concat', 'indexOf', 'lastIndexOf', 'match', 'quote', 'replace', 'search',
+        'slice', 'split', 'substr', 'substring', 'trim', 'toLowerCase', 'toUpperCase'
+    ])('Array', Array, [
+        'pop', 'push', 'reverse', 'shift', 'sort', 'splice', 'unshift', 'concat', 'join', 'slice',
+        'indexOf', 'lastIndexOf', 'filter', 'forEach', 'every', 'map', 'some', 'reduce', 'reduceRight'
+    ])('Number', Number, [
+        'toExponential', 'toFixed', 'toLocaleString', 'toPrecision'
+    ])('Function', Function, [
+        'apply', 'call', 'bind'
+    ])('RegExp', RegExp, [
+        'exec', 'test'
+    ])('Object', Object, [
+        'create', 'defineProperty', 'defineProperties', 'keys',
+        'getPrototypeOf', 'getOwnPropertyDescriptor', 'getOwnPropertyNames',
+        'preventExtensions', 'isExtensible', 'seal', 'isSealed', 'freeze', 'isFrozen'
+    ])('Date', Date, ['now']);
+
+    Object.extend = extend.overloadSetter();
+
+    Date.extend('now', function () {
+        return +(new Date);
+    });
+
+    new Type('Boolean', Boolean);
+
+    // fixes NaN returning as Number
+
+    Number.prototype.$family = function () {
+        return isFinite(this) ? 'number' : 'null';
+    }.hide();
+
+    // Number.random
+
+    Number.extend('random', function (min, max) {
+        return Math.floor(Math.random() * (max - min + 1) + min);
+    });
+
+    // forEach, each
+
+    var hasOwnProperty = Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty;
+    Object.extend('forEach', function (object, fn, bind) {
+        for (var key in object) {
+            if (hasOwnProperty.call(object, key)) fn.call(bind, object[key], key, object);
+        }
+    });
+
+    Object.each = Object.forEach;
+
+    Array.implement({
+
+        forEach: function (fn, bind) {
+            for (var i = 0, l = this.length; i < l; i++) {
+                if (i in this) fn.call(bind, this[i], i, this);
+            }
+        },
+
+        each: function (fn, bind) {
+            Array.forEach(this, fn, bind);
+            return this;
+        }
+
+    });
+
+    // Array & Object cloning, Object merging and appending
+
+    var cloneOf = function (item) {
+        switch (typeOf(item)) {
+            case 'array': return item.clone();
+            case 'object': return Object.clone(item);
+            default: return item;
+        }
+    };
+
+    Array.implement('clone', function () {
+        var i = this.length, clone = new Array(i);
+        while (i--) clone[i] = cloneOf(this[i]);
+        return clone;
+    });
+
+    var mergeOne = function (source, key, current) {
+        switch (typeOf(current)) {
+            case 'object':
+                if (typeOf(source[key]) == 'object') Object.merge(source[key], current);
+                else source[key] = Object.clone(current);
+                break;
+            case 'array': source[key] = current.clone(); break;
+            default: source[key] = current;
+        }
+        return source;
+    };
+
+    Object.extend({
+
+        merge: function (source, k, v) {
+            if (typeOf(k) == 'string') return mergeOne(source, k, v);
+            for (var i = 1, l = arguments.length; i < l; i++) {
+                var object = arguments[i];
+                for (var key in object) mergeOne(source, key, object[key]);
+            }
+            return source;
+        },
+
+        clone: function (object) {
+            var clone = {};
+            for (var key in object) clone[key] = cloneOf(object[key]);
+            return clone;
+        },
+
+        append: function (original) {
+            for (var i = 1, l = arguments.length; i < l; i++) {
+                var extended = arguments[i] || {};
+                for (var key in extended) original[key] = extended[key];
+            }
+            return original;
+        }
+
+    });
+
+    // Object-less types
+
+    ['Object', 'WhiteSpace', 'TextNode', 'Collection', 'Arguments'].each(function (name) {
+        new Type(name);
+    });
+
+    // Unique ID
+
+    var UID = Date.now();
+
+    String.extend('uniqueID', function () {
+        return (UID++).toString(36);
+    });
+
+    //<1.2compat>
+
+    var Hash = this.Hash = new Type('Hash', function (object) {
+        if (typeOf(object) == 'hash') object = Object.clone(object.getClean());
+        for (var key in object) this[key] = object[key];
+        return this;
+    });
+
+    Hash.implement({
+
+        forEach: function (fn, bind) {
+            Object.forEach(this, fn, bind);
+        },
+
+        getClean: function () {
+            var clean = {};
+            for (var key in this) {
+                if (this.hasOwnProperty(key)) clean[key] = this[key];
+            }
+            return clean;
+        },
+
+        getLength: function () {
+            var length = 0;
+            for (var key in this) {
+                if (this.hasOwnProperty(key)) length++;
+            }
+            return length;
+        }
+
+    });
+
+    Hash.alias('each', 'forEach');
+
+    Object.type = Type.isObject;
+
+    var Native = this.Native = function (properties) {
+        return new Type(properties.name, properties.initialize);
+    };
+
+    Native.type = Type.type;
+
+    Native.implement = function (objects, methods) {
+        for (var i = 0; i < objects.length; i++) objects[i].implement(methods);
+        return Native;
+    };
+
+    var arrayType = Array.type;
+    Array.type = function (item) {
+        return instanceOf(item, Array) || arrayType(item);
+    };
+
+    this.$A = function (item) {
+        return Array.from(item).slice();
+    };
+
+    this.$arguments = function (i) {
+        return function () {
+            return arguments[i];
+        };
+    };
+
+    this.$chk = function (obj) {
+        return !!(obj || obj === 0);
+    };
+
+    this.$clear = function (timer) {
+        clearTimeout(timer);
+        clearInterval(timer);
+        return null;
+    };
+
+    this.$defined = function (obj) {
+        return (obj != null);
+    };
+
+    this.$each = function (iterable, fn, bind) {
+        var type = typeOf(iterable);
+        ((type == 'arguments' || type == 'collection' || type == 'array' || type == 'elements') ? Array : Object).each(iterable, fn, bind);
+    };
+
+    this.$empty = function () { };
+
+    this.$extend = function (original, extended) {
+        return Object.append(original, extended);
+    };
+
+    this.$H = function (object) {
+        return new Hash(object);
+    };
+
+    this.$merge = function () {
+        var args = Array.slice(arguments);
+        args.unshift({});
+        return Object.merge.apply(null, args);
+    };
+
+    this.$lambda = Function.from;
+    this.$mixin = Object.merge;
+    this.$random = Number.random;
+    this.$splat = Array.from;
+    this.$time = Date.now;
+
+    this.$type = function (object) {
+        var type = typeOf(object);
+        if (type == 'elements') return 'array';
+        return (type == 'null') ? false : type;
+    };
+
+    this.$unlink = function (object) {
+        switch (typeOf(object)) {
+            case 'object': return Object.clone(object);
+            case 'array': return Array.clone(object);
+            case 'hash': return new Hash(object);
+            default: return object;
+        }
+    };
+
+    //</1.2compat>
+
+})();
+
+
+/*
+---
+
+name: Array
+
+description: Contains Array Prototypes like each, contains, and erase.
+
+license: MIT-style license.
+
+requires: Type
+
+provides: Array
+
+...
+*/
+
+Array.implement({
+
+    /*<!ES5>*/
+    every: function (fn, bind) {
+        for (var i = 0, l = this.length >>> 0; i < l; i++) {
+            if ((i in this) && !fn.call(bind, this[i], i, this)) return false;
+        }
+        return true;
+    },
+
+    filter: function (fn, bind) {
+        var results = [];
+        for (var value, i = 0, l = this.length >>> 0; i < l; i++) if (i in this) {
+            value = this[i];
+            if (fn.call(bind, value, i, this)) results.push(value);
+        }
+        return results;
+    },
+
+    indexOf: function (item, from) {
+        var length = this.length >>> 0;
+        for (var i = (from < 0) ? Math.max(0, length + from) : from || 0; i < length; i++) {
+            if (this[i] === item) return i;
+        }
+        return -1;
+    },
+
+    map: function (fn, bind) {
+        var length = this.length >>> 0, results = Array(length);
+        for (var i = 0; i < length; i++) {
+            if (i in this) results[i] = fn.call(bind, this[i], i, this);
+        }
+        return results;
+    },
+
+    some: function (fn, bind) {
+        for (var i = 0, l = this.length >>> 0; i < l; i++) {
+            if ((i in this) && fn.call(bind, this[i], i, this)) return true;
+        }
+        return false;
+    },
+    /*</!ES5>*/
+
+    clean: function () {
+        return this.filter(function (item) {
+            return item != null;
+        });
+    },
+
+    invoke: function (methodName) {
+        var args = Array.slice(arguments, 1);
+        return this.map(function (item) {
+            return item[methodName].apply(item, args);
+        });
+    },
+
+    associate: function (keys) {
+        var obj = {}, length = Math.min(this.length, keys.length);
+        for (var i = 0; i < length; i++) obj[keys[i]] = this[i];
+        return obj;
+    },
+
+    link: function (object) {
+        var result = {};
+        for (var i = 0, l = this.length; i < l; i++) {
+            for (var key in object) {
+                if (object[key](this[i])) {
+                    result[key] = this[i];
+                    delete object[key];
+                    break;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        return result;
+    },
+
+    contains: function (item, from) {
+        return this.indexOf(item, from) != -1;
+    },
+
+    append: function (array) {
+        this.push.apply(this, array);
+        return this;
+    },
+
+    getLast: function () {
+        return (this.length) ? this[this.length - 1] : null;
+    },
+
+    getRandom: function () {
+        return (this.length) ? this[Number.random(0, this.length - 1)] : null;
+    },
+
+    include: function (item) {
+        if (!this.contains(item)) this.push(item);
+        return this;
+    },
+
+    combine: function (array) {
+        for (var i = 0, l = array.length; i < l; i++) this.include(array[i]);
+        return this;
+    },
+
+    erase: function (item) {
+        for (var i = this.length; i--;) {
+            if (this[i] === item) this.splice(i, 1);
+        }
+        return this;
+    },
+
+    empty: function () {
+        this.length = 0;
+        return this;
+    },
+
+    flatten: function () {
+        var array = [];
+        for (var i = 0, l = this.length; i < l; i++) {
+            var type = typeOf(this[i]);
+            if (type == 'null') continue;
+            array = array.concat((type == 'array' || type == 'collection' || type == 'arguments' || instanceOf(this[i], Array)) ? Array.flatten(this[i]) : this[i]);
+        }
+        return array;
+    },
+
+    pick: function () {
+        for (var i = 0, l = this.length; i < l; i++) {
+            if (this[i] != null) return this[i];
+        }
+        return null;
+    },
+
+    hexToRgb: function (array) {
+        if (this.length != 3) return null;
+        var rgb = this.map(function (value) {
+            if (value.length == 1) value += value;
+            return value.toInt(16);
+        });
+        return (array) ? rgb : 'rgb(' + rgb + ')';
+    },
+
+    rgbToHex: function (array) {
+        if (this.length < 3) return null;
+        if (this.length == 4 && this[3] == 0 && !array) return 'transparent';
+        var hex = [];
+        for (var i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
+            var bit = (this[i] - 0).toString(16);
+            hex.push((bit.length == 1) ? '0' + bit : bit);
+        }
+        return (array) ? hex : '#' + hex.join('');
+    }
+
+});
+
+//<1.2compat>
+
+Array.alias('extend', 'append');
+
+var $pick = function () {
+    return Array.from(arguments).pick();
+};
+
+//</1.2compat>
+
+
+/*
+---
+
+name: String
+
+description: Contains String Prototypes like camelCase, capitalize, test, and toInt.
+
+license: MIT-style license.
+
+requires: Type
+
+provides: String
+
+...
+*/
+
+String.implement({
+
+    test: function (regex, params) {
+        return ((typeOf(regex) == 'regexp') ? regex : new RegExp('' + regex, params)).test(this);
+    },
+
+    contains: function (string, separator) {
+        return (separator) ? (separator + this + separator).indexOf(separator + string + separator) > -1 : String(this).indexOf(string) > -1;
+    },
+
+    trim: function () {
+        return String(this).replace(/^\s+|\s+$/g, '');
+    },
+
+    clean: function () {
+        return String(this).replace(/\s+/g, ' ').trim();
+    },
+
+    camelCase: function () {
+        return String(this).replace(/-\D/g, function (match) {
+            return match.charAt(1).toUpperCase();
+        });
+    },
+
+    hyphenate: function () {
+        return String(this).replace(/[A-Z]/g, function (match) {
+            return ('-' + match.charAt(0).toLowerCase());
+        });
+    },
+
+    capitalize: function () {
+        return String(this).replace(/\b[a-z]/g, function (match) {
+            return match.toUpperCase();
+        });
+    },
+
+    escapeRegExp: function () {
+        return String(this).replace(/([-.*+?^${}()|[\]\/\\])/g, '\\$1');
+    },
+
+    toInt: function (base) {
+        return parseInt(this, base || 10);
+    },
+
+    toFloat: function () {
+        return parseFloat(this);
+    },
+
+    hexToRgb: function (array) {
+        var hex = String(this).match(/^#?(\w{1,2})(\w{1,2})(\w{1,2})$/);
+        return (hex) ? hex.slice(1).hexToRgb(array) : null;
+    },
+
+    rgbToHex: function (array) {
+        var rgb = String(this).match(/\d{1,3}/g);
+        return (rgb) ? rgb.rgbToHex(array) : null;
+    },
+
+    substitute: function (object, regexp) {
+        return String(this).replace(regexp || (/\\?\{([^{}]+)\}/g), function (match, name) {
+            if (match.charAt(0) == '\\') return match.slice(1);
+            return (object[name] != null) ? object[name] : '';
+        });
+    }
+
+});
+
+
+/*
+---
+
+name: Number
+
+description: Contains Number Prototypes like limit, round, times, and ceil.
+
+license: MIT-style license.
+
+requires: Type
+
+provides: Number
+
+...
+*/
+
+Number.implement({
+
+    limit: function (min, max) {
+        return Math.min(max, Math.max(min, this));
+    },
+
+    round: function (precision) {
+        precision = Math.pow(10, precision || 0).toFixed(precision < 0 ? -precision : 0);
+        return Math.round(this * precision) / precision;
+    },
+
+    times: function (fn, bind) {
+        for (var i = 0; i < this; i++) fn.call(bind, i, this);
+    },
+
+    toFloat: function () {
+        return parseFloat(this);
+    },
+
+    toInt: function (base) {
+        return parseInt(this, base || 10);
+    }
+
+});
+
+Number.alias('each', 'times');
+
+(function (math) {
+    var methods = {};
+    math.each(function (name) {
+        if (!Number[name]) methods[name] = function () {
+            return Math[name].apply(null, [this].concat(Array.from(arguments)));
+        };
+    });
+    Number.implement(methods);
+})(['abs', 'acos', 'asin', 'atan', 'atan2', 'ceil', 'cos', 'exp', 'floor', 'log', 'max', 'min', 'pow', 'sin', 'sqrt', 'tan']);
+
+
+/*
+---
+
+name: Function
+
+description: Contains Function Prototypes like create, bind, pass, and delay.
+
+license: MIT-style license.
+
+requires: Type
+
+provides: Function
+
+...
+*/
+
+Function.extend({
+
+    attempt: function () {
+        for (var i = 0, l = arguments.length; i < l; i++) {
+            try {
+                return arguments[i]();
+            } catch (e) { }
+        }
+        return null;
+    }
+
+});
+
+Function.implement({
+
+    attempt: function (args, bind) {
+        try {
+            return this.apply(bind, Array.from(args));
+        } catch (e) { }
+
+        return null;
+    },
+
+    /*<!ES5-bind>*/
+    bind: function (that) {
+        var self = this,
+			args = arguments.length > 1 ? Array.slice(arguments, 1) : null,
+			F = function () { };
+
+        var bound = function () {
+            var context = that, length = arguments.length;
+            if (this instanceof bound) {
+                F.prototype = self.prototype;
+                context = new F;
+            }
+            var result = (!args && !length)
+				? self.call(context)
+				: self.apply(context, args && length ? args.concat(Array.slice(arguments)) : args || arguments);
+            return context == that ? result : context;
+        };
+        return bound;
+    },
+    /*</!ES5-bind>*/
+
+    pass: function (args, bind) {
+        var self = this;
+        if (args != null) args = Array.from(args);
+        return function () {
+            return self.apply(bind, args || arguments);
+        };
+    },
+
+    delay: function (delay, bind, args) {
+        return setTimeout(this.pass((args == null ? [] : args), bind), delay);
+    },
+
+    periodical: function (periodical, bind, args) {
+        return setInterval(this.pass((args == null ? [] : args), bind), periodical);
+    }
+
+});
+
+//<1.2compat>
+
+delete Function.prototype.bind;
+
+Function.implement({
+
+    create: function (options) {
+        var self = this;
+        options = options || {};
+        return function (event) {
+            var args = options.arguments;
+            args = (args != null) ? Array.from(args) : Array.slice(arguments, (options.event) ? 1 : 0);
+            if (options.event) args = [event || window.event].extend(args);
+            var returns = function () {
+                return self.apply(options.bind || null, args);
+            };
+            if (options.delay) return setTimeout(returns, options.delay);
+            if (options.periodical) return setInterval(returns, options.periodical);
+            if (options.attempt) return Function.attempt(returns);
+            return returns();
+        };
+    },
+
+    bind: function (bind, args) {
+        var self = this;
+        if (args != null) args = Array.from(args);
+        return function () {
+            return self.apply(bind, args || arguments);
+        };
+    },
+
+    bindWithEvent: function (bind, args) {
+        var self = this;
+        if (args != null) args = Array.from(args);
+        return function (event) {
+            return self.apply(bind, (args == null) ? arguments : [event].concat(args));
+        };
+    },
+
+    run: function (args, bind) {
+        return this.apply(bind, Array.from(args));
+    }
+
+});
+
+if (Object.create == Function.prototype.create) Object.create = null;
+
+var $try = Function.attempt;
+
+//</1.2compat>
+
+
+/*
+---
+
+name: Object
+
+description: Object generic methods
+
+license: MIT-style license.
+
+requires: Type
+
+provides: [Object, Hash]
+
+...
+*/
+
+(function () {
+
+    var hasOwnProperty = Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty;
+
+    Object.extend({
+
+        subset: function (object, keys) {
+            var results = {};
+            for (var i = 0, l = keys.length; i < l; i++) {
+                var k = keys[i];
+                if (k in object) results[k] = object[k];
+            }
+            return results;
+        },
+
+        map: function (object, fn, bind) {
+            var results = {};
+            for (var key in object) {
+                if (hasOwnProperty.call(object, key)) results[key] = fn.call(bind, object[key], key, object);
+            }
+            return results;
+        },
+
+        filter: function (object, fn, bind) {
+            var results = {};
+            for (var key in object) {
+                var value = object[key];
+                if (hasOwnProperty.call(object, key) && fn.call(bind, value, key, object)) results[key] = value;
+            }
+            return results;
+        },
+
+        every: function (object, fn, bind) {
+            for (var key in object) {
+                if (hasOwnProperty.call(object, key) && !fn.call(bind, object[key], key)) return false;
+            }
+            return true;
+        },
+
+        some: function (object, fn, bind) {
+            for (var key in object) {
+                if (hasOwnProperty.call(object, key) && fn.call(bind, object[key], key)) return true;
+            }
+            return false;
+        },
+
+        keys: function (object) {
+            var keys = [];
+            for (var key in object) {
+                if (hasOwnProperty.call(object, key)) keys.push(key);
+            }
+            return keys;
+        },
+
+        values: function (object) {
+            var values = [];
+            for (var key in object) {
+                if (hasOwnProperty.call(object, key)) values.push(object[key]);
+            }
+            return values;
+        },
+
+        getLength: function (object) {
+            return Object.keys(object).length;
+        },
+
+        keyOf: function (object, value) {
+            for (var key in object) {
+                if (hasOwnProperty.call(object, key) && object[key] === value) return key;
+            }
+            return null;
+        },
+
+        contains: function (object, value) {
+            return Object.keyOf(object, value) != null;
+        },
+
+        toQueryString: function (object, base) {
+            var queryString = [];
+
+            Object.each(object, function (value, key) {
+                if (base) key = base + '[' + key + ']';
+                var result;
+                switch (typeOf(value)) {
+                    case 'object': result = Object.toQueryString(value, key); break;
+                    case 'array':
+                        var qs = {};
+                        value.each(function (val, i) {
+                            qs[i] = val;
+                        });
+                        result = Object.toQueryString(qs, key);
+                        break;
+                    default: result = key + '=' + encodeURIComponent(value);
+                }
+                if (value != null) queryString.push(result);
+            });
+
+            return queryString.join('&');
+        }
+
+    });
+
+})();
+
+//<1.2compat>
+
+Hash.implement({
+
+    has: Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty,
+
+    keyOf: function (value) {
+        return Object.keyOf(this, value);
+    },
+
+    hasValue: function (value) {
+        return Object.contains(this, value);
+    },
+
+    extend: function (properties) {
+        Hash.each(properties || {}, function (value, key) {
+            Hash.set(this, key, value);
+        }, this);
+        return this;
+    },
+
+    combine: function (properties) {
+        Hash.each(properties || {}, function (value, key) {
+            Hash.include(this, key, value);
+        }, this);
+        return this;
+    },
+
+    erase: function (key) {
+        if (this.hasOwnProperty(key)) delete this[key];
+        return this;
+    },
+
+    get: function (key) {
+        return (this.hasOwnProperty(key)) ? this[key] : null;
+    },
+
+    set: function (key, value) {
+        if (!this[key] || this.hasOwnProperty(key)) this[key] = value;
+        return this;
+    },
+
+    empty: function () {
+        Hash.each(this, function (value, key) {
+            delete this[key];
+        }, this);
+        return this;
+    },
+
+    include: function (key, value) {
+        if (this[key] == null) this[key] = value;
+        return this;
+    },
+
+    map: function (fn, bind) {
+        return new Hash(Object.map(this, fn, bind));
+    },
+
+    filter: function (fn, bind) {
+        return new Hash(Object.filter(this, fn, bind));
+    },
+
+    every: function (fn, bind) {
+        return Object.every(this, fn, bind);
+    },
+
+    some: function (fn, bind) {
+        return Object.some(this, fn, bind);
+    },
+
+    getKeys: function () {
+        return Object.keys(this);
+    },
+
+    getValues: function () {
+        return Object.values(this);
+    },
+
+    toQueryString: function (base) {
+        return Object.toQueryString(this, base);
+    }
+
+});
+
+Hash.extend = Object.append;
+
+Hash.alias({ indexOf: 'keyOf', contains: 'hasValue' });
+
+//</1.2compat>
+
+
+/*
+---
+
+name: Browser
+
+description: The Browser Object. Contains Browser initialization, Window and Document, and the Browser Hash.
+
+license: MIT-style license.
+
+requires: [Array, Function, Number, String]
+
+provides: [Browser, Window, Document]
+
+...
+*/
+
+(function () {
+
+    var document = this.document;
+    var window = document.window = this;
+
+    var ua = navigator.userAgent.toLowerCase(),
+        platform = navigator.platform.toLowerCase(),
+        UA = ua.match(/(opera|ie|firefox|chrome|version)[\s\/:]([\w\d\.]+)?.*?(safari|version[\s\/:]([\w\d\.]+)|$)/) || [null, 'unknown', 0],
+        mode = UA[1] == 'ie' && document.documentMode;
+
+    var Browser = this.Browser = {
+
+        extend: Function.prototype.extend,
+
+        name: (UA[1] == 'version') ? UA[3] : UA[1],
+
+        version: mode || parseFloat((UA[1] == 'opera' && UA[4]) ? UA[4] : UA[2]),
+
+        Platform: {
+            name: ua.match(/ip(?:ad|od|hone)/) ? 'ios' : (ua.match(/(?:webos|android)/) || platform.match(/mac|win|linux/) || ['other'])[0]
+        },
+
+        Features: {
+            xpath: !!(document.evaluate),
+            air: !!(window.runtime),
+            query: !!(document.querySelector),
+            json: !!(window.JSON)
+        },
+
+        Plugins: {}
+
+    };
+
+    Browser[Browser.name] = true;
+    Browser[Browser.name + parseInt(Browser.version, 10)] = true;
+    Browser.Platform[Browser.Platform.name] = true;
+
+    // Request
+
+    Browser.Request = (function () {
+
+        var XMLHTTP = function () {
+            return new XMLHttpRequest();
+        };
+
+        var MSXML2 = function () {
+            return new ActiveXObject('MSXML2.XMLHTTP');
+        };
+
+        var MSXML = function () {
+            return new ActiveXObject('Microsoft.XMLHTTP');
+        };
+
+        return Function.attempt(function () {
+            XMLHTTP();
+            return XMLHTTP;
+        }, function () {
+            MSXML2();
+            return MSXML2;
+        }, function () {
+            MSXML();
+            return MSXML;
+        });
+
+    })();
+
+    Browser.Features.xhr = !!(Browser.Request);
+
+    // Flash detection
+
+    var version = (Function.attempt(function () {
+        return navigator.plugins['Shockwave Flash'].description;
+    }, function () {
+        return new ActiveXObject('ShockwaveFlash.ShockwaveFlash').GetVariable('$version');
+    }) || '0 r0').match(/\d+/g);
+
+    Browser.Plugins.Flash = {
+        version: Number(version[0] || '0.' + version[1]) || 0,
+        build: Number(version[2]) || 0
+    };
+
+    // String scripts
+
+    Browser.exec = function (text) {
+        if (!text) return text;
+        if (window.execScript) {
+            window.execScript(text);
+        } else {
+            var script = document.createElement('script');
+            script.setAttribute('type', 'text/javascript');
+            script.text = text;
+            document.head.appendChild(script);
+            document.head.removeChild(script);
+        }
+        return text;
+    };
+
+    String.implement('stripScripts', function (exec) {
+        var scripts = '';
+        var text = this.replace(/<script[^>]*>([\s\S]*?)<\/script>/gi, function (all, code) {
+            scripts += code + '\n';
+            return '';
+        });
+        if (exec === true) Browser.exec(scripts);
+        else if (typeOf(exec) == 'function') exec(scripts, text);
+        return text;
+    });
+
+    // Window, Document
+
+    Browser.extend({
+        Document: this.Document,
+        Window: this.Window,
+        Element: this.Element,
+        Event: this.Event
+    });
+
+    this.Window = this.$constructor = new Type('Window', function () { });
+
+    this.$family = Function.from('window').hide();
+
+    Window.mirror(function (name, method) {
+        window[name] = method;
+    });
+
+    this.Document = document.$constructor = new Type('Document', function () { });
+
+    document.$family = Function.from('document').hide();
+
+    Document.mirror(function (name, method) {
+        document[name] = method;
+    });
+
+    document.html = document.documentElement;
+    if (!document.head) document.head = document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0];
+
+    if (document.execCommand) try {
+        document.execCommand("BackgroundImageCache", false, true);
+    } catch (e) { }
+
+    /*<ltIE9>*/
+    if (this.attachEvent && !this.addEventListener) {
+        var unloadEvent = function () {
+            this.detachEvent('onunload', unloadEvent);
+            document.head = document.html = document.window = null;
+        };
+        this.attachEvent('onunload', unloadEvent);
+    }
+
+    // IE fails on collections and <select>.options (refers to <select>)
+    var arrayFrom = Array.from;
+    try {
+        arrayFrom(document.html.childNodes);
+    } catch (e) {
+        Array.from = function (item) {
+            if (typeof item != 'string' && Type.isEnumerable(item) && typeOf(item) != 'array') {
+                var i = item.length, array = new Array(i);
+                while (i--) array[i] = item[i];
+                return array;
+            }
+            return arrayFrom(item);
+        };
+
+        var prototype = Array.prototype,
+            slice = prototype.slice;
+        ['pop', 'push', 'reverse', 'shift', 'sort', 'splice', 'unshift', 'concat', 'join', 'slice'].each(function (name) {
+            var method = prototype[name];
+            Array[name] = function (item) {
+                return method.apply(Array.from(item), slice.call(arguments, 1));
+            };
+        });
+    }
+    /*</ltIE9>*/
+
+    //<1.2compat>
+
+    if (Browser.Platform.ios) Browser.Platform.ipod = true;
+
+    Browser.Engine = {};
+
+    var setEngine = function (name, version) {
+        Browser.Engine.name = name;
+        Browser.Engine[name + version] = true;
+        Browser.Engine.version = version;
+    };
+
+    if (Browser.ie) {
+        Browser.Engine.trident = true;
+
+        switch (Browser.version) {
+            case 6: setEngine('trident', 4); break;
+            case 7: setEngine('trident', 5); break;
+            case 8: setEngine('trident', 6);
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (Browser.firefox) {
+        Browser.Engine.gecko = true;
+
+        if (Browser.version >= 3) setEngine('gecko', 19);
+        else setEngine('gecko', 18);
+    }
+
+    if (Browser.safari || Browser.chrome) {
+        Browser.Engine.webkit = true;
+
+        switch (Browser.version) {
+            case 2: setEngine('webkit', 419); break;
+            case 3: setEngine('webkit', 420); break;
+            case 4: setEngine('webkit', 525);
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (Browser.opera) {
+        Browser.Engine.presto = true;
+
+        if (Browser.version >= 9.6) setEngine('presto', 960);
+        else if (Browser.version >= 9.5) setEngine('presto', 950);
+        else setEngine('presto', 925);
+    }
+
+    if (Browser.name == 'unknown') {
+        switch ((ua.match(/(?:webkit|khtml|gecko)/) || [])[0]) {
+            case 'webkit':
+            case 'khtml':
+                Browser.Engine.webkit = true;
+                break;
+            case 'gecko':
+                Browser.Engine.gecko = true;
+        }
+    }
+
+    this.$exec = Browser.exec;
+
+    //</1.2compat>
+
+})();
+
+
+/*
+---
+
+name: Event
+
+description: Contains the Event Type, to make the event object cross-browser.
