three.js/examples/jsm/controls/TransformControls.js

import {
	BoxGeometry,
	BufferGeometry,
	Color,
	CylinderGeometry,
	DoubleSide,
	Euler,
	Float32BufferAttribute,
	Line,
	LineBasicMaterial,
	Matrix4,
	Mesh,
	MeshBasicMaterial,
	Object3D,
	OctahedronGeometry,
	PlaneGeometry,
	Quaternion,
	Raycaster,
	SphereGeometry,
	TorusGeometry,
	Vector3
} from '../../../build/three.module.js';

const _raycaster = new Raycaster();

const _tempVector = new Vector3();
const _tempVector2 = new Vector3();
const _tempQuaternion = new Quaternion();
const _unit = {
	X: new Vector3( 1, 0, 0 ),
	Y: new Vector3( 0, 1, 0 ),
	Z: new Vector3( 0, 0, 1 )
};

const _changeEvent = { type: 'change' };
const _mouseDownEvent = { type: 'mouseDown' };
const _mouseUpEvent = { type: 'mouseUp', mode: null };
const _objectChangeEvent = { type: 'objectChange' };

class TransformControls extends Object3D {

	constructor( camera, domElement ) {

		super();

		if ( domElement === undefined ) {

			console.warn( 'THREE.TransformControls: The second parameter "domElement" is now mandatory.' );
			domElement = document;

		}

		this.visible = false;
		this.domElement = domElement;
		this.domElement.style.touchAction = 'none'; // disable touch scroll

		const _gizmo = new TransformControlsGizmo();
		this._gizmo = _gizmo;
		this.add( _gizmo );

		const _plane = new TransformControlsPlane();
		this._plane = _plane;
		this.add( _plane );

		const scope = this;

		// Defined getter, setter and store for a property
		function defineProperty( propName, defaultValue ) {

			let propValue = defaultValue;

			Object.defineProperty( scope, propName, {

				get: function () {

					return propValue !== undefined ? propValue : defaultValue;

				},

				set: function ( value ) {

					if ( propValue !== value ) {

						propValue = value;
						_plane[ propName ] = value;
						_gizmo[ propName ] = value;

						scope.dispatchEvent( { type: propName + '-changed', value: value } );
						scope.dispatchEvent( _changeEvent );

					}

				}

			} );

			scope[ propName ] = defaultValue;
			_plane[ propName ] = defaultValue;
			_gizmo[ propName ] = defaultValue;

		}

		// Define properties with getters/setter
		// Setting the defined property will automatically trigger change event
		// Defined properties are passed down to gizmo and plane

		defineProperty( 'camera', camera );
		defineProperty( 'object', undefined );
		defineProperty( 'enabled', true );
		defineProperty( 'axis', null );
		defineProperty( 'mode', 'translate' );
		defineProperty( 'translationSnap', null );
		defineProperty( 'rotationSnap', null );
		defineProperty( 'scaleSnap', null );
		defineProperty( 'space', 'world' );
		defineProperty( 'size', 1 );
		defineProperty( 'dragging', false );
		defineProperty( 'showX', true );
		defineProperty( 'showY', true );
		defineProperty( 'showZ', true );

		// Reusable utility variables

		const worldPosition = new Vector3();
		const worldPositionStart = new Vector3();
		const worldQuaternion = new Quaternion();
		const worldQuaternionStart = new Quaternion();
		const cameraPosition = new Vector3();
		const cameraQuaternion = new Quaternion();
		const pointStart = new Vector3();
		const pointEnd = new Vector3();
		const rotationAxis = new Vector3();
		const rotationAngle = 0;
		const eye = new Vector3();

		// TODO: remove properties unused in plane and gizmo

		defineProperty( 'worldPosition', worldPosition );
		defineProperty( 'worldPositionStart', worldPositionStart );
		defineProperty( 'worldQuaternion', worldQuaternion );
		defineProperty( 'worldQuaternionStart', worldQuaternionStart );
		defineProperty( 'cameraPosition', cameraPosition );
		defineProperty( 'cameraQuaternion', cameraQuaternion );
		defineProperty( 'pointStart', pointStart );
		defineProperty( 'pointEnd', pointEnd );
		defineProperty( 'rotationAxis', rotationAxis );
		defineProperty( 'rotationAngle', rotationAngle );
		defineProperty( 'eye', eye );

		this._offset = new Vector3();
		this._startNorm = new Vector3();
		this._endNorm = new Vector3();
		this._cameraScale = new Vector3();

		this._parentPosition = new Vector3();
		this._parentQuaternion = new Quaternion();
		this._parentQuaternionInv = new Quaternion();
		this._parentScale = new Vector3();

		this._worldScaleStart = new Vector3();
		this._worldQuaternionInv = new Quaternion();
		this._worldScale = new Vector3();

		this._positionStart = new Vector3();
		this._quaternionStart = new Quaternion();
		this._scaleStart = new Vector3();

		this._getPointer = getPointer.bind( this );
		this._onPointerDown = onPointerDown.bind( this );
		this._onPointerHover = onPointerHover.bind( this );
		this._onPointerMove = onPointerMove.bind( this );
		this._onPointerUp = onPointerUp.bind( this );

		this.domElement.addEventListener( 'pointerdown', this._onPointerDown );
		this.domElement.addEventListener( 'pointermove', this._onPointerHover );
		this.domElement.ownerDocument.addEventListener( 'pointerup', this._onPointerUp );

	}

	// updateMatrixWorld  updates key transformation variables
	updateMatrixWorld() {

		if ( this.object !== undefined ) {

			this.object.updateMatrixWorld();

			if ( this.object.parent === null ) {

				console.error( 'TransformControls: The attached 3D object must be a part of the scene graph.' );

			} else {

				this.object.parent.matrixWorld.decompose( this._parentPosition, this._parentQuaternion, this._parentScale );

			}

			this.object.matrixWorld.decompose( this.worldPosition, this.worldQuaternion, this._worldScale );

			this._parentQuaternionInv.copy( this._parentQuaternion ).invert();
			this._worldQuaternionInv.copy( this.worldQuaternion ).invert();

		}

		this.camera.updateMatrixWorld();
		this.camera.matrixWorld.decompose( this.cameraPosition, this.cameraQuaternion, this._cameraScale );

		this.eye.copy( this.cameraPosition ).sub( this.worldPosition ).normalize();

		super.updateMatrixWorld( this );

	}

	pointerHover( pointer ) {

		if ( this.object === undefined || this.dragging === true ) return;

		_raycaster.setFromCamera( pointer, this.camera );

		const intersect = intersectObjectWithRay( this._gizmo.picker[ this.mode ], _raycaster );

		if ( intersect ) {

			this.axis = intersect.object.name;

		} else {

			this.axis = null;

