Torque2D/engine/source/graphics/TextureManager.cc

//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Copyright (c) 2013 GarageGames, LLC
//
// Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
// of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to
// deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the
// rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or
// sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
// furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
//
// The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
// all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
//
// THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
// IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
// FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
// AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
// LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING
// FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS
// IN THE SOFTWARE.
//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

#include "graphics/TextureManager.h"

#include "platform/platformAssert.h"
#include "platform/platformGL.h"
#include "platform/platform.h"
#include "collection/vector.h"
#include "io/resource/resourceManager.h"
#include "graphics/gBitmap.h"
#include "console/console.h"
#include "console/consoleInternal.h"
#include "console/consoleTypes.h"
#include "memory/safeDelete.h"
#include "math/mMath.h"

#include "TextureManager_ScriptBinding.h"

//---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

S32 TextureManager::mMasterTextureKeyIndex = 0;
TextureManager::ManagerState TextureManager::mManagerState = TextureManager::NotInitialized; 
bool TextureManager::mDGLRender = true;
bool TextureManager::mForce16BitTexture = false;
bool TextureManager::mAllowTextureCompression = false;
bool TextureManager::mDisableTextureSubImageUpdates = false;
GLenum TextureManager::mTextureCompressionHint = GL_FASTEST;
S32 TextureManager::mBitmapResidentSize = 0;
S32 TextureManager::mTextureResidentSize = 0;
S32 TextureManager::mTextureResidentWasteSize = 0;
S32 TextureManager::mTextureResidentCount = 0;

//---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

#ifdef TORQUE_OS_IOS
#define EXT_ARRAY_SIZE 4
    static const char* extArray[EXT_ARRAY_SIZE] = { "", ".pvr", ".jpg", ".png"};
#else
struct Forced16BitMapping
{
    GLenum wanted;
    GLenum forced;
    bool   end;
};

Forced16BitMapping sg16BitMappings[] =
{
    { GL_RGB,  GL_RGB5,  false },
    { GL_RGBA, GL_RGBA4, false },
    { 0, 0, true }
};
#define EXT_ARRAY_SIZE 3
static const char* extArray[EXT_ARRAY_SIZE] = { "", ".jpg", ".png"};
#endif

//---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

struct EventCallbackEntry
{
    TextureManager::TextureEventCallback callback;
    void *               userData;
    U32                  key;
};

static U32                        sgCurrCallbackKey = 0;

static Vector<EventCallbackEntry> sgEventCallbacks(__FILE__, __LINE__);

//--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

U32 TextureManager::registerEventCallback(TextureEventCallback callback, void *userData)
{
    sgEventCallbacks.increment();
    sgEventCallbacks.last().callback = callback;
    sgEventCallbacks.last().userData = userData;
    sgEventCallbacks.last().key      = sgCurrCallbackKey++;

    return sgEventCallbacks.last().key;
}

//--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

void TextureManager::unregisterEventCallback(const U32 callbackKey)
{
    for (S32 i = 0; i < sgEventCallbacks.size(); i++)
    {
        if (sgEventCallbacks[i].key == callbackKey)
        {
            sgEventCallbacks.erase(i);
            return;
        }
    }
}

//--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

void TextureManager::postTextureEvent(const TextureEventCode eventCode)
{
    for (S32 i = 0; i < sgEventCallbacks.size(); i++)
    {
        (sgEventCallbacks[i].callback)(eventCode, sgEventCallbacks[i].userData);
    }
}

//--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

void TextureManager::create()
{
    AssertISV(mManagerState == NotInitialized, "TextureManager::create() - already created!");

    TextureDictionary::create();

    Con::addVariable("$pref::OpenGL::force16BitTexture", TypeBool, &TextureManager::mForce16BitTexture);
    Con::addVariable("$pref::OpenGL::allowTextureCompression", TypeBool, &TextureManager::mAllowTextureCompression);
    Con::addVariable("$pref::OpenGL::disableTextureSubImageUpdates", TypeBool, &TextureManager::mDisableTextureSubImageUpdates);

    // Flag as alive.
    mManagerState = Alive;
}

//--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

void TextureManager::destroy()
{
    AssertISV(mManagerState != NotInitialized, "TextureManager::destroy - nothing to destroy!");

