|
|
@@ -25,8 +25,8 @@
|
|
|
\usepackage{a4}
|
|
|
\usepackage{makeidx}
|
|
|
\usepackage{html}
|
|
|
-\latex{\usepackage{fpk}}
|
|
|
-\html{\input{fpk-html.tex}}
|
|
|
+\latex{\usepackage{fpc}}
|
|
|
+\html{\input{fpc-html.tex}}
|
|
|
\makeindex
|
|
|
%
|
|
|
% start of document.
|
|
|
@@ -48,10 +48,10 @@
|
|
|
This document describes all constants, types, variables, functions and
|
|
|
procedures as they are declared in the system unit.
|
|
|
|
|
|
-Furthermore, it describes all pascal constructs supported by \fpk, and lists
|
|
|
+Furthermore, it describes all pascal constructs supported by \fpc, and lists
|
|
|
all supported data types. It does not, however, give a detailed explanation
|
|
|
of the pascal language. The aim is to list which Pascal constructs are
|
|
|
-supported, and to show where the \fpk implementation differs from the
|
|
|
+supported, and to show where the \fpc implementation differs from the
|
|
|
Turbo Pascal implementation.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Throughout this document, we will refer to functions, types and variables
|
|
|
@@ -78,20 +78,20 @@ manual section.
|
|
|
% The Pascal language
|
|
|
%
|
|
|
\chapter{Supported Pascal language constructs}
|
|
|
-In this chapter we describe the pascal constructs supported by \fpk, as well
|
|
|
+In this chapter we describe the pascal constructs supported by \fpc, as well
|
|
|
as the supported data types.
|
|
|
|
|
|
This is not intended as an introduction to the Pascal language, although all
|
|
|
language constructs will be covered. The main goal is to explain what is
|
|
|
-supported by \fpk, and where the Free implementation differs from the Turbo
|
|
|
+supported by \fpc, and where the Free implementation differs from the Turbo
|
|
|
Pascal one.
|
|
|
\section{Data types}
|
|
|
-\fpk supports the same data types as Turbo Pascal, with some extensions from
|
|
|
+\fpc supports the same data types as Turbo Pascal, with some extensions from
|
|
|
Delphi.
|
|
|
\subsection{Integer types}
|
|
|
-The integer types predefined in \fpk are listed in \seet{integers}.
|
|
|
+The integer types predefined in \fpc are listed in \seet{integers}.
|
|
|
|
|
|
-\begin{FPKltable}{lcr}{Predefined integer types}{integers}
|
|
|
+\begin{FPCltable}{lcr}{Predefined integer types}{integers}
|
|
|
Type & Range & Size in bytes \\ \hline
|
|
|
Byte & 0 .. 255 & 1 \\
|
|
|
Shortint & -127 .. 127 & 1\\
|
|
|
@@ -99,33 +99,33 @@ Integer & -32768 .. 32767 & 2 \\
|
|
|
Word & 0 .. 65535 & 2 \\
|
|
|
Longint & -2147483648 .. 2147483648 & 4\\
|
|
|
Cardinal\footnote{The cardinal type support is buggy until version 0.9.3} & 0..4294967296 & 4 \\ \hline
|
|
|
-\end{FPKltable}
|
|
|
+\end{FPCltable}
|
|
|
|
|
|
-\fpk does automatic type conversion in expressions where different kinds of
|
|
|
+\fpc does automatic type conversion in expressions where different kinds of
|
|
|
integer types are used.
|
|
|
|
|
|
-\fpk supports hexadecimal format the same way as Turbo Pascal does. To
|
|
|
+\fpc supports hexadecimal format the same way as Turbo Pascal does. To
|
|
|
specify a constant value in hexadecimal format, prepend it with a dollar
|
|
|
sign (\var{\$}). Thus, the hexadecimal \var{\$FF} equals 255 decimal.
|
|
|
|
|
|
-In addition to the support for hexadecimal notation, \fpk also supports
|
|
|
+In addition to the support for hexadecimal notation, \fpc also supports
|
|
|
binary notation. You can specify a binary number by preceding it with a
|
|
|
percent sign (\var{\%}). Thus, \var{255} can be specified in binary notation
|
|
|
as \var{\%11111111}.
