javascript
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three.js
mirror of https://github.com/tazdij/three.js.git


			
				
					
						
						
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							<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
	<title>three.js webgl - interactive instances (gpu)</title>
	<meta charset="utf-8">
	<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, user-scalable=no, minimum-scale=1.0, maximum-scale=1.0">
	<style>
		body {
			font-family: Monospace;
			background-color: #f0f0f0;
			margin: 0px;
			overflow: hidden;
		}

		.info {
			position: absolute;
			background-color: black;
			opacity: 0.8;
			color: white;
			text-align: center;
			top: 0px;
			width: 100%;
		}

		.info a {
			color: #00ffff;
		}

		#notSupported {
			width: 50%;
			margin: auto;
			border: 2px red solid;
			margin-top: 20px;
			padding: 10px;
		}
	</style>
</head>
<body>

	<div class="info">

		<a href="http://threejs.org" target="_blank" rel="noopener">three.js</a> webgl - gpu picking of geometry instances

		<div id="notSupported" style="display:none">Sorry your graphics card + browser does not support hardware instancing</div>

		<br/><br/>

		<div>This demo compares different methods of constructing and rendering many instances of a single geometry.</div>

		<br/>

		<div>

			<div style="display:inline-block;">
				<span>number of<br/>geometry instances</span>
				<br/>
				<select id="instanceCount">
					<option>100</option>
					<option>500</option>
					<option selected>1000</option>
					<option>2000</option>
					<option>3000</option>
					<option>5000</option>
					<option>10000</option>
					<option>20000</option>
					<option>30000</option>
					<option>50000</option>
					<option>100000</option>
				</select>
			</div>

			&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;

			<div style="display:inline-block;">
				<span>method of<br/>construction/rendering</span>
				<br/>
				<select id="method">
					<option>instanced</option>
					<option>merged</option>
					<option selected>singleMaterial</option>
					<option>multiMaterial</option>
				</select>
			</div>

			&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;

			<div style="display:inline-block;">
				<span>render continuously<br/>(to get fps reading)</span>
				<br/>
				<input id="animate" type="checkbox" />
			</div>

			&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;

			<div style="display:inline-block;">
				<span>use override material<br/>(only effects singleMaterial method)</span>
				<br/>
				<input id="override" type="checkbox" checked/>
			</div>

			&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;

			<div style="display:inline-block;">
				<span>construct anew<br/>(to get additional timings)</span>
				<br/>
				<button id="construct" type="button">do it</button>
			</div>

		</div>

		<br/>

		<div>

			<span>Materials: #<span id="materialCount"></span></span>

			&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;

			<span>Objects: #<span id="objectCount"></span></span>

			&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;

			<span>Drawcalls: #<span id="drawcalls"></span></span>

			&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;

			<span>Construction time: <span id="initTime"></span>&nbsp;ms</span>

			&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;

		</div>

	</div>

	<div id="container"></div>

	<script src="../build/three.js"></script>
	<script src="js/controls/TrackballControls.js"></script>
	<script src="js/libs/stats.min.js"></script>

	<script id="vertMerged" type="x-shader/x-vertex">
		#define SHADER_NAME vertMerged

		precision highp float;

		uniform mat4 modelViewMatrix;
		uniform mat4 projectionMatrix;

		attribute vec3 position;
		#ifdef PICKING
			attribute vec3 pickingColor;
		#else
			attribute vec3 color;
			varying vec3 vPosition;
		#endif

		varying vec3 vColor;

		void main()	{

			vec3 positionEye = ( modelViewMatrix * vec4( position, 1.0 ) ).xyz;

			#ifdef PICKING
				vColor = pickingColor;
			#else
				vColor = color;
				vPosition = positionEye;
			#endif

			gl_Position = projectionMatrix * vec4( positionEye, 1.0 );

		}

	</script>

	<script id="fragMerged" type="x-shader/x-fragment">
		#define SHADER_NAME fragMerged

		#extension GL_OES_standard_derivatives : enable

		precision highp float;

		varying vec3 vColor;

