three.js/src/renderers/WebGLRenderer.js

/**
 * @author supereggbert / http://www.paulbrunt.co.uk/
 * @author mrdoob / http://mrdoob.com/
 * @author alteredq / http://alteredqualia.com/
 * @author szimek / https://github.com/szimek/
 */

THREE.WebGLRenderer = function ( parameters ) {

	console.log( 'THREE.WebGLRenderer', THREE.REVISION );

	parameters = parameters || {};

	var _canvas = parameters.canvas !== undefined ? parameters.canvas : document.createElement( 'canvas' ),
	_context = parameters.context !== undefined ? parameters.context : null,

	_width = _canvas.width,
	_height = _canvas.height,

	pixelRatio = 1,

	_alpha = parameters.alpha !== undefined ? parameters.alpha : false,
	_depth = parameters.depth !== undefined ? parameters.depth : true,
	_stencil = parameters.stencil !== undefined ? parameters.stencil : true,
	_antialias = parameters.antialias !== undefined ? parameters.antialias : false,
	_premultipliedAlpha = parameters.premultipliedAlpha !== undefined ? parameters.premultipliedAlpha : true,
	_preserveDrawingBuffer = parameters.preserveDrawingBuffer !== undefined ? parameters.preserveDrawingBuffer : false,

	_clearColor = new THREE.Color( 0x000000 ),
	_clearAlpha = 0;

	var lights = [];

	var opaqueObjects = [];
	var opaqueObjectsLastIndex = - 1;
	var transparentObjects = [];
	var transparentObjectsLastIndex = - 1;

	var morphInfluences = new Float32Array( 8 );


	var sprites = [];
	var lensFlares = [];

	// public properties

	this.domElement = _canvas;
	this.context = null;

	// clearing

	this.autoClear = true;
	this.autoClearColor = true;
	this.autoClearDepth = true;
	this.autoClearStencil = true;

	// scene graph

	this.sortObjects = true;

	// physically based shading

	this.gammaFactor = 2.0;	// for backwards compatibility
	this.gammaInput = false;
	this.gammaOutput = false;

	// morphs

	this.maxMorphTargets = 8;
	this.maxMorphNormals = 4;

	// flags

	this.autoScaleCubemaps = true;

	// internal properties

	var _this = this,

	// internal state cache

	_currentProgram = null,
	_currentRenderTarget = null,
	_currentFramebuffer = null,
	_currentMaterialId = - 1,
	_currentGeometryProgram = '',
	_currentCamera = null,

	_usedTextureUnits = 0,

	_viewportX = 0,
	_viewportY = 0,
	_viewportWidth = _canvas.width,
	_viewportHeight = _canvas.height,
	_currentWidth = 0,
	_currentHeight = 0,

	// frustum

	_frustum = new THREE.Frustum(),

	 // camera matrices cache

	_projScreenMatrix = new THREE.Matrix4(),

	_vector3 = new THREE.Vector3(),

	// light arrays cache

	_lights = {

		hash: '',

		ambient: [ 0, 0, 0 ],
		directional: [],
		point: [],
		spot: [],
		hemi: [],

		shadows: [],
		shadowsPointLight: 0

	},

	// info

	_infoMemory = {

		geometries: 0,
		textures: 0

	},

	_infoRender = {

		calls: 0,
		vertices: 0,
		faces: 0,
		points: 0

	};

	this.info = {

		render: _infoRender,
		memory: _infoMemory,
		programs: null

	};


	// initialize

	var _gl;

	try {

		var attributes = {
			alpha: _alpha,
			depth: _depth,
			stencil: _stencil,
			antialias: _antialias,
			premultipliedAlpha: _premultipliedAlpha,
			preserveDrawingBuffer: _preserveDrawingBuffer
		};

		_gl = _context || _canvas.getContext( 'webgl', attributes ) || _canvas.getContext( 'experimental-webgl', attributes );

		if ( _gl === null ) {

			if ( _canvas.getContext( 'webgl' ) !== null ) {

				throw 'Error creating WebGL context with your selected attributes.';

			} else {

				throw 'Error creating WebGL context.';

			}

		}

		_canvas.addEventListener( 'webglcontextlost', onContextLost, false );

	} catch ( error ) {

		console.error( 'THREE.WebGLRenderer: ' + error );

	}

	var extensions = new THREE.WebGLExtensions( _gl );

	extensions.get( 'OES_texture_float' );
	extensions.get( 'OES_texture_float_linear' );
	extensions.get( 'OES_texture_half_float' );
	extensions.get( 'OES_texture_half_float_linear' );
	extensions.get( 'OES_standard_derivatives' );
	extensions.get( 'ANGLE_instanced_arrays' );

	if ( extensions.get( 'OES_element_index_uint' ) ) {

		THREE.BufferGeometry.MaxIndex = 4294967296;

	}

	var capabilities = new THREE.WebGLCapabilities( _gl, extensions, parameters );

	var state = new THREE.WebGLState( _gl, extensions, paramThreeToGL );
	var properties = new THREE.WebGLProperties();
	var objects = new THREE.WebGLObjects( _gl, properties, this.info );
	var programCache = new THREE.WebGLPrograms( this, capabilities );
	var lightCache = new THREE.WebGLLights();

	this.info.programs = programCache.programs;

	var bufferRenderer = new THREE.WebGLBufferRenderer( _gl, extensions, _infoRender );
	var indexedBufferRenderer = new THREE.WebGLIndexedBufferRenderer( _gl, extensions, _infoRender );

	//

	function getTargetPixelRatio() {

		return _currentRenderTarget === null ? pixelRatio : 1;

	}

	function glClearColor( r, g, b, a ) {

		if ( _premultipliedAlpha === true ) {

			r *= a; g *= a; b *= a;

		}

		_gl.clearColor( r, g, b, a );

	}

	function setDefaultGLState() {

		state.init();

		_gl.viewport( _viewportX, _viewportY, _viewportWidth, _viewportHeight );

		glClearColor( _clearColor.r, _clearColor.g, _clearColor.b, _clearAlpha );

	}

	function resetGLState() {

		_currentProgram = null;
		_currentCamera = null;

		_currentGeometryProgram = '';
		_currentMaterialId = - 1;

		state.reset();

	}

	setDefaultGLState();

	this.context = _gl;
	this.capabilities = capabilities;
	this.extensions = extensions;
	this.properties = properties;
	this.state = state;

	// shadow map

	var shadowMap = new THREE.WebGLShadowMap( this, _lights, objects );

	this.shadowMap = shadowMap;


	// Plugins

	var spritePlugin = new THREE.SpritePlugin( this, sprites );
	var lensFlarePlugin = new THREE.LensFlarePlugin( this, lensFlares );

	// API

	this.getContext = function () {

		return _gl;

	};

	this.getContextAttributes = function () {

		return _gl.getContextAttributes();

	};

	this.forceContextLoss = function () {

		extensions.get( 'WEBGL_lose_context' ).loseContext();

	};

	this.getMaxAnisotropy = ( function () {

		var value;

		return function getMaxAnisotropy() {

			if ( value !== undefined ) return value;

			var extension = extensions.get( 'EXT_texture_filter_anisotropic' );

			if ( extension !== null ) {

				value = _gl.getParameter( extension.MAX_TEXTURE_MAX_ANISOTROPY_EXT );

			} else {

				value = 0;

			}

			return value;

		};

	} )();

	this.getPrecision = function () {

		return capabilities.precision;

	};

	this.getPixelRatio = function () {

		return pixelRatio;

	};

	this.setPixelRatio = function ( value ) {

		if ( value !== undefined ) pixelRatio = value;

	};

	this.getSize = function () {

		return {
			width: _width,
			height: _height
		};

	};

	this.setSize = function ( width, height, updateStyle ) {

		_width = width;
		_height = height;

		_canvas.width = width * pixelRatio;
		_canvas.height = height * pixelRatio;

		if ( updateStyle !== false ) {

			_canvas.style.width = width + 'px';
			_canvas.style.height = height + 'px';

		}

		this.setViewport( 0, 0, width, height );

	};

	this.setViewport = function ( x, y, width, height ) {

		_viewportX = x * pixelRatio;
		_viewportY = y * pixelRatio;

		_viewportWidth = width * pixelRatio;
		_viewportHeight = height * pixelRatio;

		_gl.viewport( _viewportX, _viewportY, _viewportWidth, _viewportHeight );

	};

	this.getViewport = function ( dimensions ) {

		dimensions.x = _viewportX / pixelRatio;
		dimensions.y = _viewportY / pixelRatio;

		dimensions.z = _viewportWidth / pixelRatio;
		dimensions.w = _viewportHeight / pixelRatio;

	};

	this.setScissor = function ( x, y, width, height ) {

		_gl.scissor(
			x * pixelRatio,
			y * pixelRatio,
			width * pixelRatio,
			height * pixelRatio
		);

	};

	this.enableScissorTest = function ( boolean ) {

		state.setScissorTest( boolean );

	};

	// Clearing

	this.getClearColor = function () {

		return _clearColor;

	};

	this.setClearColor = function ( color, alpha ) {

		_clearColor.set( color );

		_clearAlpha = alpha !== undefined ? alpha : 1;

		glClearColor( _clearColor.r, _clearColor.g, _clearColor.b, _clearAlpha );

	};

	this.getClearAlpha = function () {

		return _clearAlpha;

	};

	this.setClearAlpha = function ( alpha ) {

		_clearAlpha = alpha;

		glClearColor( _clearColor.r, _clearColor.g, _clearColor.b, _clearAlpha );

	};

	this.clear = function ( color, depth, stencil ) {

		var bits = 0;

		if ( color === undefined || color ) bits |= _gl.COLOR_BUFFER_BIT;
		if ( depth === undefined || depth ) bits |= _gl.DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT;
		if ( stencil === undefined || stencil ) bits |= _gl.STENCIL_BUFFER_BIT;

		_gl.clear( bits );

	};

	this.clearColor = function () {

		_gl.clear( _gl.COLOR_BUFFER_BIT );

	};

	this.clearDepth = function () {

		_gl.clear( _gl.DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT );

	};

	this.clearStencil = function () {

		_gl.clear( _gl.STENCIL_BUFFER_BIT );

	};

	this.clearTarget = function ( renderTarget, color, depth, stencil ) {

		this.setRenderTarget( renderTarget );
		this.clear( color, depth, stencil );

	};

	// Reset

	this.resetGLState = resetGLState;

	this.dispose = function() {

		_canvas.removeEventListener( 'webglcontextlost', onContextLost, false );

	};

	// Events

	function onContextLost( event ) {

		event.preventDefault();

		resetGLState();
		setDefaultGLState();

		properties.clear();

	};

	function onTextureDispose( event ) {

		var texture = event.target;

		texture.removeEventListener( 'dispose', onTextureDispose );

		deallocateTexture( texture );

		_infoMemory.textures --;


	}

	function onRenderTargetDispose( event ) {

		var renderTarget = event.target;

		renderTarget.removeEventListener( 'dispose', onRenderTargetDispose );

		deallocateRenderTarget( renderTarget );

		_infoMemory.textures --;

	}

	function onMaterialDispose( event ) {

		var material = event.target;

		material.removeEventListener( 'dispose', onMaterialDispose );

		deallocateMaterial( material );

	}

	// Buffer deallocation

	function deallocateTexture( texture ) {

		var textureProperties = properties.get( texture );

		if ( texture.image && textureProperties.__image__webglTextureCube ) {

			// cube texture

			_gl.deleteTexture( textureProperties.__image__webglTextureCube );

		} else {

			// 2D texture

			if ( textureProperties.__webglInit === undefined ) return;

			_gl.deleteTexture( textureProperties.__webglTexture );

		}

		// remove all webgl properties
		properties.delete( texture );

	}

	function deallocateRenderTarget( renderTarget ) {

		var renderTargetProperties = properties.get( renderTarget );
		var textureProperties = properties.get( renderTarget.texture );

		if ( ! renderTarget || textureProperties.__webglTexture === undefined ) return;