|
|
|
|
|
|
\subsection{Real types}
|
|
|
-\fpk uses the math coprocessor (or an emulation) for al its floating-point
|
|
|
+\fpc uses the math coprocessor (or an emulation) for al its floating-point
|
|
|
calculations. The native type for the coprocessor is \var{Double}. Other
|
|
|
than that, all Turbo Pascal real types are supported. They're listed in
|
|
|
\seet{Reals}.
|
|
|
- \begin{FPKltable}{lccr}{Supported Real types}{Reals}
|
|
|
+ \begin{FPCltable}{lccr}{Supported Real types}{Reals}
|
|
|
Type & Range & Significant digits & Size\footnote{In Turbo Pascal.} \\ \hline
|
|
|
Real & 2.9E-39 .. 1.7E38 & 11-12 & 6 \\
|
|
|
Single & 1.5E-45 .. 3.4E38 & 7-8 & 4 \\
|
|
|
Double & 5.0E-324 .. 1.7E308 & 15-16 & 8 \\
|
|
|
Extended & 1.9E-4951 .. 1.1E4932 & 19-20 & 10\\
|
|
|
%Comp\footnote{\var{Comp} only holds integer values.} & -2E64+1 .. 2E63-1 & 19-20 & 8 \\
|
|
|
-\end{FPKltable}
|
|
|
+\end{FPCltable}
|
|
|
|
|
|
Until version 0.9.1 of the compiler, all the real types are mapped to type
|
|
|
\var{Double}, meaning that they all have size 8. From version 0.9.3, the
|
|
|
@@ -134,7 +134,7 @@ Turbo Pascal. The \seef{SizeOf} function is your friend here.
|
|
|
|
|
|
\subsection{Character types}
|
|
|
\subsubsection{Char}
|
|
|
-\fpk supports the type \var{Char}. A \var{Char} is exactly 1 byte in
|
|
|
+\fpc supports the type \var{Char}. A \var{Char} is exactly 1 byte in
|
|
|
size, and contains one character.
|
|
|
|
|
|
You can specify a character constant by enclosing the character in single
|
|
|
@@ -153,7 +153,7 @@ successively, thus \var{''''} represents the single quote character.
|
|
|
|
|
|
\subsubsection{Strings}
|
|
|
|
|
|
-\fpk supports the \var{String} type as it is defined in Turbo Pascal.
|
|
|
+\fpc supports the \var{String} type as it is defined in Turbo Pascal.
|
|
|
To declare a variable as a string, use the following declaration:
|
|
|
\begin{verbatim}
|
|
|
Var
|
|
|
@@ -162,7 +162,7 @@ Var
|
|
|
This will declare \var{S} as a variable of type \var{String}, with maximum
|
|
|
length \var{Size}. \var{Size} can be any value from \var{1} to \var{255}.
|
|
|
|
|
|
-\fpk reserves \var{Size+1} bytes for the string \var{S}, and in the zeroeth
|
|
|
+\fpc reserves \var{Size+1} bytes for the string \var{S}, and in the zeroeth
|
|
|
element of the string (\var{S[0]}) it will store the length of the variable.
|
|
|
|
|
|
If you don't specify the size of the string, \var{255} is taken as a
|
|
|
@@ -187,7 +187,7 @@ between them. Strings can not be substracted, however.
|
|
|
|
|
|
\subsubsection{PChar}
|
|
|
|
|
|
-\fpk supports the Delphi implementation of the \var{PChar} type. \var{PChar}
|
|
|
+\fpc supports the Delphi implementation of the \var{PChar} type. \var{PChar}
|
|
|
is defined as a pointer to a \var{Char} type, but allows additional
|
|
|
operations.
|
|
|
|
|
|
@@ -196,7 +196,7 @@ C-style null-terminated string, i.e. a variable of type \var{PChar} is a pointer
|
|
|
that points to an array of type \var{Char}, which is ended by a
|
|
|
null-character (\var{\#0}).
|
|
|
|
|
|
-\fpk supports initializing of \var{PChar} typed constants, or a direct
|
|
|
+\fpc supports initializing of \var{PChar} typed constants, or a direct
|
|
|
assignment. For example, the following pieces of code are equivalent:
|
|
|
|
|
|
\begin{CodEx}
|
|
|
@@ -255,7 +255,7 @@ However, it is possible to do some pointer arithmetic. You can use the
|
|
|
operators \var{+} and \var{-} to do operations on \var{PChar} pointers.
|
|
|
In \seet{PCharMath}, \var{P} and \var{Q} are of type \var{PChar}, and
|
|
|
\var{I} is of type \var{Longint}.
