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<h1 class="page">The Scene Graph and Other jME3 Terminology</h1>
<div id="preamble">
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Before you start making games, make sure you understand general <a href="terminology.html" class="xref page">3D Graphics terminology</a>.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Second, if you are a beginner, we recommend our <a href="scenegraph_for_dummies.html" class="xref page">Scene Graph for Dummies</a> presentation for a visual introduction to the concept of a scene graph.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Then continue learning about jME3 concepts here.</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect1">
<h2 id="coordinate-system"><a class="anchor" href="#coordinate-system"></a>Coordinate System</h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="imageblock text-right right">
<div class="content">
<img src="../_images/concepts/coordinate-system.png" alt="coordinate-system.png" width="235" height="210">
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>The jMonkeyEngine uses a right-handed coordinate system, just as OpenGL does.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>The coordinate system consists of:</p>
</div>
<div class="ulist">
<ul>
<li>
<p>The <em>origin</em>, a single central point in space.</p>
<div class="ulist">
<ul>
<li>
<p>The origin point is always at coordinate zero, in Java: <code>new Vector3f(0,0,0)</code>.</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</li>
<li>
<p>Three <em>coordinate axes</em> that are mutually perpendicular, and meet in the origin.</p>
<div class="ulist">
<ul>
<li>
<p>The X axis starts left and goes right.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>The Y axis starts below and goes up.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>The Z axis starts away from you, and goes towards you.</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Every point in 3D space is uniquely defined by its X,Y,Z coordinates. The three numeric coordinates express how many &#8220;steps&#8221; from each of the three axes a point is. The data type for all vectors in jME3 is <code>com.jme3.math.Vector3f</code>. All vectors are relative to the described coordinate system.<br>
Example: The point <code>new Vector3f(3,-5,1)</code> is 3 steps to the right, 5 steps down, and 1 towards you.</p>
</div>
<div class="admonitionblock note">
<table>
<tr>
<td class="icon">
<i class="fa icon-note" title="Note"></i>
</td>
<td class="content">
<div class="paragraph">
<p>The unit of measurement (&#8220;one&#8221; step) in jME3 is the <strong>world unit</strong>, short: wu. Typically, 1 wu is considered to be one meter. As long as you are consistent throughout your game, 1 wu can be any distance you like.</p>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>For your orientation:</p>
</div>
<div class="ulist">
<ul>
<li>
<p>The default camera&#8217;s location is <code>Vector3f(0.0f, 0.0f, 10.0f)</code>.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>The default camera is looking in the direction described by the (so called) negative Z unit vector <code>Vector3f(0.0f, 0.0f, -1.0f)</code>.</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>This means the player&#8217;s point of view is on the positive side of the Z axis, looking back, towards the origin, down the Z axis.</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect1">
<h2 id="how-to-move-yourself-through-the-3d-scene"><a class="anchor" href="#how-to-move-yourself-through-the-3d-scene"></a>How to move yourself through the 3D scene</h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="paragraph">
<p>When you play a 3D game, you typically want to navigate the 3D scene. Note that by default, the mouse pointer is invisible, and the mouse is set up to control the camera rotation!</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>By default, jME3 uses the following common navigation inputs</p>
</div>
<table class="tableblock frame-all grid-all stretch">
<colgroup>
<col style="width: 33.3333%;">
<col style="width: 33.3333%;">
<col style="width: 33.3334%;">
</colgroup>
<thead>
<tr>
<th class="tableblock halign-left valign-top">Game Inputs</th>
<th class="tableblock halign-left valign-top">Camera Motion</th>
<th class="tableblock halign-left valign-top">Player POV</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><div class="content"><div class="paragraph">
<p>Press the W and S keys</p>
</div></div></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><div class="content"><div class="paragraph">
<p>move the camera forward, and backward</p>
</div></div></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><div class="content"><div class="paragraph">
<p>you walk back and forth</p>
</div></div></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><div class="content"><div class="paragraph">
<p>Press the A and D keys</p>
</div></div></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><div class="content"><div class="paragraph">
<p>move the camera left and right</p>
</div></div></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><div class="content"><div class="paragraph">
<p>you step left or right</p>
</div></div></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><div class="content"><div class="paragraph">
<p>Press the Q and Y keys</p>
</div></div></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><div class="content"><div class="paragraph">
<p>move the camera up and down</p>
</div></div></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><div class="content"><div class="paragraph">
<p>you fly up and down</p>
</div></div></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><div class="content"><div class="paragraph">
<p>Move the mouse left-right</p>
</div></div></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><div class="content"><div class="paragraph">
<p>rotate the camera left/right</p>
</div></div></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><div class="content"><div class="paragraph">
<p>you look left or right</p>
</div></div></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><div class="content"><div class="paragraph">
<p>Move the mouse forwards-backwards</p>
</div></div></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><div class="content"><div class="paragraph">
<p>rotate up/down</p>
</div></div></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><div class="content"><div class="paragraph">
<p>you look at the sky or your feet</p>