		_gl.deleteTexture( textureProperties.__webglTexture );

		if ( renderTarget instanceof THREE.WebGLRenderTargetCube ) {

			for ( var i = 0; i < 6; i ++ ) {

				_gl.deleteFramebuffer( renderTargetProperties.__webglFramebuffer[ i ] );
				_gl.deleteRenderbuffer( renderTargetProperties.__webglDepthbuffer[ i ] );

			}

		} else {

			_gl.deleteFramebuffer( renderTargetProperties.__webglFramebuffer );
			_gl.deleteRenderbuffer( renderTargetProperties.__webglDepthbuffer );

		}

		properties.delete( renderTarget.texture );
		properties.delete( renderTarget );

	}

	function deallocateMaterial( material ) {

		releaseMaterialProgramReference( material );

		properties.delete( material );

	}


	function releaseMaterialProgramReference( material ) {

		var programInfo = properties.get( material ).program;

		material.program = undefined;

		if ( programInfo !== undefined ) {

			programCache.releaseProgram( programInfo );

		}

	}

	// Buffer rendering

	this.renderBufferImmediate = function ( object, program, material ) {

		state.initAttributes();

		var buffers = properties.get( object );

		if ( object.hasPositions && ! buffers.position ) buffers.position = _gl.createBuffer();
		if ( object.hasNormals && ! buffers.normal ) buffers.normal = _gl.createBuffer();
		if ( object.hasUvs && ! buffers.uv ) buffers.uv = _gl.createBuffer();
		if ( object.hasColors && ! buffers.color ) buffers.color = _gl.createBuffer();

		var attributes = program.getAttributes();

		if ( object.hasPositions ) {

			_gl.bindBuffer( _gl.ARRAY_BUFFER, buffers.position );
			_gl.bufferData( _gl.ARRAY_BUFFER, object.positionArray, _gl.DYNAMIC_DRAW );

			state.enableAttribute( attributes.position );
			_gl.vertexAttribPointer( attributes.position, 3, _gl.FLOAT, false, 0, 0 );

		}

		if ( object.hasNormals ) {

			_gl.bindBuffer( _gl.ARRAY_BUFFER, buffers.normal );

			if ( material.type !== 'MeshPhongMaterial' && material.type !== 'MeshStandardMaterial' && material.shading === THREE.FlatShading ) {

				for ( var i = 0, l = object.count * 3; i < l; i += 9 ) {

					var array = object.normalArray;

					var nx = ( array[ i + 0 ] + array[ i + 3 ] + array[ i + 6 ] ) / 3;
					var ny = ( array[ i + 1 ] + array[ i + 4 ] + array[ i + 7 ] ) / 3;
					var nz = ( array[ i + 2 ] + array[ i + 5 ] + array[ i + 8 ] ) / 3;

					array[ i + 0 ] = nx;
					array[ i + 1 ] = ny;
					array[ i + 2 ] = nz;

					array[ i + 3 ] = nx;
					array[ i + 4 ] = ny;
					array[ i + 5 ] = nz;

					array[ i + 6 ] = nx;
					array[ i + 7 ] = ny;
					array[ i + 8 ] = nz;

				}

			}

			_gl.bufferData( _gl.ARRAY_BUFFER, object.normalArray, _gl.DYNAMIC_DRAW );

			state.enableAttribute( attributes.normal );

			_gl.vertexAttribPointer( attributes.normal, 3, _gl.FLOAT, false, 0, 0 );

		}

		if ( object.hasUvs && material.map ) {

			_gl.bindBuffer( _gl.ARRAY_BUFFER, buffers.uv );
			_gl.bufferData( _gl.ARRAY_BUFFER, object.uvArray, _gl.DYNAMIC_DRAW );

			state.enableAttribute( attributes.uv );

			_gl.vertexAttribPointer( attributes.uv, 2, _gl.FLOAT, false, 0, 0 );

		}

		if ( object.hasColors && material.vertexColors !== THREE.NoColors ) {

			_gl.bindBuffer( _gl.ARRAY_BUFFER, buffers.color );
			_gl.bufferData( _gl.ARRAY_BUFFER, object.colorArray, _gl.DYNAMIC_DRAW );

			state.enableAttribute( attributes.color );

			_gl.vertexAttribPointer( attributes.color, 3, _gl.FLOAT, false, 0, 0 );

		}

		state.disableUnusedAttributes();

		_gl.drawArrays( _gl.TRIANGLES, 0, object.count );

		object.count = 0;

	};

	this.renderBufferDirect = function ( camera, fog, geometry, material, object, group ) {

		setMaterial( material );

		var program = setProgram( camera, fog, material, object );

		var updateBuffers = false;
		var geometryProgram = geometry.id + '_' + program.id + '_' + material.wireframe;

		if ( geometryProgram !== _currentGeometryProgram ) {

			_currentGeometryProgram = geometryProgram;
			updateBuffers = true;

		}

		// morph targets

		var morphTargetInfluences = object.morphTargetInfluences;

		if ( morphTargetInfluences !== undefined ) {

			var activeInfluences = [];

			for ( var i = 0, l = morphTargetInfluences.length; i < l; i ++ ) {

				var influence = morphTargetInfluences[ i ];
				activeInfluences.push( [ influence, i ] );

			}

			activeInfluences.sort( absNumericalSort );

			if ( activeInfluences.length > 8 ) {

				activeInfluences.length = 8;

			}

			var morphAttributes = geometry.morphAttributes;

			for ( var i = 0, l = activeInfluences.length; i < l; i ++ ) {

				var influence = activeInfluences[ i ];
				morphInfluences[ i ] = influence[ 0 ];

				if ( influence[ 0 ] !== 0 ) {

					var index = influence[ 1 ];

					if ( material.morphTargets === true && morphAttributes.position ) geometry.addAttribute( 'morphTarget' + i, morphAttributes.position[ index ] );
					if ( material.morphNormals === true && morphAttributes.normal ) geometry.addAttribute( 'morphNormal' + i, morphAttributes.normal[ index ] );

				} else {

					if ( material.morphTargets === true ) geometry.removeAttribute( 'morphTarget' + i );
					if ( material.morphNormals === true ) geometry.removeAttribute( 'morphNormal' + i );

				}

			}

			var uniforms = program.getUniforms();

			if ( uniforms.morphTargetInfluences !== null ) {

				_gl.uniform1fv( uniforms.morphTargetInfluences, morphInfluences );

			}

			updateBuffers = true;

		}

		//

		var index = geometry.index;
		var position = geometry.attributes.position;

		if ( material.wireframe === true ) {

			index = objects.getWireframeAttribute( geometry );

		}

		var renderer;

		if ( index !== null ) {

			renderer = indexedBufferRenderer;
			renderer.setIndex( index );

		} else {

			renderer = bufferRenderer;

		}

		if ( updateBuffers ) {

			setupVertexAttributes( material, program, geometry );

			if ( index !== null ) {

				_gl.bindBuffer( _gl.ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, objects.getAttributeBuffer( index ) );

			}

		}

		//

		var dataStart = 0;
		var dataCount = Infinity;

		if ( index !== null ) {

			dataCount = index.count

		} else if ( position !== undefined ) {

			dataCount = position.count;

		}

		var rangeStart = geometry.drawRange.start;
		var rangeCount = geometry.drawRange.count;

		var groupStart = group !== null ? group.start : 0;
		var groupCount = group !== null ? group.count : Infinity;

		var drawStart = Math.max( dataStart, rangeStart, groupStart );
		var drawEnd = Math.min( dataStart + dataCount, rangeStart + rangeCount, groupStart + groupCount ) - 1;

		var drawCount = Math.max( 0, drawEnd - drawStart + 1 );

		//

		if ( object instanceof THREE.Mesh ) {

			if ( material.wireframe === true ) {

				state.setLineWidth( material.wireframeLinewidth * getTargetPixelRatio() );
				renderer.setMode( _gl.LINES );

			} else {

				switch ( object.drawMode ) {

					case THREE.TrianglesDrawMode:
						renderer.setMode( _gl.TRIANGLES );
						break;

					case THREE.TriangleStripDrawMode:
						renderer.setMode( _gl.TRIANGLE_STRIP );
						break;

					case THREE.TriangleFanDrawMode:
						renderer.setMode( _gl.TRIANGLE_FAN );
						break;

				}

			}


		} else if ( object instanceof THREE.Line ) {

			var lineWidth = material.linewidth;

			if ( lineWidth === undefined ) lineWidth = 1; // Not using Line*Material

			state.setLineWidth( lineWidth * getTargetPixelRatio() );

			if ( object instanceof THREE.LineSegments ) {

				renderer.setMode( _gl.LINES );

			} else {

				renderer.setMode( _gl.LINE_STRIP );

			}

		} else if ( object instanceof THREE.Points ) {

			renderer.setMode( _gl.POINTS );

		}

		if ( geometry instanceof THREE.InstancedBufferGeometry && geometry.maxInstancedCount > 0 ) {

			renderer.renderInstances( geometry, drawStart, drawCount );

		} else {

			renderer.render( drawStart, drawCount );

		}

	};

	function setupVertexAttributes( material, program, geometry, startIndex ) {

		var extension;

		if ( geometry instanceof THREE.InstancedBufferGeometry ) {

			extension = extensions.get( 'ANGLE_instanced_arrays' );

			if ( extension === null ) {

				console.error( 'THREE.WebGLRenderer.setupVertexAttributes: using THREE.InstancedBufferGeometry but hardware does not support extension ANGLE_instanced_arrays.' );
				return;

			}

		}

		if ( startIndex === undefined ) startIndex = 0;

		state.initAttributes();

		var geometryAttributes = geometry.attributes;

		var programAttributes = program.getAttributes();

		var materialDefaultAttributeValues = material.defaultAttributeValues;

		for ( var name in programAttributes ) {

			var programAttribute = programAttributes[ name ];

			if ( programAttribute >= 0 ) {

				var geometryAttribute = geometryAttributes[ name ];

				if ( geometryAttribute !== undefined ) {

					var size = geometryAttribute.itemSize;
					var buffer = objects.getAttributeBuffer( geometryAttribute );

					if ( geometryAttribute instanceof THREE.InterleavedBufferAttribute ) {

						var data = geometryAttribute.data;
						var stride = data.stride;
						var offset = geometryAttribute.offset;

						if ( data instanceof THREE.InstancedInterleavedBuffer ) {

							state.enableAttributeAndDivisor( programAttribute, data.meshPerAttribute, extension );

							if ( geometry.maxInstancedCount === undefined ) {

								geometry.maxInstancedCount = data.meshPerAttribute * data.count;

							}

						} else {

							state.enableAttribute( programAttribute );

						}

						_gl.bindBuffer( _gl.ARRAY_BUFFER, buffer );
						_gl.vertexAttribPointer( programAttribute, size, _gl.FLOAT, false, stride * data.array.BYTES_PER_ELEMENT, ( startIndex * stride + offset ) * data.array.BYTES_PER_ELEMENT );

					} else {

						if ( geometryAttribute instanceof THREE.InstancedBufferAttribute ) {

							state.enableAttributeAndDivisor( programAttribute, geometryAttribute.meshPerAttribute, extension );

							if ( geometry.maxInstancedCount === undefined ) {

								geometry.maxInstancedCount = geometryAttribute.meshPerAttribute * geometryAttribute.count;

							}

						} else {

							state.enableAttribute( programAttribute );

						}

						_gl.bindBuffer( _gl.ARRAY_BUFFER, buffer );
						_gl.vertexAttribPointer( programAttribute, size, _gl.FLOAT, false, 0, startIndex * size * 4 ); // 4 bytes per Float32

					}

				} else if ( materialDefaultAttributeValues !== undefined ) {

					var value = materialDefaultAttributeValues[ name ];

					if ( value !== undefined ) {

						switch ( value.length ) {

							case 2:
								_gl.vertexAttrib2fv( programAttribute, value );
								break;

							case 3:
								_gl.vertexAttrib3fv( programAttribute, value );
								break;

							case 4:
								_gl.vertexAttrib4fv( programAttribute, value );
								break;

							default:
								_gl.vertexAttrib1fv( programAttribute, value );