|
|
|
-\begin{FPKltable}{lr}{\var{PChar} pointer arithmetic}{PCharMath}
|
|
|
+\begin{FPCltable}{lr}{\var{PChar} pointer arithmetic}{PCharMath}
|
|
|
Operation & Result \\ \hline
|
|
|
\var{P + I} & Adds \var{I} to the address pointed to by \var{P}. \\
|
|
|
\var{I + P} & Adds \var{I} to the address pointed to by \var{P}. \\
|
|
|
@@ -263,10 +263,10 @@ Operation & Result \\ \hline
|
|
|
\var{P - Q} & Returns, as an integer, the distance between 2 addresses \\
|
|
|
& (or the number of characters between \var{P} and \var{Q}) \\
|
|
|
\hline
|
|
|
-\end{FPKltable}
|
|
|
+\end{FPCltable}
|
|
|
|
|
|
\subsection{Booleans}
|
|
|
-\fpk supports the \var{Boolean} type, with its two pre-defined possible
|
|
|
+\fpc supports the \var{Boolean} type, with its two pre-defined possible
|
|
|
values \var{True} and \var{False}. These are the only two values that can be
|
|
|
assigned to a \var{Boolean} type. Of course, any expression that resolves
|
|
|
to a \var{boolean} value, can also be assigned to a boolean type.
|
|
|
@@ -280,7 +280,7 @@ assignments:
|
|
|
\end{verbatim}
|
|
|
Boolean expressions are also used in conditions.
|
|
|
|
|
|
-{\em Remark:} In \fpk, boolean expressions are always evaluated in such a
|
|
|
+{\em Remark:} In \fpc, boolean expressions are always evaluated in such a
|
|
|
way that when the result is known, the rest of the expression will no longer
|
|
|
be evaluated (Called short-cut evaluation). In the following example, the function \var{Func} will never
|
|
|
be called, which may have strange side-effects.
|
|
|
@@ -292,13 +292,13 @@ be called, which may have strange side-effects.
|
|
|
Here \var{Func} is a function which returns a \var{Boolean} type.
|
|
|
|
|
|
\subsection{Arrays}
|
|
|
-\fpk supports arrays as in Turbo Pascal, except that packed arrays are not
|
|
|
+\fpc supports arrays as in Turbo Pascal, except that packed arrays are not
|
|
|
supported.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Multi-dimensional arrays are also supported.
|
|
|
|
|
|
\subsection{Pointers}
|
|
|
-\fpk supports the use of pointers. A variable of the type \var{Pointer}
|
|
|
+\fpc supports the use of pointers. A variable of the type \var{Pointer}
|
|
|
contains an address in memory, where the data of another variable may be
|
|
|
stored.
|
|
|
|
|
|
@@ -326,7 +326,7 @@ In this example, \var{BP} {\em is a pointer to} a \var{Buffer} type; while \var{
|
|
|
and \var{BP} only takes 4 bytes of memory (enough to keep an adress in
|
|
|
memory).
|
|
|
|
|
|
-{\em Remark:} \fpk treats pointers much the same way as C does. This means
|
|
|
+{\em Remark:} \fpc treats pointers much the same way as C does. This means
|
|
|
that you can treat a pointer to some type as being an array of this type.
|
|
|
The pointer then points to the zeroeth element of this array. Thus the
|
|
|
following pointer declaration
|
|
|
@@ -354,10 +354,10 @@ begin
|
|
|
end.
|
|
|
\end{verbatim}
|
|
|
\end{CodEx}
|
|
|
-\fpk doesn't support pointer arithmetic as C does, however.
|
|
|
+\fpc doesn't support pointer arithmetic as C does, however.
|
|
|
|
|
|
\subsection{Procedural types}
|
|
|
-\fpk has support for procedural types, although it differs from the Turbo
|
|
|
+\fpc has support for procedural types, although it differs from the Turbo
|
|
|
Pascal implementation of them.
|
|
|
|
|
|
The type declaration remains the same. The two following examples are valid
|
|
|
@@ -383,11 +383,11 @@ Func:=@Pi;
|
|
|
\end{verbatim}
|
|
|
From this example, the difference with Turbo Pascal is clear: In Turbo
|
|
|
Pascal it isn't necessary to use the address operator (\var{@})
|
|
|
-when assigning a procedural type variable, whereas in \fpk it is required.
|
|
|
+when assigning a procedural type variable, whereas in \fpc it is required.