+
+license: MIT-style license.
+
+requires: [Window, Document, Array, Function, String, Object]
+
+provides: Event
+
+...
+*/
+
+(function () {
+
+    var _keys = {};
+
+    var DOMEvent = this.DOMEvent = new Type('DOMEvent', function (event, win) {
+        if (!win) win = window;
+        event = event || win.event;
+        if (event.$extended) return event;
+        this.event = event;
+        this.$extended = true;
+        this.shift = event.shiftKey;
+        this.control = event.ctrlKey;
+        this.alt = event.altKey;
+        this.meta = event.metaKey;
+        var type = this.type = event.type;
+        var target = event.target || event.srcElement;
+        while (target && target.nodeType == 3) target = target.parentNode;
+        this.target = document.id(target);
+
+        if (type.indexOf('key') == 0) {
+            var code = this.code = (event.which || event.keyCode);
+            this.key = _keys[code]/*<1.3compat>*/ || Object.keyOf(Event.Keys, code)/*</1.3compat>*/;
+            if (type == 'keydown') {
+                if (code > 111 && code < 124) this.key = 'f' + (code - 111);
+                else if (code > 95 && code < 106) this.key = code - 96;
+            }
+            if (this.key == null) this.key = String.fromCharCode(code).toLowerCase();
+        } else if (type == 'click' || type == 'dblclick' || type == 'contextmenu' || type == 'DOMMouseScroll' || type.indexOf('mouse') == 0) {
+            var doc = win.document;
+            doc = (!doc.compatMode || doc.compatMode == 'CSS1Compat') ? doc.html : doc.body;
+            this.page = {
+                x: (event.pageX != null) ? event.pageX : event.clientX + doc.scrollLeft,
+                y: (event.pageY != null) ? event.pageY : event.clientY + doc.scrollTop
+            };
+            this.client = {
+                x: (event.pageX != null) ? event.pageX - win.pageXOffset : event.clientX,
+                y: (event.pageY != null) ? event.pageY - win.pageYOffset : event.clientY
+            };
+            if (type == 'DOMMouseScroll' || type == 'mousewheel')
+                this.wheel = (event.wheelDelta) ? event.wheelDelta / 120 : -(event.detail || 0) / 3;
+
+            this.rightClick = (event.which == 3 || event.button == 2);
+            if (type == 'mouseover' || type == 'mouseout') {
+                var related = event.relatedTarget || event[(type == 'mouseover' ? 'from' : 'to') + 'Element'];
+                while (related && related.nodeType == 3) related = related.parentNode;
+                this.relatedTarget = document.id(related);
+            }
+        } else if (type.indexOf('touch') == 0 || type.indexOf('gesture') == 0) {
+            this.rotation = event.rotation;
+            this.scale = event.scale;
+            this.targetTouches = event.targetTouches;
+            this.changedTouches = event.changedTouches;
+            var touches = this.touches = event.touches;
+            if (touches && touches[0]) {
+                var touch = touches[0];
+                this.page = { x: touch.pageX, y: touch.pageY };
+                this.client = { x: touch.clientX, y: touch.clientY };
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (!this.client) this.client = {};
+        if (!this.page) this.page = {};
+    });
+
+    DOMEvent.implement({
+
+        stop: function () {
+            return this.preventDefault().stopPropagation();
+        },
+
+        stopPropagation: function () {
+            if (this.event.stopPropagation) this.event.stopPropagation();
+            else this.event.cancelBubble = true;
+            return this;
+        },
+
+        preventDefault: function () {
+            if (this.event.preventDefault) this.event.preventDefault();
+            else this.event.returnValue = false;
+            return this;
+        }
+
+    });
+
+    DOMEvent.defineKey = function (code, key) {
+        _keys[code] = key;
+        return this;
+    };
+
+    DOMEvent.defineKeys = DOMEvent.defineKey.overloadSetter(true);
+
+    DOMEvent.defineKeys({
+        '38': 'up', '40': 'down', '37': 'left', '39': 'right',
+        '27': 'esc', '32': 'space', '8': 'backspace', '9': 'tab',
+        '46': 'delete', '13': 'enter'
+    });
+
+})();
+
+/*<1.3compat>*/
+var Event = DOMEvent;
+Event.Keys = {};
+/*</1.3compat>*/
+
+/*<1.2compat>*/
+
+Event.Keys = new Hash(Event.Keys);
+
+/*</1.2compat>*/
+
+
+/*
+---
+
+name: Class
+
+description: Contains the Class Function for easily creating, extending, and implementing reusable Classes.
+
+license: MIT-style license.
+
+requires: [Array, String, Function, Number]
+
+provides: Class
+
+...
+*/
+
+(function () {
+
+    var Class = this.Class = new Type('Class', function (params) {
+        if (instanceOf(params, Function)) params = { initialize: params };
+
+        var newClass = function () {
+            reset(this);
+            if (newClass.$prototyping) return this;
+            this.$caller = null;
+            var value = (this.initialize) ? this.initialize.apply(this, arguments) : this;
+            this.$caller = this.caller = null;
+            return value;
+        }.extend(this).implement(params);
+
+        newClass.$constructor = Class;
+        newClass.prototype.$constructor = newClass;
+        newClass.prototype.parent = parent;
+
+        return newClass;
+    });
+
+    var parent = function () {
+        if (!this.$caller) throw new Error('The method "parent" cannot be called.');
+        var name = this.$caller.$name,
+            parent = this.$caller.$owner.parent,
+            previous = (parent) ? parent.prototype[name] : null;
+        if (!previous) throw new Error('The method "' + name + '" has no parent.');
+        return previous.apply(this, arguments);
+    };
+
+    var reset = function (object) {
+        for (var key in object) {
+            var value = object[key];
+            switch (typeOf(value)) {
+                case 'object':
+                    var F = function () { };
+                    F.prototype = value;
+                    object[key] = reset(new F);
+                    break;
+                case 'array': object[key] = value.clone(); break;
+            }
+        }
+        return object;
+    };
+
+    var wrap = function (self, key, method) {
+        if (method.$origin) method = method.$origin;
+        var wrapper = function () {
+            if (method.$protected && this.$caller == null) throw new Error('The method "' + key + '" cannot be called.');
+            var caller = this.caller, current = this.$caller;
+            this.caller = current; this.$caller = wrapper;
+            var result = method.apply(this, arguments);
+            this.$caller = current; this.caller = caller;
+            return result;
+        }.extend({ $owner: self, $origin: method, $name: key });
+        return wrapper;
+    };
+
+    var implement = function (key, value, retain) {
+        if (Class.Mutators.hasOwnProperty(key)) {
+            value = Class.Mutators[key].call(this, value);
+            if (value == null) return this;
+        }
+
+        if (typeOf(value) == 'function') {
+            if (value.$hidden) return this;
+            this.prototype[key] = (retain) ? value : wrap(this, key, value);
+        } else {
+            Object.merge(this.prototype, key, value);
+        }
+
+        return this;
+    };
+
+    var getInstance = function (klass) {
+        klass.$prototyping = true;
+        var proto = new klass;
+        delete klass.$prototyping;
+        return proto;
+    };
+
+    Class.implement('implement', implement.overloadSetter());
+
+    Class.Mutators = {
+
+        Extends: function (parent) {
+            this.parent = parent;
+            this.prototype = getInstance(parent);
+        },
+
+        Implements: function (items) {
+            Array.from(items).each(function (item) {
+                var instance = new item;
+                for (var key in instance) implement.call(this, key, instance[key], true);
+            }, this);
+        }
+    };
+
+})();
+
+
+/*
+---
+
+name: Class.Extras
+
+description: Contains Utility Classes that can be implemented into your own Classes to ease the execution of many common tasks.
+
+license: MIT-style license.
+
+requires: Class
+
+provides: [Class.Extras, Chain, Events, Options]
+
+...
+*/
+
+(function () {
+
+    this.Chain = new Class({
+
+        $chain: [],
+
+        chain: function () {
+            this.$chain.append(Array.flatten(arguments));
+            return this;
+        },
+
+        callChain: function () {
+            return (this.$chain.length) ? this.$chain.shift().apply(this, arguments) : false;
+        },
+
+        clearChain: function () {
+            this.$chain.empty();
+            return this;
+        }
+
+    });
+
+    var removeOn = function (string) {
+        return string.replace(/^on([A-Z])/, function (full, first) {
+            return first.toLowerCase();
+        });
+    };
+
+    this.Events = new Class({
+
+        $events: {},
+
+        addEvent: function (type, fn, internal) {
+            type = removeOn(type);
+
+            /*<1.2compat>*/
+            if (fn == $empty) return this;
+            /*</1.2compat>*/
+
+            this.$events[type] = (this.$events[type] || []).include(fn);
+            if (internal) fn.internal = true;
+            return this;
+        },
+
+        addEvents: function (events) {
+            for (var type in events) this.addEvent(type, events[type]);
+            return this;
+        },
+
+        fireEvent: function (type, args, delay) {
+            type = removeOn(type);
+            var events = this.$events[type];
+            if (!events) return this;
+            args = Array.from(args);
+            events.each(function (fn) {
+                if (delay) fn.delay(delay, this, args);
+                else fn.apply(this, args);
+            }, this);
+            return this;
+        },
+
+        removeEvent: function (type, fn) {
+            type = removeOn(type);
+            var events = this.$events[type];
+            if (events && !fn.internal) {
+                var index = events.indexOf(fn);
+                if (index != -1) delete events[index];
+            }
+            return this;
+        },
+
+        removeEvents: function (events) {
+            var type;
+            if (typeOf(events) == 'object') {
+                for (type in events) this.removeEvent(type, events[type]);
+                return this;
+            }
+            if (events) events = removeOn(events);
+            for (type in this.$events) {
+                if (events && events != type) continue;
+                var fns = this.$events[type];
+                for (var i = fns.length; i--;) if (i in fns) {
+                    this.removeEvent(type, fns[i]);
+                }
+            }
+            return this;
+        }
+
+    });
+
+    this.Options = new Class({
+
+        setOptions: function () {
+            var options = this.options = Object.merge.apply(null, [{}, this.options].append(arguments));
+            if (this.addEvent) for (var option in options) {
+                if (typeOf(options[option]) != 'function' || !(/^on[A-Z]/).test(option)) continue;
+                this.addEvent(option, options[option]);
+                delete options[option];
+            }
+            return this;
+        }
+
+    });
+
+})();
+
+
+/*
+---
+name: Slick.Parser
+description: Standalone CSS3 Selector parser
+provides: Slick.Parser
+...
+*/
+
+; (function () {
+
+    var parsed,
+        separatorIndex,
+        combinatorIndex,
+        reversed,
+        cache = {},
+        reverseCache = {},
+        reUnescape = /\\/g;
+
+    var parse = function (expression, isReversed) {
+        if (expression == null) return null;
+        if (expression.Slick === true) return expression;
+        expression = ('' + expression).replace(/^\s+|\s+$/g, '');
+        reversed = !!isReversed;
+        var currentCache = (reversed) ? reverseCache : cache;
+        if (currentCache[expression]) return currentCache[expression];
+        parsed = {
+            Slick: true,
+            expressions: [],
+            raw: expression,
+            reverse: function () {
+                return parse(this.raw, true);
+            }
+        };
+        separatorIndex = -1;
+        while (expression != (expression = expression.replace(regexp, parser)));
+        parsed.length = parsed.expressions.length;
+        return currentCache[parsed.raw] = (reversed) ? reverse(parsed) : parsed;
+    };
+
+    var reverseCombinator = function (combinator) {
+        if (combinator === '!') return ' ';
+        else if (combinator === ' ') return '!';
+        else if ((/^!/).test(combinator)) return combinator.replace(/^!/, '');
+        else return '!' + combinator;
+    };
+
+    var reverse = function (expression) {
+        var expressions = expression.expressions;
+        for (var i = 0; i < expressions.length; i++) {
+            var exp = expressions[i];
+            var last = { parts: [], tag: '*', combinator: reverseCombinator(exp[0].combinator) };
+
+            for (var j = 0; j < exp.length; j++) {
+                var cexp = exp[j];
+                if (!cexp.reverseCombinator) cexp.reverseCombinator = ' ';
+                cexp.combinator = cexp.reverseCombinator;
+                delete cexp.reverseCombinator;
+            }
+
+            exp.reverse().push(last);
+        }
+        return expression;
+    };
+
+    var escapeRegExp = function (string) {// Credit: XRegExp 0.6.1 (c) 2007-2008 Steven Levithan <http://stevenlevithan.com/regex/xregexp/> MIT License
+        return string.replace(/[-[\]{}()*+?.\\^$|,#\s]/g, function (match) {
+            return '\\' + match;
+        });
+    };
+
+    var regexp = new RegExp(
+    /*
+    #!/usr/bin/env ruby
+    puts "\t\t" + DATA.read.gsub(/\(\?x\)|\s+#.*$|\s+|\\$|\\n/,'')
+    __END__
+        "(?x)^(?:\
+          \\s* ( , ) \\s*               # Separator          \n\
+        | \\s* ( <combinator>+ ) \\s*   # Combinator         \n\
+        |      ( \\s+ )                 # CombinatorChildren \n\
+        |      ( <unicode>+ | \\* )     # Tag                \n\
+        | \\#  ( <unicode>+       )     # ID                 \n\
+        | \\.  ( <unicode>+       )     # ClassName          \n\
+        |                               # Attribute          \n\
+        \\[  \
+            \\s* (<unicode1>+)  (?:  \
+                \\s* ([*^$!~|]?=)  (?:  \
+                    \\s* (?:\
+                        ([\"']?)(.*?)\\9 \
+                    )\
+                )  \
+            )?  \\s*  \
+        \\](?!\\]) \n\
+        |   :+ ( <unicode>+ )(?:\
+        \\( (?:\
+            (?:([\"'])([^\\12]*)\\12)|((?:\\([^)]+\\)|[^()]*)+)\
+        ) \\)\
+        )?\
+        )"
+    */
+        "^(?:\\s*(,)\\s*|\\s*(<combinator>+)\\s*|(\\s+)|(<unicode>+|\\*)|\\#(<unicode>+)|\\.(<unicode>+)|\\[\\s*(<unicode1>+)(?:\\s*([*^$!~|]?=)(?:\\s*(?:([\"']?)(.*?)\\9)))?\\s*\\](?!\\])|(:+)(<unicode>+)(?:\\((?:(?:([\"'])([^\\13]*)\\13)|((?:\\([^)]+\\)|[^()]*)+))\\))?)"
+        .replace(/<combinator>/, '[' + escapeRegExp(">+~`!@$%^&={}\\;</") + ']')
+        .replace(/<unicode>/g, '(?:[\\w\\u00a1-\\uFFFF-]|\\\\[^\\s0-9a-f])')
+        .replace(/<unicode1>/g, '(?:[:\\w\\u00a1-\\uFFFF-]|\\\\[^\\s0-9a-f])')
+    );
+
+    function parser(
+        rawMatch,
+
+        separator,
+        combinator,
+        combinatorChildren,
+
+        tagName,
+        id,
+        className,
+
+        attributeKey,
+        attributeOperator,
+        attributeQuote,
+        attributeValue,
+
+        pseudoMarker,
+        pseudoClass,
+        pseudoQuote,
+        pseudoClassQuotedValue,
+        pseudoClassValue
+    ) {
+        if (separator || separatorIndex === -1) {
+            parsed.expressions[++separatorIndex] = [];
+            combinatorIndex = -1;
+            if (separator) return '';
+        }
+
+        if (combinator || combinatorChildren || combinatorIndex === -1) {
+            combinator = combinator || ' ';
+            var currentSeparator = parsed.expressions[separatorIndex];
+            if (reversed && currentSeparator[combinatorIndex])
+                currentSeparator[combinatorIndex].reverseCombinator = reverseCombinator(combinator);
+            currentSeparator[++combinatorIndex] = { combinator: combinator, tag: '*' };
+        }
+
+        var currentParsed = parsed.expressions[separatorIndex][combinatorIndex];
+
+        if (tagName) {
+            currentParsed.tag = tagName.replace(reUnescape, '');
+
+        } else if (id) {
+            currentParsed.id = id.replace(reUnescape, '');
+
+        } else if (className) {
+            className = className.replace(reUnescape, '');
+
+            if (!currentParsed.classList) currentParsed.classList = [];
+            if (!currentParsed.classes) currentParsed.classes = [];
+            currentParsed.classList.push(className);
+            currentParsed.classes.push({
+                value: className,
+                regexp: new RegExp('(^|\\s)' + escapeRegExp(className) + '(\\s|$)')
+            });
+
+        } else if (pseudoClass) {
+            pseudoClassValue = pseudoClassValue || pseudoClassQuotedValue;
+            pseudoClassValue = pseudoClassValue ? pseudoClassValue.replace(reUnescape, '') : null;
+
+            if (!currentParsed.pseudos) currentParsed.pseudos = [];
+            currentParsed.pseudos.push({
+                key: pseudoClass.replace(reUnescape, ''),
+                value: pseudoClassValue,
+                type: pseudoMarker.length == 1 ? 'class' : 'element'
+            });
+
+        } else if (attributeKey) {
+            attributeKey = attributeKey.replace(reUnescape, '');
+            attributeValue = (attributeValue || '').replace(reUnescape, '');
+
+            var test, regexp;
+
+            switch (attributeOperator) {
+                case '^=': regexp = new RegExp('^' + escapeRegExp(attributeValue)); break;
+                case '$=': regexp = new RegExp(escapeRegExp(attributeValue) + '$'); break;
+                case '~=': regexp = new RegExp('(^|\\s)' + escapeRegExp(attributeValue) + '(\\s|$)'); break;
+                case '|=': regexp = new RegExp('^' + escapeRegExp(attributeValue) + '(-|$)'); break;
+                case '=': test = function (value) {
+                    return attributeValue == value;
+                }; break;
+                case '*=': test = function (value) {
+                    return value && value.indexOf(attributeValue) > -1;
+                }; break;
+                case '!=': test = function (value) {
+                    return attributeValue != value;
+                }; break;
+                default: test = function (value) {
+                    return !!value;
+                };
+            }
+
+            if (attributeValue == '' && (/^[*$^]=$/).test(attributeOperator)) test = function () {
+                return false;
+            };
+
+            if (!test) test = function (value) {
+                return value && regexp.test(value);
+            };
+
+            if (!currentParsed.attributes) currentParsed.attributes = [];
+            currentParsed.attributes.push({
+                key: attributeKey,
+                operator: attributeOperator,
+                value: attributeValue,
+                test: test
+            });
+
+        }
+
+        return '';
+    };
+
+    // Slick NS
+
+    var Slick = (this.Slick || {});
+
+    Slick.parse = function (expression) {
+        return parse(expression);
+    };
+
+    Slick.escapeRegExp = escapeRegExp;
+
+    if (!this.Slick) this.Slick = Slick;
+
+}).apply(/*<CommonJS>*/(typeof exports != 'undefined') ? exports : /*</CommonJS>*/this);
+
+
+/*
+---
+name: Slick.Finder
+description: The new, superfast css selector engine.
+provides: Slick.Finder
+requires: Slick.Parser
+...
+*/
+
+; (function () {
+
+    var local = {},
+        featuresCache = {},
+        toString = Object.prototype.toString;
+
+    // Feature / Bug detection
+
+    local.isNativeCode = function (fn) {
+        return (/\{\s*\[native code\]\s*\}/).test('' + fn);
+    };
+
+    local.isXML = function (document) {
+        return (!!document.xmlVersion) || (!!document.xml) || (toString.call(document) == '[object XMLDocument]') ||
+        (document.nodeType == 9 && document.documentElement.nodeName != 'HTML');
+    };
+
+    local.setDocument = function (document) {
+
+        // convert elements / window arguments to document. if document cannot be extrapolated, the function returns.
+        var nodeType = document.nodeType;
+        if (nodeType == 9); // document
+        else if (nodeType) document = document.ownerDocument; // node
+        else if (document.navigator) document = document.document; // window
+        else return;
+
+        // check if it's the old document
+
+        if (this.document === document) return;
+        this.document = document;
+
+        // check if we have done feature detection on this document before
+
+        var root = document.documentElement,
+            rootUid = this.getUIDXML(root),
+            features = featuresCache[rootUid],
+            feature;
+
+        if (features) {
+            for (feature in features) {
+                this[feature] = features[feature];
+            }
+            return;
+        }
+
+        features = featuresCache[rootUid] = {};
+
+        features.root = root;
+        features.isXMLDocument = this.isXML(document);
+
+        features.brokenStarGEBTN
+        = features.starSelectsClosedQSA
+        = features.idGetsName
+        = features.brokenMixedCaseQSA
+        = features.brokenGEBCN
+        = features.brokenCheckedQSA
+        = features.brokenEmptyAttributeQSA
+        = features.isHTMLDocument
+        = features.nativeMatchesSelector
+        = false;
+
+        var starSelectsClosed, starSelectsComments,
+            brokenSecondClassNameGEBCN, cachedGetElementsByClassName,
+            brokenFormAttributeGetter;
+
+        var selected, id = 'slick_uniqueid';
+        var testNode = document.createElement('div');
+
+        var testRoot = document.body || document.getElementsByTagName('body')[0] || root;
+        testRoot.appendChild(testNode);
+
+        // on non-HTML documents innerHTML and getElementsById doesnt work properly
+        try {
+            testNode.innerHTML = '<a id="' + id + '"></a>';
+            features.isHTMLDocument = !!document.getElementById(id);
+        } catch (e) { };
+
+        if (features.isHTMLDocument) {
+
+            testNode.style.display = 'none';
+
+            // IE returns comment nodes for getElementsByTagName('*') for some documents
+            testNode.appendChild(document.createComment(''));
+            starSelectsComments = (testNode.getElementsByTagName('*').length > 1);
+
+            // IE returns closed nodes (EG:"</foo>") for getElementsByTagName('*') for some documents
+            try {
+                testNode.innerHTML = 'foo</foo>';
+                selected = testNode.getElementsByTagName('*');
+                starSelectsClosed = (selected && !!selected.length && selected[0].nodeName.charAt(0) == '/');
+            } catch (e) { };
+
+            features.brokenStarGEBTN = starSelectsComments || starSelectsClosed;
+
+            // IE returns elements with the name instead of just id for getElementsById for some documents
+            try {
+                testNode.innerHTML = '<a name="' + id + '"></a><b id="' + id + '"></b>';
+                features.idGetsName = document.getElementById(id) === testNode.firstChild;
+            } catch (e) { };
+
+            if (testNode.getElementsByClassName) {
+
+                // Safari 3.2 getElementsByClassName caches results
+                try {
+                    testNode.innerHTML = '<a class="f"></a><a class="b"></a>';
+                    testNode.getElementsByClassName('b').length;
+                    testNode.firstChild.className = 'b';
+                    cachedGetElementsByClassName = (testNode.getElementsByClassName('b').length != 2);
+                } catch (e) { };
+
+                // Opera 9.6 getElementsByClassName doesnt detects the class if its not the first one
+                try {
+                    testNode.innerHTML = '<a class="a"></a><a class="f b a"></a>';
+                    brokenSecondClassNameGEBCN = (testNode.getElementsByClassName('a').length != 2);
+                } catch (e) { };
+
+                features.brokenGEBCN = cachedGetElementsByClassName || brokenSecondClassNameGEBCN;
+            }
+
+            if (testNode.querySelectorAll) {
+                // IE 8 returns closed nodes (EG:"</foo>") for querySelectorAll('*') for some documents
+                try {
+                    testNode.innerHTML = 'foo</foo>';
+                    selected = testNode.querySelectorAll('*');
+                    features.starSelectsClosedQSA = (selected && !!selected.length && selected[0].nodeName.charAt(0) == '/');
+                } catch (e) { };
+
+                // Safari 3.2 querySelectorAll doesnt work with mixedcase on quirksmode
+                try {
+                    testNode.innerHTML = '<a class="MiX"></a>';
+                    features.brokenMixedCaseQSA = !testNode.querySelectorAll('.MiX').length;
+                } catch (e) { };
+
+                // Webkit and Opera dont return selected options on querySelectorAll
+                try {
+                    testNode.innerHTML = '<select><option selected="selected">a</option></select>';
+                    features.brokenCheckedQSA = (testNode.querySelectorAll(':checked').length == 0);
+                } catch (e) { };
+
+                // IE returns incorrect results for attr[*^$]="" selectors on querySelectorAll
+                try {
+                    testNode.innerHTML = '<a class=""></a>';
+                    features.brokenEmptyAttributeQSA = (testNode.querySelectorAll('[class*=""]').length != 0);
+                } catch (e) { };
+
+            }
+
+            // IE6-7, if a form has an input of id x, form.getAttribute(x) returns a reference to the input
+            try {
+                testNode.innerHTML = '<form action="s"><input id="action"/></form>';
+                brokenFormAttributeGetter = (testNode.firstChild.getAttribute('action') != 's');
+            } catch (e) { };
+
+            // native matchesSelector function
+
+            features.nativeMatchesSelector = root.matchesSelector || /*root.msMatchesSelector ||*/ root.mozMatchesSelector || root.webkitMatchesSelector;
+            if (features.nativeMatchesSelector) try {
+                // if matchesSelector trows errors on incorrect sintaxes we can use it
+                features.nativeMatchesSelector.call(root, ':slick');
+                features.nativeMatchesSelector = null;
+            } catch (e) { };
+
+        }
+
+        try {
+            root.slick_expando = 1;
+            delete root.slick_expando;
+            features.getUID = this.getUIDHTML;
+        } catch (e) {
+            features.getUID = this.getUIDXML;
+        }
+
+        testRoot.removeChild(testNode);
+        testNode = selected = testRoot = null;
+
+        // getAttribute
+
+        features.getAttribute = (features.isHTMLDocument && brokenFormAttributeGetter) ? function (node, name) {
+            var method = this.attributeGetters[name];
+            if (method) return method.call(node);
+            var attributeNode = node.getAttributeNode(name);
+            return (attributeNode) ? attributeNode.nodeValue : null;
+        } : function (node, name) {
+            var method = this.attributeGetters[name];
+            return (method) ? method.call(node) : node.getAttribute(name);
+        };
+
+        // hasAttribute
+
+        features.hasAttribute = (root && this.isNativeCode(root.hasAttribute)) ? function (node, attribute) {
+            return node.hasAttribute(attribute);
+        } : function (node, attribute) {
+            node = node.getAttributeNode(attribute);
+            return !!(node && (node.specified || node.nodeValue));
+        };
+
+        // contains
+        // FIXME: Add specs: local.contains should be different for xml and html documents?
