freepascal.compiler/packages/libndsfpc/examples/graphics/Sprites/animate_simple/AnimateSimple.pp

(*---------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Sprite animation using two naive but common approaches to animating frames.

Sprites were created by via the sprite tool at:

http://charas-project.net/
http://charas-project.net/charas2/index.php

They were altered from their original 24x32 to 32x32 to make loading of frames simple
for example purposes only.  They are converted using grit via the supplied sprite.grit file.

The man sprite loads new frame graphics every time the animation frame changes.  This
has the advantage of only consuming 32x32 bytes of data in sprite video memory and the
disadvantages of having to store the rest of the frames in main memory and having the overhead
of copying the data in each frame.

The woman sprite loads all animation frames to sprite memory upon initialization.  This
has the advantage of allowing main memory to be freed, and causes the animation process
to be significantly faster as only a pointer is changed each frame.  The disadvantage is
this single sprite is  consuming nearly 10% of available sprite graphics memory for
the sub display.

If one of these two methods are to be employed I recommend the manly approach as the sprite memory is
a scarce resource while main memory and cpu cycles are comparatively abundant.

A more advanced approach is to keep track of which frames of which sprites are loaded into memory
during the animation stage, load new graphics frames into memory overwriting the currently unused
frames only when sprite memory is full.  Decide which frame to unload by keeping track of how
often they are being used and be sure to mark all a sprites frames as unused when it is "killed"

This demo is using a very rigid animation engine in that it assumes that each frame of sprite
graphics is the same size, that each sprite can only walk up down left or right and that
each of these states is 3 frames in durration.  Significantly more advance animations can be
done by creating data structures to describe an animation sequence.  Perhaps more advanced
demos will follow this one.

-- dovoto (jason rogers)

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------*)
program AnimateSimple;
{$L build/man.o}
{$L build/woman.o}

{$mode objfpc}

uses
  ctypes, nds9;

var
  manTiles: array [0..3071] of cuint; cvar; external;
  manPal: array [0..255] of cushort; cvar; external;
  womanTiles: array [0..3071] of cuint; cvar; external;
  womanPal: array [0..255] of cushort; cvar; external;

const
  FRAMES_PER_ANIMATION = 3;

type
  //---------------------------------------------------------------------
  // The man sprite
  // he needs a single pointer to sprite memory
  // and a reference to his frame graphics so they
  // can be loaded as needed
  //---------------------------------------------------------------------
  TMan = record
    x: cint;
    y: cint;
    sprite_gfx_mem: pcuint16;
    frame_gfx: pcuint8;
    state: cint;
    anim_frame: cint;
  end;
  PMan = ^TMan;

  //---------------------------------------------------------------------
  // The womman sprite
  // she needs an array of pointers to sprite memory since all
  // her frames are to be loaded.
  // she also needs to keep track of which sprite memory pointer is in use
  //---------------------------------------------------------------------
  TWoman = record
    x: cint;
    y: cint;
    sprite_gfx_mem: array [0..11] of pcuint16;
    gfx_frame: cint;
    state: cint;
    anim_frame: cint;
  end;
  PWoman = ^TWoman;


const
  //---------------------------------------------------------------------
  // The state of the sprite (which way it is walking)
  //---------------------------------------------------------------------
  W_UP    = 0;
  W_RIGHT = 1;
  W_DOWN  = 2;
  W_LEFT  = 3;

  //---------------------------------------------------------------------
  // Screen dimentions
  //---------------------------------------------------------------------
  SCREEN_TOP    = 0;
  SCREEN_BOTTOM = 192;
  SCREEN_LEFT   = 0;
  SCREEN_RIGHT  = 256;

//---------------------------------------------------------------------
// Animating a man requires us to copy in a new frame of data each time
//---------------------------------------------------------------------
procedure animateMan(var sprite: TMan);
var
  frame: cint;
  offset: pcuint8;
begin
  frame := sprite.anim_frame + sprite.state * FRAMES_PER_ANIMATION;
  offset := sprite.frame_gfx + (frame * 32*32);
  dmaCopy(offset, sprite.sprite_gfx_mem, 32*32);
end;

//---------------------------------------------------------------------
// Initializing a man requires little work, allocate room for one frame
// and set the frame gfx pointer
//---------------------------------------------------------------------
procedure initMan(var sprite: TMan; gfx: pcuint8);
begin
  sprite.sprite_gfx_mem := oamAllocateGfx(oamMain, SpriteSize_32x32, SpriteColorFormat_256Color);
  sprite.frame_gfx := gfx;
end;