|
|
|
|
|
|
\subsection{Records}
|
|
|
|
|
|
-\fpk supports records. The prototype type definition of a record is:
|
|
|
+\fpc supports records. The prototype type definition of a record is:
|
|
|
\begin{verbatim}
|
|
|
Type
|
|
|
RecType = Record
|
|
|
@@ -451,7 +451,7 @@ And this is as expected. In \var{Trec1}, each of the elements \var{A} and
|
|
|
\var{B} takes 2 bytes of memory, and in \var{Trec1}, \var{A} takes only 1
|
|
|
byte of memory.
|
|
|
|
|
|
-As from version 0.9.3 (a developers' version), \fpk supports also the
|
|
|
+As from version 0.9.3 (a developers' version), \fpc supports also the
|
|
|
'packed record', this is a record where all the elements are byte-aligned.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Thus the two following declarations are equivalent:
|
|
|
@@ -474,7 +474,7 @@ Note the \var{\{\$PACKRECORDS 2\}} after the first declaration !
|
|
|
|
|
|
\subsection{Set types}
|
|
|
|
|
|
-\fpk supports the set types as in Turbo Pascal. The prototype of a set
|
|
|
+\fpc supports the set types as in Turbo Pascal. The prototype of a set
|
|
|
declaration is:
|
|
|
\begin{verbatim}
|
|
|
SetType = Set of TargetType;
|
|
|
@@ -495,12 +495,12 @@ Given this set declaration, the follwing assignment is legal:
|
|
|
WeekDays := [ Mon, Tue, Wed, Thu, Fri];
|
|
|
\end{verbatim}
|
|
|
The operators for manipulations of sets are listed in \seet{SetOps}.
|
|
|
-\begin{FPKltable}{lr}{Set Manipulation operators}{SetOps}
|
|
|
+\begin{FPCltable}{lr}{Set Manipulation operators}{SetOps}
|
|
|
Operation & Operator \\ \hline
|
|
|
Union & + \\
|
|
|
Difference & - \\
|
|
|
Intersection & * \\ \hline
|
|
|
-\end{FPKltable}
|
|
|
+\end{FPCltable}
|
|
|
|
|
|
You can compare two sets with the \var{<>} and \var{=} operators, but not
|
|
|
(yet) with the \var{<} and \var{>} operators.
|
|
|
@@ -511,8 +511,8 @@ processing and decreases program size.
|
|
|
|
|
|
\subsection{Enumeration types}
|
|
|
|
|
|
-Enumeration types are supported in \fpk. On top of the Turbo Pascal
|
|
|
-implementation, \fpk allows the following C-style extension of the
|
|
|
+Enumeration types are supported in \fpc. On top of the Turbo Pascal
|
|
|
+implementation, \fpc allows the following C-style extension of the
|
|
|
enumeration type.
|
|
|
\begin{verbatim}
|
|
|
Type
|
|
|
@@ -536,7 +536,7 @@ error.
|
|
|
|
|
|
\section{Constants}
|
|
|
|
|
|
-Just as in Turbo Pascal, \fpk supports both normal and typed constants.
|
|
|
+Just as in Turbo Pascal, \fpc supports both normal and typed constants.
|
|
|
\subsection{Ordinary constants}
|
|
|
Ordinary constants declarations are no different from the TP implementation.
|
|
|
You can only declare constants of the following types: \var{Ordinal types},
|
|
|
@@ -611,11 +611,11 @@ The order of the fields in a constant record needs to be the same as in the type
|
|
|
otherwise you'll get a compile-time error.
|
|
|
|
|
|
\section{Objects}
|
|
|
-\fpk supports object oriented programming. In fact, part of the compiler is
|
|
|
+\fpc supports object oriented programming. In fact, part of the compiler is
|
|
|
written using objects. Here we present some technical questions regarding
|
|
|
-object oriented programming in \fpk.
|
|
|
+object oriented programming in \fpc.
|
|
|
|
|
|
-\fpk supports 2 programming models for object-oriented programming.
|
|
|
+\fpc supports 2 programming models for object-oriented programming.
|
|
|
You can choose to program object oriented using the Turbo Pascal approach,
|
|
|
or you can prefer the Delphi approach.
|
|
|
|
|
|
@@ -666,11 +666,11 @@ TObj = Object [(ParentObjectType)]
|
|
|
You can repeat as many \var{private} and \var{public} blocks as you want.