</div></div></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>These default settings are called &#8220;WASD&#8221; keys and &#8220;Mouse&#8221; Look. You can customize <a href="../../core/input/input_handling.html" class="xref page">input handling</a> for your game. Sorry, but these settings work best on a QWERTY/QWERTZ keyboard.</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect1">
<h2 id="scene-graph-and-rootnode"><a class="anchor" href="#scene-graph-and-rootnode"></a>Scene Graph and RootNode</h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="paragraph">
<p>The <em>scene graph</em> represents your 3D world. Objects in the jME3 scene graph are called <a href="../../core/scene/spatial.html" class="xref page">Spatial</a>s. Everything attached to the parent <em>rootNode</em> is part of your scene. Your game inherits the <code>rootNode</code> object from the <code>SimpleApplication</code> class.</p>
</div>
<div class="imageblock text-center">
<div class="content">
<img src="../_images/concepts/scene-graph.png" alt="scene-graph.png" width="" height="">
</div>
</div>
<div class="ulist">
<ul>
<li>
<p><em>Attaching</em> a Spatial to the rootNode (or its child nodes) adds it to the scene;</p>
</li>
<li>
<p><em>Detaching</em> a Spatial from the rootNode (or its child nodes) removes it from the scene.</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>All objects in the scene graph are in a parent-child relationship. When you transform (move, rotate, scale) one parent, all its children follow.</p>
</div>
<div class="admonitionblock note">
<table>
<tr>
<td class="icon">
<i class="fa icon-note" title="Note"></i>
</td>
<td class="content">
<div class="paragraph">
<p>The scene graph only manages the parent-child relationship of spatials. The actual location, rotation, or scale of an object is stored inside each Spatial.</p>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect1">
<h2 id="spatials-node-vs-geometry"><a class="anchor" href="#spatials-node-vs-geometry"></a>Spatials: Node vs Geometry</h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="paragraph">
<p>A Spatial can be transformed (in other words, it has a location, a rotation, and a scale). A Spatial can be loaded and saved as a .3jo file. There are two types of Spatials, <em>Node</em> and <em>Geometry</em>:</p>
</div>
<table class="tableblock frame-all grid-all stretch">
<colgroup>
<col style="width: 10%;">
<col style="width: 45%;">
<col style="width: 45%;">
</colgroup>
<thead>
<tr>
<th class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"></th>
<th class="tableblock halign-left valign-top" colspan="2">Spatial</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><div class="content"><div class="paragraph">
<p>Purpose:</p>
</div></div></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top" colspan="2"><div class="content"><div class="paragraph">
<p>A Spatial is an abstract data structure that stores transformations (translation, rotation, scale).</p>
</div></div></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><div class="content"></div></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><div class="content"><div class="paragraph">
<p>Geometry</p>
</div></div></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><div class="content"><div class="paragraph">
<p>Node</p>
</div></div></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><div class="content"><div class="paragraph">
<p>Visibility:</p>
</div></div></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><div class="content"><div class="paragraph">
<p>A visible 3-D object.</p>
</div></div></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><div class="content"><div class="paragraph">
<p>An invisible &#8220;handle&#8221; for a group of objects.</p>
</div></div></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><div class="content"><div class="paragraph">
<p>Purpose:</p>
</div></div></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><div class="content"><div class="paragraph">
<p>A Geometry represents the &#8220;look&#8221; of an object: Shape, color, texture, opacity/transparency.</p>
</div></div></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><div class="content"><div class="paragraph">
<p>A Node groups Geometries and other Nodes together: You transform a Node to affect all attached Nodes (parent-child relationship).</p>
</div></div></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><div class="content"><div class="paragraph">
<p>Content:</p>
</div></div></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><div class="content"><div class="paragraph">
<p>Transformations, mesh, material.</p>
</div></div></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><div class="content"><div class="paragraph">
<p>Transformations. No mesh, no material.</p>
</div></div></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><div class="content"><div class="paragraph">
<p>Examples:</p>
</div></div></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><div class="content"><div class="paragraph">
<p>A box, a sphere, player, a building, a piece of terrain, a vehicle, missiles, NPCs, etc…</p>
</div></div></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><div class="content"><div class="paragraph">
<p>The rootNode, the guiNode, an audioNode, a custom grouping node for a vehicle plus its passengers, etc.</p>
</div></div></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect1">
<h2 id="how-to-use-this-knowledge"><a class="anchor" href="#how-to-use-this-knowledge"></a>How to Use This Knowledge?</h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Before you start creating your game, you should plan your scene graph: Which Nodes and Geometries will you need? Complete the <a href="../beginner/beginner.html" class="xref page">Beginner tutorials</a> to learn how to load and create Spatials, how to lay out a scene by attaching, detaching, and transforming Spatials, and how to add interaction and effects to a game.</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect1">
<h2 id="see-also"><a class="anchor" href="#see-also"></a>See also</h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="ulist">
<ul>
<li>
<p><a href="../../core/scene/spatial.html" class="xref page">Spatial</a> – More details about working with Nodes and Geometries</p>
</li>
<li>
<p><a href="../../core/scene/traverse_scenegraph.html" class="xref page">Traverse SceneGraph</a> – Find any Node or Geometry in the scenegraph.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p><a href="../../core/renderer/camera.html" class="xref page">Camera</a> – Learn more about the Camera in the scene.</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
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