		}

	}

	pointerDown( pointer ) {

		if ( this.object === undefined || this.dragging === true || pointer.button !== 0 ) return;

		if ( this.axis !== null ) {

			_raycaster.setFromCamera( pointer, this.camera );

			const planeIntersect = intersectObjectWithRay( this._plane, _raycaster, true );

			if ( planeIntersect ) {

				let space = this.space;

				if ( this.mode === 'scale' ) {

					space = 'local';

				} else if ( this.axis === 'E' || this.axis === 'XYZE' || this.axis === 'XYZ' ) {

					space = 'world';

				}

				if ( space === 'local' && this.mode === 'rotate' ) {

					const snap = this.rotationSnap;

					if ( this.axis === 'X' && snap ) this.object.rotation.x = Math.round( this.object.rotation.x / snap ) * snap;
					if ( this.axis === 'Y' && snap ) this.object.rotation.y = Math.round( this.object.rotation.y / snap ) * snap;
					if ( this.axis === 'Z' && snap ) this.object.rotation.z = Math.round( this.object.rotation.z / snap ) * snap;

				}

				this.object.updateMatrixWorld();
				this.object.parent.updateMatrixWorld();

				this._positionStart.copy( this.object.position );
				this._quaternionStart.copy( this.object.quaternion );
				this._scaleStart.copy( this.object.scale );

				this.object.matrixWorld.decompose( this.worldPositionStart, this.worldQuaternionStart, this._worldScaleStart );

				this.pointStart.copy( planeIntersect.point ).sub( this.worldPositionStart );

			}

			this.dragging = true;
			_mouseDownEvent.mode = this.mode;
			this.dispatchEvent( _mouseDownEvent );

		}

	}

	pointerMove( pointer ) {

		const axis = this.axis;
		const mode = this.mode;
		const object = this.object;
		let space = this.space;

		if ( mode === 'scale' ) {

			space = 'local';

		} else if ( axis === 'E' || axis === 'XYZE' || axis === 'XYZ' ) {

			space = 'world';

		}

		if ( object === undefined || axis === null || this.dragging === false || pointer.button !== - 1 ) return;

		_raycaster.setFromCamera( pointer, this.camera );

		const planeIntersect = intersectObjectWithRay( this._plane, _raycaster, true );

		if ( ! planeIntersect ) return;

		this.pointEnd.copy( planeIntersect.point ).sub( this.worldPositionStart );

		if ( mode === 'translate' ) {

			// Apply translate

			this._offset.copy( this.pointEnd ).sub( this.pointStart );

			if ( space === 'local' && axis !== 'XYZ' ) {

				this._offset.applyQuaternion( this._worldQuaternionInv );

			}

			if ( axis.indexOf( 'X' ) === - 1 ) this._offset.x = 0;
			if ( axis.indexOf( 'Y' ) === - 1 ) this._offset.y = 0;
			if ( axis.indexOf( 'Z' ) === - 1 ) this._offset.z = 0;

			if ( space === 'local' && axis !== 'XYZ' ) {

				this._offset.applyQuaternion( this._quaternionStart ).divide( this._parentScale );

			} else {

				this._offset.applyQuaternion( this._parentQuaternionInv ).divide( this._parentScale );

			}

			object.position.copy( this._offset ).add( this._positionStart );

			// Apply translation snap

			if ( this.translationSnap ) {

				if ( space === 'local' ) {

					object.position.applyQuaternion( _tempQuaternion.copy( this._quaternionStart ).invert() );

					if ( axis.search( 'X' ) !== - 1 ) {

						object.position.x = Math.round( object.position.x / this.translationSnap ) * this.translationSnap;

					}

					if ( axis.search( 'Y' ) !== - 1 ) {

						object.position.y = Math.round( object.position.y / this.translationSnap ) * this.translationSnap;

					}

					if ( axis.search( 'Z' ) !== - 1 ) {

						object.position.z = Math.round( object.position.z / this.translationSnap ) * this.translationSnap;

					}

					object.position.applyQuaternion( this._quaternionStart );

				}

				if ( space === 'world' ) {

					if ( object.parent ) {

						object.position.add( _tempVector.setFromMatrixPosition( object.parent.matrixWorld ) );

					}

					if ( axis.search( 'X' ) !== - 1 ) {

						object.position.x = Math.round( object.position.x / this.translationSnap ) * this.translationSnap;

					}

					if ( axis.search( 'Y' ) !== - 1 ) {

						object.position.y = Math.round( object.position.y / this.translationSnap ) * this.translationSnap;

					}

					if ( axis.search( 'Z' ) !== - 1 ) {

						object.position.z = Math.round( object.position.z / this.translationSnap ) * this.translationSnap;

					}

					if ( object.parent ) {

						object.position.sub( _tempVector.setFromMatrixPosition( object.parent.matrixWorld ) );

					}

				}

			}

		} else if ( mode === 'scale' ) {

			if ( axis.search( 'XYZ' ) !== - 1 ) {

				let d = this.pointEnd.length() / this.pointStart.length();

				if ( this.pointEnd.dot( this.pointStart ) < 0 ) d *= - 1;

				_tempVector2.set( d, d, d );

			} else {

				_tempVector.copy( this.pointStart );
				_tempVector2.copy( this.pointEnd );

				_tempVector.applyQuaternion( this._worldQuaternionInv );
				_tempVector2.applyQuaternion( this._worldQuaternionInv );

				_tempVector2.divide( _tempVector );

				if ( axis.search( 'X' ) === - 1 ) {

					_tempVector2.x = 1;

				}

				if ( axis.search( 'Y' ) === - 1 ) {

					_tempVector2.y = 1;

				}

				if ( axis.search( 'Z' ) === - 1 ) {

					_tempVector2.z = 1;

				}

			}

			// Apply scale

			object.scale.copy( this._scaleStart ).multiply( _tempVector2 );

			if ( this.scaleSnap ) {

				if ( axis.search( 'X' ) !== - 1 ) {

					object.scale.x = Math.round( object.scale.x / this.scaleSnap ) * this.scaleSnap || this.scaleSnap;

				}

				if ( axis.search( 'Y' ) !== - 1 ) {

					object.scale.y = Math.round( object.scale.y / this.scaleSnap ) * this.scaleSnap || this.scaleSnap;

				}

				if ( axis.search( 'Z' ) !== - 1 ) {

					object.scale.z = Math.round( object.scale.z / this.scaleSnap ) * this.scaleSnap || this.scaleSnap;

				}

			}

		} else if ( mode === 'rotate' ) {

			this._offset.copy( this.pointEnd ).sub( this.pointStart );

			const ROTATION_SPEED = 20 / this.worldPosition.distanceTo( _tempVector.setFromMatrixPosition( this.camera.matrixWorld ) );

			if ( axis === 'E' ) {

				this.rotationAxis.copy( this.eye );
				this.rotationAngle = this.pointEnd.angleTo( this.pointStart );

				this._startNorm.copy( this.pointStart ).normalize();
				this._endNorm.copy( this.pointEnd ).normalize();

				this.rotationAngle *= ( this._endNorm.cross( this._startNorm ).dot( this.eye ) < 0 ? 1 : - 1 );