|
|
|
\var{Method}s are normal function or procedure declarations.
|
|
|
|
|
|
-As can be seen in the prototype object declaration, \fpk supports
|
|
|
+As can be seen in the prototype object declaration, \fpc supports
|
|
|
constructors and destructors. You are responsible for calling the
|
|
|
destructor and constructor explicitly when using objects.
|
|
|
|
|
|
-\fpk supports also the extended syntax of the \var{New} and \var{Dispose}
|
|
|
+\fpc supports also the extended syntax of the \var{New} and \var{Dispose}
|
|
|
procedures. In case you want to allocate a dynamic varible of an object
|
|
|
type, you can specify the constructor's name in the call to \var{New}.
|
|
|
The \var{New} is implemented as a function which returns a pointer to the
|
|
|
@@ -757,15 +757,15 @@ So, to initialize an instance of some class, you do the following :
|
|
|
ClassVar:=ClassType.ConstructorName;
|
|
|
\end{verbatim}
|
|
|
|
|
|
-{\em Remark :} \fpk doesn't support the concept of properties yet.
|
|
|
+{\em Remark :} \fpc doesn't support the concept of properties yet.
|
|
|
|
|
|
\section{Statements controlling program flow.}
|
|
|
|
|
|
\subsection{Assignments}
|
|
|
-In addition to the standard Pascal assignment operator (\var{:=}), \fpk
|
|
|
+In addition to the standard Pascal assignment operator (\var{:=}), \fpc
|
|
|
supports some c-style constructions. All available constructs are listed in
|
|
|
\seet{assignments}.
|
|
|
-\begin{FPKltable}{lr}{Allowed C constructs in \fpk}{assignments}
|
|
|
+\begin{FPCltable}{lr}{Allowed C constructs in \fpc}{assignments}
|
|
|
Assignment & Result \\ \hline
|
|
|
a += b & Adds \var{b} to \var{a}, and stores the result in \var{a}.\\
|
|
|
a -= b & Substracts \var{b} from \var{a}, and stores the result in
|
|
|
@@ -774,14 +774,14 @@ a *= b & Multiplies \var{a} with \var{b}, and stores the result in
|
|
|
\var{a}. \\
|
|
|
a /= b & Divides \var{a} through \var{b}, and stores the result in
|
|
|
\var{a}. \\ \hline
|
|
|
-\end{FPKltable}
|
|
|
+\end{FPCltable}
|
|
|
For these connstructs to work, you should specify the \var{-Sc}
|
|
|
command-line switch.
|
|
|
|
|
|
{\em Remark:} These constructions are just for typing convenience, they
|
|
|
don't generate different code.
|
|
|
|
|
|
-\fpk also supports typed assignments. This means that an assignment
|
|
|
+\fpc also supports typed assignments. This means that an assignment
|
|
|
statement has a definite type, and hence can be assigned to another
|
|
|
variable. The type of the assignment \var{a:=b} is the type of \var{a}
|
|
|
(or, in this case, of \var{b}), and this can be assigned to another
|
|
|
@@ -797,7 +797,7 @@ For this construct to be allowed, it is necessary to specify the \var{-Sa4}
|
|
|
switch on the command line.
|
|
|
|
|
|
\subsection{The \var{Case} statement}
|
|
|
-\fpk supports the \var{case} statement. Its prototype is
|
|
|
+\fpc supports the \var{case} statement. Its prototype is
|
|
|
\begin{verbatim}
|
|
|
Case Pivot of
|
|
|
Label1 : Statement1;
|
|
|
@@ -816,7 +816,7 @@ The statements \var{Statement1} etc., can be compound statements (i.e. a
|
|
|
\var{begin..End} block).
|
|
|
|
|
|
{\em Remark:} Contrary to Turbo Pascal, duplicate case labels are not
|
|
|
-allowed in \fpk, so the following code will generate an error when
|
|
|
+allowed in \fpc, so the following code will generate an error when
|
|
|
compiling:
|
|
|
|
|
|
\begin{verbatim}
|
|
|
@@ -842,7 +842,7 @@ Else
|
|
|
Statement2
|
|
|
end;
|
|
|
\end{verbatim}
|
|
|
-You needed to do the following in \fpk :
|
|
|
+You needed to do the following in \fpc :
|
|
|
\begin{verbatim}
|
|
|
case Pivot of
|
|
|
...
