java
/
jMonkeyEngine-wiki
mirror of https://github.com/jMonkeyEngine/wiki.git


			
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<body class="article toc2 toc-left">
<div id="header">
<h1>jMonkeyEngine 3 Tutorial (4) - Hello Update Loop</h1>
<div id="toc" class="toc2">
<div id="toctitle">Table of Contents</div>
<ul class="sectlevel1">
<li><a href="#code-sample">Code Sample</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<div id="content">
<div id="preamble">
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Previous: <a href="jme3/beginner/hello_asset.html">Hello Assets</a>,
Next: <a href="jme3/beginner/hello_input_system.html">Hello Input System</a></p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Now that you know how to load assets, such as 3D models, you want to implement some gameplay that uses these assets. In this tutorial we look at the update loop. The update loop of your game is where the action happens.</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect1">
<h2 id="code-sample">Code Sample</h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="CodeRay highlight"><code data-lang="java"><span class="keyword">package</span> <span class="namespace">jme3test.helloworld</span>;

<span class="keyword">import</span> <span class="include">com.jme3.app.SimpleApplication</span>;
<span class="keyword">import</span> <span class="include">com.jme3.material.Material</span>;
<span class="keyword">import</span> <span class="include">com.jme3.math.ColorRGBA</span>;
<span class="keyword">import</span> <span class="include">com.jme3.scene.Geometry</span>;
<span class="keyword">import</span> <span class="include">com.jme3.scene.shape.Box</span>;

<span class="comment">/** Sample 4 - how to trigger repeating actions from the main event loop.
 * In this example, you use the loop to make the player character
 * rotate continuously. */</span>
<span class="directive">public</span> <span class="type">class</span> <span class="class">HelloLoop</span> <span class="directive">extends</span> SimpleApplication {

    <span class="directive">public</span> <span class="directive">static</span> <span class="type">void</span> main(<span class="predefined-type">String</span><span class="type">[]</span> args){
        HelloLoop app = <span class="keyword">new</span> HelloLoop();
        app.start();
    }

    <span class="directive">protected</span> Geometry player;

    <span class="annotation">@Override</span>
    <span class="directive">public</span> <span class="type">void</span> simpleInitApp() {
        <span class="comment">/** this blue box is our player character */</span>
        <span class="predefined-type">Box</span> b = <span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="predefined-type">Box</span>(<span class="integer">1</span>, <span class="integer">1</span>, <span class="integer">1</span>);
        player = <span class="keyword">new</span> Geometry(<span class="string"><span class="delimiter">&quot;</span><span class="content">blue cube</span><span class="delimiter">&quot;</span></span>, b);
        Material mat = <span class="keyword">new</span> Material(assetManager,
          <span class="string"><span class="delimiter">&quot;</span><span class="content">Common/MatDefs/Misc/Unshaded.j3md</span><span class="delimiter">&quot;</span></span>);
        mat.setColor(<span class="string"><span class="delimiter">&quot;</span><span class="content">Color</span><span class="delimiter">&quot;</span></span>, ColorRGBA.Blue);
        player.setMaterial(mat);
        rootNode.attachChild(player);
    }

    <span class="comment">/* Use the main event loop to trigger repeating actions. */</span>
    <span class="annotation">@Override</span>
    <span class="directive">public</span> <span class="type">void</span> simpleUpdate(<span class="type">float</span> tpf) {
        <span class="comment">// make the player rotate:</span>
        player.rotate(<span class="integer">0</span>, <span class="integer">2</span>*tpf, <span class="integer">0</span>);
    }
}----
Build and run the file: You see a constantly rotating cube.


== Understanding the Code

Compared to our previous code samples you note that the player Geometry is now a <span class="type">class</span> <span class="class">field</span>. This is because we want the update loop to be able to access and transform <span class="local-variable">this</span> Geometry. As usual, we initialize the player object in the <span class="error">`</span>simpleInitApp()<span class="error">`</span> method.


Now have a closer look at the <span class="error">`</span>simpleUpdate()<span class="error">`</span> method <span class="error">–</span> <span class="local-variable">this</span> is the update loop.


*  The <span class="error">`</span>player.rotate(<span class="integer">0</span>, <span class="integer">2</span>*tpf, <span class="integer">0</span>);<span class="error">`</span> line changes the rotation of the player object.
*  We use the <span class="error">`</span>tpf<span class="error">`</span> variable (<span class="error">“</span>time per frame) to time <span class="local-variable">this</span> action depending on the current frames per second rate. This simply means that the cube rotates with the same speed on fast and slow machines, and the game remains playable.
*  When the game runs, the rotate() code is executed again and again.