+        var nativeRootContains = root && this.isNativeCode(root.contains),
+            nativeDocumentContains = document && this.isNativeCode(document.contains);
+
+        features.contains = (nativeRootContains && nativeDocumentContains) ? function (context, node) {
+            return context.contains(node);
+        } : (nativeRootContains && !nativeDocumentContains) ? function (context, node) {
+            // IE8 does not have .contains on document.
+            return context === node || ((context === document) ? document.documentElement : context).contains(node);
+        } : (root && root.compareDocumentPosition) ? function (context, node) {
+            return context === node || !!(context.compareDocumentPosition(node) & 16);
+        } : function (context, node) {
+            if (node) do {
+                if (node === context) return true;
+            } while ((node = node.parentNode));
+            return false;
+        };
+
+        // document order sorting
+        // credits to Sizzle (http://sizzlejs.com/)
+
+        features.documentSorter = (root.compareDocumentPosition) ? function (a, b) {
+            if (!a.compareDocumentPosition || !b.compareDocumentPosition) return 0;
+            return a.compareDocumentPosition(b) & 4 ? -1 : a === b ? 0 : 1;
+        } : ('sourceIndex' in root) ? function (a, b) {
+            if (!a.sourceIndex || !b.sourceIndex) return 0;
+            return a.sourceIndex - b.sourceIndex;
+        } : (document.createRange) ? function (a, b) {
+            if (!a.ownerDocument || !b.ownerDocument) return 0;
+            var aRange = a.ownerDocument.createRange(), bRange = b.ownerDocument.createRange();
+            aRange.setStart(a, 0);
+            aRange.setEnd(a, 0);
+            bRange.setStart(b, 0);
+            bRange.setEnd(b, 0);
+            return aRange.compareBoundaryPoints(Range.START_TO_END, bRange);
+        } : null;
+
+        root = null;
+
+        for (feature in features) {
+            this[feature] = features[feature];
+        }
+    };
+
+    // Main Method
+
+    var reSimpleSelector = /^([#.]?)((?:[\w-]+|\*))$/,
+        reEmptyAttribute = /\[.+[*$^]=(?:""|'')?\]/,
+        qsaFailExpCache = {};
+
+    local.search = function (context, expression, append, first) {
+
+        var found = this.found = (first) ? null : (append || []);
+
+        if (!context) return found;
+        else if (context.navigator) context = context.document; // Convert the node from a window to a document
+        else if (!context.nodeType) return found;
+
+        // setup
+
+        var parsed, i,
+            uniques = this.uniques = {},
+            hasOthers = !!(append && append.length),
+            contextIsDocument = (context.nodeType == 9);
+
+        if (this.document !== (contextIsDocument ? context : context.ownerDocument)) this.setDocument(context);
+
+        // avoid duplicating items already in the append array
+        if (hasOthers) for (i = found.length; i--;) uniques[this.getUID(found[i])] = true;
+
+        // expression checks
+
+        if (typeof expression == 'string') { // expression is a string
+
+            /*<simple-selectors-override>*/
+            var simpleSelector = expression.match(reSimpleSelector);
+            simpleSelectors: if (simpleSelector) {
+
+                var symbol = simpleSelector[1],
+                    name = simpleSelector[2],
+                    node, nodes;
+
+                if (!symbol) {
+
+                    if (name == '*' && this.brokenStarGEBTN) break simpleSelectors;
+                    nodes = context.getElementsByTagName(name);
+                    if (first) return nodes[0] || null;
+                    for (i = 0; node = nodes[i++];) {
+                        if (!(hasOthers && uniques[this.getUID(node)])) found.push(node);
+                    }
+
+                } else if (symbol == '#') {
+
+                    if (!this.isHTMLDocument || !contextIsDocument) break simpleSelectors;
+                    node = context.getElementById(name);
+                    if (!node) return found;
+                    if (this.idGetsName && node.getAttributeNode('id').nodeValue != name) break simpleSelectors;
+                    if (first) return node || null;
+                    if (!(hasOthers && uniques[this.getUID(node)])) found.push(node);
+
+                } else if (symbol == '.') {
+
+                    if (!this.isHTMLDocument || ((!context.getElementsByClassName || this.brokenGEBCN) && context.querySelectorAll)) break simpleSelectors;
+                    if (context.getElementsByClassName && !this.brokenGEBCN) {
+                        nodes = context.getElementsByClassName(name);
+                        if (first) return nodes[0] || null;
+                        for (i = 0; node = nodes[i++];) {
+                            if (!(hasOthers && uniques[this.getUID(node)])) found.push(node);
+                        }
+                    } else {
+                        var matchClass = new RegExp('(^|\\s)' + Slick.escapeRegExp(name) + '(\\s|$)');
+                        nodes = context.getElementsByTagName('*');
+                        for (i = 0; node = nodes[i++];) {
+                            className = node.className;
+                            if (!(className && matchClass.test(className))) continue;
+                            if (first) return node;
+                            if (!(hasOthers && uniques[this.getUID(node)])) found.push(node);
+                        }
+                    }
+
+                }
+
+                if (hasOthers) this.sort(found);
+                return (first) ? null : found;
+
+            }
+            /*</simple-selectors-override>*/
+
+            /*<query-selector-override>*/
+            querySelector: if (context.querySelectorAll) {
+
+                if (!this.isHTMLDocument
+                    || qsaFailExpCache[expression]
+                    //TODO: only skip when expression is actually mixed case
+                    || this.brokenMixedCaseQSA
+                    || (this.brokenCheckedQSA && expression.indexOf(':checked') > -1)
+                    || (this.brokenEmptyAttributeQSA && reEmptyAttribute.test(expression))
+                    || (!contextIsDocument //Abort when !contextIsDocument and...
+                    //  there are multiple expressions in the selector
+                    //  since we currently only fix non-document rooted QSA for single expression selectors
+                        && expression.indexOf(',') > -1
+                    )
+                    || Slick.disableQSA
+                ) break querySelector;
+
+                var _expression = expression, _context = context;
+                if (!contextIsDocument) {
+                    // non-document rooted QSA
+                    // credits to Andrew Dupont
+                    var currentId = _context.getAttribute('id'), slickid = 'slickid__';
+                    _context.setAttribute('id', slickid);
+                    _expression = '#' + slickid + ' ' + _expression;
+                    context = _context.parentNode;
+                }
+
+                try {
+                    if (first) return context.querySelector(_expression) || null;
+                    else nodes = context.querySelectorAll(_expression);
+                } catch (e) {
+                    qsaFailExpCache[expression] = 1;
+                    break querySelector;
+                } finally {
+                    if (!contextIsDocument) {
+                        if (currentId) _context.setAttribute('id', currentId);
+                        else _context.removeAttribute('id');
+                        context = _context;
+                    }
+                }
+
+                if (this.starSelectsClosedQSA) for (i = 0; node = nodes[i++];) {
+                    if (node.nodeName > '@' && !(hasOthers && uniques[this.getUID(node)])) found.push(node);
+                } else for (i = 0; node = nodes[i++];) {
+                    if (!(hasOthers && uniques[this.getUID(node)])) found.push(node);
+                }
+
+                if (hasOthers) this.sort(found);
+                return found;
+
+            }
+            /*</query-selector-override>*/
+
+            parsed = this.Slick.parse(expression);
+            if (!parsed.length) return found;
+        } else if (expression == null) { // there is no expression
+            return found;
+        } else if (expression.Slick) { // expression is a parsed Slick object
+            parsed = expression;
+        } else if (this.contains(context.documentElement || context, expression)) { // expression is a node
+            (found) ? found.push(expression) : found = expression;
+            return found;
+        } else { // other junk
+            return found;
+        }
+
+        /*<pseudo-selectors>*//*<nth-pseudo-selectors>*/
+
+        // cache elements for the nth selectors
+
+        this.posNTH = {};
+        this.posNTHLast = {};
+        this.posNTHType = {};
+        this.posNTHTypeLast = {};
+
+        /*</nth-pseudo-selectors>*//*</pseudo-selectors>*/
+
+        // if append is null and there is only a single selector with one expression use pushArray, else use pushUID
+        this.push = (!hasOthers && (first || (parsed.length == 1 && parsed.expressions[0].length == 1))) ? this.pushArray : this.pushUID;
+
+        if (found == null) found = [];
+
+        // default engine
+
+        var j, m, n;
+        var combinator, tag, id, classList, classes, attributes, pseudos;
+        var currentItems, currentExpression, currentBit, lastBit, expressions = parsed.expressions;
+
+        search: for (i = 0; (currentExpression = expressions[i]) ; i++) for (j = 0; (currentBit = currentExpression[j]) ; j++) {
+
+            combinator = 'combinator:' + currentBit.combinator;
+            if (!this[combinator]) continue search;
+
+            tag = (this.isXMLDocument) ? currentBit.tag : currentBit.tag.toUpperCase();
+            id = currentBit.id;
+            classList = currentBit.classList;
+            classes = currentBit.classes;
+            attributes = currentBit.attributes;
+            pseudos = currentBit.pseudos;
+            lastBit = (j === (currentExpression.length - 1));
+
+            this.bitUniques = {};
+
+            if (lastBit) {
+                this.uniques = uniques;
+                this.found = found;
+            } else {
+                this.uniques = {};
+                this.found = [];
+            }
+
+            if (j === 0) {
+                this[combinator](context, tag, id, classes, attributes, pseudos, classList);
+                if (first && lastBit && found.length) break search;
+            } else {
+                if (first && lastBit) for (m = 0, n = currentItems.length; m < n; m++) {
+                    this[combinator](currentItems[m], tag, id, classes, attributes, pseudos, classList);
+                    if (found.length) break search;
+                } else for (m = 0, n = currentItems.length; m < n; m++) this[combinator](currentItems[m], tag, id, classes, attributes, pseudos, classList);
+            }
+
+            currentItems = this.found;
+        }
+
+        // should sort if there are nodes in append and if you pass multiple expressions.
+        if (hasOthers || (parsed.expressions.length > 1)) this.sort(found);
+
+        return (first) ? (found[0] || null) : found;
+    };
+
+    // Utils
+
+    local.uidx = 1;
+    local.uidk = 'slick-uniqueid';
+
+    local.getUIDXML = function (node) {
+        var uid = node.getAttribute(this.uidk);
+        if (!uid) {
+            uid = this.uidx++;
+            node.setAttribute(this.uidk, uid);
+        }
+        return uid;
+    };
+
+    local.getUIDHTML = function (node) {
+        return node.uniqueNumber || (node.uniqueNumber = this.uidx++);
+    };
+
+    // sort based on the setDocument documentSorter method.
+
+    local.sort = function (results) {
+        if (!this.documentSorter) return results;
+        results.sort(this.documentSorter);
+        return results;
+    };
+
+    /*<pseudo-selectors>*//*<nth-pseudo-selectors>*/
+
+    local.cacheNTH = {};
+
+    local.matchNTH = /^([+-]?\d*)?([a-z]+)?([+-]\d+)?$/;
+
+    local.parseNTHArgument = function (argument) {
+        var parsed = argument.match(this.matchNTH);
+        if (!parsed) return false;
+        var special = parsed[2] || false;
+        var a = parsed[1] || 1;
+        if (a == '-') a = -1;
+        var b = +parsed[3] || 0;
+        parsed =
+            (special == 'n') ? { a: a, b: b } :
+            (special == 'odd') ? { a: 2, b: 1 } :
+            (special == 'even') ? { a: 2, b: 0 } : { a: 0, b: a };
+
+        return (this.cacheNTH[argument] = parsed);
+    };
+
+    local.createNTHPseudo = function (child, sibling, positions, ofType) {
+        return function (node, argument) {
+            var uid = this.getUID(node);
+            if (!this[positions][uid]) {
+                var parent = node.parentNode;
+                if (!parent) return false;
+                var el = parent[child], count = 1;
+                if (ofType) {
+                    var nodeName = node.nodeName;
+                    do {
+                        if (el.nodeName != nodeName) continue;
+                        this[positions][this.getUID(el)] = count++;
+                    } while ((el = el[sibling]));
+                } else {
+                    do {
+                        if (el.nodeType != 1) continue;
+                        this[positions][this.getUID(el)] = count++;
+                    } while ((el = el[sibling]));
+                }
+            }
+            argument = argument || 'n';
+            var parsed = this.cacheNTH[argument] || this.parseNTHArgument(argument);
+            if (!parsed) return false;
+            var a = parsed.a, b = parsed.b, pos = this[positions][uid];
+            if (a == 0) return b == pos;
+            if (a > 0) {
+                if (pos < b) return false;
+            } else {
+                if (b < pos) return false;
+            }
+            return ((pos - b) % a) == 0;
+        };
+    };
+
+    /*</nth-pseudo-selectors>*//*</pseudo-selectors>*/
+
+    local.pushArray = function (node, tag, id, classes, attributes, pseudos) {
+        if (this.matchSelector(node, tag, id, classes, attributes, pseudos)) this.found.push(node);
+    };
+
+    local.pushUID = function (node, tag, id, classes, attributes, pseudos) {
+        var uid = this.getUID(node);
+        if (!this.uniques[uid] && this.matchSelector(node, tag, id, classes, attributes, pseudos)) {
+            this.uniques[uid] = true;
+            this.found.push(node);
+        }
+    };
+
+    local.matchNode = function (node, selector) {
+        if (this.isHTMLDocument && this.nativeMatchesSelector) {
+            try {
+                return this.nativeMatchesSelector.call(node, selector.replace(/\[([^=]+)=\s*([^'"\]]+?)\s*\]/g, '[$1="$2"]'));
+            } catch (matchError) { }
+        }
+
+        var parsed = this.Slick.parse(selector);
+        if (!parsed) return true;
+
+        // simple (single) selectors
+        var expressions = parsed.expressions, simpleExpCounter = 0, i;
+        for (i = 0; (currentExpression = expressions[i]) ; i++) {
+            if (currentExpression.length == 1) {
+                var exp = currentExpression[0];
+                if (this.matchSelector(node, (this.isXMLDocument) ? exp.tag : exp.tag.toUpperCase(), exp.id, exp.classes, exp.attributes, exp.pseudos)) return true;
+                simpleExpCounter++;
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (simpleExpCounter == parsed.length) return false;
+
+        var nodes = this.search(this.document, parsed), item;
+        for (i = 0; item = nodes[i++];) {
+            if (item === node) return true;
+        }
+        return false;
+    };
+
+    local.matchPseudo = function (node, name, argument) {
+        var pseudoName = 'pseudo:' + name;
+        if (this[pseudoName]) return this[pseudoName](node, argument);
+        var attribute = this.getAttribute(node, name);
+        return (argument) ? argument == attribute : !!attribute;
+    };
+
+    local.matchSelector = function (node, tag, id, classes, attributes, pseudos) {
+        if (tag) {
+            var nodeName = (this.isXMLDocument) ? node.nodeName : node.nodeName.toUpperCase();
+            if (tag == '*') {
+                if (nodeName < '@') return false; // Fix for comment nodes and closed nodes
+            } else {
+                if (nodeName != tag) return false;
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (id && node.getAttribute('id') != id) return false;
+
+        var i, part, cls;
+        if (classes) for (i = classes.length; i--;) {
+            cls = this.getAttribute(node, 'class');
+            if (!(cls && classes[i].regexp.test(cls))) return false;
+        }
+        if (attributes) for (i = attributes.length; i--;) {
+            part = attributes[i];
+            if (part.operator ? !part.test(this.getAttribute(node, part.key)) : !this.hasAttribute(node, part.key)) return false;
+        }
+        if (pseudos) for (i = pseudos.length; i--;) {
+            part = pseudos[i];
+            if (!this.matchPseudo(node, part.key, part.value)) return false;
+        }
+        return true;
+    };
+
+    var combinators = {
+
+        ' ': function (node, tag, id, classes, attributes, pseudos, classList) { // all child nodes, any level
+
+            var i, item, children;
+
+            if (this.isHTMLDocument) {
+                getById: if (id) {
+                    item = this.document.getElementById(id);
+                    if ((!item && node.all) || (this.idGetsName && item && item.getAttributeNode('id').nodeValue != id)) {
+                        // all[id] returns all the elements with that name or id inside node
+                        // if theres just one it will return the element, else it will be a collection
+                        children = node.all[id];
+                        if (!children) return;
+                        if (!children[0]) children = [children];
+                        for (i = 0; item = children[i++];) {
+                            var idNode = item.getAttributeNode('id');
+                            if (idNode && idNode.nodeValue == id) {
+                                this.push(item, tag, null, classes, attributes, pseudos);
+                                break;
+                            }
+                        }
+                        return;
+                    }
+                    if (!item) {
+                        // if the context is in the dom we return, else we will try GEBTN, breaking the getById label
+                        if (this.contains(this.root, node)) return;
+                        else break getById;
+                    } else if (this.document !== node && !this.contains(node, item)) return;
+                    this.push(item, tag, null, classes, attributes, pseudos);
+                    return;
+                }
+                getByClass: if (classes && node.getElementsByClassName && !this.brokenGEBCN) {
+                    children = node.getElementsByClassName(classList.join(' '));
+                    if (!(children && children.length)) break getByClass;
+                    for (i = 0; item = children[i++];) this.push(item, tag, id, null, attributes, pseudos);
+                    return;
+                }
+            }
+            getByTag: {
+                children = node.getElementsByTagName(tag);
+                if (!(children && children.length)) break getByTag;
+                if (!this.brokenStarGEBTN) tag = null;
+                for (i = 0; item = children[i++];) this.push(item, tag, id, classes, attributes, pseudos);
+            }
+        },
+
+        '>': function (node, tag, id, classes, attributes, pseudos) { // direct children
+            if ((node = node.firstChild)) do {
+                if (node.nodeType == 1) this.push(node, tag, id, classes, attributes, pseudos);
+            } while ((node = node.nextSibling));
+        },
+
+        '+': function (node, tag, id, classes, attributes, pseudos) { // next sibling
+            while ((node = node.nextSibling)) if (node.nodeType == 1) {
+                this.push(node, tag, id, classes, attributes, pseudos);
+                break;
+            }
+        },
+
+        '^': function (node, tag, id, classes, attributes, pseudos) { // first child
+            node = node.firstChild;
+            if (node) {
+                if (node.nodeType == 1) this.push(node, tag, id, classes, attributes, pseudos);
+                else this['combinator:+'](node, tag, id, classes, attributes, pseudos);
+            }
+        },
+
+        '~': function (node, tag, id, classes, attributes, pseudos) { // next siblings
+            while ((node = node.nextSibling)) {
+                if (node.nodeType != 1) continue;
+                var uid = this.getUID(node);
+                if (this.bitUniques[uid]) break;
+                this.bitUniques[uid] = true;
+                this.push(node, tag, id, classes, attributes, pseudos);
+            }
+        },
+
+        '++': function (node, tag, id, classes, attributes, pseudos) { // next sibling and previous sibling
+            this['combinator:+'](node, tag, id, classes, attributes, pseudos);
+            this['combinator:!+'](node, tag, id, classes, attributes, pseudos);
+        },
+
+        '~~': function (node, tag, id, classes, attributes, pseudos) { // next siblings and previous siblings
+            this['combinator:~'](node, tag, id, classes, attributes, pseudos);
+            this['combinator:!~'](node, tag, id, classes, attributes, pseudos);
+        },
+
+        '!': function (node, tag, id, classes, attributes, pseudos) { // all parent nodes up to document
+            while ((node = node.parentNode)) if (node !== this.document) this.push(node, tag, id, classes, attributes, pseudos);
+        },
+
+        '!>': function (node, tag, id, classes, attributes, pseudos) { // direct parent (one level)
+            node = node.parentNode;
+            if (node !== this.document) this.push(node, tag, id, classes, attributes, pseudos);
+        },
+
+        '!+': function (node, tag, id, classes, attributes, pseudos) { // previous sibling
+            while ((node = node.previousSibling)) if (node.nodeType == 1) {
+                this.push(node, tag, id, classes, attributes, pseudos);
+                break;
+            }
+        },
+
+        '!^': function (node, tag, id, classes, attributes, pseudos) { // last child
+            node = node.lastChild;
+            if (node) {
+                if (node.nodeType == 1) this.push(node, tag, id, classes, attributes, pseudos);
+                else this['combinator:!+'](node, tag, id, classes, attributes, pseudos);
+            }
+        },
+
+        '!~': function (node, tag, id, classes, attributes, pseudos) { // previous siblings
+            while ((node = node.previousSibling)) {
+                if (node.nodeType != 1) continue;
+                var uid = this.getUID(node);
+                if (this.bitUniques[uid]) break;
+                this.bitUniques[uid] = true;
+                this.push(node, tag, id, classes, attributes, pseudos);
+            }
+        }
+
+    };
+
+    for (var c in combinators) local['combinator:' + c] = combinators[c];
+
+    var pseudos = {
+
+        /*<pseudo-selectors>*/
+
+        'empty': function (node) {
+            var child = node.firstChild;
+            return !(child && child.nodeType == 1) && !(node.innerText || node.textContent || '').length;
+        },
+
+        'not': function (node, expression) {
+            return !this.matchNode(node, expression);
+        },
+
+        'contains': function (node, text) {
+            return (node.innerText || node.textContent || '').indexOf(text) > -1;
+        },
+
+        'first-child': function (node) {
+            while ((node = node.previousSibling)) if (node.nodeType == 1) return false;
+            return true;
+        },
+
+        'last-child': function (node) {
+            while ((node = node.nextSibling)) if (node.nodeType == 1) return false;
+            return true;
+        },
+
+        'only-child': function (node) {
+            var prev = node;
+            while ((prev = prev.previousSibling)) if (prev.nodeType == 1) return false;
+            var next = node;
+            while ((next = next.nextSibling)) if (next.nodeType == 1) return false;
+            return true;
+        },
+
+        /*<nth-pseudo-selectors>*/
+
+        'nth-child': local.createNTHPseudo('firstChild', 'nextSibling', 'posNTH'),
+
+        'nth-last-child': local.createNTHPseudo('lastChild', 'previousSibling', 'posNTHLast'),
+
+        'nth-of-type': local.createNTHPseudo('firstChild', 'nextSibling', 'posNTHType', true),
+
+        'nth-last-of-type': local.createNTHPseudo('lastChild', 'previousSibling', 'posNTHTypeLast', true),
+
+        'index': function (node, index) {
+            return this['pseudo:nth-child'](node, '' + (index + 1));
+        },
+
+        'even': function (node) {
+            return this['pseudo:nth-child'](node, '2n');
+        },
+
+        'odd': function (node) {
+            return this['pseudo:nth-child'](node, '2n+1');
+        },
+
+        /*</nth-pseudo-selectors>*/
+
+        /*<of-type-pseudo-selectors>*/
+
+        'first-of-type': function (node) {
+            var nodeName = node.nodeName;
+            while ((node = node.previousSibling)) if (node.nodeName == nodeName) return false;
+            return true;
+        },
+
+        'last-of-type': function (node) {
+            var nodeName = node.nodeName;
+            while ((node = node.nextSibling)) if (node.nodeName == nodeName) return false;
+            return true;
+        },
+
+        'only-of-type': function (node) {
+            var prev = node, nodeName = node.nodeName;
+            while ((prev = prev.previousSibling)) if (prev.nodeName == nodeName) return false;
+            var next = node;
+            while ((next = next.nextSibling)) if (next.nodeName == nodeName) return false;
+            return true;
+        },
+
+        /*</of-type-pseudo-selectors>*/
+
+        // custom pseudos
+
+        'enabled': function (node) {
+            return !node.disabled;
+        },
+
+        'disabled': function (node) {
+            return node.disabled;
+        },
+
+        'checked': function (node) {
+            return node.checked || node.selected;
+        },
+
+        'focus': function (node) {
+            return this.isHTMLDocument && this.document.activeElement === node && (node.href || node.type || this.hasAttribute(node, 'tabindex'));
+        },
+
+        'root': function (node) {
+            return (node === this.root);
+        },
+
+        'selected': function (node) {
+            return node.selected;
+        }
+
+        /*</pseudo-selectors>*/
+    };
+
+    for (var p in pseudos) local['pseudo:' + p] = pseudos[p];
+
+    // attributes methods
+
+    var attributeGetters = local.attributeGetters = {
+
+        'for': function () {
+            return ('htmlFor' in this) ? this.htmlFor : this.getAttribute('for');
+        },
+
+        'href': function () {
+            return ('href' in this) ? this.getAttribute('href', 2) : this.getAttribute('href');
+        },
+
+        'style': function () {
+            return (this.style) ? this.style.cssText : this.getAttribute('style');
+        },
+
+        'tabindex': function () {
+            var attributeNode = this.getAttributeNode('tabindex');
+            return (attributeNode && attributeNode.specified) ? attributeNode.nodeValue : null;
+        },
+
+        'type': function () {
+            return this.getAttribute('type');
+        },
+
+        'maxlength': function () {
+            var attributeNode = this.getAttributeNode('maxLength');
+            return (attributeNode && attributeNode.specified) ? attributeNode.nodeValue : null;
+        }
+
+    };
+
+    attributeGetters.MAXLENGTH = attributeGetters.maxLength = attributeGetters.maxlength;
+
+    // Slick
+
+    var Slick = local.Slick = (this.Slick || {});
+
+    Slick.version = '1.1.7';
+
+    // Slick finder
+
+    Slick.search = function (context, expression, append) {
+        return local.search(context, expression, append);
+    };
+
+    Slick.find = function (context, expression) {
+        return local.search(context, expression, null, true);
+    };
+
+    // Slick containment checker
+
+    Slick.contains = function (container, node) {
+        local.setDocument(container);
+        return local.contains(container, node);
+    };
+
+    // Slick attribute getter
+
+    Slick.getAttribute = function (node, name) {
+        local.setDocument(node);
+        return local.getAttribute(node, name);
+    };
+
+    Slick.hasAttribute = function (node, name) {
+        local.setDocument(node);
+        return local.hasAttribute(node, name);
+    };
+
+    // Slick matcher
+
+    Slick.match = function (node, selector) {
+        if (!(node && selector)) return false;
+        if (!selector || selector === node) return true;
+        local.setDocument(node);
+        return local.matchNode(node, selector);
+    };
+
+    // Slick attribute accessor
+
+    Slick.defineAttributeGetter = function (name, fn) {
+        local.attributeGetters[name] = fn;
+        return this;
+    };
+
+    Slick.lookupAttributeGetter = function (name) {
+        return local.attributeGetters[name];
+    };
+
+    // Slick pseudo accessor
+
+    Slick.definePseudo = function (name, fn) {
+        local['pseudo:' + name] = function (node, argument) {
+            return fn.call(node, argument);
+        };
+        return this;
+    };
+
+    Slick.lookupPseudo = function (name) {
+        var pseudo = local['pseudo:' + name];
+        if (pseudo) return function (argument) {
+            return pseudo.call(this, argument);
+        };
+        return null;
+    };
+
+    // Slick overrides accessor
+
+    Slick.override = function (regexp, fn) {
+        local.override(regexp, fn);
+        return this;
+    };
+
+    Slick.isXML = local.isXML;
+
+    Slick.uidOf = function (node) {
+        return local.getUIDHTML(node);
+    };
+
+    if (!this.Slick) this.Slick = Slick;
+
+}).apply(/*<CommonJS>*/(typeof exports != 'undefined') ? exports : /*</CommonJS>*/this);
+
+
+/*
+---
+
+name: Element
+
+description: One of the most important items in MooTools. Contains the dollar function, the dollars function, and an handful of cross-browser, time-saver methods to let you easily work with HTML Elements.
+
+license: MIT-style license.