|
|
|
@@ -856,7 +856,7 @@ end;
|
|
|
So there's an extra \var{end} keyword at the end. But from version 0.9.7
|
|
|
this has been fixed.
|
|
|
\subsection{The \var{For..to/downto..do} statement}
|
|
|
-\fpk supports the \var{For} loop construction. The prototypes are:
|
|
|
+\fpc supports the \var{For} loop construction. The prototypes are:
|
|
|
\begin{verbatim}
|
|
|
For Counter:=Lowerbound to Upperbound Do Statement;
|
|
|
|
|
|
@@ -868,7 +868,7 @@ For Counter:=Upperbound downto Lowerbound Do Statement;
|
|
|
\var{Lowerbound} is larger than \var{Upperbound} then \var{Statement} will
|
|
|
never be executed.
|
|
|
\subsection{The \var{Goto} statement}
|
|
|
-\fpk supports the \var{goto} jump statement. Its prototype is
|
|
|
+\fpc supports the \var{goto} jump statement. Its prototype is
|
|
|
\begin{verbatim}
|
|
|
|
|
|
var
|
|
|
@@ -968,7 +968,7 @@ Last statement doesn't need to be followed by a semicolon, although it is
|
|
|
allowed.
|
|
|
|
|
|
\section{Using functions and procedures}
|
|
|
-\fpk supports the use of functions and procedures, but with some extras:
|
|
|
+\fpc supports the use of functions and procedures, but with some extras:
|
|
|
Function overloading is supported, as well as \var{Const} parameters and
|
|
|
open arrays.
|
|
|
|
|
|
@@ -1002,7 +1002,7 @@ generated.
|
|
|
|
|
|
\subsection{\var{Const} parameters}
|
|
|
In addition to \var{var} parameters and normal parameters (call by value,
|
|
|
-call by reference), \fpk also supports \var{Const} parameters. You can
|
|
|
+call by reference), \fpc also supports \var{Const} parameters. You can
|
|
|
specify a \var{Const} parameter as follows:
|
|
|
\begin{verbatim}
|
|
|
Function Name (Const S: Type_Of_S) : ResultType
|
|
|
@@ -1015,7 +1015,7 @@ The main use for this is reducing the stack size, hence improving
|
|
|
performance.
|
|
|
|
|
|
\subsection{Open array parameters}
|
|
|
-\fpk supports the passing of open arrays, i.e. You can declare a procedure
|
|
|
+\fpc supports the passing of open arrays, i.e. You can declare a procedure
|
|
|
with an array of unspecified length as a parameter, as in Delphi.
|
|
|
|
|
|
The prototype declaration for open array parameters is:
|
|
|
@@ -1032,19 +1032,19 @@ are also declared with open arrays as parameters, {\em not} to functions or
|
|
|
procedures which accept arrays of fixed length.
|
|
|
|
|
|
\section{Using assembler in your code}
|
|
|
-\fpk supports the use of assembler in your code, but not inline
|
|
|
+\fpc supports the use of assembler in your code, but not inline
|
|
|
assembler. assembly functions (i.e. functions declared with the
|
|
|
\var{Assembler} keyword) are supported as of version 0.9.7.
|
|
|
|
|
|
{\em Remark :}
|
|
|
-\fpk issues AT\&T assembly language, as understood by most
|
|
|
+\fpc issues AT\&T assembly language, as understood by most
|
|
|
unix assemblers (most notably : GNU \var{as}).
|
|
|
Intel assembler syntax is available as of version 0.9.8 but the Intel
|
|
|
support isn't complete in the sense that it is converted to AT\&T syntax,
|
|
|
and some constructions aren't supported by the conversion mechanism (see
|
|
|
\progref for more information about this).
|
|
|
Therefore all examples of assembly language will be given in AT\&T syntax,
|
|
|
-as it is the 'native' assembly from \fpk.
|
|
|
+as it is the 'native' assembly from \fpc.
|
|
|
|
|
|
The following is an example of assembler inclusion in your code.
|
|
|
\begin{verbatim}
|
|
|
@@ -1068,7 +1068,7 @@ Contrary to Turbo Pascal, it isn't possible (yet) to reference variables by
|
|
|
their names in the assembler parts of your code.
|
|
|
|
|
|
\section{Modifiers}
|
|
|
-\fpk doesn't support all Turbo Pascal modifiers, but
|
|
|
+\fpc doesn't support all Turbo Pascal modifiers, but
|
|
|
does support a number of additional modifiers. They are used mainly for assembler and
|
|
|
reference to C object files.
