freepascal.compiler/compiler/cpuasm.pas

{
    $Id$
    Copyright (c) 1999 by Florian Klaempfl and Peter Vreman

    Contains the assembler object for the i386

    * This code was inspired by the NASM sources
      The Netwide Assembler is copyright (C) 1996 Simon Tatham and
      Julian Hall. All rights reserved.

    This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
    it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
    the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
    (at your option) any later version.

    This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
    but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
    MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
    GNU General Public License for more details.

    You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
    along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
    Foundation, Inc., 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.

 ****************************************************************************
}
unit cpuasm;
interface

uses
  cobjects,
  aasm,globals,verbose,
  cpubase;

{$ifndef NASMDEBUG}
  {$define OPTEA}
  {$define PASS2FLAG}
{$endif ndef NASMDEBUG}

{$ifndef TP}
  {$define ASMDEBUG}
{$endif}

const
  MaxPrefixes=4;

type
  pairegalloc = ^tairegalloc;
  tairegalloc = object(tai)
     allocation : boolean;
     reg        : tregister;
     constructor alloc(r : tregister);
     constructor dealloc(r : tregister);
  end;


  pai386 = ^tai386;
  tai386 = object(tai)
     is_jmp    : boolean; { is this instruction a jump? (needed for optimizer) }
     opcode    : tasmop;
     opsize    : topsize;
     condition : TAsmCond;
     ops       : longint;
     oper      : array[0..2] of toper;
     constructor op_none(op : tasmop;_size : topsize);

     constructor op_reg(op : tasmop;_size : topsize;_op1 : tregister);
     constructor op_const(op : tasmop;_size : topsize;_op1 : longint);
     constructor op_ref(op : tasmop;_size : topsize;_op1 : preference);

     constructor op_reg_reg(op : tasmop;_size : topsize;_op1,_op2 : tregister);
     constructor op_reg_ref(op : tasmop;_size : topsize;_op1 : tregister;_op2 : preference);
     constructor op_reg_const(op:tasmop; _size: topsize; _op1: tregister; _op2: longint);

     constructor op_const_reg(op : tasmop;_size : topsize;_op1 : longint;_op2 : tregister);
     constructor op_const_const(op : tasmop;_size : topsize;_op1,_op2 : longint);
     constructor op_const_ref(op : tasmop;_size : topsize;_op1 : longint;_op2 : preference);

     constructor op_ref_reg(op : tasmop;_size : topsize;_op1 : preference;_op2 : tregister);
     { this is only allowed if _op1 is an int value (_op1^.isintvalue=true) }
     constructor op_ref_ref(op : tasmop;_size : topsize;_op1,_op2 : preference);

     constructor op_reg_reg_reg(op : tasmop;_size : topsize;_op1,_op2,_op3 : tregister);
     constructor op_const_reg_reg(op : tasmop;_size : topsize;_op1 : longint;_op2 : tregister;_op3 : tregister);
     constructor op_const_ref_reg(op : tasmop;_size : topsize;_op1 : longint;_op2 : preference;_op3 : tregister);
     constructor op_reg_reg_ref(op : tasmop;_size : topsize;_op1,_op2 : tregister; _op3 : preference);
     constructor op_const_reg_ref(op : tasmop;_size : topsize;_op1 : longint;_op2 : tregister;_op3 : preference);

     { this is for Jmp instructions }
     constructor op_cond_sym(op : tasmop;cond:TAsmCond;_size : topsize;_op1 : pasmsymbol);

     constructor op_sym(op : tasmop;_size : topsize;_op1 : pasmsymbol);
     constructor op_sym_ofs(op : tasmop;_size : topsize;_op1 : pasmsymbol;_op1ofs:longint);
     constructor op_sym_ofs_reg(op : tasmop;_size : topsize;_op1 : pasmsymbol;_op1ofs:longint;_op2 : tregister);
     constructor op_sym_ofs_ref(op : tasmop;_size : topsize;_op1 : pasmsymbol;_op1ofs:longint;_op2 : preference);

     procedure loadconst(opidx:longint;l:longint);
     procedure loadsymbol(opidx:longint;s:pasmsymbol;sofs:longint);
     procedure loadref(opidx:longint;p:preference);
     procedure loadreg(opidx:longint;r:tregister);
     procedure loadoper(opidx:longint;o:toper);
     procedure changeopsize(siz:topsize);
     procedure SetCondition(c:TAsmCond);

     destructor done;virtual;
     function  getcopy:plinkedlist_item;virtual;
     function  GetString:string;
     procedure SwapOperands;
  private
     segprefix : tregister;
     procedure init(op : tasmop;_size : topsize); { this need to be called by all constructor }
{$ifndef NOAG386BIN}
  public
     function  Pass1(offset:longint):longint;virtual;
     procedure Pass2;virtual;
  private
     { next fields are filled in pass1, so pass2 is faster }
     insentry  : PInsEntry;
     LastInsOffset,
     insoffset,
     inssize   : longint;
     function  InsEnd:longint;
     procedure create_ot;
     function  Matches(p:PInsEntry):longint;
     function  calcsize(p:PInsEntry):longint;
     procedure gencode;
     function  NeedAddrPrefix(opidx:byte):boolean;
{$endif NOAG386BIN}
  end;


implementation
uses
  og386;

{*****************************************************************************
                                 TaiRegAlloc
*****************************************************************************}

    constructor tairegalloc.alloc(r : tregister);
      begin
        inherited init;
        typ:=ait_regalloc;
        allocation:=true;
        reg:=r;
      end;


    constructor tairegalloc.dealloc(r : tregister);
      begin
        inherited init;
        typ:=ait_regalloc;
        allocation:=false;
        reg:=r;
      end;


