java
/
jMonkeyEngine-wiki
mirrorاز https://github.com/jMonkeyEngine/wiki.git


			
				
					
						
						
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<body class="article toc2 toc-left">
<div id="header">
<div id="toc" class="toc2">
<div id="toctitle">Table of Contents</div>
<ul class="sectlevel1">
<li><a href="#terrain-collision">Terrain Collision</a></li>
<li><a href="#sample-code">Sample Code</a></li>
<li><a href="#understanding-the-code">Understanding the Code</a>
<ul class="sectlevel2">
<li><a href="#the-terrain-code">The Terrain Code</a></li>
<li><a href="#the-collision-detection-code">The Collision Detection Code</a></li>
<li><a href="#combining-the-two">Combining the Two</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<div id="content">
<div class="sect1">
<h2 id="terrain-collision">Terrain Collision</h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="paragraph">
<p>This tutorial expands the HelloTerrain tutorial and makes the terrain solid. You combine what you learned in <a href="jme3/beginner/hello_terrain.html">Hello Terrain</a> and <a href="jme3/beginner/hello_collision.html">Hello Collision</a> and add a CollisionShape to the terrain. The terrain&#8217;s CollisionShape lets the first-person player (who is also a CollisionShape) collide with the terrain, i.e. walk on it and stand on it.</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect1">
<h2 id="sample-code">Sample Code</h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="CodeRay highlight"><code data-lang="java">----<span class="keyword">package</span> <span class="namespace">jme3test.helloworld</span>;</code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>import com.jme3.app.SimpleApplication;
import com.jme3.bullet.BulletAppState;
import com.jme3.bullet.collision.shapes.CapsuleCollisionShape;
import com.jme3.bullet.collision.shapes.CollisionShape;
import com.jme3.bullet.control.CharacterControl;
import com.jme3.bullet.control.RigidBodyControl;
import com.jme3.bullet.util.CollisionShapeFactory;
import com.jme3.input.KeyInput;
import com.jme3.input.controls.ActionListener;
import com.jme3.input.controls.KeyTrigger;
import com.jme3.material.Material;
import com.jme3.math.Vector3f;
import com.jme3.renderer.Camera;
import com.jme3.scene.Node;
import com.jme3.terrain.geomipmap.TerrainLodControl;
import com.jme3.terrain.heightmap.AbstractHeightMap;
import com.jme3.terrain.geomipmap.TerrainQuad;
import com.jme3.terrain.heightmap.ImageBasedHeightMap;
import com.jme3.texture.Texture;
import com.jme3.texture.Texture.WrapMode;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import jme3tools.converters.ImageToAwt;</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>/**
 * This demo shows a terrain with collision detection,
 * that you can walk around in with a first-person perspective.
 * This code combines HelloCollision and HelloTerrain.
 */
public class HelloTerrainCollision extends SimpleApplication
        implements ActionListener {</p>
</div>
<div class="literalblock">
<div class="content">
<pre>private BulletAppState bulletAppState;
private RigidBodyControl landscape;
private CharacterControl player;
private Vector3f walkDirection = new Vector3f();
private boolean left = false, right = false, up = false, down = false;
private TerrainQuad terrain;
private Material mat_terrain;</pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="literalblock">
<div class="content">
<pre>public static void main(String[] args) {
  HelloTerrainCollision app = new HelloTerrainCollision();
  app.start();
}</pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="literalblock">
<div class="content">
<pre>@Override
public void simpleInitApp() {
  /** Set up Physics */
  bulletAppState = new BulletAppState();
  stateManager.attach(bulletAppState);
  //bulletAppState.getPhysicsSpace().enableDebug(assetManager);</pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="literalblock">
<div class="content">
<pre>flyCam.setMoveSpeed(100);
setUpKeys();</pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="literalblock">
<div class="content">
<pre>/** 1. Create terrain material and load four textures into it. */
mat_terrain = new Material(assetManager,
        "Common/MatDefs/Terrain/Terrain.j3md");</pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="literalblock">
<div class="content">
<pre>/** 1.1) Add ALPHA map (for red-blue-green coded splat textures) */
mat_terrain.setTexture("Alpha", assetManager.loadTexture(
        "Textures/Terrain/splat/alphamap.png"));</pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="literalblock">
<div class="content">
<pre>/** 1.2) Add GRASS texture into the red layer (Tex1). */
Texture grass = assetManager.loadTexture(
        "Textures/Terrain/splat/grass.jpg");
grass.setWrap(WrapMode.Repeat);
mat_terrain.setTexture("Tex1", grass);
mat_terrain.setFloat("Tex1Scale", 64f);</pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="literalblock">
<div class="content">
<pre>/** 1.3) Add DIRT texture into the green layer (Tex2) */
Texture dirt = assetManager.loadTexture(
        "Textures/Terrain/splat/dirt.jpg");
dirt.setWrap(WrapMode.Repeat);
mat_terrain.setTexture("Tex2", dirt);
mat_terrain.setFloat("Tex2Scale", 32f);</pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="literalblock">
<div class="content">
<pre>/** 1.4) Add ROAD texture into the blue layer (Tex3) */
Texture rock = assetManager.loadTexture(
        "Textures/Terrain/splat/road.jpg");
rock.setWrap(WrapMode.Repeat);
mat_terrain.setTexture("Tex3", rock);
mat_terrain.setFloat("Tex3Scale", 128f);</pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="literalblock">
<div class="content">
<pre>/** 2. Create the height map */
AbstractHeightMap heightmap = null;
Texture heightMapImage = assetManager.loadTexture(
        "Textures/Terrain/splat/mountains512.png");
heightmap = new ImageBasedHeightMap(heightMapImage.getImage());
heightmap.load();</pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="literalblock">
<div class="content">
<pre>/** 3. We have prepared material and heightmap.