						}

					}

				}

			}

		}

		state.disableUnusedAttributes();

	}

	// Sorting

	function absNumericalSort( a, b ) {

		return Math.abs( b[ 0 ] ) - Math.abs( a[ 0 ] );

	}

	function painterSortStable ( a, b ) {

		if ( a.object.renderOrder !== b.object.renderOrder ) {

			return a.object.renderOrder - b.object.renderOrder;

		} else if ( a.material.id !== b.material.id ) {

			return a.material.id - b.material.id;

		} else if ( a.z !== b.z ) {

			return a.z - b.z;

		} else {

			return a.id - b.id;

		}

	}

	function reversePainterSortStable ( a, b ) {

		if ( a.object.renderOrder !== b.object.renderOrder ) {

			return a.object.renderOrder - b.object.renderOrder;

		} if ( a.z !== b.z ) {

			return b.z - a.z;

		} else {

			return a.id - b.id;

		}

	}

	// Rendering

	this.render = function ( scene, camera, renderTarget, forceClear ) {

		if ( camera instanceof THREE.Camera === false ) {

			console.error( 'THREE.WebGLRenderer.render: camera is not an instance of THREE.Camera.' );
			return;

		}

		var fog = scene.fog;

		// reset caching for this frame

		_currentGeometryProgram = '';
		_currentMaterialId = - 1;
		_currentCamera = null;

		// update scene graph

		if ( scene.autoUpdate === true ) scene.updateMatrixWorld();

		// update camera matrices and frustum

		if ( camera.parent === null ) camera.updateMatrixWorld();

		camera.matrixWorldInverse.getInverse( camera.matrixWorld );

		_projScreenMatrix.multiplyMatrices( camera.projectionMatrix, camera.matrixWorldInverse );
		_frustum.setFromMatrix( _projScreenMatrix );

		lights.length = 0;

		opaqueObjectsLastIndex = - 1;
		transparentObjectsLastIndex = - 1;

		sprites.length = 0;
		lensFlares.length = 0;

		projectObject( scene, camera );

		opaqueObjects.length = opaqueObjectsLastIndex + 1;
		transparentObjects.length = transparentObjectsLastIndex + 1;

		if ( _this.sortObjects === true ) {

			opaqueObjects.sort( painterSortStable );
			transparentObjects.sort( reversePainterSortStable );

		}

		setupLights( lights, camera );

		//

		shadowMap.render( scene, camera );

		//

		_infoRender.calls = 0;
		_infoRender.vertices = 0;
		_infoRender.faces = 0;
		_infoRender.points = 0;

		this.setRenderTarget( renderTarget );

		if ( this.autoClear || forceClear ) {

			this.clear( this.autoClearColor, this.autoClearDepth, this.autoClearStencil );

		}

		//

		if ( scene.overrideMaterial ) {

			var overrideMaterial = scene.overrideMaterial;

			renderObjects( opaqueObjects, camera, fog, overrideMaterial );
			renderObjects( transparentObjects, camera, fog, overrideMaterial );

		} else {

			// opaque pass (front-to-back order)

			state.setBlending( THREE.NoBlending );
			renderObjects( opaqueObjects, camera, fog );

			// transparent pass (back-to-front order)

			renderObjects( transparentObjects, camera, fog );

		}

		// custom render plugins (post pass)

		spritePlugin.render( scene, camera );
		lensFlarePlugin.render( scene, camera, _currentWidth, _currentHeight );

		// Generate mipmap if we're using any kind of mipmap filtering

		if ( renderTarget ) {

			var texture = renderTarget.texture;

			if ( texture.generateMipmaps && isPowerOfTwo( renderTarget ) &&
					texture.minFilter !== THREE.NearestFilter &&
					texture.minFilter !== THREE.LinearFilter ) {

				updateRenderTargetMipmap( renderTarget );

			}

		}

		// Ensure depth buffer writing is enabled so it can be cleared on next render

		state.setDepthTest( true );
		state.setDepthWrite( true );
		state.setColorWrite( true );

		// _gl.finish();

	};

	function pushRenderItem( object, geometry, material, z, group ) {

		var array, index;

		// allocate the next position in the appropriate array

		if ( material.transparent ) {

			array = transparentObjects;
			index = ++ transparentObjectsLastIndex;

		} else {

			array = opaqueObjects;
			index = ++ opaqueObjectsLastIndex;

		}

		// recycle existing render item or grow the array

		var renderItem = array[ index ];

		if ( renderItem !== undefined ) {

			renderItem.id = object.id;
			renderItem.object = object;
			renderItem.geometry = geometry;
			renderItem.material = material;
			renderItem.z = _vector3.z;
			renderItem.group = group;

		} else {

			renderItem = {
				id: object.id,
				object: object,
				geometry: geometry,
				material: material,
				z: _vector3.z,
				group: group
			};

			// assert( index === array.length );
			array.push( renderItem );

		}

	}

	function projectObject( object, camera ) {

		if ( object.visible === false ) return;

		if ( object.layers.test( camera.layers ) ) {

			if ( object instanceof THREE.Light ) {

				lights.push( object );

			} else if ( object instanceof THREE.Sprite ) {

				if ( object.frustumCulled === false || _frustum.intersectsObject( object ) === true ) {

					sprites.push( object );

				}

			} else if ( object instanceof THREE.LensFlare ) {

				lensFlares.push( object );

			} else if ( object instanceof THREE.ImmediateRenderObject ) {

				if ( _this.sortObjects === true ) {

					_vector3.setFromMatrixPosition( object.matrixWorld );
					_vector3.applyProjection( _projScreenMatrix );

				}

				pushRenderItem( object, null, object.material, _vector3.z, null );

			} else if ( object instanceof THREE.Mesh || object instanceof THREE.Line || object instanceof THREE.Points ) {

				if ( object instanceof THREE.SkinnedMesh ) {

					object.skeleton.update();

				}

				if ( object.frustumCulled === false || _frustum.intersectsObject( object ) === true ) {

					var material = object.material;

					if ( material.visible === true ) {

						if ( _this.sortObjects === true ) {

							_vector3.setFromMatrixPosition( object.matrixWorld );
							_vector3.applyProjection( _projScreenMatrix );

						}

						var geometry = objects.update( object );

						if ( material instanceof THREE.MultiMaterial ) {

							var groups = geometry.groups;
							var materials = material.materials;

							for ( var i = 0, l = groups.length; i < l; i ++ ) {

								var group = groups[ i ];
								var groupMaterial = materials[ group.materialIndex ];

								if ( groupMaterial.visible === true ) {

									pushRenderItem( object, geometry, groupMaterial, _vector3.z, group );

								}

							}

						} else {

							pushRenderItem( object, geometry, material, _vector3.z, null );

						}

					}

				}

			}

		}

		var children = object.children;

		for ( var i = 0, l = children.length; i < l; i ++ ) {

			projectObject( children[ i ], camera );

		}

	}

	function renderObjects( renderList, camera, fog, overrideMaterial ) {

		for ( var i = 0, l = renderList.length; i < l; i ++ ) {

			var renderItem = renderList[ i ];

			var object = renderItem.object;
			var geometry = renderItem.geometry;
			var material = overrideMaterial === undefined ? renderItem.material : overrideMaterial;
			var group = renderItem.group;

			object.modelViewMatrix.multiplyMatrices( camera.matrixWorldInverse, object.matrixWorld );
			object.normalMatrix.getNormalMatrix( object.modelViewMatrix );

			if ( object instanceof THREE.ImmediateRenderObject ) {

				setMaterial( material );

				var program = setProgram( camera, fog, material, object );

				_currentGeometryProgram = '';

				object.render( function ( object ) {

					_this.renderBufferImmediate( object, program, material );

				} );

			} else {

				_this.renderBufferDirect( camera, fog, geometry, material, object, group );

			}

		}

	}

	function initMaterial( material, fog, object ) {

		var materialProperties = properties.get( material );

		var parameters = programCache.getParameters( material, _lights, fog, object );
		var code = programCache.getProgramCode( material, parameters );

		var program = materialProperties.program;
		var programChange = true;

		if ( program === undefined ) {

			// new material
			material.addEventListener( 'dispose', onMaterialDispose );

		} else if ( program.code !== code ) {

			// changed glsl or parameters
			releaseMaterialProgramReference( material );

		} else if ( parameters.shaderID !== undefined ) {

			// same glsl and uniform list
			return;

		} else {

			// only rebuild uniform list
			programChange = false;

		}

		if ( programChange ) {

			if ( parameters.shaderID ) {

				var shader = THREE.ShaderLib[ parameters.shaderID ];

				materialProperties.__webglShader = {
					name: material.type,
					uniforms: THREE.UniformsUtils.clone( shader.uniforms ),
					vertexShader: shader.vertexShader,
					fragmentShader: shader.fragmentShader
				};

			} else {

				materialProperties.__webglShader = {
					name: material.type,
					uniforms: material.uniforms,
					vertexShader: material.vertexShader,
					fragmentShader: material.fragmentShader
				};

			}

			material.__webglShader = materialProperties.__webglShader;

			program = programCache.acquireProgram( material, parameters, code );

			materialProperties.program = program;
			material.program = program;

		}

		var attributes = program.getAttributes();

		if ( material.morphTargets ) {

			material.numSupportedMorphTargets = 0;

			for ( var i = 0; i < _this.maxMorphTargets; i ++ ) {

				if ( attributes[ 'morphTarget' + i ] >= 0 ) {

					material.numSupportedMorphTargets ++;

				}

			}

		}

		if ( material.morphNormals ) {

			material.numSupportedMorphNormals = 0;

			for ( i = 0; i < _this.maxMorphNormals; i ++ ) {

				if ( attributes[ 'morphNormal' + i ] >= 0 ) {

					material.numSupportedMorphNormals ++;

				}

			}

		}

		materialProperties.uniformsList = [];

		var uniforms = materialProperties.__webglShader.uniforms,
			uniformLocations = materialProperties.program.getUniforms();

		for ( var u in uniforms ) {

			var location = uniformLocations[ u ];

			if ( location ) {

				materialProperties.uniformsList.push( [ materialProperties.__webglShader.uniforms[ u ], location ] );

			}

		}

		if ( material instanceof THREE.MeshPhongMaterial ||
				material instanceof THREE.MeshLambertMaterial ||
				material instanceof THREE.MeshStandardMaterial ||
				material.lights ) {

			// store the light setup it was created for

			materialProperties.lightsHash = _lights.hash;

			// wire up the material to this renderer's lighting state

			uniforms.ambientLightColor.value = _lights.ambient;
			uniforms.directionalLights.value = _lights.directional;
			uniforms.pointLights.value = _lights.point;
			uniforms.spotLights.value = _lights.spot;
			uniforms.hemisphereLights.value = _lights.hemi;

		}

		// detect dynamic uniforms

		materialProperties.hasDynamicUniforms = false;

		for ( var j = 0, jl = materialProperties.uniformsList.length; j < jl; j ++ ) {

			var uniform = materialProperties.uniformsList[ j ][ 0 ];

			if ( uniform.dynamic === true ) {

				materialProperties.hasDynamicUniforms = true;
				break;

			}

		}

	}

	function setMaterial( material ) {

		setMaterialFaces( material );

		if ( material.transparent === true ) {

			state.setBlending( material.blending, material.blendEquation, material.blendSrc, material.blendDst, material.blendEquationAlpha, material.blendSrcAlpha, material.blendDstAlpha );

		} else {

			state.setBlending( THREE.NoBlending );

		}

		state.setDepthFunc( material.depthFunc );
		state.setDepthTest( material.depthTest );
		state.setDepthWrite( material.depthWrite );
		state.setColorWrite( material.colorWrite );
		state.setPolygonOffset( material.polygonOffset, material.polygonOffsetFactor, material.polygonOffsetUnits );