		#ifndef PICKING
			varying vec3 vPosition;
		#endif

		void main()	{

			#ifdef PICKING
				gl_FragColor = vec4( vColor, 1.0 );
			#else
				vec3 fdx = dFdx( vPosition );
				vec3 fdy = dFdy( vPosition );
				vec3 normal = normalize( cross( fdx, fdy ) );
				float diffuse = dot( normal, vec3( 0.0, 0.0, 1.0 ) );

				gl_FragColor = vec4( diffuse * vColor, 1.0 );
			#endif

		}

	</script>

	<script id="vertInstanced" type="x-shader/x-vertex">
		#define SHADER_NAME vertInstanced

		precision highp float;

		uniform mat4 modelViewMatrix;
		uniform mat4 projectionMatrix;

		attribute vec3 position;
		attribute vec3 mcol0;
		attribute vec3 mcol1;
		attribute vec3 mcol2;
		attribute vec3 mcol3;

		#ifdef PICKING
			attribute vec3 pickingColor;
		#else
			attribute vec3 color;
			varying vec3 vPosition;
		#endif

		varying vec3 vColor;

		void main()	{

			mat4 matrix = mat4(
				vec4( mcol0, 0 ),
				vec4( mcol1, 0 ),
				vec4( mcol2, 0 ),
				vec4( mcol3, 1 )
			);

			vec3 positionEye = ( modelViewMatrix * matrix * vec4( position, 1.0 ) ).xyz;

			#ifdef PICKING
				vColor = pickingColor;
			#else
				vColor = color;
				vPosition = positionEye;
			#endif

			gl_Position = projectionMatrix * vec4( positionEye, 1.0 );

		}

	</script>

	<script id="fragInstanced" type="x-shader/x-fragment">
		#define SHADER_NAME fragInstanced

		#extension GL_OES_standard_derivatives : enable

		precision highp float;

		varying vec3 vColor;

		#ifndef PICKING
			varying vec3 vPosition;
		#endif

		void main()	{

			#ifdef PICKING
				gl_FragColor = vec4( vColor, 1.0 );
			#else
				vec3 fdx = dFdx( vPosition );
				vec3 fdy = dFdy( vPosition );
				vec3 normal = normalize( cross( fdx, fdy ) );
				float diffuse = dot( normal, vec3( 0.0, 0.0, 1.0 ) );

				gl_FragColor = vec4( diffuse * vColor, 1.0 );
			#endif

		}

	</script>

	<script id="vertMaterial" type="x-shader/x-vertex">
		#define SHADER_NAME vertMaterial

		precision highp float;

		uniform mat4 modelViewMatrix;
		uniform mat4 projectionMatrix;

		attribute vec3 position;

		#ifndef PICKING
			varying vec3 vPosition;
		#endif

		void main()	{

			vec3 positionEye = ( modelViewMatrix * vec4( position, 1.0 ) ).xyz;

			#ifndef PICKING
				vPosition = positionEye;
			#endif

			gl_Position = projectionMatrix * vec4( positionEye, 1.0 );

		}

	</script>

	<script id="fragMaterial" type="x-shader/x-fragment">
		#define SHADER_NAME fragMaterial

		#extension GL_OES_standard_derivatives : enable

		precision highp float;

		#ifdef PICKING
			uniform vec3 pickingColor;
		#else
			uniform vec3 color;
			varying vec3 vPosition;
		#endif

		void main()	{

			#ifdef PICKING
				gl_FragColor = vec4( pickingColor, 1.0 );
			#else
				vec3 fdx = dFdx( vPosition );
				vec3 fdy = dFdy( vPosition );
				vec3 normal = normalize( cross( fdx, fdy ) );
				float diffuse = dot( normal, vec3( 0.0, 0.0, 1.0 ) );

				gl_FragColor = vec4( diffuse * color, 1.0 );
			#endif

		}

	</script>

	<script>

		var container, stats;
		var camera, controls, scene, renderer;
		var pickingData, pickingRenderTarget, pickingScene;
		var useOverrideMaterial = true;
		var singleMaterial, singlePickingMaterial;
		var highlightBox;
		var materialList = [];
		var geometryList = [];
		var objectCount = 0;
		var geometrySize = new THREE.Vector3();
		var mouse = new THREE.Vector2();
		var scale = 1.03;

		var loader = new THREE.JSONLoader();

		//create buffer for reading a single pixel
		var pixelBuffer = new Uint8Array( 4 );

		// gui
		var instanceCount, method, doAnimate;

		//

		gui();
		init();
		initMesh();
		if ( doAnimate ) animate();

		//

		function gui() {

			var instanceCountElm = document.getElementById( 'instanceCount' );

			instanceCount = parseInt( instanceCountElm.value );

			instanceCountElm.addEventListener( "change", function() {

				instanceCount = parseInt( instanceCountElm.value );
				initMesh();

			} );