			} else if ( axis === 'XYZE' ) {

				this.rotationAxis.copy( this._offset ).cross( this.eye ).normalize();
				this.rotationAngle = this._offset.dot( _tempVector.copy( this.rotationAxis ).cross( this.eye ) ) * ROTATION_SPEED;

			} else if ( axis === 'X' || axis === 'Y' || axis === 'Z' ) {

				this.rotationAxis.copy( _unit[ axis ] );

				_tempVector.copy( _unit[ axis ] );

				if ( space === 'local' ) {

					_tempVector.applyQuaternion( this.worldQuaternion );

				}

				this.rotationAngle = this._offset.dot( _tempVector.cross( this.eye ).normalize() ) * ROTATION_SPEED;

			}

			// Apply rotation snap

			if ( this.rotationSnap ) this.rotationAngle = Math.round( this.rotationAngle / this.rotationSnap ) * this.rotationSnap;

			// Apply rotate
			if ( space === 'local' && axis !== 'E' && axis !== 'XYZE' ) {

				object.quaternion.copy( this._quaternionStart );
				object.quaternion.multiply( _tempQuaternion.setFromAxisAngle( this.rotationAxis, this.rotationAngle ) ).normalize();

			} else {

				this.rotationAxis.applyQuaternion( this._parentQuaternionInv );
				object.quaternion.copy( _tempQuaternion.setFromAxisAngle( this.rotationAxis, this.rotationAngle ) );
				object.quaternion.multiply( this._quaternionStart ).normalize();

			}

		}

		this.dispatchEvent( _changeEvent );
		this.dispatchEvent( _objectChangeEvent );

	}

	pointerUp( pointer ) {

		if ( pointer.button !== 0 ) return;

		if ( this.dragging && ( this.axis !== null ) ) {

			_mouseUpEvent.mode = this.mode;
			this.dispatchEvent( _mouseUpEvent );

		}

		this.dragging = false;
		this.axis = null;

	}

	dispose() {

		this.domElement.removeEventListener( 'pointerdown', this._onPointerDown );
		this.domElement.removeEventListener( 'pointermove', this._onPointerHover );
		this.domElement.ownerDocument.removeEventListener( 'pointermove', this._onPointerMove );
		this.domElement.ownerDocument.removeEventListener( 'pointerup', this._onPointerUp );

		this.traverse( function ( child ) {

			if ( child.geometry ) child.geometry.dispose();
			if ( child.material ) child.material.dispose();

		} );

	}

	// Set current object
	attach( object ) {

		this.object = object;
		this.visible = true;

		return this;

	}

	// Detatch from object
	detach() {

		this.object = undefined;
		this.visible = false;
		this.axis = null;

		return this;

	}

	// TODO: deprecate

	getMode() {

		return this.mode;

	}

	setMode( mode ) {

		this.mode = mode;

	}

	setTranslationSnap( translationSnap ) {

		this.translationSnap = translationSnap;

	}

	setRotationSnap( rotationSnap ) {

		this.rotationSnap = rotationSnap;

	}

	setScaleSnap( scaleSnap ) {

		this.scaleSnap = scaleSnap;

	}

	setSize( size ) {

		this.size = size;

	}

	setSpace( space ) {

		this.space = space;

	}

	update() {

		console.warn( 'THREE.TransformControls: update function has no more functionality and therefore has been deprecated.' );

	}

}

TransformControls.prototype.isTransformControls = true;

// mouse / touch event handlers

function getPointer( event ) {

	if ( this.domElement.ownerDocument.pointerLockElement ) {

		return {
			x: 0,
			y: 0,
			button: event.button
		};

	} else {

		const rect = this.domElement.getBoundingClientRect();

		return {
			x: ( event.clientX - rect.left ) / rect.width * 2 - 1,
			y: - ( event.clientY - rect.top ) / rect.height * 2 + 1,
			button: event.button
		};

	}

}

function onPointerHover( event ) {

	if ( ! this.enabled ) return;

	switch ( event.pointerType ) {

		case 'mouse':
		case 'pen':
			this.pointerHover( this._getPointer( event ) );
			break;

	}

}

function onPointerDown( event ) {

	if ( ! this.enabled ) return;

	this.domElement.ownerDocument.addEventListener( 'pointermove', this._onPointerMove );

	this.pointerHover( this._getPointer( event ) );
	this.pointerDown( this._getPointer( event ) );

}

function onPointerMove( event ) {

	if ( ! this.enabled ) return;

	this.pointerMove( this._getPointer( event ) );

}

function onPointerUp( event ) {

	if ( ! this.enabled ) return;

	this.domElement.ownerDocument.removeEventListener( 'pointermove', this._onPointerMove );

	this.pointerUp( this._getPointer( event ) );

}

function intersectObjectWithRay( object, raycaster, includeInvisible ) {

	const allIntersections = raycaster.intersectObject( object, true );

	for ( let i = 0; i < allIntersections.length; i ++ ) {

		if ( allIntersections[ i ].object.visible || includeInvisible ) {

			return allIntersections[ i ];

		}

	}

	return false;

}

//

// Reusable utility variables

const _tempEuler = new Euler();
const _alignVector = new Vector3( 0, 1, 0 );
const _zeroVector = new Vector3( 0, 0, 0 );
const _lookAtMatrix = new Matrix4();
const _tempQuaternion2 = new Quaternion();
const _identityQuaternion = new Quaternion();
const _dirVector = new Vector3();
const _tempMatrix = new Matrix4();

const _unitX = new Vector3( 1, 0, 0 );
const _unitY = new Vector3( 0, 1, 0 );
const _unitZ = new Vector3( 0, 0, 1 );

const _v1 = new Vector3();
const _v2 = new Vector3();
const _v3 = new Vector3();

class TransformControlsGizmo extends Object3D {

	constructor() {

		super();

		this.type = 'TransformControlsGizmo';

		// shared materials

		const gizmoMaterial = new MeshBasicMaterial( {
			depthTest: false,
			depthWrite: false,
			transparent: true,
			side: DoubleSide,
			fog: false,
			toneMapped: false
		} );

		const gizmoLineMaterial = new LineBasicMaterial( {
			depthTest: false,
			depthWrite: false,
			transparent: true,
			linewidth: 1,
			fog: false,
			toneMapped: false
		} );