{*****************************************************************************
                                 Tai386 Constructors
*****************************************************************************}

    procedure tai386.loadconst(opidx:longint;l:longint);
      begin
        if opidx>=ops then
         ops:=opidx+1;
        with oper[opidx] do
         begin
           if typ=top_ref then
            disposereference(ref);
           val:=l;
           typ:=top_const;
         end;
      end;

    procedure tai386.loadsymbol(opidx:longint;s:pasmsymbol;sofs:longint);
      begin
        if opidx>=ops then
         ops:=opidx+1;
        with oper[opidx] do
         begin
           if typ=top_ref then
            disposereference(ref);
           sym:=s;
           symofs:=sofs;
           typ:=top_symbol;
         end;
        { Mark the symbol as used }
        if assigned(s) then
         inc(s^.refs);
      end;

    procedure tai386.loadref(opidx:longint;p:preference);
      begin
        if opidx>=ops then
         ops:=opidx+1;
        with oper[opidx] do
         begin
           if typ=top_ref then
            disposereference(ref);
           if p^.is_immediate then
             begin
{$ifdef ASMDEBUG1}
               Comment(V_Warning,'Reference immediate');
{$endif}
               val:=p^.offset;
               disposereference(p);
               typ:=top_const;
             end
           else
             begin
               ref:=p;
               if not(ref^.segment in [R_DS,R_NO]) then
                 segprefix:=ref^.segment;
               typ:=top_ref;
               { mark symbol as used }
               if assigned(ref^.symbol) then
                 inc(ref^.symbol^.refs);
             end;
         end;
      end;

    procedure tai386.loadreg(opidx:longint;r:tregister);
      begin
        if opidx>=ops then
         ops:=opidx+1;
        with oper[opidx] do
         begin
           if typ=top_ref then
            disposereference(ref);
           reg:=r;
           typ:=top_reg;
         end;
      end;

    procedure tai386.loadoper(opidx:longint;o:toper);
      begin
        if opidx>=ops then
         ops:=opidx+1;
        if oper[opidx].typ=top_ref then
          disposereference(oper[opidx].ref);
        oper[opidx]:=o;
        { copy also the reference }
        if oper[opidx].typ=top_ref then
         oper[opidx].ref:=newreference(o.ref^);
      end;


    procedure tai386.changeopsize(siz:topsize);
      begin
        opsize:=siz;
      end;


    procedure tai386.init(op : tasmop;_size : topsize);
      begin
         typ:=ait_instruction;
         is_jmp:=false;
         segprefix:=R_NO;
         opcode:=op;
         opsize:=_size;
         ops:=0;
         condition:=c_none;
         fillchar(oper,sizeof(oper),0);
{$ifndef NOAG386BIN}
         insentry:=nil;
         LastInsOffset:=-1;
         InsOffset:=0;
{$endif}
      end;

    constructor tai386.op_none(op : tasmop;_size : topsize);
      begin
         inherited init;
         init(op,_size);
      end;


    constructor tai386.op_reg(op : tasmop;_size : topsize;_op1 : tregister);
      begin
         inherited init;
         init(op,_size);
         ops:=1;
         loadreg(0,_op1);
      end;


    constructor tai386.op_const(op : tasmop;_size : topsize;_op1 : longint);
      begin
         inherited init;
         init(op,_size);
         ops:=1;
         loadconst(0,_op1);
      end;


    constructor tai386.op_ref(op : tasmop;_size : topsize;_op1 : preference);
      begin
         inherited init;
         init(op,_size);
         ops:=1;
         loadref(0,_op1);
      end;


    constructor tai386.op_reg_reg(op : tasmop;_size : topsize;_op1,_op2 : tregister);
      begin
         inherited init;
         init(op,_size);
         ops:=2;
         loadreg(0,_op1);
         loadreg(1,_op2);
      end;


    constructor tai386.op_reg_const(op:tasmop; _size: topsize; _op1: tregister; _op2: longint);
      begin
         inherited init;
         init(op,_size);
         ops:=2;
         loadreg(0,_op1);
         loadconst(1,_op2);
      end;


    constructor tai386.op_reg_ref(op : tasmop;_size : topsize;_op1 : tregister;_op2 : preference);
      begin
         inherited init;
         init(op,_size);
         ops:=2;
         loadreg(0,_op1);
         loadref(1,_op2);
      end;


    constructor tai386.op_const_reg(op : tasmop;_size : topsize;_op1 : longint;_op2 : tregister);
      begin
         inherited init;
         init(op,_size);
         ops:=2;
         loadconst(0,_op1);
         loadreg(1,_op2);
      end;


    constructor tai386.op_const_const(op : tasmop;_size : topsize;_op1,_op2 : longint);
      begin
         inherited init;
         init(op,_size);
         ops:=2;
         loadconst(0,_op1);
         loadconst(1,_op2);
      end;


    constructor tai386.op_const_ref(op : tasmop;_size : topsize;_op1 : longint;_op2 : preference);
      begin
         inherited init;
         init(op,_size);
         ops:=2;
         loadconst(0,_op1);
         loadref(1,_op2);
      end;

    constructor tai386.op_ref_reg(op : tasmop;_size : topsize;_op1 : preference;_op2 : tregister);
      begin
         inherited init;
         init(op,_size);
         ops:=2;
         loadref(0,_op1);
         loadreg(1,_op2);
      end;


    constructor tai386.op_ref_ref(op : tasmop;_size : topsize;_op1,_op2 : preference);
      begin
         inherited init;
         init(op,_size);
         ops:=2;
         loadref(0,_op1);
         loadref(1,_op2);
      end;


    constructor tai386.op_reg_reg_reg(op : tasmop;_size : topsize;_op1,_op2,_op3 : tregister);
      begin
         inherited init;
         init(op,_size);
         ops:=3;
         loadreg(0,_op1);
         loadreg(1,_op2);
         loadreg(2,_op3);
      end;

    constructor tai386.op_const_reg_reg(op : tasmop;_size : topsize;_op1 : longint;_op2 : tregister;_op3 : tregister);
      begin
         inherited init;
         init(op,_size);
         ops:=3;
         loadconst(0,_op1);
         loadreg(1,_op2);
         loadreg(2,_op3);
      end;

     constructor tai386.op_reg_reg_ref(op : tasmop;_size : topsize;_op1,_op2 : tregister;_op3 : preference);
      begin
         inherited init;
         init(op,_size);
         ops:=3;
         loadreg(0,_op1);
         loadreg(1,_op2);
         loadref(2,_op3);
      end;

