freepascal.compiler/compiler/new/README

$Id$

Module CPUBASE
--------------

   CONSTANTS used throughout the code generator
   --------------------------------------------

frame_pointer              equals the register used as frame pointer
stack_pointer              equals the register used as stack pointer
self_pointer               equals the register used as self pointer
accumulator                equals the register which will be used
                           as function return values


unusedregsint              set of Currently available integer registers
unusedregsfpu              set of Currently available fpu registers
unusedregsmm               set of Currently available mm registers

availabletempregsint       set of maximally available integer registers
availabletempregsfpu       set of maximally available fpu registers
availabletempregsmm        set of maximally available mm registers

countusableregsint         count of currently available integer registers
countusableregsfpu         count of currently available fpu registers
countusableregsmm          count of currently available mm registers

c_countusableregsint       count of max. available int registers (in the current procedure)
c_countusableregsfpu       count of max. available fpu registers (in the current procedure)
c_countusableregsmm        count of max. available mm registers (in the current procedure)

intregs                    all!! available integer register
fpuregs                    all!! available fpu register
mmregs                     all!! available multimedia register

lvaluelocations            a set of all locations which can be an l-value

  Locations
  ---------
The first pass assigns these location types which are then
used by the code generator to write out the correct instructions:

 LOC_INVALID    = This is an error and should never occur
 LOC_REGISTER   = Location is in a register
 LOC_MEM        = Memory reference (symbolic or register address?)
 LOC_REFERENCE  = Memory reference (symbolic or register address?)
 LOC_JUMP       = ????
 LOC_FLAGS      = Value is in the flags (Florian, this will give problems!)
 LOC_CREGISTER  = Value is in a constant register (across calls -
                   used for optimizations) - Constant registers
                  should not be directly modified????
 LOC_CONST      = Value is a numeric constant

   Operand Sizes
   -------------
 OS_NO       = No operand size.
 OS_8        = 8-bit signed or unsigned value
 OS_16       = 16-bit signed or unsigned value
 OS_32       = 32-bit signed or unsigned value
 OS_64       = 64-bit signed or unsigned value

Intel specific
--------------
unusedregssse
availabletempregssse
countusableregssse

Jonas Maebe schrieb:
>
> Hello,
>
> Is there any difference between the localsize parameter of
> g_stackframe_entry and the parasize parameter of g_return_from_proc, or
> are they both the same value?

They are different, I think the value of g_return_from_proc doesn't matter
for the PowerPC. It's the size of parameters passed on the stack
and only important for the i386/m68k probably.

>
> And for the PowerPC, what will they contain? Just the size of the local
> variables and parameters, or also the maximum needed size for parameters
> of any procedure called by the current one (the caller must reserve space
> for the callee's parameters on it's own stack because you can't push
> values on the stack in the middle of a procedure (no frame pointer))
>
> Jonas

the parameter passed to g_stackframe_entry contains the size of the all local space which is
needed
except
that one for saving registers: the set procinfo.registerstosave (not yet implemented,
I'll commit it soon) will contain
all registers which must be saved by the entry and restored by the exit code of a procedure
and you have to add extra space to do that.

The code generation
-------------------

The code generation can be seperated into 3 layers:
1. the method secondpass of the tnode childs
2. the procedure variables p2_
3. the code generator object

1.: This procedure does very high level stuff, if the code generation
is processor independent, it calls the appropriate procedures of the
code generator object to generate the code, but in most cases, it
calls procedure variables of the second layer

2. This procedure variables must be initialized to match the
current processor, these variables are used to optimize
existing processor instructions(? CEC).

The following procedure variables are currently used

   Name                      Purpose                 Alternatives
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
p2_assignment
p2_assignment_int64_reg   Do an assignment of a int64


3. The code generator object does very basic operations like generating
move code etc, which is called by the p2_ functions and by the
secondpass procedures.