		// Make unique material for each axis/color

		const matInvisible = gizmoMaterial.clone();
		matInvisible.opacity = 0.15;

		const matHelper = gizmoMaterial.clone();
		matHelper.opacity = 0.33;

		const matRed = gizmoMaterial.clone();
		matRed.color.set( 0xff0000 );

		const matGreen = gizmoMaterial.clone();
		matGreen.color.set( 0x00ff00 );

		const matBlue = gizmoMaterial.clone();
		matBlue.color.set( 0x0000ff );

		const matWhiteTransparent = gizmoMaterial.clone();
		matWhiteTransparent.opacity = 0.25;

		const matYellowTransparent = matWhiteTransparent.clone();
		matYellowTransparent.color.set( 0xffff00 );

		const matCyanTransparent = matWhiteTransparent.clone();
		matCyanTransparent.color.set( 0x00ffff );

		const matMagentaTransparent = matWhiteTransparent.clone();
		matMagentaTransparent.color.set( 0xff00ff );

		const matYellow = gizmoMaterial.clone();
		matYellow.color.set( 0xffff00 );

		const matLineRed = gizmoLineMaterial.clone();
		matLineRed.color.set( 0xff0000 );

		const matLineGreen = gizmoLineMaterial.clone();
		matLineGreen.color.set( 0x00ff00 );

		const matLineBlue = gizmoLineMaterial.clone();
		matLineBlue.color.set( 0x0000ff );

		const matLineCyan = gizmoLineMaterial.clone();
		matLineCyan.color.set( 0x00ffff );

		const matLineMagenta = gizmoLineMaterial.clone();
		matLineMagenta.color.set( 0xff00ff );

		const matLineYellow = gizmoLineMaterial.clone();
		matLineYellow.color.set( 0xffff00 );

		const matLineGray = gizmoLineMaterial.clone();
		matLineGray.color.set( 0x787878 );

		const matLineYellowTransparent = matLineYellow.clone();
		matLineYellowTransparent.opacity = 0.25;

		// reusable geometry

		const arrowGeometry = new CylinderGeometry( 0, 0.05, 0.2, 12, 1, false );

		const scaleHandleGeometry = new BoxGeometry( 0.125, 0.125, 0.125 );

		const lineGeometry = new BufferGeometry();
		lineGeometry.setAttribute( 'position', new Float32BufferAttribute( [ 0, 0, 0,	1, 0, 0 ], 3 ) );

		function CircleGeometry( radius, arc ) {

			const geometry = new BufferGeometry( );
			const vertices = [];

			for ( let i = 0; i <= 64 * arc; ++ i ) {

				vertices.push( 0, Math.cos( i / 32 * Math.PI ) * radius, Math.sin( i / 32 * Math.PI ) * radius );

			}

			geometry.setAttribute( 'position', new Float32BufferAttribute( vertices, 3 ) );

			return geometry;

		}

		// Special geometry for transform helper. If scaled with position vector it spans from [0,0,0] to position

		function TranslateHelperGeometry() {

			const geometry = new BufferGeometry();

			geometry.setAttribute( 'position', new Float32BufferAttribute( [ 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1 ], 3 ) );

			return geometry;

		}

		// Gizmo definitions - custom hierarchy definitions for setupGizmo() function

		const gizmoTranslate = {
			X: [
				[ new Mesh( arrowGeometry, matRed ), [ 1, 0, 0 ], [ 0, 0, - Math.PI / 2 ], null, 'fwd' ],
				[ new Mesh( arrowGeometry, matRed ), [ 1, 0, 0 ], [ 0, 0, Math.PI / 2 ], null, 'bwd' ],
				[ new Line( lineGeometry, matLineRed ) ]
			],
			Y: [
				[ new Mesh( arrowGeometry, matGreen ), [ 0, 1, 0 ], null, null, 'fwd' ],
				[ new Mesh( arrowGeometry, matGreen ), [ 0, 1, 0 ], [ Math.PI, 0, 0 ], null, 'bwd' ],
				[ new Line( lineGeometry, matLineGreen ), null, [ 0, 0, Math.PI / 2 ]]
			],
			Z: [
				[ new Mesh( arrowGeometry, matBlue ), [ 0, 0, 1 ], [ Math.PI / 2, 0, 0 ], null, 'fwd' ],
				[ new Mesh( arrowGeometry, matBlue ), [ 0, 0, 1 ], [ - Math.PI / 2, 0, 0 ], null, 'bwd' ],
				[ new Line( lineGeometry, matLineBlue ), null, [ 0, - Math.PI / 2, 0 ]]
			],
			XYZ: [
				[ new Mesh( new OctahedronGeometry( 0.1, 0 ), matWhiteTransparent.clone() ), [ 0, 0, 0 ], [ 0, 0, 0 ]]
			],
			XY: [
				[ new Mesh( new PlaneGeometry( 0.295, 0.295 ), matYellowTransparent.clone() ), [ 0.15, 0.15, 0 ]],
				[ new Line( lineGeometry, matLineYellow ), [ 0.18, 0.3, 0 ], null, [ 0.125, 1, 1 ]],
				[ new Line( lineGeometry, matLineYellow ), [ 0.3, 0.18, 0 ], [ 0, 0, Math.PI / 2 ], [ 0.125, 1, 1 ]]
			],
			YZ: [
				[ new Mesh( new PlaneGeometry( 0.295, 0.295 ), matCyanTransparent.clone() ), [ 0, 0.15, 0.15 ], [ 0, Math.PI / 2, 0 ]],
				[ new Line( lineGeometry, matLineCyan ), [ 0, 0.18, 0.3 ], [ 0, 0, Math.PI / 2 ], [ 0.125, 1, 1 ]],
				[ new Line( lineGeometry, matLineCyan ), [ 0, 0.3, 0.18 ], [ 0, - Math.PI / 2, 0 ], [ 0.125, 1, 1 ]]
			],
			XZ: [
				[ new Mesh( new PlaneGeometry( 0.295, 0.295 ), matMagentaTransparent.clone() ), [ 0.15, 0, 0.15 ], [ - Math.PI / 2, 0, 0 ]],
				[ new Line( lineGeometry, matLineMagenta ), [ 0.18, 0, 0.3 ], null, [ 0.125, 1, 1 ]],
				[ new Line( lineGeometry, matLineMagenta ), [ 0.3, 0, 0.18 ], [ 0, - Math.PI / 2, 0 ], [ 0.125, 1, 1 ]]
			]
		};

		const pickerTranslate = {
			X: [
				[ new Mesh( new CylinderGeometry( 0.2, 0, 1, 4, 1, false ), matInvisible ), [ 0.6, 0, 0 ], [ 0, 0, - Math.PI / 2 ]]
			],
			Y: [
				[ new Mesh( new CylinderGeometry( 0.2, 0, 1, 4, 1, false ), matInvisible ), [ 0, 0.6, 0 ]]
			],
			Z: [
				[ new Mesh( new CylinderGeometry( 0.2, 0, 1, 4, 1, false ), matInvisible ), [ 0, 0, 0.6 ], [ Math.PI / 2, 0, 0 ]]
			],
			XYZ: [
				[ new Mesh( new OctahedronGeometry( 0.2, 0 ), matInvisible ) ]
			],
			XY: [
				[ new Mesh( new PlaneGeometry( 0.4, 0.4 ), matInvisible ), [ 0.2, 0.2, 0 ]]
			],
			YZ: [
				[ new Mesh( new PlaneGeometry( 0.4, 0.4 ), matInvisible ), [ 0, 0.2, 0.2 ], [ 0, Math.PI / 2, 0 ]]
			],
			XZ: [
				[ new Mesh( new PlaneGeometry( 0.4, 0.4 ), matInvisible ), [ 0.2, 0, 0.2 ], [ - Math.PI / 2, 0, 0 ]]
			]
		};