			//

			var methodElm = document.getElementById( 'method' );

			method = methodElm.value;

			methodElm.addEventListener( "change", function() {

				method = methodElm.value;
				initMesh();

			} );

			//

			var animateElm = document.getElementById( 'animate' );

			doAnimate = animateElm.checked;

			animateElm.addEventListener( "click", function() {

				doAnimate = animateElm.checked;
				animate();

			} );

			//

			var overrideElm = document.getElementById( 'override' );

			useOverrideMaterial = overrideElm.checked;

			overrideElm.addEventListener( "click", function() {

				useOverrideMaterial = overrideElm.checked;
				initMesh();

			} );

			//

			var constructElm = document.getElementById( 'construct' );

			constructElm.addEventListener( "click", function() {

				initMesh();

			} );

		}

		function clean() {

			THREE.Cache.clear();

			materialList.forEach( function( m ) {

				m.dispose();

			} );

			geometryList.forEach( function( g ) {

				g.dispose();

			} );

			scene = new THREE.Scene();
			scene.background = new THREE.Color( 0xffffff );

			scene.add( camera );
			scene.add( highlightBox );

			pickingScene = new THREE.Scene();
			pickingData = {};
			materialList = [];
			geometryList = [];
			objectCount = 0;

			singleMaterial = undefined;
			singlePickingMaterial = undefined;

		}

		var randomizeMatrix = function() {

			var position = new THREE.Vector3();
			var rotation = new THREE.Euler();
			var quaternion = new THREE.Quaternion();
			var scale = new THREE.Vector3();

			return function( matrix ) {

				position.x = Math.random() * 40 - 20;
				position.y = Math.random() * 40 - 20;
				position.z = Math.random() * 40 - 20;

				rotation.x = Math.random() * 2 * Math.PI;
				rotation.y = Math.random() * 2 * Math.PI;
				rotation.z = Math.random() * 2 * Math.PI;

				quaternion.setFromEuler( rotation, false );

				scale.x = scale.y = scale.z = Math.random() * 1;

				matrix.compose( position, quaternion, scale );

			};

		}();

		function initMesh() {

			clean();

			// make instances
			loader.load( 'models/json/suzanne_geometry.json', function ( geo ) {

				geo.computeBoundingBox();
				geo.boundingBox.getSize( geometrySize );
				geometryList.push( geo );

				var start = window.performance.now();

				switch ( method ){

					case "merged":
						makeMerged( geo );
						break;

					case "instanced":
						makeInstanced( geo );
						break;

					case "singleMaterial":
						makeSingleMaterial( geo );
						break;

					case "multiMaterial":
						makeMultiMaterial( geo );
						break;

				}

				render();

				var end = window.performance.now();

				document.getElementById( 'materialCount' ).innerText = materialList.length;
				document.getElementById( 'objectCount' ).innerText = objectCount;
				document.getElementById( 'drawcalls' ).innerText = renderer.info.render.calls;
				document.getElementById( 'initTime' ).innerText = ( end - start ).toFixed( 2 );

			} );

		}

		function makeMultiMaterial( geo ) {

			// material

			var vert = document.getElementById( 'vertMaterial' ).textContent;
			var frag = document.getElementById( 'fragMaterial' ).textContent;

			var material = new THREE.RawShaderMaterial( {
				vertexShader: vert,
				fragmentShader: frag,
				uniforms: {
					color: {
						value: new THREE.Color()
					}
				}
			} );

			var pickingMaterial = new THREE.RawShaderMaterial( {
				vertexShader: "#define PICKING\n" + vert,
				fragmentShader: "#define PICKING\n" + frag,
				uniforms: {
					pickingColor: {
						value: new THREE.Color()
					}
				}
			} );

			// geometry / mesh

			var matrix = new THREE.Matrix4();

			for ( var i = 0; i < instanceCount; i ++ ) {

				var object = new THREE.Mesh( geo, material );
				objectCount ++;
				randomizeMatrix( matrix );
				object.applyMatrix( matrix );
				var pickingObject = object.clone();
				objectCount ++;

				object.material = material.clone();
				object.material.uniforms.color.value.setHex( Math.random() * 0xffffff );
				materialList.push( object.material );

				pickingObject.material = pickingMaterial.clone();
				pickingObject.material.uniforms.pickingColor.value.setHex( i + 1 );
				materialList.push( pickingObject.material );

				pickingData[ i + 1 ] = object;

				scene.add( object );
				pickingScene.add( pickingObject );