+
+requires: [Window, Document, Array, String, Function, Object, Number, Slick.Parser, Slick.Finder]
+
+provides: [Element, Elements, $, $$, Iframe, Selectors]
+
+...
+*/
+
+var Element = function (tag, props) {
+    var konstructor = Element.Constructors[tag];
+    if (konstructor) return konstructor(props);
+    if (typeof tag != 'string') return document.id(tag).set(props);
+
+    if (!props) props = {};
+
+    if (!(/^[\w-]+$/).test(tag)) {
+        var parsed = Slick.parse(tag).expressions[0][0];
+        tag = (parsed.tag == '*') ? 'div' : parsed.tag;
+        if (parsed.id && props.id == null) props.id = parsed.id;
+
+        var attributes = parsed.attributes;
+        if (attributes) for (var attr, i = 0, l = attributes.length; i < l; i++) {
+            attr = attributes[i];
+            if (props[attr.key] != null) continue;
+
+            if (attr.value != null && attr.operator == '=') props[attr.key] = attr.value;
+            else if (!attr.value && !attr.operator) props[attr.key] = true;
+        }
+
+        if (parsed.classList && props['class'] == null) props['class'] = parsed.classList.join(' ');
+    }
+
+    return document.newElement(tag, props);
+};
+
+
+if (Browser.Element) {
+    Element.prototype = Browser.Element.prototype;
+    // IE8 and IE9 require the wrapping.
+    Element.prototype._fireEvent = (function (fireEvent) {
+        return function (type, event) {
+            return fireEvent.call(this, type, event);
+        };
+    })(Element.prototype.fireEvent);
+}
+
+new Type('Element', Element).mirror(function (name) {
+    if (Array.prototype[name]) return;
+
+    var obj = {};
+    obj[name] = function () {
+        var results = [], args = arguments, elements = true;
+        for (var i = 0, l = this.length; i < l; i++) {
+            var element = this[i], result = results[i] = element[name].apply(element, args);
+            elements = (elements && typeOf(result) == 'element');
+        }
+        return (elements) ? new Elements(results) : results;
+    };
+
+    Elements.implement(obj);
+});
+
+if (!Browser.Element) {
+    Element.parent = Object;
+
+    Element.Prototype = {
+        '$constructor': Element,
+        '$family': Function.from('element').hide()
+    };
+
+    Element.mirror(function (name, method) {
+        Element.Prototype[name] = method;
+    });
+}
+
+Element.Constructors = {};
+
+//<1.2compat>
+
+Element.Constructors = new Hash;
+
+//</1.2compat>
+
+var IFrame = new Type('IFrame', function () {
+    var params = Array.link(arguments, {
+        properties: Type.isObject,
+        iframe: function (obj) {
+            return (obj != null);
+        }
+    });
+
+    var props = params.properties || {}, iframe;
+    if (params.iframe) iframe = document.id(params.iframe);
+    var onload = props.onload || function () { };
+    delete props.onload;
+    props.id = props.name = [props.id, props.name, iframe ? (iframe.id || iframe.name) : 'IFrame_' + String.uniqueID()].pick();
+    iframe = new Element(iframe || 'iframe', props);
+
+    var onLoad = function () {
+        onload.call(iframe.contentWindow);
+    };
+
+    if (window.frames[props.id]) onLoad();
+    else iframe.addListener('load', onLoad);
+    return iframe;
+});
+
+var Elements = this.Elements = function (nodes) {
+    if (nodes && nodes.length) {
+        var uniques = {}, node;
+        for (var i = 0; node = nodes[i++];) {
+            var uid = Slick.uidOf(node);
+            if (!uniques[uid]) {
+                uniques[uid] = true;
+                this.push(node);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+};
+
+Elements.prototype = { length: 0 };
+Elements.parent = Array;
+
+new Type('Elements', Elements).implement({
+
+    filter: function (filter, bind) {
+        if (!filter) return this;
+        return new Elements(Array.filter(this, (typeOf(filter) == 'string') ? function (item) {
+            return item.match(filter);
+        } : filter, bind));
+    }.protect(),
+
+    push: function () {
+        var length = this.length;
+        for (var i = 0, l = arguments.length; i < l; i++) {
+            var item = document.id(arguments[i]);
+            if (item) this[length++] = item;
+        }
+        return (this.length = length);
+    }.protect(),
+
+    unshift: function () {
+        var items = [];
+        for (var i = 0, l = arguments.length; i < l; i++) {
+            var item = document.id(arguments[i]);
+            if (item) items.push(item);
+        }
+        return Array.prototype.unshift.apply(this, items);
+    }.protect(),
+
+    concat: function () {
+        var newElements = new Elements(this);
+        for (var i = 0, l = arguments.length; i < l; i++) {
+            var item = arguments[i];
+            if (Type.isEnumerable(item)) newElements.append(item);
+            else newElements.push(item);
+        }
+        return newElements;
+    }.protect(),
+
+    append: function (collection) {
+        for (var i = 0, l = collection.length; i < l; i++) this.push(collection[i]);
+        return this;
+    }.protect(),
+
+    empty: function () {
+        while (this.length) delete this[--this.length];
+        return this;
+    }.protect()
+
+});
+
+//<1.2compat>
+
+Elements.alias('extend', 'append');
+
+//</1.2compat>
+
+(function () {
+
+    // FF, IE
+    var splice = Array.prototype.splice, object = { '0': 0, '1': 1, length: 2 };
+
+    splice.call(object, 1, 1);
+    if (object[1] == 1) Elements.implement('splice', function () {
+        var length = this.length;
+        var result = splice.apply(this, arguments);
+        while (length >= this.length) delete this[length--];
+        return result;
+    }.protect());
+
+    Array.forEachMethod(function (method, name) {
+        Elements.implement(name, method);
+    });
+
+    Array.mirror(Elements);
+
+    /*<ltIE8>*/
+    var createElementAcceptsHTML;
+    try {
+        createElementAcceptsHTML = (document.createElement('<input name=x>').name == 'x');
+    } catch (e) { }
+
+    var escapeQuotes = function (html) {
+        return ('' + html).replace(/&/g, '&amp;').replace(/"/g, '&quot;');
+    };
+    /*</ltIE8>*/
+
+    Document.implement({
+
+        newElement: function (tag, props) {
+            if (props && props.checked != null) props.defaultChecked = props.checked;
+            /*<ltIE8>*/// Fix for readonly name and type properties in IE < 8
+            if (createElementAcceptsHTML && props) {
+                tag = '<' + tag;
+                if (props.name) tag += ' name="' + escapeQuotes(props.name) + '"';
+                if (props.type) tag += ' type="' + escapeQuotes(props.type) + '"';
+                tag += '>';
+                delete props.name;
+                delete props.type;
+            }
+            /*</ltIE8>*/
+            return this.id(this.createElement(tag)).set(props);
+        }
+
+    });
+
+})();
+
+(function () {
+
+    Slick.uidOf(window);
+    Slick.uidOf(document);
+
+    Document.implement({
+
+        newTextNode: function (text) {
+            return this.createTextNode(text);
+        },
+
+        getDocument: function () {
+            return this;
+        },
+
+        getWindow: function () {
+            return this.window;
+        },
+
+        id: (function () {
+
+            var types = {
+
+                string: function (id, nocash, doc) {
+                    id = Slick.find(doc, '#' + id.replace(/(\W)/g, '\\$1'));
+                    return (id) ? types.element(id, nocash) : null;
+                },
+
+                element: function (el, nocash) {
+                    Slick.uidOf(el);
+                    if (!nocash && !el.$family && !(/^(?:object|embed)$/i).test(el.tagName)) {
+                        var fireEvent = el.fireEvent;
+                        // wrapping needed in IE7, or else crash
+                        el._fireEvent = function (type, event) {
+                            return fireEvent(type, event);
+                        };
+                        Object.append(el, Element.Prototype);
+                    }
+                    return el;
+                },
+
+                object: function (obj, nocash, doc) {
+                    if (obj.toElement) return types.element(obj.toElement(doc), nocash);
+                    return null;
+                }
+
+            };
+
+            types.textnode = types.whitespace = types.window = types.document = function (zero) {
+                return zero;
+            };
+
+            return function (el, nocash, doc) {
+                if (el && el.$family && el.uniqueNumber) return el;
+                var type = typeOf(el);
+                return (types[type]) ? types[type](el, nocash, doc || document) : null;
+            };
+
+        })()
+
+    });
+
+    if (window.$ == null) Window.implement('$', function (el, nc) {
+        return document.id(el, nc, this.document);
+    });
+
+    Window.implement({
+
+        getDocument: function () {
+            return this.document;
+        },
+
+        getWindow: function () {
+            return this;
+        }
+
+    });
+
+    [Document, Element].invoke('implement', {
+
+        getElements: function (expression) {
+            return Slick.search(this, expression, new Elements);
+        },
+
+        getElement: function (expression) {
+            return document.id(Slick.find(this, expression));
+        }
+
+    });
+
+    var contains = {
+        contains: function (element) {
+            return Slick.contains(this, element);
+        }
+    };
+
+    if (!document.contains) Document.implement(contains);
+    if (!document.createElement('div').contains) Element.implement(contains);
+
+    //<1.2compat>
+
+    Element.implement('hasChild', function (element) {
+        return this !== element && this.contains(element);
+    });
+
+    (function (search, find, match) {
+
+        this.Selectors = {};
+        var pseudos = this.Selectors.Pseudo = new Hash();
+
+        var addSlickPseudos = function () {
+            for (var name in pseudos) if (pseudos.hasOwnProperty(name)) {
+                Slick.definePseudo(name, pseudos[name]);
+                delete pseudos[name];
+            }
+        };
+
+        Slick.search = function (context, expression, append) {
+            addSlickPseudos();
+            return search.call(this, context, expression, append);
+        };
+
+        Slick.find = function (context, expression) {
+            addSlickPseudos();
+            return find.call(this, context, expression);
+        };
+
+        Slick.match = function (node, selector) {
+            addSlickPseudos();
+            return match.call(this, node, selector);
+        };
+
+    })(Slick.search, Slick.find, Slick.match);
+
+    //</1.2compat>
+
+    // tree walking
+
+    var injectCombinator = function (expression, combinator) {
+        if (!expression) return combinator;
+
+        expression = Object.clone(Slick.parse(expression));
+
+        var expressions = expression.expressions;
+        for (var i = expressions.length; i--;)
+            expressions[i][0].combinator = combinator;
+
+        return expression;
+    };
+
+    Object.forEach({
+        getNext: '~',
+        getPrevious: '!~',
+        getParent: '!'
+    }, function (combinator, method) {
+        Element.implement(method, function (expression) {
+            return this.getElement(injectCombinator(expression, combinator));
+        });
+    });
+
+    Object.forEach({
+        getAllNext: '~',
+        getAllPrevious: '!~',
+        getSiblings: '~~',
+        getChildren: '>',
+        getParents: '!'
+    }, function (combinator, method) {
+        Element.implement(method, function (expression) {
+            return this.getElements(injectCombinator(expression, combinator));
+        });
+    });
+
+    Element.implement({
+
+        getFirst: function (expression) {
+            return document.id(Slick.search(this, injectCombinator(expression, '>'))[0]);
+        },
+
+        getLast: function (expression) {
+            return document.id(Slick.search(this, injectCombinator(expression, '>')).getLast());
+        },
+
+        getWindow: function () {
+            return this.ownerDocument.window;
+        },
+
+        getDocument: function () {
+            return this.ownerDocument;
+        },
+
+        getElementById: function (id) {
+            return document.id(Slick.find(this, '#' + ('' + id).replace(/(\W)/g, '\\$1')));
+        },
+
+        match: function (expression) {
+            return !expression || Slick.match(this, expression);
+        }
+
+    });
+
+    //<1.2compat>
+
+    if (window.$$ == null) Window.implement('$$', function (selector) {
+        var elements = new Elements;
+        if (arguments.length == 1 && typeof selector == 'string') return Slick.search(this.document, selector, elements);
+        var args = Array.flatten(arguments);
+        for (var i = 0, l = args.length; i < l; i++) {
+            var item = args[i];
+            switch (typeOf(item)) {
+                case 'element': elements.push(item); break;
+                case 'string': Slick.search(this.document, item, elements);
+            }
+        }
+        return elements;
+    });
+
+    //</1.2compat>
+
+    if (window.$$ == null) Window.implement('$$', function (selector) {
+        if (arguments.length == 1) {
+            if (typeof selector == 'string') return Slick.search(this.document, selector, new Elements);
+            else if (Type.isEnumerable(selector)) return new Elements(selector);
+        }
+        return new Elements(arguments);
+    });
+
+    // Inserters
+
+    var inserters = {
+
+        before: function (context, element) {
+            var parent = element.parentNode;
+            if (parent) parent.insertBefore(context, element);
+        },
+
+        after: function (context, element) {
+            var parent = element.parentNode;
+            if (parent) parent.insertBefore(context, element.nextSibling);
+        },
+
+        bottom: function (context, element) {
+            element.appendChild(context);
+        },
+
+        top: function (context, element) {
+            element.insertBefore(context, element.firstChild);
+        }
+
+    };
+
+    inserters.inside = inserters.bottom;
+
+    //<1.2compat>
+
+    Object.each(inserters, function (inserter, where) {
+
+        where = where.capitalize();
+
+        var methods = {};
+
+        methods['inject' + where] = function (el) {
+            inserter(this, document.id(el, true));
+            return this;
+        };
+
+        methods['grab' + where] = function (el) {
+            inserter(document.id(el, true), this);
+            return this;
+        };
+
+        Element.implement(methods);
+
+    });
+
+    //</1.2compat>
+
+    // getProperty / setProperty
+
+    var propertyGetters = {}, propertySetters = {};
+
+    // properties
+
+    var properties = {};
+    Array.forEach([
+        'type', 'value', 'defaultValue', 'accessKey', 'cellPadding', 'cellSpacing', 'colSpan',
+        'frameBorder', 'rowSpan', 'tabIndex', 'useMap'
+    ], function (property) {
+        properties[property.toLowerCase()] = property;
+    });
+
+    properties.html = 'innerHTML';
+    properties.text = (document.createElement('div').textContent == null) ? 'innerText' : 'textContent';
+
+    Object.forEach(properties, function (real, key) {
+        propertySetters[key] = function (node, value) {
+            node[real] = value;
+        };
+        propertyGetters[key] = function (node) {
+            return node[real];
+        };
+    });
+
+    // Booleans
+
+    var bools = [
+        'compact', 'nowrap', 'ismap', 'declare', 'noshade', 'checked',
+        'disabled', 'readOnly', 'multiple', 'selected', 'noresize',
+        'defer', 'defaultChecked', 'autofocus', 'controls', 'autoplay',
+        'loop'
+    ];
+
+    var booleans = {};
+    Array.forEach(bools, function (bool) {
+        var lower = bool.toLowerCase();
+        booleans[lower] = bool;
+        propertySetters[lower] = function (node, value) {
+            node[bool] = !!value;
+        };
+        propertyGetters[lower] = function (node) {
+            return !!node[bool];
+        };
+    });
+
+    // Special cases
+
+    Object.append(propertySetters, {
+
+        'class': function (node, value) {
+            ('className' in node) ? node.className = (value || '') : node.setAttribute('class', value);
+        },
+
+        'for': function (node, value) {
+            ('htmlFor' in node) ? node.htmlFor = value : node.setAttribute('for', value);
+        },
+
+        'style': function (node, value) {
+            (node.style) ? node.style.cssText = value : node.setAttribute('style', value);
+        },
+
+        'value': function (node, value) {
+            node.value = (value != null) ? value : '';
+        }
+
+    });
+
+    propertyGetters['class'] = function (node) {
+        return ('className' in node) ? node.className || null : node.getAttribute('class');
+    };
+
+    /* <webkit> */
+    var el = document.createElement('button');
+    // IE sets type as readonly and throws
+    try { el.type = 'button'; } catch (e) { }
+    if (el.type != 'button') propertySetters.type = function (node, value) {
+        node.setAttribute('type', value);
+    };
+    el = null;
+    /* </webkit> */
+
+    /*<IE>*/
+    var input = document.createElement('input');
+    input.value = 't';
+    input.type = 'submit';
+    if (input.value != 't') propertySetters.type = function (node, type) {
+        var value = node.value;
+        node.type = type;
+        node.value = value;
+    };
+    input = null;
+    /*</IE>*/
+
+    /* getProperty, setProperty */
+
+    /* <ltIE9> */
+    var pollutesGetAttribute = (function (div) {
+        div.random = 'attribute';
+        return (div.getAttribute('random') == 'attribute');
+    })(document.createElement('div'));
+
+    /* <ltIE9> */
+
+    Element.implement({
+
+        setProperty: function (name, value) {
+            var setter = propertySetters[name.toLowerCase()];
+            if (setter) {
+                setter(this, value);
+            } else {
+                /* <ltIE9> */
+                if (pollutesGetAttribute) var attributeWhiteList = this.retrieve('$attributeWhiteList', {});
+                /* </ltIE9> */
+
+                if (value == null) {
+                    this.removeAttribute(name);
+                    /* <ltIE9> */
+                    if (pollutesGetAttribute) delete attributeWhiteList[name];
+                    /* </ltIE9> */
+                } else {
+                    this.setAttribute(name, '' + value);
+                    /* <ltIE9> */
+                    if (pollutesGetAttribute) attributeWhiteList[name] = true;
+                    /* </ltIE9> */
+                }
+            }
+            return this;
+        },
+
+        setProperties: function (attributes) {
+            for (var attribute in attributes) this.setProperty(attribute, attributes[attribute]);
+            return this;
+        },
+
+        getProperty: function (name) {
+            var getter = propertyGetters[name.toLowerCase()];
+            if (getter) return getter(this);
+            /* <ltIE9> */
+            if (pollutesGetAttribute) {
+                var attr = this.getAttributeNode(name), attributeWhiteList = this.retrieve('$attributeWhiteList', {});
+                if (!attr) return null;
+                if (attr.expando && !attributeWhiteList[name]) {
+                    var outer = this.outerHTML;
+                    // segment by the opening tag and find mention of attribute name
+                    if (outer.substr(0, outer.search(/\/?['"]?>(?![^<]*<['"])/)).indexOf(name) < 0) return null;
+                    attributeWhiteList[name] = true;
+                }
+            }
+            /* </ltIE9> */
+            var result = Slick.getAttribute(this, name);
+            return (!result && !Slick.hasAttribute(this, name)) ? null : result;
+        },
+
+        getProperties: function () {
+            var args = Array.from(arguments);
+            return args.map(this.getProperty, this).associate(args);
+        },
+
+        removeProperty: function (name) {
+            return this.setProperty(name, null);
+        },
+
+        removeProperties: function () {
+            Array.each(arguments, this.removeProperty, this);
+            return this;
+        },
+
+        set: function (prop, value) {
+            var property = Element.Properties[prop];
+            (property && property.set) ? property.set.call(this, value) : this.setProperty(prop, value);
+        }.overloadSetter(),
+
+        get: function (prop) {
+            var property = Element.Properties[prop];
+            return (property && property.get) ? property.get.apply(this) : this.getProperty(prop);
+        }.overloadGetter(),
+
+        erase: function (prop) {
+            var property = Element.Properties[prop];
+            (property && property.erase) ? property.erase.apply(this) : this.removeProperty(prop);
+            return this;
+        },
+
+        hasClass: function (className) {
+            return this.className.clean().contains(className, ' ');
+        },
+
+        addClass: function (className) {
+            if (!this.hasClass(className)) this.className = (this.className + ' ' + className).clean();
+            return this;
+        },
+
+        removeClass: function (className) {
+            this.className = this.className.replace(new RegExp('(^|\\s)' + className + '(?:\\s|$)'), '$1');
+            return this;
+        },
+
+        toggleClass: function (className, force) {
+            if (force == null) force = !this.hasClass(className);
+            return (force) ? this.addClass(className) : this.removeClass(className);
+        },
+
+        adopt: function () {
+            var parent = this, fragment, elements = Array.flatten(arguments), length = elements.length;
+            if (length > 1) parent = fragment = document.createDocumentFragment();
+
+            for (var i = 0; i < length; i++) {
+                var element = document.id(elements[i], true);
+                if (element) parent.appendChild(element);
+            }
+
+            if (fragment) this.appendChild(fragment);
+
+            return this;
+        },
+
+        appendText: function (text, where) {
+            return this.grab(this.getDocument().newTextNode(text), where);
+        },
+
+        grab: function (el, where) {
+            inserters[where || 'bottom'](document.id(el, true), this);
+            return this;
+        },
+
+        inject: function (el, where) {
+            inserters[where || 'bottom'](this, document.id(el, true));
+            return this;
+        },
+
+        replaces: function (el) {
+            el = document.id(el, true);
+            el.parentNode.replaceChild(this, el);
+            return this;
+        },
+
+        wraps: function (el, where) {
+            el = document.id(el, true);
+            return this.replaces(el).grab(el, where);
+        },
+
+        getSelected: function () {
+            this.selectedIndex; // Safari 3.2.1
+            return new Elements(Array.from(this.options).filter(function (option) {
+                return option.selected;
+            }));
+        },
+
+        toQueryString: function () {
+            var queryString = [];
+            this.getElements('input, select, textarea').each(function (el) {
+                var type = el.type;
+                if (!el.name || el.disabled || type == 'submit' || type == 'reset' || type == 'file' || type == 'image') return;
+
+                var value = (el.get('tag') == 'select') ? el.getSelected().map(function (opt) {
+                    // IE
+                    return document.id(opt).get('value');
+                }) : ((type == 'radio' || type == 'checkbox') && !el.checked) ? null : el.get('value');
+
+                Array.from(value).each(function (val) {
+                    if (typeof val != 'undefined') queryString.push(encodeURIComponent(el.name) + '=' + encodeURIComponent(val));
+                });
+            });
+            return queryString.join('&');
+        }
+
+    });
+
+    var collected = {}, storage = {};
+
+    var get = function (uid) {
+        return (storage[uid] || (storage[uid] = {}));
+    };
+
+    var clean = function (item) {
+        var uid = item.uniqueNumber;
+        if (item.removeEvents) item.removeEvents();
+        if (item.clearAttributes) item.clearAttributes();
+        if (uid != null) {
+            delete collected[uid];
+            delete storage[uid];
+        }
+        return item;
+    };
+
+    var formProps = { input: 'checked', option: 'selected', textarea: 'value' };
+
+    Element.implement({
+
+        destroy: function () {
+            var children = clean(this).getElementsByTagName('*');
+            Array.each(children, clean);
+            Element.dispose(this);
+            return null;
+        },
+
+        empty: function () {
+            Array.from(this.childNodes).each(Element.dispose);
+            return this;
+        },
+
+        dispose: function () {
+            return (this.parentNode) ? this.parentNode.removeChild(this) : this;
+        },
+
+        clone: function (contents, keepid) {
+            contents = contents !== false;
+            var clone = this.cloneNode(contents), ce = [clone], te = [this], i;
+
+            if (contents) {
+                ce.append(Array.from(clone.getElementsByTagName('*')));
+                te.append(Array.from(this.getElementsByTagName('*')));
+            }
+
+            for (i = ce.length; i--;) {
+                var node = ce[i], element = te[i];
+                if (!keepid) node.removeAttribute('id');
+                /*<ltIE9>*/
+                if (node.clearAttributes) {
+                    node.clearAttributes();
+                    node.mergeAttributes(element);
+                    node.removeAttribute('uniqueNumber');
+                    if (node.options) {
+                        var no = node.options, eo = element.options;
+                        for (var j = no.length; j--;) no[j].selected = eo[j].selected;
+                    }
+                }
+                /*</ltIE9>*/
+                var prop = formProps[element.tagName.toLowerCase()];
+                if (prop && element[prop]) node[prop] = element[prop];
+            }
+
+            /*<ltIE9>*/
+            if (Browser.ie) {
+                var co = clone.getElementsByTagName('object'), to = this.getElementsByTagName('object');
+                for (i = co.length; i--;) co[i].outerHTML = to[i].outerHTML;
+            }
+            /*</ltIE9>*/
+            return document.id(clone);
+        }
+
+    });
+
+    [Element, Window, Document].invoke('implement', {
+
+        addListener: function (type, fn) {
+            if (type == 'unload') {
+                var old = fn, self = this;
+                fn = function () {
+                    self.removeListener('unload', fn);
+                    old();
+                };
+            } else {
+                collected[Slick.uidOf(this)] = this;
+            }
+            if (this.addEventListener) this.addEventListener(type, fn, !!arguments[2]);
+            else this.attachEvent('on' + type, fn);
+            return this;
+        },
+
+        removeListener: function (type, fn) {
+            if (this.removeEventListener) this.removeEventListener(type, fn, !!arguments[2]);
+            else this.detachEvent('on' + type, fn);
+            return this;
+        },
+
+        retrieve: function (property, dflt) {
+            var storage = get(Slick.uidOf(this)), prop = storage[property];
+            if (dflt != null && prop == null) prop = storage[property] = dflt;
+            return prop != null ? prop : null;
+        },
+
+        store: function (property, value) {
+            var storage = get(Slick.uidOf(this));
+            storage[property] = value;
+            return this;
+        },
+
+        eliminate: function (property) {
+            var storage = get(Slick.uidOf(this));
+            delete storage[property];
+            return this;
+        }
+
+    });
+
+    /*<ltIE9>*/
+    if (window.attachEvent && !window.addEventListener) window.addListener('unload', function () {
+        Object.each(collected, clean);
+        if (window.CollectGarbage) CollectGarbage();
+    });
+    /*</ltIE9>*/
+
+    Element.Properties = {};
+
+    //<1.2compat>
+
+    Element.Properties = new Hash;
+
+    //</1.2compat>
+
+    Element.Properties.style = {
+
+        set: function (style) {
+            this.style.cssText = style;
+        },
+
+        get: function () {
+            return this.style.cssText;
+        },
+
+        erase: function () {
+            this.style.cssText = '';
+        }
+
+    };
+
+    Element.Properties.tag = {
+
+        get: function () {
+            return this.tagName.toLowerCase();
+        }
+
+    };
+
+    Element.Properties.html = {
+
+        set: function (html) {
+            if (html == null) html = '';
+            else if (typeOf(html) == 'array') html = html.join('');
+            this.innerHTML = html;
+        },
+
+        erase: function () {
+            this.innerHTML = '';
+        }
+
+    };
+
+    /*<ltIE9>*/
+    // technique by jdbarlett - http://jdbartlett.com/innershiv/
+    var div = document.createElement('div');
+    div.innerHTML = '<nav></nav>';
+    var supportsHTML5Elements = (div.childNodes.length == 1);
+    if (!supportsHTML5Elements) {
+        var tags = 'abbr article aside audio canvas datalist details figcaption figure footer header hgroup mark meter nav output progress section summary time video'.split(' '),
+            fragment = document.createDocumentFragment(), l = tags.length;
+        while (l--) fragment.createElement(tags[l]);
+    }
+    div = null;
+    /*</ltIE9>*/
+
+    /*<IE>*/
+    var supportsTableInnerHTML = Function.attempt(function () {
+        var table = document.createElement('table');
+        table.innerHTML = '<tr><td></td></tr>';
+        return true;
+    });
+
+    /*<ltFF4>*/
+    var tr = document.createElement('tr'), html = '<td></td>';
+    tr.innerHTML = html;
+    var supportsTRInnerHTML = (tr.innerHTML == html);
+    tr = null;
+    /*</ltFF4>*/
+
+    if (!supportsTableInnerHTML || !supportsTRInnerHTML || !supportsHTML5Elements) {
+
+        Element.Properties.html.set = (function (set) {
+
+            var translations = {
+                table: [1, '<table>', '</table>'],
+                select: [1, '<select>', '</select>'],
+                tbody: [2, '<table><tbody>', '</tbody></table>'],
+                tr: [3, '<table><tbody><tr>', '</tr></tbody></table>']
+            };
+
+            translations.thead = translations.tfoot = translations.tbody;
+
+            return function (html) {
+                var wrap = translations[this.get('tag')];
+                if (!wrap && !supportsHTML5Elements) wrap = [0, '', ''];
+                if (!wrap) return set.call(this, html);
+
+                var level = wrap[0], wrapper = document.createElement('div'), target = wrapper;
+                if (!supportsHTML5Elements) fragment.appendChild(wrapper);
+                wrapper.innerHTML = [wrap[1], html, wrap[2]].flatten().join('');
+                while (level--) target = target.firstChild;
+                this.empty().adopt(target.childNodes);
+                if (!supportsHTML5Elements) fragment.removeChild(wrapper);
+                wrapper = null;
+            };
+
+        })(Element.Properties.html.set);
+    }
+    /*</IE>*/
+
+    /*<ltIE9>*/
+    var testForm = document.createElement('form');
+    testForm.innerHTML = '<select><option>s</option></select>';
+
+    if (testForm.firstChild.value != 's') Element.Properties.value = {
+
+        set: function (value) {
+            var tag = this.get('tag');
+            if (tag != 'select') return this.setProperty('value', value);
+            var options = this.getElements('option');
+            for (var i = 0; i < options.length; i++) {
+                var option = options[i],
+                    attr = option.getAttributeNode('value'),
+                    optionValue = (attr && attr.specified) ? option.value : option.get('text');
+                if (optionValue == value) return option.selected = true;
+            }
+        },
+
+        get: function () {
+            var option = this, tag = option.get('tag');
+
+            if (tag != 'select' && tag != 'option') return this.getProperty('value');
+
+            if (tag == 'select' && !(option = option.getSelected()[0])) return '';
+
+            var attr = option.getAttributeNode('value');
+            return (attr && attr.specified) ? option.value : option.get('text');
+        }
+
+    };
+    testForm = null;
+    /*</ltIE9>*/
+
+    /*<IE>*/
+    if (document.createElement('div').getAttributeNode('id')) Element.Properties.id = {
+        set: function (id) {
+            this.id = this.getAttributeNode('id').value = id;
+        },
+        get: function () {
+            return this.id || null;
+        },
+        erase: function () {
+            this.id = this.getAttributeNode('id').value = '';
+        }
+    };
+    /*</IE>*/
+
+})();
+
+
+/*
+---
+
+name: Element.Style
+
+description: Contains methods for interacting with the styles of Elements in a fashionable way.