     constructor tai386.op_const_ref_reg(op : tasmop;_size : topsize;_op1 : longint;_op2 : preference;_op3 : tregister);
      begin
         inherited init;
         init(op,_size);
         ops:=3;
         loadconst(0,_op1);
         loadref(1,_op2);
         loadreg(2,_op3);
      end;

     constructor tai386.op_const_reg_ref(op : tasmop;_size : topsize;_op1 : longint;_op2 : tregister;_op3 : preference);
      begin
         inherited init;
         init(op,_size);
         ops:=3;
         loadconst(0,_op1);
         loadreg(1,_op2);
         loadref(2,_op3);
      end;


    constructor tai386.op_cond_sym(op : tasmop;cond:TAsmCond;_size : topsize;_op1 : pasmsymbol);
      begin
         inherited init;
         init(op,_size);
         condition:=cond;
         ops:=1;
         loadsymbol(0,_op1,0);
      end;


    constructor tai386.op_sym(op : tasmop;_size : topsize;_op1 : pasmsymbol);
      begin
         inherited init;
         init(op,_size);
         ops:=1;
         loadsymbol(0,_op1,0);
      end;


    constructor tai386.op_sym_ofs(op : tasmop;_size : topsize;_op1 : pasmsymbol;_op1ofs:longint);
      begin
         inherited init;
         init(op,_size);
         ops:=1;
         loadsymbol(0,_op1,_op1ofs);
      end;


    constructor tai386.op_sym_ofs_reg(op : tasmop;_size : topsize;_op1 : pasmsymbol;_op1ofs:longint;_op2 : tregister);
      begin
         inherited init;
         init(op,_size);
         ops:=2;
         loadsymbol(0,_op1,_op1ofs);
         loadreg(1,_op2);
      end;


    constructor tai386.op_sym_ofs_ref(op : tasmop;_size : topsize;_op1 : pasmsymbol;_op1ofs:longint;_op2 : preference);
      begin
         inherited init;
         init(op,_size);
         ops:=2;
         loadsymbol(0,_op1,_op1ofs);
         loadref(1,_op2);
      end;

    destructor tai386.done;
      var
        i : longint;
      begin
{$ifndef nojmpfix}
        if is_jmp then
          dec(PasmLabel(oper[0].sym)^.refs)
        else
{$endif nojmpfix}
          for i:=1 to ops do
            if (oper[i-1].typ=top_ref) then
              dispose(oper[i-1].ref);
        inherited done;
      end;

    function tai386.getcopy:plinkedlist_item;
      var
        i : longint;
        p : plinkedlist_item;
      begin
        p:=inherited getcopy;
        { make a copy of the references }
        for i:=1 to ops do
         if (pai386(p)^.oper[i-1].typ=top_ref) then
          begin
            new(pai386(p)^.oper[i-1].ref);
            pai386(p)^.oper[i-1].ref^:=oper[i-1].ref^;
          end;
        getcopy:=p;
      end;


    procedure tai386.SetCondition(c:TAsmCond);
      begin
         condition:=c;
      end;


    function tai386.GetString:string;
{$ifdef ASMDEBUG}
      var
        i : longint;
        s : string;
{$endif}
      begin
{$ifdef ASMDEBUG}
        s:='['+int_op2str[opcode];
        for i:=1to ops do
         begin
           if i=1 then
            s:=s+' '
           else
            s:=s+',';
           { type }
           if (oper[i-1].ot and OT_REGISTER)<>0 then
             s:=s+'reg'
           else
            if (oper[i-1].ot and OT_IMMEDIATE)<>0 then
             s:=s+'imm'
           else
            if (oper[i-1].ot and OT_MEMORY)<>0 then
             s:=s+'mem'
           else
             s:=s+'???';
           { size }
           if (oper[i-1].ot and OT_BITS8)<>0 then
             s:=s+'8'
           else
            if (oper[i-1].ot and OT_BITS16)<>0 then
             s:=s+'16'
           else
            if (oper[i-1].ot and OT_BITS32)<>0 then
             s:=s+'32'
           else
             s:=s+'??';
           { signed }
           if (oper[i-1].ot and OT_SIGNED)<>0 then
             s:=s+'s';
         end;
        GetString:=s+']';
{$else}
        GetString:='';
{$endif ASMDEBUG}
      end;


procedure tai386.SwapOperands;
var
  p : TOper;
begin
  { Fix the operands which are in AT&T style and we need them in Intel style }
  case ops of
    2 : begin
          { 0,1 -> 1,0 }
          p:=oper[0];
          oper[0]:=oper[1];
          oper[1]:=p;
        end;
    3 : begin
          { 0,1,2 -> 2,1,0 }
          p:=oper[0];
          oper[0]:=oper[2];
          oper[2]:=p;
        end;
  end;
end;


{*****************************************************************************
                                Assembler
*****************************************************************************}

{$ifndef NOAG386BIN}

type
  ea=packed record
    sib_present : boolean;
    bytes : byte;
    size  : byte;
    modrm : byte;
    sib   : byte;
  end;

procedure tai386.create_ot;
{
  this function will also fix some other fields which only needs to be once
}
var
  i,l,relsize : longint;
begin
  if ops=0 then
   exit;
  { update oper[].ot field }
  for i:=0 to ops-1 do
   with oper[i] do
    begin
      case typ of
        top_reg :
          ot:=reg_2_type[reg];
        top_ref :
          begin
          { create ot field }
            ot:=OT_MEMORY or opsize_2_type[i,opsize];
            if (ref^.base=R_NO) and (ref^.index=R_NO) then
              ot:=ot or OT_MEM_OFFS;
          { handle also the offsetfixup }
            inc(ref^.offset,ref^.offsetfixup);
            ref^.offsetfixup:=0;
          { fix scalefactor }
            if (ref^.index=R_NO) then
             ref^.scalefactor:=0
            else
             if (ref^.scalefactor=0) then
              ref^.scalefactor:=1;
          end;
        top_const :
          begin
            if (opsize<>S_W) and (val>=-128) and (val<=127) then
              ot:=OT_IMM8 or OT_SIGNED
            else
              ot:=OT_IMMEDIATE or opsize_2_type[i,opsize];
          end;
        top_symbol :
          begin
            if LastInsOffset=-1 then
             l:=0
            else
             l:=InsOffset-LastInsOffset;
            inc(l,symofs);
            if assigned(sym) then
             inc(l,sym^.address);
            { instruction size will then always become 2 (PFV) }
            relsize:=InsOffset+2-l;
            if (not assigned(sym) or
                ((sym^.typ<>AS_EXTERNAL) and (sym^.address<>0))) and
               (relsize>=-128) and (relsize<=127) then
             ot:=OT_IMM32 or OT_SHORT
            else
             ot:=OT_IMM32 or OT_NEAR;
          end;
      end;
    end;
end;


