fix: Blending rendering anomaly when using the software renderer with SDL_WINDOW_TRANSPARENT on Windows. (#13866)

VisualC/SDL.sln

@@ -131,6 +131,8 @@ Project("{8BC9CEB8-8B4A-11D0-8D11-00A0C91BC942}") = "01-joystick-polling", "exam
 EndProject
 Project("{8BC9CEB8-8B4A-11D0-8D11-00A0C91BC942}") = "02-joystick-events", "examples\input\02-joystick-events\02-joystick-events.vcxproj", "{FCBDF2B2-1129-49AE-9406-3F219E65CA89}"
 EndProject
+Project("{8BC9CEB8-8B4A-11D0-8D11-00A0C91BC942}") = "testsoftwaretransparent", "tests\testsoftwaretransparent\testsoftwaretransparent.vcxproj", "{D91C45E2-274E-4C0F-89C7-9986F9A7E85A}"
+EndProject
 Global
 	GlobalSection(SolutionConfigurationPlatforms) = preSolution
 		Debug|Win32 = Debug|Win32
@@ -579,6 +581,14 @@ Global
 		{FCBDF2B2-1129-49AE-9406-3F219E65CA89}.Release|Win32.Build.0 = Release|Win32
 		{FCBDF2B2-1129-49AE-9406-3F219E65CA89}.Release|x64.ActiveCfg = Release|x64
 		{FCBDF2B2-1129-49AE-9406-3F219E65CA89}.Release|x64.Build.0 = Release|x64
+		{D91C45E2-274E-4C0F-89C7-9986F9A7E85A}.Debug|Win32.ActiveCfg = Debug|Win32
+		{D91C45E2-274E-4C0F-89C7-9986F9A7E85A}.Debug|Win32.Build.0 = Debug|Win32
+		{D91C45E2-274E-4C0F-89C7-9986F9A7E85A}.Debug|x64.ActiveCfg = Debug|x64
+		{D91C45E2-274E-4C0F-89C7-9986F9A7E85A}.Debug|x64.Build.0 = Debug|x64
+		{D91C45E2-274E-4C0F-89C7-9986F9A7E85A}.Release|Win32.ActiveCfg = Release|Win32
+		{D91C45E2-274E-4C0F-89C7-9986F9A7E85A}.Release|Win32.Build.0 = Release|Win32
+		{D91C45E2-274E-4C0F-89C7-9986F9A7E85A}.Release|x64.ActiveCfg = Release|x64
+		{D91C45E2-274E-4C0F-89C7-9986F9A7E85A}.Release|x64.Build.0 = Release|x64
 	EndGlobalSection
 	GlobalSection(SolutionProperties) = preSolution
 		HideSolutionNode = FALSE
@@ -644,6 +654,7 @@ Global
 		{3DB9B219-769E-43AC-8B8B-319DB6045DCF} = {D1BF59F6-22DC-493B-BDEB-451A50DA793D}
 		{B3852DB7-E925-4026-8B9D-D2272EFEFF3C} = {8DEAE483-FDE7-463F-9FD5-F597BBAED1F9}
 		{FCBDF2B2-1129-49AE-9406-3F219E65CA89} = {8DEAE483-FDE7-463F-9FD5-F597BBAED1F9}
+		{D91C45E2-274E-4C0F-89C7-9986F9A7E85A} = {D69D5741-611F-4E14-8541-1FEE94F50B5A}
 	EndGlobalSection
 	GlobalSection(ExtensibilityGlobals) = postSolution
 		SolutionGuid = {C320C9F2-1A8F-41D7-B02B-6338F872BCAD}