== Using the Update Loop

A rotating object is just a simple example. In the update loop, you typically have many tests and trigger various game actions. This is where you update score and health points, check <span class="keyword">for</span> collisions, make enemies calculate their next move, roll the dice whether a trap has been set off, play random ambient sounds, and much more.


*  The <span class="error">`</span>simpleUpdate()<span class="error">`</span> method starts running after the <span class="error">`</span>simpleInitApp()<span class="error">`</span> method has initialized the scene graph and state variables.
*  JME3 executes everything in the <span class="error">`</span>simpleUpdate()<span class="error">`</span> method repeatedly, as fast as possible.
..  Use the loop to poll the game state and then initiate actions.
..  Use the loop to trigger reactions and update the game state.
..  Use the loop wisely, because having too many calls in the loop also slows down the game.


== Init - Update - Render

Note the the three phases of every game:


*  *Init:* The <span class="error">`</span>simpleInitApp()<span class="error">`</span> method is executed only _once_, right at the beginning;
*  *Update:* The <span class="error">`</span>simpleUpdate()<span class="error">`</span> method runs _repeatedly_, during the game.
*  *Render:* After every update, the jMonkeyEngine _automatically_ redraws (<span class="error">`</span>renders<span class="error">`</span>) the screen <span class="keyword">for</span> you.

Since rendering is automatic, initialization and updating are the two most important concepts in a SimpleApplication-based game <span class="keyword">for</span> you:


*  The <span class="error">`</span>simpleInitApp()<span class="error">`</span> method is the application<span class="string"><span class="delimiter">'</span><span class="content">s “first breath. +
Here you load and create game data (once).
*  The `simpleUpdate()` method is the application</span><span class="delimiter">'</span></span>s <span class="error">“</span>heartbeat (the time unit is called <span class="error">`</span>ticks<span class="error">`</span>). +
Here you change their properties to update the game state (repeatedly).


*  Move code blocks from the simpleInitApp() method to &lt;&lt;jme3/advanced/application_states<span class="error">#</span>,AppStates&gt;&gt;.
*  Move code blocks from the simpleUpdate() method to &lt;&lt;jme3/advanced/custom_controls<span class="error">#</span>,Custom Controls&gt;&gt;.


== Exercises

Here are some fun things to <span class="keyword">try</span>:


.  What happens <span class="keyword">if</span> you give the rotate() method negative numbers?
.  Can you create two Geometries next to each other, and make one rotate twice as fast as the other? (use the <span class="error">`</span>tpf<span class="error">`</span> variable)
.  Can you make a cube that pulsates? (grows and shrinks)
.  Can you make a cube that changes color? (change and set the Material)
.  Can you make a rolling cube? (rotate around the x axis, and translate along the z axis)

Look back at the &lt;&lt;hello_node<span class="error">#</span>,Hello Node&gt;&gt; tutorial <span class="keyword">if</span> you <span class="keyword">do</span> not remember the transformation methods <span class="keyword">for</span> scaling, translating, and rotating.


link:http:<span class="comment">//jmonkeyengine.org/wiki/doku.php/jm3:solutions[http://jmonkeyengine.org/wiki/doku.php/jm3:solutions]</span>
+++&lt;u&gt;Be sure to <span class="keyword">try</span> to solve them <span class="keyword">for</span> yourself first!&lt;/u&gt;+++


== Conclusion

Now you are listening to the update loop, <span class="error">“</span>the heart beat of the game, and you can add all kinds of action to it.


The next thing the game needs is some _inter_action! Continue learning how to &lt;&lt;jme3/beginner/hello_input_system<span class="error">#</span>,respond to user input&gt;&gt;.

<span class="string"><span class="delimiter">'</span><span class="delimiter">'</span></span><span class="string"><span class="delimiter">'</span><span class="content">

See also:


*  Advanced jME3 developers use &lt;&lt;jme3/advanced/application_states#,Application States&gt;&gt; and &lt;&lt;jme3/advanced/custom_controls#,Custom Controls&gt;&gt; to implement game mechanics in their update loops. You will come across these topics again later when you proceed to more advanced documentation.
&lt;tags&gt;&lt;tag target=&quot;documentation&quot; /&gt;&lt;tag target=&quot;state&quot; /&gt;&lt;tag target=&quot;states&quot; /&gt;&lt;tag target=&quot;intro&quot; /&gt;&lt;tag target=&quot;beginner&quot; /&gt;&lt;tag target=&quot;control&quot; /&gt;&lt;tag target=&quot;loop&quot; /&gt;&lt;/tags&gt;</span></span></code></pre>
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Last updated 2016-05-21 23:44:18 UTC
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