function tai386.InsEnd:longint;
begin
  InsEnd:=InsOffset+InsSize;
end;


function tai386.Matches(p:PInsEntry):longint;
{ * IF_SM stands for Size Match: any operand whose size is not
 * explicitly specified by the template is `really' intended to be
 * the same size as the first size-specified operand.
 * Non-specification is tolerated in the input instruction, but
 * _wrong_ specification is not.
 *
 * IF_SM2 invokes Size Match on only the first _two_ operands, for
 * three-operand instructions such as SHLD: it implies that the
 * first two operands must match in size, but that the third is
 * required to be _unspecified_.
 *
 * IF_SB invokes Size Byte: operands with unspecified size in the
 * template are really bytes, and so no non-byte specification in
 * the input instruction will be tolerated. IF_SW similarly invokes
 * Size Word, and IF_SD invokes Size Doubleword.
 *
 * (The default state if neither IF_SM nor IF_SM2 is specified is
 * that any operand with unspecified size in the template is
 * required to have unspecified size in the instruction too...)
}
var
  i,siz,oprs : longint;
begin
  Matches:=100;

  { Check the opcode and operands }
  if (p^.opcode<>opcode) or (p^.ops<>ops) then
   begin
     Matches:=0;
     exit;
   end;

  { Check that no spurious colons or TOs are present }
  for i:=0 to p^.ops-1 do
   if (oper[i].ot and (not p^.optypes[i]) and (OT_COLON or OT_TO))<>0 then
    begin
      Matches:=0;
      exit;
    end;

  { Check that the operand flags all match up }
  for i:=0 to p^.ops-1 do
   begin
     if (p^.optypes[i] and (not oper[i].ot) or
         ((p^.optypes[i] and OT_SIZE_MASK) and
          ((p^.optypes[i] xor oper[i].ot) and OT_SIZE_MASK)))<>0 then
      begin
        if ((p^.optypes[i] and (not oper[i].ot) and OT_NON_SIZE) or
            (oper[i].ot and OT_SIZE_MASK))<>0 then
         begin
           Matches:=0;
           exit;
         end
        else
         Matches:=1;
      end;
   end;

{ Check operand sizes }
  { as default an untyped size can get all the sizes, this is different
    from nasm, but else we need to do a lot checking which opcodes want
    size or not with the automatic size generation }
  siz:=$ffffffff;
  if (p^.flags and IF_SB)<>0 then
    siz:=OT_BITS8
  else if (p^.flags and IF_SW)<>0 then
    siz:=OT_BITS16
  else if (p^.flags and IF_SD)<>0 then
    siz:=OT_BITS32
  else if (p^.flags and (IF_SM or IF_SM2))<>0 then
   begin
     if (p^.flags and IF_SM2)<>0 then
      oprs:=2
     else
      oprs:=p^.ops;
     for i:=0 to oprs-1 do
      if ((p^.optypes[i] and OT_SIZE_MASK) <> 0) then
       begin
         siz:=p^.optypes[i] and OT_SIZE_MASK;
         break;
       end;
    end;

  { Check operand sizes }
  for i:=0to p^.ops-1 do
   begin
     if ((p^.optypes[i] and OT_SIZE_MASK)=0) and
        ((oper[i].ot and OT_SIZE_MASK and (not siz))<>0) and
        { Immediates can always include smaller size }
        ((oper[i].ot and OT_IMMEDIATE)=0) and
         (((p^.optypes[i] and OT_SIZE_MASK) or siz)<(oper[i].ot and OT_SIZE_MASK)) then
      Matches:=2;
   end;
end;


function tai386.Pass1(offset:longint):longint;
var
  m,i,size_prob : longint;
begin
  Pass1:=0;
{ Save the old offset and set the new offset }
  InsOffset:=Offset;
{ Things which may only be done once, not when a second pass is done to
  optimize }
  if Insentry=nil then
   begin
     { Check if error last time then InsSize=-1 }
     if InsSize=-1 then
      exit;
     { We need intel style operands }
     SwapOperands;
     { create the .ot fields }
     create_ot;
     { set the file postion }
     aktfilepos:=fileinfo;
   end
  else
   begin
{$ifdef PASS2FLAG}
     { we are here in a second pass, check if the instruction can be optimized }
     if (InsEntry^.flags and IF_PASS2)=0 then
      begin
        Pass1:=InsSize;
        exit;
      end;
     { update the .ot fields, some top_const can be updated }
     create_ot;
{$endif}
   end;
{ Lookup opcode in the table }
  InsSize:=-1;
  size_prob:=0;
  i:=instabcache^[opcode];
  if i=-1 then
   begin
{$ifdef TP}
     Message1(asmw_e_opcode_not_in_table,'');
{$else}
     Message1(asmw_e_opcode_not_in_table,att_op2str[opcode]);
{$endif}
     exit;
   end;
  insentry:=@instab[i];
  while (insentry^.opcode=opcode) do
   begin
     m:=matches(insentry);
     if m=100 then
      begin
        InsSize:=calcsize(insentry);
        if (segprefix<>R_NO) then
         inc(InsSize);
        Pass1:=InsSize;
        LastInsOffset:=InsOffset;
        exit;
      end;
     inc(i);
     insentry:=@instab[i];
   end;
  if insentry^.opcode<>opcode then
   Message1(asmw_e_invalid_opcode_and_operands,GetString);
{ No instruction found, set insentry to nil and inssize to -1 }
  insentry:=nil;
  inssize:=-1;
  LastInsOffset:=-1;
end;