Alignment
---------

The alignment is handled very easily: treference contains a field
alignment which describes the ensured alignment for the node, possible
values: 1,2,4,8,16 (1 means unligned). The code generator must update
that field at the appropriate places and take care of it when
generating the code

MODULE CGOBJ (The code generator object)
------------
This is the basis of the code generator, it includes several
template instructions which are used to create a processor
independant code generator.

Fields:
    scratch_register_array_pointer : aword;
     ?????????????????????
       Indicates the free scratch registers?

    unusedscratchregisters : tregisterset;
       This holds the currently unused registers which can
       be used as temporary placeholders.

    alignment : talignment; ?? Why is this in cg object, should not
    this be a constant instead?

     Template instructions
     ---------------------
          procedure a_call_name

          Call a routine by symbolic name with a possible
          numeric offset value.



???? WE ASSUME UNSIGNED???

          { move instructions }
          procedure a_load_const_reg
          --------------------------
          Move a constant value to a register

          procedure a_load_reg_ref
          ------------------------
          Move a register value to a memory reference

          procedure a_load_ref_reg
          ------------------------
          Move the value at a specified address into a register

          procedure a_load_reg_reg
          ------------------------
          Move from register to register

WE NEED !!!!MOVE WITH SIGN EXTENSION??????????????????????


          {  comparison operations }
????????????? WHAT DOES THE LABELS MEAN????????

          procedure a_cmp_reg_const_label(list : paasmoutput;size : tcgsize;cmp_op : topcmp;a : aword;reg : tregister;
            l : pasmlabel);virtual;
          procedure a_cmp_reg_reg_label(list : paasmoutput;size : tcgsize;cmp_op : topcmp;reg1,reg2 : tregister;l : pasmlabel);
          procedure a_cmp_reg_ref_label(list : paasmoutput;size : tcgsize;cmp_op : topcmp;reg : tregister;l : pasmlabel);
          procedure a_cmp_ref_const_label(list : paasmoutput;size : tcgsize;cmp_op : topcmp;a : aword;reg : tregister;
            l : pasmlabel);

          procedure a_jmp_cond(list : paasmoutput;cond : TOpCmp;l: pasmlabel);

          procedure a_loadaddress_ref_reg(list : paasmoutput;const ref : treference;r : tregister);virtual;


    ??????????????
          { allocates register r by inserting a pai_realloc record }
          procedure a_reg_alloc(list : paasmoutput;r : tregister);
          { deallocates register r by inserting a pa_regdealloc record}
          procedure a_reg_dealloc(list : paasmoutput;r : tregister);


    { returns a register for use as scratch register }
    function get_scratch_reg(list : paasmoutput) : tregister;
    { releases a scratch register }
    procedure free_scratch_reg(list : paasmoutput;r : tregister);

          {************************************************}
          { code generation for subroutine entry/exit code }

          { initilizes data of type t                           }
          { if is_already_ref is true then the routines assumes }
          { that r points to the data to initialize   ????      }
          procedure g_initialize(list : paasmoutput;t : pdef;const ref : treference;is_already_ref : boolean);

          { finalizes data of type t                            }
          { if is_already_ref is true then the routines assumes }
          { that r points to the data to finalizes    ????      }
          procedure g_finalize(list : paasmoutput;t : pdef;const ref : treference;is_already_ref : boolean);

          { helper routines }
          procedure g_initialize_data(list : paasmoutput;p : psym);
          procedure g_incr_data(list : paasmoutput;p : psym);
          procedure g_finalize_data(list : paasmoutput;p : pnamedindexobject);
          procedure g_copyvalueparas(list : paasmoutput;p : pnamedindexobject);
          procedure g_finalizetempansistrings(list : paasmoutput);

          procedure g_entrycode(list : paasmoutput;
            const proc_names : tstringcontainer;make_global : boolean;
            stackframe : longint;var parasize : longint;
            var nostackframe : boolean;inlined : boolean);

          procedure g_exitcode(list : paasmoutput;parasize : longint;
            nostackframe,inlined : boolean);

