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+/**
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+ * @author alteredq / http://alteredqualia.com/
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+ */
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+
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+THREE.Car = function () {
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+
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+ var scope = this;
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+
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+ // car geometry manual parameters
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+
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+ this.modelScale = 1;
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+
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+ this.backWheelOffset = 2;
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+
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+ this.autoWheelGeometry = true;
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+
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+ // car geometry parameters automatically set from wheel mesh
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+ // - assumes wheel mesh is front left wheel in proper global
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+ // position with respect to body mesh
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+ // - other wheels are mirrored against car root
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+ // - if necessary back wheels can be offset manually
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+
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+ this.wheelOffsetX = 0;
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+ this.wheelOffsetY = 0;
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+ this.wheelOffsetZ = 0;
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+
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+ this.wheelDiameter = 1;
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+
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+ // car "feel" parameters
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+
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+ this.MAX_SPEED = 2200;
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+ this.MAX_REVERSE_SPEED = -1500;
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+
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+ this.MAX_WHEEL_ROTATION = 0.6;
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+
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+ this.FRONT_ACCELERATION = 1250;
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+ this.BACK_ACCELERATION = 1500;
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+
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+ this.WHEEL_ANGULAR_ACCELERATION = 1.5;
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+
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+ this.FRONT_DECCELERATION = 750;
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+ this.WHEEL_ANGULAR_DECCELERATION = 1.0;
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+
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+ this.STEERING_RADIUS_RATIO = 0.0023;
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+
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+ this.MAX_TILT_SIDES = 0.05;
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+ this.MAX_TILT_FRONTBACK = 0.015;
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+
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+ // internal control variables
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+
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+ this.speed = 0;
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+ this.acceleration = 0;
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+
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+ this.wheelOrientation = 0;
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+ this.carOrientation = 0;
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+
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+ // car rigging
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+
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+ this.root = new THREE.Object3D();
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+
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+ this.frontLeftWheelRoot = new THREE.Object3D();
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+ this.frontRightWheelRoot = new THREE.Object3D();
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+
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+ this.bodyMesh = null;
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+
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+ this.frontLeftWheelMesh = null;
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+ this.frontRightWheelMesh = null;
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+
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+ this.backLeftWheelMesh = null;
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+ this.backRightWheelMesh = null;
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+
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+ this.bodyGeometry = null;
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+ this.wheelGeometry = null;
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+
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+ // internal helper variables
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+
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+ this.loaded = false;
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+
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+ this.meshes = [];
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+
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+ // API
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+
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+ this.enableShadows = function ( enable ) {
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+
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+ for ( var i = 0; i < this.meshes.length; i ++ ) {
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+
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+ this.meshes[ i ].castShadow = enable;
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+ this.meshes[ i ].receiveShadow = enable;
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+
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+ }
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+
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+ };
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+
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+ this.setVisible = function ( enable ) {
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+
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+ for ( var i = 0; i < this.meshes.length; i ++ ) {
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+
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+ this.meshes[ i ].visible = enable;
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+ this.meshes[ i ].visible = enable;
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+
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+ }
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+
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+ };
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+
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+ this.loadPartsJSON = function ( bodyURL, wheelURL ) {
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+
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+ var loader = new THREE.JSONLoader();
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+
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+ loader.load( { model: bodyURL, callback: function( geometry ) { createBody( geometry ) } } );
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+ loader.load( { model: wheelURL, callback: function( geometry ) { createWheels( geometry ) } } );
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+
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+ };
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+
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+ this.loadPartsBinary = function ( bodyURL, wheelURL ) {
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+
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+ var loader = new THREE.BinaryLoader();
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+
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+ loader.load( { model: bodyURL, callback: function( geometry ) { createBody( geometry ) } } );
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+ loader.load( { model: wheelURL, callback: function( geometry ) { createWheels( geometry ) } } );
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+
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+ };
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+
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+ this.updateCarModel = function ( delta, controls ) {
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+
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+ // speed and wheels based on controls
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+
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+ if ( controls.moveForward ) {
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+
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+ this.speed = clamp( this.speed + delta * this.FRONT_ACCELERATION, this.MAX_REVERSE_SPEED, this.MAX_SPEED );