procedure tai386.Pass2;
var
  c : longint;
begin
  { error in pass1 ? }
  if insentry=nil then
   exit;
  aktfilepos:=fileinfo;
  { Segment override }
  if (segprefix<>R_NO) then
   begin
     case segprefix of
       R_CS : c:=$2e;
       R_DS : c:=$3e;
       R_ES : c:=$26;
       R_FS : c:=$64;
       R_GS : c:=$65;
       R_SS : c:=$36;
     end;
     objectoutput^.writebytes(c,1);
     { fix the offset for GenNode }
     inc(InsOffset);
   end;
  { Generate the instruction }
  GenCode;
end;


function tai386.NeedAddrPrefix(opidx:byte):boolean;
var
  i,b : tregister;
begin
  if (OT_MEMORY and (not oper[opidx].ot))=0 then
   begin
     i:=oper[opidx].ref^.index;
     b:=oper[opidx].ref^.base;
     if not(i in [R_NO,R_EAX,R_EBX,R_ECX,R_EDX,R_EBP,R_ESP,R_ESI,R_EDI]) or
        not(b in [R_NO,R_EAX,R_EBX,R_ECX,R_EDX,R_EBP,R_ESP,R_ESI,R_EDI]) then
      begin
        NeedAddrPrefix:=true;
        exit;
      end;
   end;
  NeedAddrPrefix:=false;
end;


function regval(r:tregister):byte;
begin
  case r of
    R_EAX,R_AX,R_AL,R_ES,R_CR0,R_DR0,R_ST,R_ST0,R_MM0 :
      regval:=0;
    R_ECX,R_CX,R_CL,R_CS,R_DR1,R_ST1,R_MM1 :
      regval:=1;
    R_EDX,R_DX,R_DL,R_SS,R_CR2,R_DR2,R_ST2,R_MM2 :
      regval:=2;
    R_EBX,R_BX,R_BL,R_DS,R_CR3,R_DR3,R_TR3,R_ST3,R_MM3 :
      regval:=3;
    R_ESP,R_SP,R_AH,R_FS,R_CR4,R_TR4,R_ST4,R_MM4 :
      regval:=4;
    R_EBP,R_BP,R_CH,R_GS,R_TR5,R_ST5,R_MM5 :
      regval:=5;
    R_ESI,R_SI,R_DH,R_DR6,R_TR6,R_ST6,R_MM6 :
      regval:=6;
    R_EDI,R_DI,R_BH,R_DR7,R_TR7,R_ST7,R_MM7 :
      regval:=7;
    else
      begin
        internalerror(777001);
        regval:=0;
      end;
  end;
end;


function process_ea(const input:toper;var output:ea;rfield:longint):boolean;
const
  regs : array[0..31] of tregister=(
    R_MM0, R_EAX, R_AX, R_AL, R_MM1, R_ECX, R_CX, R_CL,
    R_MM2, R_EDX, R_DX, R_DL, R_MM3, R_EBX, R_BX, R_BL,
    R_MM4, R_ESP, R_SP, R_AH, R_MM5, R_EBP, R_BP, R_CH,
    R_MM6, R_ESI, R_SI, R_DH, R_MM7, R_EDI, R_DI, R_BH
  );
var
  j     : longint;
  i,b   : tregister;
  sym   : pasmsymbol;
  md,s  : byte;
  base,index,scalefactor,
  o     : longint;
begin
  process_ea:=false;
{ register ? }
  if (input.typ=top_reg) then
   begin
     j:=0;
     while (j<=high(regs)) do
      begin
        if input.reg=regs[j] then
         break;
        inc(j);
      end;
     if j<=high(regs) then
      begin
        output.sib_present:=false;
        output.bytes:=0;
        output.modrm:=$c0 or (rfield shl 3) or (j shr 2);
        output.size:=1;
        process_ea:=true;
      end;
     exit;
   end;
{ memory reference }
  i:=input.ref^.index;
  b:=input.ref^.base;
  s:=input.ref^.scalefactor;
  o:=input.ref^.offset;
  sym:=input.ref^.symbol;
{ it's direct address }
  if (b=R_NO) and (i=R_NO) then
   begin
     { it's a pure offset }
     output.sib_present:=false;
     output.bytes:=4;
     output.modrm:=5 or (rfield shl 3);
   end
  else
  { it's an indirection }
   begin
     { 16 bit address? }
     if not((i in [R_NO,R_EAX,R_EBX,R_ECX,R_EDX,R_EBP,R_ESP,R_ESI,R_EDI]) and
            (b in [R_NO,R_EAX,R_EBX,R_ECX,R_EDX,R_EBP,R_ESP,R_ESI,R_EDI])) then
      Message(asmw_e_16bit_not_supported);
{$ifdef OPTEA}
     { make single reg base }
     if (b=R_NO) and (s=1) then
      begin
        b:=i;
        i:=R_NO;
      end;
     { convert [3,5,9]*EAX to EAX+[2,4,8]*EAX }
     if (b=R_NO) and
        (((s=2) and (i<>R_ESP)) or
          (s=3) or (s=5) or (s=9)) then
      begin
        b:=i;
        dec(s);
      end;
     { swap ESP into base if scalefactor is 1 }
     if (s=1) and (i=R_ESP) then
      begin
        i:=b;
        b:=R_ESP;
      end;
{$endif}
     { wrong, for various reasons }
     if (i=R_ESP) or ((s<>1) and (s<>2) and (s<>4) and (s<>8) and (i<>R_NO)) then
      exit;
     { base }
     case b of
       R_EAX : base:=0;
       R_ECX : base:=1;
       R_EDX : base:=2;
       R_EBX : base:=3;
       R_ESP : base:=4;
       R_NO,
       R_EBP : base:=5;
       R_ESI : base:=6;
       R_EDI : base:=7;
     else
       exit;
     end;
     { index }
     case i of
       R_EAX : index:=0;
       R_ECX : index:=1;
       R_EDX : index:=2;
       R_EBX : index:=3;
       R_NO  : index:=4;
       R_EBP : index:=5;
       R_ESI : index:=6;
       R_EDI : index:=7;
     else
       exit;
     end;
     case s of
      0,
      1 : scalefactor:=0;
      2 : scalefactor:=1;
      4 : scalefactor:=2;
      8 : scalefactor:=3;
     else
      exit;
     end;
     if (b=R_NO) or
        ((b<>R_EBP) and (o=0) and (sym=nil)) then
      md:=0
     else
      if ((o>=-128) and (o<=127) and (sym=nil)) then
       md:=1
      else
       md:=2;
     if (b=R_NO) or (md=2) then
      output.bytes:=4
     else
      output.bytes:=md;
     { SIB needed ? }
     if (i=R_NO) and (b<>R_ESP) then
      begin
        output.sib_present:=false;
        output.modrm:=(md shl 6) or (rfield shl 3) or base;
      end
     else
      begin
        output.sib_present:=true;
        output.modrm:=(md shl 6) or (rfield shl 3) or 4;
        output.sib:=(scalefactor shl 6) or (index shl 3) or base;
      end;
   end;
  if output.sib_present then
   output.size:=2+output.bytes
  else
   output.size:=1+output.bytes;
  process_ea:=true;
end;