|
|
|
|
|
|
@@ -1137,9 +1137,9 @@ function must be exactly the same.
|
|
|
|
|
|
\subsection{Export}
|
|
|
Sometimes you must provide a callback function for a C library, or you want
|
|
|
-your routines to be callable from a C program. Since \fpk and C use
|
|
|
+your routines to be callable from a C program. Since \fpc and C use
|
|
|
different calling schemes for functions and procedures\footnote{More
|
|
|
-techically: In C the calling procedure must clear the stack. In \fpk, the
|
|
|
+techically: In C the calling procedure must clear the stack. In \fpc, the
|
|
|
subroutine clears the stack.}, the compiler must be told to generate code
|
|
|
that can be called from a C routine. This is where the \var{Export} modifier
|
|
|
comes in. Contrary to the other modifiers, it must be specified separately,
|
|
|
@@ -1153,7 +1153,7 @@ end;
|
|
|
\end{verbatim}
|
|
|
The square brackets around the modifier are not allowed in this case.
|
|
|
|
|
|
-{\em Remark:} You cannot call an exported function from within \fpk programs.
|
|
|
+{\em Remark:} You cannot call an exported function from within \fpc programs.
|
|
|
If you try to do so, the compiler will complain when compiling your source
|
|
|
code.
|
|
|
|
|
|
@@ -1171,20 +1171,20 @@ begin
|
|
|
RealDoSomething;
|
|
|
end;
|
|
|
\end{verbatim}
|
|
|
-In this example, from your \fpk code, you can call the \var{RealDoSomething}
|
|
|
+In this example, from your \fpc code, you can call the \var{RealDoSomething}
|
|
|
procedure. If someone wants to link to your code from a C program, he can
|
|
|
call the \var{DoSomething} procedure. Both calls will have the same effect.
|
|
|
|
|
|
{\em Remark:}
|
|
|
-as of version 0.9.8, \fpk supports the Delphi \var{cdecl} modifier.
|
|
|
+as of version 0.9.8, \fpc supports the Delphi \var{cdecl} modifier.
|
|
|
This modifier works in the same way as the \var{export} modifier.
|
|
|
|
|
|
More information about these modifiers can be found in the \progref, in the
|
|
|
section on the calling mechanism and the chapter on linking.
|
|
|
|
|
|
\subsection{StdCall}
|
|
|
-As of version 0.9.8, \fpk supports the Delphi \var{stdcall} modifier.
|
|
|
-This modifier does actually nothing, since the \fpk compiler by default
|
|
|
+As of version 0.9.8, \fpc supports the Delphi \var{stdcall} modifier.
|
|
|
+This modifier does actually nothing, since the \fpc compiler by default
|
|
|
pushes parameters from right to left on the stack, which is what the
|
|
|
modifier does under Delphi (which pushes parameters on the stack from left to
|
|
|
right).
|
|
|
@@ -1236,21 +1236,21 @@ Where \var{'register'} is one of \var{'EAX',EBX',ECX','EDX'} etc.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
\subsection{Unsupported Turbo Pascal modifiers}
|
|
|
-The modifiers that exist in Turbo pascal, but aren't supported by \fpk, are
|
|
|
+The modifiers that exist in Turbo pascal, but aren't supported by \fpc, are
|
|
|
listed in \seet{Modifs}.
|
|
|
-\begin{FPKltable}{lr}{Unsupported modifiers}{Modifs}
|
|
|
+\begin{FPCltable}{lr}{Unsupported modifiers}{Modifs}
|
|
|
Modifier & Why not supported ? \\ \hline
|
|
|
-Near & \fpk is a 32-bit compiler.\\
|
|
|
-Far & \fpk is a 32-bit compiler. \\
|
|
|
+Near & \fpc is a 32-bit compiler.\\
|
|
|
+Far & \fpc is a 32-bit compiler. \\
|
|
|
External & Replaced by \var{C} modifier. \\ \hline
|
|
|
-\end{FPKltable}
|
|
|
+\end{FPCltable}
|
|
|
|
|
|
%
|
|
|
% System unit reference guide.
|
|
|
%
|
|
|
|
|
|
\chapter{Reference : The system unit}
|
|
|
-The system unit contains the standard supported functions of \fpk. It is the
|
|
|
+The system unit contains the standard supported functions of \fpc. It is the
|
|
|
same for all platforms. Basically it is the same as the system unit provided
|
|
|
with Borland or Turbo Pascal.