    // Destroy the texture dictionary.
    TextureDictionary::destroy();

    // Reset state.
    mBitmapResidentSize = 0;
    mTextureResidentSize = 0;
    mTextureResidentWasteSize = 0;
    mTextureResidentCount = 0;
    mMasterTextureKeyIndex = 0;

    // Flag as not initialized.
    mManagerState = NotInitialized;
}

//--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

void TextureManager::killManager()
{
    // Finish if already dead.
    if ( mManagerState == Dead )
        return;

    // Flag as dead.
    mManagerState = Dead;

    // Post zombie event.
    postTextureEvent(BeginZombification);

    Vector<GLuint> deleteNames(4096);

    TextureObject* probe = TextureDictionary::TextureObjectChain;
    while (probe) 
    {
        if (probe->mGLTextureName != 0)
        {
            deleteNames.push_back(probe->mGLTextureName);
        }
        probe->mGLTextureName = 0;
        
        // Adjust metrics.
        mTextureResidentCount--;
        mTextureResidentSize -= probe->mTextureResidentSize;
        probe->mTextureResidentSize = 0;
        mTextureResidentWasteSize -= probe->mTextureResidentWasteSize;
        probe->mTextureResidentWasteSize = 0;

        probe = probe->next;
    }

    // Delete all textures.
    glDeleteTextures(deleteNames.size(), deleteNames.address());
}

//--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

void TextureManager::resurrectManager( void )
{
    // Finish if not dead.
    if (mManagerState != Dead)
        return;

    // Flag as resurrecting.
    mManagerState = Resurrecting;

    // Post begin resurrection event.
    postTextureEvent(BeginResurrection);

    // Resurrect textures.
    TextureObject* probe = TextureDictionary::TextureObjectChain;
    while (probe) 
    {
        switch( probe->mHandleType )
        {
            case TextureHandle::BitmapTexture:
                {
                    // Sanity!
                    AssertISV( probe->mTextureKey != NULL && probe->mTextureKey != StringTable->EmptyString, "Encountered a bitmap texture that didn't specify its bitmap." );

                    // Load the bitmap.
                    GBitmap* pBitmap = loadBitmap( probe->mTextureKey );

                    // Sanity!
                    AssertISV(pBitmap != NULL, "Error resurrecting the texture cache.\n""Possible cause: a bitmap was deleted during the course of gameplay.");

                    // Register texture.
                    TextureObject* pTextureObject = registerTexture(probe->mTextureKey, pBitmap, probe->mHandleType, probe->mClamp);

                    // Sanity!
                    AssertFatal(pTextureObject == probe, "A new texture was returned during resurrection.");

                } break;

            case TextureHandle::BitmapKeepTexture:
                {
                    // Sanity!
                    AssertISV( probe->mpBitmap != NULL, "Encountered no bitmap for a texture that should keep it." );

                    // Create texture.
                    createGLName(probe);

                } break;

            default:
                // Sanity!
                AssertISV( false, "Unknown texture type encountered during texture resurrection." );
        }

        // Next texture.
        probe = probe->next;
    }

    // Post end resurrection event.
    postTextureEvent(EndResurrection);

    // Flag as alive.
    mManagerState = Alive;
}

//--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

void TextureManager::flush()
{
    killManager();
    resurrectManager();
}

//--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

StringTableEntry TextureManager::getUniqueTextureKey( void )
{
    char textureKeyBuffer[32];
    dSprintf( textureKeyBuffer, sizeof(textureKeyBuffer), "GeneratedKey_%d", mMasterTextureKeyIndex++ );
    return StringTable->insert( textureKeyBuffer );
}

//--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

GBitmap* TextureManager::createPowerOfTwoBitmap(GBitmap* pBitmap)
{    
    // Sanity!
    AssertISV( pBitmap->getFormat() != GBitmap::Palettized, "Paletted bitmaps are not supported." );

    // Finish if already a power-of-two in dimension.
    if (isPow2(pBitmap->getWidth()) && isPow2(pBitmap->getHeight()))
        return pBitmap;


    U32 width = pBitmap->getWidth();
    U32 height = pBitmap->getHeight();

    U32 newWidth  = getNextPow2(pBitmap->getWidth());
    U32 newHeight = getNextPow2(pBitmap->getHeight());