          { string helper routines }
          procedure g_decrstrref(list : paasmoutput;const ref : treference;t : pdef);

          procedure g_removetemps(list : paasmoutput;p : plinkedlist);

          { passing parameters, per default the parameter is pushed }
          { nr gives the number of the parameter (enumerated from   }
          { left to right), this allows to move the parameter to    }
          { register, if the cpu supports register calling          }
          { conventions                                             }
          procedure a_param_reg(list : paasmoutput;size : tcgsize;r : tregister;nr : longint);virtual;
          procedure a_param_const(list : paasmoutput;size : tcgsize;a : aword;nr : longint);virtual;
          procedure a_param_ref(list : paasmoutput;size : tcgsize;const r : treference;nr : longint);virtual;
          procedure a_paramaddr_ref(list : paasmoutput;const r : treference;nr : longint);virtual;

          {**********************************}
          { these methods must be overriden: }

          { Remarks:
            * If a method specifies a size you have only to take care
              of that number of bits, i.e. load_const_reg with OP_8 must
              only load the lower 8 bit of the specified register
              the rest of the register can be undefined
              if  necessary the compiler will call a method
              to zero or sign extend the register
            * The a_load_XX_XX with OP_64 needn't to be
              implemented for 32 bit
              processors, the code generator takes care of that
            * the addr size is for work with the natural pointer
              size
            * the procedures without fpu/mm are only for integer usage
            * normally the first location is the source and the
              second the destination
          }
Virtual instruction templates:




          procedure g_stackframe_entry(list : paasmoutput;localsize : longint);virtual;
          { restores the frame pointer at procedure exit, for the }
          { i386 it generates a simple leave                      }
          procedure g_restore_frame_pointer(list : paasmoutput);virtual;

          { some processors like the PPC doesn't allow to change the stack in }
          { a procedure, so we need to maintain an extra stack for the        }
          { result values of setjmp in exception code                         }
          { this two procedures are for pushing an exception value,           }
          { they can use the scratch registers                                }
          procedure g_push_exception_value_reg(list : paasmoutput;reg : tregister);virtual;
          procedure g_push_exception_value_const(list : paasmoutput;reg : tregister);virtual;
          { that procedure pops a exception value                             }
          procedure g_pop_exception_value_reg(list : paasmoutput;reg : tregister);virtual;
          procedure g_return_from_proc(list : paasmoutput;parasize : aword);virtual;
          {********************************************************}
          { these methods can be overriden for extra functionality }

          { the following methods do nothing: }
          procedure g_interrupt_stackframe_entry(list : paasmoutput);virtual;
          procedure g_interrupt_stackframe_exit(list : paasmoutput);virtual;

          procedure g_profilecode(list : paasmoutput);virtual;
          procedure g_stackcheck(list : paasmoutput;stackframesize : longint);virtual;

          procedure a_load_const_ref(list : paasmoutput;size : tcgsize;a : aword;const ref : treference);virtual;
          procedure g_maybe_loadself(list : paasmoutput);virtual;
          { copies len bytes from the source to destination, if }
          { loadref is true, it assumes that it first must load }
          { the source address from the memory location where   }
          { source points to                                    }
          procedure g_concatcopy(list : paasmoutput;const source,dest : treference;len : aword;loadref : boolean);virtual;

          { uses the addr of ref as param, was emitpushreferenceaddr }
          procedure a_param_ref_addr(list : paasmoutput;r : treference;nr : longint);virtual;




CVS Log
-------

$Log$
Revision 1.6  2000-03-02 03:22:16  carl
  + More information and suggestions

Revision 1.5  2000/03/01 15:36:12  florian
  * some new stuff for the new cg

Revision 1.4  1999/10/14 14:57:54  florian
  - removed the hcodegen use in the new cg, use cgbase instead