 * Now we create the actual terrain:
 * 3.1) Create a TerrainQuad and name it "my terrain".
 * 3.2) A good value for terrain tiles is 64x64 -- so we supply 64+1=65.
 * 3.3) We prepared a heightmap of size 512x512 -- so we supply 512+1=513.
 * 3.4) As LOD step scale we supply Vector3f(1,1,1).
 * 3.5) We supply the prepared heightmap itself.
 */
terrain = new TerrainQuad("my terrain", 65, 513, heightmap.getHeightMap());</pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="literalblock">
<div class="content">
<pre>/** 4. We give the terrain its material, position &amp; scale it, and attach it. */
terrain.setMaterial(mat_terrain);
terrain.setLocalTranslation(0, -100, 0);
terrain.setLocalScale(2f, 1f, 2f);
rootNode.attachChild(terrain);</pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="literalblock">
<div class="content">
<pre>/** 5. The LOD (level of detail) depends on were the camera is: */
List&lt;Camera&gt; cameras = new ArrayList&lt;Camera&gt;();
cameras.add(getCamera());
TerrainLodControl control = new TerrainLodControl(terrain, cameras);
terrain.addControl(control);</pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="literalblock">
<div class="content">
<pre>/** 6. Add physics: */
// We set up collision detection for the scene by creating a static
RigidBodyControl with mass zero.*/
terrain.addControl(new RigidBodyControl(0));</pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="literalblock">
<div class="content">
<pre>// We set up collision detection for the player by creating
// a capsule collision shape and a CharacterControl.
// The CharacterControl offers extra settings for
// size, stepheight, jumping, falling, and gravity.
// We also put the player in its starting position.
CapsuleCollisionShape capsuleShape = new CapsuleCollisionShape(1.5f, 6f, 1);
player = new CharacterControl(capsuleShape, 0.05f);
player.setJumpSpeed(20);
player.setFallSpeed(30);
player.setGravity(30);
player.setPhysicsLocation(new Vector3f(-10, 10, 10));</pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="literalblock">
<div class="content">
<pre>// We attach the scene and the player to the rootnode and the physics space,
// to make them appear in the game world.
bulletAppState.getPhysicsSpace().add(terrain);
bulletAppState.getPhysicsSpace().add(player);</pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="literalblock">
<div class="content">
<pre>}
/** We over-write some navigational key mappings here, so we can
 * add physics-controlled walking and jumping: */
private void setUpKeys() {
  inputManager.addMapping("Left", new KeyTrigger(KeyInput.KEY_A));
  inputManager.addMapping("Right", new KeyTrigger(KeyInput.KEY_D));
  inputManager.addMapping("Up", new KeyTrigger(KeyInput.KEY_W));
  inputManager.addMapping("Down", new KeyTrigger(KeyInput.KEY_S));
  inputManager.addMapping("Jump", new KeyTrigger(KeyInput.KEY_SPACE));
  inputManager.addListener(this, "Left");
  inputManager.addListener(this, "Right");
  inputManager.addListener(this, "Up");
  inputManager.addListener(this, "Down");
  inputManager.addListener(this, "Jump");
}</pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="literalblock">
<div class="content">
<pre>/** These are our custom actions triggered by key presses.
 * We do not walk yet, we just keep track of the direction the user pressed. */
public void onAction(String binding, boolean value, float tpf) {
  if (binding.equals("Left")) {
    if (value) { left = true; } else { left = false; }
  } else if (binding.equals("Right")) {
    if (value) { right = true; } else { right = false; }
  } else if (binding.equals("Up")) {
    if (value) { up = true; } else { up = false; }
  } else if (binding.equals("Down")) {
    if (value) { down = true; } else { down = false; }
  } else if (binding.equals("Jump")) {
    player.jump();
  }
}</pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="literalblock">
<div class="content">
<pre>  /**
   * This is the main event loop--walking happens here.
   * We check in which direction the player is walking by interpreting
   * the camera direction forward (camDir) and to the side (camLeft).