+
+license: MIT-style license.
+
+requires: Element
+
+provides: Element.Style
+
+...
+*/
+
+(function () {
+
+    var html = document.html;
+
+    //<ltIE9>
+    // Check for oldIE, which does not remove styles when they're set to null
+    var el = document.createElement('div');
+    el.style.color = 'red';
+    el.style.color = null;
+    var doesNotRemoveStyles = el.style.color == 'red';
+    el = null;
+    //</ltIE9>
+
+    Element.Properties.styles = {
+        set: function (styles) {
+            this.setStyles(styles);
+        }
+    };
+
+    var hasOpacity = (html.style.opacity != null),
+        hasFilter = (html.style.filter != null),
+        reAlpha = /alpha\(opacity=([\d.]+)\)/i;
+
+    var setVisibility = function (element, opacity) {
+        element.store('$opacity', opacity);
+        element.style.visibility = opacity > 0 || opacity == null ? 'visible' : 'hidden';
+    };
+
+    var setOpacity = (hasOpacity ? function (element, opacity) {
+        element.style.opacity = opacity;
+    } : (hasFilter ? function (element, opacity) {
+        var style = element.style;
+        if (!element.currentStyle || !element.currentStyle.hasLayout) style.zoom = 1;
+        if (opacity == null || opacity == 1) opacity = '';
+        else opacity = 'alpha(opacity=' + (opacity * 100).limit(0, 100).round() + ')';
+        var filter = style.filter || element.getComputedStyle('filter') || '';
+        style.filter = reAlpha.test(filter) ? filter.replace(reAlpha, opacity) : filter + opacity;
+        if (!style.filter) style.removeAttribute('filter');
+    } : setVisibility));
+
+    var getOpacity = (hasOpacity ? function (element) {
+        var opacity = element.style.opacity || element.getComputedStyle('opacity');
+        return (opacity == '') ? 1 : opacity.toFloat();
+    } : (hasFilter ? function (element) {
+        var filter = (element.style.filter || element.getComputedStyle('filter')),
+            opacity;
+        if (filter) opacity = filter.match(reAlpha);
+        return (opacity == null || filter == null) ? 1 : (opacity[1] / 100);
+    } : function (element) {
+        var opacity = element.retrieve('$opacity');
+        if (opacity == null) opacity = (element.style.visibility == 'hidden' ? 0 : 1);
+        return opacity;
+    }));
+
+    var floatName = (html.style.cssFloat == null) ? 'styleFloat' : 'cssFloat';
+
+    Element.implement({
+
+        getComputedStyle: function (property) {
+            if (this.currentStyle) return this.currentStyle[property.camelCase()];
+            var defaultView = Element.getDocument(this).defaultView,
+                computed = defaultView ? defaultView.getComputedStyle(this, null) : null;
+            return (computed) ? computed.getPropertyValue((property == floatName) ? 'float' : property.hyphenate()) : null;
+        },
+
+        setStyle: function (property, value) {
+            if (property == 'opacity') {
+                if (value != null) value = parseFloat(value);
+                setOpacity(this, value);
+                return this;
+            }
+            property = (property == 'float' ? floatName : property).camelCase();
+            if (typeOf(value) != 'string') {
+                var map = (Element.Styles[property] || '@').split(' ');
+                value = Array.from(value).map(function (val, i) {
+                    if (!map[i]) return '';
+                    return (typeOf(val) == 'number') ? map[i].replace('@', Math.round(val)) : val;
+                }).join(' ');
+            } else if (value == String(Number(value))) {
+                value = Math.round(value);
+            }
+            this.style[property] = value;
+            //<ltIE9>
+            if ((value == '' || value == null) && doesNotRemoveStyles && this.style.removeAttribute) {
+                this.style.removeAttribute(property);
+            }
+            //</ltIE9>
+            return this;
+        },
+
+        getStyle: function (property) {
+            if (property == 'opacity') return getOpacity(this);
+            property = (property == 'float' ? floatName : property).camelCase();
+            var result = this.style[property];
+            if (!result || property == 'zIndex') {
+                result = [];
+                for (var style in Element.ShortStyles) {
+                    if (property != style) continue;
+                    for (var s in Element.ShortStyles[style]) result.push(this.getStyle(s));
+                    return result.join(' ');
+                }
+                result = this.getComputedStyle(property);
+            }
+            if (result) {
+                result = String(result);
+                var color = result.match(/rgba?\([\d\s,]+\)/);
+                if (color) result = result.replace(color[0], color[0].rgbToHex());
+            }
+            if (Browser.opera || Browser.ie) {
+                if ((/^(height|width)$/).test(property) && !(/px$/.test(result))) {
+                    var values = (property == 'width') ? ['left', 'right'] : ['top', 'bottom'], size = 0;
+                    values.each(function (value) {
+                        size += this.getStyle('border-' + value + '-width').toInt() + this.getStyle('padding-' + value).toInt();
+                    }, this);
+                    return this['offset' + property.capitalize()] - size + 'px';
+                }
+                if (Browser.ie && (/^border(.+)Width|margin|padding/).test(property) && isNaN(parseFloat(result))) {
+                    return '0px';
+                }
+            }
+            return result;
+        },
+
+        setStyles: function (styles) {
+            for (var style in styles) this.setStyle(style, styles[style]);
+            return this;
+        },
+
+        getStyles: function () {
+            var result = {};
+            Array.flatten(arguments).each(function (key) {
+                result[key] = this.getStyle(key);
+            }, this);
+            return result;
+        }
+
+    });
+
+    Element.Styles = {
+        left: '@px', top: '@px', bottom: '@px', right: '@px',
+        width: '@px', height: '@px', maxWidth: '@px', maxHeight: '@px', minWidth: '@px', minHeight: '@px',
+        backgroundColor: 'rgb(@, @, @)', backgroundPosition: '@px @px', color: 'rgb(@, @, @)',
+        fontSize: '@px', letterSpacing: '@px', lineHeight: '@px', clip: 'rect(@px @px @px @px)',
+        margin: '@px @px @px @px', padding: '@px @px @px @px', border: '@px @ rgb(@, @, @) @px @ rgb(@, @, @) @px @ rgb(@, @, @)',
+        borderWidth: '@px @px @px @px', borderStyle: '@ @ @ @', borderColor: 'rgb(@, @, @) rgb(@, @, @) rgb(@, @, @) rgb(@, @, @)',
+        zIndex: '@', 'zoom': '@', fontWeight: '@', textIndent: '@px', opacity: '@'
+    };
+
+    //<1.3compat>
+
+    Element.implement({
+
+        setOpacity: function (value) {
+            setOpacity(this, value);
+            return this;
+        },
+
+        getOpacity: function () {
+            return getOpacity(this);
+        }
+
+    });
+
+    Element.Properties.opacity = {
+
+        set: function (opacity) {
+            setOpacity(this, opacity);
+            setVisibility(this, opacity);
+        },
+
+        get: function () {
+            return getOpacity(this);
+        }
+
+    };
+
+    //</1.3compat>
+
+    //<1.2compat>
+
+    Element.Styles = new Hash(Element.Styles);
+
+    //</1.2compat>
+
+    Element.ShortStyles = { margin: {}, padding: {}, border: {}, borderWidth: {}, borderStyle: {}, borderColor: {} };
+
+    ['Top', 'Right', 'Bottom', 'Left'].each(function (direction) {
+        var Short = Element.ShortStyles;
+        var All = Element.Styles;
+        ['margin', 'padding'].each(function (style) {
+            var sd = style + direction;
+            Short[style][sd] = All[sd] = '@px';
+        });
+        var bd = 'border' + direction;
+        Short.border[bd] = All[bd] = '@px @ rgb(@, @, @)';
+        var bdw = bd + 'Width', bds = bd + 'Style', bdc = bd + 'Color';
+        Short[bd] = {};
+        Short.borderWidth[bdw] = Short[bd][bdw] = All[bdw] = '@px';
+        Short.borderStyle[bds] = Short[bd][bds] = All[bds] = '@';
+        Short.borderColor[bdc] = Short[bd][bdc] = All[bdc] = 'rgb(@, @, @)';
+    });
+
+})();
+
+
+/*
+---
+
+name: Element.Event
+
+description: Contains Element methods for dealing with events. This file also includes mouseenter and mouseleave custom Element Events, if necessary.
+
+license: MIT-style license.
+
+requires: [Element, Event]
+
+provides: Element.Event
+
+...
+*/
+
+(function () {
+
+    Element.Properties.events = {
+        set: function (events) {
+            this.addEvents(events);
+        }
+    };
+
+    [Element, Window, Document].invoke('implement', {
+
+        addEvent: function (type, fn) {
+            var events = this.retrieve('events', {});
+            if (!events[type]) events[type] = { keys: [], values: [] };
+            if (events[type].keys.contains(fn)) return this;
+            events[type].keys.push(fn);
+            var realType = type,
+                custom = Element.Events[type],
+                condition = fn,
+                self = this;
+            if (custom) {
+                if (custom.onAdd) custom.onAdd.call(this, fn, type);
+                if (custom.condition) {
+                    condition = function (event) {
+                        if (custom.condition.call(this, event, type)) return fn.call(this, event);
+                        return true;
+                    };
+                }
+                if (custom.base) realType = Function.from(custom.base).call(this, type);
+            }
+            var defn = function () {
+                return fn.call(self);
+            };
+            var nativeEvent = Element.NativeEvents[realType];
+            if (nativeEvent) {
+                if (nativeEvent == 2) {
+                    defn = function (event) {
+                        event = new DOMEvent(event, self.getWindow());
+                        if (condition.call(self, event) === false) event.stop();
+                    };
+                }
+                this.addListener(realType, defn, arguments[2]);
+            }
+            events[type].values.push(defn);
+            return this;
+        },
+
+        removeEvent: function (type, fn) {
+            var events = this.retrieve('events');
+            if (!events || !events[type]) return this;
+            var list = events[type];
+            var index = list.keys.indexOf(fn);
+            if (index == -1) return this;
+            var value = list.values[index];
+            delete list.keys[index];
+            delete list.values[index];
+            var custom = Element.Events[type];
+            if (custom) {
+                if (custom.onRemove) custom.onRemove.call(this, fn, type);
+                if (custom.base) type = Function.from(custom.base).call(this, type);
+            }
+            return (Element.NativeEvents[type]) ? this.removeListener(type, value, arguments[2]) : this;
+        },
+
+        addEvents: function (events) {
+            for (var event in events) this.addEvent(event, events[event]);
+            return this;
+        },
+
+        removeEvents: function (events) {
+            var type;
+            if (typeOf(events) == 'object') {
+                for (type in events) this.removeEvent(type, events[type]);
+                return this;
+            }
+            var attached = this.retrieve('events');
+            if (!attached) return this;
+            if (!events) {
+                for (type in attached) this.removeEvents(type);
+                this.eliminate('events');
+            } else if (attached[events]) {
+                attached[events].keys.each(function (fn) {
+                    this.removeEvent(events, fn);
+                }, this);
+                delete attached[events];
+            }
+            return this;
+        },
+
+        fireEvent: function (type, args, delay) {
+            var events = this.retrieve('events');
+            if (!events || !events[type]) return this;
+            args = Array.from(args);
+
+            events[type].keys.each(function (fn) {
+                if (delay) fn.delay(delay, this, args);
+                else fn.apply(this, args);
+            }, this);
+            return this;
+        },
+
+        cloneEvents: function (from, type) {
+            from = document.id(from);
+            var events = from.retrieve('events');
+            if (!events) return this;
+            if (!type) {
+                for (var eventType in events) this.cloneEvents(from, eventType);
+            } else if (events[type]) {
+                events[type].keys.each(function (fn) {
+                    this.addEvent(type, fn);
+                }, this);
+            }
+            return this;
+        }
+
+    });
+
+    Element.NativeEvents = {
+        click: 2, dblclick: 2, mouseup: 2, mousedown: 2, contextmenu: 2, //mouse buttons
+        mousewheel: 2, DOMMouseScroll: 2, //mouse wheel
+        mouseover: 2, mouseout: 2, mousemove: 2, selectstart: 2, selectend: 2, //mouse movement
+        keydown: 2, keypress: 2, keyup: 2, //keyboard
+        orientationchange: 2, // mobile
+        touchstart: 2, touchmove: 2, touchend: 2, touchcancel: 2, // touch
+        gesturestart: 2, gesturechange: 2, gestureend: 2, // gesture
+        focus: 2, blur: 2, change: 2, reset: 2, select: 2, submit: 2, paste: 2, input: 2, //form elements
+        load: 2, unload: 1, beforeunload: 2, resize: 1, move: 1, DOMContentLoaded: 1, readystatechange: 1, //window
+        error: 1, abort: 1, scroll: 1 //misc
+    };
+
+    Element.Events = {
+        mousewheel: {
+            base: (Browser.firefox) ? 'DOMMouseScroll' : 'mousewheel'
+        }
+    };
+
+    if ('onmouseenter' in document.documentElement) {
+        Element.NativeEvents.mouseenter = Element.NativeEvents.mouseleave = 2;
+    } else {
+        var check = function (event) {
+            var related = event.relatedTarget;
+            if (related == null) return true;
+            if (!related) return false;
+            return (related != this && related.prefix != 'xul' && typeOf(this) != 'document' && !this.contains(related));
+        };
+
+        Element.Events.mouseenter = {
+            base: 'mouseover',
+            condition: check
+        };
+
+        Element.Events.mouseleave = {
+            base: 'mouseout',
+            condition: check
+        };
+    }
+
+    /*<ltIE9>*/
+    if (!window.addEventListener) {
+        Element.NativeEvents.propertychange = 2;
+        Element.Events.change = {
+            base: function () {
+                var type = this.type;
+                return (this.get('tag') == 'input' && (type == 'radio' || type == 'checkbox')) ? 'propertychange' : 'change'
+            },
+            condition: function (event) {
+                return this.type != 'radio' || (event.event.propertyName == 'checked' && this.checked);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    /*</ltIE9>*/
+
+    //<1.2compat>
+
+    Element.Events = new Hash(Element.Events);
+
+    //</1.2compat>
+
+})();
+
+
+/*
+---
+
+name: Element.Delegation
+
+description: Extends the Element native object to include the delegate method for more efficient event management.
+
+license: MIT-style license.
+
+requires: [Element.Event]
+
+provides: [Element.Delegation]
+
+...
+*/
+
+(function () {
+
+    var eventListenerSupport = !!window.addEventListener;
+
+    Element.NativeEvents.focusin = Element.NativeEvents.focusout = 2;
+
+    var bubbleUp = function (self, match, fn, event, target) {
+        while (target && target != self) {
+            if (match(target, event)) return fn.call(target, event, target);
+            target = document.id(target.parentNode);
+        }
+    };
+
+    var map = {
+        mouseenter: {
+            base: 'mouseover'
+        },
+        mouseleave: {
+            base: 'mouseout'
+        },
+        focus: {
+            base: 'focus' + (eventListenerSupport ? '' : 'in'),
+            capture: true
+        },
+        blur: {
+            base: eventListenerSupport ? 'blur' : 'focusout',
+            capture: true
+        }
+    };
+
+    /*<ltIE9>*/
+    var _key = '$delegation:';
+    var formObserver = function (type) {
+
+        return {
+
+            base: 'focusin',
+
+            remove: function (self, uid) {
+                var list = self.retrieve(_key + type + 'listeners', {})[uid];
+                if (list && list.forms) for (var i = list.forms.length; i--;) {
+                    list.forms[i].removeEvent(type, list.fns[i]);
+                }
+            },
+
+            listen: function (self, match, fn, event, target, uid) {
+                var form = (target.get('tag') == 'form') ? target : event.target.getParent('form');
+                if (!form) return;
+
+                var listeners = self.retrieve(_key + type + 'listeners', {}),
+                    listener = listeners[uid] || { forms: [], fns: [] },
+                    forms = listener.forms, fns = listener.fns;
+
+                if (forms.indexOf(form) != -1) return;
+                forms.push(form);
+
+                var _fn = function (event) {
+                    bubbleUp(self, match, fn, event, target);
+                };
+                form.addEvent(type, _fn);
+                fns.push(_fn);
+
+                listeners[uid] = listener;
+                self.store(_key + type + 'listeners', listeners);
+            }
+        };
+    };
+
+    var inputObserver = function (type) {
+        return {
+            base: 'focusin',
+            listen: function (self, match, fn, event, target) {
+                var events = {
+                    blur: function () {
+                        this.removeEvents(events);
+                    }
+                };
+                events[type] = function (event) {
+                    bubbleUp(self, match, fn, event, target);
+                };
+                event.target.addEvents(events);
+            }
+        };
+    };
+
+    if (!eventListenerSupport) Object.append(map, {
+        submit: formObserver('submit'),
+        reset: formObserver('reset'),
+        change: inputObserver('change'),
+        select: inputObserver('select')
+    });
+    /*</ltIE9>*/
+
+    var proto = Element.prototype,
+        addEvent = proto.addEvent,
+        removeEvent = proto.removeEvent;
+
+    var relay = function (old, method) {
+        return function (type, fn, useCapture) {
+            if (type.indexOf(':relay') == -1) return old.call(this, type, fn, useCapture);
+            var parsed = Slick.parse(type).expressions[0][0];
+            if (parsed.pseudos[0].key != 'relay') return old.call(this, type, fn, useCapture);
+            var newType = parsed.tag;
+            parsed.pseudos.slice(1).each(function (pseudo) {
+                newType += ':' + pseudo.key + (pseudo.value ? '(' + pseudo.value + ')' : '');
+            });
+            old.call(this, type, fn);
+            return method.call(this, newType, parsed.pseudos[0].value, fn);
+        };
+    };
+
+    var delegation = {
+
+        addEvent: function (type, match, fn) {
+            var storage = this.retrieve('$delegates', {}), stored = storage[type];
+            if (stored) for (var _uid in stored) {
+                if (stored[_uid].fn == fn && stored[_uid].match == match) return this;
+            }
+
+            var _type = type, _match = match, _fn = fn, _map = map[type] || {};
+            type = _map.base || _type;
+
+            match = function (target) {
+                return Slick.match(target, _match);
+            };
+
+            var elementEvent = Element.Events[_type];
+            if (elementEvent && elementEvent.condition) {
+                var __match = match, condition = elementEvent.condition;
+                match = function (target, event) {
+                    return __match(target, event) && condition.call(target, event, type);
+                };
+            }
+
+            var self = this, uid = String.uniqueID();
+            var delegator = _map.listen ? function (event, target) {
+                if (!target && event && event.target) target = event.target;
+                if (target) _map.listen(self, match, fn, event, target, uid);
+            } : function (event, target) {
+                if (!target && event && event.target) target = event.target;
+                if (target) bubbleUp(self, match, fn, event, target);
+            };
+
+            if (!stored) stored = {};
+            stored[uid] = {
+                match: _match,
+                fn: _fn,
+                delegator: delegator
+            };
+            storage[_type] = stored;
+            return addEvent.call(this, type, delegator, _map.capture);
+        },
+
+        removeEvent: function (type, match, fn, _uid) {
+            var storage = this.retrieve('$delegates', {}), stored = storage[type];
+            if (!stored) return this;
+
+            if (_uid) {
+                var _type = type, delegator = stored[_uid].delegator, _map = map[type] || {};
+                type = _map.base || _type;
+                if (_map.remove) _map.remove(this, _uid);
+                delete stored[_uid];
+                storage[_type] = stored;
+                return removeEvent.call(this, type, delegator);
+            }
+
+            var __uid, s;
+            if (fn) for (__uid in stored) {
+                s = stored[__uid];
+                if (s.match == match && s.fn == fn) return delegation.removeEvent.call(this, type, match, fn, __uid);
+            } else for (__uid in stored) {
+                s = stored[__uid];
+                if (s.match == match) delegation.removeEvent.call(this, type, match, s.fn, __uid);
+            }
+            return this;
+        }
+
+    };
+
+    [Element, Window, Document].invoke('implement', {
+        addEvent: relay(addEvent, delegation.addEvent),
+        removeEvent: relay(removeEvent, delegation.removeEvent)
+    });
+
+})();
+
+
+/*
+---
+
+name: Element.Dimensions
+
+description: Contains methods to work with size, scroll, or positioning of Elements and the window object.
+
+license: MIT-style license.
+
+credits:
+  - Element positioning based on the [qooxdoo](http://qooxdoo.org/) code and smart browser fixes, [LGPL License](http://www.gnu.org/licenses/lgpl.html).
+  - Viewport dimensions based on [YUI](http://developer.yahoo.com/yui/) code, [BSD License](http://developer.yahoo.com/yui/license.html).
+
+requires: [Element, Element.Style]
+
+provides: [Element.Dimensions]
+
+...
+*/
+
+(function () {
+
+    var element = document.createElement('div'),
+        child = document.createElement('div');
+    element.style.height = '0';
+    element.appendChild(child);
+    var brokenOffsetParent = (child.offsetParent === element);
+    element = child = null;
+
+    var isOffset = function (el) {
+        return styleString(el, 'position') != 'static' || isBody(el);
+    };
+
+    var isOffsetStatic = function (el) {
+        return isOffset(el) || (/^(?:table|td|th)$/i).test(el.tagName);
+    };
+
+    Element.implement({
+
+        scrollTo: function (x, y) {
+            if (isBody(this)) {
+                this.getWindow().scrollTo(x, y);
+            } else {
+                this.scrollLeft = x;
+                this.scrollTop = y;
+            }
+            return this;
+        },
+
+        getSize: function () {
+            if (isBody(this)) return this.getWindow().getSize();
+            return { x: this.offsetWidth, y: this.offsetHeight };
+        },
+
+        getScrollSize: function () {
+            if (isBody(this)) return this.getWindow().getScrollSize();
+            return { x: this.scrollWidth, y: this.scrollHeight };
+        },
+
+        getScroll: function () {
+            if (isBody(this)) return this.getWindow().getScroll();
+            return { x: this.scrollLeft, y: this.scrollTop };
+        },
+
+        getScrolls: function () {
+            var element = this.parentNode, position = { x: 0, y: 0 };
+            while (element && !isBody(element)) {
+                position.x += element.scrollLeft;
+                position.y += element.scrollTop;
+                element = element.parentNode;
+            }
+            return position;
+        },
+
+        getOffsetParent: brokenOffsetParent ? function () {
+            var element = this;
+            if (isBody(element) || styleString(element, 'position') == 'fixed') return null;
+
+            var isOffsetCheck = (styleString(element, 'position') == 'static') ? isOffsetStatic : isOffset;
+            while ((element = element.parentNode)) {
+                if (isOffsetCheck(element)) return element;
+            }
+            return null;
+        } : function () {
+            var element = this;
+            if (isBody(element) || styleString(element, 'position') == 'fixed') return null;
+
+            try {
+                return element.offsetParent;
+            } catch (e) { }
+            return null;
+        },
+
+        getOffsets: function () {
+            if (this.getBoundingClientRect && !Browser.Platform.ios) {
+                var bound = this.getBoundingClientRect(),
+                    html = document.id(this.getDocument().documentElement),
+                    htmlScroll = html.getScroll(),
+                    elemScrolls = this.getScrolls(),
+                    isFixed = (styleString(this, 'position') == 'fixed');
+
+                return {
+                    x: bound.left.toInt() + elemScrolls.x + ((isFixed) ? 0 : htmlScroll.x) - html.clientLeft,
+                    y: bound.top.toInt() + elemScrolls.y + ((isFixed) ? 0 : htmlScroll.y) - html.clientTop
+                };
+            }
+
+            var element = this, position = { x: 0, y: 0 };
+            if (isBody(this)) return position;
+
+            while (element && !isBody(element)) {
+                position.x += element.offsetLeft;
+                position.y += element.offsetTop;
+
+                if (Browser.firefox) {
+                    if (!borderBox(element)) {
+                        position.x += leftBorder(element);
+                        position.y += topBorder(element);
+                    }
+                    var parent = element.parentNode;
+                    if (parent && styleString(parent, 'overflow') != 'visible') {
+                        position.x += leftBorder(parent);
+                        position.y += topBorder(parent);
+                    }
+                } else if (element != this && Browser.safari) {
+                    position.x += leftBorder(element);
+                    position.y += topBorder(element);
+                }
+
+                element = element.offsetParent;
+            }
+            if (Browser.firefox && !borderBox(this)) {
+                position.x -= leftBorder(this);
+                position.y -= topBorder(this);
+            }
+            return position;
+        },
+
+        getPosition: function (relative) {
+            var offset = this.getOffsets(),
+                scroll = this.getScrolls();
+            var position = {
+                x: offset.x - scroll.x,
+                y: offset.y - scroll.y
+            };
+
+            if (relative && (relative = document.id(relative))) {
+                var relativePosition = relative.getPosition();
+                return { x: position.x - relativePosition.x - leftBorder(relative), y: position.y - relativePosition.y - topBorder(relative) };
+            }
+            return position;
+        },
+
+        getCoordinates: function (element) {
+            if (isBody(this)) return this.getWindow().getCoordinates();
+            var position = this.getPosition(element),
+                size = this.getSize();
+            var obj = {
+                left: position.x,
+                top: position.y,
+                width: size.x,
+                height: size.y
+            };
+            obj.right = obj.left + obj.width;
+            obj.bottom = obj.top + obj.height;
+            return obj;
+        },
+
+        computePosition: function (obj) {
+            return {
+                left: obj.x - styleNumber(this, 'margin-left'),
+                top: obj.y - styleNumber(this, 'margin-top')
+            };
+        },
+
+        setPosition: function (obj) {
+            return this.setStyles(this.computePosition(obj));
+        }
+
+    });
+
+
+    [Document, Window].invoke('implement', {
+
+        getSize: function () {
+            var doc = getCompatElement(this);
+            return { x: doc.clientWidth, y: doc.clientHeight };
+        },
+
+        getScroll: function () {
+            var win = this.getWindow(), doc = getCompatElement(this);
+            return { x: win.pageXOffset || doc.scrollLeft, y: win.pageYOffset || doc.scrollTop };
+        },
+
+        getScrollSize: function () {
+            var doc = getCompatElement(this),
+                min = this.getSize(),
+                body = this.getDocument().body;
+
+            return { x: Math.max(doc.scrollWidth, body.scrollWidth, min.x), y: Math.max(doc.scrollHeight, body.scrollHeight, min.y) };
+        },
+
+        getPosition: function () {
+            return { x: 0, y: 0 };
+        },
+
+        getCoordinates: function () {
+            var size = this.getSize();
+            return { top: 0, left: 0, bottom: size.y, right: size.x, height: size.y, width: size.x };
+        }
+
+    });
+
+    // private methods
+
+    var styleString = Element.getComputedStyle;
+
+    function styleNumber(element, style) {
+        return styleString(element, style).toInt() || 0;
+    }
+
+    function borderBox(element) {
+        return styleString(element, '-moz-box-sizing') == 'border-box';
+    }
+
+    function topBorder(element) {
+        return styleNumber(element, 'border-top-width');
+    }
+
+    function leftBorder(element) {
+        return styleNumber(element, 'border-left-width');
+    }
+
+    function isBody(element) {
+        return (/^(?:body|html)$/i).test(element.tagName);
+    }
+
+    function getCompatElement(element) {
+        var doc = element.getDocument();
+        return (!doc.compatMode || doc.compatMode == 'CSS1Compat') ? doc.html : doc.body;
+    }
+
+})();
+
+//aliases
+Element.alias({ position: 'setPosition' }); //compatability
+
+[Window, Document, Element].invoke('implement', {
+
+    getHeight: function () {
+        return this.getSize().y;
+    },
+
+    getWidth: function () {
+        return this.getSize().x;
+    },
+
+    getScrollTop: function () {
+        return this.getScroll().y;
+    },
+
+    getScrollLeft: function () {
+        return this.getScroll().x;
+    },
+
+    getScrollHeight: function () {
+        return this.getScrollSize().y;
+    },
+
+    getScrollWidth: function () {
+        return this.getScrollSize().x;
+    },
+
+    getTop: function () {
+        return this.getPosition().y;
+    },
+
+    getLeft: function () {
+        return this.getPosition().x;
+    }
+
+});
+
+
+/*
+---
+
+name: Fx
+
+description: Contains the basic animation logic to be extended by all other Fx Classes.