VisualC/tests/testsoftwaretransparent/testsoftwaretransparent.vcxproj

@@ -0,0 +1,209 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
+<Project DefaultTargets="Build" ToolsVersion="4.0" xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/developer/msbuild/2003">
+  <ItemGroup Label="ProjectConfigurations">
+    <ProjectConfiguration Include="Debug|Win32">
+      <Configuration>Debug</Configuration>
+      <Platform>Win32</Platform>
+    </ProjectConfiguration>
+    <ProjectConfiguration Include="Debug|x64">
+      <Configuration>Debug</Configuration>
+      <Platform>x64</Platform>
+    </ProjectConfiguration>
+    <ProjectConfiguration Include="Release|Win32">
+      <Configuration>Release</Configuration>
+      <Platform>Win32</Platform>
+    </ProjectConfiguration>
+    <ProjectConfiguration Include="Release|x64">
+      <Configuration>Release</Configuration>
+      <Platform>x64</Platform>
+    </ProjectConfiguration>
+  </ItemGroup>
+  <PropertyGroup Label="Globals">
+    <ProjectGuid>{D91C45E2-274E-4C0F-89C7-9986F9A7E85A}</ProjectGuid>
+    <RootNamespace>testsoftwaretransparent</RootNamespace>
+    <VisualStudioVersion Condition="'$(VisualStudioVersion)' == ''">10.0</VisualStudioVersion>
+  </PropertyGroup>
+  <Import Project="$(VCTargetsPath)\Microsoft.Cpp.Default.props" />
+  <PropertyGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Debug|Win32'" Label="Configuration">
+    <ConfigurationType>Application</ConfigurationType>
+    <PlatformToolset Condition="'$(VisualStudioVersion)' != '10.0'">$(DefaultPlatformToolset)</PlatformToolset>
+  </PropertyGroup>
+  <PropertyGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Release|Win32'" Label="Configuration">
+    <ConfigurationType>Application</ConfigurationType>
+    <PlatformToolset Condition="'$(VisualStudioVersion)' != '10.0'">$(DefaultPlatformToolset)</PlatformToolset>
+  </PropertyGroup>
+  <PropertyGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Debug|x64'" Label="Configuration">
+    <ConfigurationType>Application</ConfigurationType>
+    <PlatformToolset Condition="'$(VisualStudioVersion)' != '10.0'">$(DefaultPlatformToolset)</PlatformToolset>
+  </PropertyGroup>
+  <PropertyGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Release|x64'" Label="Configuration">
+    <ConfigurationType>Application</ConfigurationType>
+    <PlatformToolset Condition="'$(VisualStudioVersion)' != '10.0'">$(DefaultPlatformToolset)</PlatformToolset>
+  </PropertyGroup>
+  <Import Project="$(VCTargetsPath)\Microsoft.Cpp.props" />
+  <ImportGroup Label="ExtensionSettings">
+  </ImportGroup>
+  <ImportGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Debug|Win32'" Label="PropertySheets">
+    <Import Project="$(UserRootDir)\Microsoft.Cpp.$(Platform).user.props" Condition="exists('$(UserRootDir)\Microsoft.Cpp.$(Platform).user.props')" Label="LocalAppDataPlatform" />
+  </ImportGroup>
+  <ImportGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Release|Win32'" Label="PropertySheets">
+    <Import Project="$(UserRootDir)\Microsoft.Cpp.$(Platform).user.props" Condition="exists('$(UserRootDir)\Microsoft.Cpp.$(Platform).user.props')" Label="LocalAppDataPlatform" />
+  </ImportGroup>
+  <ImportGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Debug|x64'" Label="PropertySheets">
+    <Import Project="$(UserRootDir)\Microsoft.Cpp.$(Platform).user.props" Condition="exists('$(UserRootDir)\Microsoft.Cpp.$(Platform).user.props')" Label="LocalAppDataPlatform" />
+  </ImportGroup>
+  <ImportGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Release|x64'" Label="PropertySheets">
+    <Import Project="$(UserRootDir)\Microsoft.Cpp.$(Platform).user.props" Condition="exists('$(UserRootDir)\Microsoft.Cpp.$(Platform).user.props')" Label="LocalAppDataPlatform" />
+  </ImportGroup>
+  <PropertyGroup Label="UserMacros" />
+  <PropertyGroup>
+    <_ProjectFileVersion>10.0.40219.1</_ProjectFileVersion>
+    <OutDir Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Release|Win32'">$(SolutionDir)$(Platform)\$(Configuration)\</OutDir>
+    <IntDir Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Release|Win32'">$(Platform)\$(Configuration)\</IntDir>