   * The setWalkDirection() command is what lets a physics-controlled player walk.
   * We also make sure here that the camera moves with player.
   */
  @Override
  public void simpleUpdate(float tpf) {
    Vector3f camDir = cam.getDirection().clone().multLocal(0.6f);
    Vector3f camLeft = cam.getLeft().clone().multLocal(0.4f);
    walkDirection.set(0, 0, 0);
    if (left)  { walkDirection.addLocal(camLeft); }
    if (right) { walkDirection.addLocal(camLeft.negate()); }
    if (up)    { walkDirection.addLocal(camDir); }
    if (down)  { walkDirection.addLocal(camDir.negate()); }
    player.setWalkDirection(walkDirection);
    cam.setLocation(player.getPhysicsLocation());
  }
}----
To try this code, create a New Project → JME3 → BasicGame using the default settings. Paste the sample code over the pregenerated Main.java class. Chnage the package to “mygame if necessary. Open the Project Properties, Libraries, and add the `jme3-test-data` library to make certain you have all the files.</pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Compile and run the code. You should see a terrain. You can use the WASD keys and the mouse to run up and down the hills.</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect1">
<h2 id="understanding-the-code">Understanding the Code</h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="sect2">
<h3 id="the-terrain-code">The Terrain Code</h3>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Read <a href="jme3/beginner/hello_terrain.html">Hello Terrain</a> for details of the following parts that we reuse:</p>
</div>
<div class="olist arabic">
<ol class="arabic">
<li>
<p>The <code>AbstractHeightMap</code> is an efficient way to describe the shape of the terrain.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>The <code>Terrain.j3md</code>-based Material and its texture layers let you colorize rocky mountain, grassy valleys, and a paved path criss-crossing over the landscape.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>The TerrainQuad is the finished <code>terrain</code> Spatial that you attach to the rootNode.</p>
</li>
</ol>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect2">
<h3 id="the-collision-detection-code">The Collision Detection Code</h3>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Read <a href="jme3/beginner/hello_collision.html">Hello Collision</a> for details of the following parts that we reuse:</p>
</div>
<div class="olist arabic">
<ol class="arabic">
<li>
<p>The <code>BulletAppState</code> lines activate physics.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>The <code>ActionListener</code> (<code>onAction()</code>) lets you reconfigure the input handling for the first-person player, so it takes collision detection into account.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>The custom <code>setUpKeys()</code> method loads your reconfigured input handlers. They now don&#8217;t just walk blindly, but calculate the <code>walkDirection</code> vector that we need for collision detection.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p><code>simpleUpdate()</code> uses the <code>walkDirection</code> vector and makes the character walk, while taking obstacles and solid walls/floor into account.</p>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="CodeRay highlight"><code data-lang="java">----player.setWalkDirection(walkDirection);----</code></pre>
</div>
</div>
</li>
<li>
<p>The RigidBodyControl <code>landscape</code> is the CollisionShape of the terrain.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>The physical first-person player is a CapsuleCollisionShape with a CharacterControl.</p>
</li>
</ol>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect2">
<h3 id="combining-the-two">Combining the Two</h3>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Here are the changed parts to combine the two:</p>
</div>
<div class="olist arabic">
<ol class="arabic">
<li>
<p>You create a static (zero-mass) RigidBodyControl.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Add the control to the <code>terrain</code> to make it physical.</p>
</li>
</ol>
</div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="CodeRay highlight"><code data-lang="java">----<span class="comment">/** 6. Add physics: */</span>
    terrain.addControl(<span class="keyword">new</span> RigidBodyControl(<span class="integer">0</span>));
----
You attach the <span class="error">`</span>terrain<span class="error">`</span> and the first-person <span class="error">`</span>player<span class="error">`</span> to the rootNode, and to the physics space, to make them appear in the game world.</code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="CodeRay highlight"><code data-lang="java">    bulletAppState.getPhysicsSpace().add(terrain);
    bulletAppState.getPhysicsSpace().add(player);</code></pre>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect1">
<h2 id="conclusion">Conclusion</h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="paragraph">
<p>You see that you can combine snippets of sample code (such as HelloTerrain and HelloCollision), and create a new application from it that combines two features into soemthing new.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>You should spawn high up in the area and fall down to the map, giving you a few seconds to survey the area.  Then walk around and see how you like the lay of the land.</p>
</div>
<hr>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>See also:</p>
</div>
<div class="ulist">
<ul>
<li>
<p><a href="jme3/beginner/hello_terrain.html">Hello Terrain</a>,</p>
</li>
<li>
<p><a href="jme3/advanced/terrain.html">Terrain</a>
&lt;tags&gt;&lt;tag target="terrain" /&gt;&lt;tag target="collision" /&gt;&lt;/tags&gt;</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div id="footer">
<div id="footer-text">
Last updated 2016-05-21 23:44:18 UTC
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