    GBitmap* pReturn = new GBitmap(newWidth, newHeight, false, pBitmap->getFormat());

    for (U32 i = 0; i < height; i++) 
    {
        U8*       pDest = (U8*)pReturn->getAddress(0, i);
        const U8* pSrc  = (const U8*)pBitmap->getAddress(0, i);

        dMemcpy(pDest, pSrc, width * pBitmap->bytesPerPixel);

        pDest += width * pBitmap->bytesPerPixel;
        // set the src pixel to the last pixel in the row
        const U8 *pSrcPixel = pDest - pBitmap->bytesPerPixel;

        for(U32 j = width; j < newWidth; j++)
            for(U32 k = 0; k < pBitmap->bytesPerPixel; k++)
                *pDest++ = pSrcPixel[k];
    }

    for(U32 i = height; i < newHeight; i++)
    {
        U8* pDest = (U8*)pReturn->getAddress(0, i);
        U8* pSrc = (U8*)pReturn->getAddress(0, height-1);
        dMemcpy(pDest, pSrc, newWidth * pBitmap->bytesPerPixel);
    }

    return pReturn;
}

//---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

void TextureManager::freeTexture( TextureObject* pTextureObject )
{
    if((mDGLRender || mManagerState == Resurrecting) && pTextureObject->mGLTextureName)
    {
        glDeleteTextures(1, (const GLuint*)&pTextureObject->mGLTextureName);

        // Adjust metrics.
        mTextureResidentCount--;
        mTextureResidentSize -= pTextureObject->mTextureResidentSize;
        pTextureObject->mTextureResidentSize = 0;
        mTextureResidentWasteSize -= pTextureObject->mTextureResidentWasteSize;
        pTextureObject->mTextureResidentWasteSize = 0;
    }

    if ( pTextureObject->mpBitmap != NULL )
    {
        SAFE_DELETE( pTextureObject->mpBitmap );
        mBitmapResidentSize -= pTextureObject->mBitmapResidentSize;
        pTextureObject->mBitmapResidentSize = 0;
    }

    TextureDictionary::remove(pTextureObject);
    SAFE_DELETE( pTextureObject );
}

//---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

void TextureManager::getSourceDestByteFormat(GBitmap *pBitmap, U32 *sourceFormat, U32 *destFormat, U32 *byteFormat, U32* texelSize )
{
    *byteFormat = GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE;
    U32 byteSize = 1;
#if defined(TORQUE_OS_IOS) || defined(TORQUE_OS_ANDROID)
    switch(pBitmap->getFormat()) 
    {
    case GBitmap::Intensity:
        AssertFatal( 0, "GBitmap::Intensity GL_INTENSITY format not supported" );
        break;
    case GBitmap::Palettized:
        AssertFatal( 0, "GBitmap::Palettized GL_COLOR_INDEX format not supported" );
        break;
    case GBitmap::Luminance:
        *sourceFormat = GL_LUMINANCE;
        break;
    case GBitmap::RGB:
        *sourceFormat = GL_RGB;
        break;
    case GBitmap::RGBA:
        *sourceFormat = GL_RGBA;
        break;
    case GBitmap::Alpha:
        *sourceFormat = GL_ALPHA;
        break;
    case GBitmap::RGB565:
        *sourceFormat = GL_RGB;
        *byteFormat   = GL_UNSIGNED_SHORT_5_6_5;
        byteSize = 2;
        break;
    case GBitmap::RGB5551:
        *sourceFormat = GL_RGBA;
        *byteFormat   = GL_UNSIGNED_SHORT_5_5_5_1;
        byteSize = 1; // Incorrect but assume worst case.
        break;
#ifdef TORQUE_OS_IOS
    case GBitmap::PVR2:
        *sourceFormat = GL_RGB;
        *byteFormat = GL_COMPRESSED_RGB_PVRTC_2BPPV1_IMG;
        byteSize = 1; // Incorrect but assume worst case.
        break;
    case GBitmap::PVR2A:
        *sourceFormat = GL_RGBA;
        *byteFormat = GL_COMPRESSED_RGBA_PVRTC_2BPPV1_IMG;
        byteSize = 1; // Incorrect but assume worst case.
        break;
    case GBitmap::PVR4:
        *sourceFormat = GL_RGB;
        *byteFormat = GL_COMPRESSED_RGB_PVRTC_4BPPV1_IMG;
        byteSize = 1; // Incorrect but assume worst case.
        break;
    case GBitmap::PVR4A:
        *sourceFormat = GL_RGBA;
        *byteFormat = GL_COMPRESSED_RGBA_PVRTC_4BPPV1_IMG;
        byteSize = 1; // Incorrect but assume worst case.
        break;
#endif
    }
    *destFormat = *sourceFormat;
    *texelSize = byteSize;
    return;
#else	
    switch(pBitmap->getFormat()) 
    {
    case GBitmap::Intensity:
        *sourceFormat = GL_INTENSITY;
        break; 