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+ this.acceleration = clamp( this.acceleration + delta, -1, 1 );
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+
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+ }
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+
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+ if ( controls.moveBackward ) {
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+
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+
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+ this.speed = clamp( this.speed - delta * this.BACK_ACCELERATION, this.MAX_REVERSE_SPEED, this.MAX_SPEED );
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+ this.acceleration = clamp( this.acceleration - delta, -1, 1 );
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+
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+ }
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+
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+ if ( controls.moveLeft ) {
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+
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+ this.wheelOrientation = clamp( this.wheelOrientation + delta * this.WHEEL_ANGULAR_ACCELERATION, - this.MAX_WHEEL_ROTATION, this.MAX_WHEEL_ROTATION );
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+
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+ }
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+
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+ if ( controls.moveRight ) {
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+
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+ this.wheelOrientation = clamp( this.wheelOrientation - delta * this.WHEEL_ANGULAR_ACCELERATION, - this.MAX_WHEEL_ROTATION, this.MAX_WHEEL_ROTATION );
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+
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+ }
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+
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+ // speed decay
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+
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+ if ( ! ( controls.moveForward || controls.moveBackward ) ) {
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+
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+ if ( this.speed > 0 ) {
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+
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+ var k = exponentialEaseOut( this.speed / this.MAX_SPEED );
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+
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+ this.speed = clamp( this.speed - k * delta * this.FRONT_DECCELERATION, 0, this.MAX_SPEED );
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+ this.acceleration = clamp( this.acceleration - k * delta, 0, 1 );
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+
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+ } else {
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+
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+ var k = exponentialEaseOut( this.speed / this.MAX_REVERSE_SPEED );
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+
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+ this.speed = clamp( this.speed + k * delta * this.BACK_ACCELERATION, this.MAX_REVERSE_SPEED, 0 );
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+ this.acceleration = clamp( this.acceleration + k * delta, -1, 0 );
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+
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+ }
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+
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+
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+ }
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+
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+ // steering decay
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+
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+ if ( ! ( controls.moveLeft || controls.moveRight ) ) {
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+
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+ if ( this.wheelOrientation > 0 ) {
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+
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+ this.wheelOrientation = clamp( this.wheelOrientation - delta * this.WHEEL_ANGULAR_DECCELERATION, 0, this.MAX_WHEEL_ROTATION );
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+
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+ } else {
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+
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+ this.wheelOrientation = clamp( this.wheelOrientation + delta * this.WHEEL_ANGULAR_DECCELERATION, - this.MAX_WHEEL_ROTATION, 0 );
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+
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+ }
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+
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+ }
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+
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+ // car update
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+
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+ var forwardDelta = this.speed * delta;
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+
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+ this.carOrientation += ( forwardDelta * this.STEERING_RADIUS_RATIO )* this.wheelOrientation;
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+
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+ // displacement
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+
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+ this.root.position.x += Math.sin( this.carOrientation ) * forwardDelta;
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+ this.root.position.z += Math.cos( this.carOrientation ) * forwardDelta;
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+
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+ // steering
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+
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+ this.root.rotation.y = this.carOrientation;
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+
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+ // tilt
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+
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+ if ( this.loaded ) {
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+
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+ this.bodyMesh.rotation.z = this.MAX_TILT_SIDES * this.wheelOrientation * ( this.speed / this.MAX_SPEED );
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+ this.bodyMesh.rotation.x = - this.MAX_TILT_FRONTBACK * this.acceleration;
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+
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+ }
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+
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+ // wheels rolling
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+
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+ var angularSpeedRatio = 1 / ( this.modelScale * ( this.wheelDiameter / 2 ) );
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+
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+ var wheelDelta = forwardDelta * angularSpeedRatio;
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+
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+ if ( this.loaded ) {
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+
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+ this.frontLeftWheelMesh.rotation.x += wheelDelta;
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+ this.frontRightWheelMesh.rotation.x += wheelDelta;
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+ this.backLeftWheelMesh.rotation.x += wheelDelta;
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+ this.backRightWheelMesh.rotation.x += wheelDelta;
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+
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+ }
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+
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+ // front wheels steering
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+
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+ this.frontLeftWheelRoot.rotation.y = this.wheelOrientation;
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+ this.frontRightWheelRoot.rotation.y = this.wheelOrientation;
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+
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+ };
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+
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+ // internal helper methods
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+
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+ function createBody ( geometry ) {
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+
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+ scope.bodyGeometry = geometry;
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+
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+ createCar();
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+
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+ };
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+
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+ function createWheels ( geometry ) {
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+
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+ scope.wheelGeometry = geometry;
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+