//---------------------------------------------------------------------
// Animating a woman only requires us to alter which sprite memory pointer
// she is using
//---------------------------------------------------------------------
procedure animateWoman(var sprite: TWoman);
begin
  sprite.gfx_frame := sprite.anim_frame + sprite.state * FRAMES_PER_ANIMATION;
end;

//---------------------------------------------------------------------
// Initializing a woman requires us to load all of her graphics frames
// into memory
//---------------------------------------------------------------------
procedure initWoman(var sprite: TWoman; gfx: pcuint8);
var
  i: integer;
begin
  for i := 0 to 11 do
  begin
    sprite.sprite_gfx_mem[i] := oamAllocateGfx(oamSub, SpriteSize_32x32, SpriteColorFormat_256Color);
    dmaCopy(gfx, sprite.sprite_gfx_mem[i], 1024);
    gfx := gfx + 32*32;
  end;
end;

var
  Man: TMan;
  Woman: TWoman;
  keys: cint;
  
begin
  Man.x := 0;
  Man.y := 0;
  Man.state := 0;
  Man.anim_frame := 0;
  Woman.x := 0;
  Woman.y := 0;
  Woman.state := 0;
  Woman.anim_frame := 0;

  //-----------------------------------------------------------------
  // Initialize the graphics engines
  //-----------------------------------------------------------------
  videoSetMode(MODE_0_2D);
  videoSetModeSub(MODE_0_2D);

  vramSetBankA(VRAM_A_MAIN_SPRITE);
  vramSetBankD(VRAM_D_SUB_SPRITE);

  oamInit(oamMain, SpriteMapping_1D_128, false);
  oamInit(oamSub, SpriteMapping_1D_128, false);

  //-----------------------------------------------------------------
  // Initialize the two sprites
  //-----------------------------------------------------------------
  initMan(man, @manTiles);
  initWoMan(woman, @womanTiles);

  dmaCopy(@manPal, SPRITE_PALETTE, 512);
  dmaCopy(@womanPal, SPRITE_PALETTE_SUB, 512);

  //-----------------------------------------------------------------
  // main loop
  //-----------------------------------------------------------------
  while true do
  begin
    scanKeys();

    keys := keysHeld();
		
    if (keys and KEY_START) <> 0 then 
      exit;
      
    if keys <> 0 then
    begin
      if (keys and KEY_UP) <> 0 then
      begin
        if man.y >= SCREEN_TOP then dec(man.y);
        if woman.y >= SCREEN_TOP then dec(woman.y);

        man.state := W_UP;
        woman.state := W_UP;
      end;
      if (keys and KEY_LEFT) <> 0 then
      begin
        if man.x >= SCREEN_LEFT then dec(man.x);
        if woman.x >= SCREEN_LEFT then dec(woman.x);

        man.state := W_LEFT;
        woman.state := W_LEFT;
      end;
      if (keys and KEY_RIGHT) <> 0 then
      begin
        if man.x <= SCREEN_RIGHT then inc(man.x);
        if woman.x <= SCREEN_RIGHT then inc(woman.x);

        man.state := W_RIGHT;
        woman.state := W_RIGHT;
      end;
      if (keys and KEY_DOWN) <> 0 then
      begin
        if man.y <= SCREEN_BOTTOM then inc(man.y);
        if woman.y <= SCREEN_BOTTOM then inc(woman.y);

        man.state := W_DOWN;
        woman.state := W_DOWN;
      end;

      inc(man.anim_frame);
      inc(woman.anim_frame);

      if man.anim_frame >= FRAMES_PER_ANIMATION then man.anim_frame := 0;
      if woman.anim_frame >= FRAMES_PER_ANIMATION then woman.anim_frame := 0;

    end;

    animateMan(man);
    animateWoman(woman);

    //-----------------------------------------------------------------
    // Set oam attributes, notice the only difference is in the sprite
    // graphics memory pointer argument.  The man only has one pointer
    // while the women has an array of pointers
    //-----------------------------------------------------------------
    oamSet(oamMain, 0, man.x, man.y, 0, 0, SpriteSize_32x32, SpriteColorFormat_256Color,
      man.sprite_gfx_mem, -1, false, false, false, false, false);

    oamSet(oamSub, 0, woman.x, woman.y, 0, 0, SpriteSize_32x32, SpriteColorFormat_256Color,
      woman.sprite_gfx_mem[woman.gfx_frame], -1, false, false, false, false, false);

    swiWaitForVBlank();

    oamUpdate(oamMain);
    oamUpdate(oamSub);
  end;

end.