    case GBitmap::Palettized:
        *sourceFormat = GL_COLOR_INDEX;
        break;

    case GBitmap::Luminance:
        *sourceFormat = GL_LUMINANCE;
        break;
    case GBitmap::RGB:
        *sourceFormat = GL_RGB;
        break;
    case GBitmap::RGBA:
        *sourceFormat = GL_RGBA;
        break;
    case GBitmap::Alpha:
        *sourceFormat = GL_ALPHA;
        break;

    case GBitmap::RGB565:
    case GBitmap::RGB5551:
#if defined(TORQUE_BIG_ENDIAN)
        *sourceFormat = GL_BGRA_EXT;
        *byteFormat   = GL_UNSIGNED_SHORT_1_5_5_5_REV;
#else
        *sourceFormat = GL_RGBA;
        *byteFormat   = GL_UNSIGNED_SHORT_5_5_5_1;
#endif
        break;
    };

    if(*byteFormat == GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE)
    {
        if (*sourceFormat != GL_COLOR_INDEX)
        {
            *destFormat = *sourceFormat;
        }
        else
        {
            *destFormat = GL_COLOR_INDEX8_EXT;

        }
        byteSize = 1;
        *texelSize = byteSize;
    }
    else
    {
        *destFormat = GL_RGB5_A1;
        *texelSize = 2;
    }

    if (TextureManager::mForce16BitTexture)
    {
        for (U32 i = 0; sg16BitMappings[i].end != true; i++)
        {
            if (*destFormat == sg16BitMappings[i].wanted)
            {
                *destFormat = sg16BitMappings[i].forced;
                *texelSize = 2;
                return;
            }
        }
    }
    else
    {
        if(*destFormat == GL_RGB)
        {
            *destFormat = GL_RGB8;
            *texelSize = 3 * byteSize;
        }
        else if(*destFormat == GL_RGBA)
        {
            *destFormat = GL_RGBA8;
            *texelSize = 4 * byteSize;
        }
    }
#endif // defined(TORQUE_OS_IOS)
}

//--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

U16* TextureManager::create16BitBitmap( GBitmap *pDL, U8 *in_source8, GBitmap::BitmapFormat alpha_info, GLint *GLformat, GLint *GLdata_type, U32 width, U32 height )
{
    //PUAP -Mat make 16 bit
    U16 *texture_data = new U16[width * height];
    U16 *dest = texture_data;
    U32 *source = (U32*)in_source8;
    //since the pointer is 4 bytes, multiply by the number of bytes per pixel over 4
    U32 spanInBytes = (U32)((width * height) * (pDL->bytesPerPixel / 4.0f));
    U32 *source_end = source + spanInBytes;

    switch (alpha_info) {
        case GBitmap::Alpha: //ALPHA_TRANSPARENT:
            while (source != source_end) {
                U32 color = *source++;
                *dest++ = ((color & 0xF8) << 8) | ((color & 0xF800) >> 5) | ((color & 0xF80000) >> 18) | (color >> 31);
            }
            *GLformat = GL_RGBA;
            *GLdata_type = GL_UNSIGNED_SHORT_5_5_5_1;
            break;
            case GBitmap::RGBA://ALPHA_BLEND
            while (source != source_end) {
                U32 color = *source++;
                *dest++ = ((color & 0xF0) << 8) | ((color & 0xF000) >> 4) | ((color & 0xF00000) >> 16) | ((color & 0xF0000000) >> 28);
            }
            *GLformat = GL_RGBA;
            *GLdata_type = GL_UNSIGNED_SHORT_4_4_4_4;
        break;