|
|
|
|
|
|
@@ -1319,7 +1319,7 @@ var
|
|
|
stackbottom : longint;
|
|
|
loweststack : longint;
|
|
|
\end{verbatim}
|
|
|
-The variables \var{ExitProc}, \var{exitcode} are used in the \fpk exit
|
|
|
+The variables \var{ExitProc}, \var{exitcode} are used in the \fpc exit
|
|
|
scheme. It works similarly to the on in Turbo Pascal:
|
|
|
|
|
|
When a program halts (be it through the call of the \var{Halt} function or
|
|
|
@@ -1475,8 +1475,8 @@ empty string is returned.}
|
|
|
\input{refex/ex12.tex}
|
|
|
|
|
|
\Function{CSeg}{Word}
|
|
|
-{\var{CSeg} returns the Code segment register. In \fpk, it returns always a
|
|
|
-zero, since \fpk is a 32 bit compiler.}
|
|
|
+{\var{CSeg} returns the Code segment register. In \fpc, it returns always a
|
|
|
+zero, since \fpc is a 32 bit compiler.}
|
|
|
{None.}
|
|
|
{\seef{DSeg}, \seef{Seg}, \seef{Ofs}, \seef{Ptr}}
|
|
|
|
|
|
@@ -1512,8 +1512,8 @@ heap.}
|
|
|
\input{refex/ex16.tex}
|
|
|
|
|
|
\Function{DSeg}{Word}
|
|
|
-{\var{DSeg} returns the data segment register. In \fpk, it returns always a
|
|
|
-zero, since \fpk is a 32 bit compiler.}
|
|
|
+{\var{DSeg} returns the data segment register. In \fpc, it returns always a
|
|
|
+zero, since \fpc is a 32 bit compiler.}
|
|
|
{None.}
|
|
|
{\seef{CSeg}, \seef{Seg}, \seef{Ofs}, \seef{Ptr}}
|
|
|
|
|
|
@@ -1862,8 +1862,8 @@ For an example, see \seep{Dispose}.
|
|
|
\function{Ofs}{Var X}{Longint}
|
|
|
{\var{Ofs} returns the offset of the address of a variable.
|
|
|
|
|
|
-This function is only supported for compatibility. In \fpk, it
|
|
|
-returns always the complete address of the variable, since \fpk is a 32 bit
|
|
|
+This function is only supported for compatibility. In \fpc, it
|
|
|
+returns always the complete address of the variable, since \fpc is a 32 bit
|
|
|
compiler.
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
{None.}
|
|
|
@@ -1928,7 +1928,7 @@ The search is case-sensitive.
|
|
|
{\var{Ptr} returns a pointer, pointing to the address specified by
|
|
|
segment{Sel} and offset \var{Off}.
|
|
|
|
|
|
-{\em Remark 1:} In the 32-bit flat-memory model supported by \fpk, this
|
|
|
+{\em Remark 1:} In the 32-bit flat-memory model supported by \fpc, this
|
|
|
function is obsolete.}
|
|
|
|
|
|
{\em Remark 2:} The returned address is simply the offset. If you recompile
|
|
|
@@ -1952,7 +1952,7 @@ If the argument \var{L} is omitted, a real number between 0 and 1 is returned.
|
|
|
\input{refex/ex49.tex}
|
|
|
|
|
|
\Procedure{Randomize}
|
|
|
-{\var{Randomize} initializes the random number generator of \fpk, by giving
|
|
|
+{\var{Randomize} initializes the random number generator of \fpc, by giving
|
|
|
a value to \var{Randseed}, calculated with the system clock.
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
{None.}
|
|
|
@@ -2116,8 +2116,8 @@ If the parameter \var{F} is omitted, standard \var{Input} is assumed.}
|
|
|
\function{Seg}{Var X}{Longint}
|
|
|
{\var{Seg} returns the segment of the address of a variable.
|
|
|
|
|
|
-This function is only supported for compatibility. In \fpk, it
|
|
|
-returns always 0, since \fpk is a 32 bit compiler, segments have no meaning.
|
|
|
+This function is only supported for compatibility. In \fpc, it
|
|
|
+returns always 0, since \fpc is a 32 bit compiler, segments have no meaning.
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
{None.}
|
|
|
{\seef{DSeg}, \seef{CSeg}, \seef{Ofs}, \seef{Ptr}}
|
michael