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+ createCar();
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+
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+ };
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+
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+ function createCar () {
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+
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+ if ( scope.bodyGeometry && scope.wheelGeometry ) {
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+
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+ // compute wheel geometry parameters
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+
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+ if ( scope.autoWheelGeometry ) {
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+
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+ scope.wheelGeometry.computeBoundingBox();
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+
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+ var bb = scope.wheelGeometry.boundingBox;
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+
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+ var dx = 0.5 * ( bb.x[ 1 ] + bb.x[ 0 ] );
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+ var dy = 0.5 * ( bb.y[ 1 ] + bb.y[ 0 ] );
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+ var dz = 0.5 * ( bb.z[ 1 ] + bb.z[ 0 ] );
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+
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+ scope.wheelOffsetX = dx;
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+ scope.wheelOffsetY = dy;
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+ scope.wheelOffsetZ = dz;
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+
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+ scope.wheelDiameter = bb.y[ 1 ] - bb.y[ 0 ];
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+
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+ THREE.GeometryUtils.center( scope.wheelGeometry );
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+
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+ }
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+
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+ // rig the car
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+
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+ var delta,
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+ s = scope.modelScale,
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+ faceMaterial = new THREE.MeshFaceMaterial();
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+
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+ // body
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+
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+ scope.bodyMesh = new THREE.Mesh( scope.bodyGeometry, faceMaterial );
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+ scope.bodyMesh.scale.set( s, s, s );
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+
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+ scope.root.add( scope.bodyMesh );
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+
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+ // front left wheel
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+
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+ delta = new THREE.Vector3( s * scope.wheelOffsetX, s * scope.wheelOffsetY, s * scope.wheelOffsetZ );
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+
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+ scope.frontLeftWheelRoot.position.addSelf( delta );
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+
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+ scope.frontLeftWheelMesh = new THREE.Mesh( scope.wheelGeometry, faceMaterial );
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+ scope.frontLeftWheelMesh.scale.set( s, s, s );
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+
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+ scope.frontLeftWheelRoot.add( scope.frontLeftWheelMesh );
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+ scope.root.add( scope.frontLeftWheelRoot );
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+
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+ // front right wheel
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+
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+ delta = new THREE.Vector3( -s * scope.wheelOffsetX, s * scope.wheelOffsetY, s * scope.wheelOffsetZ );
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+
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+ scope.frontRightWheelRoot.position.addSelf( delta );
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+
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+ scope.frontRightWheelMesh = new THREE.Mesh( scope.wheelGeometry, faceMaterial );
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+
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+ scope.frontRightWheelMesh.scale.set( s, s, s );
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+ scope.frontRightWheelMesh.rotation.z = Math.PI;
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+
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+ scope.frontRightWheelRoot.add( scope.frontRightWheelMesh );
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+ scope.root.add( scope.frontRightWheelRoot );
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+
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+ // back left wheel
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+
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+ delta = new THREE.Vector3( s * scope.wheelOffsetX, s * scope.wheelOffsetY, - s * scope.wheelOffsetZ - scope.backWheelOffset );
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+
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+ scope.backLeftWheelMesh = new THREE.Mesh( scope.wheelGeometry, faceMaterial );
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+
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+ scope.backLeftWheelMesh.position.addSelf( delta );
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+ scope.backLeftWheelMesh.scale.set( s, s, s );
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+
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+ scope.root.add( scope.backLeftWheelMesh );
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+
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+ // back right wheel
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+
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+ delta = new THREE.Vector3( -s * scope.wheelOffsetX, s * scope.wheelOffsetY, - s * scope.wheelOffsetZ - scope.backWheelOffset )
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+
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+ scope.backRightWheelMesh = new THREE.Mesh( scope.wheelGeometry, faceMaterial );
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+
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+ scope.backRightWheelMesh.position.addSelf( delta );
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+ scope.backRightWheelMesh.scale.set( s, s, s );
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+ scope.backRightWheelMesh.rotation.z = Math.PI;
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+
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+ scope.root.add( scope.backRightWheelMesh );
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+
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+ // cache meshes
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+
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+ scope.meshes = [ scope.bodyMesh, scope.frontLeftWheelMesh, scope.frontRightWheelMesh, scope.backLeftWheelMesh, scope.backRightWheelMesh ];
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+
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+ // callback
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+
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+ scope.loaded = true;
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+
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+ if ( scope.callback ) {
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+
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+ scope.callback( scope );
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+
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+ }
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+
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+ }
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+
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+ };
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+
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+ function clamp( x, a, b ) { return x < a ? a : ( x > b ? b : x ); }
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+
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+ function quadraticEaseOut( k ) { return - k * ( k - 2 ); }
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+ function cubicEaseOut( k ) { return --k * k * k + 1; }
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+ function circularEaseOut( k ) { return Math.sqrt( 1 - --k * k ); }
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+ function sinusoidalEaseOut( k ) { return Math.sin( k * Math.PI / 2 ); }
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+ function exponentialEaseOut( k ) { return k == 1 ? 1 : - Math.pow( 2, - 10 * k ) + 1; }
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+
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+};
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