		const helperTranslate = {
			START: [
				[ new Mesh( new OctahedronGeometry( 0.01, 2 ), matHelper ), null, null, null, 'helper' ]
			],
			END: [
				[ new Mesh( new OctahedronGeometry( 0.01, 2 ), matHelper ), null, null, null, 'helper' ]
			],
			DELTA: [
				[ new Line( TranslateHelperGeometry(), matHelper ), null, null, null, 'helper' ]
			],
			X: [
				[ new Line( lineGeometry, matHelper.clone() ), [ - 1e3, 0, 0 ], null, [ 1e6, 1, 1 ], 'helper' ]
			],
			Y: [
				[ new Line( lineGeometry, matHelper.clone() ), [ 0, - 1e3, 0 ], [ 0, 0, Math.PI / 2 ], [ 1e6, 1, 1 ], 'helper' ]
			],
			Z: [
				[ new Line( lineGeometry, matHelper.clone() ), [ 0, 0, - 1e3 ], [ 0, - Math.PI / 2, 0 ], [ 1e6, 1, 1 ], 'helper' ]
			]
		};

		const gizmoRotate = {
			X: [
				[ new Line( CircleGeometry( 1, 0.5 ), matLineRed ) ],
				[ new Mesh( new OctahedronGeometry( 0.04, 0 ), matRed ), [ 0, 0, 0.99 ], null, [ 1, 3, 1 ]],
			],
			Y: [
				[ new Line( CircleGeometry( 1, 0.5 ), matLineGreen ), null, [ 0, 0, - Math.PI / 2 ]],
				[ new Mesh( new OctahedronGeometry( 0.04, 0 ), matGreen ), [ 0, 0, 0.99 ], null, [ 3, 1, 1 ]],
			],
			Z: [
				[ new Line( CircleGeometry( 1, 0.5 ), matLineBlue ), null, [ 0, Math.PI / 2, 0 ]],
				[ new Mesh( new OctahedronGeometry( 0.04, 0 ), matBlue ), [ 0.99, 0, 0 ], null, [ 1, 3, 1 ]],
			],
			E: [
				[ new Line( CircleGeometry( 1.25, 1 ), matLineYellowTransparent ), null, [ 0, Math.PI / 2, 0 ]],
				[ new Mesh( new CylinderGeometry( 0.03, 0, 0.15, 4, 1, false ), matLineYellowTransparent ), [ 1.17, 0, 0 ], [ 0, 0, - Math.PI / 2 ], [ 1, 1, 0.001 ]],
				[ new Mesh( new CylinderGeometry( 0.03, 0, 0.15, 4, 1, false ), matLineYellowTransparent ), [ - 1.17, 0, 0 ], [ 0, 0, Math.PI / 2 ], [ 1, 1, 0.001 ]],
				[ new Mesh( new CylinderGeometry( 0.03, 0, 0.15, 4, 1, false ), matLineYellowTransparent ), [ 0, - 1.17, 0 ], [ Math.PI, 0, 0 ], [ 1, 1, 0.001 ]],
				[ new Mesh( new CylinderGeometry( 0.03, 0, 0.15, 4, 1, false ), matLineYellowTransparent ), [ 0, 1.17, 0 ], [ 0, 0, 0 ], [ 1, 1, 0.001 ]],
			],
			XYZE: [
				[ new Line( CircleGeometry( 1, 1 ), matLineGray ), null, [ 0, Math.PI / 2, 0 ]]
			]
		};

		const helperRotate = {
			AXIS: [
				[ new Line( lineGeometry, matHelper.clone() ), [ - 1e3, 0, 0 ], null, [ 1e6, 1, 1 ], 'helper' ]
			]
		};

		const pickerRotate = {
			X: [
				[ new Mesh( new TorusGeometry( 1, 0.1, 4, 24 ), matInvisible ), [ 0, 0, 0 ], [ 0, - Math.PI / 2, - Math.PI / 2 ]],
			],
			Y: [
				[ new Mesh( new TorusGeometry( 1, 0.1, 4, 24 ), matInvisible ), [ 0, 0, 0 ], [ Math.PI / 2, 0, 0 ]],
			],
			Z: [
				[ new Mesh( new TorusGeometry( 1, 0.1, 4, 24 ), matInvisible ), [ 0, 0, 0 ], [ 0, 0, - Math.PI / 2 ]],
			],
			E: [
				[ new Mesh( new TorusGeometry( 1.25, 0.1, 2, 24 ), matInvisible ) ]
			],
			XYZE: [
				[ new Mesh( new SphereGeometry( 0.7, 10, 8 ), matInvisible ) ]
			]
		};

		const gizmoScale = {
			X: [
				[ new Mesh( scaleHandleGeometry, matRed ), [ 0.8, 0, 0 ], [ 0, 0, - Math.PI / 2 ]],
				[ new Line( lineGeometry, matLineRed ), null, null, [ 0.8, 1, 1 ]]
			],
			Y: [
				[ new Mesh( scaleHandleGeometry, matGreen ), [ 0, 0.8, 0 ]],
				[ new Line( lineGeometry, matLineGreen ), null, [ 0, 0, Math.PI / 2 ], [ 0.8, 1, 1 ]]
			],
			Z: [
				[ new Mesh( scaleHandleGeometry, matBlue ), [ 0, 0, 0.8 ], [ Math.PI / 2, 0, 0 ]],
				[ new Line( lineGeometry, matLineBlue ), null, [ 0, - Math.PI / 2, 0 ], [ 0.8, 1, 1 ]]
			],
			XY: [
				[ new Mesh( scaleHandleGeometry, matYellowTransparent ), [ 0.85, 0.85, 0 ], null, [ 2, 2, 0.2 ]],
				[ new Line( lineGeometry, matLineYellow ), [ 0.855, 0.98, 0 ], null, [ 0.125, 1, 1 ]],
				[ new Line( lineGeometry, matLineYellow ), [ 0.98, 0.855, 0 ], [ 0, 0, Math.PI / 2 ], [ 0.125, 1, 1 ]]
			],
			YZ: [
				[ new Mesh( scaleHandleGeometry, matCyanTransparent ), [ 0, 0.85, 0.85 ], null, [ 0.2, 2, 2 ]],
				[ new Line( lineGeometry, matLineCyan ), [ 0, 0.855, 0.98 ], [ 0, 0, Math.PI / 2 ], [ 0.125, 1, 1 ]],
				[ new Line( lineGeometry, matLineCyan ), [ 0, 0.98, 0.855 ], [ 0, - Math.PI / 2, 0 ], [ 0.125, 1, 1 ]]
			],
			XZ: [
				[ new Mesh( scaleHandleGeometry, matMagentaTransparent ), [ 0.85, 0, 0.85 ], null, [ 2, 0.2, 2 ]],
				[ new Line( lineGeometry, matLineMagenta ), [ 0.855, 0, 0.98 ], null, [ 0.125, 1, 1 ]],
				[ new Line( lineGeometry, matLineMagenta ), [ 0.98, 0, 0.855 ], [ 0, - Math.PI / 2, 0 ], [ 0.125, 1, 1 ]]
			],
			XYZX: [
				[ new Mesh( new BoxGeometry( 0.125, 0.125, 0.125 ), matWhiteTransparent.clone() ), [ 1.1, 0, 0 ]],
			],
			XYZY: [
				[ new Mesh( new BoxGeometry( 0.125, 0.125, 0.125 ), matWhiteTransparent.clone() ), [ 0, 1.1, 0 ]],
			],
			XYZZ: [
				[ new Mesh( new BoxGeometry( 0.125, 0.125, 0.125 ), matWhiteTransparent.clone() ), [ 0, 0, 1.1 ]],
			]
		};