	}

	function setMaterialFaces( material ) {

		material.side !== THREE.DoubleSide ? state.enable( _gl.CULL_FACE ) : state.disable( _gl.CULL_FACE );
		state.setFlipSided( material.side === THREE.BackSide );

	}

	function setProgram( camera, fog, material, object ) {

		_usedTextureUnits = 0;

		var materialProperties = properties.get( material );

		if ( materialProperties.program === undefined ) {

			material.needsUpdate = true;

		}

		if ( materialProperties.lightsHash !== undefined &&
			materialProperties.lightsHash !== _lights.hash ) {

			material.needsUpdate = true;

		}

		if ( material.needsUpdate ) {

			initMaterial( material, fog, object );
			material.needsUpdate = false;

		}

		var refreshProgram = false;
		var refreshMaterial = false;
		var refreshLights = false;

		var program = materialProperties.program,
			p_uniforms = program.getUniforms(),
			m_uniforms = materialProperties.__webglShader.uniforms;

		if ( program.id !== _currentProgram ) {

			_gl.useProgram( program.program );
			_currentProgram = program.id;

			refreshProgram = true;
			refreshMaterial = true;
			refreshLights = true;

		}

		if ( material.id !== _currentMaterialId ) {

			_currentMaterialId = material.id;

			refreshMaterial = true;

		}

		if ( refreshProgram || camera !== _currentCamera ) {

			_gl.uniformMatrix4fv( p_uniforms.projectionMatrix, false, camera.projectionMatrix.elements );

			if ( capabilities.logarithmicDepthBuffer ) {

				_gl.uniform1f( p_uniforms.logDepthBufFC, 2.0 / ( Math.log( camera.far + 1.0 ) / Math.LN2 ) );

			}


			if ( camera !== _currentCamera ) {

				_currentCamera = camera;

				// lighting uniforms depend on the camera so enforce an update
				// now, in case this material supports lights - or later, when
				// the next material that does gets activated:

				refreshMaterial = true;		// set to true on material change
				refreshLights = true;		// remains set until update done

			}

			// load material specific uniforms
			// (shader material also gets them for the sake of genericity)

			if ( material instanceof THREE.ShaderMaterial ||
				 material instanceof THREE.MeshPhongMaterial ||
				 material instanceof THREE.MeshStandardMaterial ||
				 material.envMap ) {

				if ( p_uniforms.cameraPosition !== undefined ) {

					_vector3.setFromMatrixPosition( camera.matrixWorld );
					_gl.uniform3f( p_uniforms.cameraPosition, _vector3.x, _vector3.y, _vector3.z );

				}

			}

			if ( material instanceof THREE.MeshPhongMaterial ||
				 material instanceof THREE.MeshLambertMaterial ||
				 material instanceof THREE.MeshBasicMaterial ||
				 material instanceof THREE.MeshStandardMaterial ||
				 material instanceof THREE.ShaderMaterial ||
				 material.skinning ) {

				if ( p_uniforms.viewMatrix !== undefined ) {

					_gl.uniformMatrix4fv( p_uniforms.viewMatrix, false, camera.matrixWorldInverse.elements );

				}

			}

		}

		// skinning uniforms must be set even if material didn't change
		// auto-setting of texture unit for bone texture must go before other textures
		// not sure why, but otherwise weird things happen

		if ( material.skinning ) {

			if ( object.bindMatrix && p_uniforms.bindMatrix !== undefined ) {

				_gl.uniformMatrix4fv( p_uniforms.bindMatrix, false, object.bindMatrix.elements );

			}

			if ( object.bindMatrixInverse && p_uniforms.bindMatrixInverse !== undefined ) {

				_gl.uniformMatrix4fv( p_uniforms.bindMatrixInverse, false, object.bindMatrixInverse.elements );

			}

			if ( capabilities.floatVertexTextures && object.skeleton && object.skeleton.useVertexTexture ) {

				if ( p_uniforms.boneTexture !== undefined ) {

					var textureUnit = getTextureUnit();

					_gl.uniform1i( p_uniforms.boneTexture, textureUnit );
					_this.setTexture( object.skeleton.boneTexture, textureUnit );

				}

				if ( p_uniforms.boneTextureWidth !== undefined ) {

					_gl.uniform1i( p_uniforms.boneTextureWidth, object.skeleton.boneTextureWidth );

				}

				if ( p_uniforms.boneTextureHeight !== undefined ) {

					_gl.uniform1i( p_uniforms.boneTextureHeight, object.skeleton.boneTextureHeight );

				}

			} else if ( object.skeleton && object.skeleton.boneMatrices ) {

				if ( p_uniforms.boneGlobalMatrices !== undefined ) {

					_gl.uniformMatrix4fv( p_uniforms.boneGlobalMatrices, false, object.skeleton.boneMatrices );

				}

			}

		}

		if ( refreshMaterial ) {

			if ( material instanceof THREE.MeshPhongMaterial ||
				 material instanceof THREE.MeshLambertMaterial ||
				 material instanceof THREE.MeshStandardMaterial ||
				 material.lights ) {

				// the current material requires lighting info

				// note: all lighting uniforms are always set correctly
				// they simply reference the renderer's state for their
				// values
				//
				// use the current material's .needsUpdate flags to set
				// the GL state when required

				markUniformsLightsNeedsUpdate( m_uniforms, refreshLights );

			}

			// refresh uniforms common to several materials

			if ( fog && material.fog ) {

				refreshUniformsFog( m_uniforms, fog );

			}

			if ( material instanceof THREE.MeshBasicMaterial ||
				 material instanceof THREE.MeshLambertMaterial ||
				 material instanceof THREE.MeshPhongMaterial ||
				 material instanceof THREE.MeshStandardMaterial ) {

				refreshUniformsCommon( m_uniforms, material );

			}

			// refresh single material specific uniforms

			if ( material instanceof THREE.LineBasicMaterial ) {

				refreshUniformsLine( m_uniforms, material );

			} else if ( material instanceof THREE.LineDashedMaterial ) {

				refreshUniformsLine( m_uniforms, material );
				refreshUniformsDash( m_uniforms, material );

			} else if ( material instanceof THREE.PointsMaterial ) {

				refreshUniformsPoints( m_uniforms, material );

			} else if ( material instanceof THREE.MeshPhongMaterial ) {

				refreshUniformsPhong( m_uniforms, material );

			} else if ( material instanceof THREE.MeshStandardMaterial ) {

				refreshUniformsStandard( m_uniforms, material );

			} else if ( material instanceof THREE.MeshDepthMaterial ) {

				m_uniforms.mNear.value = camera.near;
				m_uniforms.mFar.value = camera.far;
				m_uniforms.opacity.value = material.opacity;

			} else if ( material instanceof THREE.MeshNormalMaterial ) {

				m_uniforms.opacity.value = material.opacity;

			}

			if ( shadowMap.enabled ) {

				if ( object.receiveShadow && ! material._shadowPass ) {

					refreshUniformsShadow( m_uniforms, camera );

				}

			}

			// load common uniforms

			loadUniformsGeneric( materialProperties.uniformsList );

		}

		loadUniformsMatrices( p_uniforms, object );

		if ( p_uniforms.modelMatrix !== undefined ) {

			_gl.uniformMatrix4fv( p_uniforms.modelMatrix, false, object.matrixWorld.elements );

		}

		if ( materialProperties.hasDynamicUniforms === true ) {

			updateDynamicUniforms( materialProperties.uniformsList, object, camera );

		}

		return program;

	}

	function updateDynamicUniforms ( uniforms, object, camera ) {

		var dynamicUniforms = [];

		for ( var j = 0, jl = uniforms.length; j < jl; j ++ ) {

			var uniform = uniforms[ j ][ 0 ];
			var onUpdateCallback = uniform.onUpdateCallback;

			if ( onUpdateCallback !== undefined ) {

				onUpdateCallback.bind( uniform )( object, camera );
				dynamicUniforms.push( uniforms[ j ] );

			}

		}

		loadUniformsGeneric( dynamicUniforms );

	}

	// Uniforms (refresh uniforms objects)

	function refreshUniformsCommon ( uniforms, material ) {

		uniforms.opacity.value = material.opacity;

		uniforms.diffuse.value = material.color;

		if ( material.emissive ) {

			uniforms.emissive.value = material.emissive;

		}

		uniforms.map.value = material.map;
		uniforms.specularMap.value = material.specularMap;
		uniforms.alphaMap.value = material.alphaMap;

		if ( material.aoMap ) {

			uniforms.aoMap.value = material.aoMap;
			uniforms.aoMapIntensity.value = material.aoMapIntensity;

		}

		// uv repeat and offset setting priorities
		// 1. color map
		// 2. specular map
		// 3. normal map
		// 4. bump map
		// 5. alpha map
		// 6. emissive map

		var uvScaleMap;

		if ( material.map ) {

			uvScaleMap = material.map;

		} else if ( material.specularMap ) {

			uvScaleMap = material.specularMap;

		} else if ( material.displacementMap ) {

			uvScaleMap = material.displacementMap;

		} else if ( material.normalMap ) {

			uvScaleMap = material.normalMap;

		} else if ( material.bumpMap ) {

			uvScaleMap = material.bumpMap;

		} else if ( material.roughnessMap ) {

			uvScaleMap = material.roughnessMap;

		} else if ( material.metalnessMap ) {

			uvScaleMap = material.metalnessMap;

		} else if ( material.alphaMap ) {

			uvScaleMap = material.alphaMap;

		} else if ( material.emissiveMap ) {

			uvScaleMap = material.emissiveMap;

		}

		if ( uvScaleMap !== undefined ) {

			if ( uvScaleMap instanceof THREE.WebGLRenderTarget ) {

				uvScaleMap = uvScaleMap.texture;

			}

			var offset = uvScaleMap.offset;
			var repeat = uvScaleMap.repeat;

			uniforms.offsetRepeat.value.set( offset.x, offset.y, repeat.x, repeat.y );

		}

		uniforms.envMap.value = material.envMap;
		uniforms.flipEnvMap.value = ( material.envMap instanceof THREE.WebGLRenderTargetCube ) ? 1 : - 1;

		uniforms.reflectivity.value = material.reflectivity;
		uniforms.refractionRatio.value = material.refractionRatio;

	}

	function refreshUniformsLine ( uniforms, material ) {

		uniforms.diffuse.value = material.color;
		uniforms.opacity.value = material.opacity;

	}

	function refreshUniformsDash ( uniforms, material ) {

		uniforms.dashSize.value = material.dashSize;
		uniforms.totalSize.value = material.dashSize + material.gapSize;
		uniforms.scale.value = material.scale;

	}

	function refreshUniformsPoints ( uniforms, material ) {

		uniforms.diffuse.value = material.color;
		uniforms.opacity.value = material.opacity;
		uniforms.size.value = material.size * getTargetPixelRatio();
		uniforms.scale.value = _canvas.height / 2.0; // TODO: Cache this.

		uniforms.map.value = material.map;

		if ( material.map !== null ) {

			var offset = material.map.offset;
			var repeat = material.map.repeat;

			uniforms.offsetRepeat.value.set( offset.x, offset.y, repeat.x, repeat.y );

		}

	}

	function refreshUniformsFog ( uniforms, fog ) {

		uniforms.fogColor.value = fog.color;

		if ( fog instanceof THREE.Fog ) {

			uniforms.fogNear.value = fog.near;
			uniforms.fogFar.value = fog.far;

		} else if ( fog instanceof THREE.FogExp2 ) {

			uniforms.fogDensity.value = fog.density;

		}

	}

	function refreshUniformsPhong ( uniforms, material ) {

		uniforms.specular.value = material.specular;
		uniforms.shininess.value = Math.max( material.shininess, 1e-4 ); // to prevent pow( 0.0, 0.0 )

		if ( material.lightMap ) {

			uniforms.lightMap.value = material.lightMap;
			uniforms.lightMapIntensity.value = material.lightMapIntensity;

		}

		if ( material.emissiveMap ) {

			uniforms.emissiveMap.value = material.emissiveMap;