			}

			material.dispose();
			pickingMaterial.dispose();

		}

		function makeSingleMaterial( geo ) {

			// material

			var vert = document.getElementById( 'vertMaterial' ).textContent;
			var frag = document.getElementById( 'fragMaterial' ).textContent;

			var material = new THREE.RawShaderMaterial( {
				vertexShader: vert,
				fragmentShader: frag,
				uniforms: {
					color: {
						value: new THREE.Color()
					}
				}
			} );
			materialList.push( material );

			var pickingMaterial = new THREE.RawShaderMaterial( {
				vertexShader: "#define PICKING\n" + vert,
				fragmentShader: "#define PICKING\n" + frag,
				uniforms: {
					pickingColor: {
						value: new THREE.Color()
					}
				}
			} );
			materialList.push( pickingMaterial );

			if ( useOverrideMaterial ) {

				// make globally available
				singleMaterial = material;
				singlePickingMaterial = pickingMaterial;

			}

			// geometry / mesh

			var matrix = new THREE.Matrix4();

			function onBeforeRender( renderer, scene, camera, geometry, material, group ){

				var updateList = [];
				var u = material.uniforms;
				var d = this.userData;

				if( u.pickingColor ){
					u.pickingColor.value.setHex( d.pickingColor );
					updateList.push( "pickingColor" );
				}

				if( u.color ){
					u.color.value.setHex( d.color );
					updateList.push( "color" );
				}

				if( updateList.length ){

					var materialProperties = renderer.properties.get( material );

					if( materialProperties.program ){

						var gl = renderer.getContext();
						var p = materialProperties.program;
						gl.useProgram( p.program );
						var pu = p.getUniforms();

						updateList.forEach( function( name ){
							pu.setValue( gl, name, u[ name ].value );
						} );

					}

				}

			}

			for ( var i = 0; i < instanceCount; i ++ ) {

				var object = new THREE.Mesh( geo, material );
				objectCount ++;
				randomizeMatrix( matrix );
				object.applyMatrix( matrix );

				var pickingObject;
				if ( ! useOverrideMaterial ) {

					pickingObject = object.clone();
					objectCount ++;

				}

				object.material = material;
				object.userData[ "color" ] = Math.random() * 0xffffff;

				if ( useOverrideMaterial ) {

					object.userData[ "pickingColor" ] = i + 1;
					object.onBeforeRender = onBeforeRender;

				}else {

					pickingObject.material = pickingMaterial;
					pickingObject.userData[ "pickingColor" ] = i + 1;
					pickingObject.onBeforeRender = onBeforeRender;

				}

				pickingData[ i + 1 ] = object;

				scene.add( object );
				if ( ! useOverrideMaterial ) pickingScene.add( pickingObject );

			}

		}

		function makeMerged( geo ) {

			// material

			var vert = document.getElementById( 'vertMerged' ).textContent;
			var frag = document.getElementById( 'fragMerged' ).textContent;

			var material = new THREE.RawShaderMaterial( {
				vertexShader: vert,
				fragmentShader: frag
			} );
			materialList.push( material );

			var pickingMaterial = new THREE.RawShaderMaterial( {
				vertexShader: "#define PICKING\n" + vert,
				fragmentShader: "#define PICKING\n" + frag
			} );
			materialList.push( pickingMaterial );

			// geometry

			var bgeo = new THREE.BufferGeometry().fromGeometry( geo );
			geometryList.push( bgeo );

			var mgeo = new THREE.BufferGeometry();
			geometryList.push( mgeo );

			var pos = bgeo.attributes.position;
			var posLen = bgeo.attributes.position.count * 3;
			var vertices = new THREE.BufferAttribute(
				new Float32Array( instanceCount * posLen ), 3
			);

			var vertex = new THREE.Vector3();
			var matrix = new THREE.Matrix4();

			for ( var i = 0, ul = instanceCount; i < ul; i ++ ) {

				var offset = i * posLen;

				randomizeMatrix( matrix );
				var object = new THREE.Object3D();
				objectCount ++;
				object.applyMatrix( matrix );
				pickingData[ i + 1 ] = object;
				vertices.set( pos.array, offset );

				for ( var k = 0, l = offset; k < posLen; k += 3, l += 3 ) {

					vertex.fromArray( vertices.array, l );
					vertex.applyMatrix4( matrix );
					vertex.toArray( vertices.array, l );