+    <OutDir Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Release|x64'">$(SolutionDir)$(Platform)\$(Configuration)\</OutDir>
+    <IntDir Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Release|x64'">$(Platform)\$(Configuration)\</IntDir>
+    <OutDir Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Debug|Win32'">$(SolutionDir)$(Platform)\$(Configuration)\</OutDir>
+    <IntDir Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Debug|Win32'">$(Platform)\$(Configuration)\</IntDir>
+    <OutDir Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Debug|x64'">$(SolutionDir)$(Platform)\$(Configuration)\</OutDir>
+    <IntDir Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Debug|x64'">$(Platform)\$(Configuration)\</IntDir>
+    <CodeAnalysisRuleSet Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Debug|Win32'">AllRules.ruleset</CodeAnalysisRuleSet>
+    <CodeAnalysisRules Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Debug|Win32'" />
+    <CodeAnalysisRuleAssemblies Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Debug|Win32'" />
+    <CodeAnalysisRuleSet Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Debug|x64'">AllRules.ruleset</CodeAnalysisRuleSet>
+    <CodeAnalysisRules Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Debug|x64'" />
+    <CodeAnalysisRuleAssemblies Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Debug|x64'" />
+    <CodeAnalysisRuleSet Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Release|Win32'">AllRules.ruleset</CodeAnalysisRuleSet>
+    <CodeAnalysisRules Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Release|Win32'" />
+    <CodeAnalysisRuleAssemblies Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Release|Win32'" />
+    <CodeAnalysisRuleSet Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Release|x64'">AllRules.ruleset</CodeAnalysisRuleSet>
+    <CodeAnalysisRules Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Release|x64'" />
+    <CodeAnalysisRuleAssemblies Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Release|x64'" />
+  </PropertyGroup>
+  <ItemDefinitionGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Release|Win32'">
+    <Midl>
+      <PreprocessorDefinitions>NDEBUG;%(PreprocessorDefinitions)</PreprocessorDefinitions>
+      <MkTypLibCompatible>true</MkTypLibCompatible>
+      <SuppressStartupBanner>true</SuppressStartupBanner>
+      <TargetEnvironment>Win32</TargetEnvironment>
+      <TypeLibraryName>.\Release/testsoftwaretransparent.tlb</TypeLibraryName>
+    </Midl>
+    <ClCompile>
+      <AdditionalOptions>%(AdditionalOptions) /utf-8</AdditionalOptions>
+      <AdditionalIncludeDirectories>$(SolutionDir)/../include;%(AdditionalIncludeDirectories)</AdditionalIncludeDirectories>
+      <AdditionalUsingDirectories>%(AdditionalUsingDirectories)</AdditionalUsingDirectories>
+      <PreprocessorDefinitions>WIN32;NDEBUG;_WINDOWS;%(PreprocessorDefinitions)</PreprocessorDefinitions>
+      <RuntimeLibrary>MultiThreadedDLL</RuntimeLibrary>
+      <WarningLevel>Level3</WarningLevel>
+    </ClCompile>
+    <ResourceCompile>
+      <PreprocessorDefinitions>NDEBUG;%(PreprocessorDefinitions)</PreprocessorDefinitions>
+      <Culture>0x0409</Culture>
+    </ResourceCompile>
+    <Link>
+      <SubSystem>Windows</SubSystem>
+    </Link>
+  </ItemDefinitionGroup>
+  <ItemDefinitionGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Release|x64'">
+    <Midl>
+      <PreprocessorDefinitions>NDEBUG;%(PreprocessorDefinitions)</PreprocessorDefinitions>
+      <MkTypLibCompatible>true</MkTypLibCompatible>
+      <SuppressStartupBanner>true</SuppressStartupBanner>
+      <TargetEnvironment>X64</TargetEnvironment>
+      <TypeLibraryName>.\Release/testsoftwaretransparent.tlb</TypeLibraryName>
+    </Midl>
+    <ClCompile>
+      <AdditionalOptions>%(AdditionalOptions) /utf-8</AdditionalOptions>
+      <AdditionalIncludeDirectories>$(SolutionDir)/../include;%(AdditionalIncludeDirectories)</AdditionalIncludeDirectories>
+      <AdditionalUsingDirectories>%(AdditionalUsingDirectories)</AdditionalUsingDirectories>
+      <PreprocessorDefinitions>WIN32;NDEBUG;_WINDOWS;%(PreprocessorDefinitions)</PreprocessorDefinitions>
+      <RuntimeLibrary>MultiThreadedDLL</RuntimeLibrary>
+      <WarningLevel>Level3</WarningLevel>