function tai386.calcsize(p:PInsEntry):longint;
var
  codes : pchar;
  c     : byte;
  len     : longint;
  ea_data : ea;
begin
  len:=0;
  codes:=@p^.code;
  repeat
    c:=ord(codes^);
    inc(codes);
    case c of
      0 :
        break;
      1,2,3 :
        begin
          inc(codes,c);
          inc(len,c);
        end;
      8,9,10 :
        begin
          inc(codes);
          inc(len);
        end;
      4,5,6,7,
      15,
      12,13,14,
      16,17,18,
      20,21,22,
      40,41,42 :
        inc(len);
      24,25,26,
      31,
      48,49,50 :
        inc(len,2);
      28,29,30, { we don't have 16 bit immediates code }
      32,33,34,
      52,53,54,
      56,57,58 :
        inc(len,4);
      192,193,194 :
        if NeedAddrPrefix(c-192) then
         inc(len);
      208 :
        inc(len);
      200,
      201,
      202,
      209,
      210,
      217,218,219 : ;
      216 :
        begin
          inc(codes);
          inc(len);
        end;
      224,225,226 :
        begin
          InternalError(777002);
        end;
      else
        begin
          if (c>=64) and (c<=191) then
           begin
             if not process_ea(oper[(c shr 3) and 7], ea_data, 0) then
              Message(asmw_e_invalid_effective_address)
             else
              inc(len,ea_data.size);
           end
          else
           InternalError(777003);
        end;
    end;
  until false;
  calcsize:=len;
end;


procedure tai386.GenCode;
{
 * the actual codes (C syntax, i.e. octal):
 * \0            - terminates the code. (Unless it's a literal of course.)
 * \1, \2, \3    - that many literal bytes follow in the code stream
 * \4, \6        - the POP/PUSH (respectively) codes for CS, DS, ES, SS
 *                 (POP is never used for CS) depending on operand 0
 * \5, \7        - the second byte of POP/PUSH codes for FS, GS, depending
 *                 on operand 0
 * \10, \11, \12 - a literal byte follows in the code stream, to be added
 *                 to the register value of operand 0, 1 or 2
 * \17           - encodes the literal byte 0. (Some compilers don't take
 *                 kindly to a zero byte in the _middle_ of a compile time
 *                 string constant, so I had to put this hack in.)
 * \14, \15, \16 - a signed byte immediate operand, from operand 0, 1 or 2
 * \20, \21, \22 - a byte immediate operand, from operand 0, 1 or 2
 * \24, \25, \26 - an unsigned byte immediate operand, from operand 0, 1 or 2
 * \30, \31, \32 - a word immediate operand, from operand 0, 1 or 2
 * \34, \35, \36 - select between \3[012] and \4[012] depending on 16/32 bit
 *                 assembly mode or the address-size override on the operand
 * \37           - a word constant, from the _segment_ part of operand 0
 * \40, \41, \42 - a long immediate operand, from operand 0, 1 or 2
 * \50, \51, \52 - a byte relative operand, from operand 0, 1 or 2
 * \60, \61, \62 - a word relative operand, from operand 0, 1 or 2
 * \64, \65, \66 - select between \6[012] and \7[012] depending on 16/32 bit
 *                 assembly mode or the address-size override on the operand
 * \70, \71, \72 - a long relative operand, from operand 0, 1 or 2
 * \1ab          - a ModRM, calculated on EA in operand a, with the spare
 *                 field the register value of operand b.
 * \2ab          - a ModRM, calculated on EA in operand a, with the spare
 *                 field equal to digit b.
 * \30x          - might be an 0x67 byte, depending on the address size of
 *                 the memory reference in operand x.
 * \310          - indicates fixed 16-bit address size, i.e. optional 0x67.
 * \311          - indicates fixed 32-bit address size, i.e. optional 0x67.
 * \320          - indicates fixed 16-bit operand size, i.e. optional 0x66.
 * \321          - indicates fixed 32-bit operand size, i.e. optional 0x66.
 * \322          - indicates that this instruction is only valid when the
 *                 operand size is the default (instruction to disassembler,
 *                 generates no code in the assembler)
 * \330          - a literal byte follows in the code stream, to be added
 *                 to the condition code value of the instruction.
 * \340          - reserve <operand 0> bytes of uninitialised storage.
 *                 Operand 0 had better be a segmentless constant.
}

var
  currval : longint;
  currsym : pasmsymbol;

  procedure getvalsym(opidx:longint);
  begin
    case oper[opidx].typ of
      top_ref :
        begin
          currval:=oper[opidx].ref^.offset;
          currsym:=oper[opidx].ref^.symbol;
        end;
      top_const :
        begin
          currval:=oper[opidx].val;
          currsym:=nil;
        end;
      top_symbol :
        begin
          currval:=oper[opidx].symofs;
          currsym:=oper[opidx].sym;
        end;
      else
        Message(asmw_e_immediate_or_reference_expected);
    end;
  end;