				}

			}

			mgeo.addAttribute( 'position', vertices );

			var colCount = posLen / 3;
			var colors = new THREE.BufferAttribute(
				new Float32Array( instanceCount * colCount * 3 ), 3
			);
			var randCol = function() {

				return Math.random();

			};
			for ( var i = 0, ul = instanceCount; i < ul; i ++ ) {

				var r = randCol(), g = randCol(), b = randCol();
				for ( var j = i * colCount, jl = ( i + 1 ) * colCount; j < jl; j ++ ) {

					colors.setXYZ( j, r, g, b );

				}

			}
			mgeo.addAttribute( 'color', colors );

			var col = new THREE.Color();
			var pickingColors = new THREE.BufferAttribute(
				new Float32Array( instanceCount * colCount * 3 ), 3
			);
			for ( var i = 0, ul = instanceCount; i < ul; i ++ ) {

				col.setHex( i + 1 );
				for ( var j = i * colCount, jl = ( i + 1 ) * colCount; j < jl; j ++ ) {

					pickingColors.setXYZ( j, col.r, col.g, col.b );

				}

			}
			mgeo.addAttribute( 'pickingColor', pickingColors );

			// mesh

			var mesh = new THREE.Mesh( mgeo, material );
			scene.add( mesh );

			var pickingMesh = new THREE.Mesh( mgeo, pickingMaterial );
			pickingScene.add( pickingMesh );

		}

		function makeInstanced( geo ) {

			// material

			var vert = document.getElementById( 'vertInstanced' ).textContent;
			var frag = document.getElementById( 'fragInstanced' ).textContent;

			var material = new THREE.RawShaderMaterial( {
				vertexShader: vert,
				fragmentShader: frag,
			} );
			materialList.push( material );

			var pickingMaterial = new THREE.RawShaderMaterial( {
				vertexShader: "#define PICKING\n" + vert,
				fragmentShader: "#define PICKING\n" + frag
			} );
			materialList.push( pickingMaterial );

			// geometry

			var bgeo = new THREE.BufferGeometry().fromGeometry( geo );
			geometryList.push( bgeo );

			var igeo = new THREE.InstancedBufferGeometry();
			geometryList.push( igeo );

			var vertices = bgeo.attributes.position.clone();
			igeo.addAttribute( 'position', vertices );

			// var matrices = new THREE.InstancedBufferAttribute(
			// 	new Float32Array( instanceCount * 16 ), 16, 1
			// );
			var mcol0 = new THREE.InstancedBufferAttribute(
				new Float32Array( instanceCount * 3 ), 3, 1
			);
			var mcol1 = new THREE.InstancedBufferAttribute(
				new Float32Array( instanceCount * 3 ), 3, 1
			);
			var mcol2 = new THREE.InstancedBufferAttribute(
				new Float32Array( instanceCount * 3 ), 3, 1
			);
			var mcol3 = new THREE.InstancedBufferAttribute(
				new Float32Array( instanceCount * 3 ), 3, 1
			);
			var matrix = new THREE.Matrix4();
			var me = matrix.elements;
			for ( var i = 0, ul = mcol0.count; i < ul; i ++ ) {

				randomizeMatrix( matrix );
				var object = new THREE.Object3D();
				objectCount ++;
				object.applyMatrix( matrix );
				pickingData[ i + 1 ] = object;
				// matrices.set( matrix.elements, i * 16 );
				mcol0.setXYZ( i, me[ 0 ], me[ 1 ], me[ 2 ] );
				mcol1.setXYZ( i, me[ 4 ], me[ 5 ], me[ 6 ] );
				mcol2.setXYZ( i, me[ 8 ], me[ 9 ], me[ 10 ] );
				mcol3.setXYZ( i, me[ 12 ], me[ 13 ], me[ 14 ] );

			}
			// igeo.addAttribute( 'matrix', matrices );
			igeo.addAttribute( 'mcol0', mcol0 );
			igeo.addAttribute( 'mcol1', mcol1 );
			igeo.addAttribute( 'mcol2', mcol2 );
			igeo.addAttribute( 'mcol3', mcol3 );

			var randCol = function() {

				return Math.random();

			};
			var colors = new THREE.InstancedBufferAttribute(
				new Float32Array( instanceCount * 3 ), 3, 1
			);
			for ( var i = 0, ul = colors.count; i < ul; i ++ ) {

				colors.setXYZ( i, randCol(), randCol(), randCol() );

