freepascal.compiler/docs/heaptrc.tex

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\chapter{The HEAPTRC unit.}
This chapter describes the HEAPTRC unit for \fpc. It was written by 
Pierre Muller.

\section{Purpose}

The HEAPTRC unit can be used to debug your memory allocation/deallocation.
It keeps track of the calls to getmem/freemem, and, implicitly, of
New/Dispose statements.

When the program exits, or when you request it explicitly.
It displays the total memory used, and then dumps a list of blocks that
were allocated but not freed. It also displays where the memory was
allocated.

If there are any inconsistencies, such as memory blocks being allocated
or freed twice, or a memory block that is released but with wrong size,
this will be displayed also.

The information that is stored/displayed can be customized using
some constants.

\section{Usage}

All that you need to do is to include \file{heaptrc} in the uses clause
of your program. Make sure that it is the first unit in the clause,
otherwise memory allocated in initialization code of units that precede the
heaptrc unit will not be accounted for, causing an incorrect memory usage
report.

The following example shows how to use the heaptrc unit.

\latex{\lstinputlisting{heapex/heapex.pp}}
\html{\input{heapex/heapex.tex}}

This is the memory dump shown when running this program:
\begin{verbatim}
Marked memory at 08052C48 invalid
Wrong size : 128 allocated 64 freed
  0x0804C29C
  0x080509E2
  0x080480A4
  0x00000000
Heap dump by heaptrc unit
13 memory blocks allocated : 1416/1424
6 memory blocks freed     : 708/712
7 unfreed memory blocks : 708
True heap size : 2097152
True free heap : 2096040
Should be : 2096104
Call trace for block 0x08052C48 size 128
  0x080509D6
  0x080480A4
Call trace for block 0x08052B98 size 128
  0x08050992
  0x080480A4
Call trace for block 0x08052AE8 size 128
  0x08050992
  0x080480A4
Call trace for block 0x08052A38 size 128
  0x08050992
  0x080480A4
Call trace for block 0x08052988 size 128
  0x08050992
  0x080480A4
Call trace for block 0x080528D8 size 128
  0x08050992
  0x080480A4
Call trace for block 0x080528A0 size 4
  0x08050961
  0x080480A4
\end{verbatim}

\section{Constants, Types and variables}

The \var{FillExtraInfoType} is a procedural type used in the
\seep{SetExtraInfo} call.

\begin{lstlisting}{}
type
    FillExtraInfoType = procedure(p : pointer);
\end{lstlisting}{}
The following typed constants allow to fine-tune the standard dump of the
memory usage by \seep{DumpHeap}:

\begin{lstlisting}{}
const
  tracesize = 8;
  quicktrace : boolean = true;
  HaltOnError : boolean = true;
  keepreleased : boolean = false;
\end{lstlisting}{}

\var{Tracesize} specifies how many levels of calls are displayed of the 
call stack during the memory dump. If you specify \var{keepreleased:=True}
then half the \var{TraceSize} is reserved for the \var{GetMem} call stack, 
and the other half is reserved for the \var{FreeMem} call stack.
For example, the default value of 8 will cause eight levels of call frames
to be dumped for the getmem call if \var{keepreleased} is \var{False}. If
\var{KeepReleased} is true, then 4 levels of call frames will be dumped for
the \var{GetMem} call and 4 frames wil be dumped for the \var{FreeMem} call.
If you want to change this value, you must recode the \file{heaptrc} unit.

\var{Quicktrace} determines whether the memory manager checks whether a 
block that is about to be released is allocated correctly. This is a rather
time consuming search, and slows program execution significantly, so by
default it is set to \var{False}.

If \var{HaltOnError} is set to \var{True} then an illegal call to 
\var{FreeMem} will cause the memory manager to execute a \var{halt(1)} 
instruction, causing a memory dump. By Default it is set to \var{True}.

If \var{keepreleased} is set to true, then a list of freed memory 
blocks is kept. This is useful if you suspect that the same memory block is
released twice. However, this option is very memory intensive, so use it
sparingly, and only when it's really necessary.

\section{Functions and procedures}

\begin{procedure}{DumpHeap}
\Declaration 
procedure DumpHeap;
\Description
\var{DumpHeap} dumps to standard output a summary of memory usage.
It is called automatically by the heaptrc unit when your program exits
(by instaling an exit procedure), but it can be called at any time
\Errors
None.
\SeeAlso
\seep{MarkHeap}
\end{procedure}

\begin{procedure}{MarkHeap}
\Declaration
procedure MarkHeap;
\Description
\var{MarkHeap} marks all memory blocks with a special signature.
You can use this if you think that you corruped the memory.
\Errors
None.
\SeeAlso
\seep{DumpHeap}
\end{procedure}

\begin{procedure}{SetExtraInfo}
\Declaration
procedure SetExtraInfo( size : longint;func : FillExtraInfoType);
\Description
You can use \var{SetExtraInfo} to store extra info in the blocks that
the heaptrc unit reserves when tracing getmem calls. \var{Size} indicates the
size (in bytes) that the trace mechanism should reserve for your extra
information. For each call to \var{getmem}, \var{func} will be called,
and passed a pointer to the memory reserved. 

When dumping the memory summary, the extra info is shown as Longint values.

\Errors
You can only call \var{SetExtraInfo} if no memroy has been allocated
yet. If memory was already allocated prior to the call to
\var{SetExtraInfo}, then an error will be displayed on standard error
output, and a \seep{DumpHeap} is executed.
\SeeAlso
\seep{DumpHeap}
\end{procedure}

\latex{\lstinputlisting{heapex/setinfo.pp}}
\html{\input{heapex/setinfo.tex}}


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% $Log$
% Revision 1.3  1999-06-25 22:12:16  michael
% + Update to version 0.19 of listings package
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% Revision 1.2  1998/12/15 23:50:52  michael
% * Some updates
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% Revision 1.1  1998/12/14 23:17:02  michael
% + INitial implementation
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