        default://ALPHA_NONE
            U8 *source8 = (U8*)source;
            //32 bytes per address, snce we are casting to U8 we need 4 times as many
            U8 *end8 = source8 + (U32)(spanInBytes*4);
            while (source8 < end8) {
                U16 red = (U16)*source8;
                source8++;
                U16 green = (U16)*source8;
                source8++;
                U16 blue = (U16)*source8;
                source8++;
                //now color should be == RR GG BB 00
                *dest = ((red & 0xF8) << 8) | ((green & 0xFC) << 3) | ((blue & 0xF8) >> 3);
                dest++;
            }
            *GLformat = GL_RGB;
            *GLdata_type = GL_UNSIGNED_SHORT_5_6_5;
        break;
    }
    return texture_data;
}


//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

void TextureManager::refresh( TextureObject* pTextureObject )
{
    // Finish if refresh not appropriate.
    if (!(mDGLRender || mManagerState == Resurrecting))
        return;

    // Sanity!
    AssertISV( pTextureObject->mGLTextureName != 0, "Refreshing texture but no texture created." );
    AssertISV( pTextureObject->mpBitmap != 0, "Refreshing texture but no bitmap available." );

    // Fetch bitmaps.
    GBitmap* pSourceBitmap = pTextureObject->mpBitmap;
    GBitmap* pNewBitmap = createPowerOfTwoBitmap(pSourceBitmap);

    // Fetch source/dest formats.
    U32 sourceFormat, destFormat, byteFormat, texelSize;
    getSourceDestByteFormat(pSourceBitmap, &sourceFormat, &destFormat, &byteFormat, &texelSize);

#if defined(TORQUE_OS_IOS)
    bool isCompressed = (pNewBitmap->getFormat() >= GBitmap::PVR2) && (pNewBitmap->getFormat() <= GBitmap::PVR4A);
#endif

#if defined(TORQUE_OS_IOS)
    if (isCompressed) {
        switch (pNewBitmap->getFormat()) {
            case GBitmap::PVR2:
            case GBitmap::PVR2A:
                glCompressedTexImage2D(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, byteFormat,
                    pNewBitmap->getWidth(), pNewBitmap->getHeight(), 0, (getMax((int)pNewBitmap->getWidth(),16) * getMax((int)pNewBitmap->getHeight(), 8) * 2 + 7) / 8, pNewBitmap->getBits() );
                break;
            case GBitmap::PVR4:
            case GBitmap::PVR4A:
                glCompressedTexImage2D(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, byteFormat,
                    pNewBitmap->getWidth(), pNewBitmap->getHeight(), 0, (getMax((int)pNewBitmap->getWidth(),8) * getMax((int)pNewBitmap->getHeight(), 8) * 4 + 7) / 8, pNewBitmap->getBits() );
                break;
            default:
            // already tested for range of values, so default is just to keep the compiler happy!
            break;
        }
    } else 
#endif

    // Bind texture.
    glBindTexture( GL_TEXTURE_2D, pTextureObject->mGLTextureName );

    // Are we forcing to 16-bit?
    if( pSourceBitmap->mForce16Bit )
    {
        // Yes, so generate a 16-bit texture.
        GLint GLformat;
        GLint GLdata_type;

        U16* pBitmap16 = create16BitBitmap( pNewBitmap, pNewBitmap->getWritableBits(), pNewBitmap->getFormat(), 
                                                &GLformat, &GLdata_type,
                                                pNewBitmap->getWidth(), pNewBitmap->getHeight() );

        glTexImage2D(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 
                        0,
                        GLformat,
                        pNewBitmap->getWidth(), pNewBitmap->getHeight(), 
                        0,
                        GLformat, 
                        GLdata_type,
                        pBitmap16
                    );

        //copy new texture_data into pBits
        delete [] pBitmap16;
    }
    else
    {
        // No, so upload as-is.
        glTexImage2D(GL_TEXTURE_2D,
            0,
            destFormat,
            pNewBitmap->getWidth(), pNewBitmap->getHeight(),
            0,
            sourceFormat,
            byteFormat,
            pNewBitmap->getBits());
    }

    const GLuint filter = pTextureObject->getFilter();
    glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, filter);
    glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, filter);