		}

		if ( material.bumpMap ) {

			uniforms.bumpMap.value = material.bumpMap;
			uniforms.bumpScale.value = material.bumpScale;

		}

		if ( material.normalMap ) {

			uniforms.normalMap.value = material.normalMap;
			uniforms.normalScale.value.copy( material.normalScale );

		}

		if ( material.displacementMap ) {

			uniforms.displacementMap.value = material.displacementMap;
			uniforms.displacementScale.value = material.displacementScale;
			uniforms.displacementBias.value = material.displacementBias;

		}

	}

	function refreshUniformsStandard ( uniforms, material ) {

		uniforms.roughness.value = material.roughness;
		uniforms.metalness.value = material.metalness;

		if ( material.roughnessMap ) {

			uniforms.roughnessMap.value = material.roughnessMap;

		}

		if ( material.metalnessMap ) {

			uniforms.metalnessMap.value = material.metalnessMap;

		}

		if ( material.lightMap ) {

			uniforms.lightMap.value = material.lightMap;
			uniforms.lightMapIntensity.value = material.lightMapIntensity;

		}

		if ( material.emissiveMap ) {

			uniforms.emissiveMap.value = material.emissiveMap;

		}

		if ( material.bumpMap ) {

			uniforms.bumpMap.value = material.bumpMap;
			uniforms.bumpScale.value = material.bumpScale;

		}

		if ( material.normalMap ) {

			uniforms.normalMap.value = material.normalMap;
			uniforms.normalScale.value.copy( material.normalScale );

		}

		if ( material.displacementMap ) {

			uniforms.displacementMap.value = material.displacementMap;
			uniforms.displacementScale.value = material.displacementScale;
			uniforms.displacementBias.value = material.displacementBias;

		}

		if ( material.envMap ) {

			//uniforms.envMap.value = material.envMap; // part of uniforms common
			uniforms.envMapIntensity.value = material.envMapIntensity;

		}

	}

	// If uniforms are marked as clean, they don't need to be loaded to the GPU.

	function markUniformsLightsNeedsUpdate ( uniforms, value ) {

		uniforms.ambientLightColor.needsUpdate = value;

		uniforms.directionalLights.needsUpdate = value;
		uniforms.pointLights.needsUpdate = value;
		uniforms.spotLights.needsUpdate = value;
		uniforms.hemisphereLights.needsUpdate = value;

	}

	function refreshUniformsShadow ( uniforms, camera ) {

		if ( uniforms.shadowMatrix ) {

			var shadows = _lights.shadows;

			for ( var i = 0, l = shadows.length; i < l; i ++ ) {

				var light = shadows[ i ];
				var shadow = light.shadow;

				if ( light instanceof THREE.PointLight ) {

					// for point lights we set the shadow matrix to be a translation-only matrix
					// equal to inverse of the light's position
					_vector3.setFromMatrixPosition( light.matrixWorld ).negate();
					shadow.matrix.identity().setPosition( _vector3 );

					// for point lights we set the sign of the shadowDarkness uniform to be negative
					uniforms.shadowDarkness.value[ i ] = - shadow.darkness;

				} else {

					uniforms.shadowDarkness.value[ i ] = shadow.darkness;

				}

				uniforms.shadowBias.value[ i ] = shadow.bias;
				uniforms.shadowMap.value[ i ] = shadow.map;
				uniforms.shadowMapSize.value[ i ] = shadow.mapSize;
				uniforms.shadowMatrix.value[ i ] = shadow.matrix;

			}

		}

	}

	// Uniforms (load to GPU)

	function loadUniformsMatrices ( uniforms, object ) {

		_gl.uniformMatrix4fv( uniforms.modelViewMatrix, false, object.modelViewMatrix.elements );

		if ( uniforms.normalMatrix ) {

			_gl.uniformMatrix3fv( uniforms.normalMatrix, false, object.normalMatrix.elements );

		}

	}

	function getTextureUnit() {

		var textureUnit = _usedTextureUnits;

		if ( textureUnit >= capabilities.maxTextures ) {

			console.warn( 'WebGLRenderer: trying to use ' + textureUnit + ' texture units while this GPU supports only ' + capabilities.maxTextures );

		}

		_usedTextureUnits += 1;

		return textureUnit;

	}

	function loadUniformsGeneric ( uniforms ) {

		var texture, textureUnit;

		for ( var j = 0, jl = uniforms.length; j < jl; j ++ ) {

			var uniform = uniforms[ j ][ 0 ];

			// needsUpdate property is not added to all uniforms.
			if ( uniform.needsUpdate === false ) continue;

			var type = uniform.type;
			var value = uniform.value;
			var location = uniforms[ j ][ 1 ];

			switch ( type ) {

				case '1i':
					_gl.uniform1i( location, value );
					break;

				case '1f':
					_gl.uniform1f( location, value );
					break;

				case '2f':
					_gl.uniform2f( location, value[ 0 ], value[ 1 ] );
					break;

				case '3f':
					_gl.uniform3f( location, value[ 0 ], value[ 1 ], value[ 2 ] );
					break;

				case '4f':
					_gl.uniform4f( location, value[ 0 ], value[ 1 ], value[ 2 ], value[ 3 ] );
					break;

				case '1iv':
					_gl.uniform1iv( location, value );
					break;

				case '3iv':
					_gl.uniform3iv( location, value );
					break;

				case '1fv':
					_gl.uniform1fv( location, value );
					break;

				case '2fv':
					_gl.uniform2fv( location, value );
					break;

				case '3fv':
					_gl.uniform3fv( location, value );
					break;

				case '4fv':
					_gl.uniform4fv( location, value );
					break;

				case 'Matrix2fv':
					_gl.uniformMatrix2fv( location, false, value );
					break;

				case 'Matrix3fv':
					_gl.uniformMatrix3fv( location, false, value );
					break;

				case 'Matrix4fv':
					_gl.uniformMatrix4fv( location, false, value );
					break;

				//

				case 'i':

					// single integer
					_gl.uniform1i( location, value );

					break;

				case 'f':

					// single float
					_gl.uniform1f( location, value );

					break;

				case 'v2':

					// single THREE.Vector2
					_gl.uniform2f( location, value.x, value.y );

					break;

				case 'v3':

					// single THREE.Vector3
					_gl.uniform3f( location, value.x, value.y, value.z );

					break;

				case 'v4':

					// single THREE.Vector4
					_gl.uniform4f( location, value.x, value.y, value.z, value.w );

					break;

				case 'c':

					// single THREE.Color
					_gl.uniform3f( location, value.r, value.g, value.b );

					break;

				/*
				case 's':

					// TODO: Optimize this.
					for( var propertyName in uniform.properties ) {

						var property = uniform.properties[ propertyName ];
						var locationProperty =  location[ propertyName ];
						var valueProperty = value[ propertyName ];

						switch( property.type ) {
							case 'i':
								_gl.uniform1i( locationProperty, valueProperty );
								break;
							case 'f':
								_gl.uniform1f( locationProperty, valueProperty );
								break;
							case 'v2':
								_gl.uniform2f( locationProperty, valueProperty.x, valueProperty.y );
								break;
							case 'v3':
								_gl.uniform3f( locationProperty, valueProperty.x, valueProperty.y, valueProperty.z );
								break;
							case 'v4':
								_gl.uniform4f( locationProperty, valueProperty.x, valueProperty.y, valueProperty.z, valueProperty.w );
								break;
							case 'c':
								_gl.uniform3f( locationProperty, valueProperty.r, valueProperty.g, valueProperty.b );
								break;
						};

					}

					break;
				*/

				case 'sa':

					// TODO: Optimize this.
					for ( var i = 0; i < value.length; i ++ ) {

						for ( var propertyName in uniform.properties ) {

							var property = uniform.properties[ propertyName ];
							var locationProperty =  location[ i ][ propertyName ];
							var valueProperty = value[ i ][ propertyName ];

							switch ( property.type ) {
								case 'i':
									_gl.uniform1i( locationProperty, valueProperty );
									break;
								case 'f':
									_gl.uniform1f( locationProperty, valueProperty );
									break;
								case 'v2':
									_gl.uniform2f( locationProperty, valueProperty.x, valueProperty.y );
									break;
								case 'v3':
									_gl.uniform3f( locationProperty, valueProperty.x, valueProperty.y, valueProperty.z );
									break;
								case 'v4':
									_gl.uniform4f( locationProperty, valueProperty.x, valueProperty.y, valueProperty.z, valueProperty.w );
									break;
								case 'c':
									_gl.uniform3f( locationProperty, valueProperty.r, valueProperty.g, valueProperty.b );
									break;
							};

						}

					}

					break;

				case 'iv1':

					// flat array of integers (JS or typed array)
					_gl.uniform1iv( location, value );

					break;

				case 'iv':

					// flat array of integers with 3 x N size (JS or typed array)
					_gl.uniform3iv( location, value );

					break;

				case 'fv1':

					// flat array of floats (JS or typed array)
					_gl.uniform1fv( location, value );

					break;

				case 'fv':

					// flat array of floats with 3 x N size (JS or typed array)
					_gl.uniform3fv( location, value );

					break;

				case 'v2v':

					// array of THREE.Vector2

					if ( uniform._array === undefined ) {

						uniform._array = new Float32Array( 2 * value.length );

					}

					for ( var i = 0, i2 = 0, il = value.length; i < il; i ++, i2 += 2 ) {

						uniform._array[ i2 + 0 ] = value[ i ].x;
						uniform._array[ i2 + 1 ] = value[ i ].y;

					}

					_gl.uniform2fv( location, uniform._array );

					break;

				case 'v3v':

					// array of THREE.Vector3

					if ( uniform._array === undefined ) {

						uniform._array = new Float32Array( 3 * value.length );

					}

					for ( var i = 0, i3 = 0, il = value.length; i < il; i ++, i3 += 3 ) {

						uniform._array[ i3 + 0 ] = value[ i ].x;
						uniform._array[ i3 + 1 ] = value[ i ].y;
						uniform._array[ i3 + 2 ] = value[ i ].z;

					}

					_gl.uniform3fv( location, uniform._array );

					break;

				case 'v4v':

					// array of THREE.Vector4

					if ( uniform._array === undefined ) {

						uniform._array = new Float32Array( 4 * value.length );

					}

					for ( var i = 0, i4 = 0, il = value.length; i < il; i ++, i4 += 4 ) {

						uniform._array[ i4 + 0 ] = value[ i ].x;
						uniform._array[ i4 + 1 ] = value[ i ].y;
						uniform._array[ i4 + 2 ] = value[ i ].z;
						uniform._array[ i4 + 3 ] = value[ i ].w;

					}

					_gl.uniform4fv( location, uniform._array );

					break;

				case 'm2':

					// single THREE.Matrix2
					_gl.uniformMatrix2fv( location, false, value.elements );

					break;

				case 'm3':

					// single THREE.Matrix3
					_gl.uniformMatrix3fv( location, false, value.elements );

					break;

				case 'm3v':

					// array of THREE.Matrix3

					if ( uniform._array === undefined ) {

						uniform._array = new Float32Array( 9 * value.length );

					}

					for ( var i = 0, il = value.length; i < il; i ++ ) {

						value[ i ].flattenToArrayOffset( uniform._array, i * 9 );

					}

					_gl.uniformMatrix3fv( location, false, uniform._array );

					break;

				case 'm4':

					// single THREE.Matrix4
					_gl.uniformMatrix4fv( location, false, value.elements );

					break;

				case 'm4v':

					// array of THREE.Matrix4

					if ( uniform._array === undefined ) {

						uniform._array = new Float32Array( 16 * value.length );

					}

					for ( var i = 0, il = value.length; i < il; i ++ ) {

						value[ i ].flattenToArrayOffset( uniform._array, i * 16 );

					}

					_gl.uniformMatrix4fv( location, false, uniform._array );

					break;

				case 't':

					// single THREE.Texture (2d or cube)

					texture = value;
					textureUnit = getTextureUnit();