+
+license: MIT-style license.
+
+requires: [Chain, Events, Options]
+
+provides: Fx
+
+...
+*/
+
+(function () {
+
+    var Fx = this.Fx = new Class({
+
+        Implements: [Chain, Events, Options],
+
+        options: {
+            /*
+            onStart: nil,
+            onCancel: nil,
+            onComplete: nil,
+            */
+            fps: 60,
+            unit: false,
+            duration: 500,
+            frames: null,
+            frameSkip: true,
+            link: 'ignore'
+        },
+
+        initialize: function (options) {
+            this.subject = this.subject || this;
+            this.setOptions(options);
+        },
+
+        getTransition: function () {
+            return function (p) {
+                return -(Math.cos(Math.PI * p) - 1) / 2;
+            };
+        },
+
+        step: function (now) {
+            if (this.options.frameSkip) {
+                var diff = (this.time != null) ? (now - this.time) : 0, frames = diff / this.frameInterval;
+                this.time = now;
+                this.frame += frames;
+            } else {
+                this.frame++;
+            }
+
+            if (this.frame < this.frames) {
+                var delta = this.transition(this.frame / this.frames);
+                this.set(this.compute(this.from, this.to, delta));
+            } else {
+                this.frame = this.frames;
+                this.set(this.compute(this.from, this.to, 1));
+                this.stop();
+            }
+        },
+
+        set: function (now) {
+            return now;
+        },
+
+        compute: function (from, to, delta) {
+            return Fx.compute(from, to, delta);
+        },
+
+        check: function () {
+            if (!this.isRunning()) return true;
+            switch (this.options.link) {
+                case 'cancel': this.cancel(); return true;
+                case 'chain': this.chain(this.caller.pass(arguments, this)); return false;
+            }
+            return false;
+        },
+
+        start: function (from, to) {
+            if (!this.check(from, to)) return this;
+            this.from = from;
+            this.to = to;
+            this.frame = (this.options.frameSkip) ? 0 : -1;
+            this.time = null;
+            this.transition = this.getTransition();
+            var frames = this.options.frames, fps = this.options.fps, duration = this.options.duration;
+            this.duration = Fx.Durations[duration] || duration.toInt();
+            this.frameInterval = 1000 / fps;
+            this.frames = frames || Math.round(this.duration / this.frameInterval);
+            this.fireEvent('start', this.subject);
+            pushInstance.call(this, fps);
+            return this;
+        },
+
+        stop: function () {
+            if (this.isRunning()) {
+                this.time = null;
+                pullInstance.call(this, this.options.fps);
+                if (this.frames == this.frame) {
+                    this.fireEvent('complete', this.subject);
+                    if (!this.callChain()) this.fireEvent('chainComplete', this.subject);
+                } else {
+                    this.fireEvent('stop', this.subject);
+                }
+            }
+            return this;
+        },
+
+        cancel: function () {
+            if (this.isRunning()) {
+                this.time = null;
+                pullInstance.call(this, this.options.fps);
+                this.frame = this.frames;
+                this.fireEvent('cancel', this.subject).clearChain();
+            }
+            return this;
+        },
+
+        pause: function () {
+            if (this.isRunning()) {
+                this.time = null;
+                pullInstance.call(this, this.options.fps);
+            }
+            return this;
+        },
+
+        resume: function () {
+            if ((this.frame < this.frames) && !this.isRunning()) pushInstance.call(this, this.options.fps);
+            return this;
+        },
+
+        isRunning: function () {
+            var list = instances[this.options.fps];
+            return list && list.contains(this);
+        }
+
+    });
+
+    Fx.compute = function (from, to, delta) {
+        return (to - from) * delta + from;
+    };
+
+    Fx.Durations = { 'short': 250, 'normal': 500, 'long': 1000 };
+
+    // global timers
+
+    var instances = {}, timers = {};
+
+    var loop = function () {
+        var now = Date.now();
+        for (var i = this.length; i--;) {
+            var instance = this[i];
+            if (instance) instance.step(now);
+        }
+    };
+
+    var pushInstance = function (fps) {
+        var list = instances[fps] || (instances[fps] = []);
+        list.push(this);
+        if (!timers[fps]) timers[fps] = loop.periodical(Math.round(1000 / fps), list);
+    };
+
+    var pullInstance = function (fps) {
+        var list = instances[fps];
+        if (list) {
+            list.erase(this);
+            if (!list.length && timers[fps]) {
+                delete instances[fps];
+                timers[fps] = clearInterval(timers[fps]);
+            }
+        }
+    };
+
+})();
+
+
+/*
+---
+
+name: Fx.CSS
+
+description: Contains the CSS animation logic. Used by Fx.Tween, Fx.Morph, Fx.Elements.
+
+license: MIT-style license.
+
+requires: [Fx, Element.Style]
+
+provides: Fx.CSS
+
+...
+*/
+
+Fx.CSS = new Class({
+
+    Extends: Fx,
+
+    //prepares the base from/to object
+
+    prepare: function (element, property, values) {
+        values = Array.from(values);
+        var from = values[0], to = values[1];
+        if (to == null) {
+            to = from;
+            from = element.getStyle(property);
+            var unit = this.options.unit;
+            // adapted from: https://github.com/ryanmorr/fx/blob/master/fx.js#L299
+            if (unit && from.slice(-unit.length) != unit && parseFloat(from) != 0) {
+                element.setStyle(property, to + unit);
+                var value = element.getComputedStyle(property);
+                // IE and Opera support pixelLeft or pixelWidth
+                if (!(/px$/.test(value))) {
+                    value = element.style[('pixel-' + property).camelCase()];
+                    if (value == null) {
+                        // adapted from Dean Edwards' http://erik.eae.net/archives/2007/07/27/18.54.15/#comment-102291
+                        var left = element.style.left;
+                        element.style.left = to + unit;
+                        value = element.style.pixelLeft;
+                        element.style.left = left;
+                    }
+                }
+                from = (to || 1) / (parseFloat(value) || 1) * (parseFloat(from) || 0);
+                element.setStyle(property, from + unit);
+            }
+        }
+        return { from: this.parse(from), to: this.parse(to) };
+    },
+
+    //parses a value into an array
+
+    parse: function (value) {
+        value = Function.from(value)();
+        value = (typeof value == 'string') ? value.split(' ') : Array.from(value);
+        return value.map(function (val) {
+            val = String(val);
+            var found = false;
+            Object.each(Fx.CSS.Parsers, function (parser, key) {
+                if (found) return;
+                var parsed = parser.parse(val);
+                if (parsed || parsed === 0) found = { value: parsed, parser: parser };
+            });
+            found = found || { value: val, parser: Fx.CSS.Parsers.String };
+            return found;
+        });
+    },
+
+    //computes by a from and to prepared objects, using their parsers.
+
+    compute: function (from, to, delta) {
+        var computed = [];
+        (Math.min(from.length, to.length)).times(function (i) {
+            computed.push({ value: from[i].parser.compute(from[i].value, to[i].value, delta), parser: from[i].parser });
+        });
+        computed.$family = Function.from('fx:css:value');
+        return computed;
+    },
+
+    //serves the value as settable
+
+    serve: function (value, unit) {
+        if (typeOf(value) != 'fx:css:value') value = this.parse(value);
+        var returned = [];
+        value.each(function (bit) {
+            returned = returned.concat(bit.parser.serve(bit.value, unit));
+        });
+        return returned;
+    },
+
+    //renders the change to an element
+
+    render: function (element, property, value, unit) {
+        element.setStyle(property, this.serve(value, unit));
+    },
+
+    //searches inside the page css to find the values for a selector
+
+    search: function (selector) {
+        if (Fx.CSS.Cache[selector]) return Fx.CSS.Cache[selector];
+        var to = {}, selectorTest = new RegExp('^' + selector.escapeRegExp() + '$');
+        Array.each(document.styleSheets, function (sheet, j) {
+            var href = sheet.href;
+            if (href && href.contains('://') && !href.contains(document.domain)) return;
+            var rules = sheet.rules || sheet.cssRules;
+            Array.each(rules, function (rule, i) {
+                if (!rule.style) return;
+                var selectorText = (rule.selectorText) ? rule.selectorText.replace(/^\w+/, function (m) {
+                    return m.toLowerCase();
+                }) : null;
+                if (!selectorText || !selectorTest.test(selectorText)) return;
+                Object.each(Element.Styles, function (value, style) {
+                    if (!rule.style[style] || Element.ShortStyles[style]) return;
+                    value = String(rule.style[style]);
+                    to[style] = ((/^rgb/).test(value)) ? value.rgbToHex() : value;
+                });
+            });
+        });
+        return Fx.CSS.Cache[selector] = to;
+    }
+
+});
+
+Fx.CSS.Cache = {};
+
+Fx.CSS.Parsers = {
+
+    Color: {
+        parse: function (value) {
+            if (value.match(/^#[0-9a-f]{3,6}$/i)) return value.hexToRgb(true);
+            return ((value = value.match(/(\d+),\s*(\d+),\s*(\d+)/))) ? [value[1], value[2], value[3]] : false;
+        },
+        compute: function (from, to, delta) {
+            return from.map(function (value, i) {
+                return Math.round(Fx.compute(from[i], to[i], delta));
+            });
+        },
+        serve: function (value) {
+            return value.map(Number);
+        }
+    },
+
+    Number: {
+        parse: parseFloat,
+        compute: Fx.compute,
+        serve: function (value, unit) {
+            return (unit) ? value + unit : value;
+        }
+    },
+
+    String: {
+        parse: Function.from(false),
+        compute: function (zero, one) {
+            return one;
+        },
+        serve: function (zero) {
+            return zero;
+        }
+    }
+
+};
+
+//<1.2compat>
+
+Fx.CSS.Parsers = new Hash(Fx.CSS.Parsers);
+
+//</1.2compat>
+
+
+/*
+---
+
+name: Fx.Tween
+
+description: Formerly Fx.Style, effect to transition any CSS property for an element.
+
+license: MIT-style license.
+
+requires: Fx.CSS
+
+provides: [Fx.Tween, Element.fade, Element.highlight]
+
+...
+*/
+
+Fx.Tween = new Class({
+
+    Extends: Fx.CSS,
+
+    initialize: function (element, options) {
+        this.element = this.subject = document.id(element);
+        this.parent(options);
+    },
+
+    set: function (property, now) {
+        if (arguments.length == 1) {
+            now = property;
+            property = this.property || this.options.property;
+        }
+        this.render(this.element, property, now, this.options.unit);
+        return this;
+    },
+
+    start: function (property, from, to) {
+        if (!this.check(property, from, to)) return this;
+        var args = Array.flatten(arguments);
+        this.property = this.options.property || args.shift();
+        var parsed = this.prepare(this.element, this.property, args);
+        return this.parent(parsed.from, parsed.to);
+    }
+
+});
+
+Element.Properties.tween = {
+
+    set: function (options) {
+        this.get('tween').cancel().setOptions(options);
+        return this;
+    },
+
+    get: function () {
+        var tween = this.retrieve('tween');
+        if (!tween) {
+            tween = new Fx.Tween(this, { link: 'cancel' });
+            this.store('tween', tween);
+        }
+        return tween;
+    }
+
+};
+
+Element.implement({
+
+    tween: function (property, from, to) {
+        this.get('tween').start(property, from, to);
+        return this;
+    },
+
+    fade: function (how) {
+        var fade = this.get('tween'), method, args = ['opacity'].append(arguments), toggle;
+        if (args[1] == null) args[1] = 'toggle';
+        switch (args[1]) {
+            case 'in': method = 'start'; args[1] = 1; break;
+            case 'out': method = 'start'; args[1] = 0; break;
+            case 'show': method = 'set'; args[1] = 1; break;
+            case 'hide': method = 'set'; args[1] = 0; break;
+            case 'toggle':
+                var flag = this.retrieve('fade:flag', this.getStyle('opacity') == 1);
+                method = 'start';
+                args[1] = flag ? 0 : 1;
+                this.store('fade:flag', !flag);
+                toggle = true;
+                break;
+            default: method = 'start';
+        }
+        if (!toggle) this.eliminate('fade:flag');
+        fade[method].apply(fade, args);
+        var to = args[args.length - 1];
+        if (method == 'set' || to != 0) this.setStyle('visibility', to == 0 ? 'hidden' : 'visible');
+        else fade.chain(function () {
+            this.element.setStyle('visibility', 'hidden');
+            this.callChain();
+        });
+        return this;
+    },
+
+    highlight: function (start, end) {
+        if (!end) {
+            end = this.retrieve('highlight:original', this.getStyle('background-color'));
+            end = (end == 'transparent') ? '#fff' : end;
+        }
+        var tween = this.get('tween');
+        tween.start('background-color', start || '#ffff88', end).chain(function () {
+            this.setStyle('background-color', this.retrieve('highlight:original'));
+            tween.callChain();
+        }.bind(this));
+        return this;
+    }
+
+});
+
+
+/*
+---
+
+name: Fx.Morph
+
+description: Formerly Fx.Styles, effect to transition any number of CSS properties for an element using an object of rules, or CSS based selector rules.
+
+license: MIT-style license.
+
+requires: Fx.CSS
+
+provides: Fx.Morph
+
+...
+*/
+
+Fx.Morph = new Class({
+
+    Extends: Fx.CSS,
+
+    initialize: function (element, options) {
+        this.element = this.subject = document.id(element);
+        this.parent(options);
+    },
+
+    set: function (now) {
+        if (typeof now == 'string') now = this.search(now);
+        for (var p in now) this.render(this.element, p, now[p], this.options.unit);
+        return this;
+    },
+
+    compute: function (from, to, delta) {
+        var now = {};
+        for (var p in from) now[p] = this.parent(from[p], to[p], delta);
+        return now;
+    },
+
+    start: function (properties) {
+        if (!this.check(properties)) return this;
+        if (typeof properties == 'string') properties = this.search(properties);
+        var from = {}, to = {};
+        for (var p in properties) {
+            var parsed = this.prepare(this.element, p, properties[p]);
+            from[p] = parsed.from;
+            to[p] = parsed.to;
+        }
+        return this.parent(from, to);
+    }
+
+});
+
+Element.Properties.morph = {
+
+    set: function (options) {
+        this.get('morph').cancel().setOptions(options);
+        return this;
+    },
+
+    get: function () {
+        var morph = this.retrieve('morph');
+        if (!morph) {
+            morph = new Fx.Morph(this, { link: 'cancel' });
+            this.store('morph', morph);
+        }
+        return morph;
+    }
+
+};
+
+Element.implement({
+
+    morph: function (props) {
+        this.get('morph').start(props);
+        return this;
+    }
+
+});
+
+
+/*
+---
+
+name: Fx.Transitions
+
+description: Contains a set of advanced transitions to be used with any of the Fx Classes.
+
+license: MIT-style license.
+
+credits:
+  - Easing Equations by Robert Penner, <http://www.robertpenner.com/easing/>, modified and optimized to be used with MooTools.
+
+requires: Fx
+
+provides: Fx.Transitions
+
+...
+*/
+
+Fx.implement({
+
+    getTransition: function () {
+        var trans = this.options.transition || Fx.Transitions.Sine.easeInOut;
+        if (typeof trans == 'string') {
+            var data = trans.split(':');
+            trans = Fx.Transitions;
+            trans = trans[data[0]] || trans[data[0].capitalize()];
+            if (data[1]) trans = trans['ease' + data[1].capitalize() + (data[2] ? data[2].capitalize() : '')];
+        }
+        return trans;
+    }
+
+});
+
+Fx.Transition = function (transition, params) {
+    params = Array.from(params);
+    var easeIn = function (pos) {
+        return transition(pos, params);
+    };
+    return Object.append(easeIn, {
+        easeIn: easeIn,
+        easeOut: function (pos) {
+            return 1 - transition(1 - pos, params);
+        },
+        easeInOut: function (pos) {
+            return (pos <= 0.5 ? transition(2 * pos, params) : (2 - transition(2 * (1 - pos), params))) / 2;
+        }
+    });
+};
+
+Fx.Transitions = {
+
+    linear: function (zero) {
+        return zero;
+    }
+
+};
+
+//<1.2compat>
+
+Fx.Transitions = new Hash(Fx.Transitions);
+
+//</1.2compat>
+
+Fx.Transitions.extend = function (transitions) {
+    for (var transition in transitions) Fx.Transitions[transition] = new Fx.Transition(transitions[transition]);
+};
+
+Fx.Transitions.extend({
+
+    Pow: function (p, x) {
+        return Math.pow(p, x && x[0] || 6);
+    },
+
+    Expo: function (p) {
+        return Math.pow(2, 8 * (p - 1));
+    },
+
+    Circ: function (p) {
+        return 1 - Math.sin(Math.acos(p));
+    },
+
+    Sine: function (p) {
+        return 1 - Math.cos(p * Math.PI / 2);
+    },
+
+    Back: function (p, x) {
+        x = x && x[0] || 1.618;
+        return Math.pow(p, 2) * ((x + 1) * p - x);
+    },
+
+    Bounce: function (p) {
+        var value;
+        for (var a = 0, b = 1; 1; a += b, b /= 2) {
+            if (p >= (7 - 4 * a) / 11) {
+                value = b * b - Math.pow((11 - 6 * a - 11 * p) / 4, 2);
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+        return value;
+    },
+
+    Elastic: function (p, x) {
+        return Math.pow(2, 10 * --p) * Math.cos(20 * p * Math.PI * (x && x[0] || 1) / 3);
+    }
+
+});
+
+['Quad', 'Cubic', 'Quart', 'Quint'].each(function (transition, i) {
+    Fx.Transitions[transition] = new Fx.Transition(function (p) {
+        return Math.pow(p, i + 2);
+    });
+});
+
+
+/*
+---
+
+name: Request
+
+description: Powerful all purpose Request Class. Uses XMLHTTPRequest.
+
+license: MIT-style license.
+
+requires: [Object, Element, Chain, Events, Options, Browser]
+
+provides: Request
+
+...
+*/
+
+(function () {
+
+    var empty = function () { },
+        progressSupport = ('onprogress' in new Browser.Request);
+
+    var Request = this.Request = new Class({
+
+        Implements: [Chain, Events, Options],
+
+        options: {/*
+		onRequest: function(){},
+		onLoadstart: function(event, xhr){},
+		onProgress: function(event, xhr){},
+		onComplete: function(){},
+		onCancel: function(){},
+		onSuccess: function(responseText, responseXML){},
+		onFailure: function(xhr){},
+		onException: function(headerName, value){},
+		onTimeout: function(){},
+		user: '',
+		password: '',*/
+            url: '',
+            data: '',
+            headers: {
+                'X-Requested-With': 'XMLHttpRequest',
+                'Accept': 'text/javascript, text/html, application/xml, text/xml, */*'
+            },
+            async: true,
+            format: false,
+            method: 'post',
+            link: 'ignore',
+            isSuccess: null,
+            emulation: true,
+            urlEncoded: true,
+            encoding: 'utf-8',
+            evalScripts: false,
+            evalResponse: false,
+            timeout: 0,
+            noCache: false
+        },
+
+        initialize: function (options) {
+            this.xhr = new Browser.Request();
+            this.setOptions(options);
+            this.headers = this.options.headers;
+        },
+
+        onStateChange: function () {
+            var xhr = this.xhr;
+            if (xhr.readyState != 4 || !this.running) return;
+            this.running = false;
+            this.status = 0;
+            Function.attempt(function () {
+                var status = xhr.status;
+                this.status = (status == 1223) ? 204 : status;
+            }.bind(this));
+            xhr.onreadystatechange = empty;
+            if (progressSupport) xhr.onprogress = xhr.onloadstart = empty;
+            clearTimeout(this.timer);
+
+            this.response = { text: this.xhr.responseText || '', xml: this.xhr.responseXML };
+            if (this.options.isSuccess.call(this, this.status))
+                this.success(this.response.text, this.response.xml);
+            else
+                this.failure();
+        },
+
+        isSuccess: function () {
+            var status = this.status;
+            return (status >= 200 && status < 300);
+        },
+
+        isRunning: function () {
+            return !!this.running;
+        },
+
+        processScripts: function (text) {
+            if (this.options.evalResponse || (/(ecma|java)script/).test(this.getHeader('Content-type'))) return Browser.exec(text);
+            return text.stripScripts(this.options.evalScripts);
+        },
+
+        success: function (text, xml) {
+            this.onSuccess(this.processScripts(text), xml);
+        },
+
+        onSuccess: function () {
+            this.fireEvent('complete', arguments).fireEvent('success', arguments).callChain();
+        },
+
+        failure: function () {
+            this.onFailure();
+        },
+
+        onFailure: function () {
+            this.fireEvent('complete').fireEvent('failure', this.xhr);
+        },
+
+        loadstart: function (event) {
+            this.fireEvent('loadstart', [event, this.xhr]);
+        },
+
+        progress: function (event) {
+            this.fireEvent('progress', [event, this.xhr]);
+        },
+
+        timeout: function () {
+            this.fireEvent('timeout', this.xhr);
+        },
+
+        setHeader: function (name, value) {
+            this.headers[name] = value;
+            return this;
+        },
+
+        getHeader: function (name) {
+            return Function.attempt(function () {
+                return this.xhr.getResponseHeader(name);
+            }.bind(this));
+        },
+
+        check: function () {
+            if (!this.running) return true;
+            switch (this.options.link) {
+                case 'cancel': this.cancel(); return true;
+                case 'chain': this.chain(this.caller.pass(arguments, this)); return false;
+            }
+            return false;
+        },
+
+        send: function (options) {
+            if (!this.check(options)) return this;
+
+            this.options.isSuccess = this.options.isSuccess || this.isSuccess;
+            this.running = true;
+
+            var type = typeOf(options);
+            if (type == 'string' || type == 'element') options = { data: options };
+
+            var old = this.options;
+            options = Object.append({ data: old.data, url: old.url, method: old.method }, options);
+            var data = options.data, url = String(options.url), method = options.method.toLowerCase();
+
+            switch (typeOf(data)) {
+                case 'element': data = document.id(data).toQueryString(); break;
+                case 'object': case 'hash': data = Object.toQueryString(data);
+            }
+
+            if (this.options.format) {
+                var format = 'format=' + this.options.format;
+                data = (data) ? format + '&' + data : format;
+            }
+
+            if (this.options.emulation && !['get', 'post'].contains(method)) {
+                var _method = '_method=' + method;
+                data = (data) ? _method + '&' + data : _method;
+                method = 'post';
+            }
+
+            if (this.options.urlEncoded && ['post', 'put'].contains(method)) {
+                var encoding = (this.options.encoding) ? '; charset=' + this.options.encoding : '';
+                this.headers['Content-type'] = 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded' + encoding;
+            }
+
+            if (!url) url = document.location.pathname;
+
+            var trimPosition = url.lastIndexOf('/');
+            if (trimPosition > -1 && (trimPosition = url.indexOf('#')) > -1) url = url.substr(0, trimPosition);
+
+            if (this.options.noCache)
+                url += (url.contains('?') ? '&' : '?') + String.uniqueID();
+
+            if (data && method == 'get') {
+                url += (url.contains('?') ? '&' : '?') + data;
+                data = null;
+            }
+
+            var xhr = this.xhr;
+            if (progressSupport) {
+                xhr.onloadstart = this.loadstart.bind(this);
+                xhr.onprogress = this.progress.bind(this);
+            }
+
+            xhr.open(method.toUpperCase(), url, this.options.async, this.options.user, this.options.password);
+            if (this.options.user && 'withCredentials' in xhr) xhr.withCredentials = true;
+
+            xhr.onreadystatechange = this.onStateChange.bind(this);
+
+            Object.each(this.headers, function (value, key) {
+                try {
+                    xhr.setRequestHeader(key, value);
+                } catch (e) {
+                    this.fireEvent('exception', [key, value]);
+                }
+            }, this);
+
+            this.fireEvent('request');
+            xhr.send(data);
+            if (!this.options.async) this.onStateChange();
+            else if (this.options.timeout) this.timer = this.timeout.delay(this.options.timeout, this);
+            return this;
+        },
+
+        cancel: function () {
+            if (!this.running) return this;
+            this.running = false;
+            var xhr = this.xhr;
+            xhr.abort();
+            clearTimeout(this.timer);
+            xhr.onreadystatechange = empty;
+            if (progressSupport) xhr.onprogress = xhr.onloadstart = empty;
+            this.xhr = new Browser.Request();
+            this.fireEvent('cancel');
+            return this;
+        }
+
+    });
+
+    var methods = {};
+    ['get', 'post', 'put', 'delete', 'GET', 'POST', 'PUT', 'DELETE'].each(function (method) {
+        methods[method] = function (data) {
+            var object = {
+                method: method
+            };
+            if (data != null) object.data = data;
+            return this.send(object);
+        };
+    });
+
+    Request.implement(methods);
+
+    Element.Properties.send = {
+
+        set: function (options) {
+            var send = this.get('send').cancel();
+            send.setOptions(options);
+            return this;
+        },
+
+        get: function () {
+            var send = this.retrieve('send');
+            if (!send) {
+                send = new Request({
+                    data: this, link: 'cancel', method: this.get('method') || 'post', url: this.get('action')
+                });
+                this.store('send', send);
+            }
+            return send;
+        }
+
+    };
+
+    Element.implement({
+
+        send: function (url) {
+            var sender = this.get('send');
+            sender.send({ data: this, url: url || sender.options.url });
+            return this;
+        }
+
+    });
+
+})();
+
+
+/*
+---
+
+name: Request.HTML
+
+description: Extends the basic Request Class with additional methods for interacting with HTML responses.
+
+license: MIT-style license.
+
+requires: [Element, Request]
+
+provides: Request.HTML
+
+...