    GLenum glClamp;
    if ( pTextureObject->getClamp() )
        glClamp = dglDoesSupportEdgeClamp() ? GL_CLAMP_TO_EDGE : GL_CLAMP;
    else
        glClamp = GL_REPEAT;

    glTexParameteri( GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_S, glClamp );
    glTexParameteri( GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_T, glClamp );

    if(pNewBitmap != pSourceBitmap)
    {
        delete pNewBitmap;
    }
}

//--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

void TextureManager::refresh( const char *textureName )
{
    // Finish if no texture name specified.
    AssertFatal( textureName != NULL, "Texture Manager:  Cannot refresh a NULL texture name." );

    // Find the texture object.
    TextureObject* pTextureObject = TextureDictionary::find( textureName );

    // Finish if no texture for this texture name.
    if ( pTextureObject == NULL )
        return;

    // Finish if the texture object is a kept bitmap.
    if ( pTextureObject->getHandleType() == TextureHandle::BitmapKeepTexture )
        return;

    // Load the bitmap.
    GBitmap* pBitmap = loadBitmap( pTextureObject->mTextureKey );

    // Finish if bitmap could not be loaded.
    if ( pBitmap == NULL )
        return;

    // Register texture.
    TextureObject* pNewTextureObject = registerTexture(pTextureObject->mTextureKey, pBitmap, pTextureObject->mHandleType, pTextureObject->mClamp);

    // Sanity!
    AssertFatal(pNewTextureObject == pTextureObject, "A new texture was returned during refresh.");
}

//--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

void TextureManager::createGLName( TextureObject* pTextureObject )
{
    // Finish if not appropriate.
    if (!(mDGLRender || mManagerState == Resurrecting))
        return;

    // Sanity!
    AssertISV( pTextureObject->mHandleType != TextureHandle::InvalidTexture, "Invalid texture type." );
    AssertISV( pTextureObject->mpBitmap != NULL, "Bitmap cannot be NULL." );
    AssertISV( pTextureObject->mGLTextureName == 0, "GL texture name already exists." );

    // Generate texture name.
    glGenTextures(1, &pTextureObject->mGLTextureName);

    // Fetch source/dest formats.
    U32 sourceFormat, destFormat, byteFormat, texelSize;
    getSourceDestByteFormat(pTextureObject->mpBitmap, &sourceFormat, &destFormat, &byteFormat, &texelSize);

    // Adjust metrics.
    mTextureResidentCount++;
    pTextureObject->mTextureResidentSize = pTextureObject->mTextureWidth * pTextureObject->mTextureHeight * texelSize;
    mTextureResidentSize += pTextureObject->mTextureResidentSize;
    pTextureObject->mTextureResidentWasteSize = ((pTextureObject->mTextureWidth * pTextureObject->mTextureHeight)-(pTextureObject->mBitmapWidth * pTextureObject->mBitmapHeight)) * texelSize;
    mTextureResidentWasteSize += pTextureObject->mTextureResidentWasteSize;

    // Refresh the texture.
    refresh( pTextureObject );
}

//--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

TextureObject* TextureManager::registerTexture(const char* pTextureKey, GBitmap* pNewBitmap, TextureHandle::TextureHandleType type, bool clampToEdge)
{
    // Sanity!
    AssertISV( type != TextureHandle::InvalidTexture, "Invalid texture type." );

    TextureObject* pTextureObject = NULL;

    // Fetch texture key.
    StringTableEntry textureKey = StringTable->insert(pTextureKey);

    if(pTextureKey)
    {
        pTextureObject = TextureDictionary::find(textureKey, type, clampToEdge);
    }

    if( pTextureObject )
    {
        // Remove bitmap if we have a different existing one.
        if ( pTextureObject->mpBitmap != NULL && pTextureObject->mpBitmap != pNewBitmap)
        {
            delete pTextureObject->mpBitmap;
            pTextureObject->mpBitmap = NULL;

            // Adjust metrics.
            mBitmapResidentSize -= pTextureObject->mBitmapResidentSize;
            pTextureObject->mBitmapResidentSize = 0;
        }

