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<article class="doc">
<h1 class="page">Head-Up Display (HUD)</h1>
<div id="preamble">
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="paragraph">
<p>A HUD (Head-Up Display) is part of a game&#8217;s visual user interface. It&#8217;s an overlay that displays additional information as (typically) 2-dimensional text or icons on the screen, on top of the 3D scene. Not all games have, or need a HUD. To avoid breaking the immersion and cluttering the screen, only use a HUD if it is the only way to convey certain information.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>HUDs are used to supply players with essential information about the game state.</p>
</div>
<div class="ulist">
<ul>
<li>
<p>Status: Score, minimap, points, stealth mode, …</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Resources: Ammunition, lives/health, time, …</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Vehicle instruments: Cockpit, speedometer, …</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Navigational aides: Crosshairs, mouse pointer or hand, …</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>You have multiple options how to create HUDs.</p>
</div>
<table class="tableblock frame-all grid-all stretch">
<colgroup>
<col style="width: 33.3333%;">
<col style="width: 33.3333%;">
<col style="width: 33.3334%;">
</colgroup>
<thead>
<tr>
<th class="tableblock halign-left valign-top">Option</th>
<th class="tableblock halign-left valign-top">Pros</th>
<th class="tableblock halign-left valign-top">Cons</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><div class="content"><div class="paragraph">
<p>Attach elements to default guiNode:</p>
</div></div></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><div class="content"><div class="paragraph">
<p>Easy to learn. jMonkeyEngine built-in <abbr title="Application Programming Interface">API</abbr> for attaching plain images and bitmap text.</p>
</div></div></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><div class="content"><div class="paragraph">
<p>Only basic features.<br>
You will have to write custom controls / buttons / effects if you need them.</p>
</div></div></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><div class="content"><div class="paragraph">
<p>Use advanced <a href="../gui/nifty_gui.html" class="xref page">Nifty GUI</a> integration:</p>
</div></div></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><div class="content"><div class="paragraph">
<p>Full-featured interactive user interface.<br>
Includes buttons, effects, controls.<br>
Supports XML and Java layouts.</p>
</div></div></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><div class="content"><div class="paragraph">
<p>Steeper learning curve.</p>
</div></div></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><div class="content"><div class="paragraph">
<p>Use user contributed <abbr title="Graphical User Interface">GUI</abbr> libraries such as <a href="../../contributions/gui/tonegodgui/tonegodgui.html" class="xref page">tonegodgui</a> or <a href="http://hub.jmonkeyengine.org/t/lemur-api-documentation/27209">Lemur</a>:</p>
</div></div></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><div class="content"><div class="paragraph">
<p>Both have many features that would be difficult to do with Nifty<br>
Includes buttons, effects, controls.<br>
New features are still being released</p>
</div></div></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><div class="content"><div class="paragraph">
<p>Are not necessarily guaranteed future updates, not as well documented</p>
</div></div></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Using the <abbr title="Graphical User Interface">GUI</abbr> Node is the default approach in jme3 to create simple HUDs. If you just quickly want to display a line of text, or a simple icon on the screen, use the no-frills <abbr title="Graphical User Interface">GUI</abbr> Node, it&#8217;s easier.</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect1">
<h2 id="simple-hud-gui-node"><a class="anchor" href="#simple-hud-gui-node"></a>Simple HUD: GUI Node</h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="paragraph">
<p>You already know the <code>rootNode</code> that holds the 3-dimensional scene graph. jME3 also offers a 2-dimension (orthogonal) node, the <code>guiNode</code>.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>This is how you use the guiNode for HUDs:</p>
</div>
<div class="ulist">
<ul>
<li>
<p>Create a <abbr title="Graphical User Interface">GUI</abbr> element: a BitmapText or Picture object.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Attach the element to the guiNode.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Place the element in the orthogonal render queue using <code>setQueueBucket(Bucket.Gui)</code>.</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>The BitmapTexts and Pictures appear as 2 dimensional element on the screen.</p>
</div>
<div class="admonitionblock tip">
<table>
<tr>
<td class="icon">
<i class="fa icon-tip" title="Tip"></i>
</td>
<td class="content">
<div class="paragraph">
<p>By default, the guiNode has some scene graph statistics attached. To clear the guiNode before you attach your own <abbr title="Graphical User Interface">GUI</abbr> elements, use the following methods:</p>
</div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="highlightjs highlight"><code class="language-java hljs" data-lang="java">setDisplayStatView(false); setDisplayFps(false);</code></pre>
</div>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
<div class="sect2">
<h3 id="displaying-pictures-in-the-hud"><a class="anchor" href="#displaying-pictures-in-the-hud"></a>Displaying Pictures in the HUD</h3>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>A simple image can be displayed using <code>com.jme3.ui.Picture</code>.</p>
</div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="highlightjs highlight"><code class="language-java hljs" data-lang="java">Picture pic = new Picture("HUD Picture");
pic.setImage(assetManager, "Textures/ColoredTex/Monkey.png", true);