					_gl.uniform1i( location, textureUnit );

					if ( ! texture ) continue;

					if ( texture instanceof THREE.CubeTexture ||
						 ( Array.isArray( texture.image ) && texture.image.length === 6 ) ) {

						// CompressedTexture can have Array in image :/

						setCubeTexture( texture, textureUnit );

					} else if ( texture instanceof THREE.WebGLRenderTargetCube ) {

						setCubeTextureDynamic( texture.texture, textureUnit );

					} else if ( texture instanceof THREE.WebGLRenderTarget ) {

						_this.setTexture( texture.texture, textureUnit );

					} else {

						_this.setTexture( texture, textureUnit );

					}

					break;

				case 'tv':

					// array of THREE.Texture (2d or cube)

					if ( uniform._array === undefined ) {

						uniform._array = [];

					}

					for ( var i = 0, il = uniform.value.length; i < il; i ++ ) {

						uniform._array[ i ] = getTextureUnit();

					}

					_gl.uniform1iv( location, uniform._array );

					for ( var i = 0, il = uniform.value.length; i < il; i ++ ) {

						texture = uniform.value[ i ];
						textureUnit = uniform._array[ i ];

						if ( ! texture ) continue;

						if ( texture instanceof THREE.CubeTexture ||
							 ( texture.image instanceof Array && texture.image.length === 6 ) ) {

							// CompressedTexture can have Array in image :/

							setCubeTexture( texture, textureUnit );

						} else if ( texture instanceof THREE.WebGLRenderTarget ) {

							_this.setTexture( texture.texture, textureUnit );

						} else if ( texture instanceof THREE.WebGLRenderTargetCube ) {

							setCubeTextureDynamic( texture.texture, textureUnit );

						} else {

							_this.setTexture( texture, textureUnit );

						}

					}

					break;

				default:

					console.warn( 'THREE.WebGLRenderer: Unknown uniform type: ' + type );

			}

		}

	}

	function setupLights ( lights, camera ) {

		var l, ll, light,
		r = 0, g = 0, b = 0,
		color,
		intensity,
		distance,

		viewMatrix = camera.matrixWorldInverse,

		directionalLength = 0,
		pointLength = 0,
		spotLength = 0,
		hemiLength = 0,

		shadowsLength = 0;

		_lights.shadowsPointLight = 0;

		for ( l = 0, ll = lights.length; l < ll; l ++ ) {

			light = lights[ l ];

			color = light.color;
			intensity = light.intensity;
			distance = light.distance;

			if ( light instanceof THREE.AmbientLight ) {

				r += color.r * intensity;
				g += color.g * intensity;
				b += color.b * intensity;

			} else if ( light instanceof THREE.DirectionalLight ) {

				var uniforms = lightCache.get( light );

				uniforms.direction.setFromMatrixPosition( light.matrixWorld );
				_vector3.setFromMatrixPosition( light.target.matrixWorld );
				uniforms.direction.sub( _vector3 );
				uniforms.direction.transformDirection( viewMatrix );
				uniforms.color.copy( light.color ).multiplyScalar( light.intensity );

				if ( light.castShadow ) {

					uniforms.shadow = shadowsLength;

					_lights.shadows[ shadowsLength ++ ] = light;

				} else {

					uniforms.shadow = - 1;

				}

				_lights.directional[ directionalLength ++ ] = uniforms;

			} else if ( light instanceof THREE.PointLight ) {

				var uniforms = lightCache.get( light );

				uniforms.position.setFromMatrixPosition( light.matrixWorld );
				uniforms.position.applyMatrix4( viewMatrix );

				uniforms.color.copy( light.color ).multiplyScalar( light.intensity );
				uniforms.distance = light.distance;
				uniforms.decay = ( light.distance === 0 ) ? 0.0 : light.decay;

				if ( light.castShadow ) {

					uniforms.shadow = shadowsLength;

					_lights.shadows[ shadowsLength ++ ] = light;
					_lights.shadowsPointLight ++;

				} else {

					uniforms.shadow = - 1;

				}

				_lights.point[ pointLength ++ ] = uniforms;

			} else if ( light instanceof THREE.SpotLight ) {

				var uniforms = lightCache.get( light );

				uniforms.position.setFromMatrixPosition( light.matrixWorld );
				uniforms.position.applyMatrix4( viewMatrix );

				uniforms.color.copy( color ).multiplyScalar( intensity );
				uniforms.distance = distance;

				uniforms.direction.setFromMatrixPosition( light.matrixWorld );
				_vector3.setFromMatrixPosition( light.target.matrixWorld );
				uniforms.direction.sub( _vector3 );
				uniforms.direction.transformDirection( viewMatrix );

				uniforms.angleCos = Math.cos( light.angle );
				uniforms.exponent = light.exponent;
				uniforms.decay = ( light.distance === 0 ) ? 0.0 : light.decay;

				if ( light.castShadow ) {

					uniforms.shadow = shadowsLength;

					_lights.shadows[ shadowsLength ++ ] = light;

				} else {

					uniforms.shadow = - 1;

				}

				_lights.spot[ spotLength ++ ] = uniforms;

			} else if ( light instanceof THREE.HemisphereLight ) {

				var uniforms = lightCache.get( light );

				uniforms.direction.setFromMatrixPosition( light.matrixWorld );
				uniforms.direction.transformDirection( viewMatrix );
				uniforms.direction.normalize();

				uniforms.skyColor.copy( light.color ).multiplyScalar( intensity );
				uniforms.groundColor.copy( light.groundColor ).multiplyScalar( intensity );

				_lights.hemi[ hemiLength ++ ] = uniforms;

			}

		}

		_lights.ambient[ 0 ] = r;
		_lights.ambient[ 1 ] = g;
		_lights.ambient[ 2 ] = b;

		_lights.directional.length = directionalLength;
		_lights.point.length = pointLength;
		_lights.spot.length = spotLength;
		_lights.hemi.length = hemiLength;

		_lights.shadows.length = shadowsLength;

		_lights.hash = directionalLength + ',' + pointLength + ',' + spotLength + ',' + hemiLength + ',' + shadowsLength;

	}

	// GL state setting

	this.setFaceCulling = function ( cullFace, frontFaceDirection ) {

		if ( cullFace === THREE.CullFaceNone ) {

			state.disable( _gl.CULL_FACE );

		} else {

			if ( frontFaceDirection === THREE.FrontFaceDirectionCW ) {

				_gl.frontFace( _gl.CW );

			} else {

				_gl.frontFace( _gl.CCW );

			}

			if ( cullFace === THREE.CullFaceBack ) {

				_gl.cullFace( _gl.BACK );

			} else if ( cullFace === THREE.CullFaceFront ) {

				_gl.cullFace( _gl.FRONT );

			} else {

				_gl.cullFace( _gl.FRONT_AND_BACK );

			}

			state.enable( _gl.CULL_FACE );

		}

	};

	// Textures

	function setTextureParameters ( textureType, texture, isImagePowerOfTwo ) {

		var extension;

		if ( isImagePowerOfTwo ) {

			_gl.texParameteri( textureType, _gl.TEXTURE_WRAP_S, paramThreeToGL( texture.wrapS ) );
			_gl.texParameteri( textureType, _gl.TEXTURE_WRAP_T, paramThreeToGL( texture.wrapT ) );

			_gl.texParameteri( textureType, _gl.TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, paramThreeToGL( texture.magFilter ) );
			_gl.texParameteri( textureType, _gl.TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, paramThreeToGL( texture.minFilter ) );

		} else {

			_gl.texParameteri( textureType, _gl.TEXTURE_WRAP_S, _gl.CLAMP_TO_EDGE );
			_gl.texParameteri( textureType, _gl.TEXTURE_WRAP_T, _gl.CLAMP_TO_EDGE );

			if ( texture.wrapS !== THREE.ClampToEdgeWrapping || texture.wrapT !== THREE.ClampToEdgeWrapping ) {

				console.warn( 'THREE.WebGLRenderer: Texture is not power of two. Texture.wrapS and Texture.wrapT should be set to THREE.ClampToEdgeWrapping.', texture );

			}

			_gl.texParameteri( textureType, _gl.TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, filterFallback( texture.magFilter ) );
			_gl.texParameteri( textureType, _gl.TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, filterFallback( texture.minFilter ) );

			if ( texture.minFilter !== THREE.NearestFilter && texture.minFilter !== THREE.LinearFilter ) {

				console.warn( 'THREE.WebGLRenderer: Texture is not power of two. Texture.minFilter should be set to THREE.NearestFilter or THREE.LinearFilter.', texture );

			}

		}

		extension = extensions.get( 'EXT_texture_filter_anisotropic' );

		if ( extension ) {

			if ( texture.type === THREE.FloatType && extensions.get( 'OES_texture_float_linear' ) === null ) return;
			if ( texture.type === THREE.HalfFloatType && extensions.get( 'OES_texture_half_float_linear' ) === null ) return;

			if ( texture.anisotropy > 1 || properties.get( texture ).__currentAnisotropy ) {

				_gl.texParameterf( textureType, extension.TEXTURE_MAX_ANISOTROPY_EXT, Math.min( texture.anisotropy, _this.getMaxAnisotropy() ) );
				properties.get( texture ).__currentAnisotropy = texture.anisotropy;

			}

		}

	}

	function uploadTexture( textureProperties, texture, slot ) {

		if ( textureProperties.__webglInit === undefined ) {

			textureProperties.__webglInit = true;

			texture.addEventListener( 'dispose', onTextureDispose );

			textureProperties.__webglTexture = _gl.createTexture();

			_infoMemory.textures ++;

		}

		state.activeTexture( _gl.TEXTURE0 + slot );
		state.bindTexture( _gl.TEXTURE_2D, textureProperties.__webglTexture );

		_gl.pixelStorei( _gl.UNPACK_FLIP_Y_WEBGL, texture.flipY );
		_gl.pixelStorei( _gl.UNPACK_PREMULTIPLY_ALPHA_WEBGL, texture.premultiplyAlpha );
		_gl.pixelStorei( _gl.UNPACK_ALIGNMENT, texture.unpackAlignment );

		texture.image = clampToMaxSize( texture.image, capabilities.maxTextureSize );

		if ( textureNeedsPowerOfTwo( texture ) && isPowerOfTwo( texture.image ) === false ) {

			texture.image = makePowerOfTwo( texture.image );

		}

		var image = texture.image,
		isImagePowerOfTwo = isPowerOfTwo( image ),
		glFormat = paramThreeToGL( texture.format ),
		glType = paramThreeToGL( texture.type );

		setTextureParameters( _gl.TEXTURE_2D, texture, isImagePowerOfTwo );

		var mipmap, mipmaps = texture.mipmaps;

		if ( texture instanceof THREE.DataTexture ) {

			// use manually created mipmaps if available
			// if there are no manual mipmaps
			// set 0 level mipmap and then use GL to generate other mipmap levels

			if ( mipmaps.length > 0 && isImagePowerOfTwo ) {

				for ( var i = 0, il = mipmaps.length; i < il; i ++ ) {

					mipmap = mipmaps[ i ];
					state.texImage2D( _gl.TEXTURE_2D, i, glFormat, mipmap.width, mipmap.height, 0, glFormat, glType, mipmap.data );

				}

				texture.generateMipmaps = false;

			} else {

				state.texImage2D( _gl.TEXTURE_2D, 0, glFormat, image.width, image.height, 0, glFormat, glType, image.data );

			}

		} else if ( texture instanceof THREE.CompressedTexture ) {

			for ( var i = 0, il = mipmaps.length; i < il; i ++ ) {

				mipmap = mipmaps[ i ];

				if ( texture.format !== THREE.RGBAFormat && texture.format !== THREE.RGBFormat ) {

					if ( state.getCompressedTextureFormats().indexOf( glFormat ) > - 1 ) {

						state.compressedTexImage2D( _gl.TEXTURE_2D, i, glFormat, mipmap.width, mipmap.height, 0, mipmap.data );