		const pickerScale = {
			X: [
				[ new Mesh( new CylinderGeometry( 0.2, 0, 0.8, 4, 1, false ), matInvisible ), [ 0.5, 0, 0 ], [ 0, 0, - Math.PI / 2 ]]
			],
			Y: [
				[ new Mesh( new CylinderGeometry( 0.2, 0, 0.8, 4, 1, false ), matInvisible ), [ 0, 0.5, 0 ]]
			],
			Z: [
				[ new Mesh( new CylinderGeometry( 0.2, 0, 0.8, 4, 1, false ), matInvisible ), [ 0, 0, 0.5 ], [ Math.PI / 2, 0, 0 ]]
			],
			XY: [
				[ new Mesh( scaleHandleGeometry, matInvisible ), [ 0.85, 0.85, 0 ], null, [ 3, 3, 0.2 ]],
			],
			YZ: [
				[ new Mesh( scaleHandleGeometry, matInvisible ), [ 0, 0.85, 0.85 ], null, [ 0.2, 3, 3 ]],
			],
			XZ: [
				[ new Mesh( scaleHandleGeometry, matInvisible ), [ 0.85, 0, 0.85 ], null, [ 3, 0.2, 3 ]],
			],
			XYZX: [
				[ new Mesh( new BoxGeometry( 0.2, 0.2, 0.2 ), matInvisible ), [ 1.1, 0, 0 ]],
			],
			XYZY: [
				[ new Mesh( new BoxGeometry( 0.2, 0.2, 0.2 ), matInvisible ), [ 0, 1.1, 0 ]],
			],
			XYZZ: [
				[ new Mesh( new BoxGeometry( 0.2, 0.2, 0.2 ), matInvisible ), [ 0, 0, 1.1 ]],
			]
		};

		const helperScale = {
			X: [
				[ new Line( lineGeometry, matHelper.clone() ), [ - 1e3, 0, 0 ], null, [ 1e6, 1, 1 ], 'helper' ]
			],
			Y: [
				[ new Line( lineGeometry, matHelper.clone() ), [ 0, - 1e3, 0 ], [ 0, 0, Math.PI / 2 ], [ 1e6, 1, 1 ], 'helper' ]
			],
			Z: [
				[ new Line( lineGeometry, matHelper.clone() ), [ 0, 0, - 1e3 ], [ 0, - Math.PI / 2, 0 ], [ 1e6, 1, 1 ], 'helper' ]
			]
		};

		// Creates an Object3D with gizmos described in custom hierarchy definition.

		function setupGizmo( gizmoMap ) {

			const gizmo = new Object3D();

			for ( const name in gizmoMap ) {

				for ( let i = gizmoMap[ name ].length; i --; ) {

					const object = gizmoMap[ name ][ i ][ 0 ].clone();
					const position = gizmoMap[ name ][ i ][ 1 ];
					const rotation = gizmoMap[ name ][ i ][ 2 ];
					const scale = gizmoMap[ name ][ i ][ 3 ];
					const tag = gizmoMap[ name ][ i ][ 4 ];

					// name and tag properties are essential for picking and updating logic.
					object.name = name;
					object.tag = tag;

					if ( position ) {

						object.position.set( position[ 0 ], position[ 1 ], position[ 2 ] );

					}

					if ( rotation ) {

						object.rotation.set( rotation[ 0 ], rotation[ 1 ], rotation[ 2 ] );

					}

					if ( scale ) {

						object.scale.set( scale[ 0 ], scale[ 1 ], scale[ 2 ] );

					}

					object.updateMatrix();

					const tempGeometry = object.geometry.clone();
					tempGeometry.applyMatrix4( object.matrix );
					object.geometry = tempGeometry;
					object.renderOrder = Infinity;

					object.position.set( 0, 0, 0 );
					object.rotation.set( 0, 0, 0 );
					object.scale.set( 1, 1, 1 );

					gizmo.add( object );

				}

			}

			return gizmo;

		}

		// Gizmo creation

		this.gizmo = {};
		this.picker = {};
		this.helper = {};

		this.add( this.gizmo[ 'translate' ] = setupGizmo( gizmoTranslate ) );
		this.add( this.gizmo[ 'rotate' ] = setupGizmo( gizmoRotate ) );
		this.add( this.gizmo[ 'scale' ] = setupGizmo( gizmoScale ) );
		this.add( this.picker[ 'translate' ] = setupGizmo( pickerTranslate ) );
		this.add( this.picker[ 'rotate' ] = setupGizmo( pickerRotate ) );
		this.add( this.picker[ 'scale' ] = setupGizmo( pickerScale ) );
		this.add( this.helper[ 'translate' ] = setupGizmo( helperTranslate ) );
		this.add( this.helper[ 'rotate' ] = setupGizmo( helperRotate ) );
		this.add( this.helper[ 'scale' ] = setupGizmo( helperScale ) );

		// Pickers should be hidden always

		this.picker[ 'translate' ].visible = false;
		this.picker[ 'rotate' ].visible = false;
		this.picker[ 'scale' ].visible = false;

	}

	// updateMatrixWorld will update transformations and appearance of individual handles

	updateMatrixWorld( force ) {

		const space = ( this.mode === 'scale' ) ? 'local' : this.space; // scale always oriented to local rotation

		const quaternion = ( space === 'local' ) ? this.worldQuaternion : _identityQuaternion;

		// Show only gizmos for current transform mode

		this.gizmo[ 'translate' ].visible = this.mode === 'translate';
		this.gizmo[ 'rotate' ].visible = this.mode === 'rotate';
		this.gizmo[ 'scale' ].visible = this.mode === 'scale';

		this.helper[ 'translate' ].visible = this.mode === 'translate';
		this.helper[ 'rotate' ].visible = this.mode === 'rotate';
		this.helper[ 'scale' ].visible = this.mode === 'scale';


		let handles = [];
		handles = handles.concat( this.picker[ this.mode ].children );
		handles = handles.concat( this.gizmo[ this.mode ].children );
		handles = handles.concat( this.helper[ this.mode ].children );

		for ( let i = 0; i < handles.length; i ++ ) {

			const handle = handles[ i ];