+*/
+
+Request.HTML = new Class({
+
+    Extends: Request,
+
+    options: {
+        update: false,
+        append: false,
+        evalScripts: true,
+        filter: false,
+        headers: {
+            Accept: 'text/html, application/xml, text/xml, */*'
+        }
+    },
+
+    success: function (text) {
+        var options = this.options, response = this.response;
+
+        response.html = text.stripScripts(function (script) {
+            response.javascript = script;
+        });
+
+        var match = response.html.match(/<body[^>]*>([\s\S]*?)<\/body>/i);
+        if (match) response.html = match[1];
+        var temp = new Element('div').set('html', response.html);
+
+        response.tree = temp.childNodes;
+        response.elements = temp.getElements(options.filter || '*');
+
+        if (options.filter) response.tree = response.elements;
+        if (options.update) {
+            var update = document.id(options.update).empty();
+            if (options.filter) update.adopt(response.elements);
+            else update.set('html', response.html);
+        } else if (options.append) {
+            var append = document.id(options.append);
+            if (options.filter) response.elements.reverse().inject(append);
+            else append.adopt(temp.getChildren());
+        }
+        if (options.evalScripts) Browser.exec(response.javascript);
+
+        this.onSuccess(response.tree, response.elements, response.html, response.javascript);
+    }
+
+});
+
+Element.Properties.load = {
+
+    set: function (options) {
+        var load = this.get('load').cancel();
+        load.setOptions(options);
+        return this;
+    },
+
+    get: function () {
+        var load = this.retrieve('load');
+        if (!load) {
+            load = new Request.HTML({ data: this, link: 'cancel', update: this, method: 'get' });
+            this.store('load', load);
+        }
+        return load;
+    }
+
+};
+
+Element.implement({
+
+    load: function () {
+        this.get('load').send(Array.link(arguments, { data: Type.isObject, url: Type.isString }));
+        return this;
+    }
+
+});
+
+
+/*
+---
+
+name: JSON
+
+description: JSON encoder and decoder.
+
+license: MIT-style license.
+
+SeeAlso: <http://www.json.org/>
+
+requires: [Array, String, Number, Function]
+
+provides: JSON
+
+...
+*/
+
+if (typeof JSON == 'undefined') this.JSON = {};
+
+//<1.2compat>
+
+JSON = new Hash({
+    stringify: JSON.stringify,
+    parse: JSON.parse
+});
+
+//</1.2compat>
+
+(function () {
+
+    var special = { '\b': '\\b', '\t': '\\t', '\n': '\\n', '\f': '\\f', '\r': '\\r', '"': '\\"', '\\': '\\\\' };
+
+    var escape = function (chr) {
+        return special[chr] || '\\u' + ('0000' + chr.charCodeAt(0).toString(16)).slice(-4);
+    };
+
+    JSON.validate = function (string) {
+        string = string.replace(/\\(?:["\\\/bfnrt]|u[0-9a-fA-F]{4})/g, '@').
+                        replace(/"[^"\\\n\r]*"|true|false|null|-?\d+(?:\.\d*)?(?:[eE][+\-]?\d+)?/g, ']').
+                        replace(/(?:^|:|,)(?:\s*\[)+/g, '');
+
+        return (/^[\],:{}\s]*$/).test(string);
+    };
+
+    JSON.encode = JSON.stringify ? function (obj) {
+        return JSON.stringify(obj);
+    } : function (obj) {
+        if (obj && obj.toJSON) obj = obj.toJSON();
+
+        switch (typeOf(obj)) {
+            case 'string':
+                return '"' + obj.replace(/[\x00-\x1f\\"]/g, escape) + '"';
+            case 'array':
+                return '[' + obj.map(JSON.encode).clean() + ']';
+            case 'object': case 'hash':
+                var string = [];
+                Object.each(obj, function (value, key) {
+                    var json = JSON.encode(value);
+                    if (json) string.push(JSON.encode(key) + ':' + json);
+                });
+                return '{' + string + '}';
+            case 'number': case 'boolean': return '' + obj;
+            case 'null': return 'null';
+        }
+
+        return null;
+    };
+
+    JSON.decode = function (string, secure) {
+        if (!string || typeOf(string) != 'string') return null;
+
+        if (secure || JSON.secure) {
+            if (JSON.parse) return JSON.parse(string);
+            if (!JSON.validate(string)) throw new Error('JSON could not decode the input; security is enabled and the value is not secure.');
+        }
+
+        return eval('(' + string + ')');
+    };
+
+})();
+
+
+/*
+---
+
+name: Request.JSON
+
+description: Extends the basic Request Class with additional methods for sending and receiving JSON data.
+
+license: MIT-style license.
+
+requires: [Request, JSON]
+
+provides: Request.JSON
+
+...
+*/
+
+Request.JSON = new Class({
+
+    Extends: Request,
+
+    options: {
+        /*onError: function(text, error){},*/
+        secure: true
+    },
+
+    initialize: function (options) {
+        this.parent(options);
+        Object.append(this.headers, {
+            'Accept': 'application/json',
+            'X-Request': 'JSON'
+        });
+    },
+
+    success: function (text) {
+        var json;
+        try {
+            json = this.response.json = JSON.decode(text, this.options.secure);
+        } catch (error) {
+            this.fireEvent('error', [text, error]);
+            return;
+        }
+        if (json == null) this.onFailure();
+        else this.onSuccess(json, text);
+    }
+
+});
+
+
+/*
+---
+
+name: Cookie
+
+description: Class for creating, reading, and deleting browser Cookies.
+
+license: MIT-style license.
+
+credits:
+  - Based on the functions by Peter-Paul Koch (http://quirksmode.org).
+
+requires: [Options, Browser]
+
+provides: Cookie
+
+...
+*/
+
+var Cookie = new Class({
+
+    Implements: Options,
+
+    options: {
+        path: '/',
+        domain: false,
+        duration: false,
+        secure: false,
+        document: document,
+        encode: true
+    },
+
+    initialize: function (key, options) {
+        this.key = key;
+        this.setOptions(options);
+    },
+
+    write: function (value) {
+        if (this.options.encode) value = encodeURIComponent(value);
+        if (this.options.domain) value += '; domain=' + this.options.domain;
+        if (this.options.path) value += '; path=' + this.options.path;
+        if (this.options.duration) {
+            var date = new Date();
+            date.setTime(date.getTime() + this.options.duration * 24 * 60 * 60 * 1000);
+            value += '; expires=' + date.toGMTString();
+        }
+        if (this.options.secure) value += '; secure';
+        this.options.document.cookie = this.key + '=' + value;
+        return this;
+    },
+
+    read: function () {
+        var value = this.options.document.cookie.match('(?:^|;)\\s*' + this.key.escapeRegExp() + '=([^;]*)');
+        return (value) ? decodeURIComponent(value[1]) : null;
+    },
+
+    dispose: function () {
+        new Cookie(this.key, Object.merge({}, this.options, { duration: -1 })).write('');
+        return this;
+    }
+
+});
+
+Cookie.write = function (key, value, options) {
+    return new Cookie(key, options).write(value);
+};
+
+Cookie.read = function (key) {
+    return new Cookie(key).read();
+};
+
+Cookie.dispose = function (key, options) {
+    return new Cookie(key, options).dispose();
+};
+
+
+/*
+---
+
+name: DOMReady
+
+description: Contains the custom event domready.
+
+license: MIT-style license.
+
+requires: [Browser, Element, Element.Event]
+
+provides: [DOMReady, DomReady]
+
+...
+*/
+
+(function (window, document) {
+
+    var ready,
+        loaded,
+        checks = [],
+        shouldPoll,
+        timer,
+        testElement = document.createElement('div');
+
+    var domready = function () {
+        clearTimeout(timer);
+        if (ready) return;
+        Browser.loaded = ready = true;
+        document.removeListener('DOMContentLoaded', domready).removeListener('readystatechange', check);
+
+        document.fireEvent('domready');
+        window.fireEvent('domready');
+    };
+
+    var check = function () {
+        for (var i = checks.length; i--;) if (checks[i]()) {
+            domready();
+            return true;
+        }
+        return false;
+    };
+
+    var poll = function () {
+        clearTimeout(timer);
+        if (!check()) timer = setTimeout(poll, 10);
+    };
+
+    document.addListener('DOMContentLoaded', domready);
+
+    /*<ltIE8>*/
+    // doScroll technique by Diego Perini http://javascript.nwbox.com/IEContentLoaded/
+    // testElement.doScroll() throws when the DOM is not ready, only in the top window
+    var doScrollWorks = function () {
+        try {
+            testElement.doScroll();
+            return true;
+        } catch (e) { }
+        return false;
+    };
+    // If doScroll works already, it can't be used to determine domready
+    //   e.g. in an iframe
+    if (testElement.doScroll && !doScrollWorks()) {
+        checks.push(doScrollWorks);
+        shouldPoll = true;
+    }
+    /*</ltIE8>*/
+
+    if (document.readyState) checks.push(function () {
+        var state = document.readyState;
+        return (state == 'loaded' || state == 'complete');
+    });
+
+    if ('onreadystatechange' in document) document.addListener('readystatechange', check);
+    else shouldPoll = true;
+
+    if (shouldPoll) poll();
+
+    Element.Events.domready = {
+        onAdd: function (fn) {
+            if (ready) fn.call(this);
+        }
+    };
+
+    // Make sure that domready fires before load
+    Element.Events.load = {
+        base: 'load',
+        onAdd: function (fn) {
+            if (loaded && this == window) fn.call(this);
+        },
+        condition: function () {
+            if (this == window) {
+                domready();
+                delete Element.Events.load;
+            }
+            return true;
+        }
+    };
+
+    // This is based on the custom load event
+    window.addEvent('load', function () {
+        loaded = true;
+    });
+
+})(window, document);
+
+
+/*
+---
+
+name: Swiff
+
+description: Wrapper for embedding SWF movies. Supports External Interface Communication.
+
+license: MIT-style license.
+
+credits:
+  - Flash detection & Internet Explorer + Flash Player 9 fix inspired by SWFObject.
+
+requires: [Options, Object, Element]
+
+provides: Swiff
+
+...
+*/
+
+(function () {
+
+    var Swiff = this.Swiff = new Class({
+
+        Implements: Options,
+
+        options: {
+            id: null,
+            height: 1,
+            width: 1,
+            container: null,
+            properties: {},
+            params: {
+                quality: 'high',
+                allowScriptAccess: 'always',
+                wMode: 'window',
+                swLiveConnect: true
+            },
+            callBacks: {},
+            vars: {}
+        },
+
+        toElement: function () {
+            return this.object;
+        },
+
+        initialize: function (path, options) {
+            this.instance = 'Swiff_' + String.uniqueID();
+
+            this.setOptions(options);
+            options = this.options;
+            var id = this.id = options.id || this.instance;
+            var container = document.id(options.container);
+
+            Swiff.CallBacks[this.instance] = {};
+
+            var params = options.params, vars = options.vars, callBacks = options.callBacks;
+            var properties = Object.append({ height: options.height, width: options.width }, options.properties);
+
+            var self = this;
+
+            for (var callBack in callBacks) {
+                Swiff.CallBacks[this.instance][callBack] = (function (option) {
+                    return function () {
+                        return option.apply(self.object, arguments);
+                    };
+                })(callBacks[callBack]);
+                vars[callBack] = 'Swiff.CallBacks.' + this.instance + '.' + callBack;
+            }
+
+            params.flashVars = Object.toQueryString(vars);
+            if (Browser.ie) {
+                properties.classid = 'clsid:D27CDB6E-AE6D-11cf-96B8-444553540000';
+                params.movie = path;
+            } else {
+                properties.type = 'application/x-shockwave-flash';
+            }
+            properties.data = path;
+
+            var build = '<object id="' + id + '"';
+            for (var property in properties) build += ' ' + property + '="' + properties[property] + '"';
+            build += '>';
+            for (var param in params) {
+                if (params[param]) build += '<param name="' + param + '" value="' + params[param] + '" />';
+            }
+            build += '</object>';
+            this.object = ((container) ? container.empty() : new Element('div')).set('html', build).firstChild;
+        },
+
+        replaces: function (element) {
+            element = document.id(element, true);
+            element.parentNode.replaceChild(this.toElement(), element);
+            return this;
+        },
+
+        inject: function (element) {
+            document.id(element, true).appendChild(this.toElement());
+            return this;
+        },
+
+        remote: function () {
+            return Swiff.remote.apply(Swiff, [this.toElement()].append(arguments));
+        }
+
+    });
+
+    Swiff.CallBacks = {};
+
+    Swiff.remote = function (obj, fn) {
+        var rs = obj.CallFunction('<invoke name="' + fn + '" returntype="javascript">' + __flash__argumentsToXML(arguments, 2) + '</invoke>');
+        return eval(rs);
+    };
+
+})();

Jint.Tests/Parser/Scripts/underscore.js

@@ -0,0 +1,1276 @@
+//     Underscore.js 1.5.2
+//     http://underscorejs.org
+//     (c) 2009-2013 Jeremy Ashkenas, DocumentCloud and Investigative Reporters & Editors
+//     Underscore may be freely distributed under the MIT license.
+
+(function () {
+
+    // Baseline setup
+    // --------------
+
+    // Establish the root object, `window` in the browser, or `exports` on the server.
+    var root = this;
+
+    // Save the previous value of the `_` variable.
+    var previousUnderscore = root._;
+
+    // Establish the object that gets returned to break out of a loop iteration.
+    var breaker = {};
+
+    // Save bytes in the minified (but not gzipped) version:
+    var ArrayProto = Array.prototype, ObjProto = Object.prototype, FuncProto = Function.prototype;
+
+    // Create quick reference variables for speed access to core prototypes.
+    var
+      push = ArrayProto.push,
+      slice = ArrayProto.slice,
+      concat = ArrayProto.concat,
+      toString = ObjProto.toString,
+      hasOwnProperty = ObjProto.hasOwnProperty;
+
+    // All **ECMAScript 5** native function implementations that we hope to use
+    // are declared here.
+    var
+      nativeForEach = ArrayProto.forEach,
+      nativeMap = ArrayProto.map,
+      nativeReduce = ArrayProto.reduce,
+      nativeReduceRight = ArrayProto.reduceRight,
+      nativeFilter = ArrayProto.filter,
+      nativeEvery = ArrayProto.every,
+      nativeSome = ArrayProto.some,
+      nativeIndexOf = ArrayProto.indexOf,
+      nativeLastIndexOf = ArrayProto.lastIndexOf,
+      nativeIsArray = Array.isArray,
+      nativeKeys = Object.keys,
+      nativeBind = FuncProto.bind;
+
+    // Create a safe reference to the Underscore object for use below.
+    var _ = function (obj) {
+        if (obj instanceof _) return obj;
+        if (!(this instanceof _)) return new _(obj);
+        this._wrapped = obj;
+    };
+
+    // Export the Underscore object for **Node.js**, with
+    // backwards-compatibility for the old `require()` API. If we're in
+    // the browser, add `_` as a global object via a string identifier,
+    // for Closure Compiler "advanced" mode.
+    if (typeof exports !== 'undefined') {
+        if (typeof module !== 'undefined' && module.exports) {
+            exports = module.exports = _;
+        }
+        exports._ = _;
+    } else {
+        root._ = _;
+    }
+
+    // Current version.
+    _.VERSION = '1.5.2';
+
+    // Collection Functions
+    // --------------------
+
+    // The cornerstone, an `each` implementation, aka `forEach`.
+    // Handles objects with the built-in `forEach`, arrays, and raw objects.
+    // Delegates to **ECMAScript 5**'s native `forEach` if available.
+    var each = _.each = _.forEach = function (obj, iterator, context) {
+        if (obj == null) return;
+        if (nativeForEach && obj.forEach === nativeForEach) {
+            obj.forEach(iterator, context);
+        } else if (obj.length === +obj.length) {
+            for (var i = 0, length = obj.length; i < length; i++) {
+                if (iterator.call(context, obj[i], i, obj) === breaker) return;
+            }
+        } else {
+            var keys = _.keys(obj);
+            for (var i = 0, length = keys.length; i < length; i++) {
+                if (iterator.call(context, obj[keys[i]], keys[i], obj) === breaker) return;
+            }
+        }
+    };
+
+    // Return the results of applying the iterator to each element.
+    // Delegates to **ECMAScript 5**'s native `map` if available.
+    _.map = _.collect = function (obj, iterator, context) {
+        var results = [];
+        if (obj == null) return results;
+        if (nativeMap && obj.map === nativeMap) return obj.map(iterator, context);
+        each(obj, function (value, index, list) {
+            results.push(iterator.call(context, value, index, list));
+        });
+        return results;
+    };
+
+    var reduceError = 'Reduce of empty array with no initial value';
+
+    // **Reduce** builds up a single result from a list of values, aka `inject`,
+    // or `foldl`. Delegates to **ECMAScript 5**'s native `reduce` if available.
+    _.reduce = _.foldl = _.inject = function (obj, iterator, memo, context) {
+        var initial = arguments.length > 2;
+        if (obj == null) obj = [];
+        if (nativeReduce && obj.reduce === nativeReduce) {
+            if (context) iterator = _.bind(iterator, context);
+            return initial ? obj.reduce(iterator, memo) : obj.reduce(iterator);
+        }
+        each(obj, function (value, index, list) {
+            if (!initial) {
+                memo = value;
+                initial = true;
+            } else {
+                memo = iterator.call(context, memo, value, index, list);
+            }
+        });
+        if (!initial) throw new TypeError(reduceError);
+        return memo;
+    };
+
+    // The right-associative version of reduce, also known as `foldr`.
+    // Delegates to **ECMAScript 5**'s native `reduceRight` if available.
+    _.reduceRight = _.foldr = function (obj, iterator, memo, context) {
+        var initial = arguments.length > 2;
+        if (obj == null) obj = [];
+        if (nativeReduceRight && obj.reduceRight === nativeReduceRight) {
+            if (context) iterator = _.bind(iterator, context);
+            return initial ? obj.reduceRight(iterator, memo) : obj.reduceRight(iterator);
+        }
+        var length = obj.length;
+        if (length !== +length) {
+            var keys = _.keys(obj);
+            length = keys.length;
+        }
+        each(obj, function (value, index, list) {
+            index = keys ? keys[--length] : --length;
+            if (!initial) {
+                memo = obj[index];
+                initial = true;
+            } else {
+                memo = iterator.call(context, memo, obj[index], index, list);
+            }
+        });
+        if (!initial) throw new TypeError(reduceError);
+        return memo;
+    };
+
+    // Return the first value which passes a truth test. Aliased as `detect`.
+    _.find = _.detect = function (obj, iterator, context) {
+        var result;
+        any(obj, function (value, index, list) {
+            if (iterator.call(context, value, index, list)) {
+                result = value;
+                return true;
+            }
+        });
+        return result;
+    };
+
+    // Return all the elements that pass a truth test.
+    // Delegates to **ECMAScript 5**'s native `filter` if available.
+    // Aliased as `select`.
+    _.filter = _.select = function (obj, iterator, context) {
+        var results = [];
+        if (obj == null) return results;
+        if (nativeFilter && obj.filter === nativeFilter) return obj.filter(iterator, context);
+        each(obj, function (value, index, list) {
+            if (iterator.call(context, value, index, list)) results.push(value);
+        });
+        return results;
+    };
+
+    // Return all the elements for which a truth test fails.
+    _.reject = function (obj, iterator, context) {
+        return _.filter(obj, function (value, index, list) {
+            return !iterator.call(context, value, index, list);
+        }, context);
+    };
+
+    // Determine whether all of the elements match a truth test.
+    // Delegates to **ECMAScript 5**'s native `every` if available.
+    // Aliased as `all`.
+    _.every = _.all = function (obj, iterator, context) {
+        iterator || (iterator = _.identity);
+        var result = true;
+        if (obj == null) return result;
+        if (nativeEvery && obj.every === nativeEvery) return obj.every(iterator, context);
+        each(obj, function (value, index, list) {
+            if (!(result = result && iterator.call(context, value, index, list))) return breaker;
+        });
+        return !!result;
+    };
+
+    // Determine if at least one element in the object matches a truth test.
+    // Delegates to **ECMAScript 5**'s native `some` if available.
+    // Aliased as `any`.
+    var any = _.some = _.any = function (obj, iterator, context) {
+        iterator || (iterator = _.identity);
+        var result = false;
+        if (obj == null) return result;
+        if (nativeSome && obj.some === nativeSome) return obj.some(iterator, context);
+        each(obj, function (value, index, list) {
+            if (result || (result = iterator.call(context, value, index, list))) return breaker;
+        });
+        return !!result;
+    };
+
+    // Determine if the array or object contains a given value (using `===`).
+    // Aliased as `include`.
+    _.contains = _.include = function (obj, target) {
+        if (obj == null) return false;
+        if (nativeIndexOf && obj.indexOf === nativeIndexOf) return obj.indexOf(target) != -1;
+        return any(obj, function (value) {
+            return value === target;
+        });
+    };
+
+    // Invoke a method (with arguments) on every item in a collection.
+    _.invoke = function (obj, method) {
+        var args = slice.call(arguments, 2);
+        var isFunc = _.isFunction(method);
+        return _.map(obj, function (value) {
+            return (isFunc ? method : value[method]).apply(value, args);
+        });
+    };
+
+    // Convenience version of a common use case of `map`: fetching a property.
+    _.pluck = function (obj, key) {
+        return _.map(obj, function (value) { return value[key]; });
+    };
+
+    // Convenience version of a common use case of `filter`: selecting only objects
+    // containing specific `key:value` pairs.
+    _.where = function (obj, attrs, first) {
+        if (_.isEmpty(attrs)) return first ? void 0 : [];
+        return _[first ? 'find' : 'filter'](obj, function (value) {
+            for (var key in attrs) {
+                if (attrs[key] !== value[key]) return false;
+            }
+            return true;
+        });
+    };
+
+    // Convenience version of a common use case of `find`: getting the first object
+    // containing specific `key:value` pairs.
+    _.findWhere = function (obj, attrs) {
+        return _.where(obj, attrs, true);
+    };
+
+    // Return the maximum element or (element-based computation).
+    // Can't optimize arrays of integers longer than 65,535 elements.
+    // See [WebKit Bug 80797](https://bugs.webkit.org/show_bug.cgi?id=80797)
+    _.max = function (obj, iterator, context) {
+        if (!iterator && _.isArray(obj) && obj[0] === +obj[0] && obj.length < 65535) {
+            return Math.max.apply(Math, obj);
+        }
+        if (!iterator && _.isEmpty(obj)) return -Infinity;
+        var result = { computed: -Infinity, value: -Infinity };
+        each(obj, function (value, index, list) {
+            var computed = iterator ? iterator.call(context, value, index, list) : value;
+            computed > result.computed && (result = { value: value, computed: computed });
+        });
+        return result.value;
+    };
+
+    // Return the minimum element (or element-based computation).
+    _.min = function (obj, iterator, context) {
+        if (!iterator && _.isArray(obj) && obj[0] === +obj[0] && obj.length < 65535) {
+            return Math.min.apply(Math, obj);
+        }
+        if (!iterator && _.isEmpty(obj)) return Infinity;
+        var result = { computed: Infinity, value: Infinity };
+        each(obj, function (value, index, list) {
+            var computed = iterator ? iterator.call(context, value, index, list) : value;
+            computed < result.computed && (result = { value: value, computed: computed });
+        });
+        return result.value;
+    };
+
+    // Shuffle an array, using the modern version of the 
+    // [Fisher-Yates shuffle](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fisher–Yates_shuffle).
+    _.shuffle = function (obj) {
+        var rand;
+        var index = 0;
+        var shuffled = [];
+        each(obj, function (value) {
+            rand = _.random(index++);
+            shuffled[index - 1] = shuffled[rand];
+            shuffled[rand] = value;
+        });
+        return shuffled;
+    };
+
+    // Sample **n** random values from an array.
+    // If **n** is not specified, returns a single random element from the array.
+    // The internal `guard` argument allows it to work with `map`.
+    _.sample = function (obj, n, guard) {
+        if (arguments.length < 2 || guard) {
+            return obj[_.random(obj.length - 1)];
+        }
+        return _.shuffle(obj).slice(0, Math.max(0, n));
+    };
+
+    // An internal function to generate lookup iterators.
+    var lookupIterator = function (value) {
+        return _.isFunction(value) ? value : function (obj) { return obj[value]; };
+    };
+
+    // Sort the object's values by a criterion produced by an iterator.
+    _.sortBy = function (obj, value, context) {
+        var iterator = lookupIterator(value);
+        return _.pluck(_.map(obj, function (value, index, list) {
+            return {
+                value: value,
+                index: index,
+                criteria: iterator.call(context, value, index, list)
+            };
+        }).sort(function (left, right) {
+            var a = left.criteria;
+            var b = right.criteria;
+            if (a !== b) {
+                if (a > b || a === void 0) return 1;
+                if (a < b || b === void 0) return -1;
+            }
+            return left.index - right.index;
+        }), 'value');
+    };
+
+    // An internal function used for aggregate "group by" operations.
+    var group = function (behavior) {
+        return function (obj, value, context) {
+            var result = {};
+            var iterator = value == null ? _.identity : lookupIterator(value);
+            each(obj, function (value, index) {
+                var key = iterator.call(context, value, index, obj);
+                behavior(result, key, value);
+            });
+            return result;
+        };
+    };
+
+    // Groups the object's values by a criterion. Pass either a string attribute
+    // to group by, or a function that returns the criterion.
+    _.groupBy = group(function (result, key, value) {
+        (_.has(result, key) ? result[key] : (result[key] = [])).push(value);
+    });
+
+    // Indexes the object's values by a criterion, similar to `groupBy`, but for
+    // when you know that your index values will be unique.
+    _.indexBy = group(function (result, key, value) {
+        result[key] = value;
+    });
+
+    // Counts instances of an object that group by a certain criterion. Pass
+    // either a string attribute to count by, or a function that returns the
+    // criterion.
+    _.countBy = group(function (result, key) {
+        _.has(result, key) ? result[key]++ : result[key] = 1;
+    });
+
+    // Use a comparator function to figure out the smallest index at which
+    // an object should be inserted so as to maintain order. Uses binary search.
+    _.sortedIndex = function (array, obj, iterator, context) {
+        iterator = iterator == null ? _.identity : lookupIterator(iterator);
+        var value = iterator.call(context, obj);
+        var low = 0, high = array.length;
+        while (low < high) {
+            var mid = (low + high) >>> 1;
+            iterator.call(context, array[mid]) < value ? low = mid + 1 : high = mid;
+        }
+        return low;
+    };
+
+    // Safely create a real, live array from anything iterable.
+    _.toArray = function (obj) {
+        if (!obj) return [];
+        if (_.isArray(obj)) return slice.call(obj);
+        if (obj.length === +obj.length) return _.map(obj, _.identity);
+        return _.values(obj);
+    };
+
+    // Return the number of elements in an object.
+    _.size = function (obj) {
+        if (obj == null) return 0;
+        return (obj.length === +obj.length) ? obj.length : _.keys(obj).length;
+    };
+
+    // Array Functions
+    // ---------------
+
+    // Get the first element of an array. Passing **n** will return the first N
+    // values in the array. Aliased as `head` and `take`. The **guard** check
+    // allows it to work with `_.map`.
+    _.first = _.head = _.take = function (array, n, guard) {
+        if (array == null) return void 0;
+        return (n == null) || guard ? array[0] : slice.call(array, 0, n);
+    };
+
+    // Returns everything but the last entry of the array. Especially useful on
+    // the arguments object. Passing **n** will return all the values in
+    // the array, excluding the last N. The **guard** check allows it to work with
+    // `_.map`.
+    _.initial = function (array, n, guard) {
+        return slice.call(array, 0, array.length - ((n == null) || guard ? 1 : n));
+    };
+
+    // Get the last element of an array. Passing **n** will return the last N
+    // values in the array. The **guard** check allows it to work with `_.map`.
+    _.last = function (array, n, guard) {
+        if (array == null) return void 0;
+        if ((n == null) || guard) {
+            return array[array.length - 1];
+        } else {
+            return slice.call(array, Math.max(array.length - n, 0));
+        }
+    };
+
+    // Returns everything but the first entry of the array. Aliased as `tail` and `drop`.
