fusionpbx-docs/source/additional_information/nat.md

Network Address Translation

NAT is Network Address Translation. When your FusionPBX and/or FreeSWITCH are inside NAT then then you may experience one way audio or no audio in either direction the following information can help you get audio working in both directions.

Default config

The external[rtp_ip]{#rtp_ip} and external[sip_ip]{#sip_ip} are set to \$\${local[ip_v4]{#ip_v4}} in Advanced -> Variables by default or Advanced > Sip Profile settings. The local[ip_v4]{#ip_v4} variable is auto detected by FreeSWITCH. The variable can be also be overidden as a preset variable before it is used if you want to control the IP address that it represents.

• This works good when the server has a public IP address.
• It also works well when all phones are inside the same network and nothing needs to traverse the NAT. For example if you are using a SIP to TDM gateway and all your phones are in the same network.

SIP ALG

A SIP Application Layer Gateway (ALG) is a tool designed to help SIP traverse NAT. While the SIP ALG is good in theory it often causes more problems than it solves. Because of this it\'s usually best to disable the SIP ALG on your firewall. An alternative way to disable it is to move SIP to a non standard port.

Static IP

FusionPBX is behind NAT and you have a static public IP address and you have phones on the same network and/or outside the network.

• Set external[rtp_ip]{#rtp_ip} to autonat:xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx (xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx can be used also in some instances)
• Set external[sip_ip]{#sip_ip} to autonat:xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx (xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx can be used also in some instances)
• If you don\'t register a gateway to the carrier you may need to port forward SIP and RTP.

UPnP or PMP

FusionPBX is behind NAT and you don\'t have a static ip address. You do have a firewall that is capable of UPnP or PMP.

• Enable UPnP or PMP in your firewall
• In Debian OS /etc/default/freeswitch remove -nonat
• Make systemd aware of the changes. systemctl daemon-reload
• Set external[rtp_ip]{#rtp_ip} to auto-nat
• Set external[sip_ip]{#sip_ip} to auto-nat
• Restart FreeSWITCH. service freeswitch restart

Symptoms of misconfigured NAT

• Call drops after 32 seconds.
• One way audio
• No audio