			// hide aligned to camera

			handle.visible = true;
			handle.rotation.set( 0, 0, 0 );
			handle.position.copy( this.worldPosition );

			let factor;

			if ( this.camera.isOrthographicCamera ) {

				factor = ( this.camera.top - this.camera.bottom ) / this.camera.zoom;

			} else {

				factor = this.worldPosition.distanceTo( this.cameraPosition ) * Math.min( 1.9 * Math.tan( Math.PI * this.camera.fov / 360 ) / this.camera.zoom, 7 );

			}

			handle.scale.set( 1, 1, 1 ).multiplyScalar( factor * this.size / 7 );

			// TODO: simplify helpers and consider decoupling from gizmo

			if ( handle.tag === 'helper' ) {

				handle.visible = false;

				if ( handle.name === 'AXIS' ) {

					handle.position.copy( this.worldPositionStart );
					handle.visible = !! this.axis;

					if ( this.axis === 'X' ) {

						_tempQuaternion.setFromEuler( _tempEuler.set( 0, 0, 0 ) );
						handle.quaternion.copy( quaternion ).multiply( _tempQuaternion );

						if ( Math.abs( _alignVector.copy( _unitX ).applyQuaternion( quaternion ).dot( this.eye ) ) > 0.9 ) {

							handle.visible = false;

						}

					}

					if ( this.axis === 'Y' ) {

						_tempQuaternion.setFromEuler( _tempEuler.set( 0, 0, Math.PI / 2 ) );
						handle.quaternion.copy( quaternion ).multiply( _tempQuaternion );

						if ( Math.abs( _alignVector.copy( _unitY ).applyQuaternion( quaternion ).dot( this.eye ) ) > 0.9 ) {

							handle.visible = false;

						}

					}

					if ( this.axis === 'Z' ) {

						_tempQuaternion.setFromEuler( _tempEuler.set( 0, Math.PI / 2, 0 ) );
						handle.quaternion.copy( quaternion ).multiply( _tempQuaternion );

						if ( Math.abs( _alignVector.copy( _unitZ ).applyQuaternion( quaternion ).dot( this.eye ) ) > 0.9 ) {

							handle.visible = false;

						}

					}

					if ( this.axis === 'XYZE' ) {

						_tempQuaternion.setFromEuler( _tempEuler.set( 0, Math.PI / 2, 0 ) );
						_alignVector.copy( this.rotationAxis );
						handle.quaternion.setFromRotationMatrix( _lookAtMatrix.lookAt( _zeroVector, _alignVector, _unitY ) );
						handle.quaternion.multiply( _tempQuaternion );
						handle.visible = this.dragging;

					}

					if ( this.axis === 'E' ) {

						handle.visible = false;

					}


				} else if ( handle.name === 'START' ) {

					handle.position.copy( this.worldPositionStart );
					handle.visible = this.dragging;

				} else if ( handle.name === 'END' ) {

					handle.position.copy( this.worldPosition );
					handle.visible = this.dragging;

				} else if ( handle.name === 'DELTA' ) {

					handle.position.copy( this.worldPositionStart );
					handle.quaternion.copy( this.worldQuaternionStart );
					_tempVector.set( 1e-10, 1e-10, 1e-10 ).add( this.worldPositionStart ).sub( this.worldPosition ).multiplyScalar( - 1 );
					_tempVector.applyQuaternion( this.worldQuaternionStart.clone().invert() );
					handle.scale.copy( _tempVector );
					handle.visible = this.dragging;

				} else {

					handle.quaternion.copy( quaternion );

					if ( this.dragging ) {

						handle.position.copy( this.worldPositionStart );

					} else {

						handle.position.copy( this.worldPosition );

					}

					if ( this.axis ) {

						handle.visible = this.axis.search( handle.name ) !== - 1;

					}

				}

				// If updating helper, skip rest of the loop
				continue;

			}

			// Align handles to current local or world rotation

			handle.quaternion.copy( quaternion );

			if ( this.mode === 'translate' || this.mode === 'scale' ) {

				// Hide translate and scale axis facing the camera

				const AXIS_HIDE_TRESHOLD = 0.99;
				const PLANE_HIDE_TRESHOLD = 0.2;
				const AXIS_FLIP_TRESHOLD = 0.0;

				if ( handle.name === 'X' || handle.name === 'XYZX' ) {

					if ( Math.abs( _alignVector.copy( _unitX ).applyQuaternion( quaternion ).dot( this.eye ) ) > AXIS_HIDE_TRESHOLD ) {

						handle.scale.set( 1e-10, 1e-10, 1e-10 );
						handle.visible = false;

					}

				}

				if ( handle.name === 'Y' || handle.name === 'XYZY' ) {

					if ( Math.abs( _alignVector.copy( _unitY ).applyQuaternion( quaternion ).dot( this.eye ) ) > AXIS_HIDE_TRESHOLD ) {

						handle.scale.set( 1e-10, 1e-10, 1e-10 );
						handle.visible = false;

					}

				}

				if ( handle.name === 'Z' || handle.name === 'XYZZ' ) {

					if ( Math.abs( _alignVector.copy( _unitZ ).applyQuaternion( quaternion ).dot( this.eye ) ) > AXIS_HIDE_TRESHOLD ) {

						handle.scale.set( 1e-10, 1e-10, 1e-10 );
						handle.visible = false;

					}

				}

				if ( handle.name === 'XY' ) {

					if ( Math.abs( _alignVector.copy( _unitZ ).applyQuaternion( quaternion ).dot( this.eye ) ) < PLANE_HIDE_TRESHOLD ) {

						handle.scale.set( 1e-10, 1e-10, 1e-10 );
						handle.visible = false;

					}

				}

				if ( handle.name === 'YZ' ) {

					if ( Math.abs( _alignVector.copy( _unitX ).applyQuaternion( quaternion ).dot( this.eye ) ) < PLANE_HIDE_TRESHOLD ) {

						handle.scale.set( 1e-10, 1e-10, 1e-10 );
						handle.visible = false;

					}

				}

				if ( handle.name === 'XZ' ) {

					if ( Math.abs( _alignVector.copy( _unitY ).applyQuaternion( quaternion ).dot( this.eye ) ) < PLANE_HIDE_TRESHOLD ) {

						handle.scale.set( 1e-10, 1e-10, 1e-10 );
						handle.visible = false;

					}

				}

				// Flip translate and scale axis ocluded behind another axis

				if ( handle.name.search( 'X' ) !== - 1 ) {

					if ( _alignVector.copy( _unitX ).applyQuaternion( quaternion ).dot( this.eye ) < AXIS_FLIP_TRESHOLD ) {

						if ( handle.tag === 'fwd' ) {

							handle.visible = false;