+    </ClCompile>
+    <ResourceCompile>
+      <PreprocessorDefinitions>NDEBUG;%(PreprocessorDefinitions)</PreprocessorDefinitions>
+      <Culture>0x0409</Culture>
+    </ResourceCompile>
+    <Link>
+      <SubSystem>Windows</SubSystem>
+    </Link>
+  </ItemDefinitionGroup>
+  <ItemDefinitionGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Debug|Win32'">
+    <Midl>
+      <PreprocessorDefinitions>_DEBUG;%(PreprocessorDefinitions)</PreprocessorDefinitions>
+      <MkTypLibCompatible>true</MkTypLibCompatible>
+      <SuppressStartupBanner>true</SuppressStartupBanner>
+      <TargetEnvironment>Win32</TargetEnvironment>
+      <TypeLibraryName>.\Debug/testsoftwaretransparent.tlb</TypeLibraryName>
+    </Midl>
+    <ClCompile>
+      <AdditionalOptions>%(AdditionalOptions) /utf-8</AdditionalOptions>
+      <Optimization>Disabled</Optimization>
+      <AdditionalIncludeDirectories>$(SolutionDir)/../include;%(AdditionalIncludeDirectories)</AdditionalIncludeDirectories>
+      <AdditionalUsingDirectories>%(AdditionalUsingDirectories)</AdditionalUsingDirectories>
+      <PreprocessorDefinitions>WIN32;_DEBUG;_WINDOWS;%(PreprocessorDefinitions)</PreprocessorDefinitions>
+      <RuntimeLibrary>MultiThreadedDLL</RuntimeLibrary>
+      <WarningLevel>Level3</WarningLevel>
+      <DebugInformationFormat>OldStyle</DebugInformationFormat>
+    </ClCompile>
+    <ResourceCompile>
+      <PreprocessorDefinitions>_DEBUG;%(PreprocessorDefinitions)</PreprocessorDefinitions>
+      <Culture>0x0409</Culture>
+    </ResourceCompile>
+    <Link>
+      <GenerateDebugInformation>true</GenerateDebugInformation>
+      <SubSystem>Windows</SubSystem>
+    </Link>
+  </ItemDefinitionGroup>
+  <ItemDefinitionGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Debug|x64'">
+    <Midl>
+      <PreprocessorDefinitions>_DEBUG;%(PreprocessorDefinitions)</PreprocessorDefinitions>
+      <MkTypLibCompatible>true</MkTypLibCompatible>
+      <SuppressStartupBanner>true</SuppressStartupBanner>
+      <TargetEnvironment>X64</TargetEnvironment>
+      <TypeLibraryName>.\Debug/testsoftwaretransparent.tlb</TypeLibraryName>
+    </Midl>
+    <ClCompile>
+      <AdditionalOptions>%(AdditionalOptions) /utf-8</AdditionalOptions>
+      <Optimization>Disabled</Optimization>
+      <AdditionalIncludeDirectories>$(SolutionDir)/../include;%(AdditionalIncludeDirectories)</AdditionalIncludeDirectories>
+      <AdditionalUsingDirectories>%(AdditionalUsingDirectories)</AdditionalUsingDirectories>
+      <PreprocessorDefinitions>WIN32;_DEBUG;_WINDOWS;%(PreprocessorDefinitions)</PreprocessorDefinitions>
+      <RuntimeLibrary>MultiThreadedDebugDLL</RuntimeLibrary>
+      <WarningLevel>Level3</WarningLevel>
+      <DebugInformationFormat>OldStyle</DebugInformationFormat>
+    </ClCompile>
+    <ResourceCompile>
+      <PreprocessorDefinitions>_DEBUG;%(PreprocessorDefinitions)</PreprocessorDefinitions>
+      <Culture>0x0409</Culture>
+    </ResourceCompile>
+    <Link>
+      <GenerateDebugInformation>true</GenerateDebugInformation>
+      <SubSystem>Windows</SubSystem>
+    </Link>
+  </ItemDefinitionGroup>
+  <ItemDefinitionGroup Condition="'$(TreatWarningsAsError)'!=''">
+    <ClCompile>
+      <TreatWarningAsError>$(TreatWarningsAsError)</TreatWarningAsError>
+    </ClCompile>
+  </ItemDefinitionGroup>
+  <ItemGroup>
+    <ProjectReference Include="..\..\SDL\SDL.vcxproj">
+      <Project>{81ce8daf-ebb2-4761-8e45-b71abcca8c68}</Project>
+      <Private>false</Private>
+      <CopyLocalSatelliteAssemblies>false</CopyLocalSatelliteAssemblies>
+      <ReferenceOutputAssembly>true</ReferenceOutputAssembly>
+    </ProjectReference>
+    <ProjectReference Include="..\..\SDL_test\SDL_test.vcxproj">
+      <Project>{da956fd3-e143-46f2-9fe5-c77bebc56b1a}</Project>
+      <Private>false</Private>
+      <CopyLocalSatelliteAssemblies>false</CopyLocalSatelliteAssemblies>
+      <ReferenceOutputAssembly>true</ReferenceOutputAssembly>
+    </ProjectReference>
+  </ItemGroup>
+  <ItemGroup>
+    <ClCompile Include="..\..\..\test\testsoftwaretransparent.c" />
+  </ItemGroup>
+  <Import Project="$(VCTargetsPath)\Microsoft.Cpp.targets" />
+  <ImportGroup Label="ExtensionTargets">
+  </ImportGroup>
+</Project>

