lovr-cjson/README

Lua CJSON v1.0.2
================

Lua CJSON is covered by the MIT license. See the file "LICENSE" for
details.

Lua CJSON provides fast JSON parsing and encoding support for Lua.

Features:
- 10x to 20x quicker (or more) than the fastest pure Lua JSON modules.
- Full support for JSON with UTF-8, including decoding surrogate
  pairs.
- Optionally supports common JSON extensions (NaN, Inf,..).

Caveats:
- UTF-16 and UTF-32 are not supported.
- Multiple OS threads within a single Lua state are not currently
  supported. However, this is an extremely uncommon configuration due
  to performance limitations.

To obtain the latest version of Lua CJSON visit:

  http://www.kyne.com.au/~mark/software/lua-cjson.php

Feel free to email me if you have any patches, suggestions, or comments.

- Mark Pulford <[email protected]>


Installing
==========

Build requirements:
- Lua (http://www.lua.org/)
Or:
- LuaJIT (http://www.luajit.org/)

There are 3 build methods available:
- Gmake: POSIX, OSX
- RPM: Some Linux distributions
- LuaRocks (http://www.luarocks.org/): POSIX, OSX, Windows


Gmake
-----

Review and update the included Makefile to suit your platform. Then:

  # gmake
  # gmake install
  OR
  # cp cjson.so [your_module_directory]


RPM
---

Linux distributions using RPM should be able to build a package with
the following command:

  # rpmbuild -tb lua-cjson-1.0.2.tar.gz


LuaRocks
--------

Extract the source package into a directory and run:

  # cd lua-cjson-1.0.2; luarocks make


Lua CJSON API
=============

Synopsis
--------

  require "cjson"
  -- Or:
  local cjson = require "cjson"

  -- Translate Lua value to/from JSON
  text = cjson.encode(value)
  value = cjson.decode(text)

  -- Get and/or Set CJSON configuration
  setting = cjson.refuse_invalid_numbers([setting])
  depth = cjson.encode_max_depth([depth])
  convert, ratio, safe = cjson.encode_sparse_array([convert[, ratio[, safe]]])
  keep = cjson.encode_keep_buffer([keep])


Encoding
--------

  json_text = cjson.encode(value)

cjson.encode() will serialise the following types:
  * number, string, table, boolean, lightuserdata (NULL) or nil

The remaining Lua types cannot be serialised:
  * thread, userdata, lightuserdata (non-NULL), function

Numbers are encoded using the standard Lua number format.

ASCII 0 - 31, double-quote, forward-slash, black-slash and ASCII 127
are escaped when encoding strings. Other octets are passed
transparently. It is expected the application will perform UTF-8 error
checking if required.

If a Lua table only contains positive integer keys (>0) it is encoded
as an array, otherwise it will be encoded as an object.

A Lua table will only recognised as an array if all keys are type
"number", and are positive integers (>0). Otherwise CJSON will encode
the table as a JSON object.

CJSON will also recognise and handle sparse arrays. Missing entries
will be encoded as "null". Eg:
  { [3] = "data" }
becomes:
  [ null, null, "data" ]

Note: standards compliant JSON must be encapsulated in either an
object ({}) or an array ([]). Hence you must pass a table to
cjson.encode() if you want to generate standards compliant JSON
output.

By default, errors will be raised for:
- Excessively sparse arrays (see below)
- More than 20 nested tables
- Invalid numbers (NaN, Infinity)

These defaults can be changed with:
- cjson.encode_sparse_array()
- cjson.encode_max_depth()
- cjson.refuse_invalid_numbers()

Example:
  data_obj = { true, { foo = "bar" } }
  data_json = cjson.encode(data_obj)


Decoding
--------

  value = cjson.decode(json_text)

cjson.decode() will deserialise any UTF-8 JSON string into a Lua data
structure. It can return any of the types that cjson.encode()
supports.

UTF-16 and UTF-32 JSON strings are not supported.

CJSON only requires that NULL (\0) and double quote (\") are escaped
within strings. All other octets will be passed transparently. UTF-8
characters are not validated and should be checked elsewhere if
desired.

JSON "null" will be converted to a NULL lightuserdata value. This can
be compared with cjson.null for convenience.

By default, invalid numbers (NaN, Infinity, Hex) will be decoded
correctly.

Example:
  data_json = '[ true, { "foo": "bar" } ]'
  data_obj = cjson.decode(data_json)


Invalid numbers
---------------

  setting = cjson.refuse_invalid_numbers([setting])
  -- "setting" must be on of:
  --       false, "encode", "decode", "both", true

CJSON considers numbers which are outside the JSON specification to be
"invalid". Eg:
- Infinity
- NaN
- Hexadecimal numbers

This setting can be configured separately for encoding and/or
decoding:
- Enabled: an error will be generated if an invalid number is found.
- Disabled (encoding): NaN and Infinity can be encoded. 
- Disabled (decoding): All numbers supported by strtod(3) will be
                       parsed.


Sparse arrays
-------------

  convert, ratio, safe = cjson.encode_sparse_array([convert[, ratio[, safe]]])
  -- "convert" must be a boolean. Default: false.
  -- "ratio" must be a positive integer (>0). Default: 2
  -- "safe" must be a positive integer (>0). Default: 10

CJSON detects excessively sparse arrays by comparing the number of
items in an array with the maximum index. An excessively sparse array
is defined as:

  max_index > safe AND max_index > items * ratio

Eg:
  { [1000] = "excessively sparse array" }

Setting "ratio" to 0 disables checking for excessively sparse arrays.

When "convert" is enabled, CJSON will encode excessively sparse arrays
as JSON objects.


Nested tables
-------------

  depth = cjson.encode_max_depth([depth])
  -- "depth" must be a positive integer (>0).

By default, CJSON will reject data structure with more than 20 nested
tables.

This check is used to prevent a nested data structure from crashing
the application. Eg:
  a = {}; b = { a }; a[1] = b


Number precision
----------------

  precision = cjson.encode_number_precision([precision])
  -- "precision" must be between 1 and 14 (inclusive)

By default CJSON will use up to 14 digits for precision when
converting a number to text.

Reducing number precision to 3 can improve performance of number
heavy conversions by up to 50%.


Persistent encoding buffer
-------------------------

  keep = cjson.keep_encode_buffer([keep])
  -- "keep" must be a boolean

By default, CJSON will reuse the JSON encoding buffer to improve
performance. The buffer will grow to the largest size required and is
not freed until CJSON is garbage collected. Setting this option to
"false" will cause the buffer to be freed after each call to
cjson.encode().


References
==========

- http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4627
- http://www.json.org/