					} else {

						console.warn( "THREE.WebGLRenderer: Attempt to load unsupported compressed texture format in .uploadTexture()" );

					}

				} else {

					state.texImage2D( _gl.TEXTURE_2D, i, glFormat, mipmap.width, mipmap.height, 0, glFormat, glType, mipmap.data );

				}

			}

		} else {

			// regular Texture (image, video, canvas)

			// use manually created mipmaps if available
			// if there are no manual mipmaps
			// set 0 level mipmap and then use GL to generate other mipmap levels

			if ( mipmaps.length > 0 && isImagePowerOfTwo ) {

				for ( var i = 0, il = mipmaps.length; i < il; i ++ ) {

					mipmap = mipmaps[ i ];
					state.texImage2D( _gl.TEXTURE_2D, i, glFormat, glFormat, glType, mipmap );

				}

				texture.generateMipmaps = false;

			} else {

				state.texImage2D( _gl.TEXTURE_2D, 0, glFormat, glFormat, glType, texture.image );

			}

		}

		if ( texture.generateMipmaps && isImagePowerOfTwo ) _gl.generateMipmap( _gl.TEXTURE_2D );

		textureProperties.__version = texture.version;

		if ( texture.onUpdate ) texture.onUpdate( texture );

	}

	this.setTexture = function ( texture, slot ) {

		var textureProperties = properties.get( texture );

		if ( texture.version > 0 && textureProperties.__version !== texture.version ) {

			var image = texture.image;

			if ( image === undefined ) {

				console.warn( 'THREE.WebGLRenderer: Texture marked for update but image is undefined', texture );
				return;

			}

			if ( image.complete === false ) {

				console.warn( 'THREE.WebGLRenderer: Texture marked for update but image is incomplete', texture );
				return;

			}

			uploadTexture( textureProperties, texture, slot );

			return;

		}

		state.activeTexture( _gl.TEXTURE0 + slot );
		state.bindTexture( _gl.TEXTURE_2D, textureProperties.__webglTexture );

	};

	function clampToMaxSize ( image, maxSize ) {

		if ( image.width > maxSize || image.height > maxSize ) {

			// Warning: Scaling through the canvas will only work with images that use
			// premultiplied alpha.

			var scale = maxSize / Math.max( image.width, image.height );

			var canvas = document.createElement( 'canvas' );
			canvas.width = Math.floor( image.width * scale );
			canvas.height = Math.floor( image.height * scale );

			var context = canvas.getContext( '2d' );
			context.drawImage( image, 0, 0, image.width, image.height, 0, 0, canvas.width, canvas.height );

			console.warn( 'THREE.WebGLRenderer: image is too big (' + image.width + 'x' + image.height + '). Resized to ' + canvas.width + 'x' + canvas.height, image );

			return canvas;

		}

		return image;

	}

	function isPowerOfTwo( image ) {

		return THREE.Math.isPowerOfTwo( image.width ) && THREE.Math.isPowerOfTwo( image.height );

	}

	function textureNeedsPowerOfTwo( texture ) {

		if ( texture.wrapS !== THREE.ClampToEdgeWrapping || texture.wrapT !== THREE.ClampToEdgeWrapping ) return true;
		if ( texture.minFilter !== THREE.NearestFilter && texture.minFilter !== THREE.LinearFilter ) return true;

		return false;

	}

	function makePowerOfTwo( image ) {

		if ( image instanceof HTMLImageElement || image instanceof HTMLCanvasElement ) {

			var canvas = document.createElement( 'canvas' );
			canvas.width = THREE.Math.nearestPowerOfTwo( image.width );
			canvas.height = THREE.Math.nearestPowerOfTwo( image.height );

			var context = canvas.getContext( '2d' );
			context.drawImage( image, 0, 0, canvas.width, canvas.height );

			console.warn( 'THREE.WebGLRenderer: image is not power of two (' + image.width + 'x' + image.height + '). Resized to ' + canvas.width + 'x' + canvas.height, image );

			return canvas;

		}

		return image;

	}

	function setCubeTexture ( texture, slot ) {

		var textureProperties = properties.get( texture );

		if ( texture.image.length === 6 ) {

			if ( texture.version > 0 && textureProperties.__version !== texture.version ) {

				if ( ! textureProperties.__image__webglTextureCube ) {

					texture.addEventListener( 'dispose', onTextureDispose );

					textureProperties.__image__webglTextureCube = _gl.createTexture();

					_infoMemory.textures ++;

				}

				state.activeTexture( _gl.TEXTURE0 + slot );
				state.bindTexture( _gl.TEXTURE_CUBE_MAP, textureProperties.__image__webglTextureCube );

				_gl.pixelStorei( _gl.UNPACK_FLIP_Y_WEBGL, texture.flipY );

				var isCompressed = texture instanceof THREE.CompressedTexture;
				var isDataTexture = texture.image[ 0 ] instanceof THREE.DataTexture;

				var cubeImage = [];

				for ( var i = 0; i < 6; i ++ ) {

					if ( _this.autoScaleCubemaps && ! isCompressed && ! isDataTexture ) {

						cubeImage[ i ] = clampToMaxSize( texture.image[ i ], capabilities.maxCubemapSize );

					} else {

						cubeImage[ i ] = isDataTexture ? texture.image[ i ].image : texture.image[ i ];

					}

				}

				var image = cubeImage[ 0 ],
				isImagePowerOfTwo = isPowerOfTwo( image ),
				glFormat = paramThreeToGL( texture.format ),
				glType = paramThreeToGL( texture.type );

				setTextureParameters( _gl.TEXTURE_CUBE_MAP, texture, isImagePowerOfTwo );

				for ( var i = 0; i < 6; i ++ ) {

					if ( ! isCompressed ) {

						if ( isDataTexture ) {

							state.texImage2D( _gl.TEXTURE_CUBE_MAP_POSITIVE_X + i, 0, glFormat, cubeImage[ i ].width, cubeImage[ i ].height, 0, glFormat, glType, cubeImage[ i ].data );

						} else {

							state.texImage2D( _gl.TEXTURE_CUBE_MAP_POSITIVE_X + i, 0, glFormat, glFormat, glType, cubeImage[ i ] );

						}

					} else {

						var mipmap, mipmaps = cubeImage[ i ].mipmaps;

						for ( var j = 0, jl = mipmaps.length; j < jl; j ++ ) {

							mipmap = mipmaps[ j ];

							if ( texture.format !== THREE.RGBAFormat && texture.format !== THREE.RGBFormat ) {

								if ( state.getCompressedTextureFormats().indexOf( glFormat ) > - 1 ) {

									state.compressedTexImage2D( _gl.TEXTURE_CUBE_MAP_POSITIVE_X + i, j, glFormat, mipmap.width, mipmap.height, 0, mipmap.data );

								} else {

									console.warn( "THREE.WebGLRenderer: Attempt to load unsupported compressed texture format in .setCubeTexture()" );

								}

							} else {

								state.texImage2D( _gl.TEXTURE_CUBE_MAP_POSITIVE_X + i, j, glFormat, mipmap.width, mipmap.height, 0, glFormat, glType, mipmap.data );

							}

						}

					}

				}

				if ( texture.generateMipmaps && isImagePowerOfTwo ) {

					_gl.generateMipmap( _gl.TEXTURE_CUBE_MAP );

				}

				textureProperties.__version = texture.version;

				if ( texture.onUpdate ) texture.onUpdate( texture );

			} else {

				state.activeTexture( _gl.TEXTURE0 + slot );
				state.bindTexture( _gl.TEXTURE_CUBE_MAP, textureProperties.__image__webglTextureCube );

			}

		}

	}

	function setCubeTextureDynamic ( texture, slot ) {

		state.activeTexture( _gl.TEXTURE0 + slot );
		state.bindTexture( _gl.TEXTURE_CUBE_MAP, properties.get( texture ).__webglTexture );

	}

	// Render targets

	// Setup storage for target texture and bind it to correct framebuffer
	function setupFrameBufferTexture ( framebuffer, renderTarget, attachment, textureTarget ) {

		var glFormat = paramThreeToGL( renderTarget.texture.format );
		var glType = paramThreeToGL( renderTarget.texture.type );
		state.texImage2D( textureTarget, 0, glFormat, renderTarget.width, renderTarget.height, 0, glFormat, glType, null );
		_gl.bindFramebuffer( _gl.FRAMEBUFFER, framebuffer );
		_gl.framebufferTexture2D( _gl.FRAMEBUFFER, attachment, textureTarget, properties.get( renderTarget.texture ).__webglTexture, 0 );
		_gl.bindFramebuffer( _gl.FRAMEBUFFER, null );

	}

	// Setup storage for internal depth/stencil buffers and bind to correct framebuffer
	function setupRenderBufferStorage ( renderbuffer, renderTarget ) {

		_gl.bindRenderbuffer( _gl.RENDERBUFFER, renderbuffer );

		if ( renderTarget.depthBuffer && ! renderTarget.stencilBuffer ) {

			_gl.renderbufferStorage( _gl.RENDERBUFFER, _gl.DEPTH_COMPONENT16, renderTarget.width, renderTarget.height );
			_gl.framebufferRenderbuffer( _gl.FRAMEBUFFER, _gl.DEPTH_ATTACHMENT, _gl.RENDERBUFFER, renderbuffer );

		} else if ( renderTarget.depthBuffer && renderTarget.stencilBuffer ) {

			_gl.renderbufferStorage( _gl.RENDERBUFFER, _gl.DEPTH_STENCIL, renderTarget.width, renderTarget.height );
			_gl.framebufferRenderbuffer( _gl.FRAMEBUFFER, _gl.DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT, _gl.RENDERBUFFER, renderbuffer );

		} else {

			// FIXME: We don't support !depth !stencil
			_gl.renderbufferStorage( _gl.RENDERBUFFER, _gl.RGBA4, renderTarget.width, renderTarget.height );

		}

		_gl.bindRenderbuffer( _gl.RENDERBUFFER, null );

	}

	// Setup GL resources for a non-texture depth buffer
	function setupDepthRenderbuffer( renderTarget ) {

		var renderTargetProperties = properties.get( renderTarget );

		var isCube = ( renderTarget instanceof THREE.WebGLRenderTargetCube );

		if ( isCube ) {

			renderTargetProperties.__webglDepthbuffer = [];

			for ( var i = 0; i < 6; i ++ ) {

				_gl.bindFramebuffer( _gl.FRAMEBUFFER, renderTargetProperties.__webglFramebuffer[ i ] );
				renderTargetProperties.__webglDepthbuffer[ i ] = _gl.createRenderbuffer();
				setupRenderBufferStorage( renderTargetProperties.__webglDepthbuffer[ i ], renderTarget );

			}

		} else {

			_gl.bindFramebuffer( _gl.FRAMEBUFFER, renderTargetProperties.__webglFramebuffer );
			renderTargetProperties.__webglDepthbuffer = _gl.createRenderbuffer();
			setupRenderBufferStorage( renderTargetProperties.__webglDepthbuffer, renderTarget );

		}

		_gl.bindFramebuffer( _gl.FRAMEBUFFER, null );

	}

	// Set up GL resources for the render target
	function setupRenderTarget( renderTarget ) {

		var renderTargetProperties = properties.get( renderTarget );
		var textureProperties = properties.get( renderTarget.texture );

		renderTarget.addEventListener( 'dispose', onRenderTargetDispose );

		textureProperties.__webglTexture = _gl.createTexture();

		_infoMemory.textures ++;

		var isCube = ( renderTarget instanceof THREE.WebGLRenderTargetCube );
		var isTargetPowerOfTwo = THREE.Math.isPowerOfTwo( renderTarget.width ) && THREE.Math.isPowerOfTwo( renderTarget.height );

		// Setup framebuffer

		if ( isCube ) {

			renderTargetProperties.__webglFramebuffer = [];

			for ( var i = 0; i < 6; i ++ ) {

				renderTargetProperties.__webglFramebuffer[ i ] = _gl.createFramebuffer();