const
  CondVal:array[TAsmCond] of byte=($0,
   $7, $3, $2, $6, $2, $4, $F, $D, $C, $E, $6, $2,
   $3, $7, $3, $5, $E, $C, $D, $F, $1, $B, $9, $5,
   $0, $A, $A, $B, $8, $4);
var
  c : byte;
  pb,
  codes : pchar;
  bytes : array[0..3] of byte;
  rfield,
  data,s,opidx : longint;
  ea_data : ea;
begin
  codes:=insentry^.code;
  repeat
    c:=ord(codes^);
    inc(codes);
    case c of
      0 :
        break;
      1,2,3 :
        begin
          objectoutput^.writebytes(codes^,c);
          inc(codes,c);
        end;
      4,6 :
        begin
          case oper[0].reg of
            R_CS :
              begin
                if c=4 then
                 bytes[0]:=$f
                else
                 bytes[0]:=$e;
              end;
            R_NO,
            R_DS :
              begin
                if c=4 then
                 bytes[0]:=$1f
                else
                 bytes[0]:=$1e;
              end;
            R_ES :
              begin
                if c=4 then
                 bytes[0]:=$7
                else
                 bytes[0]:=$6;
              end;
            R_SS :
              begin
                if c=4 then
                 bytes[0]:=$17
                else
                 bytes[0]:=$16;
              end;
            else
              InternalError(777004);
          end;
          objectoutput^.writebytes(bytes,1);
        end;
      5,7 :
        begin
          case oper[0].reg of
            R_FS :
              begin
                if c=5 then
                 bytes[0]:=$a1
                else
                 bytes[0]:=$a0;
              end;
            R_GS :
              begin
                if c=5 then
                 bytes[0]:=$a9
                else
                 bytes[0]:=$a8;
              end;
            else
              InternalError(777005);
          end;
          objectoutput^.writebytes(bytes,1);
        end;
      8,9,10 :
        begin
          bytes[0]:=ord(codes^)+regval(oper[c-8].reg);
          inc(codes);
          objectoutput^.writebytes(bytes,1);
        end;
      15 :
        begin
          bytes[0]:=0;
          objectoutput^.writebytes(bytes,1);
        end;
      12,13,14 :
        begin
          getvalsym(c-12);
          if (currval<-128) or (currval>127) then
           Message2(asmw_e_value_exceeds_bounds,'signed byte',tostr(currval));
          if assigned(currsym) then
            objectoutput^.writereloc(currval,1,currsym,relative_false)
          else
            objectoutput^.writebytes(currval,1);
        end;
      16,17,18 :
        begin
          getvalsym(c-16);
          if (currval<-256) or (currval>255) then
           Message2(asmw_e_value_exceeds_bounds,'byte',tostr(currval));
          if assigned(currsym) then
           objectoutput^.writereloc(currval,1,currsym,relative_false)
          else
           objectoutput^.writebytes(currval,1);
        end;
      20,21,22 :
        begin
          getvalsym(c-20);
          if (currval<0) or (currval>255) then
           Message2(asmw_e_value_exceeds_bounds,'unsigned byte',tostr(currval));
          if assigned(currsym) then
           objectoutput^.writereloc(currval,1,currsym,relative_false)
          else
           objectoutput^.writebytes(currval,1);
        end;
      24,25,26 :
        begin
          getvalsym(c-24);
          if (currval<-65536) or (currval>65535) then
           Message2(asmw_e_value_exceeds_bounds,'word',tostr(currval));
          if assigned(currsym) then
           objectoutput^.writereloc(currval,2,currsym,relative_false)
          else
           objectoutput^.writebytes(currval,2);
        end;
      28,29,30 :
        begin
          getvalsym(c-28);
          if assigned(currsym) then
           objectoutput^.writereloc(currval,4,currsym,relative_false)
          else
           objectoutput^.writebytes(currval,4);
        end;
      32,33,34 :
        begin
          getvalsym(c-32);
          if assigned(currsym) then
           objectoutput^.writereloc(currval,4,currsym,relative_false)
          else
           objectoutput^.writebytes(currval,4);
        end;
      40,41,42 :
        begin
          getvalsym(c-40);
          data:=currval-insend;
          if assigned(currsym) then
           inc(data,currsym^.address);
          if (data>127) or (data<-128) then
           Message1(asmw_e_short_jmp_out_of_range,tostr(data));
          objectoutput^.writebytes(data,1);
        end;
      52,53,54 :
        begin
          getvalsym(c-52);
          if assigned(currsym) then
           objectoutput^.writereloc(currval,4,currsym,relative_true)
          else
           objectoutput^.writereloc(currval-insend,4,nil,relative_false)
        end;
      56,57,58 :
        begin
          getvalsym(c-56);
          if assigned(currsym) then
           objectoutput^.writereloc(currval,4,currsym,relative_true)
          else
           objectoutput^.writereloc(currval-insend,4,nil,relative_false)
        end;
      192,193,194 :
        begin
          if NeedAddrPrefix(c-192) then
           begin
             bytes[0]:=$67;
             objectoutput^.writebytes(bytes,1);
           end;
        end;
      200 :
        begin
          bytes[0]:=$67;
          objectoutput^.writebytes(bytes,1);
        end;
      208 :
        begin
          bytes[0]:=$66;
          objectoutput^.writebytes(bytes,1);
        end;
      216 :
        begin
          bytes[0]:=ord(codes^)+condval[condition];
          inc(codes);
          objectoutput^.writebytes(bytes,1);
        end;
      201,
      202,
      209,
      210,
      217,218,219 :
        begin
          { these are dissambler hints or 32 bit prefixes which
            are not needed }
        end;
      31,
      48,49,50,
      224,225,226 :
        begin
          InternalError(777006);
        end
      else
        begin
          if (c>=64) and (c<=191) then
           begin
             if (c<127) then
              begin
                if (oper[c and 7].typ=top_reg) then
                  rfield:=regval(oper[c and 7].reg)
                else
                  rfield:=regval(oper[c and 7].ref^.base);
              end
             else
              rfield:=c and 7;
             opidx:=(c shr 3) and 7;
             if not process_ea(oper[opidx], ea_data, rfield) then
              Message(asmw_e_invalid_effective_address);