src/video/windows/SDL_windowsframebuffer.c

@@ -59,6 +59,9 @@ bool WIN_CreateWindowFramebuffer(SDL_VideoDevice *_this, SDL_Window *window, SDL
     GetDIBits(data->hdc, hbm, 0, 0, NULL, info, DIB_RGB_COLORS);
     DeleteObject(hbm);
 
+    // Check if a transparent channel is required
+    bool need_alpha = (window->flags & SDL_WINDOW_TRANSPARENT) != 0;
+
     *format = SDL_PIXELFORMAT_UNKNOWN;
     if (info->bmiHeader.biCompression == BI_BITFIELDS) {
         int bpp;
@@ -68,16 +71,22 @@ bool WIN_CreateWindowFramebuffer(SDL_VideoDevice *_this, SDL_Window *window, SDL
         masks = (Uint32 *)((Uint8 *)info + info->bmiHeader.biSize);
         *format = SDL_GetPixelFormatForMasks(bpp, masks[0], masks[1], masks[2], 0);
     }
-    if (*format == SDL_PIXELFORMAT_UNKNOWN) {
-        // We'll use RGB format for now
-        *format = SDL_PIXELFORMAT_XRGB8888;
+    if (*format == SDL_PIXELFORMAT_UNKNOWN || need_alpha) {
+        // We'll use RGB or BGRA32 format for now
+        *format = need_alpha ? SDL_PIXELFORMAT_BGRA32 : SDL_PIXELFORMAT_XRGB8888;
 
         // Create a new one
         SDL_memset(info, 0, size);
         info->bmiHeader.biSize = sizeof(BITMAPINFOHEADER);
         info->bmiHeader.biPlanes = 1;
         info->bmiHeader.biBitCount = 32;
-        info->bmiHeader.biCompression = BI_RGB;
+        info->bmiHeader.biCompression = need_alpha ? BI_BITFIELDS : BI_RGB;
+
+        if (need_alpha) {
+            int tmpbpp;
+            Uint32 *bgr32masks = (Uint32 *)((Uint8 *)info + info->bmiHeader.biSize);
+            SDL_GetMasksForPixelFormat(SDL_PIXELFORMAT_BGRA32, &tmpbpp, &bgr32masks[0], &bgr32masks[1], &bgr32masks[2], &bgr32masks[3]);
+        }
     }
 