			}
			igeo.addAttribute( 'color', colors );

			var col = new THREE.Color();
			var pickingColors = new THREE.InstancedBufferAttribute(
				new Float32Array( instanceCount * 3 ), 3, 1
			);
			for ( var i = 0, ul = pickingColors.count; i < ul; i ++ ) {

				col.setHex( i + 1 );
				pickingColors.setXYZ( i, col.r, col.g, col.b );

			}
			igeo.addAttribute( 'pickingColor', pickingColors );

			// mesh

			var mesh = new THREE.Mesh( igeo, material );
			scene.add( mesh );

			var pickingMesh = new THREE.Mesh( igeo, pickingMaterial );
			pickingScene.add( pickingMesh );

		}

		function init() {

			// camera

			camera = new THREE.PerspectiveCamera(
				70, window.innerWidth / window.innerHeight, 1, 100
			);
			camera.position.z = 40;

			// picking render target

			pickingRenderTarget = new THREE.WebGLRenderTarget(
				window.innerWidth, window.innerHeight
			);
			pickingRenderTarget.texture.generateMipmaps = false;
			pickingRenderTarget.texture.minFilter = THREE.NearestFilter;

			// highlight box

			highlightBox = new THREE.Mesh(
				new THREE.BoxBufferGeometry( 1, 1, 1 ),
				new THREE.MeshLambertMaterial( {
					emissive: 0xffff00,
					transparent: true,
					opacity: 0.5
				} )
			);

			// renderer

			container = document.getElementById( "container" );
			renderer = new THREE.WebGLRenderer( {
				antialias: true,
				alpha: true
			} );
			if ( renderer.extensions.get( 'ANGLE_instanced_arrays' ) === null ) {

				document.getElementById( "notSupported" ).style.display = "";
				return;

			}
			renderer.setPixelRatio( window.devicePixelRatio );
			renderer.setSize( window.innerWidth, window.innerHeight );
			//renderer.sortObjects = false;
			container.appendChild( renderer.domElement );

			if ( renderer.extensions.get( 'ANGLE_instanced_arrays' ) === null ) {

				throw 'ANGLE_instanced_arrays not supported';

			}

			// controls

			controls = new THREE.TrackballControls(
				camera, renderer.domElement
			);
			controls.staticMoving = true;

			// stats

			stats = new Stats();
			container.appendChild( stats.dom );

			// listeners

			renderer.domElement.addEventListener( 'mousemove', onMouseMove );

			window.addEventListener( 'resize', onWindowResize, false );

		}

		//

		function onMouseMove( e ) {

			mouse.x = e.clientX;
			mouse.y = e.clientY;

			controls.update();
			requestAnimationFrame( render );

		}

		function onWindowResize( event ) {

			camera.aspect = window.innerWidth / window.innerHeight;
			camera.updateProjectionMatrix();

			renderer.setSize( window.innerWidth, window.innerHeight );
			pickingRenderTarget.setSize( window.innerWidth, window.innerHeight );

		}

		function animate() {

			if ( doAnimate ) {

				requestAnimationFrame( animate );

			}

			controls.update();
			stats.update();

			render();

		}

		function pick() {

			// render the picking scene off-screen

			highlightBox.visible = false;

			if ( singlePickingMaterial ) {

				scene.overrideMaterial = singlePickingMaterial;
				renderer.render( scene, camera, pickingRenderTarget );
				scene.overrideMaterial = null;

			}else {

				renderer.render( pickingScene, camera, pickingRenderTarget );

			}

			// read the pixel under the mouse from the texture

			renderer.readRenderTargetPixels(
				pickingRenderTarget,
				mouse.x,
				pickingRenderTarget.height - mouse.y,
				1,
				1,
				pixelBuffer
			);

			// interpret the pixel as an ID

			var id =
				( pixelBuffer[ 0 ] << 16 ) |
				( pixelBuffer[ 1 ] << 8 ) |
				( pixelBuffer[ 2 ] );

			var object = pickingData[ id ];

			if ( object ) {

				// move the highlightBox so that it surrounds the picked object

				if ( object.position && object.rotation && object.scale ) {

					highlightBox.position.copy( object.position );
					highlightBox.rotation.copy( object.rotation );

					highlightBox.scale.copy( object.scale )
						.multiply( geometrySize )
						.multiplyScalar( scale );

					highlightBox.visible = true;

				}

			} else {

				highlightBox.visible = false;

			}

		}

		function render() {

			pick();
			renderer.render( scene, camera );

		}

	</script>

</body>
</html>