        // Remove any texture name.
        if ( pTextureObject->mGLTextureName != 0 )
        {
            glDeleteTextures(1, (const GLuint*)&pTextureObject->mGLTextureName);
            pTextureObject->mGLTextureName = 0;

            // Adjust metrics.
            mTextureResidentCount--;
            mTextureResidentSize -= pTextureObject->mTextureResidentSize;
            pTextureObject->mTextureResidentSize = 0;
            mTextureResidentWasteSize -= pTextureObject->mTextureResidentWasteSize;
            pTextureObject->mTextureResidentWasteSize = 0;
        }
    }
    else
    {
        // Create new texture object.
        pTextureObject = new TextureObject();
        pTextureObject->mTextureKey = textureKey;
        pTextureObject->mHandleType = type;

        TextureDictionary::insert(pTextureObject);
    }

    if ( pTextureObject->mHandleType == TextureHandle::BitmapKeepTexture && pTextureObject->mpBitmap != pNewBitmap )
    {
        // Adjust metrics.
        pTextureObject->mBitmapResidentSize = pNewBitmap->byteSize;
        mBitmapResidentSize += pTextureObject->mBitmapResidentSize;
    }

    pTextureObject->mpBitmap           = pNewBitmap;
    pTextureObject->mBitmapWidth       = pNewBitmap->getWidth();
    pTextureObject->mBitmapHeight      = pNewBitmap->getHeight();
    pTextureObject->mTextureWidth      = getNextPow2(pNewBitmap->getWidth());
    pTextureObject->mTextureHeight     = getNextPow2(pNewBitmap->getHeight());
    pTextureObject->mClamp             = clampToEdge;

    // Generate a GL texture name if one is not ready.
    if( pTextureObject->mGLTextureName == 0) 
    {
        createGLName(pTextureObject);
    }

    // Delete bitmap if we're not keeping it.
    if ( pTextureObject->mHandleType != TextureHandle::BitmapKeepTexture ) 
    {
        delete pTextureObject->mpBitmap;
        pTextureObject->mpBitmap = NULL;
    }

    return pTextureObject;
}

//--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

TextureObject *TextureManager::loadTexture(const char* pTextureKey, TextureHandle::TextureHandleType type, bool clampToEdge, bool checkOnly, bool force16Bit )
{
    // Sanity!
    AssertISV( type != TextureHandle::InvalidTexture, "Invalid texture type." );

    // Finish if texture key is invalid.
    if( pTextureKey == NULL || *pTextureKey == 0)
        return NULL;

    // Fetch texture key.
    StringTableEntry textureKey = StringTable->insert(pTextureKey);

    TextureObject *ret = TextureDictionary::find(textureKey, type, clampToEdge);

    GBitmap *bmp = NULL;

    if( ret == NULL )
    {
        // Ok, no hit - is it in the current dir? If so then let's grab it
        // and use it.
        bmp = loadBitmap(textureKey, false);

        if(bmp)
        {
            bmp->mForce16Bit = force16Bit;
            return registerTexture(textureKey, bmp, type, clampToEdge);
        }
    }

    if(ret)
        return ret;

    // If we're just checking, fail out so we eventually get around to
    // loading a real bitmap.
    if(checkOnly)
        return NULL;

    // Ok, no success so let's try actually loading a texture.
    bmp = loadBitmap(textureKey);

    if(!bmp)
    {
        Con::warnf("Could not locate texture: %s", textureKey);
        return NULL;
    }
    bmp->mForce16Bit = force16Bit;

    return registerTexture(textureKey, bmp, type, clampToEdge);
}

//--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

GBitmap *TextureManager::loadBitmap( const char* pTextureKey, bool recurse, bool nocompression )
{
    char fileNameBuffer[512];
    Con::expandPath( fileNameBuffer, sizeof(fileNameBuffer), pTextureKey );
    GBitmap *bmp = NULL;