						} else {

							handle.scale.x *= - 1;

						}

					} else if ( handle.tag === 'bwd' ) {

						handle.visible = false;

					}

				}

				if ( handle.name.search( 'Y' ) !== - 1 ) {

					if ( _alignVector.copy( _unitY ).applyQuaternion( quaternion ).dot( this.eye ) < AXIS_FLIP_TRESHOLD ) {

						if ( handle.tag === 'fwd' ) {

							handle.visible = false;

						} else {

							handle.scale.y *= - 1;

						}

					} else if ( handle.tag === 'bwd' ) {

						handle.visible = false;

					}

				}

				if ( handle.name.search( 'Z' ) !== - 1 ) {

					if ( _alignVector.copy( _unitZ ).applyQuaternion( quaternion ).dot( this.eye ) < AXIS_FLIP_TRESHOLD ) {

						if ( handle.tag === 'fwd' ) {

							handle.visible = false;

						} else {

							handle.scale.z *= - 1;

						}

					} else if ( handle.tag === 'bwd' ) {

						handle.visible = false;

					}

				}

			} else if ( this.mode === 'rotate' ) {

				// Align handles to current local or world rotation

				_tempQuaternion2.copy( quaternion );
				_alignVector.copy( this.eye ).applyQuaternion( _tempQuaternion.copy( quaternion ).invert() );

				if ( handle.name.search( 'E' ) !== - 1 ) {

					handle.quaternion.setFromRotationMatrix( _lookAtMatrix.lookAt( this.eye, _zeroVector, _unitY ) );

				}

				if ( handle.name === 'X' ) {

					_tempQuaternion.setFromAxisAngle( _unitX, Math.atan2( - _alignVector.y, _alignVector.z ) );
					_tempQuaternion.multiplyQuaternions( _tempQuaternion2, _tempQuaternion );
					handle.quaternion.copy( _tempQuaternion );

				}

				if ( handle.name === 'Y' ) {

					_tempQuaternion.setFromAxisAngle( _unitY, Math.atan2( _alignVector.x, _alignVector.z ) );
					_tempQuaternion.multiplyQuaternions( _tempQuaternion2, _tempQuaternion );
					handle.quaternion.copy( _tempQuaternion );

				}

				if ( handle.name === 'Z' ) {

					_tempQuaternion.setFromAxisAngle( _unitZ, Math.atan2( _alignVector.y, _alignVector.x ) );
					_tempQuaternion.multiplyQuaternions( _tempQuaternion2, _tempQuaternion );
					handle.quaternion.copy( _tempQuaternion );

				}

			}

			// Hide disabled axes
			handle.visible = handle.visible && ( handle.name.indexOf( 'X' ) === - 1 || this.showX );
			handle.visible = handle.visible && ( handle.name.indexOf( 'Y' ) === - 1 || this.showY );
			handle.visible = handle.visible && ( handle.name.indexOf( 'Z' ) === - 1 || this.showZ );
			handle.visible = handle.visible && ( handle.name.indexOf( 'E' ) === - 1 || ( this.showX && this.showY && this.showZ ) );

			// highlight selected axis

			handle.material._opacity = handle.material._opacity || handle.material.opacity;
			handle.material._color = handle.material._color || handle.material.color.clone();

			handle.material.color.copy( handle.material._color );
			handle.material.opacity = handle.material._opacity;

			if ( ! this.enabled ) {

				handle.material.opacity *= 0.5;
				handle.material.color.lerp( new Color( 1, 1, 1 ), 0.5 );

			} else if ( this.axis ) {

				if ( handle.name === this.axis ) {

					handle.material.opacity = 1.0;
					handle.material.color.lerp( new Color( 1, 1, 1 ), 0.5 );

				} else if ( this.axis.split( '' ).some( function ( a ) {

					return handle.name === a;

				} ) ) {

					handle.material.opacity = 1.0;
					handle.material.color.lerp( new Color( 1, 1, 1 ), 0.5 );

				} else {

					handle.material.opacity *= 0.25;
					handle.material.color.lerp( new Color( 1, 1, 1 ), 0.5 );

				}

			}

		}

		super.updateMatrixWorld( force );

	}

}

TransformControlsGizmo.prototype.isTransformControlsGizmo = true;

//

class TransformControlsPlane extends Mesh {

	constructor() {

		super(
			new PlaneGeometry( 100000, 100000, 2, 2 ),
			new MeshBasicMaterial( { visible: false, wireframe: true, side: DoubleSide, transparent: true, opacity: 0.1, toneMapped: false } )
		);

		this.type = 'TransformControlsPlane';

	}

	updateMatrixWorld( force ) {

		let space = this.space;

		this.position.copy( this.worldPosition );

		if ( this.mode === 'scale' ) space = 'local'; // scale always oriented to local rotation

		_v1.copy( _unitX ).applyQuaternion( space === 'local' ? this.worldQuaternion : _identityQuaternion );
		_v2.copy( _unitY ).applyQuaternion( space === 'local' ? this.worldQuaternion : _identityQuaternion );
		_v3.copy( _unitZ ).applyQuaternion( space === 'local' ? this.worldQuaternion : _identityQuaternion );

		// Align the plane for current transform mode, axis and space.

		_alignVector.copy( _v2 );

		switch ( this.mode ) {

			case 'translate':
			case 'scale':
				switch ( this.axis ) {

					case 'X':
						_alignVector.copy( this.eye ).cross( _v1 );
						_dirVector.copy( _v1 ).cross( _alignVector );
						break;
					case 'Y':
						_alignVector.copy( this.eye ).cross( _v2 );
						_dirVector.copy( _v2 ).cross( _alignVector );
						break;
					case 'Z':
						_alignVector.copy( this.eye ).cross( _v3 );
						_dirVector.copy( _v3 ).cross( _alignVector );
						break;
					case 'XY':
						_dirVector.copy( _v3 );
						break;
					case 'YZ':
						_dirVector.copy( _v1 );
						break;
					case 'XZ':
						_alignVector.copy( _v3 );
						_dirVector.copy( _v2 );
						break;
					case 'XYZ':
					case 'E':
						_dirVector.set( 0, 0, 0 );
						break;

				}

				break;
			case 'rotate':
			default:
				// special case for rotate
				_dirVector.set( 0, 0, 0 );

		}

		if ( _dirVector.length() === 0 ) {

			// If in rotate mode, make the plane parallel to camera
			this.quaternion.copy( this.cameraQuaternion );

		} else {

			_tempMatrix.lookAt( _tempVector.set( 0, 0, 0 ), _dirVector, _alignVector );

			this.quaternion.setFromRotationMatrix( _tempMatrix );

		}

		super.updateMatrixWorld( force );

	}

}

TransformControlsPlane.prototype.isTransformControlsPlane = true;

export { TransformControls, TransformControlsGizmo, TransformControlsPlane };