     // Fill in the size information

test/testsoftwaretransparent.c

@@ -0,0 +1,155 @@
+/*
+  Copyright (C) 1997-2025 Sam Lantinga <[email protected]>
+
+  This software is provided 'as-is', without any express or implied
+  warranty.  In no event will the authors be held liable for any damages
+  arising from the use of this software.
+
+  Permission is granted to anyone to use this software for any purpose,
+  including commercial applications, and to alter it and redistribute it
+  freely.
+*/
+#include <SDL3/SDL.h>
+#include <SDL3/SDL_main.h>
+
+#include "glass.h"
+
+
+int main(int argc, char *argv[])
+{
+    const char *image_file = NULL;
+    SDL_Window *window = NULL;
+    SDL_Renderer *renderer = NULL;
+    SDL_Texture *texture = NULL;
+    SDL_WindowFlags flags;
+    bool done = false;
+    SDL_Event event;
+    
+    int return_code = 1;
+
+
+    int windowWidth = 800;
+    int windowHeight = 600;
+    SDL_FRect destRect;
+    destRect.x = 0;
+    destRect.y = 0;
+    destRect.w = 100;
+    destRect.h = 100;
+
+    SDL_FRect destRect2;
+    destRect2.x = 700;
+    destRect2.y = 0;
+    destRect2.w = 100;
+    destRect2.h = 100;
+
+    SDL_FRect destRect3;
+    destRect3.x = 0;
+    destRect3.y = 500;
+    destRect3.w = 100;
+    destRect3.h = 100;
+
+    SDL_FRect destRect4;
+    destRect4.x = 700;
+    destRect4.y = 500;
+    destRect4.w = 100;
+    destRect4.h = 100;
+
+    SDL_FRect destRect5;
+    destRect5.x = 350;
+    destRect5.y = 250;
+    destRect5.w = 100;
+    destRect5.h = 100;
+
+
+    /* Create the window hidden */
+    flags = (SDL_WINDOW_HIDDEN |  SDL_WINDOW_TRANSPARENT);
+    //flags |= SDL_WINDOW_BORDERLESS;
+
+    window = SDL_CreateWindow("SDL Software Renderer Transparent Test", windowWidth, windowHeight, flags);
+    if (!window) {
+        SDL_Log("Couldn't create transparent window: %s", SDL_GetError());
+        goto quit;
+    }
+
+    /* Create a software renderer and set the blend mode */
+    renderer = SDL_CreateRenderer(window, SDL_SOFTWARE_RENDERER);
+    if (!renderer) {
+        SDL_Log("Couldn't create renderer: %s", SDL_GetError());
+        goto quit;
+    }
+
+    if (!SDL_SetRenderDrawBlendMode(renderer, SDL_BLENDMODE_BLEND)) {
+        SDL_Log("Couldn't set renderer blend mode: %s\n", SDL_GetError());
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    /* Create texture and set the blend mode */
+    // texture = SDL_CreateTexture(renderer, SDL_PIXELFORMAT_RGBA32, SDL_TEXTUREACCESS_TARGET, windowWidth, windowHeight);
+    //texture = SDL_CreateTexture(renderer, SDL_PIXELFORMAT_RGBA8888, SDL_TEXTUREACCESS_TARGET, windowWidth, windowHeight);
+    // texture = SDL_CreateTexture(renderer, SDL_PIXELFORMAT_BGRA32, SDL_TEXTUREACCESS_TARGET, windowWidth, windowHeight);
+    texture = SDL_CreateTexture(renderer, SDL_PIXELFORMAT_BGRA8888, SDL_TEXTUREACCESS_TARGET, windowWidth, windowHeight);
+    if (texture == NULL) {
+        SDL_Log("Couldn't create texture: %s\n", SDL_GetError());
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    if (!SDL_SetTextureBlendMode(texture, SDL_BLENDMODE_BLEND_PREMULTIPLIED)) {
+        SDL_Log("Couldn't set texture blend mode: %s\n", SDL_GetError());
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    /* Show */
+    SDL_ShowWindow(window);
+
+    /* We're ready to go! */
+    while (!done) {
+        while (SDL_PollEvent(&event)) {
+            switch (event.type) {
+            case SDL_EVENT_KEY_DOWN:
+                if (event.key.key == SDLK_ESCAPE) {
+                    done = true;
+                }
+                break;
+            case SDL_EVENT_QUIT:
+                done = true;
+                break;
+            default:
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+
+        
+        /* Draw opaque red squares at the four corners of the form, and draw a red square with an alpha value of 180 in the center of the form */
+        
+        SDL_SetRenderTarget(renderer, texture);
+        SDL_SetRenderDrawColor(renderer, 0, 0, 0, 0);
+        SDL_RenderClear(renderer);
+
+        SDL_SetRenderDrawColor(renderer, 255, 0, 0, 255);
+        SDL_RenderFillRect(renderer, &destRect);
+        SDL_RenderFillRect(renderer, &destRect2);
+        SDL_RenderFillRect(renderer, &destRect3);
+        SDL_RenderFillRect(renderer, &destRect4);
+        SDL_SetRenderDrawColor(renderer, 255, 0, 0, 180);
+        SDL_RenderFillRect(renderer, &destRect5);
+
+        SDL_SetRenderTarget(renderer, NULL);
+        SDL_SetRenderDrawColor(renderer, 0, 0, 0, 0);
+        SDL_RenderClear(renderer);
+        SDL_RenderTexture(renderer, texture, NULL, NULL);
+
+        /* Show everything on the screen and wait a bit */
+        SDL_RenderPresent(renderer);
+        SDL_Delay(100);
+    }
+
+    /* Success! */
+    return_code = 0;
+
+quit:
+    SDL_DestroyTexture(texture);
+    SDL_DestroyRenderer(renderer);
+    SDL_DestroyWindow(window);
+    SDL_Quit();
+    return return_code;
+}