			}

		} else {

			renderTargetProperties.__webglFramebuffer = _gl.createFramebuffer();

		}

		// Setup color buffer

		if ( isCube ) {

			state.bindTexture( _gl.TEXTURE_CUBE_MAP, textureProperties.__webglTexture );
			setTextureParameters( _gl.TEXTURE_CUBE_MAP, renderTarget.texture, isTargetPowerOfTwo );
			for ( var i = 0; i < 6; i ++ ) {

				setupFrameBufferTexture( renderTargetProperties.__webglFramebuffer[ i ], renderTarget, _gl.COLOR_ATTACHMENT0, _gl.TEXTURE_CUBE_MAP_POSITIVE_X + i );

			}

			if ( renderTarget.texture.generateMipmaps && isTargetPowerOfTwo ) _gl.generateMipmap( _gl.TEXTURE_CUBE_MAP );
			state.bindTexture( _gl.TEXTURE_CUBE_MAP, null );

		} else {

			state.bindTexture( _gl.TEXTURE_2D, textureProperties.__webglTexture );
			setTextureParameters( _gl.TEXTURE_2D, renderTarget.texture, isTargetPowerOfTwo );
			setupFrameBufferTexture( renderTargetProperties.__webglFramebuffer, renderTarget, _gl.COLOR_ATTACHMENT0, _gl.TEXTURE_2D );

			if ( renderTarget.texture.generateMipmaps && isTargetPowerOfTwo ) _gl.generateMipmap( _gl.TEXTURE_2D );
			state.bindTexture( _gl.TEXTURE_2D, null );

		}

		// Setup depth and stencil buffers

		if ( renderTarget.depthBuffer ) {

			setupDepthRenderbuffer( renderTarget );

		}

	}

	this.setRenderTarget = function ( renderTarget ) {

		_currentRenderTarget = renderTarget;

		if ( renderTarget && properties.get( renderTarget ).__webglFramebuffer === undefined ) {

			setupRenderTarget( renderTarget );

		}

		var isCube = ( renderTarget instanceof THREE.WebGLRenderTargetCube );
		var framebuffer, width, height, vx, vy;

		if ( renderTarget ) {

			var renderTargetProperties = properties.get( renderTarget );

			if ( isCube ) {

				framebuffer = renderTargetProperties.__webglFramebuffer[ renderTarget.activeCubeFace ];

			} else {

				framebuffer = renderTargetProperties.__webglFramebuffer;

			}

			width = renderTarget.width;
			height = renderTarget.height;

			vx = 0;
			vy = 0;

		} else {

			framebuffer = null;

			width = _viewportWidth;
			height = _viewportHeight;

			vx = _viewportX;
			vy = _viewportY;

		}

		if ( framebuffer !== _currentFramebuffer ) {

			_gl.bindFramebuffer( _gl.FRAMEBUFFER, framebuffer );
			_gl.viewport( vx, vy, width, height );

			_currentFramebuffer = framebuffer;

		}

		if ( isCube ) {

			var textureProperties = properties.get( renderTarget.texture );
			_gl.framebufferTexture2D( _gl.FRAMEBUFFER, _gl.COLOR_ATTACHMENT0, _gl.TEXTURE_CUBE_MAP_POSITIVE_X + renderTarget.activeCubeFace, textureProperties.__webglTexture, 0 );

		}

		_currentWidth = width;
		_currentHeight = height;

	};

	this.readRenderTargetPixels = function ( renderTarget, x, y, width, height, buffer ) {

		if ( renderTarget instanceof THREE.WebGLRenderTarget === false ) {

			console.error( 'THREE.WebGLRenderer.readRenderTargetPixels: renderTarget is not THREE.WebGLRenderTarget.' );
			return;

		}

		var framebuffer = properties.get( renderTarget ).__webglFramebuffer;

		if ( framebuffer ) {

			var restore = false;

			if ( framebuffer !== _currentFramebuffer ) {

				_gl.bindFramebuffer( _gl.FRAMEBUFFER, framebuffer );

				restore = true;

			}

			try {

				var texture = renderTarget.texture;

				if ( texture.format !== THREE.RGBAFormat
					&& paramThreeToGL( texture.format ) !== _gl.getParameter( _gl.IMPLEMENTATION_COLOR_READ_FORMAT ) ) {

					console.error( 'THREE.WebGLRenderer.readRenderTargetPixels: renderTarget is not in RGBA or implementation defined format.' );
					return;

				}

				if ( texture.type !== THREE.UnsignedByteType
					&& paramThreeToGL( texture.type ) !== _gl.getParameter( _gl.IMPLEMENTATION_COLOR_READ_TYPE )
					&& ! ( texture.type === THREE.FloatType && extensions.get( 'WEBGL_color_buffer_float' ) )
					&& ! ( texture.type === THREE.HalfFloatType && extensions.get( 'EXT_color_buffer_half_float' ) ) ) {

					console.error( 'THREE.WebGLRenderer.readRenderTargetPixels: renderTarget is not in UnsignedByteType or implementation defined type.' );
					return;

				}

				if ( _gl.checkFramebufferStatus( _gl.FRAMEBUFFER ) === _gl.FRAMEBUFFER_COMPLETE ) {

					_gl.readPixels( x, y, width, height, paramThreeToGL( texture.format ), paramThreeToGL( texture.type ), buffer );

				} else {

					console.error( 'THREE.WebGLRenderer.readRenderTargetPixels: readPixels from renderTarget failed. Framebuffer not complete.' );

				}

			} finally {

				if ( restore ) {

					_gl.bindFramebuffer( _gl.FRAMEBUFFER, _currentFramebuffer );

				}

			}

		}

	};

	function updateRenderTargetMipmap( renderTarget ) {

		var target = renderTarget instanceof THREE.WebGLRenderTargetCube ? _gl.TEXTURE_CUBE_MAP : _gl.TEXTURE_2D;
		var texture = properties.get( renderTarget.texture ).__webglTexture;

		state.bindTexture( target, texture );
		_gl.generateMipmap( target );
		state.bindTexture( target, null );

	}

	// Fallback filters for non-power-of-2 textures

	function filterFallback ( f ) {

		if ( f === THREE.NearestFilter || f === THREE.NearestMipMapNearestFilter || f === THREE.NearestMipMapLinearFilter ) {

			return _gl.NEAREST;

		}

		return _gl.LINEAR;

	}

	// Map three.js constants to WebGL constants

	function paramThreeToGL ( p ) {

		var extension;

		if ( p === THREE.RepeatWrapping ) return _gl.REPEAT;
		if ( p === THREE.ClampToEdgeWrapping ) return _gl.CLAMP_TO_EDGE;
		if ( p === THREE.MirroredRepeatWrapping ) return _gl.MIRRORED_REPEAT;

		if ( p === THREE.NearestFilter ) return _gl.NEAREST;
		if ( p === THREE.NearestMipMapNearestFilter ) return _gl.NEAREST_MIPMAP_NEAREST;
		if ( p === THREE.NearestMipMapLinearFilter ) return _gl.NEAREST_MIPMAP_LINEAR;

		if ( p === THREE.LinearFilter ) return _gl.LINEAR;
		if ( p === THREE.LinearMipMapNearestFilter ) return _gl.LINEAR_MIPMAP_NEAREST;
		if ( p === THREE.LinearMipMapLinearFilter ) return _gl.LINEAR_MIPMAP_LINEAR;

		if ( p === THREE.UnsignedByteType ) return _gl.UNSIGNED_BYTE;
		if ( p === THREE.UnsignedShort4444Type ) return _gl.UNSIGNED_SHORT_4_4_4_4;
		if ( p === THREE.UnsignedShort5551Type ) return _gl.UNSIGNED_SHORT_5_5_5_1;
		if ( p === THREE.UnsignedShort565Type ) return _gl.UNSIGNED_SHORT_5_6_5;

		if ( p === THREE.ByteType ) return _gl.BYTE;
		if ( p === THREE.ShortType ) return _gl.SHORT;
		if ( p === THREE.UnsignedShortType ) return _gl.UNSIGNED_SHORT;
		if ( p === THREE.IntType ) return _gl.INT;
		if ( p === THREE.UnsignedIntType ) return _gl.UNSIGNED_INT;
		if ( p === THREE.FloatType ) return _gl.FLOAT;

		extension = extensions.get( 'OES_texture_half_float' );

		if ( extension !== null ) {

			if ( p === THREE.HalfFloatType ) return extension.HALF_FLOAT_OES;

		}

		if ( p === THREE.AlphaFormat ) return _gl.ALPHA;
		if ( p === THREE.RGBFormat ) return _gl.RGB;
		if ( p === THREE.RGBAFormat ) return _gl.RGBA;
		if ( p === THREE.LuminanceFormat ) return _gl.LUMINANCE;
		if ( p === THREE.LuminanceAlphaFormat ) return _gl.LUMINANCE_ALPHA;

		if ( p === THREE.AddEquation ) return _gl.FUNC_ADD;
		if ( p === THREE.SubtractEquation ) return _gl.FUNC_SUBTRACT;
		if ( p === THREE.ReverseSubtractEquation ) return _gl.FUNC_REVERSE_SUBTRACT;

		if ( p === THREE.ZeroFactor ) return _gl.ZERO;
		if ( p === THREE.OneFactor ) return _gl.ONE;
		if ( p === THREE.SrcColorFactor ) return _gl.SRC_COLOR;
		if ( p === THREE.OneMinusSrcColorFactor ) return _gl.ONE_MINUS_SRC_COLOR;
		if ( p === THREE.SrcAlphaFactor ) return _gl.SRC_ALPHA;
		if ( p === THREE.OneMinusSrcAlphaFactor ) return _gl.ONE_MINUS_SRC_ALPHA;
		if ( p === THREE.DstAlphaFactor ) return _gl.DST_ALPHA;
		if ( p === THREE.OneMinusDstAlphaFactor ) return _gl.ONE_MINUS_DST_ALPHA;

		if ( p === THREE.DstColorFactor ) return _gl.DST_COLOR;
		if ( p === THREE.OneMinusDstColorFactor ) return _gl.ONE_MINUS_DST_COLOR;
		if ( p === THREE.SrcAlphaSaturateFactor ) return _gl.SRC_ALPHA_SATURATE;

		extension = extensions.get( 'WEBGL_compressed_texture_s3tc' );

		if ( extension !== null ) {

			if ( p === THREE.RGB_S3TC_DXT1_Format ) return extension.COMPRESSED_RGB_S3TC_DXT1_EXT;
			if ( p === THREE.RGBA_S3TC_DXT1_Format ) return extension.COMPRESSED_RGBA_S3TC_DXT1_EXT;
			if ( p === THREE.RGBA_S3TC_DXT3_Format ) return extension.COMPRESSED_RGBA_S3TC_DXT3_EXT;
			if ( p === THREE.RGBA_S3TC_DXT5_Format ) return extension.COMPRESSED_RGBA_S3TC_DXT5_EXT;

		}

		extension = extensions.get( 'WEBGL_compressed_texture_pvrtc' );

		if ( extension !== null ) {

			if ( p === THREE.RGB_PVRTC_4BPPV1_Format ) return extension.COMPRESSED_RGB_PVRTC_4BPPV1_IMG;
			if ( p === THREE.RGB_PVRTC_2BPPV1_Format ) return extension.COMPRESSED_RGB_PVRTC_2BPPV1_IMG;
			if ( p === THREE.RGBA_PVRTC_4BPPV1_Format ) return extension.COMPRESSED_RGBA_PVRTC_4BPPV1_IMG;
			if ( p === THREE.RGBA_PVRTC_2BPPV1_Format ) return extension.COMPRESSED_RGBA_PVRTC_2BPPV1_IMG;

		}

		extension = extensions.get( 'EXT_blend_minmax' );

		if ( extension !== null ) {

			if ( p === THREE.MinEquation ) return extension.MIN_EXT;
			if ( p === THREE.MaxEquation ) return extension.MAX_EXT;

		}

		return 0;

	}

};