             pb:=@bytes;
             pb^:=chr(ea_data.modrm);
             inc(pb);
             if ea_data.sib_present then
              begin
                pb^:=chr(ea_data.sib);
                inc(pb);
              end;

             s:=pb-pchar(@bytes);
             objectoutput^.writebytes(bytes,s);

             case ea_data.bytes of
               0 : ;
               1 :
                 begin
                   if (oper[opidx].ot and OT_MEMORY)=OT_MEMORY then
                    objectoutput^.writereloc(oper[opidx].ref^.offset,1,oper[opidx].ref^.symbol,relative_false)
                   else
                    begin
                      bytes[0]:=oper[opidx].ref^.offset;
                      objectoutput^.writebytes(bytes,1);
                    end;
                   inc(s);
                 end;
               2,4 :
                 begin
                   objectoutput^.writereloc(oper[opidx].ref^.offset,ea_data.bytes,
                     oper[opidx].ref^.symbol,relative_false);
                   inc(s,ea_data.bytes);
                 end;
             end;
           end
          else
           InternalError(777007);
        end;
    end;
  until false;
end;
{$endif NOAG386BIN}

end.
{
  $Log$
  Revision 1.2  1999-08-12 14:36:01  peter
    + KNI instructions

  Revision 1.1  1999/08/04 00:22:57  florian
    * renamed i386asm and i386base to cpuasm and cpubase

  Revision 1.17  1999/08/01 23:55:53  michael
  * Moved taitempalloc

  Revision 1.16  1999/07/05 20:25:32  peter
    * merged

  Revision 1.15  1999/07/05 11:56:55  jonas
    * merged

  Revision 1.12.2.4  1999/07/05 20:03:30  peter
    * removed warning/notes

  Revision 1.12.2.3  1999/07/04 23:55:50  jonas
    * changed $ifdef jmpfix to $ifndef nojmpfix

  Revision 1.14  1999/07/04 21:59:31  jonas
    * merged

  Revision 1.12.2.2  1999/07/04 21:50:16  jonas
    * everything between $ifdef jmpfix:
      * when a jxx instruction is disposed, decrease the refcount of the label
        it referenced
      * for jmp instructions to a label, set is_jmp also to true (was only done
        for Jcc instructions)

  Revision 1.13  1999/06/28 19:30:06  peter
    * merged

  Revision 1.12.2.1  1999/06/28 19:18:53  peter
    * fixed loadsym with sym=nil

  Revision 1.12  1999/06/14 11:15:01  pierre
   * -O2 real multiplication bug correction

  Revision 1.11  1999/05/30 11:57:43  peter
    * moved swapoperands out of the define

  Revision 1.10  1999/05/27 19:44:33  peter
    * removed oldasm
    * plabel -> pasmlabel
    * -a switches to source writing automaticly
    * assembler readers OOPed
    * asmsymbol automaticly external
    * jumptables and other label fixes for asm readers

  Revision 1.9  1999/05/21 13:55:02  peter
    * NEWLAB for label as symbol

  Revision 1.8  1999/05/17 21:57:09  florian
    * new temporary ansistring handling

  Revision 1.7  1999/05/16 17:00:45  peter
    * fixed sym_ofs_ref op loading

  Revision 1.6  1999/05/12 00:19:50  peter
    * removed R_DEFAULT_SEG
    * uniform float names

  Revision 1.5  1999/05/11 16:29:59  peter
    * more noag386bin defines, so tp7 can compile at least

  Revision 1.4  1999/05/05 22:21:51  peter
    * updated messages

  Revision 1.3  1999/05/02 22:41:53  peter
    * moved section names to systems
    * fixed nasm,intel writer

  Revision 1.2  1999/05/02 21:33:52  florian
    * several bugs regarding -Or fixed

  Revision 1.1  1999/05/01 13:24:23  peter
    * merged nasm compiler
    * old asm moved to oldasm/

  Revision 1.18  1999/04/16 11:49:51  peter
    + tempalloc
    + -at to show temp alloc info in .s file

  Revision 1.17  1999/04/16 09:35:11  pierre
   + tai constructors needed for SHRD and IMUL added

  Revision 1.16  1999/04/01 21:58:21  peter
    * small fixes for proces_ea

  Revision 1.15  1999/03/31 13:55:32  peter
    * assembler inlining working for ag386bin

  Revision 1.14  1999/03/29 16:05:49  peter
    * optimizer working for ag386bin

  Revision 1.13  1999/03/26 00:01:11  peter
    * first things for optimizer (compiles but cycle crashes)

  Revision 1.12  1999/03/12 00:20:04  pierre
   + win32 output working !

  Revision 1.11  1999/03/10 13:41:08  pierre
   + partial implementation for win32 !
     winhello works but pp still does not !

  Revision 1.10  1999/03/09 19:25:24  peter
    * only pass jmp's a second time in pass1

  Revision 1.9  1999/03/08 14:51:06  peter
    + smartlinking for ag386bin

  Revision 1.8  1999/03/06 17:24:19  peter
    * rewritten intel parser a lot, especially reference reading
    * size checking added for asm parsers

  Revision 1.7  1999/03/02 02:56:19  peter
    + stabs support for binary writers
    * more fixes and missing updates from the previous commit :(

  Revision 1.6  1999/03/01 15:46:21  peter
    * ag386bin finally make cycles correct
    * prefixes are now also normal opcodes

  Revision 1.5  1999/02/26 00:48:28  peter
    * assembler writers fixed for ag386bin

  Revision 1.4  1999/02/25 21:03:02  peter
    * ag386bin updates
    + coff writer

  Revision 1.3  1999/02/22 02:44:17  peter
    * ag386bin doesn't use i386.pas anymore

  Revision 1.2  1999/02/22 02:16:02  peter
    * updates for ag386bin

  Revision 1.1  1999/02/16 17:59:37  peter
    + initial files

}