    // Loop through the supported extensions to find the file.
    U32 len = dStrlen(fileNameBuffer);
    for (U32 i = 0; i < EXT_ARRAY_SIZE && bmp == NULL; i++)
    {
#if defined(TORQUE_OS_IOS)
        // check to see if requested no-compression...
        if (nocompression && (dStrncmp( extArray[i], ".pvr", 4 ) == 0)) {
            continue;
        }
#endif
        dStrcpy(fileNameBuffer + len, extArray[i]);

        bmp = (GBitmap*)ResourceManager->loadInstance(fileNameBuffer);

        if ( bmp != NULL && (bmp->getWidth() > MaximumProductSupportedTextureWidth || bmp->getHeight() > MaximumProductSupportedTextureHeight) )
        {
            Con::warnf( "TextureManager::loadBitmap() - Cannot load bitmap '%s' as its dimensions exceed the maximum product-supported texture dimension.", fileNameBuffer );
            delete bmp;
            return NULL;
        }
    }

    return bmp;
}

//--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

void TextureManager::dumpMetrics( void )
{
    S32 textureResidentCount = 0;
    S32 textureResidentSize = 0;
    S32 textureResidentWasteSize = 0;
    S32 bitmapResidentSize = 0;

    Con::printSeparator();
    Con::printBlankLine();
    Con::printf( "Dumping texture manager metrics:" );

    TextureObject* pProbe = TextureDictionary::TextureObjectChain;
    while (pProbe != NULL) 
    {
        GLboolean isTextureResident = false;
        if ( pProbe->mGLTextureName != 0 )
        {
            textureResidentCount++;
            glAreTexturesResident( 1, &pProbe->mGLTextureName, &isTextureResident );
        }

        textureResidentSize += pProbe->mTextureResidentSize;
        bitmapResidentSize += pProbe->mBitmapResidentSize;
        textureResidentWasteSize += pProbe->mTextureResidentWasteSize;

        // Info.
        Con::printf( "BitmapArea: (%d-%d), BitmapMemory: %d, TextureArea: (%d-%d), TextureMemory: %d, TextureMemoryWaste=%d, Refs=%d, Resident=%s, Name=%s",
            pProbe->mBitmapWidth,pProbe->mBitmapHeight, pProbe->mBitmapResidentSize,
            pProbe->mTextureWidth, pProbe->mTextureHeight, pProbe->mTextureResidentSize, pProbe->mTextureResidentWasteSize,
            pProbe->mRefCount,
            isTextureResident == 0 ? "NO" : "YES",
            pProbe->mTextureKey );

        pProbe = pProbe->next;
    }

    // Validate metrics.
    const bool textureCountSame = textureResidentCount == mTextureResidentCount;
    const bool textureSizeSame = textureResidentSize == mTextureResidentSize;
    const bool textureWasteSizeSame = textureResidentWasteSize == mTextureResidentWasteSize;
    const bool bitmapSizeSame = bitmapResidentSize == mBitmapResidentSize;
    const bool allMetricsValid = textureCountSame && textureSizeSame && textureWasteSizeSame && bitmapSizeSame;

    // Error if metrics are invalid.
    if ( !allMetricsValid )
        Con::errorf( "Metrics appear to be invalid." );

    // Info.
    Con::printf( "Metrics Totals:" );
    Con::printf( "TextureCount: %d, TextureSize: %d, TextureWasteSize: %d, BitmapSize: %d, ResidentFraction: %g",
        mTextureResidentCount,
        mTextureResidentSize,
        mTextureResidentWasteSize,
        mBitmapResidentSize,
        getResidentFraction() );

    Con::printBlankLine();
    Con::printSeparator();
    Con::printf( "All texture manager metrics are valid." );
    Con::printSeparator();
}

//--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

F32 TextureManager::getResidentFraction()
{
    U32 resident = 0;
    U32 total    = 0;

    Vector<GLuint> names;

    TextureObject* pProbe = TextureDictionary::TextureObjectChain;
    while (pProbe != NULL) 
    {
        if (pProbe->mGLTextureName != 0) 
        {
            total++;
            names.push_back(pProbe->mGLTextureName);
        }

        pProbe = pProbe->next;
    }

    if (total == 0)
        return 1.0f;

    Vector<GLboolean> isResident;
    isResident.setSize(names.size());

    glAreTexturesResident(names.size(), names.address(), isResident.address());
    for (U32 i = 0; i < (U32)names.size(); i++)
        if (isResident[i] == GL_TRUE)
            resident++;

    return (F32(resident) / F32(total));
}