+    // Especially useful on the arguments object. Passing an **n** will return
+    // the rest N values in the array. The **guard**
+    // check allows it to work with `_.map`.
+    _.rest = _.tail = _.drop = function (array, n, guard) {
+        return slice.call(array, (n == null) || guard ? 1 : n);
+    };
+
+    // Trim out all falsy values from an array.
+    _.compact = function (array) {
+        return _.filter(array, _.identity);
+    };
+
+    // Internal implementation of a recursive `flatten` function.
+    var flatten = function (input, shallow, output) {
+        if (shallow && _.every(input, _.isArray)) {
+            return concat.apply(output, input);
+        }
+        each(input, function (value) {
+            if (_.isArray(value) || _.isArguments(value)) {
+                shallow ? push.apply(output, value) : flatten(value, shallow, output);
+            } else {
+                output.push(value);
+            }
+        });
+        return output;
+    };
+
+    // Flatten out an array, either recursively (by default), or just one level.
+    _.flatten = function (array, shallow) {
+        return flatten(array, shallow, []);
+    };
+
+    // Return a version of the array that does not contain the specified value(s).
+    _.without = function (array) {
+        return _.difference(array, slice.call(arguments, 1));
+    };
+
+    // Produce a duplicate-free version of the array. If the array has already
+    // been sorted, you have the option of using a faster algorithm.
+    // Aliased as `unique`.
+    _.uniq = _.unique = function (array, isSorted, iterator, context) {
+        if (_.isFunction(isSorted)) {
+            context = iterator;
+            iterator = isSorted;
+            isSorted = false;
+        }
+        var initial = iterator ? _.map(array, iterator, context) : array;
+        var results = [];
+        var seen = [];
+        each(initial, function (value, index) {
+            if (isSorted ? (!index || seen[seen.length - 1] !== value) : !_.contains(seen, value)) {
+                seen.push(value);
+                results.push(array[index]);
+            }
+        });
+        return results;
+    };
+
+    // Produce an array that contains the union: each distinct element from all of
+    // the passed-in arrays.
+    _.union = function () {
+        return _.uniq(_.flatten(arguments, true));
+    };
+
+    // Produce an array that contains every item shared between all the
+    // passed-in arrays.
+    _.intersection = function (array) {
+        var rest = slice.call(arguments, 1);
+        return _.filter(_.uniq(array), function (item) {
+            return _.every(rest, function (other) {
+                return _.indexOf(other, item) >= 0;
+            });
+        });
+    };
+
+    // Take the difference between one array and a number of other arrays.
+    // Only the elements present in just the first array will remain.
+    _.difference = function (array) {
+        var rest = concat.apply(ArrayProto, slice.call(arguments, 1));
+        return _.filter(array, function (value) { return !_.contains(rest, value); });
+    };
+
+    // Zip together multiple lists into a single array -- elements that share
+    // an index go together.
+    _.zip = function () {
+        var length = _.max(_.pluck(arguments, "length").concat(0));
+        var results = new Array(length);
+        for (var i = 0; i < length; i++) {
+            results[i] = _.pluck(arguments, '' + i);
+        }
+        return results;
+    };
+
+    // Converts lists into objects. Pass either a single array of `[key, value]`
+    // pairs, or two parallel arrays of the same length -- one of keys, and one of
+    // the corresponding values.
+    _.object = function (list, values) {
+        if (list == null) return {};
+        var result = {};
+        for (var i = 0, length = list.length; i < length; i++) {
+            if (values) {
+                result[list[i]] = values[i];
+            } else {
+                result[list[i][0]] = list[i][1];
+            }
+        }
+        return result;
+    };
+
+    // If the browser doesn't supply us with indexOf (I'm looking at you, **MSIE**),
+    // we need this function. Return the position of the first occurrence of an
+    // item in an array, or -1 if the item is not included in the array.
+    // Delegates to **ECMAScript 5**'s native `indexOf` if available.
+    // If the array is large and already in sort order, pass `true`
+    // for **isSorted** to use binary search.
+    _.indexOf = function (array, item, isSorted) {
+        if (array == null) return -1;
+        var i = 0, length = array.length;
+        if (isSorted) {
+            if (typeof isSorted == 'number') {
+                i = (isSorted < 0 ? Math.max(0, length + isSorted) : isSorted);
+            } else {
+                i = _.sortedIndex(array, item);
+                return array[i] === item ? i : -1;
+            }
+        }
+        if (nativeIndexOf && array.indexOf === nativeIndexOf) return array.indexOf(item, isSorted);
+        for (; i < length; i++) if (array[i] === item) return i;
+        return -1;
+    };
+
+    // Delegates to **ECMAScript 5**'s native `lastIndexOf` if available.
+    _.lastIndexOf = function (array, item, from) {
+        if (array == null) return -1;
+        var hasIndex = from != null;
+        if (nativeLastIndexOf && array.lastIndexOf === nativeLastIndexOf) {
+            return hasIndex ? array.lastIndexOf(item, from) : array.lastIndexOf(item);
+        }
+        var i = (hasIndex ? from : array.length);
+        while (i--) if (array[i] === item) return i;
+        return -1;
+    };
+
+    // Generate an integer Array containing an arithmetic progression. A port of
+    // the native Python `range()` function. See
+    // [the Python documentation](http://docs.python.org/library/functions.html#range).
+    _.range = function (start, stop, step) {
+        if (arguments.length <= 1) {
+            stop = start || 0;
+            start = 0;
+        }
+        step = arguments[2] || 1;
+
+        var length = Math.max(Math.ceil((stop - start) / step), 0);
+        var idx = 0;
+        var range = new Array(length);
+
+        while (idx < length) {
+            range[idx++] = start;
+            start += step;
+        }
+
+        return range;
+    };
+
+    // Function (ahem) Functions
+    // ------------------
+
+    // Reusable constructor function for prototype setting.
+    var ctor = function () { };
+
+    // Create a function bound to a given object (assigning `this`, and arguments,
+    // optionally). Delegates to **ECMAScript 5**'s native `Function.bind` if
+    // available.
+    _.bind = function (func, context) {
+        var args, bound;
+        if (nativeBind && func.bind === nativeBind) return nativeBind.apply(func, slice.call(arguments, 1));
+        if (!_.isFunction(func)) throw new TypeError;
+        args = slice.call(arguments, 2);
+        return bound = function () {
+            if (!(this instanceof bound)) return func.apply(context, args.concat(slice.call(arguments)));
+            ctor.prototype = func.prototype;
+            var self = new ctor;
+            ctor.prototype = null;
+            var result = func.apply(self, args.concat(slice.call(arguments)));
+            if (Object(result) === result) return result;
+            return self;
+        };
+    };
+
+    // Partially apply a function by creating a version that has had some of its
+    // arguments pre-filled, without changing its dynamic `this` context.
+    _.partial = function (func) {
+        var args = slice.call(arguments, 1);
+        return function () {
+            return func.apply(this, args.concat(slice.call(arguments)));
+        };
+    };
+
+    // Bind all of an object's methods to that object. Useful for ensuring that
+    // all callbacks defined on an object belong to it.
+    _.bindAll = function (obj) {
+        var funcs = slice.call(arguments, 1);
+        if (funcs.length === 0) throw new Error("bindAll must be passed function names");
+        each(funcs, function (f) { obj[f] = _.bind(obj[f], obj); });
+        return obj;
+    };
+
+    // Memoize an expensive function by storing its results.
+    _.memoize = function (func, hasher) {
+        var memo = {};
+        hasher || (hasher = _.identity);
+        return function () {
+            var key = hasher.apply(this, arguments);
+            return _.has(memo, key) ? memo[key] : (memo[key] = func.apply(this, arguments));
+        };
+    };
+
+    // Delays a function for the given number of milliseconds, and then calls
+    // it with the arguments supplied.
+    _.delay = function (func, wait) {
+        var args = slice.call(arguments, 2);
+        return setTimeout(function () { return func.apply(null, args); }, wait);
+    };
+
+    // Defers a function, scheduling it to run after the current call stack has
+    // cleared.
+    _.defer = function (func) {
+        return _.delay.apply(_, [func, 1].concat(slice.call(arguments, 1)));
+    };
+
+    // Returns a function, that, when invoked, will only be triggered at most once
+    // during a given window of time. Normally, the throttled function will run
+    // as much as it can, without ever going more than once per `wait` duration;
+    // but if you'd like to disable the execution on the leading edge, pass
+    // `{leading: false}`. To disable execution on the trailing edge, ditto.
+    _.throttle = function (func, wait, options) {
+        var context, args, result;
+        var timeout = null;
+        var previous = 0;
+        options || (options = {});
+        var later = function () {
+            previous = options.leading === false ? 0 : new Date;
+            timeout = null;
+            result = func.apply(context, args);
+        };
+        return function () {
+            var now = new Date;
+            if (!previous && options.leading === false) previous = now;
+            var remaining = wait - (now - previous);
+            context = this;
+            args = arguments;
+            if (remaining <= 0) {
+                clearTimeout(timeout);
+                timeout = null;
+                previous = now;
+                result = func.apply(context, args);
+            } else if (!timeout && options.trailing !== false) {
+                timeout = setTimeout(later, remaining);
+            }
+            return result;
+        };
+    };
+
+    // Returns a function, that, as long as it continues to be invoked, will not
+    // be triggered. The function will be called after it stops being called for
+    // N milliseconds. If `immediate` is passed, trigger the function on the
+    // leading edge, instead of the trailing.
+    _.debounce = function (func, wait, immediate) {
+        var timeout, args, context, timestamp, result;
+        return function () {
+            context = this;
+            args = arguments;
+            timestamp = new Date();
+            var later = function () {
+                var last = (new Date()) - timestamp;
+                if (last < wait) {
+                    timeout = setTimeout(later, wait - last);
+                } else {
+                    timeout = null;
+                    if (!immediate) result = func.apply(context, args);
+                }
+            };
+            var callNow = immediate && !timeout;
+            if (!timeout) {
+                timeout = setTimeout(later, wait);
+            }
+            if (callNow) result = func.apply(context, args);
+            return result;
+        };
+    };
+
+    // Returns a function that will be executed at most one time, no matter how
+    // often you call it. Useful for lazy initialization.
+    _.once = function (func) {
+        var ran = false, memo;
+        return function () {
+            if (ran) return memo;
+            ran = true;
+            memo = func.apply(this, arguments);
+            func = null;
+            return memo;
+        };
+    };
+
+    // Returns the first function passed as an argument to the second,
+    // allowing you to adjust arguments, run code before and after, and
+    // conditionally execute the original function.
+    _.wrap = function (func, wrapper) {
+        return function () {
+            var args = [func];
+            push.apply(args, arguments);
+            return wrapper.apply(this, args);
+        };
+    };
+
+    // Returns a function that is the composition of a list of functions, each
+    // consuming the return value of the function that follows.
+    _.compose = function () {
+        var funcs = arguments;
+        return function () {
+            var args = arguments;
+            for (var i = funcs.length - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
+                args = [funcs[i].apply(this, args)];
+            }
+            return args[0];
+        };
+    };
+
+    // Returns a function that will only be executed after being called N times.
+    _.after = function (times, func) {
+        return function () {
+            if (--times < 1) {
+                return func.apply(this, arguments);
+            }
+        };
+    };
+
+    // Object Functions
+    // ----------------
+
+    // Retrieve the names of an object's properties.
+    // Delegates to **ECMAScript 5**'s native `Object.keys`
+    _.keys = nativeKeys || function (obj) {
+        if (obj !== Object(obj)) throw new TypeError('Invalid object');
+        var keys = [];
+        for (var key in obj) if (_.has(obj, key)) keys.push(key);
+        return keys;
+    };
+
+    // Retrieve the values of an object's properties.
+    _.values = function (obj) {
+        var keys = _.keys(obj);
+        var length = keys.length;
+        var values = new Array(length);
+        for (var i = 0; i < length; i++) {
+            values[i] = obj[keys[i]];
+        }
+        return values;
+    };
+
+    // Convert an object into a list of `[key, value]` pairs.
+    _.pairs = function (obj) {
+        var keys = _.keys(obj);
+        var length = keys.length;
+        var pairs = new Array(length);
+        for (var i = 0; i < length; i++) {
+            pairs[i] = [keys[i], obj[keys[i]]];
+        }
+        return pairs;
+    };
+
+    // Invert the keys and values of an object. The values must be serializable.
+    _.invert = function (obj) {
+        var result = {};
+        var keys = _.keys(obj);
+        for (var i = 0, length = keys.length; i < length; i++) {
+            result[obj[keys[i]]] = keys[i];
+        }
+        return result;
+    };
+
+    // Return a sorted list of the function names available on the object.
+    // Aliased as `methods`
+    _.functions = _.methods = function (obj) {
+        var names = [];
+        for (var key in obj) {
+            if (_.isFunction(obj[key])) names.push(key);
+        }
+        return names.sort();
+    };
+
+    // Extend a given object with all the properties in passed-in object(s).
+    _.extend = function (obj) {
+        each(slice.call(arguments, 1), function (source) {
+            if (source) {
+                for (var prop in source) {
+                    obj[prop] = source[prop];
+                }
+            }
+        });
+        return obj;
+    };
+
+    // Return a copy of the object only containing the whitelisted properties.
+    _.pick = function (obj) {
+        var copy = {};
+        var keys = concat.apply(ArrayProto, slice.call(arguments, 1));
+        each(keys, function (key) {
+            if (key in obj) copy[key] = obj[key];
+        });
+        return copy;
+    };
+
+    // Return a copy of the object without the blacklisted properties.
+    _.omit = function (obj) {
+        var copy = {};
+        var keys = concat.apply(ArrayProto, slice.call(arguments, 1));
+        for (var key in obj) {
+            if (!_.contains(keys, key)) copy[key] = obj[key];
+        }
+        return copy;
+    };
+
+    // Fill in a given object with default properties.
+    _.defaults = function (obj) {
+        each(slice.call(arguments, 1), function (source) {
+            if (source) {
+                for (var prop in source) {
+                    if (obj[prop] === void 0) obj[prop] = source[prop];
+                }
+            }
+        });
+        return obj;
+    };
+
+    // Create a (shallow-cloned) duplicate of an object.
+    _.clone = function (obj) {
+        if (!_.isObject(obj)) return obj;
+        return _.isArray(obj) ? obj.slice() : _.extend({}, obj);
+    };
+
+    // Invokes interceptor with the obj, and then returns obj.
+    // The primary purpose of this method is to "tap into" a method chain, in
+    // order to perform operations on intermediate results within the chain.
+    _.tap = function (obj, interceptor) {
+        interceptor(obj);
+        return obj;
+    };
+
+    // Internal recursive comparison function for `isEqual`.
+    var eq = function (a, b, aStack, bStack) {
+        // Identical objects are equal. `0 === -0`, but they aren't identical.
+        // See the [Harmony `egal` proposal](http://wiki.ecmascript.org/doku.php?id=harmony:egal).
+        if (a === b) return a !== 0 || 1 / a == 1 / b;
+        // A strict comparison is necessary because `null == undefined`.
+        if (a == null || b == null) return a === b;
+        // Unwrap any wrapped objects.
+        if (a instanceof _) a = a._wrapped;
+        if (b instanceof _) b = b._wrapped;
+        // Compare `[[Class]]` names.
+        var className = toString.call(a);
+        if (className != toString.call(b)) return false;
+        switch (className) {
+            // Strings, numbers, dates, and booleans are compared by value.
+            case '[object String]':
+                // Primitives and their corresponding object wrappers are equivalent; thus, `"5"` is
+                // equivalent to `new String("5")`.
+                return a == String(b);
+            case '[object Number]':
+                // `NaN`s are equivalent, but non-reflexive. An `egal` comparison is performed for
+                // other numeric values.
+                return a != +a ? b != +b : (a == 0 ? 1 / a == 1 / b : a == +b);
+            case '[object Date]':
+            case '[object Boolean]':
+                // Coerce dates and booleans to numeric primitive values. Dates are compared by their
+                // millisecond representations. Note that invalid dates with millisecond representations
+                // of `NaN` are not equivalent.
+                return +a == +b;
+                // RegExps are compared by their source patterns and flags.
+            case '[object RegExp]':
+                return a.source == b.source &&
+                       a.global == b.global &&
+                       a.multiline == b.multiline &&
+                       a.ignoreCase == b.ignoreCase;
+        }
+        if (typeof a != 'object' || typeof b != 'object') return false;
+        // Assume equality for cyclic structures. The algorithm for detecting cyclic
+        // structures is adapted from ES 5.1 section 15.12.3, abstract operation `JO`.
+        var length = aStack.length;
+        while (length--) {
+            // Linear search. Performance is inversely proportional to the number of
+            // unique nested structures.
+            if (aStack[length] == a) return bStack[length] == b;
+        }
+        // Objects with different constructors are not equivalent, but `Object`s
+        // from different frames are.
+        var aCtor = a.constructor, bCtor = b.constructor;
+        if (aCtor !== bCtor && !(_.isFunction(aCtor) && (aCtor instanceof aCtor) &&
+                                 _.isFunction(bCtor) && (bCtor instanceof bCtor))) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        // Add the first object to the stack of traversed objects.
+        aStack.push(a);
+        bStack.push(b);
+        var size = 0, result = true;
+        // Recursively compare objects and arrays.
+        if (className == '[object Array]') {
+            // Compare array lengths to determine if a deep comparison is necessary.
+            size = a.length;
+            result = size == b.length;
+            if (result) {
+                // Deep compare the contents, ignoring non-numeric properties.
+                while (size--) {
+                    if (!(result = eq(a[size], b[size], aStack, bStack))) break;
+                }
+            }
+        } else {
+            // Deep compare objects.
+            for (var key in a) {
+                if (_.has(a, key)) {
+                    // Count the expected number of properties.
+                    size++;
+                    // Deep compare each member.
+                    if (!(result = _.has(b, key) && eq(a[key], b[key], aStack, bStack))) break;
+                }
+            }
+            // Ensure that both objects contain the same number of properties.
+            if (result) {
+                for (key in b) {
+                    if (_.has(b, key) && !(size--)) break;
+                }
+                result = !size;
+            }
+        }
+        // Remove the first object from the stack of traversed objects.
+        aStack.pop();
+        bStack.pop();
+        return result;
+    };
+
+    // Perform a deep comparison to check if two objects are equal.
+    _.isEqual = function (a, b) {
+        return eq(a, b, [], []);
+    };
+
+    // Is a given array, string, or object empty?
+    // An "empty" object has no enumerable own-properties.
+    _.isEmpty = function (obj) {
+        if (obj == null) return true;
+        if (_.isArray(obj) || _.isString(obj)) return obj.length === 0;
+        for (var key in obj) if (_.has(obj, key)) return false;
+        return true;
+    };
+
+    // Is a given value a DOM element?
+    _.isElement = function (obj) {
+        return !!(obj && obj.nodeType === 1);
+    };
+
+    // Is a given value an array?
+    // Delegates to ECMA5's native Array.isArray
+    _.isArray = nativeIsArray || function (obj) {
+        return toString.call(obj) == '[object Array]';
+    };
+
+    // Is a given variable an object?
+    _.isObject = function (obj) {
+        return obj === Object(obj);
+    };
+
+    // Add some isType methods: isArguments, isFunction, isString, isNumber, isDate, isRegExp.
+    each(['Arguments', 'Function', 'String', 'Number', 'Date', 'RegExp'], function (name) {
+        _['is' + name] = function (obj) {
+            return toString.call(obj) == '[object ' + name + ']';
+        };
+    });
+
+    // Define a fallback version of the method in browsers (ahem, IE), where
+    // there isn't any inspectable "Arguments" type.
+    if (!_.isArguments(arguments)) {
+        _.isArguments = function (obj) {
+            return !!(obj && _.has(obj, 'callee'));
+        };
+    }
+
+    // Optimize `isFunction` if appropriate.
+    if (typeof (/./) !== 'function') {
+        _.isFunction = function (obj) {
+            return typeof obj === 'function';
+        };
+    }
+
+    // Is a given object a finite number?
+    _.isFinite = function (obj) {
+        return isFinite(obj) && !isNaN(parseFloat(obj));
+    };
+
+    // Is the given value `NaN`? (NaN is the only number which does not equal itself).
+    _.isNaN = function (obj) {
+        return _.isNumber(obj) && obj != +obj;
+    };
+
+    // Is a given value a boolean?
+    _.isBoolean = function (obj) {
+        return obj === true || obj === false || toString.call(obj) == '[object Boolean]';
+    };
+
+    // Is a given value equal to null?
+    _.isNull = function (obj) {
+        return obj === null;
+    };
+
+    // Is a given variable undefined?
+    _.isUndefined = function (obj) {
+        return obj === void 0;
+    };
+
+    // Shortcut function for checking if an object has a given property directly
+    // on itself (in other words, not on a prototype).
+    _.has = function (obj, key) {
+        return hasOwnProperty.call(obj, key);
+    };
+
+    // Utility Functions
+    // -----------------
+
+    // Run Underscore.js in *noConflict* mode, returning the `_` variable to its
+    // previous owner. Returns a reference to the Underscore object.
+    _.noConflict = function () {
+        root._ = previousUnderscore;
+        return this;
+    };
+
+    // Keep the identity function around for default iterators.
+    _.identity = function (value) {
+        return value;
+    };
+
+    // Run a function **n** times.
+    _.times = function (n, iterator, context) {
+        var accum = Array(Math.max(0, n));
+        for (var i = 0; i < n; i++) accum[i] = iterator.call(context, i);
+        return accum;
+    };
+
+    // Return a random integer between min and max (inclusive).
+    _.random = function (min, max) {
+        if (max == null) {
+            max = min;
+            min = 0;
+        }
+        return min + Math.floor(Math.random() * (max - min + 1));
+    };
+
+    // List of HTML entities for escaping.
+    var entityMap = {
+        escape: {
+            '&': '&amp;',
+            '<': '&lt;',
+            '>': '&gt;',
+            '"': '&quot;',
+            "'": '&#x27;'
+        }
+    };
+    entityMap.unescape = _.invert(entityMap.escape);
+
+    // Regexes containing the keys and values listed immediately above.
+    var entityRegexes = {
+        escape: new RegExp('[' + _.keys(entityMap.escape).join('') + ']', 'g'),
+        unescape: new RegExp('(' + _.keys(entityMap.unescape).join('|') + ')', 'g')
+    };
+
+    // Functions for escaping and unescaping strings to/from HTML interpolation.
+    _.each(['escape', 'unescape'], function (method) {
+        _[method] = function (string) {
+            if (string == null) return '';
+            return ('' + string).replace(entityRegexes[method], function (match) {
+                return entityMap[method][match];
+            });
+        };
+    });
+
+    // If the value of the named `property` is a function then invoke it with the
+    // `object` as context; otherwise, return it.
+    _.result = function (object, property) {
+        if (object == null) return void 0;
+        var value = object[property];
+        return _.isFunction(value) ? value.call(object) : value;
+    };
+
+    // Add your own custom functions to the Underscore object.
+    _.mixin = function (obj) {
+        each(_.functions(obj), function (name) {
+            var func = _[name] = obj[name];
+            _.prototype[name] = function () {
+                var args = [this._wrapped];
+                push.apply(args, arguments);
+                return result.call(this, func.apply(_, args));
+            };
+        });
+    };
+
+    // Generate a unique integer id (unique within the entire client session).
+    // Useful for temporary DOM ids.
+    var idCounter = 0;
+    _.uniqueId = function (prefix) {
+        var id = ++idCounter + '';
+        return prefix ? prefix + id : id;
+    };
+
+    // By default, Underscore uses ERB-style template delimiters, change the
+    // following template settings to use alternative delimiters.
+    _.templateSettings = {
+        evaluate: /<%([\s\S]+?)%>/g,
+        interpolate: /<%=([\s\S]+?)%>/g,
+        escape: /<%-([\s\S]+?)%>/g
+    };
+
+    // When customizing `templateSettings`, if you don't want to define an
+    // interpolation, evaluation or escaping regex, we need one that is
+    // guaranteed not to match.
+    var noMatch = /(.)^/;
+
+    // Certain characters need to be escaped so that they can be put into a
+    // string literal.
+    var escapes = {
+        "'": "'",
+        '\\': '\\',
+        '\r': 'r',
+        '\n': 'n',
+        '\t': 't',
+        '\u2028': 'u2028',
+        '\u2029': 'u2029'
+    };
+
+    var escaper = /\\|'|\r|\n|\t|\u2028|\u2029/g;
+
+    // JavaScript micro-templating, similar to John Resig's implementation.
+    // Underscore templating handles arbitrary delimiters, preserves whitespace,
+    // and correctly escapes quotes within interpolated code.
+    _.template = function (text, data, settings) {
+        var render;
+        settings = _.defaults({}, settings, _.templateSettings);
+
+        // Combine delimiters into one regular expression via alternation.
+        var matcher = new RegExp([
+          (settings.escape || noMatch).source,
+          (settings.interpolate || noMatch).source,
+          (settings.evaluate || noMatch).source
+        ].join('|') + '|$', 'g');
+
+        // Compile the template source, escaping string literals appropriately.
+        var index = 0;
+        var source = "__p+='";
+        text.replace(matcher, function (match, escape, interpolate, evaluate, offset) {
+            source += text.slice(index, offset)
+              .replace(escaper, function (match) { return '\\' + escapes[match]; });
+
+            if (escape) {
+                source += "'+\n((__t=(" + escape + "))==null?'':_.escape(__t))+\n'";
+            }
+            if (interpolate) {
+                source += "'+\n((__t=(" + interpolate + "))==null?'':__t)+\n'";
+            }
+            if (evaluate) {
+                source += "';\n" + evaluate + "\n__p+='";
+            }
+            index = offset + match.length;
+            return match;
+        });
+        source += "';\n";
+
+        // If a variable is not specified, place data values in local scope.
+        if (!settings.variable) source = 'with(obj||{}){\n' + source + '}\n';
+
+        source = "var __t,__p='',__j=Array.prototype.join," +
+          "print=function(){__p+=__j.call(arguments,'');};\n" +
+          source + "return __p;\n";
+
+        try {
+            render = new Function(settings.variable || 'obj', '_', source);
+        } catch (e) {
+            e.source = source;
+            throw e;
+        }
+
+        if (data) return render(data, _);
+        var template = function (data) {
+            return render.call(this, data, _);
+        };
+
+        // Provide the compiled function source as a convenience for precompilation.
+        template.source = 'function(' + (settings.variable || 'obj') + '){\n' + source + '}';
+
+        return template;
+    };
+
+    // Add a "chain" function, which will delegate to the wrapper.
+    _.chain = function (obj) {
+        return _(obj).chain();
+    };
+
+    // OOP
+    // ---------------
+    // If Underscore is called as a function, it returns a wrapped object that
+    // can be used OO-style. This wrapper holds altered versions of all the
+    // underscore functions. Wrapped objects may be chained.
+
+    // Helper function to continue chaining intermediate results.
+    var result = function (obj) {
+        return this._chain ? _(obj).chain() : obj;
+    };
+
+    // Add all of the Underscore functions to the wrapper object.
+    _.mixin(_);
+
+    // Add all mutator Array functions to the wrapper.
+    each(['pop', 'push', 'reverse', 'shift', 'sort', 'splice', 'unshift'], function (name) {
+        var method = ArrayProto[name];
+        _.prototype[name] = function () {
+            var obj = this._wrapped;
+            method.apply(obj, arguments);
+            if ((name == 'shift' || name == 'splice') && obj.length === 0) delete obj[0];
+            return result.call(this, obj);
+        };
+    });
+
+    // Add all accessor Array functions to the wrapper.
+    each(['concat', 'join', 'slice'], function (name) {
+        var method = ArrayProto[name];
+        _.prototype[name] = function () {
+            return result.call(this, method.apply(this._wrapped, arguments));
+        };
+    });
+
+    _.extend(_.prototype, {
+
+        // Start chaining a wrapped Underscore object.
+        chain: function () {
+            this._chain = true;
+            return this;
+        },
+
+        // Extracts the result from a wrapped and chained object.
+        value: function () {
+            return this._wrapped;
+        }
+
+    });
+
+}).call(this);