pic.setWidth(settings.getWidth()/2);
pic.setHeight(settings.getHeight()/2);
pic.setPosition(settings.getWidth()/4, settings.getHeight()/4);
guiNode.attachChild(pic);</code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>When you set the last boolean in setImage() to true, the alpha channel of your image is rendered transparent/translucent.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect2">
<h3 id="displaying-text-in-the-hud"><a class="anchor" href="#displaying-text-in-the-hud"></a>Displaying Text in the HUD</h3>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>You use <code>com.jme3.font.BitmapText</code> to display text on the screen.</p>
</div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="highlightjs highlight"><code class="language-java hljs" data-lang="java">BitmapText hudText = new BitmapText(guiFont, false);
hudText.setSize(guiFont.getCharSet().getRenderedSize());      // font size
hudText.setColor(ColorRGBA.Blue);                             // font color
hudText.setText("You can write any string here");             // the text
hudText.setLocalTranslation(300, hudText.getLineHeight(), 0); // position
guiNode.attachChild(hudText);</code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>The BitmapFont object <code>guiFont</code> is a default font provided by SimpleApplication. Copy your own fonts as .fnt plus .png files into the <code>assets/Interface/Fonts</code> directory and load them like this:</p>
</div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="highlightjs highlight"><code class="language-none hljs">BitmapFont myFont = assetManager.loadFont("Interface/Fonts/Console.fnt");
hudText = new BitmapText(myFont, false);</code></pre>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect2">
<h3 id="positioning-hud-elements"><a class="anchor" href="#positioning-hud-elements"></a>Positioning HUD Elements</h3>
<div class="ulist">
<ul>
<li>
<p>When positioning <abbr title="Graphical User Interface">GUI</abbr> text and images in 2D, the <strong>bottom left corner</strong> of the screen is <code>(0f,0f)</code>, and the <strong>top right corner</strong> is at <code>(settings.getWidth(),settings.getHeight())</code>.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>If you have several 2D elements in the <abbr title="Graphical User Interface">GUI</abbr> bucket that overlap, define their depth order by specifying a Z value. For example use <code>pic.move(x, y, -1)</code> to move the picture to the background, or <code>hudText.setLocalTranslation(x,y,1)</code> to move text to the foreground.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Size and length values in the orthogonal render queue are treated like pixels. A 20*20-wu big quad is rendered 20 pixels wide.</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect2">
<h3 id="displaying-geometries-in-the-hud"><a class="anchor" href="#displaying-geometries-in-the-hud"></a>Displaying Geometries in the HUD</h3>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>It is technically possible to attach Quads and 3D Geometries to the HUD. They show up as flat, static <abbr title="Graphical User Interface">GUI</abbr> elements. The size unit for the guiNode is pixels, not world units. If you attach a Geometry that uses a lit Material, you must add a light to the guiNode.</p>
</div>
<div class="admonitionblock important">
<table>
<tr>
<td class="icon">
<i class="fa icon-important" title="Important"></i>
</td>
<td class="content">
<div class="paragraph">
<p>If you don&#8217;t see an attached object in the <abbr title="Graphical User Interface">GUI</abbr>, check it&#8217;s position and material (add a light to guiNode). Also verify whether it is not too tiny to be seen. For comparison: A 1 world-unit wide cube is only 1 pixel wide when attached to the guiNode! You may need to scale it bigger.</p>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect2">
<h3 id="keeping-the-hud-up-to-date"><a class="anchor" href="#keeping-the-hud-up-to-date"></a>Keeping the HUD Up-To-Date</h3>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Use the update loop to keep the content up-to-date.</p>
</div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="highlightjs highlight"><code class="language-java hljs" data-lang="java">public void simpleUpdate(float tpf) {
  ...
  hudText.setText("Score: " + score);
  ...
  picture.setImage(assetManager, "Interface/statechange.png", true);
  ...
}</code></pre>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect1">
<h2 id="advanced-hud-nifty-gui"><a class="anchor" href="#advanced-hud-nifty-gui"></a>Advanced HUD: Nifty GUI</h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="paragraph">
<p>The recommended approach to create HUDs is using <a href="../gui/nifty_gui.html" class="xref page">Nifty GUI</a>.</p>
</div>
<div class="olist arabic">
<ol class="arabic">
<li>
<p>Lay out the <abbr title="Graphical User Interface">GUI</abbr> in one or several Nifty XML or Java files.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Write the controller classes in Java.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Load the XML file with the controller object in your game&#8217;s simpleInit() method.</p>
</li>
</ol>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>The advantage of Nifty <abbr title="Graphical User Interface">GUI</abbr> is that it is well integrated into jME and the jMonkeyEngine SDK, and that it offers all the features that you expect from a professional modern user interface.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>For HUDs, you basically follow the same instructions as for creating a normal <a href="../gui/nifty_gui.html" class="xref page">Nifty GUI</a>, you just don&#8217;t pause the game while the HUD is up.</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect1">
<h2 id="see-also"><a class="anchor" href="#see-also"></a>See also</h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
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<ul>
<li>
<p><a href="../../sdk/plugin/fonts.html" class="xref page">Fonts</a></p>
</li>
</ul>
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